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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Nomenclatura química – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Nomenclatura química" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="রাসায়নিক নামকরণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাসায়নিক নামকরণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B2a-ha%CC%8Dk_h%C5%8D-mi%C3%A2-hoat" title="Hòa-ha̍k hō-miâ-hoat – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Hòa-ha̍k hō-miâ-hoat" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хімічная наменклатура – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хімічная наменклатура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Химична номенклатура – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Химична номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemijska_nomenklatura" title="Hemijska nomenklatura – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Hemijska nomenklatura" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Nomenclatura química – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nomenclatura química" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Химилле номенклатура – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Химилле номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemick%C3%A9_n%C3%A1zvoslov%C3%AD" title="Chemické názvosloví – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chemické názvosloví" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatur_(Chemie)" title="Nomenklatur (Chemie) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nomenklatur (Chemie)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keemianomenklatuur" title="Keemianomenklatuur – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Keemianomenklatuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Χημική ονοματολογία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χημική ονοματολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_nomenclature" title="Chemical nomenclature – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chemical nomenclature" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Nomenclatura química – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nomenclatura química" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemia_nomenklaturo" title="Kemia nomenklaturo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kemia nomenklaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_kimiko" title="Nomenklatura kimiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nomenklatura kimiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%E2%80%8C%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A2%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="نام‌گذاری آیوپاک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نام‌گذاری آیوپاک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclature_chimique" title="Nomenclature chimique – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nomenclature chimique" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%99%94%ED%95%A9%EB%AC%BC_%EB%AA%85%EB%AA%85%EB%B2%95" title="화합물 명명법 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="화합물 명명법" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4_(%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1)" title="Անվանակարգում (քիմիա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անվանակարգում (քիմիա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="आईयूपीएसी नामपद्धति – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="आईयूपीएसी नामपद्धति" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_nama_senyawa_kimia" title="Tata nama senyawa kimia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tata nama senyawa kimia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatura_chimica" title="Nomenclatura chimica – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nomenclatura chimica" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%99%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90" title="ქიმიური ნომენკლატურა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქიმიური ნომენკლატურა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Химиялық атаулар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Химиялық атаулар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%82" title="രാസനാമകരണം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാസനാമകരണം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80" title="Химийн номенклатур – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Химийн номенклатур" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatuur_(scheikunde)" title="Nomenclatuur (scheikunde) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nomenclatuur (scheikunde)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenklatura_chemiczna" title="Nomenklatura chemiczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nomenklatura chemiczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nomenclatur%C4%83_(chimie)" title="Nomenclatură (chimie) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nomenclatură (chimie)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chhaqru-Yachaypi_sutichay" title="Chhaqru-Yachaypi sutichay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chhaqru-Yachaypi sutichay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Химическая номенклатура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Химическая номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_nomenclatur" title="Chemical nomenclatur – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Chemical nomenclatur" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8E%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C" title="ناولێنانی کیمیایی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ناولێنانی کیمیایی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemiallisten_yhdisteiden_nime%C3%A4minen" title="Kemiallisten yhdisteiden nimeäminen – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kemiallisten yhdisteiden nimeäminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хімічна номенклатура – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Хімічна номенклатура" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C%DB%82_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5_%D9%88_%D9%86%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B0%DB%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1" title="تسمیۂ عالمی اتحاد برائے خالص و نفاذی کیمیاء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تسمیۂ عالمی اتحاد برائے خالص و نفاذی کیمیاء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q6503924#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Change links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lavoisier_Nomenclature01.gif/330px-Lavoisier_Nomenclature01.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Lavoisier_Nomenclature01.gif/440px-Lavoisier_Nomenclature01.gif 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="1397" /></a><figcaption>First page of <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier" title="Antoine Lavoisier">Antoine Lavoisier</a>'s <i>Chymical Nomenclature</i> in English.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>chemical nomenclature</b> is a set of <a href="/wiki/Rule" class="mw-disambig" title="Rule">rules</a> for creating a <a href="/wiki/Nomenclature" class="mw-disambig" title="Nomenclature">system of names</a> ("nomenclature") for <a href="/wiki/Chemical" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemical">chemicals</a>. This is done so that everyone uses the same name for a chemical. The system used most often around the world today is the one created and developed by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Pure_and_Applied_Chemistry" title="International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry</a> (IUPAC). </p><p>The IUPAC's rules for naming chemical compounds are written in a series of books. The system for naming <a href="/wiki/Organic_compound" title="Organic compound">organic compounds</a> is written in the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenclature_of_Organic_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (not yet started)">Blue Book</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blue_book_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blue_book-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system for naming <a href="/wiki/Inorganic_compound" title="Inorganic compound">inorganic compounds</a> is written in the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nomenclature_of_Inorganic_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry (not yet started)">Red Book</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-redbook_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-redbook-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A third book, called the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quantities,_Units_and_Symbols_in_Physical_Chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry (not yet started)">Green Book</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-greenbook_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-greenbook-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> gives recommendations about the use of <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symbols</a> for <a href="/wiki/Physical_quantity" title="Physical quantity">physical quantities</a>. A fourth book, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compendium_of_Chemical_Terminology&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compendium of Chemical Terminology (not yet started)">Gold Book</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-goldbook_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-goldbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> contains the <a href="/wiki/Glossary" title="Glossary">definitions</a> of many of the technical terms used in chemistry. Similar books exist for <a href="/wiki/Biochemistry" title="Biochemistry">biochemistry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bio_chem_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio_chem-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Analytical_chemistry" title="Analytical chemistry">analytical chemistry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-anal_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-anal-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Macromolecular_chemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="Macromolecular chemistry">macromolecular chemistry</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-macro_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-macro-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clinical_chemistry&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clinical chemistry (not yet started)">clinical chemistry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The books do not cover everything, however. Shorter recommendations for specific circumstances are published sometimes in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Scientific_journal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scientific journal (not yet started)">journal</a> <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_nomenclature&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_nomenclature&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry</i> (3rd ed.), London: Butterworths, 1971 [1958 (A: Hydrocarbons, and B: Fundamental Heterocyclic Systems), 1965 (C: Characteristic Groups)], <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-408-70144-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-408-70144-7"><bdi>0-408-70144-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.place=London&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Butterworths&rft.date=1971&rft.isbn=0-408-70144-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+nomenclature" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blue_book-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-blue_book_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRigaudy,_J.Klesney,_S._P.1979" class="citation cs2">Rigaudy, J.; Klesney, S. P., eds. (1979), <i>Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry</i>, IUPAC/Pergamon Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-08022-3699" title="Special:BookSources/0-08022-3699"><bdi>0-08022-3699</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Organic+Chemistry&rft.pub=IUPAC%2FPergamon+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-08022-3699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+nomenclature" class="Z3988"></span>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPanico,_R.Powell,_W._H.Richer,_J._C.1993" class="citation cs2">Panico, R.; Powell, W. H.; Richer, J. C., eds. (1993), <i>A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds</i>, IUPAC/Blackwell Science, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-632-03488-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-632-03488-2"><bdi>0-632-03488-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+IUPAC+Nomenclature+of+Organic+Compounds&rft.pub=IUPAC%2FBlackwell+Science&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-632-03488-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+nomenclature" class="Z3988"></span>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFIUPAC,_Chemical_Nomenclature_and_Structure_Representation_Division" class="citation web cs1">IUPAC, Chemical Nomenclature and Structure Representation Division. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/reports/provisional/abstract04/favre_310305.html">"Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry (Provisional Recommendations)"</a>. IUPAC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nomenclature+of+Organic+Chemistry+%28Provisional+Recommendations%29&rft.pub=IUPAC&rft.au=IUPAC%2C+Chemical+Nomenclature+and+Structure+Representation+Division&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.iupac.org%2Freports%2Fprovisional%2Fabstract04%2Ffavre_310305.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+nomenclature" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-redbook-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-redbook_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2005). <i>Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry</i> (IUPAC Recommendations 2005). Cambridge (UK): RSC–IUPAC. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85404-438-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-85404-438-8">0-85404-438-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/rbook/Red_Book_2005.pdf">Electronic version</a> (PDF).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-greenbook-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-greenbook_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1993). <i>Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry</i>, 2nd edition, Oxford: Blackwell Science. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-632-03583-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-632-03583-8">0-632-03583-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/gbook/green_book_2ed.pdf">Electronic version</a> (PDF).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-goldbook-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-goldbook_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Compendium of Chemical Terminology, IMPACT Recommendations</i>, 2nd ed., Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications. (1997)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bio_chem-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-bio_chem_6-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents</i>, London: Portland Press (1992).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-anal-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-anal_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (1998). <i>Compendium of Analytical Nomenclature</i> (definitive rules 1997, 3rd. ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Science. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86542-6155" title="Special:BookSources/0-86542-6155">0-86542-6155</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-macro-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-macro_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Compendium of Macromolecular Nomenclature</i>, Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications (1991).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Compendium of Terminology and Nomenclature of Properties in Clinical Laboratory Sciences</i>, IMPACT Recommendations 1995, Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1995, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86542-612-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86542-612-0"><bdi>0-86542-612-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Compendium+of+Terminology+and+Nomenclature+of+Properties+in+Clinical+Laboratory+Sciences&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=IMPACT+Recommendations+1995&rft.pub=Blackwell+Science&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=0-86542-612-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3AChemical+nomenclature" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_nomenclature&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a 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<ul><li>Interactive <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goldbook.iupac.org/">IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a> (interactive "Gold Book")</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.iupac.org/publications/books/seriestitles/nomenclature.html">IUPAC Nomenclature Books Series</a> (list of all IUPAC nomenclature books, and means of accessing them)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iupac.org/publications/compendium/index.html">IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology</a> ("<i>Gold Book</i>")</li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9122492">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Template:Periodic_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Periodic table">Standard</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(large_version)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (large version) (not yet started)">Large table</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(wide)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (wide) (not yet started)">Inline f-block</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(vertical)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (vertical) (not yet started)">Vertical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(text_only)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (text only) (not yet started)">Text only</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(metals_and_nonmetals)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (metals and nonmetals) (not yet started)">Metals and nonmetals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Block_(periodic_table)" title="Block (periodic table)">Blocks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valence_(chemistry)#Maximum_valences_of_the_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Valence (chemistry)">Valences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_periodic_table" title="Extended periodic table">Extension beyond the 7th period</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wide_periodic_table_(large_version)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wide periodic table (large version) (not yet started)">Large wide table</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(electron_configurations)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (electron configurations) (not yet started)">Electron configurations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronegativity#Electronegativities_of_the_elements" title="Electronegativity">Electronegativities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alternative_periodic_tables&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alternative periodic tables (not yet started)">Alternatives</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Janet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Janet (not yet started)">Janet table</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Periodic_table_(crystal_structure)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Periodic table (crystal structure) (not yet started)">Crystal structure</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template:Periodic_table_(discovery_periods)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template:Periodic table (discovery periods) (not yet started)">Discovery periods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_elements" title="List of elements">List of elements</a> by</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_chemical_element_name_etymologies&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of chemical element name etymologies (not yet started)">Name etymology</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_elements_by_symbol" title="List of elements by symbol">symbol</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Timeline_of_chemical_elements_discoveries&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Timeline of chemical elements discoveries (not yet started)">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abundance_of_the_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abundance of the chemical elements (not yet started)">Abundance</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Chemical_makeup_of_the_human_body&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chemical makeup of the human body (not yet started)">in humans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_stability_of_isotopes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of elements by stability of isotopes (not yet started)">Nuclear stability</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_elements_by_atomic_properties&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of elements by atomic properties (not yet started)">Atomic properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_world_production_chemical_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of world production chemical elements (not yet started)">Production</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Datasheet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Datasheet (not yet started)">Data pages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_configurations_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron configurations of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Electron configurations</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Densities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Densities of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Densities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electron_affinity_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electron affinity (data page) (not yet started)">Electron affinities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melting_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Melting points of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Melting points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boiling_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boiling points of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Boiling points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Critical_points_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Critical points of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Critical points</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_fusion_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heats of fusion of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Heats of fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heats_of_vaporization_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heats of vaporization of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Heats of vaporization</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heat_capacities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heat capacities of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Heat capacities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vapor_pressures_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vapor pressures of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Vapor pressures</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electronegativities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electronegativities of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Pauling electronegativities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ionization energies of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Ionization energies</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atomic_radii_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Atomic radii of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Atomic radii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Electrical_resistivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Electrical resistivities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_conductivities_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Thermal conductivities</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_expansion_coefficients_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermal expansion coefficients of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Thermal expansion coefficients</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speeds_of_sound_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Speeds of sound of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Speeds of sound</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elastic_properties_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elastic properties of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Elastic properties</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hardnesses_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hardnesses of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Hardnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abundances_of_the_elements_(data_page)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abundances of the elements (data page) (not yet started)">Abundances</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_oxidation_states_of_the_elements&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of oxidation states of the elements (not yet started)">Oxidation states</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Group_(periodic_table)" title="Group (periodic table)">Groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_metal" title="Alkali metal">1 (Alkali metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal" title="Alkaline earth metal">2 (Alkaline earth metals)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_3_element" title="Group 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_4_element" title="Group 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_5_element" title="Group 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_6_element" title="Group 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_7_element" title="Group 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_8_element" title="Group 8 element">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_9_element" title="Group 9 element">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_10_element" title="Group 10 element">10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_11_element" title="Group 11 element">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_12_element" title="Group 12 element">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boron_group" title="Boron group">13 (Boron group)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbon_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon group">14 (Carbon group)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitrogen_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogen group">15 (Pnictogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcogen">16 (Chalcogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halogen" title="Halogen">17 (Halogens)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noble_gas" title="Noble gas">18 (Noble gases)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Collective_names_of_groups_of_like_elements" class="mw-redirect" title="Collective names of groups of like elements">Other element categories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Periods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">Metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transition_metal" title="Transition metal">Transition metals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalloid" title="Metalloid">Metalloids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonmetal" title="Nonmetal">Nonmetals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanide" title="Lanthanide">Lanthanides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinide" title="Actinide">Actinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superactinide" title="Superactinide">Superactinides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_element" title="Rare earth element">Rare earth elements</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platinum_group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platinum group (not yet started)">Platinum group metals</a> (PGMs)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-transition_metal" title="Post-transition metal">Post-transition metals</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Refractory_metal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Refractory metal (not yet started)">Refractory metals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Periodic_table_block" class="mw-redirect" title="Periodic table block">Blocks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S-block" title="S-block">s-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-block" class="mw-redirect" title="P-block">p-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-block" title="D-block">d-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-block" class="mw-redirect" title="F-block">f-block</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=G-block&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G-block (not yet started)">g-block</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Period_(periodic_table)" title="Period (periodic table)">Periods</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Period_1_element" title="Period 1 element">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_2_element" title="Period 2 element">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_3_element" title="Period 3 element">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_4_element" title="Period 4 element">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_5_element" title="Period 5 element">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_6_element" title="Period 6 element">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_7_element" title="Period 7 element">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Period_8_element" title="Period 8 element">8</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_9_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 9 element (not yet started)">9</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Period_10_element&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Period 10 element (not yet started)">10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Periodic_table" title="Category:Periodic table">Category:Periodic table</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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