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Adam Smith – Vikipeedia

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terminivõistlus\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E!\u003C/small\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sait"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sisukord" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Elulugu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elulugu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Elulugu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elulugu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smith_kui_filosoof" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smith_kui_filosoof"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Smith kui filosoof</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smith_kui_filosoof-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Moraalitunde_teooria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Moraalitunde_teooria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Moraalitunde teooria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Moraalitunde_teooria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Riikide_rikkusest" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Riikide_rikkusest"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Riikide rikkusest</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Riikide_rikkusest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-&quot;Nähtamatu_käsi&quot;" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#&quot;Nähtamatu_käsi&quot;"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>"Nähtamatu käsi"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-&quot;Nähtamatu_käsi&quot;-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tööväärtusteooriast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tööväärtusteooriast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tööväärtusteooriast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tööväärtusteooriast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarbimine_ja_rahvastik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarbimine_ja_rahvastik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Tarbimine ja rahvastik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tarbimine_ja_rahvastik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maksustamispoliitika" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maksustamispoliitika"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Maksustamispoliitika</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maksustamispoliitika-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kapital" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kapital"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Kapital</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kapital-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mälestuse_jäädvustamine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mälestuse_jäädvustamine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Mälestuse jäädvustamine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mälestuse_jäädvustamine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teosed_eesti_keeles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teosed_eesti_keeles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Teosed eesti keeles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teosed_eesti_keeles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjandus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjandus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Kirjandus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Viited</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Adam Smith</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 157 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-157" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">157 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – afrikaani" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%B3%E1%88%9D_%E1%88%B5%E1%88%9A%E1%88%B5" title="አዳም ስሚስ – amhara" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አዳም ስሚስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amhara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%90%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="ऐडेम स्मिथ – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ऐडेम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="آدم سميث – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="آدم سميث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – aragoni" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5" title="এডাম স্মিথ – assami" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="এডাম স্মিথ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – guaranii" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaranii" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smit" title="Adam Smit – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Adam Smit" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="آدام ایسمیت – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="آدام ایسمیت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5" title="অ্যাডাম স্মিথ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অ্যাডাম স্মিথ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – lõunamini" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="lõunamini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – baškiiri" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baškiiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сміт – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адам Сміт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сьміт – valgevene (taraškievitsa)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Адам Сьміт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="valgevene (taraškievitsa)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – bihaari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihaari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – bretooni" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretooni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC_%CE%A3%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%B8" title="Άνταμ Σμιθ – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνταμ Σμιθ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – ersa" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="ersa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – estremenju" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="estremenju" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="آدام اسمیت – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آدام اسمیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Fidži hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fidži hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – fääri" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="fääri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – läänefriisi" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="läänefriisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – iiri" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="iiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – mänksi" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mänksi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – gaeli" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaeli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – galeegi" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galeegi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%A6%E0%AA%AE_%E0%AA%B8%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A5" title="આદમ સ્મિથ – gudžarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આદમ સ્મિથ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gudžarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%A0%EB%8D%A4_%EC%8A%A4%EB%AF%B8%EC%8A%A4" title="애덤 스미스 – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="애덤 스미스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4_%D5%8D%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A9" title="Ադամ Սմիթ – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ադամ Սմիթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Смит, Адам – osseedi" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Смит, Адам" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseedi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="hea artikkel"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – islandi" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אדם סמית – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדם סמית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – jaava" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="jaava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – kabije" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="kabije" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D" title="ಆಡಮ್ ಸ್ಮಿತ್ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಆಡಮ್ ಸ್ಮಿತ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ადამ სმითი – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადამ სმითი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – korni" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="korni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – kirgiisi" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgiisi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – suahiili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamus_Smith" title="Adamus Smith – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Adamus Smith" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%80dams_Smits" title="Ādams Smits – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ādams Smits" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – letseburgi" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="letseburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – limburgi" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – livviko" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="livviko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/.adam._smit." title=".adam. smit. – ložban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title=".adam. smit." data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ložban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – lombardi" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – malagassi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malagassi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%82_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D" title="ആഡം സ്മിത്ത് – malajalami" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആഡം സ്മിത്ത്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malajalami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="ॲडम स्मिथ – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ॲडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ადამ სმითი – megreli" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადამ სმითი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="megreli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%AB" title="ادم سميث – Egiptuse araabia" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ادم سميث" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egiptuse araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="آدام اسمیت – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آدام اسمیت" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – mongoli" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongoli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%92%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%85%E1%80%99%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="အက်ဒမ် စမစ် – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အက်ဒမ် စမစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9F%E3%82%B9" title="アダム・スミス – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アダム・スミス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Смит, Адам – tšetšeeni" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Смит, Адам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tšetšeeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – oksitaani" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A5%E0%AD%8D" title="ଆଡାମ୍ ସ୍ମିଥ୍ – oria" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଆଡାମ୍ ସ୍ମିଥ୍" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%90%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5" title="ਐਡਮ ਸਮਿਥ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਐਡਮ ਸਮਿਥ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%88%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="ایڈم سمتھ – lahnda" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ایڈم سمتھ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="lahnda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%90%D8%AA" title="ادم سمېت – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ادم سمېت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – piemonte" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemonte" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – alamsaksa" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="alamsaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – karakalpaki" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smit" title="Adam Smit – krimmitatari" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Adam Smit" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="krimmitatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – romanši" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сміт – russiini" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Адам Сміт" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="russiini" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82,_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Смит, Адам – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Смит, Адам" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – jakuudi" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="jakuudi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya-tang-se-mi-si" title="Ya-tang-se-mi-si – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="Ya-tang-se-mi-si" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5" title="एडम स्मिथ – sanskriti" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एडम स्मिथ" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskriti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A2_%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7" title="ᱮᱰᱟᱢ ᱤᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱮᱰᱟᱢ ᱤᱥᱢᱤᱛᱷ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – sitsiilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sitsiilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%87%E0%B6%A9%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A" title="ඇඩම් ස්මිත් – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඇඩම් ස්මිත්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – sloveeni" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="sloveeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="ئادەم سمیت – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئادەم سمیت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – tagalogi" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalogi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D" title="ஆடம் சிமித் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஆடம் சிமித்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – kabiili" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabiili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smit" title="Adam Smit – tatari" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Adam Smit" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%82_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D" title="ఆడం స్మిత్ – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఆడం స్మిత్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%98" title="อดัม สมิธ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อดัม สมิธ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82" title="Адам Смит – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Адам Смит" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%A1%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%82" title="Адам Сміт – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Адам Сміт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%AA%DA%BE" title="آدم سمتھ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آدم سمتھ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smit_Adam" title="Smit Adam – vepsa" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Smit Adam" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – volapüki" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapüki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smithi_Adam" title="Smithi Adam – võru" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Smithi Adam" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="võru" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%86%E4%BA%9E%E4%B8%B9" title="斯密亞丹 – klassikaline hiina" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="斯密亞丹" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassikaline hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – lääneflaami" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="lääneflaami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – varai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="varai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%86" title="亚当·斯密 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="亚当·斯密" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D_%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%98" title="אדם סמיט – jidiši" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="אדם סמיט" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jidiši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E7%95%B6%E5%8F%B2%E5%AF%86%E5%A4%AB" title="亞當史密夫 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="亞當史密夫" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – dõmli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dõmli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams_Smits" title="Adams Smits – žemaidi" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Adams Smits" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="žemaidi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%9A%E5%BD%93%C2%B7%E6%96%AF%E5%AF%86" title="亚当·斯密 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="亚当·斯密" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Adam Smith – Mandailingi bataki" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Adam Smith" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Mandailingi bataki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9381#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Adam_Smith" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdam_Smith"><span>Hangi lühendatud URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eri:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fet.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAdam_Smith"><span>Laadi alla QR-kood</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Teistes projektides </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" hreflang="en"><span>Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" hreflang="et"><span>Vikitsitaadid</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" 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<td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/25px-Disambig_gray.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/38px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Disambig_gray.svg/50px-Disambig_gray.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="168" /></span></span> </td> <td>&#160;<i>See artikkel räägib filosoofist; jalgpalluri kohta vaata artiklit <a href="/wiki/Adam_Smith_(jalgpallur)" title="Adam Smith (jalgpallur)">Adam Smith (jalgpallur)</a></i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <hr /> <div class="nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6739384">.mw-parser-output th.mbox-text,.mw-parser-output td.mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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td,.mw-parser-output .infobox.geography .maptable th{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}</style></div><table class="infobox biography vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold"><span class="fn">Adam Smith</span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:AdamSmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/220px-AdamSmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/330px-AdamSmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/440px-AdamSmith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2173" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Sünniaeg</th><td> <span class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Kirkcaldy" title="Kirkcaldy">Kirkcaldy</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Surmaaeg</th><td> 17. juuli 1790<br /><span class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Amet</th><td class="role"> <a href="/wiki/Kirjanik" title="Kirjanik">kirjanik</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Autasud</th><td> Londoni Kuningliku Seltsi liige</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center">Autogramm</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Adam_Smith_signature_1783.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Adam_Smith_signature_1783.svg/150px-Adam_Smith_signature_1783.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Adam_Smith_signature_1783.svg/225px-Adam_Smith_signature_1783.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Adam_Smith_signature_1783.svg/300px-Adam_Smith_signature_1783.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="89" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <div class="metadata" style="text-align: right;">&#91;<a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9381" class="extiw" title="d:Q9381">muuda Wikidatas</a>]</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:AdamSmith.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/220px-AdamSmith.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="328" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/330px-AdamSmith.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/AdamSmith.jpg/440px-AdamSmith.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1456" data-file-height="2173" /></a><figcaption>Adam Smith (1787) <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:AdamSmithsignature.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/97/AdamSmithsignature.png" decoding="async" width="208" height="32" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="32" /></a></span></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Adam Smith</b> (ristitud <a href="/wiki/16._juuni" title="16. juuni">16. juuni</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vkj" class="mw-redirect" title="Vkj">vkj</a> 5. juuni) <a href="/wiki/1723" title="1723">1723</a> <a href="/wiki/Kirkcaldy" title="Kirkcaldy">Kirkcaldy</a> – <a href="/wiki/17._juuli" title="17. juuli">17. juuli</a> <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>) oli <a href="/wiki/%C5%A0otimaa" title="Šotimaa">šoti</a> <a href="/wiki/Filosoof" title="Filosoof">filosoof</a>, ühiskonna- ja <a href="/wiki/Majandus" title="Majandus">majandusteadlane</a>. Teda peetakse <a href="/wiki/Klassikaline_majandusteadus" title="Klassikaline majandusteadus">klassikalise majandusteaduse</a> rajajaks. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Elulugu">Elulugu</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Elulugu&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Elulugu&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Adam Smith sündis väikeses sadamalinnas saja miili kaugusel <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburghist</a>. Smithi isa oli Šotimaa tolliametnik ja ema suurmaaomaniku tütar. </p><p>Andeka õpilasena astus Smith juba 14-aastaselt <a href="/wiki/Glasgow%27_%C3%BClikool" class="mw-redirect" title="Glasgow&#39; ülikool">Glasgow' ülikooli</a> ja sai hiljem <a href="/wiki/Oxfordi_%C3%BClikool" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxfordi ülikool">Oxfordi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Balliol_College&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Balliol College (pole veel kirjutatud)">Balliol College</a>'ist stipendiumi. Smith õppis <a href="/wiki/Teoloogia" title="Teoloogia">teoloogiat</a> ja tahtis saada <a href="/wiki/Vaimulik" title="Vaimulik">vaimulikuks</a>. Tolle aja seadused lubasid küll lugeda kreeka ja ladina klassikuid, kuid keelasid selle aja ühe silmapaistvaima mõtleja <a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>'i "Inimloomuse teooria". Hoolimata akadeemilisest keelust avaldas Hume'i <a href="/wiki/Skeptitsism" title="Skeptitsism">skeptitsism</a> Smithile mõju ja ta loobus vaimulikuks valmistumisest. Selle asemel läks ta tagasi Kirkaldysse, kus ta sai kuulsaks <a href="/wiki/Retoorika" title="Retoorika">retoorika</a> ja seadusandluse <a href="/wiki/Lektor" title="Lektor">lektorina</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a> kutsuti Smith tagasi <a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a>' ülikooli <a href="/wiki/Loogika" title="Loogika">loogikat</a> õpetama. Aastal 1749 täitis ta samas ülikoolis <a href="/wiki/Moraalifilosoofia" class="mw-redirect" title="Moraalifilosoofia">moraalifilosoofia</a> õppetooli. Kiiresti sai ta tuntuks osava kõneleja ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Radikaal_(poliitika)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Radikaal (poliitika) (pole veel kirjutatud)">radikaalina</a>; viimane fakt tundub küll vastuolus olevana tänapäeva arusaamadega Smithist kui <a href="/wiki/Konservatiiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Konservatiiv">konservatiivist</a>. </p><p>Smith suri <a href="/wiki/1790" title="1790">1790</a>, tegeldes 15 aastat enne oma surma valitsuses majandusküsimustega. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smith_kui_filosoof">Smith kui filosoof</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Smith kui filosoof&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Smith kui filosoof&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Juba enne oma põhiteose "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Uurimus_riikide_rikkuse_iseloomust_ja_p%C3%B5hjustest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest (pole veel kirjutatud)">Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest</a>" avaldamist sai Smith kuulsaks oma <a href="/wiki/1759" title="1759">1759</a> avaldatud teosega eetilisest käitumisest, milles ta esitas <a href="/wiki/Moraal" title="Moraal">moraali</a> põhimõtete teooria. Smith arutles, kuidas inimene, keda huvitab ainult tema ise, saab kujundada selliseid moraalipõhimõtteid, mis arvestaksid ühiskonnaga, ehk kas on võimalik, et inimene, kes nagu päike on oma süsteemi keskpunkt, laseb ennast mõjutada sellest, mida väikesed planeedid tema ümber mõtlevad. </p><p>Pärast oma esikteose avaldamist levis kuuldus uuest suurest mõtlejast kohe ka mandrile. Uut õpetlast tulid kuulama üliõpilased mitte ainult prantsuse ja saksa ülikoolidest, vaid isegi Venemaalt. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1764" title="1764">1764</a> oli Smith oma radikaalsete vaadete tõttu sunnitud professoriametist loobuma ja hakkama Buccleuchi <a href="/wiki/Hertsog" title="Hertsog">hertsogi</a> poja koduõpetajaks. Et hertsogi pere planeeritud kuuajane külastus <a href="/wiki/Prantsusmaa" title="Prantsusmaa">Prantsusmaale</a> venis poolteise aasta pikkuseks, siis alustas Smith, nagu ta ise väitis, raamatu kirjutamist puhtalt ajaviiteks. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1776" title="1776">1776</a> see raamat ilmuski. "Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest" tutvustas filosoofia-, poliitika- ja ärimaailma. Seega oli Smithi eesmärk näidata põhjuslikke seadusi, kuidas rahva rikkus suureneb. Ta seletas, kuidas vaba <a href="/wiki/Turg" title="Turg">turg</a> töötab, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Spetsialiseerumine_(majandus)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Spetsialiseerumine (majandus) (pole veel kirjutatud)">spetsialiseerumist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Majanduspoliitika" title="Majanduspoliitika">majanduspoliitikat</a> jne. </p><p><a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a> tuli koos <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reaganiga</a> teist korda võimule ka Adam Smith koos väikese valitsuse, väikeste <a href="/wiki/Sotsiaalabi" title="Sotsiaalabi">sotsiaalabiprogrammide</a> ja valitsuse vähese hinnamääramise ideedega. Reagani majandusabi tavatses märkida: «Kui sa midagi ei reguleeri, on hea, veel parem on, kui sa midagi dereguleerid.» Kakssada aastat pärast "Uurimuse riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest" avaldamist oli Smith igati aktuaalne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Moraalitunde_teooria">Moraalitunde teooria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Moraalitunde teooria&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Moraalitunde teooria&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1759. aastal andis Smith välja teoses „The Theory of Moral Sentiments“ (Moraalitunde teooria) teemal, milles ta uuris seda, kuidas inimesed tunnetavad üksteist, mõistavad teiste vajadusi ja tunnevad neile kaasa. Töö käigus leidis ta, et inimesed jälgivad üksteist suhtluse käigus ning teevad järeldusi saadud kogemustest. Selleks, et teised peaksid inimese käitumist õiguspäraseks ja õiglaseks, peab ta ületama oma egoistliku omakasu püüde ning käituma sündsalt või vähemalt teesklema seda välismaailmale. </p><p>Inimestevaheliste suhete uurimiseks lõi Smith virtuaalse „erapooletu vaatleja“ isiku, kes esindas kogukonda kui tervikut ning hindas sellest lähtudes, mida tunnustada kasulikuna sootsiumile ja õiglasena teiste inimeste suhtes. Sellest omakorda ilmnes see, mida eraisikud tunnustavad ühisosana ja väljendatakse mõistetega: terve mõistus ja avalik huvi (ingl: Common sense and Public interest).&#160; </p><p>Smithi ‘vastastikuse sümpaatia’ teooria järgi jälgivad inimesed seda, kuidas teised tajuvad nende käitumist ja milliseid järeldusi nad sellest teevad (nn kohtuotsused), saades seeläbi teadlikuks enda käitumise järelmitest. Tagasiside, mis tekib inimeses teiste hinnangute tajumisel (või ettekujutamisel), loob aluse üksteisest arusaamiseks, suunab inimeste käitumist ja kujundab ühiskondlikke käitumispõhimõtteid. </p><p>Kui sümpaatia põhimõte võimaldab inimesel teise motiive heaks kiita või ümber lükata, siis erapooletu vaatleja allutab tema motiivid ja käitumise moraalsele hinnangule. Kui kaastunnet võib pidada Smithi moraaliteooria aluseks ja see vastab küsimusele, milline põhimõte muudab teatud tegevused, motiivid jms moraalselt heaks, siis erapooletu vaatleja on moraali kriteerium ja vastab küsimusele: milline käitumine väärib moraalset heakskiitu? Smithi sõnul saab see idee teatava kehtivuse vaid siis, kui inimesel on ka tahe empaatiat tekitada, et panna ennast teise rolli, kelle vastu kaastunnet soovitakse näidata. </p><p>Sellest rakendusest lähtudes sõnastas ta teesi, et moraali reeglid on vahend, mille kaudu inimesed loovad oma reaalsuse.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Riikide_rikkusest">Riikide rikkusest</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Riikide rikkusest&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Riikide rikkusest&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span>&#160;<i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/w/index.php?title=Uurimus_riikide_rikkuse_iseloomust_ja_p%C3%B5hjustest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest (pole veel kirjutatud)">Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest</a></i></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Smith_-_Inquiry_into_the_nature_and_causes_of_the_wealth_of_nations,_1922_-_5231847.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Smith_-_Inquiry_into_the_nature_and_causes_of_the_wealth_of_nations%2C_1922_-_5231847.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Smith_-_Inquiry_into_the_nature_and_causes_of_the_wealth_of_nations%2C_1922_-_5231847.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="349" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Smith_-_Inquiry_into_the_nature_and_causes_of_the_wealth_of_nations%2C_1922_-_5231847.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Smith_-_Inquiry_into_the_nature_and_causes_of_the_wealth_of_nations%2C_1922_-_5231847.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Smith_-_Inquiry_into_the_nature_and_causes_of_the_wealth_of_nations%2C_1922_-_5231847.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Smith_-_Inquiry_into_the_nature_and_causes_of_the_wealth_of_nations%2C_1922_-_5231847.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2063" data-file-height="3275" /></a><figcaption><i>Inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations</i>, 1922</figcaption></figure> <p>Smithi raamatu <i>An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations</i> (eesti keeles <i>Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest</i>) ilmumisega sündis uus teadusharu: majandusteadus. Selles raamatus visandas Smith turumajandusel rajaneva ühiskonna majandussüsteemi. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mehhanitsism&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mehhanitsism (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mehhanitsistlikust</a> maailmavaatest lähtudes püüdis ta leida vastuse küsimusele, mis hoiab koos ühiskonda, milles iga inimene ajab taga isiklikku kasu. Seejuures süveneb <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%9Chiskondlik_t%C3%B6%C3%B6jaotus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ühiskondlik tööjaotus (pole veel kirjutatud)">ühiskondlik tööjaotus</a> ja inimestevahelised suhted muutuvad keerulisemaks. Vajadused sunnivad üha rohkem tootma, suurendama ühiskonna rikkust. Ent mil viisil? </p><p>Smithi mõttekäik oli järgmine. Maa ja rahva kogutoodang võib suureneda kas töö tõhustumise või tööhulga suurenemise teel. Tööd muudavad tõhusamaks töölise oskuste ja vilumuste kasv ning täiustatud <a href="/wiki/Masin" title="Masin">masinad</a> ja seadmed. Pole oluline, kas toodang suureneb <a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5llumajandus" title="Põllumajandus">põllumajanduses</a> või <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6%C3%B6stus" title="Tööstus">tööstuses</a>. Oluline on see, et ühiskonna rikkus kasvaks. Selles mõttes ta parandas <a href="/wiki/F%C3%BCsiokraat" class="mw-redirect" title="Füsiokraat">füsiokraatide</a> vaateid, kes pidasid põllumajandust ainsaks rikkuse loojaks. </p><p>Edasi rõhutas Smith: tootmise ainsaks eesmärgiks on tarbimine, seepärast tuleb tootjate huvisid arvestada ainult niivõrd, kuivõrd seda nõuavad tarbijate huvid. Sageli, märkis ta, ohverdatakse tarbijate huvid tootjate omadele. Kui näiteks riik rakendab <a href="/wiki/Protektsionism" title="Protektsionism">protektsionistlikke</a> meetodeid ega luba neid kaupu sisse vedada, mida kohapeal toodetakse, võidavad sellise majanduspoliitika puhul tootjad, sest puudub või on piiratud riigisisene konkurents. Tarbijate huvide arvestamisel peavad tootjad lähtuma olemasolevatest piiratud ressurssidest. Viimaste kulutamisel tuleb toota ainult neid kaupu, mida tarbijad ostavad. Igal ühiskonnal peaks olema mehhanism, mis muudaks olemasolevad ressursid (vaatamata nende rohkusele) tarbijatele vajalikeks kaupadeks ja teenusteks. Niisugune mehhanism on turg kui isereguleeruv süsteem. </p><p>Kapitalistliku majandussüsteemi uurimist alustas Smith inimesest kui indiviidist. Ta leidis, et individualism on ühiskonnakorra alus, mis loob omanike sotsiaalse koosluse. Riigi kogu vara peaks olema omanikustatud, ainult siis pole karta, et individualism põhjustaks ühiskonnas kaose. </p><p>Oma filosoofilises teoses "Kõlbeliste tundmuste teooria" jõudis ta järeldusele, et kõik inimesed tahavad elada paremini kui seni: «Soov parandada oma elujärge, see iha, mis on küll üldiselt rahulik ja vaikne, tuleb meiega kaasa hällist ega jäta meid hetkekski kuni hauani.» </p><p>Inimesed ei ole üldiselt oma elujärjega rahul. See rahulolematus ongi inimese sisemine tõukejõud, mis paneb tegutsema kasu saamise eesmärgil. Kasu jõud on ühiskondlik jõud, mis sunnib inimesi ennast arendama, täiustama, elus läbi lööma. Smith väidab, et inimesed oleksid rumalad ja rahvad vaesed, kui nad ootaksid heategevust nii majanduses kui ka elukorralduses. Tavaliselt ei toeta inimesed üksteist mitte niivõrd kaastundest, kuivõrd omaenda kasust lähtudes. Ühiskonnaliikmed ei ole üksmeelsed, mistõttu peavad toimima väga tugevad tegutsemismõjurid, ajendid. Mis siis hoiab ühiskonda koos? </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="&quot;Nähtamatu_käsi&quot;"><span id=".22N.C3.A4htamatu_k.C3.A4si.22"></span>"Nähtamatu käsi"</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;&quot;Nähtamatu käsi&quot;&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;&quot;Nähtamatu käsi&quot;&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ühiskondlik tööjaotus süveneb, üksiktootjad ja tarbijad sõltuvad üha enam üksteisest. Mis hoiab neid koos ja viib ühiskonna arengut edasi? Smith väitis, et kui kõik ajavad taga omakasu, siis on ka ühiskondlik heaolu kõrge. </p> <pre> "Ta ... ei kavatse töötada üldise heaolu hüvanguks ja ta ei teagi, kui palju ta sellele üldisele hüvangule kaasa aitab ... Ta taotleb ainult omakasu ja tema tegevust juhib "nähtamatu käsi", mis paneb ta töötama eesmärgi nimel, mis ei lange kokku tema kavatsustega." </pre> <p>Niinimetatud "nähtamatu käsi" saab Smithi õpetuse sümboliks. Selleks nähtamatuks käeks on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaba_turumajandus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaba turumajandus (pole veel kirjutatud)">vaba turumajandus</a>, mille vundamendiks on hinnad. Tõepoolest, turg ja konkurents sunnivad inimesi tegema seda, mida ei vaja mitte nemad ise, vaid hoopis teised. Turg kehtestab ka hinna, millega võib ettevõtja toota ja mille eest on tarbija nõus ostma. Näiteks pagar, kes soovib raha teenida (omakasu), teenib leiba küpsetades ja müües ühtlasi näljaste inimeste huve (ühiskondliku heaolu kasv). Selgub, et turg kui isereguleeruv "nähtamatu käsi" kujundab ka tööjaotust, millel on Smithi arvates kolm positiivset väljundit: </p> <ul><li>Sama töö tegemine annab inimesele suurema vilumuse ja osavuse teha oma tööd.</li> <li>Otsides selleks täiendusi ja uuendusi, leiutab inimene järjest uusi masinaid ja seadmeid ning rakendab uusi tehnoloogiaid.</li> <li>Inimesel pole vaja töökohta vahetada ning ta hoiab sel viisil kokku aega.</li></ul> <p>Tööjaotus ja spetsialiseerumine võimaldavad ka inimeste andeid paremini kasutada. </p><p>Tööjaotust ülistades ei tohi siiski selle negatiivseid tagajärgi nagu töö rutiinsus, inimese ühekülgne areng jms kahe silma vahele jätta. </p><p>Tööjaotuse arengu taustal selgitas Smith ka <a href="/wiki/Raha" title="Raha">raha</a> tekkimist. Raha vajalikkuse põhjustas regulaarne vahetus, kus polnud võimalik kaupu vahetada üksteise vastu naturaalsel kujul. Raha oli ja on üheaegselt vahetusvahend ja <a href="/wiki/Eriline_kaup" title="Eriline kaup">eriline kaup</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tööväärtusteooriast"><span id="T.C3.B6.C3.B6v.C3.A4.C3.A4rtusteooriast"></span>Tööväärtusteooriast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Tööväärtusteooriast&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Tööväärtusteooriast&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tööjaotusega ühiskonnas, kus toodetakse turu jaoks, eelnevalt kokku leppimata tarbijaga, ei saa mööda minna pakkumise kooskõlastamise vajadusest <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B5udlus" title="Nõudlus">nõudlusega</a>. Viimane võib Smithi käsitluse järgi esineda absoluutse ja efektiivse nõudlusena. Absoluutne nõudlus väljendub nendes kaupades, mida inimesed vajavad, ent nad pole suutelised neid ostma loomuliku hinna eest. </p><p>Loomuliku hinna moodustavad Smithi käsituse järgi rent, kapitalikasum ja töötasu. Materiaalseid kulutusi ta tootmiskulude osistena ette ei näinud. </p><p>Kuna <a href="/wiki/Turumajandus" title="Turumajandus">turumajanduses</a> midagi tasuta ei jaotata, siis sõnastas ta efektiivse nõudluse. Nõudlus on efektiivne siis, kui tarbijad on suudavad tasuda ostetavate kaupade eest nende tootmiskuludele vastavat loomulikku hinda. Tänu niisugusele nõudlusele ei hakka keegi midagi huupi tootma, vaid arvestatakse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konjunktuur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Konjunktuur (pole veel kirjutatud)">konjunktuuri</a>. Ent see eeldab hinnateooria tundmist. </p><p>Smith seob hinnakujunemise väärtusteooriaga, mille aluseks on töö. Tema käsituses on kaks väärtusteooriat: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filosoofiline_v%C3%A4%C3%A4rtusteooria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Filosoofiline väärtusteooria (pole veel kirjutatud)">filosoofiline väärtusteooria</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Empiiriline_v%C3%A4%C3%A4rtusteooria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Empiiriline väärtusteooria (pole veel kirjutatud)">empiiriline väärtusteooria</a>. </p><p>Filosoofiliselt on töö kõikide väärtuste, kogu rahva heaolu ja hüvangu looja. Töö määrab ära iga kauba, iga toote väärtuse. Selle alusel vahetatakse kaupu. Nii avaldub <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4%C3%A4rtus" title="Väärtus">väärtus</a> alati vahetusväärtusena, seega töö on iga kauba vahetusväärtuse mõõt. Smith rõhutas, et esialgset väärtust ei loodud kulla ega hõbedaga, vaid ainult tööga. Kuigi majanduses ringleb raha, ei muuda see esitatud seisukohta, sest ka raha on seotud tööga. Rahas peitub teatud hulk tööd ja vastavalt sellele väärtust, millega mõõdetakse teiste kaupade väärtust. Kaupade hindade suhe on võrdne nendes kaupades sisalduvate tööhulkade suhtega. Selle vahetusteooria järgi jõudis Smith järelduseni, et töö on ainuke üldine ning täpne väärtuse mõõdupuu, ainuke vahend erinevate hüvede väärtuste võrdlemiseks kõikidel aegadel ja maades. Ent seda teooriat arendades jõudis Smith iseendaga vastuollu. Võrreldes väärtust vahetusväärtusega, avastas ta, et vahetusväärtus (hind) ei olene ainult tööst, mis on kulutatud vahetatava kauba loomiseks, vaid seda mõjutavad veel paljud asjaolud. Ummikust väljapääsu leidmiseks pöördus ta empiirilise väärtusteooria poole. See toetub kogemustele ning lähtub sellest, et kapitalismis pole tasuline mitte ainult töö, vaid ka maa ja <a href="/wiki/Kapital" title="Kapital">kapital</a>. Väärtus, mis lisatakse materiaalsetele kuludele, jaguneb kahte ossa: töötasu tööliste ülalpidamiseks ja intress, mis on tasu kapitali kasutamise eest. Põllusaaduste hinna kujunemisel tuleb arvesse veel maa rent. Seega väärtust ei kujunda ainult töö, vaid ka kapitali ja maa kasutamine, s.t. kõik tootmistegurid. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarbimine_ja_rahvastik">Tarbimine ja rahvastik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Tarbimine ja rahvastik&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Tarbimine ja rahvastik&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klassikaline majandusteadus osutas tootmisele suuremat tähelepanu kui tarbimisele. Smith püüdis oma töös "Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest" kirjeldada rahvastiku arvukust seoses tarbimise muutustega. Tema arutlus oli järgmine. </p><p>Alamklassi peredel on tavaliselt palju lapsi. Kui töölistel on madalad palgad, siis on perekonna tarbimine väga piiratud ning paljud lapsed surevad vaesuse ja viletsuse tõttu. Ühiskonnas väheneb tööjõu pakkumine ja kasvab nõudlus tööjõu järele. Selle tagajärjel palgad tõusevad, töölisperekondade elamistingimused paranevad ja rohkem lapsi jõuab täisikka. Kui tööjõu pakkumine ületab nõudluse, siis palgatase langeb ning perekondade sissetulekud vähenevad, elamistingimused halvenevad ja rahvastiku juurdekasv aeglustub. Nõnda reguleerib nõudlus tööjõu kui kauba järele rahvastiku taastootmist. Rahvastiku juurdekasv kiireneb siis, kui nõudlus ületab pakkumise, ning aeglustub siis, kui tööjõu pakkumine ületab nõudluse. Niisugune üldistus väärib tähelepanu ka tänapäeval, kaks ja pool sajandit hiljem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Maksustamispoliitika">Maksustamispoliitika</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Maksustamispoliitika&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Maksustamispoliitika&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Majandustegevus ja -areng on seotud maksupoliitikaga. Kui palju <a href="/wiki/Ettev%C3%B5tlus" title="Ettevõtlus">ettevõtluse</a> tuludest eraldada riigile ja kui palju jätta ettevõtjate käsutusse, sellest sõltub maksebilanss ja ettevõtluse tõhusus. Maksupoliitikaga võib riik tootmist ergutada, aga ka pidurdada. Maksupoliitikast sõltub ka riigi sise- ja välispoliitika. </p><p>Smithi käsitluse järgi võib isiklikel tuludel olla kolm allikat: maarent, kapitalikasum ja töötasu. </p><p>Nende allikate iseärasused mõjutavad ka tulude jaotamist, kusjuures riik peaks jälgima järgmisi maksustamise põhimõtteid: </p> <ul><li>Kodanikke tuleb maksustada <a href="/wiki/Proportsionaalne_maksus%C3%BCsteem" class="mw-redirect" title="Proportsionaalne maksusüsteem">proportsionaalselt</a>, vastavalt nende varanduse ja tulu suurusele.</li> <li>Makse tuleb sisse nõuda maksukohuslasele sobival ajal ja viisil.</li> <li>Maksusüsteemi tuleb rakendada nii, et tehnilised kulutused oleksid minimaalsed ja ametnikkond väikesearvuline.</li> <li>Maksusüsteem ei tohi pidurdada ettevõtlust ega soodustada kuritarvitamist.</li> <li>Maksudest kõrvalehoidmine on karistatav.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kapital">Kapital</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kapital&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kapital&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Smith lähtus kapitali käsitlemisel tootmise järjepidevusest ja kasvust. Ta leidis, et inimestele kuuluvast varast tarbitakse osa jooksvalt, osa aga kasutatakse tootmise jätkamiseks. Viimane moodustabki tema arvates kapitali. Ent ta lähenes ka klassikalisele määratlusele, mille kohaselt <a href="/wiki/Kasum" title="Kasum">kasum</a> on kapitali allikaks. 0sa kasumist akumuleeritakse tootmise arendamiseks, sellest kujuneb füüsiline ehk reaalkapital. </p><p>Kapitali jagas Smith kahte ossa: põhikapitaliks ja käibekapitaliks. Nende eristamise kriteeriumiks on kasum. Tema arvates loob kasumi käibekapital, mitte aga põhikapital. Põhikapital, s.o. masinad, seadmed, hooned jt., iseenesest ei käibi. Põhikapital lülitub majandustegevusse käibekapitali, s.o. materjalide, tooraine ja tööjõu vahendusel. </p><p>Smith määratles ka kapitali struktuuri. Tema järgi koosneb põhikapital masinatest, seadmetest jms., rajatistest ja ehitustest isiklikuks kasutamiseks ja kaubandustegevuseks ning maa kasutamise kuludest. </p><p>Käibekapital koosneb infrastruktuurist, mis teenindab ettevõtet, toiduainete tagavarast, tooraine ja pooltoodete tagavarast ning valmistoodete tagavarast kauplustes ja ladudes. </p><p>Kapitali rakendamisvormid olenevad rahvamajandusharust. Nii võib kapitali liigitada põllumajanduskapitaliks, tööstuskapitaliks, kaubanduskapitaliks, rahakapitaliks. </p><p>Üldiselt on Smithi majandusteaduslik käsitlus <a href="/wiki/Idealism" title="Idealism">idealistlik</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Optimism" title="Optimism">optimistlik</a>. Ta uskus inimkonna tulevikku ja oli veendunud, et majanduse areng on lõputu. Kuna tema teooria oli <a href="/wiki/Positivism" title="Positivism">positivistlik</a> ega andnud majandusnähtustele hinnanguid, siis ei pööranud ta tähelepanu majanduse arengu sotsiaalsetele tagajärgedele. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Mälestuse_jäädvustamine"><span id="M.C3.A4lestuse_j.C3.A4.C3.A4dvustamine"></span>Mälestuse jäädvustamine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Mälestuse jäädvustamine&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Mälestuse jäädvustamine&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>13. märtsil 2007 andis <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England" title="Bank of England">Bank of England</a> välja 20-naelase pangatähe, mille peal on Adam Smithi portree. Juba varem on Adam Smithi portree ilmunud ühel Šotimaa 50-naelasel rahatähel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teosed_eesti_keeles">Teosed eesti keeles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Teosed eesti keeles&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Teosed eesti keeles&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>"Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest". I köide. Sari <a href="/wiki/Avatud_Eesti_Raamat" class="mw-redirect" title="Avatud Eesti Raamat">Avatud Eesti Raamat</a>. Tõlkinud <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mart_Trummal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mart Trummal (pole veel kirjutatud)">Mart Trummal</a>, saatesõna kirjutanud <a href="/wiki/Arno_K%C3%B6%C3%B6rna" title="Arno Köörna">Arno Köörna</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ilmamaa" title="Ilmamaa">Ilmamaa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> <a href="/wiki/2005" title="2005">2005</a>, 695 lk. <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9985771680" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9985771680</a></li> <li>"Uurimus riikide rikkuse iseloomust ja põhjustest". II köide. Tõlkinud Mart Trummal. Ilmamaa, Tartu 2005, 958 lk. <a href="/wiki/Eri:Raamatuotsimine/9985771699" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9985771699</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kirjandus&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kirjandus&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Max_Laosson" title="Max Laosson">Max Laosson</a>, "Adam Smith". Sari <a href="/wiki/Suurmeeste_elulood" title="Suurmeeste elulood">Suurmeeste elulood</a>, nr. 42, <a href="/wiki/Eesti_Kirjanduse_Selts" title="Eesti Kirjanduse Selts">EKS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a> <a href="/wiki/1938" title="1938">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arno_K%C3%B6%C3%B6rna" title="Arno Köörna">Arno Köörna</a>, "Adam Smith ja tema "nähtamatu käsi"" – <a href="/wiki/Akadeemia_(ajakiri)" title="Akadeemia (ajakiri)">Akadeemia</a> <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a>, nr 5, lk 966–975</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viited">Viited</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Viited&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Viited&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Adam_Smith" class="extiw" title="q:Adam Smith">Adam Smith</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox" style=";;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6393697">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{margin:0;display:inline-block;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{white-space:nowrap;word-spacing:-0.125em;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .navbar li:not(:last-child):after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .navbar.mini li abbr[title]{border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}</style><div class="navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Mall:Klassikalised_majandusteadlased" title="Mall:Klassikalised majandusteadlased"><abbr title="Vaata seda malli">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Eri:EditPage/Mall:Klassikalised_majandusteadlased" title="Eri:EditPage/Mall:Klassikalised majandusteadlased"><abbr title="Redigeeri seda malli">r</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div style="margin:0 4em;"><a href="/wiki/Klassikaline_majandusteadus" title="Klassikaline majandusteadus">Klassikalised majandusteadlased</a></div></th></tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;;;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Francis_Hutcheson" title="Francis Hutcheson">Francis Hutcheson</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Bernard_Mandeville" title="Bernard Mandeville">Bernard Mandeville</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Adam Smith</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Say" title="Jean-Baptiste Say">Jean-Baptiste Say</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Thomas_Malthus" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Malthus">Thomas Malthus</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/wiki/James_Mill" title="James Mill">James Mill</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Place&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Place (pole veel kirjutatud)">Francis Place</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/wiki/David_Ricardo" title="David Ricardo">David Ricardo</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ramsay_McCulloch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ramsay McCulloch (pole veel kirjutatud)">John Ramsay McCulloch</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=James_Maitland,_kaheksas_Lauderdale%27i_krahv&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="James Maitland, kaheksas Lauderdale&#39;i krahv (pole veel kirjutatud)">James Maitland, kaheksas Lauderdale'i krahv</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Bentham" title="Jeremy Bentham">Jeremy Bentham</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean_Charles_L%C3%A9onard_de_Sismondi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jean Charles Léonard de Sismondi</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Johann_Heinrich_von_Th%C3%BCnen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Johann Heinrich von Thünen (pole veel kirjutatud)">Johann Heinrich von Thünen</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/wiki/John_Stuart_Mill" title="John Stuart Mill">John Stuart Mill</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_Charles_Carey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry Charles Carey (pole veel kirjutatud)">Henry Charles Carey</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Nassau_William_Senior&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nassau William Senior (pole veel kirjutatud)">Nassau William Senior</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Gibbon_Wakefield&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Gibbon Wakefield (pole veel kirjutatud)">Edward Gibbon Wakefield</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rae&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Rae (pole veel kirjutatud)">John Rae</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Bastiat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Frédéric Bastiat (pole veel kirjutatud)">Frédéric Bastiat</a>&#160;<b>·</b>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Tooke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Tooke (pole veel kirjutatud)">Thomas Tooke</a></div> </td> </tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Christoph Helferich: Geschichte der Philosophie: Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart und Östliches Denken. Springer-Verlag, 2016, ISBN 978-3-476-00760-5, s. 202.</i></span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐54f95c77b8‐njrjp Cached time: 20241112135555 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.398 seconds Real time usage: 0.525 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2295/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 14884/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1600/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 8515/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.257/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5967991/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 465.680 1 -total 61.01% 284.106 1 Mall:Infokast_persoon/Wikidata 58.51% 272.448 1 Mall:Infokast 18.26% 85.038 1 Mall:ToimetaAeg 14.14% 65.866 1 Mall:Ambox 13.68% 63.692 5 Mall:Br_eraldatud_kirjed 11.06% 51.496 1 Mall:Vikitsitaadid 10.56% 49.180 1 Mall:Sõsarprojekt 9.98% 46.463 1 Mall:Äärekast 7.98% 37.138 1 Mall:Klassikalised_majandusteadlased --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:idhash:18887-0!canonical and timestamp 20241112135555 and revision id 6363979. 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