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id="toc-1967:_Israeli_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1987:_First_Intifada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1987:_First_Intifada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 1987: First Intifada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1987:_First_Intifada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1994:_Gaza_under_Palestinian_Authority" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1994:_Gaza_under_Palestinian_Authority"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 1994: Gaza under Palestinian Authority </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1994:_Gaza_under_Palestinian_Authority-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2000:_Second_Intifada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2000:_Second_Intifada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 2000: Second Intifada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2000:_Second_Intifada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2005:_Israel's_unilateral_disengagement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2005:_Israel's_unilateral_disengagement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 2005: Israel's unilateral disengagement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2005:_Israel's_unilateral_disengagement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-2006:_Hamas_takeover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-2006:_Hamas_takeover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 Post-2006: Hamas takeover </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-2006:_Hamas_takeover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2007:_Fatah–Hamas_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2007:_Fatah–Hamas_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 2007: Fatah–Hamas conflict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2007:_Fatah–Hamas_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Egyptian_border_barrier_breach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egyptian_border_barrier_breach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10.1 Egyptian border barrier breach </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egyptian_border_barrier_breach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2008–2009:_Gaza_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2008–2009:_Gaza_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 2008–2009: Gaza War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2008–2009:_Gaza_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014:_Gaza_War" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014:_Gaza_War"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.12 2014: Gaza War </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014:_Gaza_War-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2018–2019:_Great_March_of_Return" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2018–2019:_Great_March_of_Return"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.13 2018–2019: Great March of Return </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2018–2019:_Great_March_of_Return-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2021:_Israel–Palestine_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2021:_Israel–Palestine_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.14 2021: Israel–Palestine crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2021:_Israel–Palestine_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023–2024:_Israel–Hamas_war" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023–2024:_Israel–Hamas_war"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.15 2023–2024: Israel–Hamas war </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023–2024:_Israel–Hamas_war-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Environment issues </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environment_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Governance </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Governance subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hamas_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hamas_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Hamas government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hamas_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Security </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_groups_and_ideologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_groups_and_ideologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Other groups and ideologies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_groups_and_ideologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legality_of_Hamas_rule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legality_of_Hamas_rule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Legality of Hamas rule </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legality_of_Hamas_rule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Status </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Status-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Status subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israeli_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Israeli occupation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Characterization_as_open-air_prison" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characterization_as_open-air_prison"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1.1 Characterization as open-air prison </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Characterization_as_open-air_prison-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statehood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statehood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Statehood </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Statehood-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Control_over_airspace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Control_over_airspace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Control over airspace </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Control_over_airspace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Buffer_zone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Buffer_zone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Buffer zone </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Buffer_zone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaza_blockade" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaza_blockade"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Gaza blockade </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaza_blockade-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Movement_of_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Movement_of_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5.1 Movement of people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Movement_of_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israeli_policies_following_Israeli_military_occupation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli_policies_following_Israeli_military_occupation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Israeli policies following Israeli military occupation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli_policies_following_Israeli_military_occupation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Industries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_resources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_resources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Natural resources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_resources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Society </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Society subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Health </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture_and_sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture_and_sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Culture and sports </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture_and_sports-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture and sports subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture_and_sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fine_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fine_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Fine arts </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fine_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hikaye" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hikaye"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Hikaye </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hikaye-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Archaeology </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Athletics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Athletics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.4 Athletics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Athletics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Transport </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Transport subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Land_border_crossings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_border_crossings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Land border crossings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_border_crossings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_and_radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Television and radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_sites_and_historical_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_sites_and_historical_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Archaeological sites and historical buildings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Archaeological_sites_and_historical_buildings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Archaeological sites and historical buildings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_sites_and_historical_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Archaeology_collections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeology_collections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13.1 Archaeology collections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeology_collections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.1 Footnotes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16.2 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Gaza Strip</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 141 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-141" aria-hidden="true" > 141 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galu%C3%AB_Gaza" title="Galuë Gaza – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Galuë Gaza" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasastrook" title="Gasastrook – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gasastrook" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastreifen" title="Gazastreifen – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Gazastreifen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8C%8B%E1%8B%9B_%E1%88%B5%E1%88%8B%E1%8C%A4" title="የጋዛ ስላጤ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የጋዛ ስላጤ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasa%C3%BEwang" title="Gasaþwang – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gasaþwang" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9" title="قطاع غزة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قطاع غزة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francha_de_Gaza" title="Francha de Gaza – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Francha de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franxa_de_Gaza" title="Franxa de Gaza – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Franxa de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvypeh%E1%BA%BD_G%C3%A1sa" title="Yvypehẽ Gása – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvypehẽ Gása" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C9%99zza_zola%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Qəzza zolağı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qəzza zolağı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%BA%DB%8C" title="غزه زولاغی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="غزه زولاغی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%A3%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="গাজা ভূখণ্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গাজা ভূখণ্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_T%C3%B2a" title="Gaza Tòa – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Gaza Tòa" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%92%D3%99%D0%B7%D0%B7%D3%99_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Ғәззә секторы – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ғәззә секторы" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сектар Газа – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сектар Газа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%8D%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сэктар Газа – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сэктар Газа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="गाजा पट्टी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="गाजा पट्टी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Ивица Газа – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Ивица Газа" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pojas_Gaze" title="Pojas Gaze – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Pojas Gaze" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandenn_Gaza" title="Bandenn Gaza – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bandenn Gaza" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franja_de_Gaza" title="Franja de Gaza – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Franja de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Газа Сектор – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Газа Сектор" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1smo_Gazy" title="Pásmo Gazy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pásmo Gazy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llain_Gaza" title="Llain Gaza – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llain Gaza" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastriben" title="Gazastriben – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gazastriben" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9" title="قطاع غزة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="قطاع غزة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastreifen" title="Gazastreifen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gazastreifen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_sektor" title="Gaza sektor – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gaza sektor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CF%89%CF%81%CE%AF%CE%B4%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%B6%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Λωρίδα της Γάζας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λωρίδα της Γάζας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franja_de_Gaza" title="Franja de Gaza – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Franja de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazaa_Sektoro" title="Gazaa Sektoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gazaa Sektoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franja_de_Gaza" title="Franja de Gaza – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Franja de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazako_zerrenda" title="Gazako zerrenda – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gazako zerrenda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87" title="نوار غزه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوار غزه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasageirin" title="Gasageirin – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gasageirin" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bande_de_Gaza" title="Bande de Gaza – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bande de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastripe" title="Gazastripe – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gazastripe" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciifol_Gaaza" title="Ciifol Gaaza – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Ciifol Gaaza" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striche_di_Gaze" title="Striche di Gaze – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Striche di Gaze" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Str%C3%A1ice_Gaza" title="Stráice Gaza – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Stráice Gaza" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straih_Gaza" title="Straih Gaza – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Straih Gaza" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raon_Gh%C3%A0sa" title="Raon Ghàsa – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Raon Ghàsa" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franxa_de_Gaza" title="Franxa de Gaza – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Franxa de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%80%EC%9E%90_%EC%A7%80%EA%B5%AC" title="가자 지구 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="가자 지구" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zirin_Gaza" title="Zirin Gaza – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Zirin Gaza" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB_%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE" title="Գազայի հատված – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գազայի հատված" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="गाज़ा पट्टी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गाज़ा पट्टी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pojas_Gaze" title="Pojas Gaze – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pojas Gaze" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza-strio" title="Gaza-strio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gaza-strio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalur_Gaza" title="Jalur Gaza – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jalur Gaza" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_de_Gaza" title="Banda de Gaza – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Banda de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strie_de_Gaza" title="Strie de Gaza – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Strie de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%C3%A6%D0%B9%D1%8B_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Газæйы Сектор – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Газæйы Сектор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gasastr%C3%B6ndin" title="Gasaströndin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gasaströndin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striscia_di_Gaza" title="Striscia di Gaza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Striscia di Gaza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%94" title="רצועת עזה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="רצועת עזה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lurung_Gaza" title="Lurung Gaza – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Lurung Gaza" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%9C%E0%B2%BE_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF" title="ಗಾಜಾ ಪಟ್ಟಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗಾಜಾ ಪಟ್ಟಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ღაზის სექტორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ღაზის სექტორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%DB%81_%D9%BE%D9%94%D9%B9" title="غزہ پٔٹ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="غزہ پٔٹ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Газа секторы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Газа секторы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konna_Gasa" title="Konna Gasa – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Konna Gasa" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukanda_wa_Gaza" title="Ukanda wa Gaza – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukanda wa Gaza" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eir%C3%AEta_Xezey%C3%AA" title="Şirîta Xezeyê – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Şirîta Xezeyê" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banda_de_Gaza" title="Banda de Gaza – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Banda de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2" title="ສະໜວນກາຊາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ສະໜວນກາຊາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacinia_Gazetica" title="Lacinia Gazetica – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lacinia Gazetica" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazas_josla" title="Gazas josla – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gazas josla" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastr%C3%A4if" title="Gazasträif – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gazasträif" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%93%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сектор Гъазза – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сектор Гъазза" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazos_Ruo%C5%BEas" title="Gazos Ruožas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gazos Ruožas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastrook" title="Gazastrook – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Gazastrook" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striscia_de_Gaza" title="Striscia de Gaza – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Striscia de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1zai_%C3%B6vezet" title="Gázai övezet – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gázai övezet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="गाजा पट्टी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="गाजा पट्टी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Појас Газа – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Појас Газа" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salavantanin%27_i_Gaza" title="Salavantanin' i Gaza – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Salavantanin' i Gaza" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D" title="ഗാസാ മുനമ്പ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗാസാ മുനമ്പ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="गाझा पट्टी – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गाझा पट्टी" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%A8_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ღაზაშ სექტორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ღაზაშ სექტორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87" title="قطاع غزه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قطاع غزه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87" title="غزه – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="غزه" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genting_Gaza" title="Genting Gaza – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Genting Gaza" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalur_Gaza" title="Jalur Gaza – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Jalur Gaza" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Газын зурвас – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Газын зурвас" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastrook" title="Gazastrook – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gazastrook" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80" title="गाजा पट्टी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गाजा पट्टी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AC%E3%82%B6%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="ガザ地区 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ガザ地区" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="ГӀазза – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ГӀазза" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastrimel" title="Gazastrimel – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Gazastrimel" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastripen" title="Gazastripen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gazastripen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastripa" title="Gazastripa – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gazastripa" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listra_de_Gaza" title="Listra de Gaza – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Listra de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%CA%BBazo_sektori" title="Gʻazo sektori – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gʻazo sektori" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਗਾਜ਼ਾ ਪੱਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗਾਜ਼ਾ ਪੱਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%DB%81_%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="غزہ دی پٹی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="غزہ دی پٹی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faha_di_Gaza" title="Faha di Gaza – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Faha di Gaza" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%DB%90_%D8%AA%DA%93%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AB%D9%87" title="غزې تړانګه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="غزې تړانګه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%8A%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%87%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6" title="ដែនជ្រោយកាសា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ដែនជ្រោយកាសា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strefa_Gazy" title="Strefa Gazy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Strefa Gazy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faixa_de_Gaza" title="Faixa de Gaza – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Faixa de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A2%C8%99ia_Gaza" title="Fâșia Gaza – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fâșia Gaza" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Сектор Газа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сектор Газа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9C%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A1%E1%B1%9F_%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B4%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F" title="ᱜᱟᱡᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱜᱟᱡᱟ ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%B2ngia_de_Gaza" title="Fròngia de Gaza – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Fròngia de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gaza Strip" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rripi_i_Gaz%C3%ABs" title="Rripi i Gazës – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rripi i Gazës" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F_%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%93%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="ගාසා තීරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ගාසා තීරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gaza Strip" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%D9%87_%D8%AC%D9%8A_%D9%BE%D9%BD%D9%8A" title="غزه جي پٽي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="غزه جي پٽي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1smo_Gazy" title="Pásmo Gazy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pásmo Gazy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza" title="Gaza – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gaza" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marinka_Qasa" title="Marinka Qasa – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Marinka Qasa" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%BA%DB%95%D8%B2%D8%B2%DB%95" title="کەرتی غەززە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەرتی غەززە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%98%D0%B0%D1%81_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5" title="Појас Газе – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Појас Газе" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pojas_Gaze" title="Pojas Gaze – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pojas Gaze" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalur_Gaza" title="Jalur Gaza – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jalur Gaza" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazan_kaista" title="Gazan kaista – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gazan kaista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazaremsan" title="Gazaremsan – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gazaremsan" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piraso_ng_Gaza" title="Piraso ng Gaza – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Piraso ng Gaza" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%88" title="காசாக்கரை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காசாக்கரை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azawag_n_%C6%94azza" title="Azawag n Ɣazza – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Azawag n Ɣazza" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B2" title="ฉนวนกาซา – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฉนวนกาซา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8_%D2%92%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B0" title="Навори Ғазза – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Навори Ғазза" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazze_%C5%9Eeridi" title="Gazze Şeridi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gazze Şeridi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8" title="Сектор Гази – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сектор Гази" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B2%DB%81_%D9%BE%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="غزہ پٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="غزہ پٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strisa_de_Gaza" title="Strisa de Gaza – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Strisa de Gaza" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazan_sektor" title="Gazan sektor – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Gazan sektor" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%E1%BA%A3i_Gaza" title="Dải Gaza – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Dải Gaza" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binde_di_Gaza" title="Binde di Gaza – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Binde di Gaza" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gaza Strip" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%A6" title="加沙地带 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加沙地带" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%94_%D7%A4%D7%90%D7%A1" title="עזה פאס – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="עזה פאס" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Gaza Strip" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E8%B5%B0%E5%BB%8A" title="加沙走廊 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加沙走廊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazastro%C3%B4ke" title="Gazastroôke – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Gazastroôke" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E6%B2%99%E5%9C%B0%E5%B8%A6" title="加沙地带 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="加沙地带" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalur_Gajah" title="Jalur Gajah – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Jalur Gajah" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rangrang_Gaza" title="Rangrang Gaza – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Rangrang Gaza" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Autonomous territory in the Middle East</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Palestinian territory. For the city, see <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>. For the governorate in Palestine, see <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza Governorate</a>. For the 2002 film, see <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_(film)" title="Gaza Strip (film)">Gaza Strip (film)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output 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.ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Gaza Strip</div><div class="ib-country-names"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>قطاع غزة</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of the Gaza Strip"><img alt="Flag of the Gaza Strip" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/125px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/188px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/250px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></div> </div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of the Gaza Strip">Palestinian flag</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Strip_in_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_Strip_in_Palestine.svg/220px-Gaza_Strip_in_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_Strip_in_Palestine.svg/330px-Gaza_Strip_in_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_Strip_in_Palestine.svg/440px-Gaza_Strip_in_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="639" data-file-height="736" /></a>Location of the Gaza Strip (in red)</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Strip_map2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gaza_Strip_map2.svg/220px-Gaza_Strip_map2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gaza_Strip_map2.svg/330px-Gaza_Strip_map2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Gaza_Strip_map2.svg/440px-Gaza_Strip_map2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="725" data-file-height="888" /></a>Detailed map of the Gaza Strip</div><div><a href="/wiki/File:OCHA_OpT_September_2023_map_of_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/OCHA_OpT_September_2023_map_of_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf/page1-220px-OCHA_OpT_September_2023_map_of_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/OCHA_OpT_September_2023_map_of_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf/page1-330px-OCHA_OpT_September_2023_map_of_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/OCHA_OpT_September_2023_map_of_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf/page1-440px-OCHA_OpT_September_2023_map_of_the_Gaza_Strip.pdf.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4950" data-file-height="7085" /></a><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">UN OCHA</a> detailed map, September 2023</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Under the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian National Authority</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a><a href="#cite_note-nyt_mideast-accord-1">[1]</a></li> <li>De facto <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">administered</a> by <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> since 14 June 2007, with an ongoing military operation in the Gaza Strip conducted by the <a href="/wiki/IDF" class="mw-redirect" title="IDF">IDF</a> since 27 October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-4">[a]</a></li> <li>Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[b]</a></li> <li>Regarded as an <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">occupied territory</a> even prior to 2023 due to the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Gaza blockade</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[c]</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Gaza_Strip&params=31_30_53_N_34_27_15_E_type:city">31°30′53″N 34°27′15″E / 31.51472°N 34.45417°E / 31.51472; 34.45417</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[7]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>99% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Sunni Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">official</a>)</li><li><1% <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christianity</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Gazan Palestinian</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Hamas Chief in the Gaza Strip<a href="#cite_note-12">[8]</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Sinwar" title="Mohammed Sinwar">Mohammed Sinwar</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">Head of government</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Essam_al-Da%27alis" title="Essam al-Da'alis">Essam al-Da'alis</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Gaza Strip">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">365 km2 (141 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Gaza Strip">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2,141,643<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">5,967.5/km2 (15,455.8/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Israeli_new_shekel" title="Israeli new shekel">Israeli new shekel</a> <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pound" title="Egyptian pound">Egyptian pound</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[10]</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+2 (<a href="/wiki/Palestine_Standard_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Standard Time">Palestine Standard Time</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>+3 (<a href="/wiki/Palestine_Summer_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine Summer Time">Palestine Summer Time</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/%2B970" class="mw-redirect" title="+970">+970</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:PS" title="ISO 3166-2:PS">PS</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The Gaza Strip (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈɡɑːzə/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/8\/80\/Gaza_pronunciation.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Gaza pronunciation.mp3"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Gaza_pronunciation.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_pronunciation.mp3" title="File:Gaza pronunciation.mp3">ⓘ</a>;<a href="#cite_note-OED-Gaza_Strip-15">[11]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: قِطَاعُ غَزَّةَ Qiṭāʿ Ġazzah <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[qɪˈtˤɑːʕ ˈɣaz.za]</a>), also known simply as Gaza, is a small territory located on the eastern coast of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>; it is the smaller of the two <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>, the other being the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, that make up the <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>. Inhabited by mostly <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees and their descendants</a>, Gaza is one of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">most densely populated territories in the world</a>. Gaza is bordered by <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> on the southwest and <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> on the east and north. The territory has been under <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli occupation</a> since <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[12]</a> The territorial boundaries were established while Gaza <a href="/wiki/Administration_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Administration of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">was controlled</a> by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Kingdom of Egypt">Egypt</a> at the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Arab–Israeli war">1948 Arab–Israeli war</a>, and it became a refuge for Palestinians who <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">fled or were expelled</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-18">[14]</a> Later, during the 1967 <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, Israel captured and occupied the Gaza Strip, initiating <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">its decades-long military occupation</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:5-17">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-18">[14]</a> The mid-1990s <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> established the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> (PA) as a limited governing authority, initially led by the <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular</a> party <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> until that party's <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">electoral defeat in 2006</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islamic</a> <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>. Hamas would then take over the <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">governance of Gaza</a> in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">a battle</a> the next year,<a href="#cite_note-auto1-19">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-20">[16]</a> subsequently warring with Israel. The restrictions on movement and goods in Gaza imposed by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> date back to the early 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a> In 2005, Israel <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">unilaterally withdrew its military forces</a> from Gaza, dismantled <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">its settlements</a>, and implemented a temporary <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade of Gaza</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:9-22">[18]</a> The blockade became indefinite after the 2007 Hamas takeover.<a href="#cite_note-:8-23">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-22">[18]</a> Egypt also began its blockade of Gaza in 2007. Despite the Israeli disengagement, Gaza is <a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">still considered</a> occupied by Israel under <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-occ-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a> The current blockade prevents people and goods from freely entering or leaving the territory, leading to Gaza often being called an "open-air prison".<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-open-air_prison-27">[23]</a> The UN, as well as at least 19 human-rights organizations, have urged Israel to lift the blockade.<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> Israel has justified its blockade on the strip with wanting to stop flow of arms, but Palestinians and rights groups say it amounts to <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a> and exacerbates dire living conditions. Prior to the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>, Hamas had said that it did not want a military escalation in Gaza partially to prevent exacerbating the humanitarian crisis after the 2021 conflict.<a href="#cite_note-nytib-29">[25]</a> A tightened blockade since the start of the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a> has contributed to an <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_famine" title="Gaza Strip famine">ongoing famine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> The Gaza Strip is 41 kilometres (25 miles) long, from 6 to 12 km (3.7 to 7.5 mi) wide, and has a total area of 365 km2 (141 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Arnon-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a> With around 2 million <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a> on approximately 365 km2 (141 sq mi) of land, Gaza has one of the world's highest <a href="/wiki/Population_densities" class="mw-redirect" title="Population densities">population densities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nbcpd-32">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-arc-33">[29]</a> More than 70% of Gaza's population are <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a>, half of whom are under the age of 18.<a href="#cite_note-Norman_G._Finkelstein-34">[30]</a> Sunni Muslims make up most of Gaza's population, with a <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christian</a> minority. Gaza has an annual population growth rate of 1.99% (2023 est.), the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population_growth_rate" title="List of countries by population growth rate">39th-highest</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a> Gaza's unemployment rate is among the highest in the world, with an overall unemployment rate of 46% and a youth unemployment rate of 70%.<a href="#cite_note-:8-23">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-35">[31]</a> Despite this, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate" title="List of countries by literacy rate">area's 97% literacy rate is higher</a> than that of nearby <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, while youth literacy is 88%.<a href="#cite_note-auto-36">[32]</a> Gaza has throughout the years been seen as a source of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a> and resistance.<a href="#cite_note-Sara_M._Roy-37">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-39">[35]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:auto;"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip"><img alt="Gaza Strip" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza</a> </th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above"> <a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Palestine"><img alt="Emblem of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/23px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/35px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg/46px-Coat_of_arms_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="815" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Gaza">Government of Gaza</a> </td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 220px; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:GazaStripGovernatesNonLabeled.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/GazaStripGovernatesNonLabeled.svg/220px-GazaStripGovernatesNonLabeled.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="416" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/GazaStripGovernatesNonLabeled.svg/330px-GazaStripGovernatesNonLabeled.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/GazaStripGovernatesNonLabeled.svg/440px-GazaStripGovernatesNonLabeled.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="222" data-file-height="420" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:136.56px; top:43.326px"><a href="/wiki/North_Gaza_Governorate" title="North Gaza Governorate">North Gaza</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:112.8px; top:103.408px"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:108.4px; top:115.992px"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">GAZA CITY</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:71px; top:185.336px"><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah_Governorate" title="Deir al-Balah Governorate">Deir al-Balah</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:52.322px; top:285.986px"><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Governorate" title="Khan Yunis Governorate">Khan Yunis</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:63.322px; top:351.986px"><a href="/wiki/Rafah_Governorate" title="Rafah Governorate">Rafah</a></div> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Gaza_Strip" title="Template:Gaza Strip"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Gaza_Strip" title="Template talk:Gaza Strip"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Gaza_Strip" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Gaza Strip"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Gaza" title="History of Gaza">History of Gaza City</a></div> Historically part of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine region">Palestine region</a>, the area was controlled since the 16th century by the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>; in 1906, the Ottomans and the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a> set <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border" title="Egypt–Gaza border">the region's international border</a> with <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-40">[36]</a> With the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a> in <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> and the subsequent <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_the_Ottoman_Empire" title="Partition of the Ottoman Empire">partition of the Ottoman Empire</a>, the British deferred the governance of the Gaza Strip area to Egypt, which declined the responsibility.<a href="#cite_note-41">[37]</a> Britain itself kept and ruled the territory it occupied in 1917–18, from 1920 until 1948 under the internationally accepted frame of "<a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1948–1959:_All-Palestine_government">1948–1959: All-Palestine government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a> and <a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a></div> During the <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestine_war" title="1948 Palestine war">1948 Palestine war</a> and more specifically the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>, tens of thousands of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a> <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight" title="1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight">fled or were expelled</a> to the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-42">[38]</a> By the end of the war, 25% of Mandatory Palestine's <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> population was in Gaza, though the Strip constituted only 1% of the land.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201471-72-43">[39]</a> The same year, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (<a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a>) was established to administer various refugee programmes.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201476-44">[40]</a> On 22 September 1948 (near the end of the Arab–Israeli War), in the Egyptian-occupied <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> proclaimed the All-Palestine Government, partly to limit <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Transjordan</a>'s influence over Palestine. The All-Palestine Protectorate was quickly recognized by six of the Arab League's then-seven members (excluding Transjordan): Egypt, <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[41]</a> After the cessation of hostilities, the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Egypt_Armistice_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Egypt Armistice Agreement">Israel–Egypt Armistice Agreement</a> of 24 February 1949 established the line of separation between Egyptian and Israeli forces, as well as the modern boundary between Gaza and Israel, which both signatories declared not to be an international border. The southern border with Egypt was unchanged.<a href="#cite_note-:4-40">[36]</a> Palestinians living in Gaza or Egypt were issued All-Palestine passports. Egypt did not offer them citizenship. From the end of 1949, they received aid directly from UNRWA. During the <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a> (1956), Gaza and the <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a> were occupied by Israeli troops, who withdrew under international pressure. The All-Palestine government was accused of being little more than a façade for Egyptian control, with negligible independent funding or influence. It subsequently moved to <a href="/wiki/Cairo" title="Cairo">Cairo</a> and dissolved in 1959 by decree of Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Gamal_Abdul_Nasser" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamal Abdul Nasser">Gamal Abdul Nasser</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1956–1957:_Israeli_occupation">1956–1957: Israeli occupation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Suez_Crisis" title="Suez Crisis">Suez Crisis</a></div><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Strip_(997008872766305171.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gaza_Strip_%28997008872766305171.jpg/220px-Gaza_Strip_%28997008872766305171.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gaza_Strip_%28997008872766305171.jpg/330px-Gaza_Strip_%28997008872766305171.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gaza_Strip_%28997008872766305171.jpg/440px-Gaza_Strip_%28997008872766305171.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1347" /></a><figcaption>Palestinians in an outdoor market in the Gaza Strip in 1956</figcaption></figure> During the 1956 Suez Crisis (the Second Arab–Israeli war), Israel invaded Gaza and the Sinai Peninsula. On 3 November, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> (IDF) attacked Egyptian and Palestinian forces at <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Varble,_Derek,_p._45-46">[42]</a> The city of Khan Yunis resisted being captured, and Israel responded with a heavy bombing campaign that inflicted heavy civilian casualties.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201496-47">[43]</a> After a fierce battle, the Israeli 37th Armored Brigade's <a href="/wiki/M4_Sherman" title="M4 Sherman">Sherman tanks</a> broke through the heavily fortified lines outside of Khan Yunis held by the 86th Palestinian Brigade.<a href="#cite_note-Varble,_Derek,_p._46-48">[44]</a> After some street-fighting with Egyptian soldiers and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen" title="Palestinian fedayeen">Palestinian fedayeen</a>, Khan Yunis fell to the Israelis.<a href="#cite_note-Varble,_Derek,_p._46-48">[44]</a> Upon capturing Khan Yunis, the IDF committed <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">an alleged massacre</a>.<a href="#cite_note-lat3-49">[45]</a> Israeli troops started executing unarmed Palestinians, mostly civilians; in one instance men were lined up against walls in central square and executed with <a href="/wiki/Machine_gun" title="Machine gun">machine guns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201497-50">[46]</a> The claims of a massacre were reported to the United Nations General Assembly on 15 December 1956 by UNRWA director <a href="/wiki/Henry_Richardson_Labouisse_Jr." title="Henry Richardson Labouisse Jr.">Henry Labouisse</a>, who reported from "trustworthy sources" that 275 people were killed in the massacre, of which 140 were refugees and 135 local residents.<a href="#cite_note-51">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sacco2-52">[48]</a> On 12 November, days after the hostilities had ended, Israel <a href="/wiki/1956_Rafah_massacre" title="1956 Rafah massacre">killed 111 people</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_refugee_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah refugee camp">Rafah refugee camp</a> during Israeli operations, provoking international criticism.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201499-100-53">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-lat3-49">[45]</a> Israel ended the occupation in March 1957, amid international pressure. During the four-month Israeli occupation, 900–1,231 people were killed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014105-54">[50]</a> According to French historian <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Filiu" title="Jean-Pierre Filiu">Jean-Pierre Filiu</a>, 1% of the population of Gaza was killed, wounded, imprisoned or tortured during the occupation.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014105-54">[50]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1959–1967:_Egyptian_occupation">1959–1967: Egyptian occupation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Che_Guevara_in_Gaza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Che_Guevara_in_Gaza.jpg/220px-Che_Guevara_in_Gaza.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Che_Guevara_in_Gaza.jpg/330px-Che_Guevara_in_Gaza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Che_Guevara_in_Gaza.jpg/440px-Che_Guevara_in_Gaza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a> visiting Gaza in 1959</figcaption></figure>After the dissolution of the All-Palestine Government in 1959, under the excuse of pan-Arabism, Egypt continued to occupy Gaza until 1967. Egypt never annexed the Strip, but instead treated it as a controlled territory and administered it through a military governor.<a href="#cite_note-55">[51]</a> The influx of over 200,000 refugees from former Mandatory Palestine, roughly a quarter of <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">those who fled or were expelled from their homes</a> during, and in the aftermath of, the 1948 Arab–Israeli War into Gaza<a href="#cite_note-56">[52]</a> resulted in a dramatic decrease in the standard of living. Because the Egyptian government restricted movement to and from Gaza, its inhabitants could not look elsewhere for gainful employment.<a href="#cite_note-JB-57">[53]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1967:_Israeli_occupation">1967: Israeli occupation</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Governorate" title="Israeli Military Governorate">Israeli Military Governorate</a></div> In June 1967, during the Six-Day War, IDF captured Gaza. Under the then head of Israel's Southern Command <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>, dozens of Palestinians, suspected of being members of the resistance, were executed without trial.<a href="#cite_note-58">[54]</a> Between 1967 and 1968, Israel evicted approximately 75,000 residents of the Gaza Strip who Golda Meir described as a "fifth column". In addition, at least 25,000 Gazan residents were prevented from returning after the 1967 war. Ultimately, the Strip lost 25% (a conservative estimate) of its prewar population between 1967 and 1968.<a href="#cite_note-59">[55]</a> In 1970-1971 <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a> implemented what became known as a 'five finger' strategy, which consisted in creating military areas and settlements by breaking the Strip into five zones to better enable Israeli occupation, settlement and, by discontinuous fragmentation of the Palestinian zones created, allow an efficient management of the area. Thousands of homes were bulldozed and large numbers of Bedouin families were exiled to the Sinai.<a href="#cite_note-60">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[57]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[58]</a> Between 1973 (after the <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a>) and 1987, official policy on economic development in the Gaza Strip remained the same as in 1969 with limited local investment and economic opportunity coming primarily from employment in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-:7-63">[59]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Strip_(997009324715105171.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gaza_Strip_%28997009324715105171.jpg/220px-Gaza_Strip_%28997009324715105171.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gaza_Strip_%28997009324715105171.jpg/330px-Gaza_Strip_%28997009324715105171.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Gaza_Strip_%28997009324715105171.jpg/440px-Gaza_Strip_%28997009324715105171.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="607" /></a><figcaption>Gaza City in 1967</figcaption></figure> According to <a href="/wiki/Tom_Segev" title="Tom Segev">Tom Segev</a>, moving the Palestinians out of the country had been a persistent element of Zionist thinking from early times.<a href="#cite_note-TSegev-64">[60]</a> In December 1967, during a meeting at which the <a href="/wiki/Security_Cabinet_of_Israel" title="Security Cabinet of Israel">Security Cabinet</a> <a href="/wiki/Brainstorming" title="Brainstorming">brainstormed</a> about what to do with the Arab population of the newly occupied territories, one of the suggestions Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Levi_Eshkol" title="Levi Eshkol">Levi Eshkol</a> proffered regarding Gaza was that the people might leave if Israel restricted their access to water supplies.<a href="#cite_note-65">[61]</a> A number of measures, including financial incentives, were taken shortly afterwards to begin to encourage Gazans to emigrate elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-TSegev-64">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[62]</a> Following the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, "various international agencies struggled to respond" and <a href="/wiki/American_Near_East_Refugee_Aid" title="American Near East Refugee Aid">American Near East Refugee Aid</a> was founded to help victims of the conflict by providing immediate emergency relief.<a href="#cite_note-67">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Hadani_collection_(990044372600205171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044372600205171%29.jpg/220px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044372600205171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044372600205171%29.jpg/330px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044372600205171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044372600205171%29.jpg/440px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044372600205171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3296" data-file-height="2040" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers in Gaza in 1969</figcaption></figure> Subsequent to this military victory, Israel created the first <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">Israeli settlement</a> bloc in the Strip, <a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif" title="Gush Katif">Gush Katif</a>, in the southwest corner near <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a> and the Egyptian border on a spot where a <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Darom" title="Kfar Darom">small kibbutz</a> had previously existed for 18 months between 1946 and 1948. The kibbutz community had been established as part of the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Agency_for_Israel" title="Jewish Agency for Israel">Jewish Agency's</a> "<a href="/wiki/11_points_in_the_Negev" title="11 points in the Negev">11 points in the Negev</a>" plan, in which 11 Jewish villages were built across the Negev in a single night as a response to the <a href="/wiki/Morrison-Grady_Plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Morrison-Grady Plan">Morrison-Grady Plan</a>, which threatened to exclude the Negev from a future Jewish State. In total, between 1967 and 2005, Israel established 21 settlements in Gaza, comprising 20% of the total territory. The <a href="/wiki/Gross_national_product" class="mw-redirect" title="Gross national product">economic growth rate</a> from 1967 to 1982 averaged roughly 9.7 percent per annum, due in good part to expanded income from work opportunities inside Israel, which had a major utility for the latter by supplying the country with a large unskilled and semi-skilled workforce. Gaza's agricultural sector was adversely affected as one-third of the Strip was appropriated by Israel, competition for scarce water resources stiffened, and the lucrative cultivation of citrus declined with the advent of Israeli policies, such as prohibitions on planting new trees and taxation that gave breaks to Israeli producers, factors which militated against growth. Gaza's direct exports of these products to Western markets, as opposed to Arab markets, was prohibited except through Israeli marketing vehicles, in order to assist Israeli citrus exports to the same markets. The overall result was that large numbers of farmers were forced out of the agricultural sector. Israel placed quotas on all goods exported from Gaza, while abolishing restrictions on the flow of Israeli goods into the Strip. <a href="/wiki/Sara_Roy" title="Sara Roy">Sara Roy</a> characterised the pattern as one of structural de-development.<a href="#cite_note-:7-63">[59]</a> On 26 March 1979, Israel and Egypt signed the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">Egypt–Israel peace treaty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[64]</a> Among other things, the treaty provided for the withdrawal by Israel of its armed forces and civilians from the Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had captured during the Six-Day War. The Egyptians agreed to keep the Sinai Peninsula demilitarized. The final status of the Gaza Strip, and other relations between Israel and Palestinians, was not dealt with in the treaty. Egypt renounced all territorial claims to territory north of the international border. The Gaza Strip remained under Israeli military administration. The Israeli military became responsible for the maintenance of civil facilities and services. After the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace treaty, a 100-meter-wide buffer zone between Gaza and Egypt known as the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphi_Route" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphi Route">Philadelphi Route</a> was established. The international border along the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphi_corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphi corridor">Philadelphi corridor</a> between Egypt and Gaza is 11 kilometres (7 miles) long. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1987:_First_Intifada">1987: First Intifada</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip,_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/220px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/330px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg/440px-Intifada_in_Gaza_Strip%2C_1987_VI_Dan_Hadani_Archive.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2316" data-file-height="1510" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers opposite Palestinian protesters in the strip during the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a> in 1987</figcaption></figure> The First Intifada was a sustained series of protests and violent riots carried out by <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> and Israel.<a href="#cite_note-69">[65]</a> It was motivated by collective Palestinian frustration over Israel's military occupation of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the Gaza Strip, as it approached a twenty-year mark, having begun after Israel's victory in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">1967 Arab–Israeli War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_5-70">[66]</a> The uprising lasted from December 1987 until the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a>, though some date its conclusion to 1993, with the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>. The intifada began on 9 December 1987,<a href="#cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_5-70">[66]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jabalia_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabalia Camp">Jabalia</a> <a href="/wiki/Refugee_camp" title="Refugee camp">refugee camp</a> of the Gaza Strip after an Israeli army truck collided with a civilian car, killing four Palestinian workers.<a href="#cite_note-OmerMan2001-71">[67]</a> Palestinians charged that the collision was a deliberate response for the killing of an Israeli in Gaza days earlier.<a href="#cite_note-72">[68]</a> Israel denied that the crash, which came at time of heightened tensions, was intentional or coordinated.<a href="#cite_note-73">[69]</a> The Palestinian response was characterized by protests, <a href="/wiki/Civil_disobedience" title="Civil disobedience">civil disobedience</a>, and violence.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lustick_1993_560–594-75">[71]</a> There was <a href="/wiki/Graffiti" title="Graffiti">graffiti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barricade" title="Barricade">barricading</a>,<a href="#cite_note-BBC_NEWS-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walid_Salem_2005,_pp._179-77">[73]</a> and widespread <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone-throwing" title="Palestinian stone-throwing">throwing of stones</a> and <a href="/wiki/Molotov_cocktail" title="Molotov cocktail">Molotov cocktails</a> at the IDF and its infrastructure within the West Bank and Gaza Strip. These contrasted with civil efforts including <a href="/wiki/General_strikes" class="mw-redirect" title="General strikes">general strikes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycotts</a> of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Israeli Civil Administration</a> institutions in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, an economic <a href="/wiki/Boycott" title="Boycott">boycott</a> consisting of refusal to work in Israeli settlements on Israeli products, refusal to pay taxes, and refusal to drive Palestinian cars with Israeli licenses.<a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-74">[70]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lustick_1993_560–594-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC_NEWS-76">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1994:_Gaza_under_Palestinian_Authority">1994: Gaza under Palestinian Authority</h3></div> In May 1994, following the Palestinian-Israeli agreements known as the Oslo Accords, a phased transfer of governmental authority to the Palestinians took place. Much of the Strip came under Palestinian control, except for the settlement blocs and military areas. The Israeli forces left Gaza City and other urban areas, leaving the new Palestinian Authority to administer and police those areas. The Palestinian Authority, led by <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>, chose Gaza City as its first provincial headquarters. In September 1995, Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization" title="Palestine Liberation Organization">Palestine Liberation Organization</a> (PLO) signed <a href="/wiki/Interim_Agreement_on_the_West_Bank_and_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip">a second agreement</a>, extending the Palestinian Authority to most West Bank towns. Between 1994 and 1996, Israel built the <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_barrier" title="Gaza–Israel barrier">Gaza–Israel barrier</a> to improve security in Israel. The barrier was largely torn down by Palestinians at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> in September 2000.<a href="#cite_note-Doron_Almog-78">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000:_Second_Intifada">2000: Second Intifada</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IDF-D9-demolishes-Palestinian-structure-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/IDF-D9-demolishes-Palestinian-structure-01.jpg/220px-IDF-D9-demolishes-Palestinian-structure-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/IDF-D9-demolishes-Palestinian-structure-01.jpg/330px-IDF-D9-demolishes-Palestinian-structure-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/IDF-D9-demolishes-Palestinian-structure-01.jpg/440px-IDF-D9-demolishes-Palestinian-structure-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="472" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>An <a href="/wiki/IDF_Caterpillar_D9" title="IDF Caterpillar D9">IDF Caterpillar D9</a> <a href="/wiki/Armored_bulldozer" title="Armored bulldozer">armored bulldozer</a> demolishing a house in the Gaza Strip during the Second Intifada</figcaption></figure> The Second Intifada was a major <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> uprising in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> and Israel. The general triggers for the unrest are speculated to have been centred on the failure of the <a href="/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit" title="2000 Camp David Summit">2000 Camp David Summit</a>, which was expected to reach a final agreement on the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a> in July 2000.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPressman2003114-79">[75]</a> Outbreaks of violence began in September 2000, after <a href="/wiki/Ariel_Sharon" title="Ariel Sharon">Ariel Sharon</a>, then the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(Israel)" title="Leader of the Opposition (Israel)">Israeli opposition leader</a>, made a provocative visit to the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a> compound on the <a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>;<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPressman2003114-79">[75]</a> the visit itself was peaceful, but, as anticipated, sparked protests and riots that Israeli police put down with rubber bullets and tear gas.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEByman2011114-80">[76]</a> The Second Intifada also marked the beginning of rocket attacks and bombings of Israeli border localities by Palestinian guerrillas from the Gaza Strip, especially by the <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad" title="Palestinian Islamic Jihad">Palestinian Islamic Jihad</a> movements. High numbers of casualties were caused among civilians as well as combatants. Israeli forces engaged in gunfire, <a href="/wiki/Targeted_killings_by_the_Israel_Defense_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Targeted killings by the Israel Defense Forces">targeted killings</a>, and tank and aerial attacks, while Palestinians engaged in <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks" title="List of Palestinian suicide attacks">suicide bombings</a>, gunfire, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_stone-throwing" title="Palestinian stone-throwing">stone-throwing</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">rocket attacks</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:1-81">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[78]</a> Palestinian suicide bombings were a prominent feature of the fighting and mainly targeted Israeli civilians, contrasting with the relatively less violent nature of the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NMRR-83">[79]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[80]</a> With a combined casualty figure for combatants and civilians, the violence is estimated to have resulted in the deaths of approximately 3,000 Palestinians and 1,000 Israelis, as well as 64 foreigners.<a href="#cite_note-casualties2005-85">[81]</a> Between December 2000 and June 2001, the barrier between Gaza and Israel was reconstructed. A barrier on the Gaza Strip-Egypt border was constructed starting in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-Anne_Barnard-86">[82]</a> The main crossing points are the northern <a href="/wiki/Erez_Crossing" title="Erez Crossing">Erez Crossing</a> into Israel and the southern <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Border_Crossing" title="Rafah Border Crossing">Rafah Crossing</a> into Egypt. The eastern <a href="/wiki/Karni_crossing" title="Karni crossing">Karni Crossing</a> used for cargo, closed down in 2011.<a href="#cite_note-Greg_Myre-87">[83]</a> Israel controls the Gaza Strip's northern borders, as well as its territorial waters and airspace. Egypt controls Gaza Strip's southern border, under an agreement between it and Israel.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-88">[84]</a> Neither Israel or Egypt permits free travel from Gaza as both borders are heavily militarily fortified. "Egypt maintains a strict blockade on Gaza in order to isolate Hamas from Islamist insurgents in the Sinai."<a href="#cite_note-89">[85]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2005:_Israel's_unilateral_disengagement">2005: Israel's unilateral disengagement</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gush_Katif-N-Dekalim02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gush_Katif-N-Dekalim02.jpg/220px-Gush_Katif-N-Dekalim02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gush_Katif-N-Dekalim02.jpg/330px-Gush_Katif-N-Dekalim02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Gush_Katif-N-Dekalim02.jpg/440px-Gush_Katif-N-Dekalim02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Neve_Dekalim" title="Neve Dekalim">Neve Dekalim</a> was <a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif" title="Gush Katif">Gush Katif</a>'s urban center and the largest community</figcaption></figure> In 2005, Israel withdrew from the Gaza Strip and dismantled its settlements.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-90">[86]</a> Israel also withdrew from the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphi_Route" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphi Route">Philadelphi Route</a>, a narrow strip of land adjacent to the border with Egypt, after Egypt agreed to secure its side of the border after the <a href="/wiki/Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access" title="Agreement on Movement and Access">Agreement on Movement and Access</a>, known as the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah Agreement">Rafah Agreement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-91">[87]</a> The Gaza Strip was left under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[88]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-2006:_Hamas_takeover">Post-2006: Hamas takeover</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></div> In the <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">Palestinian parliamentary elections</a> held on 25 January 2006, Hamas won a plurality of 42.9% of the total vote and 74 out of 132 total seats (56%).<a href="#cite_note-93">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[90]</a> When Hamas assumed power the next month, Israel, the United States, the EU, Russia and the UN demanded that Hamas accept all previous agreements, recognize Israel's right to exist, and renounce violence; when Hamas refused,<a href="#cite_note-95">[91]</a> they <a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_economic_sanctions_against_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–07 economic sanctions against the Palestinian National Authority">cut off direct aid to the Palestinian Authority</a>, although some aid money was redirected to humanitarian organizations not affiliated with the government.<a href="#cite_note-96">[92]</a> The resulting political disorder and economic stagnation led to many Palestinians emigrating from the Gaza Strip.<a href="#cite_note-97">[93]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_City.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_City.JPG/220px-Gaza_City.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_City.JPG/330px-Gaza_City.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Gaza_City.JPG/440px-Gaza_City.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="1728" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a> skyline, 2007</figcaption></figure> In January 2007, fighting erupted between Hamas and <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a>. The deadliest clashes occurred in the northern Gaza Strip. On 30 January 2007, a truce was negotiated between Fatah and Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-98">[94]</a> After a few days, new fighting broke out. On 1 February, Hamas killed 6 people in an ambush on a Gaza convoy which delivered equipment for Abbas' <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Presidential_Guard" title="Palestinian Presidential Guard">Palestinian Presidential Guard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[95]</a> Fatah fighters stormed a Hamas-affiliated university in the Gaza Strip. Officers from Abbas' presidential guard battled Hamas gunmen guarding the Hamas-led Interior Ministry.<a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> In May 2007, new fighting broke out between the factions.<a href="#cite_note-101">[97]</a> Interior Minister <a href="/wiki/Talab_al-Qawasmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Talab al-Qawasmi">Hani Qawasmi</a>, who had been considered a moderate civil servant acceptable to both factions, resigned due to what he termed harmful behavior by both sides.<a href="#cite_note-102">[98]</a> Fighting spread in the Gaza Strip, with both factions attacking vehicles and facilities of the other side. Following a breakdown in an Egyptian-brokered truce, Israel launched an air strike which destroyed a building used by Hamas. Ongoing violence prompted fear that it could bring the end of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_government_of_March_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian government of March 2007">Fatah-Hamas coalition government</a>, and possibly the end of the Palestinian authority.<a href="#cite_note-103">[99]</a> Hamas spokesman <a href="/wiki/Mousa_Abu_Marzook" title="Mousa Abu Marzook">Mousa Abu Marzook</a> blamed the conflict between Hamas and Fatah on Israel, stating that the constant pressure of economic sanctions resulted in the "real explosion."<a href="#cite_note-104">[100]</a> From 2006 to 2007 more than 600 Palestinians were killed in fighting between Hamas and Fatah.<a href="#cite_note-105">[101]</a> 349 Palestinians were killed in fighting between factions in 2007. 160 Palestinians killed each other in June alone.<a href="#cite_note-106">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2007:_Fatah–Hamas_conflict">2007: Fatah–Hamas conflict</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Gaza_-_5323908000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2007_Gaza_-_5323908000.jpg/220px-2007_Gaza_-_5323908000.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2007_Gaza_-_5323908000.jpg/330px-2007_Gaza_-_5323908000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/2007_Gaza_-_5323908000.jpg/440px-2007_Gaza_-_5323908000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="2160" /></a><figcaption>Gaza City in 2007</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza (2007)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></div> Following the victory of Hamas in the <a href="/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election" title="2006 Palestinian legislative election">2006 Palestinian legislative election</a>, Hamas and <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> formed the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_authority_national_unity_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian authority national unity government">Palestinian authority national unity government</a> headed by <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a>. Shortly after, Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip in the course of the Battle of Gaza (June 2007),<a href="#cite_note-Guardian-107">[103]</a> seizing government institutions and replacing Fatah and other government officials with its own.<a href="#cite_note-intern_fight_p14-15-108">[104]</a> By 14 June, Hamas fully controlled the Gaza Strip. <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="President of the Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a> responded by declaring a <a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">state of emergency</a>, dissolving the unity government and forming a new government without Hamas participation. <a href="/wiki/Preventive_Security_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Preventive Security Service">PNA security forces</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> arrested a number of Hamas members. In late June 2008, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Jordan declared the West Bank-based cabinet formed by Abbas as "the sole legitimate Palestinian government". Egypt moved its embassy from Gaza to the West Bank.<a href="#cite_note-109">[105]</a> <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a> and Egypt supported reconciliation and a new unity government and pressed Abbas to start talks with Hamas. Abbas had always conditioned this on Hamas returning control of the Gaza Strip to the Palestinian Authority. After the takeover, Israel and Egypt <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">closed their border crossings with Gaza</a>. Palestinian sources reported that European Union monitors fled the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Border_Crossing" title="Rafah Border Crossing">Rafah Border Crossing</a>, on the Gaza–Egypt border for fear of being kidnapped or harmed.<a href="#cite_note-EU_flee_Rafah_crossing-110">[106]</a> Arab foreign ministers and Palestinian officials presented a united front against control of the border by Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-Abbas_wins_Egypt_backing_on_border-111">[107]</a> Meanwhile, Israeli and Egyptian security reports said that Hamas continued smuggling in large quantities of explosives and arms from Egypt through tunnels. Egyptian security forces uncovered 60 tunnels in 2007.<a href="#cite_note-112">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egyptian_border_barrier_breach">Egyptian border barrier breach</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:War_in_Gaza_023_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/War_in_Gaza_023_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-War_in_Gaza_023_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/War_in_Gaza_023_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-War_in_Gaza_023_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/War_in_Gaza_023_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/440px-War_in_Gaza_023_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>A view of Gaza in January 2009</figcaption></figure> On 23 January 2008, after months of preparation during which the steel reinforcement of the border barrier was weakened,<a href="#cite_note-113">[109]</a> <a href="/wiki/Breach_of_the_Gaza-Egypt_border_(2008)" class="mw-redirect" title="Breach of the Gaza-Egypt border (2008)">Hamas destroyed several parts of the wall</a> dividing Gaza and Egypt in the town of <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a>. Hundreds of thousands of Gazans crossed the border into Egypt seeking food and supplies. Due to the crisis, Egyptian President <a href="/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak" title="Hosni Mubarak">Hosni Mubarak</a> ordered his troops to allow the Palestinians in but to verify that they did not bring weapons back across the border.<a href="#cite_note-114">[110]</a> Egypt arrested and later released several armed Hamas militants in the Sinai who presumably wanted to infiltrate into Israel. At the same time, Israel increased its state of alert along the length of the Israel–Egypt Sinai border, and warned its citizens to leave Sinai "without delay." In February 2008, the <a href="/wiki/2008_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 Israel–Gaza conflict">Israel–Gaza conflict</a> intensified, with rockets launched at Israeli cities. Aggression by Hamas led to Israeli military action on 1 March 2008, resulting in over 110 Palestinians being killed according to BBC News, as well as 2 Israeli soldiers. Israeli human rights group <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a> estimated that 45 of those killed were not involved in hostilities, and 15 were minors.<a href="#cite_note-115">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2008–2009:_Gaza_War">2008–2009: Gaza War</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War (2008–2009)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Damaged_housing_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Damaged_housing_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/220px-Damaged_housing_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Damaged_housing_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/330px-Damaged_housing_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Damaged_housing_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/440px-Damaged_housing_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Buildings damaged during the 2008-2009 Gaza war</figcaption></figure> On 27 December 2008,<a href="#cite_note-116">[112]</a> Israeli <a href="/wiki/F-16" class="mw-redirect" title="F-16">F-16</a> fighters launched a series of air strikes against targets in Gaza following the breakdown of a temporary truce between Israel and Hamas.<a href="#cite_note-117">[113]</a> Israel began a ground invasion of the Gaza Strip on 3 January 2009.<a href="#cite_note-118">[114]</a> Various sites that Israel claimed were being used as weapons depots were struck from the air : police stations, schools, hospitals, UN warehouses, mosques, various Hamas government buildings and other buildings.<a href="#cite_note-119">[115]</a> Israel said that the attack was a response to Hamas rocket attacks on southern Israel, which totaled <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel,_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel, 2008">over 3,000 in 2008</a>, and which intensified during the few weeks preceding the operation. Israel advised people near military targets to leave before the attacks. Israeli defense sources said that Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Barak" title="Ehud Barak">Ehud Barak</a> instructed the IDF to prepare for the operation six months before it began, using long-term planning and intelligence-gathering.<a href="#cite_note-120">[116]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg/220px-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg/330px-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg/440px-%D8%A3%D8%AD%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Gaza City in 2012</figcaption></figure> A total of 1,100–1,400<a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> Palestinians (295–926 civilians) and 13 Israelis were killed in the 22-day war.<a href="#cite_note-122">[118]</a> The conflict damaged or destroyed tens of thousands of homes,<a href="#cite_note-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[120]</a> 15 of Gaza's 27 hospitals and 43 of its 110 primary health care facilities,<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> 800 water wells,<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> 186 greenhouses,<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a> and nearly all of its 10,000 family farms;<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> leaving 50,000 homeless,<a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-129">[125]</a> 400,000–500,000 without running water,<a href="#cite_note-news.bbc.co.uk-129">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gaza:_Humanitarian_situation-130">[126]</a> one million without electricity,<a href="#cite_note-Gaza:_Humanitarian_situation-130">[126]</a> and resulting in acute food shortages.<a href="#cite_note-131">[127]</a> The people of Gaza still suffer from the loss of these facilities and homes, especially since they have great challenges to rebuild them. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014:_Gaza_War">2014: Gaza War</h3></div> On 5 June 2014, Fatah signed a unity agreement with the Hamas political party.<a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-132">[128]</a> The <a href="/wiki/2014_Gaza_War" title="2014 Gaza War">2014 Gaza War</a>, also known as Operation Protective Edge, was a military operation launched by Israel on 8 July 2014 in the Gaza Strip. Following the <a href="/wiki/2014_kidnapping_and_murder_of_Israeli_teenagers" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 kidnapping and murder of Israeli teenagers">kidnapping and murder of three Israeli teenagers</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> by Hamas-affiliated <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian</a> militants, the IDF initiated Operation Brother's Keeper, in which some 350 Palestinians, including nearly all of the active Hamas militants in the West Bank, were arrested.<a href="#cite_note-nathanthrall-133">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-HamasAcc-134">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-HamasAcc2-135">[131]</a> Hamas <a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2014" title="List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2014">subsequently fired a greater number of rockets into Israel</a> from Gaza, triggering a seven-week-long conflict between the two sides. It was one of the deadliest outbreaks of <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">open conflict between Israel and the Palestinians</a> in decades. The combination of Palestinian rocket attacks and <a href="/wiki/List_of_Israeli_strikes_and_Palestinian_casualties_in_the_2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Israeli strikes and Palestinian casualties in the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">Israeli airstrikes</a> resulted in thousands of deaths, the vast majority of which were Gazan Palestinians.<a href="#cite_note-136">[132]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2018–2019:_Great_March_of_Return">2018–2019: Great March of Return</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Great_March_of_Return" class="mw-redirect" title="Great March of Return">Great March of Return</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OCHAoPT_2018_Gaza_border_protests_31_may_2018.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OCHAoPT_2018_Gaza_border_protests_31_may_2018.png/220px-OCHAoPT_2018_Gaza_border_protests_31_may_2018.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OCHAoPT_2018_Gaza_border_protests_31_may_2018.png/330px-OCHAoPT_2018_Gaza_border_protests_31_may_2018.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/OCHAoPT_2018_Gaza_border_protests_31_may_2018.png/440px-OCHAoPT_2018_Gaza_border_protests_31_may_2018.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption>UN OCHA map of the Great March of Return protests, 31 May 2018</figcaption></figure> In 2018–2019, <a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_Gaza_border_protests" title="2018–2019 Gaza border protests">a series of protests</a>, also known as the Great March of Return, were held each Friday in the Gaza Strip near the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel–Gaza barrier">Israel–Gaza barrier</a> from 30 March 2018 until 27 December 2019, during which a total of 223 <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a> were killed by Israeli forces.<a href="#cite_note-B'tselem21-137">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[134]</a> The demonstrators demanded that the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugees" title="Palestinian refugees">Palestinian refugees</a> must be <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">allowed to return</a> to lands they were displaced from in what is now Israel. They protested against Israel's <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">land, air and sea blockade of the Gaza Strip</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Toameh-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-NY2-140">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[137]</a> Most of the demonstrators <a href="/wiki/Peaceful_demonstration" class="mw-redirect" title="Peaceful demonstration">demonstrated peacefully</a> far from the border fence. Peter Cammack, a fellow with the Middle East Program at the <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace" title="Carnegie Endowment for International Peace">Carnegie Endowment for International Peace</a>, argued that the march indicated a new trend in Palestinian society and Hamas, with a shift away from violence towards non-violent forms of protest.<a href="#cite_note-142">[138]</a> Some demonstrators were setting tires on fire and launching Molotov cocktails and rocks toward the troops on the opposite side of the border.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes-143">[139]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haaretz30March-144">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[141]</a> Israeli officials said the demonstrations were used by Hamas as cover for launching attacks against Israel.<a href="#cite_note-jpost1-146">[142]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_Gaza_border_protest.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2018_Gaza_border_protest.jpg/220px-2018_Gaza_border_protest.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2018_Gaza_border_protest.jpg/330px-2018_Gaza_border_protest.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/2018_Gaza_border_protest.jpg/440px-2018_Gaza_border_protest.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5066" data-file-height="2850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/2018_Gaza_border_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 Gaza border protests">2018 Gaza border protests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureij" title="Bureij">Bureij</a> refugee camp in Gaza</figcaption></figure> In late February 2019, a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a>'s <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Fact_Finding_Mission_on_the_2018_Gaza_border_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the 2018 Gaza border protests">independent commission</a> found that of the 489 cases of Palestinian deaths or injuries analyzed, only two were possibly justified as responses to danger by Israeli security forces. The commission deemed the rest of the cases illegal, and concluded with a recommendation calling on Israel to examine whether <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">war crimes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crimes against humanity</a> had been committed, and if so, to bring those responsible to trial.<a href="#cite_note-147">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[144]</a> On 28 February 2019, the Commission said it had "'reasonable grounds' to believe Israeli soldiers may have committed war crimes and shot at journalists, health workers and children during protests in Gaza in 2018." Israel refused to take part in the inquiry and rejected the report.<a href="#cite_note-CNN1111-149">[145]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2021:_Israel–Palestine_crisis">2021: Israel–Palestine crisis</h3></div> Before the <a href="/wiki/2021_Israel%E2%80%93Palestine_crisis" title="2021 Israel–Palestine crisis">2021 Israel–Palestine crisis</a>, Gaza had 48% unemployment and half of the population lived in poverty. During the crisis, 66 children died (551 children in the previous conflict). On 13 June 2021, a high level World Bank delegation visited Gaza to witness the damage. Mobilization with UN and EU partners is ongoing to finalize a needs assessment in support of Gaza's reconstruction and recovery.<a href="#cite_note-150">[146]</a> <a href="/wiki/2022_Gaza%E2%80%93Israel_clashes" title="2022 Gaza–Israel clashes">Another escalation</a> between 5 and 8 August 2022 resulted in property damage and displacement of people as a result of airstrikes.<a href="#cite_note-151">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[148]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2023–2024:_Israel–Hamas_war">2023–2024: Israel–Hamas war</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Outline of the Israel–Hamas war">Outline of the Israel–Hamas war</a>, <a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_evacuations" title="Gaza Strip evacuations">Gaza Strip evacuations</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SoI-War_23-10-31_IDF_05-04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/SoI-War_23-10-31_IDF_05-04.jpg/220px-SoI-War_23-10-31_IDF_05-04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/SoI-War_23-10-31_IDF_05-04.jpg/330px-SoI-War_23-10-31_IDF_05-04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/SoI-War_23-10-31_IDF_05-04.jpg/440px-SoI-War_23-10-31_IDF_05-04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers in the Gaza Strip on 31 October 2023</figcaption></figure> On 7 October 2023, the paramilitaries in Gaza, led by the Hamas's <a href="/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades" title="Al-Qassam Brigades">Al-Qassam Brigades</a>, <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-led_attack_on_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel">invaded</a> southwest Israel, targeting Israeli communities and military bases, killing at least 1,300 people and taking at least 236 hostages.<a href="#cite_note-153">[149]</a> On 9 October 2023, Israel declared war on Hamas and imposed a <a href="/wiki/2023_Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip">"total blockade" of the Gaza Strip</a>,<a href="#cite_note-154">[150]</a> with Israeli Defense Minister <a href="/wiki/Yoav_Gallant" title="Yoav Gallant">Yoav Gallant</a> declaring, "There will be no electricity, no food, no fuel, everything is closed. We are fighting human animals and we are acting accordingly."<a href="#cite_note-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-TimesOfIsrael_GazaHostages-156">[152]</a> Gallant changed his position after pressure from US President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, and a deal was made on 19 October for Israel and Egypt to allow aid into Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-157">[153]</a> Gaza is currently undergoing a severe <a href="/wiki/Gaza_humanitarian_crisis_(2023%E2%80%93present)" title="Gaza humanitarian crisis (2023–present)">humanitarian crisis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-158">[154]</a> By 13 November 2023, one out of every 200 people in Gaza were killed, becoming one out of every 100 by January 2024.<a href="#cite_note-159">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[156]</a> As of 29 October 2024<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_Strip&action=edit">[update]</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Health_Ministry" title="Gaza Health Ministry">Gaza Health Ministry</a>, at least 43,000 Palestinians, including over 16,000 children, have been killed.<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> More than 85% of Palestinians in Gaza, or around 1.9 million people, were internally displaced.<a href="#cite_note-162">[158]</a> As of January 2024, Israel's offensive has either damaged or destroyed 70–80% of all buildings in northern Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-163">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[160]</a> After the outbreak of the Israel-Hamas war in 2023, there has been a renewed campaign to return Israeli settlers to <a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif" title="Gush Katif">Gush Katif</a>,<a href="#cite_note-165">[161]</a> including <a href="/wiki/Hanan_Ben_Ari" title="Hanan Ben Ari">Hanan Ben Ari</a> singing "We return to Gush Katif" to Israeli troops.<a href="#cite_note-166">[162]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Beach.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gaza_Beach.jpg/220px-Gaza_Beach.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gaza_Beach.jpg/330px-Gaza_Beach.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Gaza_Beach.jpg/440px-Gaza_Beach.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="1788" /></a><figcaption>Palestinians on the Gaza beach in 2006</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_sea_port.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gaza_sea_port.jpg/220px-Gaza_sea_port.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gaza_sea_port.jpg/330px-Gaza_sea_port.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Gaza_sea_port.jpg/440px-Gaza_sea_port.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Gaza City in 2018</figcaption></figure> The Gaza Strip is 41 km (25 mi) long, from 6 to 12 km (3.7 to 7.5 mi) wide, and has a total area of 365 km2 (141 sq mi).<a href="#cite_note-Arnon-31">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a> It has a 51 km (32 mi) border with <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, and an 11 km (7 mi) border with <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, near the city of <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-167">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a> is located 7 km (4.3 mi) northeast of Rafah, and several towns around <a href="/wiki/Deir_el-Balah" class="mw-redirect" title="Deir el-Balah">Deir el-Balah</a> are located along the coast between it and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a>. <a href="/wiki/Beit_Lahia" title="Beit Lahia">Beit Lahia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a> are located to the north and northeast of Gaza City, respectively. The <a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif" title="Gush Katif">Gush Katif</a> bloc of Israeli settlements used to exist on the <a href="/wiki/Dune" title="Dune">sand dunes</a> adjacent to Rafah and Khan Yunis, along the southwestern edge of the 40 km (25 mi) <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> coastline. Al Deira beach is a popular venue for surfers.<a href="#cite_note-168">[164]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topography</a> of the Gaza Strip is dominated by three <a href="/wiki/Ridge" title="Ridge">ridges</a> parallel to the coastline, which consist of <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a>-<a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> aged <a href="/wiki/Calcareous" title="Calcareous">calcareous</a> <a href="/wiki/Aeolian_processes" title="Aeolian processes">aeolian</a> (wind deposited) <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a>, locally referred to as "<a href="/wiki/Kurkar" title="Kurkar">kurkar</a>", <a href="/wiki/Interbedding" title="Interbedding">intercalated</a> with red-coloured <a href="/wiki/Grain_size" title="Grain size">fine grained</a> <a href="/wiki/Paleosol" title="Paleosol">paleosols</a>, referred to as "hamra". The three ridges are separated by <a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">wadis</a>, which are filled with <a href="/wiki/Alluvium" title="Alluvium">alluvial deposits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[165]</a> The terrain is flat or rolling, with dunes near the coast. The highest point is Abu 'Awdah (Joz Abu 'Auda), at 105 m (344 ft) above <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a>. The major river in Gaza Strip is <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadi Gaza">Wadi Gaza</a>, around which the <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Gaza_Nature_Reserve" title="Wadi Gaza Nature Reserve">Wadi Gaza Nature Reserve</a> was established, to protect the only coastal wetland in the Strip.<a href="#cite_note-meweco-170">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[167]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> The Gaza Strip has a <a href="/wiki/Semi-arid_climate#Hot_semi-arid_climates" title="Semi-arid climate">hot semi-arid climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> BSh), with warm winters during which practically all the annual rainfall occurs, and dry, hot summers. Despite the dryness, humidity is high throughout the year. Annual rainfall is higher than in any part of Egypt at between 225 mm (9 in) in the south and 400 mm (16 in) in the north, but almost all of this falls between November and February. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment_issues">Environment issues</h2></div> Environmental problems in Gaza include <a href="/wiki/Desertification" title="Desertification">desertification</a>; <a href="/wiki/Biosalinity" title="Biosalinity">salination</a> of fresh water; <a href="/wiki/Sewage_treatment" title="Sewage treatment">sewage treatment</a>; <a href="/wiki/Water-borne_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Water-borne disease">water-borne diseases</a>; <a href="/wiki/Soil_degradation" class="mw-redirect" title="Soil degradation">soil degradation</a>; and depletion and contamination of underground <a href="/wiki/Water_resources" title="Water resources">water resources</a>. A United Nations official said in 2024 that "it could take 14 years ... to clear <a href="/wiki/Construction_waste" title="Construction waste">debris</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Rubble" title="Rubble">rubble</a> from destroyed buildings" (of the Israel–Hamas war).<a href="#cite_note-Reuters_2024_c119-172">[168]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hamas_government">Hamas government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Hamas government in the Gaza Strip</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNSchool_DestrMoInterior.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/UNSchool_DestrMoInterior.jpg/220px-UNSchool_DestrMoInterior.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/UNSchool_DestrMoInterior.jpg/330px-UNSchool_DestrMoInterior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/UNSchool_DestrMoInterior.jpg/440px-UNSchool_DestrMoInterior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Damaged UN school and remmants of the Ministry of Interior in Gaza City, December 2012</figcaption></figure> Since its takeover of Gaza, Hamas has exercised executive authority over the Gaza Strip, and it governs the territory through its own <a href="/wiki/Ad_hoc" title="Ad hoc">ad hoc</a> executive, legislative, and judicial bodies.<a href="#cite_note-freedomhouse-173">[169]</a> The Hamas government of 2012 was the second Palestinian Hamas-dominated government, ruling over the Gaza Strip, since the split of the Palestinian National Authority in 2007. It was announced in early September 2012.<a href="#cite_note-hurriyet0209-174">[170]</a> The reshuffle of the previous government was approved by Gaza-based Hamas MPs from the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> or parliament.<a href="#cite_note-hurriyet0209-174">[170]</a> Since the Hamas takeover in 2007, the Gaza Strip has been described as a "de facto <a href="/wiki/One-party_state" title="One-party state">one-party state</a>", although it tolerates other political groups, including leftist ones such as the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a> (PFLP) and the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto1-19">[15]</a> The legal code Hamas applies in Gaza is based on Ottoman laws, the British Mandate's 1936 legal code, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Palestinian Authority law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sharia_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharia law">Sharia law</a>, and Israeli military orders. Hamas maintains a judicial system with civilian and military courts and a public prosecution service.<a href="#cite_note-freedomhouse-173">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[172]</a> Gaza Strip was ranked 6th least electoral <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa">democracy in the Middle East and North Africa</a> according to <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Democracy_indices" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Dem Democracy indices">V-Dem Democracy indices</a> in 2024 with a score of 0.136 out of one.<a href="#cite_note-report-177">[173]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security">Security</h3></div> The Gaza Strip's security is mainly handled by Hamas through its military wing, the <a href="/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades">Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades</a>, internal security service, and civil police force. The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades have an estimated 30,000 to 50,000 operatives.<a href="#cite_note-178">[174]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_groups_and_ideologies">Other groups and ideologies</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2013_Fatah_anniversary_rally_in_Gaza_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2013_Fatah_anniversary_rally_in_Gaza_%2804%29.jpg/220px-2013_Fatah_anniversary_rally_in_Gaza_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2013_Fatah_anniversary_rally_in_Gaza_%2804%29.jpg/330px-2013_Fatah_anniversary_rally_in_Gaza_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/2013_Fatah_anniversary_rally_in_Gaza_%2804%29.jpg/440px-2013_Fatah_anniversary_rally_in_Gaza_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>A rally in support of <a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a> in Gaza City in January 2013</figcaption></figure> Other Palestinian militant factions operate in the Gaza Strip alongside, and sometimes opposed to Hamas. The <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine">Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine</a>, also known as the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ) is the second largest militant faction operating in the Gaza Strip. Its military wing, the <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Brigades" title="Al-Quds Brigades">Al-Quds Brigades</a>, has an estimated 8,000 fighters.<a href="#cite_note-179">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-IslamicJihad-180">[176]</a> In June 2013, the Islamic Jihad broke ties with Hamas leaders after Hamas police fatally shot the commander of Islamic Jihad's military wing.<a href="#cite_note-IslamicJihad-180">[176]</a> The third largest faction is the <a href="/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees" title="Popular Resistance Committees">Popular Resistance Committees</a>. Its military wing is known as the <a href="/wiki/Al-Nasser_Salah_al-Deen_Brigades" title="Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades">Al-Nasser Salah al-Deen Brigades</a>. Other factions include the <a href="/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza_Strip)" class="mw-redirect" title="Army of Islam (Gaza Strip)">Army of Islam</a> (an Islamist faction of the <a href="/wiki/Doghmush_clan" title="Doghmush clan">Doghmush clan</a>), the Nidal Al-Amoudi Battalion (an offshoot of the West Bank-based Fatah-linked <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs%27_Brigades" title="Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades">al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades</a>), the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Ali_Mustapha_Brigades" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades">Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades</a> (armed wing of the PFLP), the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Omar_Hadid_Brigade" title="Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade">Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="ISIL">ISIL</a> offshoot), Humat al-Aqsa, <a href="/wiki/Jaysh_al-Ummah_(Gaza)" title="Jaysh al-Ummah (Gaza)">Jaysh al-Ummah</a>, Katibat al-Sheikh al-Emireen, the Mujahideen Brigades, and the Abdul al-Qadir al-Husseini Brigades.<a href="#cite_note-181">[177]</a> Some <a href="/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip">Salafi-Jihadis operating in Gaza</a> have been using as part of their name the term ʻArḍ al-Ribat "Land of the <a href="/wiki/Ribat" title="Ribat">Ribat</a>", as a name for Palestine, literally meaning "the land of standing vigilant watch on the frontier", but understood in the context of global jihad, which is fundamentally opposed to local, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-182">[178]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3></div> The enclave is divided into five governorates: the <a href="/wiki/North_Gaza_Governorate" title="North Gaza Governorate">North Gaza Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah_Governorate" title="Deir al-Balah Governorate">Deir al-Balah Governorate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Governorate" title="Khan Yunis Governorate">Khan Yunis Governorate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Governorate" title="Rafah Governorate">Rafah Governorate</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legality_of_Hamas_rule">Legality of Hamas rule</h3></div> After Hamas's June 2007 takeover, it ousted Fatah-linked officials from positions of power and authority (such as government positions, security services, universities, newspapers, etc.) and strove to enforce law by progressively removing guns from the hands of peripheral militias, clans, and criminal groups, and gaining control of supply tunnels. According to <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, under Hamas rule, newspapers were closed down and journalists were harassed.<a href="#cite_note-AI_torn-183">[179]</a> Fatah demonstrations were forbidden or suppressed, as in the case of a large demonstration on the anniversary of <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat" title="Yasser Arafat">Yasser Arafat</a>'s death, which resulted in the deaths of seven people, after protesters hurled stones at Hamas security forces.<a href="#cite_note-184">[180]</a> Hamas and other militant groups continued to fire Qassam rockets across the border into Israel. According to Israel, between the Hamas takeover and the end of January 2008, 697 rockets and 822 mortar bombs were fired at Israeli towns.<a href="#cite_note-185">[181]</a> In response, Israel targeted Qassam launchers and military targets and declared the Gaza Strip a hostile entity. In January 2008, Israel curtailed travel from Gaza, the entry of goods, and cut fuel supplies, resulting in power shortages. This brought charges that Israel was inflicting <a href="/wiki/Collective_punishment" title="Collective punishment">collective punishment</a> on the Gaza population, leading to international condemnation. Despite multiple reports from within the Strip that food and other essentials were in short supply,<a href="#cite_note-186">[182]</a> Israel said that Gaza had enough food and energy supplies for weeks.<a href="#cite_note-187">[183]</a> The Israeli government uses economic means to pressure Hamas. Among other things, it caused Israeli commercial enterprises like banks and fuel companies to stop doing business with the Gaza Strip. The role of private corporations in the relationship between Israel and the Gaza Strip is an issue that has not been extensively studied.<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Status">Status</h2></div> Due to both the Israeli blockade and Hamas's authoritarian policies and actions, US political organization <a href="/wiki/Freedom_House" title="Freedom House">Freedom House</a> ranks Gaza as "not free".<a href="#cite_note-freedomhouse-173">[169]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Watchtower_rafah_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Watchtower_rafah_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/220px-Watchtower_rafah_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Watchtower_rafah_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/330px-Watchtower_rafah_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Watchtower_rafah_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/440px-Watchtower_rafah_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3121" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption>A watchtower on the border between <a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a> and Egypt</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_occupation">Israeli occupation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/220px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/330px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg/440px-Map_of_Gaza_Strip_with_no-go_zone_2012.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4732" data-file-height="5712" /></a><figcaption>Gaza Strip with Israeli-controlled borders and limited fishing zone, as of December 2012</figcaption></figure> Despite the 2005 Israeli disengagement from Gaza,<a href="#cite_note-occ-24">[20]</a> the United Nations, international human rights organisations, and the majority of governments and legal commentators consider the territory to be still occupied by Israel, supported by additional restrictions placed on Gaza by Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-isrlpa13698-189">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn2009-01-06-190">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-occ2-191">[187]</a> Israel maintains direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza: it controls Gaza's air and maritime space, as well as six of Gaza's seven land crossings. It reserves the right to enter Gaza at will with its military and maintains a no-go buffer zone within the Gaza territory. Gaza is dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications, and other utilities.<a href="#cite_note-occ-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-AI_briefing-192">[188]</a> The extensive Israeli buffer zone within the Strip renders much land off-limits to Gaza's inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-193">[189]</a> The system of control imposed by Israel was described in the fall 2012 edition of <a href="/wiki/International_Security_(journal)" title="International Security (journal)">International Security</a> as an "indirect occupation".<a href="#cite_note-194">[190]</a> The <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> (EU) considers Gaza to be occupied.<a href="#cite_note-eccpalestine.org-195">[191]</a> The international community regards all of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a> including Gaza as occupied.<a href="#cite_note-aj_reality_check-196">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a> has declared at the <a href="/wiki/UN_Human_Rights_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Human Rights Council">UN Human Rights Council</a> that it views Israel as a de facto occupying power in the Gaza Strip, even though Israel has no military or other presence, because the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a> authorize Israel to control the <a href="/wiki/Airspace" title="Airspace">airspace</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Territorial_sea" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial sea">territorial sea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-isrlpa13698-189">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnn2009-01-06-190">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-AI_briefing-192">[188]</a> In his statement on the <a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%932009_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict">2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_A._Falk" title="Richard A. Falk">Richard Falk</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Rapporteur" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations Special Rapporteur">United Nations Special Rapporteur</a> wrote that <a href="/wiki/International_humanitarian_law" title="International humanitarian law">international humanitarian law</a> applied to Israel "in regard to the obligations of an Occupying Power and in the requirements of the laws of war."<a href="#cite_note-197">[193]</a> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>, the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfam" title="Oxfam">Oxfam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">International Committee of the Red Cross</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">United Nations General Assembly</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Fact_Finding_Mission_on_the_2014_Israel%E2%80%93Gaza_conflict" title="United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict">UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza</a>, international human rights organizations, US government websites, the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Office" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign and Commonwealth Office">UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office</a>, and a significant number of legal commentators (<a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Aronson" title="Geoffrey Aronson">Geoffrey Aronson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meron_Benvenisti" title="Meron Benvenisti">Meron Benvenisti</a>, Claude Bruderlein, Sari Bashi, Kenneth Mann, Shane Darcy, John Reynolds, <a href="/wiki/Yoram_Dinstein" title="Yoram Dinstein">Yoram Dinstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Dugard" title="John Dugard">John Dugard</a>, Marc S. Kaliser, <a href="/wiki/Birzeit_University" title="Birzeit University">Mustafa Mari</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Iain_Scobbie" title="Iain Scobbie">Iain Scobbie</a>) maintain that Israel's extensive direct external control over Gaza, and indirect control over the lives of its internal population mean that Gaza remained occupied.<a href="#cite_note-198">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-199">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-icrcoccupied-200">[196]</a> In spite of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israel's withdrawal from Gaza in 2005</a>, the Hamas government in Gaza considers Gaza as occupied territory.<a href="#cite_note-hamas_faq-201">[197]</a> Israel states that it does not exercise effective control or authority over any land or institutions in the Gaza Strip and thus the Gaza Strip is no longer subject to the former <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">military occupation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gold-202">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs_Minister_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel">Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Tzipi_Livni" title="Tzipi Livni">Tzipi Livni</a> stated in January 2008: "Israel got out of Gaza. It dismantled its settlements there. No Israeli soldiers were left there after the disengagement."<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> On 30 January 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Israel" title="Supreme Court of Israel">Supreme Court of Israel</a> ruled that the Gaza Strip was not occupied by Israel in a decision on a petition against Israeli restrictions against the Gaza Strip which argued that it remained occupied. The Supreme Court ruled that Israel has not exercised effective control over the Gaza Strip since 2005, and accordingly, it was no longer occupied.<a href="#cite_note-205">[201]</a> Some legal commentators agree with the Israeli position. In an analysis published in the Netherlands International Law Review, Hanne Cuyckens asserted that Gaza is no longer occupied, stating that there is no effective control under Article 42 of the Hague Regulations. While she acknowledged that Israel has obligations toward Gaza due to its level of control, she argued these responsibilities stem from general international humanitarian law and international human rights law, rather than the law of occupation.<a href="#cite_note-cuyckens-206">[202]</a><a href="#cite_note-cuyckens-206">[202]</a> Israeli law professors <a href="/wiki/Yuval_Shany" title="Yuval Shany">Yuval Shany</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avi_Bell" title="Avi Bell">Avi Bell</a> contested the classification of Gaza as occupied, with Shany asserting that it's difficult to view Israel as the occupying power under traditional law, while Bell argued that the Gaza Strip is not occupied as the blockade does not constitute effective control, citing international legal precedents requiring direct control over both the territory and its civilian population.<a href="#cite_note-shany-207">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-bell-208">[204]</a> Likewise, Israeli Supreme Court judge <a href="/wiki/Alex_Stein" title="Alex Stein">Alex Stein</a> argued in 2014 that Gaza was not occupied.<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> Michael W. Meier, a Visiting Professor at <a href="/wiki/Emory_University_School_of_Law" title="Emory University School of Law">Emory University School of Law</a> and Acting Director of Emory International Humanitarian Law Clinic, wrote that in his view, Gaza had not been occupied since 2005 as Israel no longer maintained military forces in the territory and because Hamas controlled most administrative functions and all public services, thus Israel did not have effective control.<a href="#cite_note-210">[206]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_N._Schmitt" title="Michael N. Schmitt">Michael N. Schmitt</a> likewise writes that Israel did not occupy Gaza after 2005, as in his view effective control requires some degree of power over daily governance of the territory, while Hamas often governed in manner contrary to Israeli interests and desires, and that if an area is regularly used as a base of significant military operations against another party to the conflict, the other party cannot be said to have effective control over it. However, he wrote that this did not mean Israel bore no obligations to the people of Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-211">[207]</a> On 19 July 2024, the <a href="/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice" title="International Court of Justice">International Court of Justice</a> noted in <a href="/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel%27s_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories" title="ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories">Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem</a> that "for the purpose of determining whether a territory remains occupied under international law, the decisive criterion is not whether the occupying Power retains its physical military presence in the territory at all times but rather whether its authority has been established and can be exercised" and concluded that "The sustained abuse by Israel of its position as an occupying Power, through annexation and an assertion of permanent control over the <a href="/wiki/Occupied_Palestinian_territories" title="Occupied Palestinian territories">Occupied Palestinian Territory</a> and continued frustration of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination, violates fundamental principles of international law and renders Israel's presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory unlawful". The court also ruled that Israel should pay full <a href="/wiki/Reparations_(transitional_justice)" title="Reparations (transitional justice)">reparations</a> to the Palestinian people for the damage the occupation has caused, and determined that its policies violate the <a href="/wiki/International_Convention_on_the_Elimination_of_All_Forms_of_Racial_Discrimination" title="International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination">International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination</a>.<a href="#cite_note-212">[208]</a> Yuval Shany, along with law professors Amichai Cohen and <a href="/wiki/Marko_Milanovi%C4%87_(professor)" title="Marko Milanović (professor)">Marko Milanović</a>, argued that the court stopped short of declaring Gaza to be under occupation, but instead declared that Israel maintained certain obligations under the law of occupation. They noted the opinions of judges <a href="/wiki/Yuji_Iwasawa" title="Yuji Iwasawa">Yuji Iwasawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Cleveland" title="Sarah Cleveland">Sarah Cleveland</a> in particular. Judge Iwasawa pointed out that while the court stated Israel is bound by some obligations related to occupation law, it didn't determine whether Gaza remained "occupied" within the meaning of the law of occupation after 2005. Judge Cleveland noted that the court observed that after Israel's withdrawal in 2005, it continued to exercise key elements of authority over the Gaza Strip. This included "control of the land, sea and air borders, restrictions on movement of people and goods, collection of import and export taxes, and military control over the buffer zone." As a result, the court concluded that certain aspects of the law of occupation still applied to Gaza, based on Israel's level of effective control. However, it did not specify which obligations still bound Israel after 2005, nor did it find any violations of those obligations.<a href="#cite_note-213">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Characterization_as_open-air_prison">Characterization as open-air prison</h4></div> Several rights groups have characterized the situation in Gaza as an "open-air prison",<a href="#cite_note-215">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-open-air_prison-27">[23]</a> including the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>,<a href="#cite_note-216">[212]</a> <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>,<a href="#cite_note-HRW111-217">[213]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Refugee_Council" title="Norwegian Refugee Council">Norwegian Refugee Council</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NRC111-218">[214]</a> This characterization was often cited by a number of human rights activists, politicians, and media news outlets reporting on the <a href="/wiki/Gaza-Israel_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza-Israel conflict">Gaza-Israel conflict</a> and the wider <a href="/wiki/Palestinian-Israeli_conflict" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian-Israeli conflict">Palestinian-Israeli conflict</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-TI111-220">[216]</a> Former British Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>,<a href="#cite_note-221">[217]</a> US Senator <a href="/wiki/Bernie_Sanders" title="Bernie Sanders">Bernie Sanders</a>,<a href="#cite_note-222">[218]</a> Israeli journalist <a href="/wiki/Gideon_Levy" title="Gideon Levy">Gideon Levy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-223">[219]</a> and Israeli historian <a href="/wiki/Ilan_Pappe" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilan Pappe">Ilan Pappe</a> have endorsed this characterization as well.<a href="#cite_note-224">[220]</a> In 2022, Human Rights Watch issued a report on the situation in the Gaza Strip, which it called an "open-air prison" due to the <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">blockade</a> and held Israel responsible as the occupying power, and to a lesser degree Egypt, which has restricted movement of Palestinians through its border.<a href="#cite_note-HRW111-217">[213]</a> The report highlighted how this blockade has led to humanitarian crises, namely shortages of essential supplies, limited access to healthcare, and high levels of poverty and unemployment among the Palestinian population in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-HRW111-217">[213]</a> It claimed that Israel has formed a formal policy of separation between Gaza and the West Bank, despite both forming parts of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HRW111-217">[213]</a> The Israeli blockade on Gaza has restricted the freedom of movement of Gaza Palestinians to both the West Bank and the outside world; in particular, Palestinian professionals were most impacted by these restrictions, as applying for travel permit takes several weeks.<a href="#cite_note-HRW111-217">[213]</a> The Norwegian Refugee Council report issued in 2018 called the territory "the world's largest open-air prison", highlighting in it several figures, including lack of access to clean water, to reliable electrical supply, to health care, food and employment opportunities.<a href="#cite_note-NRC111-218">[214]</a> It lamented the fact that a majority of Palestinian children in Gaza suffer from psychological trauma, and a portion of which suffer from stunted growth.<a href="#cite_note-NRC111-218">[214]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Statehood">Statehood</h3></div> Some Israeli analysts have argued that the Gaza Strip can be considered a <a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a> state, even if not internationally recognized as such. Israeli Major General <a href="/wiki/Giora_Eiland" title="Giora Eiland">Giora Eiland</a>, who headed Israel's <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Israel)" title="National Security Council (Israel)">National Security Council</a>, has argued that after the disengagement and Hamas takeover, the Gaza Strip became a de facto state for all intents and purposes, writing that "It has clear borders, an effective government, an independent foreign policy and an army. These are the exact characteristics of a state."<a href="#cite_note-225">[221]</a> Yagil Levy, a professor of Political Sociology and Public Policy at the <a href="/wiki/Open_University_of_Israel" title="Open University of Israel">Open University of Israel</a>, wrote in a <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a> column that "Gaza is a state in every respect, at least as social scientists understand the term. It has a central government with an army that's subordinate to it and that protects a population living in a defined territory. Nevertheless, Gaza is a castrated state. Israel and Egypt control its borders. The Palestinian Authority pays for the salaries of some of its civil servants. And the army doesn't have a monopoly on armed force, because there are independent militias operating alongside it."<a href="#cite_note-226">[222]</a> <a href="/wiki/Moshe_Arens" title="Moshe Arens">Moshe Arens</a>, a former Israeli diplomat who served as Foreign Minister and Defense Minister, likewise wrote that Gaza is a state as "it has a government, an army, a police force and courts that dispense justice of sorts."<a href="#cite_note-227">[223]</a> In November 2018, Israeli Justice Minister <a href="/wiki/Ayelet_Shaked" title="Ayelet Shaked">Ayelet Shaked</a> asserted that Gaza is an independent state, stating that Palestinians "already have a state" in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-228">[224]</a> <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Aronson" title="Geoffrey Aronson">Geoffrey Aronson</a> has likewise argued that the Gaza Strip can be considered a <a href="/wiki/Proto-state" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-state">proto-state</a> with some aspects of sovereignty, writing that "a proto-state already exists in the Gaza Strip, with objective attributes of sovereignty the Ramallah-based Mahmoud Abbas can only dream about. Gaza is a single, contiguous territory with de facto borders, recognised, if not always respected, by friend and foe alike. There are no permanently stationed foreign occupiers and, most importantly, no civilian Israeli settlements."<a href="#cite_note-229">[225]</a> Writing in <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>, journalist Marc Schulman referred to Gaza as "an impoverished proto-state that lives off aid."<a href="#cite_note-230">[226]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Control_over_airspace">Control over airspace</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20140805_beit_hanun7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20140805_beit_hanun7.jpg/220px-20140805_beit_hanun7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20140805_beit_hanun7.jpg/330px-20140805_beit_hanun7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/20140805_beit_hanun7.jpg/440px-20140805_beit_hanun7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a> region of Gaza in August 2014, after Israeli bombardments</figcaption></figure> As agreed between Israel and the Palestinian Authority in the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, Israel has exclusive control over the airspace. Contrarily to the Oslo Accords, however, Israel interferes with Gaza's radio and TV transmissions, and Israel prevents the Palestinians from operating a seaport or airport.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-90">[86]</a> The Accords permitted Palestinians to construct an airport, which was duly built and opened in 1998. Israel destroyed Gaza's only airport in 2001 and again in 2002, during the <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc_fly_again-231">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc2005-232">[228]</a> The Israeli army makes use of <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_combat_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned combat aerial vehicle">drones</a>, which can launch precise missiles. They are equipped with high-resolution cameras and other sensors. The missile fired from a drone has its own cameras that allow the operator to observe the target from the moment of firing. After a missile has been launched, the drone operator can remotely divert it elsewhere. Drone operators can view objects on the ground in detail during both day and night.<a href="#cite_note-precisely_wrong-233">[229]</a> Israeli drones routinely patrol over Gaza, and engage in missile strikes which reportedly kill more civilians than militants; the drones also produce a buzzing noise audible from the ground which Palestinians in Gaza refer to as <a href="/wiki/Zanana" title="Zanana">zanana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[231]</a>: 6  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Buffer_zone">Buffer zone</h3></div> Part of the territory is depopulated because of the imposition of buffer zones on both the Israeli and Egyptian borders.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_hard_times-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-pchr_enforced_live_fire-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[234]</a> Initially, Israel imposed a 50-meter buffer zone in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-imemc_2011-04-05-239">[235]</a> In 2000, it was expanded to 150 meters.<a href="#cite_note-pchr_enforced_live_fire-237">[233]</a> Following the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a>, an undefined buffer zone was maintained, including a no-fishing zone along the coast. The ultimate effect of the enforcement of the no-fishing zone was that the fishing industry in Gaza "virtually ceased."<a href="#cite_note-240">[236]</a> In 2009/2010, Israel expanded the buffer zone to 300 meters.<a href="#cite_note-ocha_factsheet_july_2015-241">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-imemc_2011-04-05-239">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-242">[238]</a> The Israeli military stated that this buffer zone extended to 300 meters from the security fence, although UN bodies and other organizations operating in the region reported that the area extended at least a kilometer from the security fence before 2012. The buffer zone before the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/2012_Israeli_operation_in_the_Gaza_Strip#Ceasefire" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 Israeli operation in the Gaza Strip">ceasefire that followed the 2012 clashes</a> accounted to 14% of the whole territory of the Strip and contained 30–55% of its total <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a>. A 2012 UN report estimated that 75,000 metric tons of potential produce were lost per year as a result of the buffer zone, amounting to US$50.2 million per year.<a href="#cite_note-243">[239]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Internal_Displacement_Monitoring_Centre" title="Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre">IDMC</a> estimated in 2014 that 12% of the population of Gaza was directly affected by the land and sea restrictions due to the buffer zone.<a href="#cite_note-244">[240]</a> <a href="#cite_note-bbc_hard_times-236">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-imemc_2011-04-05-239">[235]</a> On 25 February 2013, pursuant to a November 2012 ceasefire, Israel declared a buffer zone of 100 meters on land and 6 nautical miles offshore. In the following month, the zone was changed to 300 meters and 3 nautical miles. The 1994 <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Jericho_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Jericho Agreement">Gaza Jericho Agreement</a> allows 20 nautical miles, and the 2002 Bertini Commitment allows 12 nautical miles.<a href="#cite_note-ocha_factsheet_july_2015-241">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-pchr_enforced_live_fire-237">[233]</a> In August 2015, the IDF confirmed a buffer zone of 300 meters for residents and 100 meters for farmers, but without explaining how to distinguish between the two.<a href="#cite_note-gisha_idf_spokesman-245">[241]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_Strip&action=edit">[update]</a>, on a third of Gaza's agricultural land, residents risk Israeli attacks. According to <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Palestinian Centre for Human Rights">PCHR</a>, Israeli attacks take place up to approximately 1.5 km (0.9 mi) from the border, making 17% of Gaza's total territory a risk zone.<a href="#cite_note-pchr_enforced_live_fire-237">[233]</a> Israel says the buffer zone is needed to protect Israeli communities just over the border from sniper fire and rocket attacks. In the 18 months until November 2010, one Thai farm worker in Israel was killed by a rocket fired from Gaza. In 2010, according to IDF figures, 180 rockets and mortars had been fired into Israel by militants. In 6 months, 11 Palestinians civilians, including four children, had been killed by Israeli fire and at least 70 Palestinian civilians were injured in the same period, including at least 49 who were working collecting rubble and scrap metal.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_hard_times-236">[232]</a> <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Gaza_border#Buffer_zone_by_Egypt" title="Egypt–Gaza border">A buffer zone</a> was also created on the Egyptian side of the Gaza–Egypt border. In 2014, scores of homes in <a href="/wiki/Rafah,_Egypt" title="Rafah, Egypt">Rafah</a> were destroyed for the buffer zone.<a href="#cite_note-246">[242]</a> According to Amnesty International, more than 800 homes were destroyed and more than 1,000 families evicted.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz_abbas-247">[243]</a> Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas agreed with the destruction of <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip_smuggling_tunnel#Measures_taken_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Strip smuggling tunnel">smuggling tunnels</a> by flooding them, and then punishing the owners of the houses that contained entrances to the tunnels, including demolishing their houses, arguing that the tunnels had produced 1,800 millionaires, and were used for smuggling weapons, drugs, cash, and equipment for forging documents.<a href="#cite_note-haaretz_abbas-247">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gaza_blockade">Gaza blockade</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a></div> Israel and Egypt maintain a blockade of the Gaza Strip in response to security concerns, such as the smuggling of weapons into Gaza. Israel has also stated that the blockade serves as "economic warfare".<a href="#cite_note-Sara_M._Roy-37">[33]</a> The Israeli human rights organization <a href="/wiki/Gisha_(human_rights_organization)" title="Gisha (human rights organization)">Gisha</a> reports that the blockade undermines basic living conditions and human rights in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-248">[244]</a> The Red Cross has reported that the blockade harms the economy and causes a shortage of basic medicines and equipment such as painkillers and x-ray film.<a href="#cite_note-249">[245]</a> Israel describes the blockade as necessary to prevent the smuggling of weapons into Gaza. Israel maintains that the blockade is legal and necessary to limit <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel" title="Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel">Palestinian rocket attacks</a> from the Gaza Strip on its cities and to prevent Hamas from obtaining other weapons,<a href="#cite_note-middleeastmonitor2013-250">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-idf100908-251">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-252">[248]</a> although the legality of the blockade has been challenged by multiple human rights organizations.<a href="#cite_note-253">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-254">[250]</a> According to director of the <a href="/wiki/Shin_Bet" title="Shin Bet">Shin Bet</a>, Hamas and <a href="/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Movement_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine">Islamic Jihad</a> had smuggled in over "5,000 rockets with ranges up to 40 km (25 mi)." Some of the rockets could reach as far as the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area">Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[251]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tent_camp_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tent_camp_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/220px-Tent_camp_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tent_camp_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/330px-Tent_camp_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Tent_camp_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg/440px-Tent_camp_gaza_strip_april_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Tent camp, April 2009, after <a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%9309)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza War (2008–09)">Operation Cast Lead</a></figcaption></figure>Facing mounting international pressure, Egypt lessened the restrictions starting in June 2010, when the Rafah border crossing from Egypt to Gaza was partially opened by Egypt. Egypt's foreign ministry said that the crossing would remain open mainly for people, but not for supplies.<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> Israel also eased restrictions in June 2010 as a result of international pressure following the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a> after which food shortages decreased.<a href="#cite_note-Sara_M._Roy2-257">[253]</a> The World Bank reported in 2012 that access to Gaza remained highly restricted and exports to the West Bank and Israel from Gaza are prohibited.<a href="#cite_note-258">[254]</a> This ban on exports was not lifted until 2014.<a href="#cite_note-259">[255]</a> In January and February 2011, the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs</a> (UNOCHA) assessed measures taken to ease the blockade<a href="#cite_note-ocha201103-260">[256]</a> and concluded that they were helpful but not sufficient to improve the lives of the local inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-ocha201103-260">[256]</a> UNOCHA called on Israel to reduce restrictions on exports and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_imports" title="Gaza imports">import</a> of construction materials, and to lift the general ban on movement between Gaza and the West Bank via Israel.<a href="#cite_note-ocha201103-260">[256]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" title="The Washington Institute for Near East Policy">The Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>, the blockade resulted in a loss of over $17 million in exports in 2006 from 2005 (roughly 3% of all Palestinian exports).<a href="#cite_note-:2-261">[257]</a> After Egyptian president Hosni Mubarak resigned on 28 May 2011, Egypt permanently opened its border with Gaza to students, medical patients, and foreign passport holders.<a href="#cite_note-ocha201103-260">[256]</a><a href="#cite_note-262">[258]</a> Following the <a href="/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2013 Egyptian coup d'état">2013 Egyptian coup d'état</a>, Egypt's military has destroyed most of the 1,200 tunnels which are used for smuggling food, weapons, and other goods to Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-263">[259]</a> After the <a href="/wiki/August_2013_Rabaa_Massacre" class="mw-redirect" title="August 2013 Rabaa Massacre">August 2013 Rabaa Massacre</a> in Egypt, the border crossing was closed 'indefinitely.'<a href="#cite_note-264">[260]</a> While the import of food is restricted through the Gaza blockade, the Israeli military destroys agricultural crops by spraying toxic chemicals over the Gazan lands, using aircraft flying over the border zone. According to the IDF, the spraying is intended "to prevent the concealment of IED's [Improvised Explosive Devices], and to disrupt and prevent the use of the area for destructive purposes."<a href="#cite_note-memo_destroying_crops-265">[261]</a> Gaza's agricultural research and development station was destroyed in 2014 and again in January 2016, while import of new equipment is obstructed.<a href="#cite_note-266">[262]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Movement_of_people">Movement of people</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Convoy_to_Gaza,_Palestine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Egyptian_Convoy_to_Gaza%2C_Palestine.jpg/220px-Egyptian_Convoy_to_Gaza%2C_Palestine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Egyptian_Convoy_to_Gaza%2C_Palestine.jpg/330px-Egyptian_Convoy_to_Gaza%2C_Palestine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Egyptian_Convoy_to_Gaza%2C_Palestine.jpg/440px-Egyptian_Convoy_to_Gaza%2C_Palestine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Rafah Border Crossing in 2012</figcaption></figure> Because of the Israeli–Egyptian blockade, the population is not free to leave or enter the Gaza Strip. Only in exceptional cases are people allowed to pass through the <a href="/wiki/Erez_Crossing" title="Erez Crossing">Erez Crossing</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Border_Crossing" title="Rafah Border Crossing">Rafah Border Crossing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ocha_factsheet_july_2015-241">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[263]</a> In 2015, a Gazan woman was not allowed to travel through Israel to Jordan on her way to her own wedding. The Israeli authorities found she did not meet the criteria for travel, namely only in exceptional humanitarian cases.<a href="#cite_note-268">[264]</a> Under the long-term blockade, the Gaza Strip is often described as a "prison-camp or open air prison for its collective denizens". The comparison is done by observers, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Roger_Cohen" title="Roger Cohen">Roger Cohen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Weschler" title="Lawrence Weschler">Lawrence Weschler</a> to NGOs, such as <a href="/wiki/B%27tselem" class="mw-redirect" title="B'tselem">B'tselem</a>, and politicians and diplomats, such as <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan" title="Recep Tayyip Erdoğan">Recep Tayyip Erdoğan</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Shoebridge" title="David Shoebridge">David Shoebridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Holmes_(British_diplomat)" title="John Holmes (British diplomat)">Sir John Holmes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-269">[265]</a> In 2014 French President <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> called for the demilitarization of Gaza and a lifting of the blockade, saying "Gaza must neither be an open prison nor a military base."<a href="#cite_note-270">[266]</a> An anonymous Israeli analyst has called it "Israel's <a href="/wiki/Alcatraz" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcatraz">Alcatraz</a>".<a href="#cite_note-271">[267]</a> While <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Booth" title="Lauren Booth">Lauren Booth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Raz2008-272">[268]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shlaifer2014-273">[269]</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_Slater" title="Philip Slater">Philip Slater</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Slater2011-274">[270]</a> <a href="/wiki/Giorgio_Agamben" title="Giorgio Agamben">Giorgio Agamben</a><a href="#cite_note-Jessica2013-275">[271]</a> compare it to a <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camp</a>. For <a href="/wiki/Robert_S._Wistrich" title="Robert S. Wistrich">Robert S. Wistrich</a>,<a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> and Philip Mendes,<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> such analogies are designed to offend Jews, while <a href="/wiki/Philip_Seib" title="Philip Seib">Philip Seib</a> dismisses the comparison as absurd, and claims that it arises from sources like <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a> and Arab leaders.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESeib2012153-278">[274]</a> Israel restricts movement of Palestinian residents between the West Bank and Gaza. Israel has implemented a policy of allowing Palestinian movement from the West Bank to Gaza, but making it quite difficult for Gaza residents to move to the West Bank. Israel typically refuses to allow Gaza residents to leave for the West Bank, even when the Gaza resident is originally a West Bank resident. The Israeli human-rights organization <a href="/wiki/Gisha_(human_rights_organization)" title="Gisha (human rights organization)">Gisha</a> has helped Gaza residents who had moved from the West Bank to Gaza return to the West Bank arguing that extremely pressing personal circumstances provide humanitarian grounds for relief.<a href="#cite_note-279">[275]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Economy of the Gaza Strip">Economy of the Gaza Strip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Economy of the State of Palestine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GazaTextiles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GazaTextiles.jpg/220px-GazaTextiles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GazaTextiles.jpg/330px-GazaTextiles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/GazaTextiles.jpg/440px-GazaTextiles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="793" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Backyard industry</figcaption></figure> During the course of the Israeli occupation, Gaza's economy has gone from a state of under-development with a deep dependency on Israel and strong ties to the West Bank, to a now isolated economy, deprived of the capacity to produce and innovate and subject to the damage of ongoing Israeli military attacks. Gaza's economy is characterized by high levels of unemployment and impoverishment, with over 75% of the population dependent on humanitarian aid. Political economist Sara Roy, the leading authority on the economy of the Gaza Strip, describes the 2005 <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">Israeli disengagement from Gaza</a> as a turning point in Israeli policy, where previously Israel sought to control and dominate the economy of the Strip to serve its own interests, current policies seek to disable the economy, with the political goal of reducing the demands of the population for national, political and economic rights into a humanitarian problem.<a href="#cite_note-Sara_M._Roy-37">[33]</a> The economy of the Gaza Strip is severely hampered by Egypt and Israel's almost total blockade, and has one of the world's highest <a href="/wiki/Population_densities" class="mw-redirect" title="Population densities">population densities</a>,<a href="#cite_note-nbcpd-32">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-arc-33">[29]</a> limited land access, strict internal and external security controls, the effects of Israeli military operations, and restrictions on labor and trade access across the border. A 2015 UN report estimated that 72% of the population suffers from food insecurity.<a href="#cite_note-280">[276]</a> <a href="/wiki/Per_capita_income" title="Per capita income">Per capita income</a> was estimated at US$3,100 in 2009, a position of 164th in the world.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a> A UN report in 2022 estimated Gaza Strip's unemployment rate to be 45% and 65% of the population under poverty, living standards went down by 27% compared to 2006 and 80% of the population depends on international aid for survival.<a href="#cite_note-281">[277]</a> Access to essential needs, such as water, is limited, with only 10–25% of households having access to running water on a daily basis, typically for only a few hours a day. Out of "dire necessity", 75–90% of the population relies on unsafe water from unregulated vendors. Accordingly, 26% of disease in Gaza is water related and a 48% prevalence of nitrate poisoning in children. The water shortage in Gaza is a result of Israeli policies and control of aquifers, withholding from Gaza enough water to meet Gaza's needs many times over.<a href="#cite_note-Sara_M._Roy-37">[33]</a> The <a href="/wiki/EU" class="mw-redirect" title="EU">EU</a> described the Gaza economy in 2013 as follows: "Since Hamas took control of Gaza in 2007 and following the closure imposed by Israel, the situation in the Strip has been one of chronic need, de-development and donor dependency, despite a temporary relaxation on restrictions in movement of people and goods following a <a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">flotilla raid</a> in 2010. The closure has effectively cut off access for exports to traditional markets in Israel, transfers to the West Bank and has severely restricted imports. Exports are now down to 2% of 2007 levels."<a href="#cite_note-eccpalestine.org-195">[191]</a> According to Sara Roy, one senior IDF officer told an UNWRA official in 2015 that Israel's policy towards Gaza consisted of: "No development, no prosperity, no humanitarian crisis."<a href="#cite_note-282">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Israeli_policies_following_Israeli_military_occupation">Israeli policies following Israeli military occupation</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dan_Hadani_collection_(990044373540205171).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044373540205171%29.jpg/220px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044373540205171%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044373540205171%29.jpg/330px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044373540205171%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044373540205171%29.jpg/440px-Dan_Hadani_collection_%28990044373540205171%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3319" data-file-height="2080" /></a><figcaption>Israeli soldiers check Palestinian men in Gaza in 1969</figcaption></figure> In 1984, former deputy mayor of Jerusalem, <a href="/wiki/Meron_Benvenisti" title="Meron Benvenisti">Meron Benvenisti</a>, described Israeli policy in the occupied territories as motivated primarily by the notion that Palestinian claims to economic and political rights are illegitimate. He wrote that the economic policies stifle Palestinian economic development with the primary goal of prohibiting the establishment of a Palestinian state.<a href="#cite_note-Meron_Benvenisti-283">[279]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Roy" title="Sara Roy">Sara Roy</a> describes Israeli policies in Gaza as policies of "de-development," which are specifically designed to destroy an economy and ensure that there can be no economic base to support local, independent development and growth. Roy explains that the framework for Israeli policy established between 1967 and 1973 would not change, even with the limited self-rule introduced by the Oslo Accords in the 1990s, but would grow dramatically more draconian in the early 2000s.<a href="#cite_note-284">[280]</a> Israeli economic policies in Gaza tied long-term development directly to conditions and interests in Israel rather than to productive domestic structural reform and development. With reduced access to its own resources (largely deprived of them as a result of Israel policies<a href="#cite_note-285">[281]</a>), Gaza's economy grew increasingly dependent on external sources of income. Israeli policies under the authority of the military government exacerbated dependence while externalizing (or reorienting) the economy towards Israeli priorities. This reorientation of the economy included shifting the labor force away from developing domestic agriculture and industry towards labor-intensive subcontracting jobs supporting Israeli industry in addition to unskilled labor jobs in Israel itself. Notably, the Israeli government barred Palestinians of Gaza from taking white-collar roles in public services (with the exception of services such as street cleaning).<a href="#cite_note-286">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-287">[283]</a> In 1992, 70% of Gaza's labor force worked in Israel, 90% of Gaza's imports came through Israel, and 80% of its exports went through Israel.<a href="#cite_note-Anne_Le_More-288">[284]</a> Israeli efforts to expand employment within Gaza were largely through relief works, which, as a purely income-generating project, does not contribute to development.<a href="#cite_note-289">[285]</a> The Israeli military government's expenditure on industry in the Gaza Strip between 1984 and 1986 was 0.3% of the total budget, with the development of industry receiving no investment at all.<a href="#cite_note-290">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-291">[287]</a> Despite the worsening living conditions in Gaza, the Israeli government continued to invest minimally throughout the military government's rule. The Gaza budget did not impose any financial burden on Israeli taxpayers, despite statements from Israeli officials that limited investment was due to financial constraints. From the 1970s and throughout the duration of the Israeli military government's authority, income tax deductions from Palestinians in Gaza exceeded Israeli expenditure, resulting in a net transfer of money from Gaza into Israel.<a href="#cite_note-292">[288]</a> Throughout its authority, the Israeli military government maintained a budget with little to no capital investment in Gaza. Additionally, the fiscal system resulted in a net outflow of domestic resources from the Palestinian economy.<a href="#cite_note-Anne_Le_More-288">[284]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_Strip_1999.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gaza_Strip_1999.jpg/220px-Gaza_Strip_1999.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gaza_Strip_1999.jpg/330px-Gaza_Strip_1999.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Gaza_Strip_1999.jpg/440px-Gaza_Strip_1999.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Gaza Strip in March 1999. The major <a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlement" title="Israeli settlement">settlement blocs</a> were the blue-shaded regions of this map.</figcaption></figure> The result was the continuous transfer of local resources out of Gaza's economy and the increased vulnerability of the economy to external conditions such as Israeli market needs, but most vividly seen by the impacts of the current Israeli blockade and Israel's destructive military campaigns in Gaza. The economy's extreme dependence on Israel during this period is highlighted by the fact that by 1987, 60% of Gaza's GNP came from external payments, primarily through employment in Israel. Israeli policies also undercut any potential competition from Gazan products through generous subsidies to Israeli agriculture. Further, Israel banned exports to all Western markets, and enterprises that might compete with Israeli counterparts suffered as a result of the military authority's regulation. For example, permits from military authorities (which could take five years or longer to acquire) were required in order to plant new citrus trees or replace old ones, and farmers were prohibited from clearing their own land without permission. In addition, military authorities constrained fishing areas to prevent any threat of competition with Israeli products. Even juice and vegetable processing factories (which could make productive use of crop surpluses) were prohibited by the Israeli government until 1992.<a href="#cite_note-293">[289]</a> As Sara Roy describes, Gazan "[e]conomic activity is determined by state policies, not market dynamics."<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> Policies of the Israeli military authorities in Gaza also restricted and undermined institutions that could support and plan for productive investment and economic development. Permission was required, for example, for the development of any new programs and for personnel change. Permission was also required to hold a meeting of three or more people. From the start of the occupation until 1994, municipalities did not have authority over, for example, water and electricity allocation, public markets, public health, and transportation. Decision-making and the initiation of new projects required the approval of the military governor. Even under the Oslo agreement, Israel maintains authority over zoning and land use. Further, municipal governments had no authority to generate revenue. Specifically, they could not introduce taxes or fees without approval from Israeli authorities. Accordingly, municipalities and local institutions often relied on donations from external sources, although access to the funds was often denied even after they had been deposited in Israeli banks. At the start of the occupation, the military government closed all Arab banks in the occupied territories. Branches of Israeli banks were allowed to transfer funds and provide services for importing and exporting businesses. Further, no banks were allowed to supply long-term credit, which seriously limited the potential for economic development.<a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industries">Industries</h3></div> Gaza Strip industries are generally small family businesses that produce <a href="/wiki/Textiles" class="mw-redirect" title="Textiles">textiles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soap" title="Soap">soap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive#Olive_wood" title="Olive">olive-wood</a> carvings, and <a href="/wiki/Nacre" title="Nacre">mother-of-pearl</a> souvenirs. The main agricultural products are <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Citrus" title="Citrus">citrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vegetable" title="Vegetable">vegetables</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halal" title="Halal">Halal</a> <a href="/wiki/Beef" title="Beef">beef</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dairy_products" class="mw-redirect" title="Dairy products">dairy products</a>. Primary exports are citrus and <a href="/wiki/Cut_flowers" title="Cut flowers">cut flowers</a>, while primary imports are food, consumer goods, and construction materials. The main trade partners of the Gaza Strip are Israel and Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_resources">Natural resources</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Natural gas in the Gaza Strip">Natural gas in the Gaza Strip</a></div> Natural resources of Gaza include <a href="/wiki/Arable_land" title="Arable land">arable land</a>—about a third of the Strip is irrigated. Recently, <a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">natural gas</a> was discovered. The Gaza Strip is largely dependent on water from <a href="/wiki/Besor_Stream" class="mw-redirect" title="Besor Stream">Wadi Gaza</a>, which also supplies Israel.<a href="#cite_note-google2-296">[292]</a> Most of water comes from groundwater wells (90% in 2021). Its quality is low and most of it is unfit for human consumption. The remainder is produced by water desalination plants or bought from Israel's <a href="/wiki/Mekorot" title="Mekorot">Mekorot</a> (6% of all water in 2021).<a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch" title="Human Rights Watch">Human Rights Watch</a>, international humanitarian law requires Israel, as the occupying power in Gaza, to ensure that the basic needs of the civilian population are provided for.<a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a> Gaza's marine gas reserves extend 32 kilometres from the Gaza Strip's coastline<a href="#cite_note-Nafeez-299">[295]</a> and were calculated at 35 <a href="/wiki/BCM_(gas)" class="mw-redirect" title="BCM (gas)">BCM</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rand-300">[296]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Demographics of the State of Palestine">Demographics of the State of Palestine</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jabalia_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Jabalia_23.jpg/220px-Jabalia_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Jabalia_23.jpg/330px-Jabalia_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Jabalia_23.jpg/440px-Jabalia_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Palestinian girls in <a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a> in 2009</figcaption></figure> In 2010, approximately 1.6 million people lived in the Gaza Strip,<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a> almost 1.0 million of them were UN-registered refugees.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> The majority descend from refugees who were driven from or left their homes during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The Strip's population has continued to increase since that time, mainly due to a <a href="/wiki/Total_fertility_rate" title="Total fertility rate">total fertility rate</a> which peaked at 8.3 children per woman in 1991. This fell to 4.4 children per woman in 2013 which was still among the highest worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-302">[298]</a> In a <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_fertility_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by fertility rate">ranking by total fertility rate</a>, this places Gaza 34th of 224 regions.<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-302">[298]</a> This leads to the Gaza Strip having an unusually high proportion of children in the population, with 43.5% of the population being 14 or younger and a median age in 2014 of 18, compared to a world average of 28, and 30 in Israel. The only countries with a lower median age are countries in Africa such as Uganda where it was 15.<a href="#cite_note-:0-302">[298]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_(Omari_Mosque).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg/220px-Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="235" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg/330px-Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg/440px-Great_Mosque_of_Gaza_%28Omari_Mosque%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2835" data-file-height="3033" /></a><figcaption>View of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a>, the oldest mosque in Gaza dating to the 7th century CE, which was destroyed by Israeli airstrikes during the <a href="/wiki/2023_Hamas-Israel_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Hamas-Israel war">2023 Hamas–Israel war</a></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunni Muslim">Sunni Muslims</a> make up 99.8 percent of the population in the Gaza Strip, with an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 (0.2 percent) <a href="/wiki/Arab_Christians" title="Arab Christians">Arab Christians</a>.<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a><a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Gaza Strip Religions (2012 est.)<a href="#cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">[9]</a></th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;"></td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Islam</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:98%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">98%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Christianity</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:grey; width:1%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Islamism_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Islamism in the Gaza Strip">Islamism in the Gaza Strip</a></div> From 1987 to 1991, during the <a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a>, Hamas campaigned for the wearing of the <a href="/wiki/Hijab" title="Hijab">hijab</a> head-cover. In the course of this campaign, women who chose not to wear the hijab were verbally and physically harassed by Hamas activists, leading to hijabs being worn "just to avoid problems on the streets".<a href="#cite_note-Ruben-304">[300]</a> Since Hamas took over in 2007, attempts have been made by Islamist activists to impose "<a href="/wiki/Islamic_dress" class="mw-redirect" title="Islamic dress">Islamic dress</a>" and to require women to wear the hijab.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-305">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-xinhua-306">[302]</a> The government's "Islamic Endowment Ministry" has deployed <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virtue_Committee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virtue Committee (page does not exist)">Virtue Committee</a> members to warn citizens of the "dangers of immodest dress, card playing and dating".<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-307">[303]</a> However, there are no government laws imposing dress and other moral standards, and the Hamas education ministry reversed one effort to impose Islamic dress on students.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-305">[301]</a> There has also been successful resistance[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">by whom?</a>] to attempts by local Hamas officials to impose Islamic dress on women.<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> According to Human Rights Watch, the Hamas-controlled government stepped up its efforts to "Islamize" Gaza in 2010, efforts it says included the "repression of civil society" and "severe violations of personal freedom."<a href="#cite_note-Esveld-309">[305]</a> Palestinian researcher Khaled Al-Hroub has criticized what he called the "<a href="/wiki/Taliban" title="Taliban">Taliban</a>-like steps" Hamas has taken: "The Islamization that has been forced upon the Gaza Strip—the suppression of social, cultural, and press freedoms that do not suit Hamas's view[s]—is an egregious deed that must be opposed. It is the reenactment, under a religious guise, of the experience of [other] totalitarian regimes and dictatorships."<a href="#cite_note-310">[306]</a> Hamas officials denied having any plans to impose Islamic law. One legislator stated that "[w]hat you are seeing are incidents, not policy" and that "we believe in persuasion".<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-307">[303]</a> Violence against Christians has been recorded. The owner of a Christian bookshop was abducted and murdered<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> and in February 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Young_Men%27s_Christian_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Men's Christian Association">Young Men's Christian Association</a> (YMCA) library in Gaza City was bombed.<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> At least eighteen people were killed when Israel bombed the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius">Church of Saint Porphyrius</a>, which is the oldest in Gaza, on 19 October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> In addition to Hamas, a <a href="/wiki/Salafist" class="mw-redirect" title="Salafist">Salafist</a> movement began to appear about 2005 in Gaza, characterized by "a strict lifestyle based on that of the earliest followers of Islam".<a href="#cite_note-bbc-salafist-314">[310]</a> As of 2015<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gaza_Strip&action=edit">[update]</a>, there are estimated to be only "hundreds or perhaps a few thousand" Salafists in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-salafist-314">[310]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine">List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_literacy_rate" title="List of countries by literacy rate">List of countries by literacy rate</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/220px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/330px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg/440px-Girls_lining_up_for_class_-_Flickr_-_Al_Jazeera_English.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Schoolgirls in <a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a> lining up for class, 2009</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ucas1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ucas1.jpg/220px-Ucas1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ucas1.jpg/330px-Ucas1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Ucas1.jpg/440px-Ucas1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/University_College_of_Applied_Sciences" title="University College of Applied Sciences">University College of Applied Sciences</a>, the largest college in Gaza</figcaption></figure> Palestine had a reported 97% literacy rate (96% for females, 99% for males) in 2019 and youth literacy rate (ages 15–24) of 88% in 2020 (94% for females, 82% for males).<a href="#cite_note-auto-36">[32]</a> According to UNRWA figures, there are 640 schools in Gaza: 383 government schools, 221 UNRWA schools and 36 private schools, serving a total of 441,452 students.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> In 2010, Al Zahara, a private school in central Gaza introduced a special program for mental development based on math computations. The program was created in Malaysia in 1993, according to the school principal, Majed al-Bari.<a href="#cite_note-316">[312]</a> In June 2011, some Gazans, upset that UNRWA did not rebuild their homes that were lost in the Second Intifada, blocked UNRWA from performing its services and shut down UNRWA's summer camps. Gaza residents closed UNRWA's emergency department, social services office and ration stores.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> In 2012, there were five universities in the Gaza Strip and eight new schools were under construction.<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> By 2018, nine universities were open. The Community College of Applied Science and Technology (CCAST) was established in 1998 in Gaza City. In 2003, the college moved into its new campus and established the Gaza Polytechnic Institute (GPI) in 2006 in southern Gaza. In 2007, the college received accreditation to award BA degrees as the <a href="/wiki/University_College_of_Applied_Sciences" title="University College of Applied Sciences">University College of Applied Sciences</a> (UCAS). In 2010, the college had a student population of 6,000, in eight departments offering over 40 majors.<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:View_of_the_hospital_from_the_north.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/View_of_the_hospital_from_the_north.jpg/220px-View_of_the_hospital_from_the_north.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/View_of_the_hospital_from_the_north.jpg/330px-View_of_the_hospital_from_the_north.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/View_of_the_hospital_from_the_north.jpg/440px-View_of_the_hospital_from_the_north.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Turkish-Palestinian_Friendship_Hospital" title="Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital">Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital</a> and the IUG Faculty of Medicine buildings</figcaption></figure> In Gaza, there are hospitals and additional healthcare facilities. Because of the high number of young people the <a href="/wiki/Mortality_rate" title="Mortality rate">mortality rate</a> is one of the lowest in the world, at 0.315% per year.<a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> The infant mortality rate is ranked 105th highest out of 224 countries and territories, at 16.55 deaths per 1,000 births.<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a> The Gaza Strip places 24th out of 135 countries according to <a href="/wiki/Human_Poverty_Index" title="Human Poverty Index">Human Poverty Index</a>. According to the World Health Organization, in 2022 the average life expectancy for males was 72.5 years and 75 years for females, about the same as Egypt, Lebanon or Jordan, but lower than in Israel.<a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a> A study carried out by <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University" title="Johns Hopkins University">Johns Hopkins University</a> (US) and <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a> (in <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a>) for <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_for_Assistance_and_Relief_Everywhere" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere">CARE International</a> in late 2002 revealed very high levels of dietary deficiency among the Palestinian population. The study found that 17.5% of children aged 6–59 months suffered from chronic <a href="/wiki/Malnutrition" title="Malnutrition">malnutrition</a>. 53% of women of reproductive age and 44% of children were found to be <a href="/wiki/Anemia" title="Anemia">anemic</a>. Insecurity in obtaining sufficient food as of 2016 affects roughly 70% of Gaza households, as the number of people requiring assistance from UN agencies has risen from 72,000 in 2000, to 800,000 in 2014.<a href="#cite_note-323">[319]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest,_25_November_2023_142309_(redacted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/220px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/330px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg/440px-Cardiff_Solidarity_for_Palestine_protest%2C_25_November_2023_142309_%28redacted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Photos of healthcare workers in Gaza killed during the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a>, 25 November 2023</figcaption></figure> After the Hamas takeover of the Gaza Strip health conditions in Gaza Strip faced new challenges. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) expressed its concerns about the consequences of the Palestinian internal political fragmentation; the socioeconomic decline; military actions; and the physical, psychological and economic isolation on the health of the population in Gaza.<a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> In a 2012 study of the occupied territories, the WHO reported that roughly 50% of the young children and infants under two years old and 39.1% of pregnant women receiving antenatal services care in Gaza suffer from iron-deficiency anemia. The organization also observed chronic malnutrition in children under five "is not improving and may be deteriorating."<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> According to Palestinian leaders in the Gaza Strip, the majority of medical aid delivered are "past their expiration date." Mounir el-Barash, the director of donations in Gaza's health department, claims 30% of aid sent to Gaza is used.<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">failed verification</a>] Gazans who desire medical care in Israeli hospitals must apply for a medical visa permit. In 2007, State of Israel granted 7,176 permits and denied 1,627.<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> In 2012, two hospitals funded by Turkey and Saudi Arabia were under construction.<a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a> As a result of fighting in Gaza during the <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel-Hamas war</a>, many of Gaza's hospitals have sustained serious damage.<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a> During the war, a polio vaccination campaign successfully immunized over 187,000 children under ten in central Gaza—exceeding initial targets—with the support of local and international health organizations, amidst humanitarian pauses to ensure coverage across insecure areas.<a href="#cite_note-331">[327]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture_and_sports">Culture and sports</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1.jpg/220px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1.jpg/330px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1.jpg/440px-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Gaza amusement park</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UNRWA_Summer_Game_July_2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UNRWA_Summer_Game_July_2010.jpg/220px-UNRWA_Summer_Game_July_2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UNRWA_Summer_Game_July_2010.jpg/330px-UNRWA_Summer_Game_July_2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/UNRWA_Summer_Game_July_2010.jpg/440px-UNRWA_Summer_Game_July_2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="667" /></a><figcaption>Gaza Summer Games 2010, a children's event organized by the UN Agency for Palestinian Refugees <a href="/wiki/UNRWA" title="UNRWA">UNRWA</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fine_arts">Fine arts</h3></div> The Gaza Strip has been home to a significant branch of the contemporary Palestinian art movement since the mid-20th century. Notable artists include painters Ismail Ashour, Shafiq Redwan, Bashir Senwar, Majed Shalla, Fayez Sersawi, Abdul Rahman al Muzayan and Ismail Shammout, and media artists Taysir Batniji (who lives in France) and <a href="/wiki/Laila_Shawa" title="Laila Shawa">Laila al Shawa</a> (who lives in London). An emerging generation of artists is also active in nonprofit art organizations such as Windows From Gaza and Eltiqa Group, which regularly host exhibitions and events open to the public.<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hikaye">Hikaye</h3></div> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_hikaye" title="Palestinian hikaye">Hikaye</a> is an important aspect of Palestinian women's oral culture and was inscribed by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> to its list of <a href="/wiki/Intangible_cultural_heritage_of_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Intangible cultural heritage of Palestine">intangible cultural heritage</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> In 1989 some written version of these stories were recorded from Gaza and published alongside many others, in the volume <a href="/wiki/Speak,_Bird,_Speak_Again" title="Speak, Bird, Speak Again">Speak Bird, Speak Again</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeology">Archaeology</h3></div> The <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Museum_of_Archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Museum of Archaeology">Gaza Museum of Archaeology</a> was established by Jawdat N. Khoudary in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes08-335">[331]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Al_Qarara_Cultural_Museum" title="Al Qarara Cultural Museum">Al Qarara Cultural Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a> was destroyed in an explosion as a result of an <a href="/wiki/2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" class="mw-redirect" title="2023 Israel–Hamas war">Israeli attack</a> in October 2023.<a href="#cite_note-336">[332]</a><a href="#cite_note-337">[333]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Athletics">Athletics</h3></div> In 2010, Gaza inaugurated its first <a href="/wiki/Olympic-size_swimming_pool" title="Olympic-size swimming pool">Olympic-size swimming pool</a> at the <a href="/wiki/As-Sadaka" title="As-Sadaka">As-Sadaka</a> club. The opening ceremony was held by the Islamic Society.<a href="#cite_note-Maan-338">[334]</a> The swimming team of as-Sadaka holds several gold and silver medals from Palestinian swimming competitions.<a href="#cite_note-sadaka-339">[335]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/PK_Gaza_(Gaza_Parkour)" class="mw-redirect" title="PK Gaza (Gaza Parkour)">PK Gaza (Gaza Parkour)</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Gaza_Strip" title="Special:EditPage/Gaza Strip">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2023) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gaza_airport_03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gaza_airport_03.jpg/220px-Gaza_airport_03.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gaza_airport_03.jpg/330px-Gaza_airport_03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Gaza_airport_03.jpg/440px-Gaza_airport_03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>A damaged part of the <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_International_Airport" title="Yasser Arafat International Airport">Yasser Arafat International Airport</a>, 2002</figcaption></figure> From 1920 to 1948, the Gaza Strip hosted sections of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Railways" title="Palestine Railways">Palestine Railways</a>, connecting the region with Egypt. Due to the on-going blockade of Gaza, any external travel from Gaza requires cooperation from either Egypt or Israel. <a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_Road" title="Salah al-Din Road">Salah al-Din Road</a>, also known as the Salah ad-Deen Highway, is the main highway of the Gaza Strip. It extends over 45 km (28 mi), spanning the entire length of the territory from the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah Crossing">Rafah Crossing</a> in the south to the <a href="/wiki/Erez_Crossing" title="Erez Crossing">Erez Crossing</a> in the north. Prior to Israel's establishment, the road provided linkage between Egypt and Lebanon.<a href="#cite_note-National-340">[336]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gaza" title="Port of Gaza">Port of Gaza</a> has been an important and active port since antiquity. Despite <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Seaport_Plans" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Seaport Plans">plans</a> under the Oslo Peace Accords to expand the port, it has been under <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">a blockade</a> since Hamas was elected as a majority party in the 2006 elections. Both the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Navy" title="Israeli Navy">Israeli Navy</a> and Egypt enforce the blockade, which limits many aspects of life in Gaza. According to Human Rights Watch, it particularly limits the movement of people and commerce, with exports being most affected. The improvement and rebuilding of infrastructure is also negatively impacted by these sanctions.<a href="#cite_note-341">[337]</a> Plans to expand the port were halted after the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Intifada" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Intifada">al-Aqsa Intifada</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_International_Airport" title="Yasser Arafat International Airport">Yasser Arafat International Airport</a> opened in November 1998 after the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_II_Accord" title="Oslo II Accord">Oslo II Accord</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum" title="Wye River Memorandum">Wye River Memorandum</a>. It was forced to close after Israel deconstruction in October 2000. Its radar station and control tower were destroyed by Israel Defense Forces aircraft in 2001 during the al-Aqsa Intifada. Bulldozers razed the runway in January 2002.<a href="#cite_note-msnbc_fly_again-231">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbc2005-232">[228]</a> The only remaining runway in the Strip, at the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif_Airport" title="Gush Katif Airport">Gush Katif Airport</a>, fell into disuse following Israeli disengagement. The airspace over Gaza may be restricted by the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force" title="Israeli Air Force">Israeli Air Force</a> as the Oslo Accords authorized. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_border_crossings">Land border crossings</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#Border_crossings" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip § Border crossings</a></div> There are just a few land border crossings between the Strip on one side, and Israel and Egypt on the other, of which not all are open as of 2023. Land border crossings with Israel include the <a href="/wiki/Kerem_Shalom_border_crossing" title="Kerem Shalom border crossing">Kerem Shalom border crossing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erez_Crossing" title="Erez Crossing">Erez Crossing</a> (also known as Beit Hanoun Crossing), and the <a href="/wiki/Nitzana_Border_Crossing" title="Nitzana Border Crossing">Nitzana Border Crossing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-1st-342">[338]</a> The land border crossings with Egypt include the <a href="/wiki/Rafah_Crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah Crossing">Rafah Crossing</a> and the Salah al-Din Gate.<a href="#cite_note-1st-342">[338]</a><a href="#cite_note-DC-343">[339]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Television_and_radio">Television and radio</h2></div> In 2004, most Gaza households had a radio and a TV (70%+), and approximately 20% had a <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>. People living in Gaza have access to <a href="/wiki/Free-to-air" title="Free-to-air">FTA</a> satellite programs, broadcast TV from the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">Israel Broadcasting Authority</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Second_Israeli_Broadcasting_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Israeli Broadcasting Authority">Second Israeli Broadcasting Authority</a>.<a href="#cite_note-344">[340]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_sites_and_historical_buildings">Archaeological sites and historical buildings</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_sites_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Category:Archaeological sites in the Gaza Strip">Category:Archaeological sites in the Gaza Strip</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp" title="Al-Shati refugee camp">Al-Shati refugee camp</a> digs, including Graeco-Roman port city of <a href="/wiki/Anthedon_(Palestine)" title="Anthedon (Palestine)">Anthedon</a>. Iron Age rampart, Persian (<a href="/wiki/Achaemenid" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid">Achaemenid</a>)-period houses, Hellenistic emporium, Byzantine cemetery.<a href="#cite_note-345">[341]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureij_mosaic" title="Bureij mosaic">Bureij mosaic</a>, Byzantine period</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius">Church of Saint Porphyrius</a>, with Crusader-period elements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_synagogue" title="Gaza synagogue">Gaza synagogue</a> (508 CE), at <a href="/wiki/Maiuma_(city)" title="Maiuma (city)">Maiuma</a>. Mosaic of David playing the lyre now in <a href="/wiki/Inn_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Inn of the Good Samaritan">Inn of the Good Samaritan</a> Museum.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a>, Mamluk period with both older and more recent elements</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiuma_(city)#Remains_of_Maiuma" title="Maiuma (city)">Maiuma: Remains of Maiuma</a> in <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gaza" title="Port of Gaza">Port of Gaza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rimal_district" class="mw-redirect" title="Rimal district">Rimal district</a>. See <a href="/wiki/Gaza_synagogue" title="Gaza synagogue">Gaza synagogue</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Seridus" title="Monastery of Seridus">Monastery of Seridus</a> known from Byzantine-period sources. Proposed identification with remains in Deir e-Nuse(i)rat.<a href="#cite_note-YH04-346">[342]</a></li> <li>Mukheitim site in <a href="/wiki/Jabaliya" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabaliya">Jabaliya</a>: fifth-century Byzantine monastic church, mosaic floor restored in 2022<a href="#cite_note-347">[343]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Basha" title="Qasr al-Basha">Qasr al-Basha</a>, Mamluk-period palace</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Hilarion_Monastery" title="Saint Hilarion Monastery">Saint Hilarion Monastery</a>: see Tell Umm el-'Amr</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_el-Ajjul" title="Tell el-Ajjul">Tell el-Ajjul</a>, Bronze Age tell</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sakan" title="Tell es-Sakan">Tell es-Sakan</a>, site of two Early Bronze Age settlements including a port on now silted-up arm of Wadi Ghazzeh. Bulldozed in 2017.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Umm_el-%27Amr" title="Tell Umm el-'Amr">Tell Umm el-'Amr</a>, archaeological site in <a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_refugee_camp" title="Nuseirat refugee camp">Nuseirat refugee camp</a>. Byzantine-period monastic remains, including <a href="/wiki/Saint_Hilarion_Monastery" title="Saint Hilarion Monastery">Saint Hilarion Monastery</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeology_collections">Archaeology collections</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Mat%27haf" title="Al Mat'haf">Al Mat'haf</a> Museum in Al Mat'haf Hotel. Bronze Age to 20th-century artifacts.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupied_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli occupied territories">Israeli occupied territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_genocide" title="Gaza genocide">Gaza genocide</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> This includes the roughly 60% of the Gaza strip under evacuation orders,<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> as well the <a href="/wiki/Netzarim_Corridor" title="Netzarim Corridor">Netzarim Corridor</a>, and an "expanded buffer zone"<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> encompassing 16% of the Gaza strip. </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> is <a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine#Diplomatic_recognitions" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">recognized by 145 members of the United Nations as well as the Holy See</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Although Israel <a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza">withdrew from the Gaza Strip</a> in 2005, the United Nations, international human rights organizations and many legal scholars regard the Gaza Strip to still be under military occupation by Israel,<a href="#cite_note-6">[4]</a> as Israel still maintains direct control over Gaza's air and maritime space, all of Gaza's seven land crossings, a no-go buffer zone within the territory, and the Palestinian population registry. While the majority argues that the Gaza Strip is still occupied,<a href="#cite_note-7">[5]</a> Israel and other legal scholars dispute this.<a href="#cite_note-8">[6]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Before 2023, Gaza City was the largest city in the Gaza Strip and the State of Palestine as a whole. Following attacks by Israel, a large amount of refugees from Gaza City and elsewhere in the Strip evacuated into the border city of Rafah, effectively making it the most populous city. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nyt_mideast-accord-1"><a href="#cite_ref-nyt_mideast-accord_1-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/05/world/mideast-accord-overview-rabin-arafat-sign-accord-ending-israel-s-27-year-hold.html">"Mideast accord: the overview; Rabin and Arafat sign accord ending Israel's 27-year hold on Jericho and the Gaza Strip"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201209052541/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/05/world/mideast-accord-overview-rabin-arafat-sign-accord-ending-israel-s-27-year-hold.html">Archived</a> 9 December 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Chris Hedges, The New York Times, 5 May 1994. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeauleFerris2024" class="citation news cs1">Beaule, Victoria; Ferris, Layla (5 January 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240402012915/https://abcnews.go.com/International/visual-analysis-shows-60-gaza-now-evacuation-orders/story?id=106079156">"Visual analysis shows 60% of Gaza now under evacuation orders"</a>. ABC News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/visual-analysis-shows-60-gaza-now-evacuation-orders/story?id=106079156">the original</a> on 2 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Visual+analysis+shows+60%25+of+Gaza+now+under+evacuation+orders&rft.date=2024-01-05&rft.aulast=Beaule&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Ferris%2C+Layla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fvisual-analysis-shows-60-gaza-now-evacuation-orders%2Fstory%3Fid%3D106079156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichaeliScharf2024" class="citation news cs1">Michaeli, Yarden; Scharf, Avi (28 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240401062802/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/security-aviation/2024-03-28/ty-article-magazine/.premium/buffer-zone-and-control-corridor-what-israeli-armys-entrenchment-in-gaza-looks-like/0000018e-8556-df92-a5ff-e77e0d6a0000">"Buffer Zone and Control Corridor: What the Israeli Army's Entrenchment in Gaza Looks Like"</a>. Haaretz. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/security-aviation/2024-03-28/ty-article-magazine/.premium/buffer-zone-and-control-corridor-what-israeli-armys-entrenchment-in-gaza-looks-like/0000018e-8556-df92-a5ff-e77e0d6a0000">the original</a> on 1 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Buffer+Zone+and+Control+Corridor%3A+What+the+Israeli+Army%27s+Entrenchment+in+Gaza+Looks+Like&rft.date=2024-03-28&rft.aulast=Michaeli&rft.aufirst=Yarden&rft.au=Scharf%2C+Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fsecurity-aviation%2F2024-03-28%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.premium%2Fbuffer-zone-and-control-corridor-what-israeli-armys-entrenchment-in-gaza-looks-like%2F0000018e-8556-df92-a5ff-e77e0d6a0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger2011" class="citation book cs1">Sanger, Andrew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429">"The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla"</a>. In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14">10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6704-811-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6704-811-8"><bdi>978-90-6704-811-8</bdi></a>. <q>Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a State nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However, the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border, and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will. Israel continues to control all of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry. It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Contemporary+Law+of+Blockade+and+the+Gaza+Freedom+Flotilla&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+International+Humanitarian+Law+-+2010&rft.pages=429&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14&rft.isbn=978-90-6704-811-8&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhYiIWVlpFzEC%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScobbie2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Scobbie" title="Iain Scobbie">Scobbie, Iain</a> (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295">International Law and the Classification of Conflicts</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965775-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965775-9"><bdi>978-0-19-965775-9</bdi></a>. <q>Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+and+the+Classification+of+Conflicts&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-965775-9&rft.aulast=Scobbie&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGM90Xp03uuEC%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> * <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawerc2012" class="citation book cs1">Gawerc, Michelle (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44">Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships</a>. Lexington Books. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739166109" title="Special:BookSources/9780739166109"><bdi>9780739166109</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228174718/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2016. <q>While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, it remained in control of all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water, electricity sewage communication networks and for its trade (Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human rights organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prefiguring+Peace%3A+Israeli-Palestinian+Peacebuilding+Partnerships&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780739166109&rft.aulast=Gawerc&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHka8FZ4UdWUC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuyckens2016" class="citation journal cs1">Cuyckens, Hanne (1 October 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1">"Is Israel Still an Occupying Power in Gaza?"</a>. Netherlands International Law Review. 63 (3): 275–295. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1">10.1007/s40802-016-0070-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-070X">0165-070X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Netherlands+International+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Is+Israel+Still+an+Occupying+Power+in+Gaza%3F&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=275-295&rft.date=2016-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1&rft.issn=0165-070X&rft.aulast=Cuyckens&rft.aufirst=Hanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs40802-016-0070-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuyckens2016" class="citation journal cs1">Cuyckens, Hanne (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1">"Is Israel Still an Occupying Power in Gaza?"</a>. Netherlands International Law Review. 63 (3): 275–295. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1">10.1007/s40802-016-0070-1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0165-070X">0165-070X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Netherlands+International+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Is+Israel+Still+an+Occupying+Power+in+Gaza%3F&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=275-295&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1&rft.issn=0165-070X&rft.aulast=Cuyckens&rft.aufirst=Hanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs40802-016-0070-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://english.wafa.ps/Pages/Details/140699#:~:text=ActionAid%3A%20Conditions%20in%20Rafah%20at,over%20one%20million%20displaced%20people">"ActionAid: Conditions in Rafah at breaking point, with over one million displaced people"</a>. wafa agency.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wafa+agency&rft.atitle=ActionAid%3A+Conditions+in+Rafah+at+breaking+point%2C+with+over+one+million+displaced+people&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.wafa.ps%2FPages%2FDetails%2F140699%23%3A~%3Atext%3DActionAid%253A%2520Conditions%2520in%2520Rafah%2520at%2Cover%2520one%2520million%2520displaced%2520people&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hamas.ps/en/post/4287/Israeli-occupation-s-threats-against-Hamas-officials-reflect-political-impasse">"Israeli occupation's threats against Hamas officials reflect political impasse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>. 25 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230227020201/https://hamas.ps/en/post/4287/Israeli-occupation-s-threats-against-Hamas-officials-reflect-political-impasse">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hamas&rft.atitle=Israeli+occupation%27s+threats+against+Hamas+officials+reflect+political+impasse&rft.date=2022-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhamas.ps%2Fen%2Fpost%2F4287%2FIsraeli-occupation-s-threats-against-Hamas-officials-reflect-political-impasse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIA_World_Factbook-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CIA_World_Factbook_13-11">l</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gaza-strip/">Gaza Strip</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210112082940/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gaza-strip">Archived</a> 12 January 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Entry at the CIA World Factbook </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChamiEspinozaMontiel2021" class="citation book cs1">Chami, Ralph; Espinoza, Raphael; Montiel, Peter J. (26 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hpAREAAAQBAJ&pg=PA351">Macroeconomic Policy in Fragile States</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-885309-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-885309-1"><bdi>978-0-19-885309-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230411064413/https://books.google.com/books?id=hpAREAAAQBAJ&q=egyptian+pound+used+in+gaza&pg=PA351">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2023. Retrieved 4 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Macroeconomic+Policy+in+Fragile+States&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft.isbn=978-0-19-885309-1&rft.aulast=Chami&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft.au=Espinoza%2C+Raphael&rft.au=Montiel%2C+Peter+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhpAREAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA351&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-OED-Gaza_Strip-15"><a href="#cite_ref-OED-Gaza_Strip_15-0">^</a> The New Oxford Dictionary of English. 1998. p. 761. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-861263-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-861263-X">0-19-861263-X</a>. "Gaza Strip /'gɑːzə/ a strip of territory under the control of the Palestinian National Authority and Hamas, on the SE Mediterranean coast including the town of Gaza...". </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2024" class="citation journal cs1">Gross, Aeyal (12 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://verfassungsblog.de/the-functional-approach-as-lex-lata/">"The Functional Approach as Lex Lata"</a>. Verfassungsblog. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.59704%2F133f2ff82e19d7f9">10.59704/133f2ff82e19d7f9</a> – via verfassungsblog.de.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Verfassungsblog&rft.atitle=The+Functional+Approach+as+Lex+Lata&rft.date=2024-10-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.59704%2F133f2ff82e19d7f9&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Aeyal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fverfassungsblog.de%2Fthe-functional-approach-as-lex-lata%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Gaza-Strip">"Gaza Strip | Definition, History, Facts, & Map | Britannica"</a>. www.britannica.com. 6 September 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231019125720/https://www.britannica.com/place/Gaza-Strip">Archived</a> from the original on 19 October 2023. Retrieved 6 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Gaza+Strip+%7C+Definition%2C+History%2C+Facts%2C+%26+Map+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGaza-Strip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:6-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamson2010" class="citation journal cs1">Samson, Elizabeth (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/amuilr25&id=929&div=&collection=">"Is Gaza Occupied: Redefining the Status of Gaza under International Law"</a>. American University International Law Review. 25: 915. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231122142832/https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/amuilr25&id=929&div=&collection=">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2023. Retrieved 22 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+University+International+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Is+Gaza+Occupied%3A+Redefining+the+Status+of+Gaza+under+International+Law&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=915&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Samson&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Famuilr25%26id%3D929%26div%3D%26collection%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto1_19-1">b</a> Tristan Dunning, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4jp-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA212">Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100658/https://books.google.com/books?id=4jp-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA212">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Routledge, 2016 p.212:'Since taking sole control of Gaza in June 2007, Hamas has proven itself to be a remarkably resilient and resourceful government entity. The movement has clearly entrenched itself as the hegemonic power in the coastal enclave to such an extent that the International Crisis Group contends that the power struggle in Gaza is no longer between Hamas and Fatah. Rather the main source of confrontation is between Hamas and other more hardline Islamists and salafists. . . Hamas has been far more successful in an administrative sense than the Palestinian Authority in the West Bank, despite having access to only a fraction of the resources.' </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <ul><li>Joshua Castellino, Kathleen A. Cavanaugh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9VHRny2tWgcC&pg=PA150">Minority Rights in the Middle East,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100657/https://books.google.com/books?id=9VHRny2tWgcC&pg=PA150">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Oxford University Press 2013 p.150:'Palestinians under occupation in the West Bank and Gaza constitute a majority (demographically) with representation by the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), a self-governing body run by Fatah in the West Bank, and by Hamas in the Gaza Strip'.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Rose_(journalist)" title="David Rose (journalist)">David Rose</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2008/04/gaza200804">'The Gaza Bombshell,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180428115827/https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2008/04/gaza200804">Archived</a> 28 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a> April, 2008. 'The plan was for forces led by Dahlan, and armed with new weapons supplied at America's behest, to give Fatah the muscle it needed to remove the democratically elected Hamas-led government from power. . But the secret plan backfired, resulting in a further setback for American foreign policy under Bush. Instead of driving its enemies out of power, the U.S.-backed Fatah fighters inadvertently provoked Hamas to seize total control of Gaza.'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Roy" title="Sara Roy">Sara Roy</a>, Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mX1dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">p.45</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100700/https://books.google.com/books?id=mX1dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. 'Dahlan, who was supported by U.S. officials, has been a bitter enemy of Hamas since his 1996 crackdown on the movement. He consistently refused to accept the Palestinian unity government brokered by the Saudi government in the Mecca Agreement "and made his opposition intolerable to Hamas when he refused to subject the security forces under his command, armed and trained by the U.S., to the legitimate Palestinian unity government as agreed between Hamas and Fatah." Alistair Crooke, a former Middle East adviser to the EU foreign policy chief <a href="/wiki/Javier_Solana" title="Javier Solana">Javier Solana</a>, similarly observed, "Dahlan refused to deal with (the independent interior minister appointed to the unity government), and put his troops on the streets in defiance of the interior minister. Hamas felt that they had little option but to take control of security away from forces which were in fact creating insecurity." Hence, Hamas was not attempting a coup against the government or the Fatah organization as a whole but also against Dahlan's U.S.-funded militia (and individual Fatah loyalists it blamed for the murder of Hamas members).'</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unctad.org/publication/preliminary-assessment-economic-impact-destruction-gaza-and-prospects-economic-recovery">"Preliminary Assessment Of The Economic Impact Of The Destruction In Gaza"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240405083028/https://unctad.org/publication/preliminary-assessment-economic-impact-destruction-gaza-and-prospects-economic-recovery">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preliminary+Assessment+Of+The+Economic+Impact+Of+The+Destruction+In+Gaza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Functad.org%2Fpublication%2Fpreliminary-assessment-economic-impact-destruction-gaza-and-prospects-economic-recovery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:9-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfarsi2023" class="citation web cs1">Alfarsi, Haroun (10 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.profolus.com/topics/gaza-strip-blockade-explained/">"Gaza Strip Blockade: Explained"</a>. Profolus. Retrieved 30 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Profolus&rft.atitle=Gaza+Strip+Blockade%3A+Explained&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft.aulast=Alfarsi&rft.aufirst=Haroun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.profolus.com%2Ftopics%2Fgaza-strip-blockade-explained%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:8-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_23-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-strip-devastated-by-conflict-economic-blockade-2023-10-12/">"Gaza Strip: devastated by conflict and Israel's economic blockade"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113003741/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gaza-strip-devastated-by-conflict-economic-blockade-2023-10-12/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Gaza+Strip%3A+devastated+by+conflict+and+Israel%27s+economic+blockade&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fgaza-strip-devastated-by-conflict-economic-blockade-2023-10-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-occ-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-occ_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-occ_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-occ_24-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger2011" class="citation book cs1">Sanger, Andrew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429">"The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla"</a>. In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14">10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6704-811-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6704-811-8"><bdi>978-90-6704-811-8</bdi></a>. <q>Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a State nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border. and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will. Israel continues to control six of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Troops from the Israeli Defence Force regularly enter pans of the territory and/or deploy missile attacks, drones and sonic bombs into Gaza. Israel has declared a no-go buffer zone that stretches deep into Gaza: if Gazans enter this zone they are shot on sight. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry. It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Contemporary+Law+of+Blockade+and+the+Gaza+Freedom+Flotilla&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+International+Humanitarian+Law+-+2010&rft.pages=429&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14&rft.isbn=978-90-6704-811-8&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhYiIWVlpFzEC%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rulac.org/browse/conflicts/military-occupation-of-palestine-by-israel#collapse2accord">"Military occupation of Palestine by Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_Law_in_Armed_Conflicts_Project" title="Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project">Rule of Law in Armed Conflicts Project</a>. 18 May 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220404102657/https://www.rulac.org/browse/conflicts/military-occupation-of-palestine-by-israel#collapse2accord">Archived</a> from the original on 4 April 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rule+of+Law+in+Armed+Conflicts+Project&rft.atitle=Military+occupation+of+Palestine+by+Israel&rft.date=2014-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rulac.org%2Fbrowse%2Fconflicts%2Fmilitary-occupation-of-palestine-by-israel%23collapse2accord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScobbie2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Scobbie" title="Iain Scobbie">Scobbie, Iain</a> (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295">International Law and the Classification of Conflicts</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965775-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965775-9"><bdi>978-0-19-965775-9</bdi></a>. <q>Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+and+the+Classification+of+Conflicts&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-965775-9&rft.aulast=Scobbie&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGM90Xp03uuEC%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawerc2012" class="citation book cs1">Gawerc, Michelle (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44">Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships</a>. Lexington Books. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739166109" title="Special:BookSources/9780739166109"><bdi>9780739166109</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228174718/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2016. <q>While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, it remained in control of all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water, electricity sewage communication networks and for its trade (Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). In other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prefiguring+Peace%3A+Israeli-Palestinian+Peacebuilding+Partnerships&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780739166109&rft.aulast=Gawerc&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHka8FZ4UdWUC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Roy" title="Sara Roy">Sara Roy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mX1dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41">Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100742/https://books.google.com/books?id=mX1dAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA41">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Princeton University Press, 2013 p.41:'Hamas's democratic victory, however, was short-lived . .followed as it was in June 2006 by an Israeli and US-led international political and economic boycott of the new Palestinian government. The boycott amounted to a form of collective punishment against the entire Palestinian population and, to my knowledge, was the first time in the history of the conflict that the international community imposed sanctions on the occupied rather than the occupier.' </li> <li id="cite_note-open-air_prison-27">^ <a href="#cite_ref-open-air_prison_27-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-open-air_prison_27-1">b</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Cook" title="Jonathan Cook">Jonathan Cook</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/how-israel-is-turning-gaza-into-a-super-max-prison">'How Israel is turning Gaza into a super-max prison,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220012330/http://www.thenational.ae/opinion/comment/how-israel-is-turning-gaza-into-a-super-max-prison">Archived</a> 20 December 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_National_(Abu_Dhabi)" title="The National (Abu Dhabi)">The National (Abu Dhabi)</a> 27 October 2014: 'One Israeli analyst has compared the proposed solution to transforming a third-world prison into a modern US super-max incarceration facility.'</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/12635-noam-chomsky-my-visit-to-gaza-the-worlds-largest-open-air-prison">Noam Chomsky: My Visit to Gaza, the World's Largest Open-Air Prison</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024235819/http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/12635-noam-chomsky-my-visit-to-gaza-the-worlds-largest-open-air-prison">Archived</a> 24 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Truthout, 9 November 2012: 'And it hardly takes more than a day in Gaza to appreciate what it must be like to try to survive in the world's largest open-air prison,'</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/21/world/middleeast/havens-are-few-if-not-far-for-palestinians-in-gaza-strip-seeking-refugee-status.html">Havens Are Few, if Not Far, for Palestinians in Gaza Strip</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708035445/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/21/world/middleeast/havens-are-few-if-not-far-for-palestinians-in-gaza-strip-seeking-refugee-status.html">Archived</a> 8 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. NYT, 20 July 2014: "Prime Minister David Cameron of Britain in 2010 called Gaza "an open-air prison", drawing criticism from Israel."</li> <li>Alistair Dawber, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/tales-from-gaza-what-is-life-really-like-in-the-worlds-largest-outdoor-prison-8567611.html">'Tales from Gaza: What is life really like in 'the world's largest outdoor prison'?'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813080736/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/tales-from-gaza-what-is-life-really-like-in-the-worlds-largest-outdoor-prison-8567611.html">Archived</a> 13 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> 13 April 2013.'Locals call it "the world's biggest prison", and it's not difficult to understand why...Mr Jnead's children, and their prospects in what is often referred to as the world's largest open prison, is top of his concerns.'</li> <li>Zaki Chehab, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V-8BAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT194">Inside Hamas: The Untold Story of Militants, Martyrs and Spies,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100700/https://books.google.com/books?id=V-8BAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT194">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> I.B.Tauris, 2007 p.182:'The Rafiah crossing is the gateway to what Palestinians refer to as their open-air prison – the Gaza Strip.'</li> <li>Anna Ball, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NX3aAAAAQBAJ">'Impossible Intimacies,'</a> in Anastasia Valassopoulos (ed.) Arab Cultural Studies: History, Politics and the Popular, Routledge 2013 pp71-91 p.73: "...Gaza Strip Barrier, a structure that has sealed Gaza's border with Israel and has led to Gaza's description as ″the world's largest open-air prison",</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-assistant-secretary-general-for-humanitarian-affairs-and-deputy-emergency-relief-coordinator-call-for-strengthening-of-international-support-to-the-opt-ocha-press-release/">"UN Assistant Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Deputy Emergency Relief Coordinator Call for Strengthening of International Support to the oPt"</a>. OCHA. 20 January 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415123155/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-assistant-secretary-general-for-humanitarian-affairs-and-deputy-emergency-relief-coordinator-call-for-strengthening-of-international-support-to-the-opt-ocha-press-release/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 29 December 2020. <q>..." including lifting of the blockade in Gaza..."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UN+Assistant+Secretary-General+for+Humanitarian+Affairs+and+Deputy+Emergency+Relief+Coordinator+Call+for+Strengthening+of+International+Support+to+the+oPt&rft.pub=OCHA&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fdocument%2Fun-assistant-secretary-general-for-humanitarian-affairs-and-deputy-emergency-relief-coordinator-call-for-strengthening-of-international-support-to-the-opt-ocha-press-release%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytib-29"><a href="#cite_ref-nytib_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/07/world/middleeast/gaza-blockade-israel.html">"Gaza has suffered under 16 year siege"</a>. The New York Times. 7 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231024053734/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/07/world/middleeast/gaza-blockade-israel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 October 2023. Retrieved 3 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gaza+has+suffered+under+16+year+siege&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F07%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fgaza-blockade-israel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnutson" class="citation web cs1">Knutson, Jacob. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2024/04/11/us-official-famine-northern-gaza">"U.S. aid official says famine has begun in northern Gaza"</a>. Axios. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240412031951/https://www.axios.com/2024/04/11/us-official-famine-northern-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 12 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=U.S.+aid+official+says+famine+has+begun+in+northern+Gaza&rft.aulast=Knutson&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2024%2F04%2F11%2Fus-official-famine-northern-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arnon-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arnon_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arnon_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnon2007" class="citation journal cs1">Arnon, Arie (Autumn 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130630142150/http://www.econ.bgu.ac.il/facultym/arnona/Israeli_Policy_towards_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territories_The_Economic_Dimension_1967-2007.pdf">"Israeli Policy towards the Occupied Palestinian Territories: The Economic Dimension, 1967–2007"</a> (PDF). Middle East Journal. 61 (4): 575. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3751%2F61.4.11">10.3751/61.4.11</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.econ.bgu.ac.il/facultym/arnona/Israeli_Policy_towards_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territories_The_Economic_Dimension_1967-2007.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 30 June 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=Israeli+Policy+towards+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territories%3A+The+Economic+Dimension%2C+1967%E2%80%932007&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=575&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3751%2F61.4.11&rft.aulast=Arnon&rft.aufirst=Arie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.econ.bgu.ac.il%2Ffacultym%2Farnona%2FIsraeli_Policy_towards_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territories_The_Economic_Dimension_1967-2007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbcpd-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbcpd_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbcpd_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/gaza-strip-map-density-israel-hamas-conflict/index.html">"The Gaza Strip's density, visualized"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 10 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231125124933/https://www.nbcnews.com/specials/gaza-strip-map-density-israel-hamas-conflict/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2023. Retrieved 25 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=The+Gaza+Strip%27s+density%2C+visualized&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fspecials%2Fgaza-strip-map-density-israel-hamas-conflict%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-arc-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arc_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-arc_33-1">b</a> Doug Suisman, Steven Simon, Glenn Robinson, C. Ross Anthony, Michael Schoenbaum (eds.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=32Kg2wdcQPcC&pg=PA79">The Arc: A Formal Structure for a Palestinian State,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100704/https://books.google.com/books?tid=32Kg2wdcQPcC&pg=PA79">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Rand Corporation, 2007 p.79 </li> <li id="cite_note-Norman_G._Finkelstein-34"><a href="#cite_ref-Norman_G._Finkelstein_34-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_G._Finkelstein2018" class="citation book cs1">Norman G. Finkelstein (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qo84DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA">Gaza</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-29571-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-29571-1"><bdi>978-0-520-29571-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311045306/https://books.google.com/books?id=qo84DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 20 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaza&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-520-29571-1&rft.au=Norman+G.+Finkelstein&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqo84DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumaid" class="citation web cs1">Humaid, Maram. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/27/gaza-graduates-demand-unrwa-solutions-for-high-unemployment-rate">"Gaza graduates demand UNRWA solutions for high unemployment rate"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113013006/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/9/27/gaza-graduates-demand-unrwa-solutions-for-high-unemployment-rate">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Gaza+graduates+demand+UNRWA+solutions+for+high+unemployment+rate&rft.aulast=Humaid&rft.aufirst=Maram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F9%2F27%2Fgaza-graduates-demand-unrwa-solutions-for-high-unemployment-rate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/">"World Bank Open Data"</a>. World Bank Open Data. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230526025607/https://data.worldbank.org/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 May 2023. Retrieved 16 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank+Open+Data&rft.atitle=World+Bank+Open+Data&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sara_M._Roy-37">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sara_M._Roy_37-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sara_M._Roy_37-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sara_M._Roy_37-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sara_M._Roy_37-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSara_M._Roy2016" class="citation book cs1">Sara M. Roy (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gXAqjgEACAAJ&pg=PA">The Gaza Strip</a>. Institute for Palestine Studies USA, Incorporated. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-321-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-321-5"><bdi>978-0-88728-321-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311045308/https://books.google.com/books?id=gXAqjgEACAAJ&pg=PA">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gaza+Strip&rft.pub=Institute+for+Palestine+Studies+USA%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-88728-321-5&rft.au=Sara+M.+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgXAqjgEACAAJ%26pg%3DPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Filiu, Jean-Pierre (1 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03473736/file/2014-10-filiu-12-wars-on-gaza-jps-44-1.pdf">"The Twelve Wars on Gaza"</a> (PDF). Journal of Palestine Studies. 44 (1): 52–60. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2014.44.1.52">10.1525/jps.2014.44.1.52</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240426012902/https://hal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03473736/file/2014-10-filiu-12-wars-on-gaza-jps-44-1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Twelve+Wars+on+Gaza&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=52-60&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2014.44.1.52&rft.aulast=Filiu&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhal-sciencespo.archives-ouvertes.fr%2Fhal-03473736%2Ffile%2F2014-10-filiu-12-wars-on-gaza-jps-44-1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRynholdWaxman2008" class="citation journal cs1">Rynhold, Jonathan; Waxman, Dov (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20202970">"Ideological Change and Israel's Disengagement from Gaza"</a>. Political Science Quarterly. 123 (1): 11–37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fj.1538-165X.2008.tb00615.x">10.1002/j.1538-165X.2008.tb00615.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3195">0032-3195</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20202970">20202970</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231017122938/https://www.jstor.org/stable/20202970">Archived</a> from the original on 17 October 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Science+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Ideological+Change+and+Israel%27s+Disengagement+from+Gaza&rft.volume=123&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=11-37&rft.date=2008&rft.issn=0032-3195&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20202970%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fj.1538-165X.2008.tb00615.x&rft.aulast=Rynhold&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Waxman%2C+Dov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20202970&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-40">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_40-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_40-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGardus,_YehudaShmueli,_Avshalom1978–79" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-year-range-abbreviated cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gardus, Yehuda; Shmueli, Avshalom, eds. (1978–79). The Land of the Negev (English title) (in Hebrew). <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Defense_Ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli Defense Ministry">Ministry of Defense</a> Publishing.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Land+of+the+Negev+%28English+title%29&rft.pub=Ministry+of+Defense+Publishing&rft.date=1978%2F1979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> pp. 369–370. </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> James Kraska, 'Rule Selection in the Case of Israel's Blockade of Gaza:Law of Naval Warfare or Law of Sea?,' in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA387">M.N. Schmitt, Louise Arimatsu, Tim McCormack (eds.,) Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100657/https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA387">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 pp.367–395, p.387 </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarrell2023" class="citation news cs1">Farrell, Stephen (2 November 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gazas-centuries-war-brief-history-2023-10-30/">"Israel-Gaza war: a timeline of the conflict's history"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231106001524/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/gazas-centuries-war-brief-history-2023-10-30/">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel-Gaza+war%3A+a+timeline+of+the+conflict%27s+history&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft.aulast=Farrell&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fgazas-centuries-war-brief-history-2023-10-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201471-72-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu201471-72_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFiliu2014">Filiu 2014</a>, p. 71-72. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201476-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu201476_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFiliu2014">Filiu 2014</a>, p. 76. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.answers.com/topic/all-palestine-government">"All-Palestine Government, by Shlaim, Avi"</a>. Answers.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140801150916/http://www.answers.com/topic/all-palestine-government">Archived</a> from the original on 1 August 2014. Retrieved 25 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=All-Palestine+Government%2C+by+Shlaim%2C+Avi&rft.pub=Answers.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.answers.com%2Ftopic%2Fall-palestine-government&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Varble,_Derek,_p._45-46"><a href="#cite_ref-Varble,_Derek,_p._45_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVarble2003">Varble 2003</a>, p. 45 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201496-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu201496_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFiliu2014">Filiu 2014</a>, p. 96. </li> <li id="cite_note-Varble,_Derek,_p._46-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Varble,_Derek,_p._46_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Varble,_Derek,_p._46_48-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFVarble2003">Varble 2003</a>, p. 46 </li> <li id="cite_note-lat3-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lat3_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-lat3_49-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-feb-04-la-et-joe-sacco4-2010feb04-story.html">Joe Sacco produces comics from the hot zones</a> . New York Times. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201497-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu201497_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFiliu2014">Filiu 2014</a>, p. 97. </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/6558f61d3db6bd4505256593006b06be?OpenDocument">"UNRWA Report to the UN General Assembly November 1 – December 14, 1956"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130629110942/http://domino.un.org/unispal.nsf/0/6558f61d3db6bd4505256593006b06be?OpenDocument">Archived</a> 29 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sacco2-52"><a href="#cite_ref-Sacco2_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSacco2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco" title="Joe Sacco">Sacco, Joe</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/footnotesingaza0000sacc">Footnotes in Gaza: A Graphic Novel</a>. Metropolitan Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-7347-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8050-7347-8"><bdi>978-0-8050-7347-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Footnotes+in+Gaza%3A+A+Graphic+Novel&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-8050-7347-8&rft.aulast=Sacco&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffootnotesingaza0000sacc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu201499-100-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu201499-100_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFiliu2014">Filiu 2014</a>, p. 99-100. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014105-54">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014105_54-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFiliu2014105_54-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFFiliu2014">Filiu 2014</a>, p. 105. </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=000503">"How has the Gaza Strip influenced the Israeli-Palestinian conflict?"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120120155902/http://israelipalestinian.procon.org/view.answers.php?questionID=000503">Archived</a> 20 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> entry at ProCon.org citing "An Historical Encyclopedia of the Arab–Israeli Conflict" </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> Elisha Efrat, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hi59AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA74">The West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Geography of Occupation and Disengagement,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100714/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hi59AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA74">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Routledge, 2006 pp.74–75. </li> <li id="cite_note-JB-57"><a href="#cite_ref-JB_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaster1955" class="citation journal cs1">Baster, James (1955). "Economic Problems in the Gaza Strip". Middle East Journal. 9 (3): 323–327. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4322725">4322725</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=Economic+Problems+in+the+Gaza+Strip&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=323-327&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4322725%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Baster&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Adam Shatz,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies">Vengeful Pathologies,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231107065245/https://www.lrb.co.uk/the-paper/v45/n21/adam-shatz/vengeful-pathologies">Archived</a> 7 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/London_Review_of_Books" title="London Review of Books">London Review of Books</a> Vol. 45 No. 21 · 2 November 2023 </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Roy, S. M. (2016). The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De-development. United States: Institute for Palestine Studies USA, Incorporated. </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> Ehud Eiran, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YHoxEAAAQBAJ">Post-Colonial Settlement Strategy,</a> <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press" title="Edinburgh University Press">Edinburgh University Press</a> 2019 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-474-43759-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-474-43759-2">978-1-474-43759-2</a> p.83 </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Fatina Abreek-Zubeidat, Alona Nitzan–Shiftan,'"De-Camping" through Development: The Palestinianj refugee Camps in the Gaza Strip under the Israeli Occupation,’ in Claudio Minca, Diana Martin, Irit Katz (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e-TaDwAAQBAJ&dq=sharon%2Bfive+fingers%2BGaza&pg=PA144">Camps Revisited:Multifaceted Spatialities of a Modern Political Technology,</a> <a href="/wiki/Rowman_%26_Littlefield_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowman & Littlefield Publishers">Rowman & Littlefield Publishers</a> 2018 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-786-60580-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-786-60580-1">978-1-786-60580-1</a> pp.137-158, p.144. </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramzy_Baroud" title="Ramzy Baroud">Ramzy Baroud</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jordantimes.com/opinion/ramzy-baroud/sharon-revisited-netanyahus-ultimate-aim-gaza-and-why-it-will-fail#google_vignette">'Sharon Revisited: Netanyahu’s Ultimate Aim in Gaza and Why It Will Fail,'</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Jordan_Times" title="The Jordan Times">The Jordan Times</a> 3 July 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-63">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_63-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_63-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Roy" title="Sara Roy">Sara Roy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536651">'The Gaza Strip: A Case of Economic De-Development,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190122195620/https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536651">Archived</a> 22 January 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a>, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 56–88. </li> <li id="cite_note-TSegev-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TSegev_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TSegev_64-1">b</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Segev" title="Tom Segev">Tom Segev</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ggLatcD7gW4C&pg=PA532">1967: Israel, the War, and the Year that Transformed the Middle East,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100701/https://books.google.com/books?id=ggLatcD7gW4C&pg=PA532">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Henry Holt and Company, 2007 p.532 </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAderet2017" class="citation news cs1">Aderet, Ofer (17 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israeli-pm-in-67-we-ll-deprive-gaza-of-water-and-the-arabs-will-leave-1.5465942">"Israeli Prime Minister After Six-Day War: 'We'll Deprive Gaza of Water, and the Arabs Will Leave"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180919033849/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-israeli-pm-in-67-we-ll-deprive-gaza-of-water-and-the-arabs-will-leave-1.5465942">Archived</a> from the original on 19 September 2018. Retrieved 19 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israeli+Prime+Minister+After+Six-Day+War%3A+%27We%27ll+Deprive+Gaza+of+Water%2C+and+the+Arabs+Will+Leave&rft.date=2017-11-17&rft.aulast=Aderet&rft.aufirst=Ofer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-israeli-pm-in-67-we-ll-deprive-gaza-of-water-and-the-arabs-will-leave-1.5465942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Nur_Masalha" title="Nur Masalha">Nur Masalha</a>, The politics of denial: Israel and the Palestinian refugee problem. Pluto Press, 2003 p.104. </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anera.org/who-we-are/">"About Anera | Palestinian Refugee Aid Organization"</a>. Anera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200708032420/https://www.anera.org/who-we-are/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2020. Retrieved 7 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anera&rft.atitle=About+Anera+%7C+Palestinian+Refugee+Aid+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.anera.org%2Fwho-we-are%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarkabi,_Yehoshafat1988" class="citation book cs1">Harkabi, Yehoshafat (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/israelsfatefulho00hark">Israel's Fateful Hour</a>. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780060916138" title="Special:BookSources/9780060916138"><bdi>9780060916138</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Fateful+Hour&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row+Publishers&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=9780060916138&rft.au=Harkabi%2C+Yehoshafat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisraelsfatefulho00hark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> p. 87. </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/intifada-begins-on-gaza-strip">"Intifada begins on Gaza Strip"</a>. HISTORY. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215013023/https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/intifada-begins-on-gaza-strip">Archived</a> from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved 15 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HISTORY&rft.atitle=Intifada+begins+on+Gaza+Strip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fthis-day-in-history%2Fintifada-begins-on-gaza-strip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LockmanBeinin1989_5-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_5_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-LockmanBeinin1989_5_70-1">b</a> <a href="#LockmanBeinin1989">Lockman; Beinin (1989)</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=KYPVNdzXUJkC&pg=PA5">5.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230418105653/https://books.google.com/books?id=KYPVNdzXUJkC&pg=PA5">Archived</a> 18 April 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-OmerMan2001-71"><a href="#cite_ref-OmerMan2001_71-0">^</a> Michael Omer-Man <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/The-accident-that-sparked-an-Intifada">The accident that sparked an Intifada</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215150108/https://www.jpost.com///features/in-thespotlight/the-accident-that-sparked-an-intifada">Archived</a> 15 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 12/04/2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> David McDowall,Palestine and Israel: The Uprising and Beyond, University of California Press, 1989 p. 1 </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/features/in-thespotlight/the-accident-that-sparked-an-intifada">"The accident that sparked an Intifada"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 4 December 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221215150108/https://www.jpost.com///features/in-thespotlight/the-accident-that-sparked-an-intifada">Archived</a> from the original on 15 December 2022. Retrieved 21 August 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=The+accident+that+sparked+an+Intifada&rft.date=2011-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Ffeatures%2Fin-thespotlight%2Fthe-accident-that-sparked-an-intifada&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-74">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_74-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_74-1">b</a> Ruth Margolies Beitler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FVd5dJGBYMsC&pg=PR11">The Path to Mass Rebellion: An Analysis of Two Intifadas</a>, Lexington Books, 2004 p.xi. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lustick_1993_560–594-75">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lustick_1993_560–594_75-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lustick_1993_560–594_75-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLustick1993" class="citation journal cs1">Lustick, Ian S. (1993). Brynen, Rex; Hiltermann, Joost R.; Hudson, Michael C.; Hunter, F. Robert; Lockman, Zachary; Beinin, Joel; McDowall, David; Nassar, Jamal R.; Heacock, Roger (eds.). "Writing the Intifada: Collective Action in the Occupied Territories". World Politics. 45 (4): 560–594. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2950709">10.2307/2950709</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0043-8871">0043-8871</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2950709">2950709</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147140028">147140028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Politics&rft.atitle=Writing+the+Intifada%3A+Collective+Action+in+the+Occupied+Territories&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=560-594&rft.date=1993&rft.issn=0043-8871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147140028%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2950709%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2950709&rft.aulast=Lustick&rft.aufirst=Ian+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_NEWS-76">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_NEWS_76-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_NEWS_76-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_ip_timeline/html/1987.stm">"Palestinian intifada"</a>. news.bbc.co.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731193109/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/spl/hi/middle_east/03/v3_ip_timeline/html/1987.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 31 July 2017. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=Palestinian+intifada&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fshared%2Fspl%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F03%2Fv3_ip_timeline%2Fhtml%2F1987.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walid_Salem_2005,_pp._179-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Walid_Salem_2005,_pp._179_77-0">^</a> Walid Salem, 'Human Security from Below: Palestinian Citizens Protection Strategies, 1988–2005,' in Monica den Boer, Jaap de Wilde (eds.), The Viability of Human Security,Amsterdam University Press, 2008 pp. 179–201 p. 190. </li> <li id="cite_note-Doron_Almog-78"><a href="#cite_ref-Doron_Almog_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmog2004" class="citation journal cs1">Almog, Doron (23 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief004-12.htm">"Lessons of the Gaza Security Fence for the West Bank"</a>. Jerusalem Issue Briefs. 4 (12). Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090213141925/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief004-12.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 13 February 2009. Retrieved 1 February 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Issue+Briefs&rft.atitle=Lessons+of+the+Gaza+Security+Fence+for+the+West+Bank&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=12&rft.date=2004-12-23&rft.aulast=Almog&rft.aufirst=Doron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcpa.org%2Fbrief%2Fbrief004-12.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPressman2003114-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPressman2003114_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPressman2003114_79-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPressman2003">Pressman 2003</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEByman2011114-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEByman2011114_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFByman2011">Byman 2011</a>, p. 114. </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-81"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCohen2010" class="citation book cs1">Cohen, Samy (2010). "Botched Engagement in the Intifada". Israel's Asymmetric Wars. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US. pp. 73–91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1057%2F9780230112971_6">10.1057/9780230112971_6</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-349-28896-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-349-28896-0"><bdi>978-1-349-28896-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Botched+Engagement+in+the+Intifada&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+Asymmetric+Wars&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=73-91&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan+US&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2F9780230112971_6&rft.isbn=978-1-349-28896-0&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Samy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988">"The al-Aqsa Intifada ushered in an era with a new brand of violence.1 It began with a popular uprising following Ariel Sharon's visit to Temple Mount on September 28, 2000. But unlike the first Intifada, which was basically a civil uprising against the symbols of an occupation that has lasted since June 1967, the second Intifada very quickly lapsed into an armed struggle between Palestinian activists and the Israeli armed forces. Almost from the very start, armed men took to hiding among crowds of Palestinians, using them as cover to shoot from. The IDF retaliated forcefully, each time causing several casualties." </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKober2007" class="citation journal cs1">Kober, Avi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/jcs/2009-v29-jcs_27_1/jcs27_1_1art06/">"Targeted Killing during the Second Intifada:: The Quest for Effectiveness"</a>. Journal of Conflict Studies. 27 (1): 94–114. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1198-8614">1198-8614</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405160428/https://www.erudit.org/en/journals/jcs/2009-v29-jcs_27_1/jcs27_1_1art06/">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022. <q>Based on the assumption that there was no longer one front or one line of contact, Israel was carrying out dozens of simultaneous operations on the ground and in the air on a daily basis, including TKs, which were supposed to have multi-dimensional effects. According to Byman, TKs were mostly attractive to Israelis as they satisfied domestic demands for a forceful response to Palestinian terrorism. Byman also believes that by bolstering public morale, the TKs helped counter one of the terrorists' primary objectives – to reduce the faith of Israelis in their own government.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=Targeted+Killing+during+the+Second+Intifada%3A%3A+The+Quest+for+Effectiveness&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=94-114&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=1198-8614&rft.aulast=Kober&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.erudit.org%2Fen%2Fjournals%2Fjcs%2F2009-v29-jcs_27_1%2Fjcs27_1_1art06%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NMRR-83"><a href="#cite_ref-NMRR_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattaRojas2016" class="citation journal cs1">Matta, Nada; Rojas, René (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-sociology-archives-europeennes-de-sociologie/article/abs/second-intifada/CEF937E5D28EFA4F4F684E6D946942BF">"The Second Intifada: A Dual Strategy Arena"</a>. European Journal of Sociology / Archives Européennes de Sociologie. 57 (1): 66. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0003975616000035">10.1017/S0003975616000035</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-9756">0003-9756</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146939293">146939293</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405161756/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/european-journal-of-sociology-archives-europeennes-de-sociologie/article/abs/second-intifada/CEF937E5D28EFA4F4F684E6D946942BF">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 5 April 2022. <q>Suicide terror, lethal attacks indiscriminately carried out against civilians via self-immolation, attained prominence in the Palestinian repertoire beginning in March 2001. From that point until the end of 2005, at which point they virtually ceased, 57 suicide bombings were carried out, causing 491 civilian deaths, 73% of the total civilians killed by Palestinian resistance organizations and 50% of all Israeli fatalities during this period. While not the modal coercive tactic, suicide terror was the most efficient in terms of lethality, our basic measure of its efficacy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Sociology+%2F+Archives+Europ%C3%A9ennes+de+Sociologie&rft.atitle=The+Second+Intifada%3A+A+Dual+Strategy+Arena&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=66&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146939293%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0003-9756&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0003975616000035&rft.aulast=Matta&rft.aufirst=Nada&rft.au=Rojas%2C+Ren%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Feuropean-journal-of-sociology-archives-europeennes-de-sociologie%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fsecond-intifada%2FCEF937E5D28EFA4F4F684E6D946942BF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrymAraj2006" class="citation journal cs1">Brym, R. J.; Araj, B. (1 June 2006). "Suicide Bombing as Strategy and Interaction: The Case of the Second Intifada". Social Forces. 84 (4): 1969. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fsof.2006.0081">10.1353/sof.2006.0081</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0037-7732">0037-7732</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146180585">146180585</a>. <q>In the early years of the 21st century, Israel, the West Bank and Gaza became the region of the world with the highest frequency of - and the highest per capita death toll due to - suicide bombing.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Forces&rft.atitle=Suicide+Bombing+as+Strategy+and+Interaction%3A+The+Case+of+the+Second+Intifada&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=1969&rft.date=2006-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146180585%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0037-7732&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fsof.2006.0081&rft.aulast=Brym&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft.au=Araj%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Schweitzer, Y. (2010). The rise and fall of suicide bombings in the second Intifada. Strategic Assessment, 13(3), 39–48. "As part of the violence perpetrated by the Palestinians during the second intifada, suicide bombings played a particularly prominent role and served as the primary effective weapon in the hands of the planners."</li> <li>Schachter, J. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://strategicassessment.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/antq/fe-3427267573.pdf">The End of the Second Intifada?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210930061049/https://strategicassessment.inss.org.il/wp-content/uploads/antq/fe-3427267573.pdf">Archived</a> 30 September 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Strategic Assessment, 13(3), 63–70. "This article attempts to identify the end of the second intifada by focusing on the incidence of suicide bombings, arguably the most important element of second intifada-related violence."</li> <li>Sela-Shayovitz, R. (2007). Suicide bombers in Israel: Their motivations, characteristics, and prior activity in terrorist organizations. International Journal of Conflict and Violence (IJCV), 1(2), 163. "The period of the second Intifada significantly differs from other historical periods in Israeli history, because it has been characterized by intensive and numerous suicide attacks that have made civilian life into a battlefront."</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-casualties2005-85"><a href="#cite_ref-casualties2005_85-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.btselem.org/statistics/english/Casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=15&eM=1&eY=2005&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before">B'Tselem – Statistics – Fatalities 29.9.2000–15.1.2005</a>, <a href="/wiki/B%27Tselem" title="B'Tselem">B'Tselem</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414103627/http://old.btselem.org/statistics/english/Casualties.asp?sD=29&sM=09&sY=2000&eD=15&eM=1&eY=2005&filterby=event&oferet_stat=before">Archived</a> 14 April 2013 at <a href="/wiki/Archive.today" title="Archive.today">archive.today</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anne_Barnard-86"><a href="#cite_ref-Anne_Barnard_86-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnard2006" class="citation news cs1">Barnard, Anne (22 October 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boston.com/news/world/middleeast/articles/2006/10/22/life_in_gaza_steadily_worsens/">"Life in Gaza Steadily Worsens"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Life+in+Gaza+Steadily+Worsens&rft.date=2006-10-22&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Farticles%2F2006%2F10%2F22%2Flife_in_gaza_steadily_worsens%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greg_Myre-87"><a href="#cite_ref-Greg_Myre_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMyre2006" class="citation news cs1">Myre, Greg (4 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/04/international/middleeast/04gaza.html">"Gaza Crossing:Choked Passages to Frustration"</a>. 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[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200601/s1557518.htm">Election officials reduce Hamas seats by two</a>, ABC News Online, 30 January 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110629015352/http://www.abc.net.au/news/newsitems/200601/s1557518.htm">Archived</a> 29 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/22/world/middleeast/22cnd-mideast.html">"Hamas Refuses to Recognize Israel"</a>. The New York Times. 22 September 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230209055114/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/22/world/middleeast/22cnd-mideast.html">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2023. Retrieved 12 February 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hamas+Refuses+to+Recognize+Israel&rft.date=2006-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F09%2F22%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F22cnd-mideast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisman2006" class="citation news cs1">Weisman, Steven R. 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Retrieved 25 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IAF+strike+followed+months+of+planning&rft.pub=Haaretz.com&rft.date=2008-12-28&rft.aulast=Ravid&rft.aufirst=Barak&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fiaf-strike-followed-months-of-planning-1.260363%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKasher" class="citation news cs1">Kasher, Asa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=168061">"Analysis: A moral evaluation of the Gaza War"</a>. The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com. 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BBC News. 27 December 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228174738/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8428883.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Slow+recovery+from+wounds+of+Gaza+conflict&rft.date=2009-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F8428883.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120310183754/http://www.iom.int/jahia/Jahia/media/press-briefing-notes/pbnAF/cache/offonce/lang/en?entryId=21830">"IOM Appeal for Gaza Focuses on Health and Recovery"</a>. International Organization for Migration. 30 January 2009. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ochaopt_who_gaza_health_fact_sheet_20100120_english.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 8 March 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaza+Health+Fact+Sheet&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdocuments%2Fochaopt_who_gaza_health_fact_sheet_20100120_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101204070226/http://www.ipsnews.net/news.asp?idnews=47273">"MIDEAST: Attack on Water Brings Sanitation Crisis – IPS"</a>. Ipsnews.net. 18 June 2009. 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Retrieved 24 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gaza+%27looks+like+earthquake+zone%27&rft.date=2009-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7838618.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gaza:_Humanitarian_situation-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza:_Humanitarian_situation_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gaza:_Humanitarian_situation_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7845428.stm">"Gaza: Humanitarian situation"</a>. BBC News. 30 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110208132149/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7845428.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 February 2011. Retrieved 24 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Humanitarian+situation&rft.date=2009-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7845428.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511084335/http://www.wfp.org/content/wfp-launches-emergency-food-distributions-families-gaza">"Launches Emergency Food Distributions to Families in Gaza | WFP | United Nations World Food Programme – Fighting Hunger Worldwide"</a>. WFP. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wfp.org/content/wfp-launches-emergency-food-distributions-families-gaza">the original</a> on 11 May 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Launches+Emergency+Food+Distributions+to+Families+in+Gaza+%26%23124%3B+WFP+%26%23124%3B+United+Nations+World+Food+Programme+%E2%80%93+Fighting+Hunger+Worldwide&rft.pub=WFP&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wfp.org%2Fcontent%2Fwfp-launches-emergency-food-distributions-families-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.com-132"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc.com_132-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27660218">"Palestinian unity government sworn in by Mahmoud Abbas"</a>. BBC. 2 June 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140603033348/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-27660218">Archived</a> from the original on 3 June 2014. Retrieved 5 June 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinian+unity+government+sworn+in+by+Mahmoud+Abbas&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2014-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-27660218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nathanthrall-133"><a href="#cite_ref-nathanthrall_133-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNathan_Thrall2014" class="citation journal cs1">Nathan Thrall (1 August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n16/nathan-thrall/hamass-chances">"Hamas's Chances"</a>. London Review of Books. 36 (16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416032651/https://www.lrb.co.uk/v36/n16/nathan-thrall/hamass-chances">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=London+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Hamas%27s+Chances&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=16&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.au=Nathan+Thrall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lrb.co.uk%2Fv36%2Fn16%2Fnathan-thrall%2Fhamass-chances&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HamasAcc-134"><a href="#cite_ref-HamasAcc_134-0">^</a> Jack Khoury, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/1.611676">Hamas claims responsibility for three Israeli teens' kidnapping and murder'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201010052244/https://www.haaretz.com/hamas-admits-kidnap-murder-of-3-teens-1.5260283/">Archived</a> 10 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>, 21 August 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-HamasAcc2-135"><a href="#cite_ref-HamasAcc2_135-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4562328,00.html">'Mashal: Hamas was behind murder of three Israeli teens'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230916104726/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4562328,00.html">Archived</a> 16 September 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ynet" title="Ynet">Ynet</a>, 22 August 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZonszein2015" class="citation news cs1">Zonszein, Mairav (27 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/27/israel-kills-more-palestinians-2014-than-any-other-year-since-1967">"Israel killed more Palestinians in 2014 than in any other year since 1967"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220412025048/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/27/israel-kills-more-palestinians-2014-than-any-other-year-since-1967">Archived</a> from the original on 12 April 2022. Retrieved 3 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel+killed+more+Palestinians+in+2014+than+in+any+other+year+since+1967&rft.date=2015-03-27&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Zonszein&rft.aufirst=Mairav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmar%2F27%2Fisrael-kills-more-palestinians-2014-than-any-other-year-since-1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-B'tselem21-137"><a href="#cite_ref-B'tselem21_137-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.btselem.org/gaza_strip/20210524_whitewash_time">'And now for the whitewashing,' </a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231017132258/https://www.btselem.org/gaza_strip/20210524_whitewash_time">Archived</a> 17 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/B%27tselem" class="mw-redirect" title="B'tselem">B'tselem</a> 24 May 2021 </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlouf2018" class="citation web cs1">Alouf, Abu (30 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-gaza-protest-20180330-htmlstory.html">"15 Palestinians reported killed by Israeli fire as Gaza border protest builds"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180519031927/http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-gaza-protest-20180330-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=15+Palestinians+reported+killed+by+Israeli+fire+as+Gaza+border+protest+builds&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft.aulast=Alouf&rft.aufirst=Abu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fla-fg-gaza-protest-20180330-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Toameh-139"><a href="#cite_ref-Toameh_139-0">^</a> Khaled Abu Toameh, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-vows-gaza-protests-to-continue-until-they-return-to-all-of-palestine">"Hamas vows Gaza protests last until Palestinians return to all of Palestine"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231007054949/https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-vows-gaza-protests-to-continue-until-they-return-to-all-of-palestine/">Archived</a> 7 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>, 9 April 2018. "The protests are an uprising for "Jerusalem, Palestine, and the right of return", he said, referring to the demand that Palestinian refugees and their descendants be allowed to return to their former homes in Israel." </li> <li id="cite_note-NY2-140"><a href="#cite_ref-NY2_140-0">^</a> David M. Halbfinger, Iyad Abuheweila, Jugal K.Patel <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/gaza-fence-aerial.html">"300 Meters in Gaza: Snipers, Burning Tires and a Contested Fence"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180422065743/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/gaza-fence-aerial.html">Archived</a> 22 April 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> 15 May 2018.’ Most Gazans are Palestinian refugees or their descendants, and marching on the fence highlights their desire to reclaim the lands and homes from which they were displaced 70 years ago in the war surrounding Israel's creation.’ </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhouryKubovichZikri2018" class="citation news cs1">Khoury, Jack; Kubovich, Yaniv; Zikri, Almog Ben (15 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/.premium-mass-gaza-border-clashes-52-killed-by-israeli-gunfire-2-410-wounded-1.6091548">"Mass Gaza Border Clashes: 58 Palestinians Killed by Israeli Gunfire, 1,113 Wounded"</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180514195751/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/.premium-mass-gaza-border-clashes-52-killed-by-israeli-gunfire-2-410-wounded-1.6091548">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Mass+Gaza+Border+Clashes%3A+58+Palestinians+Killed+by+Israeli+Gunfire%2C+1%2C113+Wounded&rft.date=2018-05-15&rft.aulast=Khoury&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Kubovich%2C+Yaniv&rft.au=Zikri%2C+Almog+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2Fpalestinians%2F.premium-mass-gaza-border-clashes-52-killed-by-israeli-gunfire-2-410-wounded-1.6091548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li>David M. Halbfinger & Iyad Abuheweila, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/gaza-israel-protests.html">"One Dead Amid Violence in 3rd Week of Protests at Gaza-Israel Fence"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180517222949/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/13/world/middleeast/gaza-israel-protests.html">Archived</a> 17 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, 13 April 2018. "They are objecting to Israel's 11-year-old blockade of Gaza and seeking to revive international interest in Palestinian claims of a right of return to the lands they were displaced from in 1948."</li> <li>Adam Rasgon, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Masses-of-Gazans-head-to-border-fence-to-demand-right-of-return-547367">"Masses of Gazans head to border area for 'right of return' says organizer"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180505122635/https://www.jpost.com/Arab-Israeli-Conflict/Masses-of-Gazans-head-to-border-fence-to-demand-right-of-return-547367">Archived</a> 5 May 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post" title="The Jerusalem Post">The Jerusalem Post</a>, 28 March 2018. "Masses of Palestinians are expected to come to the Gaza border on Friday and move into tents there for a planned six-week-long protest 'to demand the right of return to the homes and villages that they were expelled from in 1948'", Ahmad Abu Ratima, an organizer of the protest, told The Jerusalem Post.</li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> Daoud Kuttab, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/05/gaza-protests-israel-claims-hamas-violence-self-defense.html">"The truth about Gaza"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180618203125/https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/05/gaza-protests-israel-claims-hamas-violence-self-defense.html">Archived</a> 18 June 2018 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Al-Monitor" title="Al-Monitor">Al-Monitor</a>, 23 May 2018; "This is clearly a new trend in Palestinian society that attempts to expand the notions of resistance and nonviolent protests." </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-143"><a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_143-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKershnerAbuheweila2018" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Kershner" title="Isabel Kershner">Kershner, Isabel</a>; Abuheweila, Iyad (30 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/30/world/middleeast/gaza-israel-protest-clashes.html">"Israeli Military Kills 15 Palestinians in Confrontations on Gaza Border"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407212623/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/30/world/middleeast/gaza-israel-protest-clashes.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israeli+Military+Kills+15+Palestinians+in+Confrontations+on+Gaza+Border&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft.au=Abuheweila%2C+Iyad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F03%2F30%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fgaza-israel-protest-clashes.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haaretz30March-144"><a href="#cite_ref-Haaretz30March_144-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKhouryKubovichZikri2018" class="citation news cs1">Khoury, Jack; Kubovich, Yaniv; Zikri, Almog Ben (30 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-five-palestinians-reportedly-killed-by-israeli-army-as-thousands-rally-for-mass-gaza-protests-1.5962159">"15 Killed, Dozens Wounded, as Thousands Gather on Gaza-Israel Border for "March of Return""</a>. Haaretz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180406102032/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-five-palestinians-reportedly-killed-by-israeli-army-as-thousands-rally-for-mass-gaza-protests-1.5962159">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 6 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=15+Killed%2C+Dozens+Wounded%2C+as+Thousands+Gather+on+Gaza-Israel+Border+for+%22March+of+Return%22&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft.aulast=Khoury&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft.au=Kubovich%2C+Yaniv&rft.au=Zikri%2C+Almog+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F.premium-five-palestinians-reportedly-killed-by-israeli-army-as-thousands-rally-for-mass-gaza-protests-1.5962159&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/03/israeli-forces-kill-3-palestinians-land-day-protests-180330100034136.html">"At least 14 Palestinians killed in Land Day protests"</a>. 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Retrieved 30 March 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+least+14+Palestinians+killed+in+Land+Day+protests&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F03%2Fisraeli-forces-kill-3-palestinians-land-day-protests-180330100034136.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsx.com/world/at-least-5-palestinians-shot-dead-by-israeli-troops-as-thousands-march-on-gaza-israel-border-for-march-of-return">"At least 5 Palestinians shot dead by Israeli troops as thousands march on Gaza-Israel border for 'March of Return'"</a>. newsx.com. 30 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180331041009/https://www.newsx.com/world/at-least-5-palestinians-shot-dead-by-israeli-troops-as-thousands-march-on-gaza-israel-border-for-march-of-return">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2018. Retrieved 3 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=At+least+5+Palestinians+shot+dead+by+Israeli+troops+as+thousands+march+on+Gaza-Israel+border+for+%27March+of+Return%27&rft.pub=newsx.com&rft.date=2018-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsx.com%2Fworld%2Fat-least-5-palestinians-shot-dead-by-israeli-troops-as-thousands-march-on-gaza-israel-border-for-march-of-return&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams2018" class="citation web cs1">Williams, Jennifer (2 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2018/4/2/17188162/gaza-protest-israel-border-violence-demonstrations-palestinian">"The recent violence at the Gaza-Israel border, explained"</a>. Vox. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180408205748/https://www.vox.com/2018/4/2/17188162/gaza-protest-israel-border-violence-demonstrations-palestinian">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2018. Retrieved 9 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=The+recent+violence+at+the+Gaza-Israel+border%2C+explained&rft.date=2018-04-02&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2018%2F4%2F2%2F17188162%2Fgaza-protest-israel-border-violence-demonstrations-palestinian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost1-146"><a href="#cite_ref-jpost1_146-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/IDF-warns-of-larger-military-response-to-Gaza-protest-547595">"IDF warns of larger military response to Gaza protest"</a>. The Jerusalem Post. 31 March 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180410044009/http://www.jpost.com/Israel-News/IDF-warns-of-larger-military-response-to-Gaza-protest-547595">Archived</a> from the original on 10 April 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IDF+warns+of+larger+military+response+to+Gaza+protest&rft.date=2018-03-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael-News%2FIDF-warns-of-larger-military-response-to-Gaza-protest-547595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-independent-commission-of-inquiry-on-protests-in-gaza-presents-its-findings-press-release/">"UN Independent Commission of Inquiry on Protests in Gaza Presents its Findings - Press Release - Question of Palestine"</a>. www.un.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009065103/https://www.un.org/unispal/document/un-independent-commission-of-inquiry-on-protests-in-gaza-presents-its-findings-press-release/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.org&rft.atitle=UN+Independent+Commission+of+Inquiry+on+Protests+in+Gaza+Presents+its+Findings+-+Press+Release+-+Question+of+Palestine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fdocument%2Fun-independent-commission-of-inquiry-on-protests-in-gaza-presents-its-findings-press-release%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIOPT/A_HRC_40_74.pdf">Report of the independent international commission of inquiry on the protests in the Occupied Palestinian Territory - A/HRC/40/74</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/UNHRC" class="mw-redirect" title="UNHRC">UNHRC</a>. 28 February 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/HRBodies/HRCouncil/CoIOPT/A_HRC_40_74.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 9 October 2022. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Report+of+the+independent+international+commission+of+inquiry+on+the+protests+in+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory+-+A%2FHRC%2F40%2F74&rft.pub=UNHRC&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ohchr.org%2FDocuments%2FHRBodies%2FHRCouncil%2FCoIOPT%2FA_HRC_40_74.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNN1111-149"><a href="#cite_ref-CNN1111_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilena_Vaselinovic_and_Oren_Liebermann2019" class="citation web cs1">Milena Vaselinovic and Oren Liebermann (28 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/28/middleeast/israel-gaza-un-intl/index.html">"UN: Israel may have committed war crimes during Gaza protests"</a>. 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Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=UN%3A+Israel+may+have+committed+war+crimes+during+Gaza+protests&rft.date=2019-02-28&rft.au=Milena+Vaselinovic+and+Oren+Liebermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2019%2F02%2F28%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-gaza-un-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/27/the-toll-of-war-on-palestinians-in-gaza">"The Toll of War on Palestinians in Gaza"</a>. The World Bank. 27 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204711/https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2021/06/27/the-toll-of-war-on-palestinians-in-gaza">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Toll+of+War+on+Palestinians+in+Gaza&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft.date=2021-06-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ffeature%2F2021%2F06%2F27%2Fthe-toll-of-war-on-palestinians-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-august-2022-escalation-dashboard-09-august-2022">"Gaza August 2022 Escalation Dashboard (09 August 2022) - occupied Palestinian territory | ReliefWeb"</a>. reliefweb.int. 9 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220816140543/https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/gaza-august-2022-escalation-dashboard-09-august-2022">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2022. 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Retrieved 17 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Now+we+can+breathe+a+little%27%3A+How+Gaza+is+bringing+its+wetlands+back+to+life&rft.date=2023-04-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fgreen%2F2023%2F04%2F16%2Fnow-we-can-breathe-a-little-how-gaza-is-bringing-its-wetlands-back-to-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters_2024_c119-172"><a href="#cite_ref-Reuters_2024_c119_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-official-says-it-could-take-14-years-clear-debris-gaza-2024-04-26/">"UN official says it could take 14 years to clear debris in Gaza"</a>. Reuters. 26 April 2024. 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Retrieved 25 January 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamas+announces+cabinet+reshuffle+in+Gaza&rft.pub=Hurriyetdailynews.com&rft.date=2012-09-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fhamas-announces-cabinet-reshuffle-in-gaza.aspx%3FpageID%3D238%26nID%3D29198%26NewsCatID%3D352&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2020">"Gaza Strip: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report"</a>. Freedom House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200327190234/https://freedomhouse.org/country/gaza-strip/freedom-world/2020">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2020. Retrieved 17 October 2023. <q>Since 2007, Gaza has functioned as a de facto one-party state under Hamas rule</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=Gaza+Strip%3A+Freedom+in+the+World+2020+Country+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Fcountry%2Fgaza-strip%2Ffreedom-world%2F2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2023/10/10/how-powerful-is-hamas">"How powerful is Hamas?"</a>. The Economist. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0013-0613">0013-0613</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231114121410/https://www.economist.com/the-economist-explains/2023/10/10/how-powerful-is-hamas">Archived</a> from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023. <q>In 2006, a year after Israel withdrew from Gaza, Hamas won a majority of seats in a Palestinian election and later formed a new unity government with Fatah, its nationalist rival. In June 2007, after a brief civil war, it assumed sole control of Gaza, leaving Fatah to run the Palestinian Authority (pa) in the West Bank. In response Israel and Egypt imposed a suffocating blockade on the coastal strip in 2007, strangling its economy and in effect confining its people in an open-air prison. There have been no elections since. Hamas has run Gaza as an oppressive one-party state, leaving some Palestinians there disenchanted with its leadership. Nevertheless, Palestinians widely consider it more competent than the ailing, corrupt pa.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=How+powerful+is+Hamas%3F&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-economist-explains%2F2023%2F10%2F10%2Fhow-powerful-is-hamas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurton2012" class="citation journal cs1">Burton, Guy (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41507185">"Hamas and its Vision of Development"</a>. Third World Quarterly. 33 (3): 525–540. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01436597.2012.657491">10.1080/01436597.2012.657491</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-6597">0143-6597</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41507185">41507185</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144037453">144037453</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023080017/https://www.jstor.org/stable/41507185">Archived</a> from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved 17 October 2023. <q>The joint Hamas-Fatah government did not last long. 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Foxnews.com. 23 June 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130624121949/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/06/23/islamic-jihad-chief-dies-after-clash-with-hamas-police/#ixzz2X8KLrgkS">Archived</a> from the original on 24 June 2013. Retrieved 2 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamic+Militant+Group&rft.date=2013-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fislamic-jihad-chief-dies-after-clash-with-hamas-police%2F%23ixzz2X8KLrgkS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoe_Truzman2021" class="citation news cs1">Joe Truzman (4 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/analysis-17-palestinian-militant-factions-identified-in-recent-gaza-conflict.php">"Analysis: 17 Palestinian militant factions identified in recent Gaza conflict"</a>. <a href="/wiki/FDD%27s_Long_War_Journal" title="FDD's Long War Journal">FDD's Long War Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605024417/https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2021/06/analysis-17-palestinian-militant-factions-identified-in-recent-gaza-conflict.php">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FDD%27s+Long+War+Journal&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+17+Palestinian+militant+factions+identified+in+recent+Gaza+conflict&rft.date=2021-06-04&rft.au=Joe+Truzman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2021%2F06%2Fanalysis-17-palestinian-militant-factions-identified-in-recent-gaza-conflict.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1059351/1226_1301926747_104-20radical-20islam-20in-20gaza.pdf">Radical Islam In Gaza</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231023184546/https://www.ecoi.net/en/file/local/1059351/1226_1301926747_104-20radical-20islam-20in-20gaza.pdf">Archived</a> 23 October 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" (PDF), <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a>, Middle East Report N°104, 29 March 2011, pp. 6-7 with note 61. Accessed 22 Oct 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_torn-183"><a href="#cite_ref-AI_torn_183-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde21/020/2007/en/">"Torn apart by factional strife"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 24 October 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150313044927/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde21/020/2007/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2015. Retrieved 23 October 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Torn+apart+by+factional+strife&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2007-10-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fmde21%2F020%2F2007%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070813050106/http://news.sbs.com.au/worldnewsaustralia/hamas_kills_seven_at_arafat_rally_in_gaza_135015">"Hamas kills seven at Arafat rally in Gaza"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.sbs.com.au/worldnewsaustralia/hamas_kills_seven_at_arafat_rally_in_gaza_135015">the original</a> on 13 August 2007. Retrieved 1 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamas+kills+seven+at+Arafat+rally+in+Gaza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.sbs.com.au%2Fworldnewsaustralia%2Fhamas_kills_seven_at_arafat_rally_in_gaza_135015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988">, AFP, (via SBS World News Australia), 13 November 2007. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011023634/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-%2BObstacle%2Bto%2BPeace/Palestinian%2Bterror%2Bsince%2B2000/Missile%2Bfire%2Bfrom%2BGaza%2Bon%2BIsraeli%2Bcivilian%2Btargets%2BAug%2B2007.htm#statistics">"Israeli MFA"</a>. Mfa.gov.il. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Terrorism-+Obstacle+to+Peace/Palestinian+terror+since+2000/Missile+fire+from+Gaza+on+Israeli+civilian+targets+Aug+2007.htm#statistics">the original</a> on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 1 June 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israeli+MFA&rft.pub=Mfa.gov.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FTerrorism-%2BObstacle%2Bto%2BPeace%2FPalestinian%2Bterror%2Bsince%2B2000%2FMissile%2Bfire%2Bfrom%2BGaza%2Bon%2BIsraeli%2Bcivilian%2Btargets%2BAug%2B2007.htm%23statistics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5122404.stm">"Profile: Gaza Strip"</a>. BBC News. 6 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140518081735/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5122404.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 18 May 2014. Retrieved 21 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Gaza+Strip&rft.date=2009-01-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F5122404.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreenberg1995" class="citation news cs1">Greenberg, Hanan (20 June 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3496654,00.html">"IDF official rejects claims of humanitarian crisis in Gaza"</a>. Ynetnews. Ynetnews.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523062831/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3496654,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 23 May 2011. Retrieved 21 May 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=IDF+official+rejects+claims+of+humanitarian+crisis+in+Gaza&rft.date=1995-06-20&rft.aulast=Greenberg&rft.aufirst=Hanan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3496654%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> Dana Weiss and Ronen Shamir (2011) Corporate Accountability to Human Rights: The Case of the Gaza Strip. Harvard Human Rights Journal, Vol. 24, 1, 155–183. </li> <li id="cite_note-isrlpa13698-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isrlpa13698_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-isrlpa13698_189-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/07/06/isrlpa13698.htm">"Human Rights Council Special Session on the Occupied Palestinian Territories"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081015172833/http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/07/06/isrlpa13698.htm">Archived</a> 15 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 6 July 2006; Human Rights Watch considers Gaza still occupied. </li> <li id="cite_note-cnn2009-01-06-190">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cnn2009-01-06_190-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cnn2009-01-06_190-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevs2009" class="citation news cs1">Levs, Josh (6 January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/06/israel.gaza.occupation.question/index.html">"Is Gaza 'occupied' territory?"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090121084340/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/meast/01/06/israel.gaza.occupation.question/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2009. Retrieved 30 May 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Is+Gaza+%27occupied%27+territory%3F&rft.date=2009-01-06&rft.aulast=Levs&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2009%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F01%2F06%2Fisrael.gaza.occupation.question%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-occ2-191"><a href="#cite_ref-occ2_191-0">^</a> Multiple sources: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSanger2011" class="citation book cs1">Sanger, Andrew (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA429">"The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla"</a>. In M.N. Schmitt; Louise Arimatsu; Tim McCormack (eds.). Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law - 2010. Vol. 13. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 429. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14">10.1007/978-90-6704-811-8_14</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-6704-811-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-6704-811-8"><bdi>978-90-6704-811-8</bdi></a>. <q>Israel claims it no longer occupies the Gaza Strip, maintaining that it is neither a Stale nor a territory occupied or controlled by Israel, but rather it has 'sui generis' status. Pursuant to the Disengagement Plan, Israel dismantled all military institutions and settlements in Gaza and there is no longer a permanent Israeli military or civilian presence in the territory. However, the Plan also provided that Israel will guard and monitor the external land perimeter of the Gaza Strip, will continue to maintain exclusive authority in Gaza air space, and will continue to exercise security activity in the sea off the coast of the Gaza Strip as well as maintaining an Israeli military presence on the Egyptian-Gaza border. and reserving the right to reenter Gaza at will. Israel continues to control six of Gaza's seven land crossings, its maritime borders and airspace and the movement of goods and persons in and out of the territory. Egypt controls one of Gaza's land crossings. Troops from the Israeli Defence Force regularly enter pans of the territory and/or deploy missile attacks, drones and sonic bombs into Gaza. Israel has declared a no-go buffer zone that stretches deep into Gaza: if Gazans enter this zone they are shot on sight. Gaza is also dependent on Israel for water, electricity, telecommunications and other utilities, currency, issuing IDs, and permits to enter and leave the territory. Israel also has sole control of the Palestinian Population Registry through which the Israeli Army regulates who is classified as a Palestinian and who is a Gazan or West Banker. Since 2000 aside from a limited number of exceptions Israel has refused to add people to the Palestinian Population Registry. It is this direct external control over Gaza and indirect control over life within Gaza that has led the United Nations, the UN General Assembly, the UN Fact Finding Mission to Gaza, International human rights organisations, US Government websites, the UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office and a significant number of legal commentators, to reject the argument that Gaza is no longer occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Contemporary+Law+of+Blockade+and+the+Gaza+Freedom+Flotilla&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+International+Humanitarian+Law+-+2010&rft.pages=429&rft.pub=Springer+Science+%26+Business+Media&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-90-6704-811-8_14&rft.isbn=978-90-6704-811-8&rft.aulast=Sanger&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhYiIWVlpFzEC%26pg%3DPA429&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScobbie2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Iain_Scobbie" title="Iain Scobbie">Scobbie, Iain</a> (2012). Elizabeth Wilmshurst (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GM90Xp03uuEC&pg=PA295">International Law and the Classification of Conflicts</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 295. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965775-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-965775-9"><bdi>978-0-19-965775-9</bdi></a>. <q>Even after the accession to power of Hamas, Israel's claim that it no longer occupies Gaza has not been accepted by UN bodies, most States, nor the majority of academic commentators because of its exclusive control of its border with Gaza and crossing points including the effective control it exerted over the Rafah crossing until at least May 2011, its control of Gaza's maritime zones and airspace which constitute what Aronson terms the 'security envelope' around Gaza, as well as its ability to intervene forcibly at will in Gaza.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Law+and+the+Classification+of+Conflicts&rft.pages=295&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-965775-9&rft.aulast=Scobbie&rft.aufirst=Iain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGM90Xp03uuEC%26pg%3DPA295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGawerc2012" class="citation book cs1">Gawerc, Michelle (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44">Prefiguring Peace: Israeli-Palestinian Peacebuilding Partnerships</a>. Lexington Books. p. 44. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780739166109" title="Special:BookSources/9780739166109"><bdi>9780739166109</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228174718/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hka8FZ4UdWUC&pg=PA44">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023. Retrieved 8 November 2016. <q>While Israel withdrew from the immediate territory, it remained in control of all access to and from Gaza through the border crossings, as well as through the coastline and the airspace. In addition, Gaza was dependent upon Israel for water, electricity sewage communication networks and for its trade (Gisha 2007. Dowty 2008). ln other words, while Israel maintained that its occupation of Gaza ended with its unilateral disengagement Palestinians – as well as many human right organizations and international bodies – argued that Gaza was by all intents and purposes still occupied.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prefiguring+Peace%3A+Israeli-Palestinian+Peacebuilding+Partnerships&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780739166109&rft.aulast=Gawerc&rft.aufirst=Michelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHka8FZ4UdWUC%26pg%3DPA44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-AI_briefing-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AI_briefing_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AI_briefing_192-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/007/2009/en/">"Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories: The conflict in Gaza: A briefing on applicable law, investigations and accountability"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a>. 19 January 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150415160014/https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/mde15/007/2009/en/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel%2FOccupied+Palestinian+Territories%3A+The+conflict+in+Gaza%3A+A+briefing+on+applicable+law%2C+investigations+and+accountability&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2009-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Fdocuments%2Fmde15%2F007%2F2009%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> Hilmi S.Salem, 'Social, Environmental and Security Impacts of Climate Change on the Eastern Mediterranean,' in Hans Günter Brauch, Úrsula Oswald Spring, Czeslaw Mesjasz, John Grin, Patricia Kameri-Mbote, Béchir Chourou, Pál Dunay, Joern Birkmann (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v-9h-mXLaWQC&pg=PA431">Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security: Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102100659/https://books.google.com/books?id=v-9h-mXLaWQC&pg=PA431">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Springer Science & Business Media, 2011 pp.421–445 p.431. </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> Jerome Slater, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/IS3702_Slater.pdf">Just War Moral Philosophy and the 2008–09 Israeli Campaign in Gaza "The continued Israeli de facto or, as it was sometimes called, "indirect occupation" of Gaza was so repressive that it was common for Israeli journalists, academicians, human rights organizations, and even former high government officials such as Shlomo Ben-Ami to describe Gaza as "an open air prison"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191024142223/https://www.belfercenter.org/sites/default/files/legacy/files/IS3702_Slater.pdf">Archived</a> 24 October 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, International Security 37(2):44-80 · October 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-eccpalestine.org-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-eccpalestine.org_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-eccpalestine.org_195-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714172357/http://www.eccpalestine.org/eu-heads-of-missions-report-on-gaza/">"EU Heads of Missions' report on Gaza 2013"</a>. Eccpalestine.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eccpalestine.org/eu-heads-of-missions-report-on-gaza/">the original</a> on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 2 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=EU+Heads+of+Missions%27+report+on+Gaza+2013&rft.pub=Eccpalestine.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eccpalestine.org%2Feu-heads-of-missions-report-on-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aj_reality_check-196"><a href="#cite_ref-aj_reality_check_196-0">^</a> See the short video <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/upfront/2015/10/reality-check-gaza-occupied-151023153703888.html">Reality Check: Gaza is still occupied</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205121934/http://www.aljazeera.com/programmes/upfront/2015/10/reality-check-gaza-occupied-151023153703888.html">Archived</a> 5 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> on Al Jazeera, showing the arguments </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> Richard Falk, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/F1EC67EF7A498A30C125752D005D17F7?opendocument">Statement by Prof. Richard Falk, United Nations Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081229102020/http://www.unhchr.ch/huricane/huricane.nsf/view01/F1EC67EF7A498A30C125752D005D17F7?opendocument">Archived</a> 29 December 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council" title="United Nations Human Rights Council">United Nations Human Rights Council</a>, 27 December 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://imeu.org/article/reference-sheet-israel-gaza-international-law1">'Israel, Gaza & International Law,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150714230552/http://imeu.org/article/reference-sheet-israel-gaza-international-law1">Archived</a> 14 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 19 November 2012 </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> A. Sanger, 'The Contemporary Law of Blockade and the Gaza Freedom Flotilla,' in M.N. Schmitt, Louise Arimatsu, Tim McCormack (eds.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA430">Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law – 2010,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102101202/https://books.google.com/books?id=hYiIWVlpFzEC&pg=PA430">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Springer, 2011. pp.429–430 </li> <li id="cite_note-icrcoccupied-200"><a href="#cite_ref-icrcoccupied_200-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icrc.org/en/document/frequently-asked-questions-icrcs-work-israel-and-occupied-territories">"Frequently asked questions on ICRC's work in Israel and the occupied territories"</a>. International Committee of the Red Cross. 13 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231029201111/https://www.icrc.org/en/document/frequently-asked-questions-icrcs-work-israel-and-occupied-territories">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2023. Retrieved 24 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Frequently+asked+questions+on+ICRC%27s+work+in+Israel+and+the+occupied+territories&rft.pub=International+Committee+of+the+Red+Cross&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icrc.org%2Fen%2Fdocument%2Ffrequently-asked-questions-icrcs-work-israel-and-occupied-territories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hamas_faq-201"><a href="#cite_ref-hamas_faq_201-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hamas.ps/en/page/13/FAQ">Israel ended its occupation of the Gaza Strip when it withdrew from Gaza in 2005, so why does Hamas continue to fire rockets into Israel?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151114085112/http://hamas.ps/en/page/13/FAQ">Archived</a> 14 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. FAQ on the official Hamas website. Accessed November 2015. "This is one of the myths perpetuated by Israel's propaganda ... Israel re-deployed its military occupation forces and evacuated its illegal settlers outside the population centers in Gaza. BUT Israel effectively controls the sea, land and air spaces and border crossings that link the Gaza Strip to the outside world. According to the UN and human rights organizations, Israel still maintains its occupation of the Gaza Strip and subjects the 1.8 million Palestinians in this tiny strip to a horrendous siege and blockade that constitute a war crime under international law." Here, Hamas cites the view of the international community. </li> <li id="cite_note-Gold-202"><a href="#cite_ref-Gold_202-0">^</a> Dore Gold, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm">JCPA Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100621082606/http://jcpa.org/brief/brief005-3.htm">Archived</a> 21 June 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Centre_for_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs</a>, Vol. 5, No. 3, 26 August 2005. </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=443&PID=0&IID=2021&TTL=International_Law_and_Gaza:_The_Assault_on_Israel’s_Right_to_Self-Defense">International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306092456/http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=443&PID=0&IID=2021&TTL=International_Law_and_Gaza%3A_The_Assault_on_Israel%E2%80%99s_Right_to_Self-Defense">Archived</a> 6 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Centre_for_Public_Affairs" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs">Jerusalem Centre for Public Affairs</a>, Vol. 7, No. 29 28 January 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches+by+Israeli+leaders/2008/Address+by+FM+Livni+to+the+8th+Herzliya+Conference+22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print">Israeli MFA Address by Israeli Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111026025009/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Government/Speeches%2Bby%2BIsraeli%2Bleaders/2008/Address%2Bby%2BFM%2BLivni%2Bto%2Bthe%2B8th%2BHerzliya%2BConference%2B22-Jan-2008.htm?DisplayMode=print">Archived</a> 26 October 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)">Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel)</a>, 22 January 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/issues/pages/court%20upholds%20israeli%20limitations%20of%20the%20supply%20of%20fuel%20and%20electricity%20to%20gaza%203-feb-2008.aspx">"Behind the Headlines: Israeli Supreme Court Decision HCJ 9132/07"</a>. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 3 February 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181031052821/http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/issues/pages/court%20upholds%20israeli%20limitations%20of%20the%20supply%20of%20fuel%20and%20electricity%20to%20gaza%203-feb-2008.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2018. Retrieved 30 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Behind+the+Headlines%3A+Israeli+Supreme+Court+Decision+HCJ+9132%2F07&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2008-02-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2Fmfa%2Fforeignpolicy%2Fissues%2Fpages%2Fcourt%2520upholds%2520israeli%2520limitations%2520of%2520the%2520supply%2520of%2520fuel%2520and%2520electricity%2520to%2520gaza%25203-feb-2008.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cuyckens-206">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cuyckens_206-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cuyckens_206-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuyckens2016" class="citation journal cs1">Cuyckens, Hanne (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1">"Is Israel Still an Occupying Power in Gaza?"</a>. Netherlands International Law Review. 63 (3): 275–295. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1">10.1007/s40802-016-0070-1</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Netherlands+International+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Is+Israel+Still+an+Occupying+Power+in+Gaza%3F&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=275-295&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs40802-016-0070-1&rft.aulast=Cuyckens&rft.aufirst=Hanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs40802-016-0070-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-shany-207"><a href="#cite_ref-shany_207-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShany2007" class="citation journal cs1">Shany, Yuval (19 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/yearbook-of-international-humanitarian-law/article/abs/faraway-so-close-the-legal-status-of-gaza-after-israels-disengagement/51EE48DCE49EE52C6AC503DACADDAB76">"FARAWAY, SO CLOSE: THE LEGAL STATUS OF GAZA AFTER ISRAEL'S DISENGAGEMENT"</a>. Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law. 8: 369–383. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1389135905003697">10.1017/S1389135905003697</a> (inactive 1 November 2024). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1574-096X">1574-096X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yearbook+of+International+Humanitarian+Law&rft.atitle=FARAWAY%2C+SO+CLOSE%3A+THE+LEGAL+STATUS+OF+GAZA+AFTER+ISRAEL%27S+DISENGAGEMENT&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=369-383&rft.date=2007-10-19&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1389135905003697&rft.issn=1574-096X&rft.aulast=Shany&rft.aufirst=Yuval&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fyearbook-of-international-humanitarian-law%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Ffaraway-so-close-the-legal-status-of-gaza-after-israels-disengagement%2F51EE48DCE49EE52C6AC503DACADDAB76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_DOI_inactive_as_of_November_2024" title="Category:CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-bell-208"><a href="#cite_ref-bell_208-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBell2014" class="citation report cs1">Bell, Avi (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euiha41fnsb2lyeld3vkc37i-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/israel-may-stop-supplying-water-and-electricity-to-Gaza-updated.pdf">Israel May Stop Supplying Water and Electricity to Gaza</a> (PDF) (Report). Kohelet Policy Forum. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203183846/https://euiha41fnsb2lyeld3vkc37i-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/israel-may-stop-supplying-water-and-electricity-to-Gaza-updated.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Israel+May+Stop+Supplying+Water+and+Electricity+to+Gaza&rft.pub=Kohelet+Policy+Forum&rft.date=2014-07&rft.aulast=Bell&rft.aufirst=Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feuiha41fnsb2lyeld3vkc37i-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2Fisrael-may-stop-supplying-water-and-electricity-to-Gaza-updated.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/newly-appointed-israeli-supreme-court-justice-rapped-high-court-1.5863689">"Israel's New Supreme Court Justice's Deleted Facebook Post: Israel Isn't Obligated to Provide Gaza With Electricity"</a>. Haaretz. 28 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181013211927/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/newly-appointed-israeli-supreme-court-justice-rapped-high-court-1.5863689">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2018. Retrieved 13 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+New+Supreme+Court+Justice%27s+Deleted+Facebook+Post%3A+Israel+Isn%27t+Obligated+to+Provide+Gaza+With+Electricity&rft.date=2018-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fnewly-appointed-israeli-supreme-court-justice-rapped-high-court-1.5863689&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lieber.westpoint.edu/question-whether-gaza-occupied-territory/">Israel – Hamas 2023 Symposium – The Question of Whether Gaza Is Occupied Territory</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lieber.westpoint.edu/legal-context-operations-al-aqsa-flood-swords-of-iron/">Israel – Hamas 2023 Symposium – The Legal Context of Operations Al-Aqsa Flood and Swords of Iron</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/186-20240719-adv-01-00-en.pdf">"Legal Consequences Arising from the Policies and practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, Including East Jerusalem"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 19 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240723012621/https://www.un.org/unispal/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/186-20240719-adv-01-00-en.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 23 July 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Legal+Consequences+Arising+from+the+Policies+and+practices+of+Israel+in+the+Occupied+Palestinian+Territory%2C+Including+East+Jerusalem&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2024%2F07%2F186-20240719-adv-01-00-en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBisharat2024" class="citation web cs1">Bisharat, Ghousoon (23 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.972mag.com/icj-israel-occupation-illegal/">"Israel always sold the occupation as legal. The ICJ now terrifies them"</a>. <a href="/wiki/%2B972_magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="+972 magazine">+972 magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240724063617/https://www.972mag.com/icj-israel-occupation-illegal/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 July 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%2B972+magazine&rft.atitle=Israel+always+sold+the+occupation+as+legal.+The+ICJ+now+terrifies+them&rft.date=2024-07-23&rft.aulast=Bisharat&rft.aufirst=Ghousoon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.972mag.com%2Ficj-israel-occupation-illegal%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/07/1152651">"Independent rights experts urge States to comply with ICJ ruling on Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 30 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241012202650/https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/07/1152651">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Independent+rights+experts+urge+States+to+comply+with+ICJ+ruling+on+Israel&rft.date=2024-07-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2024%2F07%2F1152651&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/07/icj-opinion-declaring-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-unlawful-is-historic-vindication-of-palestinians-rights/">"ICJ opinion declaring Israel's occupation of Palestinian territories unlawful is historic vindication of Palestinians' rights"</a>. 19 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240719181940/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2024/07/icj-opinion-declaring-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-unlawful-is-historic-vindication-of-palestinians-rights/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ICJ+opinion+declaring+Israel%27s+occupation+of+Palestinian+territories+unlawful+is+historic+vindication+of+Palestinians%27+rights&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2024%2F07%2Ficj-opinion-declaring-israels-occupation-of-palestinian-territories-unlawful-is-historic-vindication-of-palestinians-rights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20240719-top-un-court-international-court-justice-says-israel-occupation-palestinian-territories-unlawful-west-bank-settlements">"Top UN court says Israel's occupation of Palestinian Territories is 'unlawful'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. 19 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241012203000/https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20240719-top-un-court-international-court-justice-says-israel-occupation-palestinian-territories-unlawful-west-bank-settlements">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Top+UN+court+says+Israel%27s+occupation+of+Palestinian+Territories+is+%27unlawful%27&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20240719-top-un-court-international-court-justice-says-israel-occupation-palestinian-territories-unlawful-west-bank-settlements&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2024" class="citation web cs1">Berg, Raffi (19 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjerjzxlpvdo">"UN top court says Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240721021028/https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cjerjzxlpvdo">Archived</a> from the original on 21 July 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=UN+top+court+says+Israeli+occupation+of+Palestinian+territories+is+illegal&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Raffi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcjerjzxlpvdo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newarab.com/news/rights-groups-hail-icj-ruling-israel-occupation-palestine">"Rights groups hail 'historic' ICJ ruling on Israel's occupation of Palestine"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Arab" title="The New Arab">The New Arab</a>. 20 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241012203442/https://www.newarab.com/news/rights-groups-hail-icj-ruling-israel-occupation-palestine">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Rights+groups+hail+%27historic%27+ICJ+ruling+on+Israel%27s+occupation+of+Palestine&rft.date=2024-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Frights-groups-hail-icj-ruling-israel-occupation-palestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/19/world-court-says-israels-settlement-policies-breach-international-law">"ICJ says Israel's presence in Palestinian territory is unlawful"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Jazeera">Al Jazeera</a>. 19 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240719161108/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/19/world-court-says-israels-settlement-policies-breach-international-law">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=ICJ+says+Israel%27s+presence+in+Palestinian+territory+is+unlawful&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F7%2F19%2Fworld-court-says-israels-settlement-policies-breach-international-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/07/1152296">"Israel's continued occupation of Palestinian territory 'unlawful': UN world court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>. 19 July 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20240808072541/https://news.un.org/en/story/2024/07/1152296">Archived</a> from the original on 8 August 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+continued+occupation+of+Palestinian+territory+%27unlawful%27%3A+UN+world+court&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2024%2F07%2F1152296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbrahimMcCluskey2024" class="citation web cs1">Ebrahim, Nadeen; McCluskey, Mitchell (19 July 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/19/middleeast/israel-west-bank-jerusalem-occupation-icj-opinion-intl/index.html">"Top UN court says Israeli occupation of West Bank and East Jerusalem is illegal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20241012204147/https://edition.cnn.com/2024/07/19/middleeast/israel-west-bank-jerusalem-occupation-icj-opinion-intl/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Top+UN+court+says+Israeli+occupation+of+West+Bank+and+East+Jerusalem+is+illegal&rft.date=2024-07-19&rft.aulast=Ebrahim&rft.aufirst=Nadeen&rft.au=McCluskey%2C+Mitchell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2024%2F07%2F19%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-west-bank-jerusalem-occupation-icj-opinion-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-occupation-of-gaza-in-the-icj-palestine-advisory-opinion/">The Occupation of Gaza in the ICJ Palestine Advisory Opinion</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.lawfaremedia.org/article/another-brick-in-the-wall--the-icj-advisory-opinion-on-israeli-policies-and-practices-in-the-occupied-palestinian-territory">Another Brick in the Wall? The ICJ Advisory Opinion on Israeli Policies and Practices in the Occupied Palestinian Territory</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/palestinians-in-lebanon-ready-to-fight-israel-if-hezbollah-helps-them">"Palestinians in Lebanon ready to fight Israel, if Hezbollah helps them"</a>. Al Jazeera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231009161501/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/palestinians-in-lebanon-ready-to-fight-israel-if-hezbollah-helps-them">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinians+in+Lebanon+ready+to+fight+Israel%2C+if+Hezbollah+helps+them&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F9%2Fpalestinians-in-lebanon-ready-to-fight-israel-if-hezbollah-helps-them&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTétrault-Farber2023" class="citation web cs1">Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (11 July 2023). Maclean, William (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-occupation-makes-palestinian-territories-open-air-prison-un-expert-2023-07-11/">"Israel occupation makes Palestinian territories 'open-air prison', UN expert says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104141357/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-occupation-makes-palestinian-territories-open-air-prison-un-expert-2023-07-11/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel+occupation+makes+Palestinian+territories+%27open-air+prison%27%2C+UN+expert+says&rft.date=2023-07-11&rft.aulast=T%C3%A9trault-Farber&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-occupation-makes-palestinian-territories-open-air-prison-un-expert-2023-07-11%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HRW111-217">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HRW111_217-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW111_217-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW111_217-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW111_217-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HRW111_217-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/14/gaza-israels-open-air-prison-15">"Gaza: Israel's 'Open-Air Prison' at 15"</a>. Human Rights Watch. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012000721/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/14/gaza-israels-open-air-prison-15">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Israel%27s+%27Open-Air+Prison%27+at+15&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2022%2F06%2F14%2Fgaza-israels-open-air-prison-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRC111-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NRC111_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRC111_218-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NRC111_218-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nrc.no/news/2018/april/gaza-the-worlds-largest-open-air-prison/">"Gaza: The world's largest open-air prison"</a>. Norwegian Refugee Council. 26 April 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231011184025/https://www.nrc.no/news/2018/april/gaza-the-worlds-largest-open-air-prison/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Norwegian+Refugee+Council&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+The+world%27s+largest+open-air+prison&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.no%2Fnews%2F2018%2Fapril%2Fgaza-the-worlds-largest-open-air-prison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/International/hell-earth-israel-unrest-spotlights-dire-conditions-gaza/story?id=103829699">"'Hell on earth': Israel unrest spotlights dire conditions in Gaza"</a>. abcnews. 9 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012044104/https://abcnews.go.com/International/hell-earth-israel-unrest-spotlights-dire-conditions-gaza/story?id=103829699">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=abcnews&rft.atitle=%27Hell+on+earth%27%3A+Israel+unrest+spotlights+dire+conditions+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fhell-earth-israel-unrest-spotlights-dire-conditions-gaza%2Fstory%3Fid%3D103829699&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/2023/10/7/23907912/israel-palestine-conflict-history-explained-gaza-hamas">"This Gaza war didn't come out of nowhere"</a>. Vox. 7 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231013001255/https://www.vox.com/2023/10/7/23907912/israel-palestine-conflict-history-explained-gaza-hamas">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=This+Gaza+war+didn%27t+come+out+of+nowhere&rft.date=2023-10-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2023%2F10%2F7%2F23907912%2Fisrael-palestine-conflict-history-explained-gaza-hamas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/10/12/palestinians-can-t-just-leave-gaza-during-israel-hamas-conflict/21fa3714-68b8-11ee-9753-2b3742e96987_story.html">"No, Palestinians Can't Just Leave Gaza"</a>. Washington Post. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240307223644/https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/2023/10/12/palestinians-can-t-just-leave-gaza-during-israel-hamas-conflict/21fa3714-68b8-11ee-9753-2b3742e96987_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=No%2C+Palestinians+Can%27t+Just+Leave+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fbusiness%2F2023%2F10%2F12%2Fpalestinians-can-t-just-leave-gaza-during-israel-hamas-conflict%2F21fa3714-68b8-11ee-9753-2b3742e96987_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/11/what-is-gaza-strip-the-besieged-palestinian-enclave-under-israeli-assault">"What is Gaza Strip, the besieged Palestinian enclave under Israeli assault?"</a>. Al Jazeera. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012232725/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/11/what-is-gaza-strip-the-besieged-palestinian-enclave-under-israeli-assault">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=What+is+Gaza+Strip%2C+the+besieged+Palestinian+enclave+under+Israeli+assault%3F&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F11%2Fwhat-is-gaza-strip-the-besieged-palestinian-enclave-under-israeli-assault&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2021/05/26/gaza-no-exit-wedeman-pkg-intl-hnk-vpx.cnn">"Analyst: Gaza becomes the biggest open-air prison on earth"</a>. CNN. 12 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014022308/https://edition.cnn.com/videos/world/2021/05/26/gaza-no-exit-wedeman-pkg-intl-hnk-vpx.cnn">Archived</a> from the original on 14 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Analyst%3A+Gaza+becomes+the+biggest+open-air+prison+on+earth&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Fworld%2F2021%2F05%2F26%2Fgaza-no-exit-wedeman-pkg-intl-hnk-vpx.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-TI111-220"><a href="#cite_ref-TI111_220-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/who-lives-in-gaza-strip-control-history-map-b2429107.html">"Gaza under siege: The 25-mile-long strip with 2.3 million 'prisoners'"</a>. The Independent. 13 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231013202320/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/who-lives-in-gaza-strip-control-history-map-b2429107.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Gaza+under+siege%3A+The+25-mile-long+strip+with+2.3+million+%27prisoners%27&rft.date=2023-10-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fwho-lives-in-gaza-strip-control-history-map-b2429107.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-10778110">"David Cameron describes blockaded Gaza as a 'prison'"</a>. BBC. 27 July 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231013202821/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-10778110">Archived</a> from the original on 13 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=David+Cameron+describes+blockaded+Gaza+as+a+%27prison%27&rft.date=2010-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-10778110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessinsider.com/sanders-gaza-is-open-air-prison-israel-violating-international-law-2023-10">"Bernie Sanders says Israel is violating international law with blockade on 'open-air prison' in Gaza"</a>. Business Insider. 11 October 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012190735/https://www.businessinsider.com/sanders-gaza-is-open-air-prison-israel-violating-international-law-2023-10">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2023. Retrieved 13 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Bernie+Sanders+says+Israel+is+violating+international+law+with+blockade+on+%27open-air+prison%27+in+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fsanders-gaza-is-open-air-prison-israel-violating-international-law-2023-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGideon_Levy2010" class="citation book cs1">Gideon Levy (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tupOEAAAQBAJ">The Punishment of Gaza</a>. Verso Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781844676019" title="Special:BookSources/9781844676019"><bdi>9781844676019</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030070056/https://books.google.com/books?id=tupOEAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Punishment+of+Gaza&rft.pub=Verso+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781844676019&rft.au=Gideon+Levy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtupOEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIlan_Pappe2017" class="citation book cs1">Ilan Pappe (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=aDA1GQAACAAJ">The Biggest Prison on Earth</a>. One WorldPublications Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781851685875" title="Special:BookSources/9781851685875"><bdi>9781851685875</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231030070057/https://books.google.com/books?id=aDA1GQAACAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 30 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Biggest+Prison+on+Earth&rft.pub=One+WorldPublications+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781851685875&rft.au=Ilan+Pappe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaDA1GQAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEiland2018" class="citation news cs1">Eiland, Giora (6 February 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5275535,00.html">"Needed: A different Gaza strategy"</a>. Ynetnews. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924034952/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5275535,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Needed%3A+A+different+Gaza+strategy&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft.aulast=Eiland&rft.aufirst=Giora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-5275535%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2018" class="citation news cs1">Levy, Yagil (7 August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-strengthen-the-state-of-gaza-1.6358839">"Opinion | Strengthen the State of Gaza"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924033719/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-strengthen-the-state-of-gaza-1.6358839">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+Strengthen+the+State+of+Gaza&rft.date=2018-08-07&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Yagil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fopinion%2F.premium-strengthen-the-state-of-gaza-1.6358839&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArens2017" class="citation news cs1">Arens, Moshe (26 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-gaza-a-failed-palestinian-state-1.5488422">"Opinion | Gaza, a Failed Palestinian State"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180924033801/https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/.premium-gaza-a-failed-palestinian-state-1.5488422">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2018. Retrieved 23 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Opinion+%7C+Gaza%2C+a+Failed+Palestinian+State&rft.date=2017-06-26&rft.aulast=Arens&rft.aufirst=Moshe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fopinion%2F.premium-gaza-a-failed-palestinian-state-1.5488422&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAhren" class="citation news cs1">Ahren, Raphael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/shaked-touts-confederation-of-jordan-gaza-and-parts-of-west-bank/">"Shaked touts 'confederation' of Jordan, Gaza, and parts of West Bank"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181129162207/https://www.timesofisrael.com/shaked-touts-confederation-of-jordan-gaza-and-parts-of-west-bank/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Shaked+touts+%27confederation%27+of+Jordan%2C+Gaza%2C+and+parts+of+West+Bank&rft.aulast=Ahren&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fshaked-touts-confederation-of-jordan-gaza-and-parts-of-west-bank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/05/era-sovereignty-gaza-150504054233875.html">"A new era of sovereignty in Gaza - Gaza: After the war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network" title="Al Jazeera Media Network">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203043243/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2015/05/era-sovereignty-gaza-150504054233875.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018. Retrieved 6 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=A+new+era+of+sovereignty+in+Gaza+-+Gaza%3A+After+the+war&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Fopinion%2F2015%2F05%2Fera-sovereignty-gaza-150504054233875.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchulman2016" class="citation news cs1">Schulman, Marc (23 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newsweek.com/tel-aviv-diary-tragedy-palestinians-502021">"Tel Aviv Diary: The tragedy of the Palestinians"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181127131437/https://www.newsweek.com/tel-aviv-diary-tragedy-palestinians-502021">Archived</a> from the original on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+Diary%3A+The+tragedy+of+the+Palestinians&rft.date=2016-09-23&rft.aulast=Schulman&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Ftel-aviv-diary-tragedy-palestinians-502021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-msnbc_fly_again-231">^ <a href="#cite_ref-msnbc_fly_again_231-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-msnbc_fly_again_231-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7900217">Grounded in Gaza, but hoping to fly again</a>, <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>, 19 May 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc2005-232">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2005_232-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc2005_232-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4449461.stm">Years of delays at Gaza airport</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060308050138/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4449461.stm">Archived</a> 8 March 2006 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Johnston" title="Alan Johnston">Johnston, Alan</a>. BBC News, 15 April 2005 </li> <li id="cite_note-precisely_wrong-233"><a href="#cite_ref-precisely_wrong_233-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/06/30/precisely-wrong/gaza-civilians-killed-israeli-drone-launched-missiles">Precisely Wrong—Gaza Civilians Killed by Israeli Drone-Launched Missiles</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151104182855/https://www.hrw.org/report/2009/06/30/precisely-wrong/gaza-civilians-killed-israeli-drone-launched-missiles">Archived</a> 4 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Human Rights Watch, 30 June 2009 </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCook2013" class="citation web cs1">Cook, Jonathan (28 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2013/11/28/gaza-life-and-death-under-israels-drones">"Gaza: Life and death under Israel's drones"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240104101320/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2013/11/28/gaza-life-and-death-under-israels-drones">Archived</a> from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+Life+and+death+under+Israel%27s+drones&rft.date=2013-11-28&rft.aulast=Cook&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2013%2F11%2F28%2Fgaza-life-and-death-under-israels-drones&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbu_Saif2014" class="citation report cs1">Abu Saif, Atef (March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/sonst_publikationen/Sleepless-in-Gaza-by-Atef-Abu-Saif-RLS-Palestine.pdf">Sleepless in Gaza: Israeli drone war on the Gaza Strip</a> (PDF) (Report). <a href="/wiki/Rosa_Luxemburg_Stiftung" class="mw-redirect" title="Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung">Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung</a> Regional Office Palestine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240203182432/https://www.rosalux.de/fileadmin/rls_uploads/pdfs/sonst_publikationen/Sleepless-in-Gaza-by-Atef-Abu-Saif-RLS-Palestine.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 3 February 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Sleepless+in+Gaza%3A+Israeli+drone+war+on+the+Gaza+Strip&rft.pub=Rosa+Luxemburg+Stiftung+Regional+Office+Palestine&rft.date=2014-03&rft.aulast=Abu+Saif&rft.aufirst=Atef&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosalux.de%2Ffileadmin%2Frls_uploads%2Fpdfs%2Fsonst_publikationen%2FSleepless-in-Gaza-by-Atef-Abu-Saif-RLS-Palestine.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_hard_times-236">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_hard_times_236-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_hard_times_236-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_hard_times_236-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11721118">Hard times drive Gazans into perilous ′buffer zone′</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170624140117/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-11721118">Archived</a> 24 June 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. BBC, 10 November 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-pchr_enforced_live_fire-237">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pchr_enforced_live_fire_237-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pchr_enforced_live_fire_237-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pchr_enforced_live_fire_237-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pchr_enforced_live_fire_237-3">d</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imemc.org/article/71548">PCHR-Gaza: Israeli Buffer Zone Policies Typically Enforced with Live Fire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151017193835/http://www.imemc.org/article/71548">Archived</a> 17 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. PCHR, 11 May 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=765776">Israeli forces release 5 detained fishermen in Gaza</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120084302/http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=765776">Archived</a> 20 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ma'an, 4 June 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-imemc_2011-04-05-239">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imemc_2011-04-05_239-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imemc_2011-04-05_239-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-imemc_2011-04-05_239-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imemc.org/article/61003">Palestinian Killed in Gaza Buffer Zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014608/http://www.imemc.org/article/61003">Archived</a> 1 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. IMEMC, 5 April 2011 </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> Roy, S. M. (2016). The Gaza Strip: The political economy of de-development, expanded third edition. United States: Institute for Palestine Studies p. l </li> <li id="cite_note-ocha_factsheet_july_2015-241">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ocha_factsheet_july_2015_241-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ocha_factsheet_july_2015_241-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ocha_factsheet_july_2015_241-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_blockade_factsheet_July_2015_english.pdf">The Gaza Strip: The Humanitarian Impact of the Blockade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150717234752/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_gaza_blockade_factsheet_july_2015_english.pdf">Archived</a> 17 July 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. UN OCHA, July 2015. "1.8 million Palestinians in Gaza are 'locked in', denied free access to the remainder of the occupied Palestinian territory and the outside world." Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/reports.aspx?id=103&page=1">Fact Sheets</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160329054638/http://www.ochaopt.org/reports.aspx?id=103&page=1">Archived</a> 29 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=255137">Peaceful march reaches Gaza buffer zone</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151120081557/http://www.maannews.com/Content.aspx?id=255137">Archived</a> 20 November 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ma'an News Agency, 18 January 2010 </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> Roy, S. M. (2016). The Gaza Strip: The political economy of de-development, expanded third edition. United States: Institute for Palestine Studies p. xlix </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> IDMC, Access Restricted Areas in the Gaza Strip, p. 1. </li> <li id="cite_note-gisha_idf_spokesman-245"><a href="#cite_ref-gisha_idf_spokesman_245-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gisha.org/legal/4577">IDF spokesman provides contradictory answers regarding the width of the "no-go zone" which residents of the Gaza Strip are prohibited from entering</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151002014109/http://gisha.org/legal/4577">Archived</a> 2 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Gisha, August 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/09/22/look-another-homeland/forced-evictions-egypts-rafah">"Look for Another Homeland"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211205100025/https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/09/22/look-another-homeland/forced-evictions-egypts-rafah">Archived</a> 5 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Human Rights Watch, September 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-haaretz_abbas-247">^ <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_abbas_247-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-haaretz_abbas_247-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.629397">Abbas: Egypt Right to Create Buffer Zone on Gaza Border</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150820105818/https://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/.premium-1.629397">Archived</a> 20 August 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Jack Khoury, Haaretz, 1 December 2014 (premium). ″Abbas believed the destruction of the tunnels was the best solution. The Palestinian president said he had recommended previously the sealing or destruction of the tunnels by flooding them and then punishing the owners of the homes that contained entrances to the tunnels, including demolishing their homes.″ </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGisha" class="citation web cs1">Gisha. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231201092015/https://features.gisha.org/gaza-up-close/">"Gaza Up Close"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://features.gisha.org/gaza-up-close/">the original</a> on 1 December 2023. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaza+Up+Close&rft.au=Gisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffeatures.gisha.org%2Fgaza-up-close%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1096443.html">"Red Cross: Israel trapping 1.5m Gazans in despair"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. 29 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090630165052/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1096443.html">Archived</a> from the original on 30 June 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Red+Cross%3A+Israel+trapping+1.5m+Gazans+in+despair&rft.date=2009-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F1096443.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-middleeastmonitor2013-250"><a href="#cite_ref-middleeastmonitor2013_250-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamira_Shackle2013" class="citation web cs1">Samira Shackle (14 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014153810/http://www.middleeastmonitor.com/blogs/lifestyle/7813-israel-tightens-its-blockade-of-gaza-for-security-reasons">"Israel tightens its blockade of Gaza for 'security reasons'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor" title="Middle East Monitor">Middle East Monitor</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/blogs/lifestyle/7813-israel-tightens-its-blockade-of-gaza-for-security-reasons">the original</a> on 14 October 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Israel+tightens+its+blockade+of+Gaza+for+%27security+reasons%27&rft.date=2013-10-14&rft.au=Samira+Shackle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2Fblogs%2Flifestyle%2F7813-israel-tightens-its-blockade-of-gaza-for-security-reasons&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988">:'Yet critics point out that it is not just military supplies that cannot enter Gaza, but basic construction materials, medical supplies, and food stuffs. The issue came to international attention in 2010, when a flotilla of activists attempted to break the blockade and carry humanitarian aid into Gaza. Nine were killed when the Israeli navy entered the flotilla. The incident shone a spotlight onto the blockade of Gaza. At one stage, prohibited materials included coriander, ginger, nutmeg and newspapers. A relaxation of the rules in June 2009 meant that processed hummus was allowed in, but not hummus with extras such as pine nuts or mushrooms. One of the biggest issues has been building materials. The strict restrictions on goods going into Gaza meant that it was impossible to start reconstruction work; it was therefore impossible to repair shattered windows to keep out the winter rain.' </li> <li id="cite_note-idf100908-251"><a href="#cite_ref-idf100908_251-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120116231842/http://www.mag.idf.il/163-4314-en/patzar.aspx">"Position paper on the naval blockade on Gaza"</a>. idf.il. 8 September 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mag.idf.il/163-4314-en/patzar.aspx">the original</a> on 16 January 2012. Retrieved 28 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Position+paper+on+the+naval+blockade+on+Gaza&rft.pub=idf.il&rft.date=2010-09-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mag.idf.il%2F163-4314-en%2Fpatzar.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131015054031/http://www.mag.idf.il/sip_storage//FILES/5/915.pdf">Full version in Hebrew</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/10/12/gaza-donors-un-should-press-israel-blockade">Gaza: Donors, UN Should Press Israel on Blockade</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170104210821/https://www.hrw.org/news/2014/10/12/gaza-donors-un-should-press-israel-blockade">Archived</a> 4 January 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Human Rights Watch, 12 October 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> (2011) Palmer Report Did Not Find Gaza Blockade Legal, Despite Media Headlines. Amnesty International USA. Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.amnestyusa.org/updates/palmer-report-did-not-find-gaza-blockade-legal-despite-media-headlines">https://www.amnestyusa.org/updates/palmer-report-did-not-find-gaza-blockade-legal-despite-media-headlines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231209211239/https://www.amnestyusa.org/updates/palmer-report-did-not-find-gaza-blockade-legal-despite-media-headlines/">Archived</a> 9 December 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gisha.org/item.asp?lang_id=en&p_id=1405">"Gisha's response to Palmer Report"</a>. 21 October 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111021060731/https://www.gisha.org/item.asp?lang_id=en&p_id=1405">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2011. Retrieved 18 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gisha%27s+response+to+Palmer+Report&rft.date=2011-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gisha.org%2Fitem.asp%3Flang_id%3Den%26p_id%3D1405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?ID=178503">"Diskin: No aid crisis in Gaza"</a>. Jpost.com. 15 June 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110126130916/http://www.jpost.com/Israel/Article.aspx?id=178503">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diskin%3A+No+aid+crisis+in+Gaza&rft.pub=Jpost.com&rft.date=2010-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FIsrael%2FArticle.aspx%3FID%3D178503&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0602/Egypt-eases-own-Gaza-blockade-after-Israel-Freedom-Flotilla-raid">Egypt eases own Gaza blockade after Israel Freedom Flotilla raid</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819114620/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2010/0602/Egypt-eases-own-Gaza-blockade-after-Israel-Freedom-Flotilla-raid">Archived</a> 19 August 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Christian Science Monitor, 2 June 2010 (page 2) </li> <li id="cite_note-Sara_M._Roy2-257"><a href="#cite_ref-Sara_M._Roy2_257-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSara_M._Roy2016" class="citation book cs1">Sara M. Roy (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gXAqjgEACAAJ&pg=PA">The Gaza Strip</a>. Institute for Palestine Studies USA, Incorporated. pp. xxxi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-321-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88728-321-5"><bdi>978-0-88728-321-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240311045308/https://books.google.com/books?id=gXAqjgEACAAJ&pg=PA">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2024. Retrieved 21 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gaza+Strip&rft.pages=xxxi&rft.pub=Institute+for+Palestine+Studies+USA%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-88728-321-5&rft.au=Sara+M.+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgXAqjgEACAAJ%26pg%3DPA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> World Bank, Fiscal Crisis, Economic Prospects: The Imperative of Economic Cohesion in the Palestinian Territories—Economic Monitoring Report to the Ad Hoc Liaison Committee (New York: 23 September 2012), pp. 11-12, online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWESTBANKGAZA/Resources/AHLCReportFinal.pdf">https://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWESTBANKGAZA/Resources/AHLCReportFinal.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190518125427/http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWESTBANKGAZA/Resources/AHLCReportFinal.pdf">Archived</a> 18 May 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> . </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> For the first time since the closure: A truckload of cucumbers left Gaza for sale in the West Bank - Gisha. (6 November 2014). Retrieved from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://gisha.org/en/for-the-first-time-since-the-closure-a-truckload-of-cucumbers-left-gaza-for-sale-in-the-west-bank">https://gisha.org/en/for-the-first-time-since-the-closure-a-truckload-of-cucumbers-left-gaza-for-sale-in-the-west-bank</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231104161608/https://gisha.org/en/for-the-first-time-since-the-closure-a-truckload-of-cucumbers-left-gaza-for-sale-in-the-west-bank/">Archived</a> 4 November 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-ocha201103-260">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ocha201103_260-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ocha201103_260-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ocha201103_260-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ocha201103_260-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110726062323/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_special_easing_the_blockade_2011_03_english.pdf">"Easing the blockade – Assessing the humanitarian impact on the population of the Gaza Strip"</a> (PDF). UNITED NATIONS Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs occupied Palestinian territory. March 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/ocha_opt_special_easing_the_blockade_2011_03_english.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 26 July 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Easing+the+blockade+%E2%80%93+Assessing+the+humanitarian+impact+on+the+population+of+the+Gaza+Strip&rft.pub=UNITED+NATIONS+Office+for+the+Coordination+of+Humanitarian+Affairs+occupied+Palestinian+territory&rft.date=2011-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fdocuments%2Focha_opt_special_easing_the_blockade_2011_03_english.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-261"><a href="#cite_ref-:2_261-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2006" class="citation web cs1">Young, Elizabeth (23 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/palestinian-economic-dependence-israel">"Palestinian Economic Dependence on Israel"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy" title="The Washington Institute for Near East Policy">The Washington Institute for Near East Policy</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231113040415/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/palestinian-economic-dependence-israel">Archived</a> from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 13 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Economic+Dependence+on+Israel&rft.date=2006-03-23&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fpalestinian-economic-dependence-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304066504576350681957475322">"Egypt Opens Gaza Border"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170709191353/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702304066504576350681957475322">Archived</a> 9 July 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, 29 May 2011. </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141025194409/http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/04/us-egypt-hamas-idUSBREA230F520140304">"Egypt bans Hamas activities in Egypt"</a>. Reuters. 4 March 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/04/us-egypt-hamas-idUSBREA230F520140304">the original</a> on 25 October 2014. Retrieved 1 July 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Egypt+bans+Hamas+activities+in+Egypt&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2F2014%2F03%2F04%2Fus-egypt-hamas-idUSBREA230F520140304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/08/2013815104352186552.html">"Rafah crossing closed after Egypt violence – Middle East"</a>. Al Jazeera English. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141119080010/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2013/08/2013815104352186552.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 November 2014. Retrieved 10 August 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rafah+crossing+closed+after+Egypt+violence+%E2%80%93+Middle+East&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2013%2F08%2F2013815104352186552.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-memo_destroying_crops-265"><a href="#cite_ref-memo_destroying_crops_265-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/23117-israeli-military-admits-destroying-gaza-crops-on-border">Israeli military admits destroying Gaza crops on border</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160205121934/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/news/middle-east/23117-israeli-military-admits-destroying-gaza-crops-on-border">Archived</a> 5 February 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. MEMO, 31 December 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/01/israel-spraying-toxins-palestinian-crops-gaza-160114063046813.html">Israel spraying toxins over Palestinian crops in Gaza</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160119144440/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/01/israel-spraying-toxins-palestinian-crops-gaza-160114063046813.html">Archived</a> 19 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Belal Aldabbour, Al Jazeera, 19 January 2016 </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/gaza_crossings_operations_status_september%202015.pdf">Gaza crossings’ operations status:Monthly update—September 2015</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151028021327/http://www.ochaopt.org/documents/gaza_crossings_operations_status_september%202015.pdf">Archived</a> 28 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. UN OCHA. Available at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gaza.ochaopt.org/2015/09/gaza-crossings-operations-status-monthly-update-july-2015/">Gaza Crossings’ Operations Status: Monthly Update</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016210132/http://gaza.ochaopt.org/2015/09/gaza-crossings-operations-status-monthly-update-july-2015/">Archived</a> 16 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/1.659942">Open Gaza's crossings—Keeping Gazans locked in the crowded Strip is immoral and strategically unwise</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151029171529/http://www.haaretz.com/opinion/1.659942">Archived</a> 29 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Jack Khoury and Reuters, Haaretz, 28 May 2015</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/sites/default/files2/201401_'so_near_and_yet_so_far_eng.pdf">So near and yet so far—Implications of Israeli‐Imposed Seclusion of Gaza Strip on Palestinians’ Right to Family Life</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍]. Hamoked and B'Tselem, January 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/publications/summaries/201401_so_near_and_yet_so_far">Here available</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151031114337/http://www.btselem.org/publications/summaries/201401_so_near_and_yet_so_far">Archived</a> 31 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gisha.org/press/4726">Gisha to the High Court: Allow a woman from Gaza to attend her own wedding</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306015101/http://gisha.org/press/4726">Archived</a> 6 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Gisha, 18 November 2015 </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170708030956/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/opinion/sunday/roger-cohen-what-will-israel-become.html">"What Will Israel Become?"</a>. The New York Times. 20 December 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/21/opinion/sunday/roger-cohen-what-will-israel-become.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2017. <q>Roger Cohen: "The 140-square-mile area is little better than an open-air prison. As incubators for <a href="/wiki/Violent_extremism" title="Violent extremism">violent extremism</a> go, it is hard to imagine a more effective setting than Gaza."</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Will+Israel+Become%3F&rft.date=2014-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F12%2F21%2Fopinion%2Fsunday%2Froger-cohen-what-will-israel-become.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/12635-noam-chomsky-my-visit-to-gaza-the-worlds-largest-open-air-prison"> My Visit to Gaza, the World's Largest Open-Air Prison</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151024235819/http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/12635-noam-chomsky-my-visit-to-gaza-the-worlds-largest-open-air-prison">Archived</a> 24 October 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Truthout, 9 November 2012. Noam Chomsky: 'And it hardly takes more than a day in Gaza to appreciate what it must be like to try to survive in the world's largest open-air prison,'</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/israel_has_been_bitten_by_a_bat_20140718">'Israel Has Been Bitten by a Bat,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150403071846/http://www.truthdig.com/report/item/israel_has_been_bitten_by_a_bat_20140718">Archived</a> 3 April 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Truthdig" title="Truthdig">Truthdig</a> 18 July 2014. Lawrence Weschler:'I'm tired, for example, of hearing about how vital and cosmopolitan and democratic are the streets and cafes and nightclubs of Tel Aviv. For the fact is that one simply can't sustain such cosmopolitan vitality 40 miles from a prison camp containing close to two million people: It's a contradiction in terms.'</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btselem.org/download/200705_gaza_insert_eng.pdf">' Gaza:One Big Prison,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140829212751/http://www.btselem.org/download/200705_gaza_insert_eng.pdf">Archived</a> 29 August 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. B'tselem,12 May 2007.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/gaza-is-open-air-prison-un-humanitarian-chief">'Gaza is 'open-air prison',?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141031023621/http://www.thenational.ae/news/world/middle-east/gaza-is-open-air-prison-un-humanitarian-chief">Archived</a> 31 October 2014 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The National (Abu Dhabi), 12 March 2010. The Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Sir John Holmes</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWattSherwood2010" class="citation news cs1">Watt, Nicholas; Sherwood, Harrie (27 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190503110926/https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/jul/27/david-cameron-gaza-prison-camp">"'David Cameron: Israeli blockade has turned Gaza Strip into a 'prison camp'"</a>. The Guardian. <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2010/jul/27/david-cameron-gaza-prison-camp">the original</a> on 3 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27David+Cameron%3A+Israeli+blockade+has+turned+Gaza+Strip+into+a+%27prison+camp%27&rft.date=2010-07-27&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Sherwood%2C+Harrie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F2010%2Fjul%2F27%2Fdavid-cameron-gaza-prison-camp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141224223650/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3664532,00.html">"'Erdogan: Palestine an open-air prison,'"</a>. Ynet. 31 January 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3664532,00.html">the original</a> on 24 December 2014. <q>Recep Tayyip Erdoğan: "Palestine today is an open-air prison. Hamas, as much as they tried, could not change the situation. Just imagine, you imprison the speaker of a country as well as some ministers of its government and members of its parliament. And then you expect them to sit obediently?"</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=%27Erdogan%3A+Palestine+an+open-air+prison%2C%27&rft.date=2009-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3664532%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZieve2013" class="citation news cs1">Zieve, Tamara (15 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150108000626/http://www.jpost.com/International/Australia-MPs-Gaza-is-worlds-largest-outdoor-jail">"Australia MPs: Gaza is world's largest outdoor jail"</a>. Jerusalem Post. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/International/Australia-MPs-Gaza-is-worlds-largest-outdoor-jail">the original</a> on 8 January 2015. <q>"How could members, who wanted to get a balanced understanding of the issues facing Israel, Palestine and the Middle East, go to the other side of the planet and fail to visit Gaza, the world's largest outdoor prison?" Shoebridge asked.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Australia+MPs%3A+Gaza+is+world%27s+largest+outdoor+jail&rft.date=2013-03-15&rft.aulast=Zieve&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FAustralia-MPs-Gaza-is-worlds-largest-outdoor-jail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4560957,00.html">Hollande calls for demilitarization of Gaza</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160101014608/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4560957,00.html">Archived</a> 1 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Ynet, 20 August 2014 </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> Alain Gresh, Dominique Vidal, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z6mAa4WubagC&pg=PA91">The New A-Z of the Middle East,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102101202/https://books.google.com/books?id=z6mAa4WubagC&pg=PA91">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 2nd ed. I.B.Tauris, 2004 p.91. </li> <li id="cite_note-Raz2008-272"><a href="#cite_ref-Raz2008_272-0">^</a> Noa Raz,<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3595097,00.html">'Blair sister-in-law: Gaza world's largest concentration camp,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318193203/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3595097,00.html">Archived</a> 18 March 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Ynet, 11 September 2008, for Tony Blair's sister-in law, <a href="/wiki/Lauren_Booth" title="Lauren Booth">Lauren Booth</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-Shlaifer2014-273"><a href="#cite_ref-Shlaifer2014_273-0">^</a> Ron Shlaifer, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eYqoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA203">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102101204/https://books.google.com/books?id=eYqoBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA203">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Psychological Warfare [in the Arab–Israeli Conflict, Palgrave Macmillan, 2014 p.203 – Lauren Booth's expression </li> <li id="cite_note-Slater2011-274"><a href="#cite_ref-Slater2011_274-0">^</a> Philip Slater, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-slater/a-message-to-israel-time_b_155978.html">‘A Message to Israel: Time to Stop Playing the Victim Role</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171024084228/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/philip-slater/a-message-to-israel-time_b_155978.html">Archived</a> 24 October 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>,’ Huffington Post, 25 May 2011:'Calling Hamas the 'aggressor' is undignified. The Gaza strip is little more than a large Israeli concentration camp, in which Palestinians are attacked at will, starved of food, fuel, energy—even deprived of hospital supplies. They cannot come and go freely, and have to build tunnels to smuggle in the necessities of life.' </li> <li id="cite_note-Jessica2013-275"><a href="#cite_ref-Jessica2013_275-0">^</a> Jessica Whyte, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wZXaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95">Catastrophe and Redemption: The Political Thought of Giorgio Agamben,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102101202/https://books.google.com/books?id=wZXaAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA95">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> SUNY Press, 2013 p.95. </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BfQoxsH9bbwC&pg=PA26">Holocaust Denial: The Politics of Perfidy,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102101203/https://books.google.com/books?id=BfQoxsH9bbwC&pg=PA26">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Walter de Gruyter, 2012 p.26 </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Sh2vAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA91">Jews and the Left: The Rise and Fall of a Political Alliance,</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102101204/https://books.google.com/books?id=Sh2vAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA91">Archived</a> 2 November 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Palgrave Macmillan, 2014 p.91. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESeib2012153-278"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESeib2012153_278-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSeib2012">Seib 2012</a>, p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> +972 Magazine, 30 June 2020 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.972mag.com/gaza-movement-separation-policy/">"‘Gaza is a One-Way Ticket’: How Israel's Relocation Policy is Separating Palestinian Communities--Israel Is Systemically Routing Palestinian Movement in One Direction — from the West Bank to Gaza"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200707063716/https://www.972mag.com/gaza-movement-separation-policy/">Archived</a> 7 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), Report on UNCTAD Assistance to the Palestinian People: Developments in the Economy of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (Geneva: UNCTAD, September 2015), p. 8, online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tdb62d3_en.pdf">http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tdb62d3_en.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201003183453/https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/tdb62d3_en.pdf">Archived</a> 3 October 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> . </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="The-Guardian-UN-report" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Larry (25 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/25/un-report-80-per-cent-of-gaza-inhabitants-relied-on-international-aid-before-war">"UN report: 80% of Gaza inhabitants relied on international aid before war"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231103073449/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/25/un-report-80-per-cent-of-gaza-inhabitants-relied-on-international-aid-before-war">Archived</a> from the original on 3 November 2023. Retrieved 3 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=UN+report%3A+80%25+of+Gaza+inhabitants+relied+on+international+aid+before+war&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F25%2Fun-report-80-per-cent-of-gaza-inhabitants-relied-on-international-aid-before-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Roy" title="Sara Roy">Sara Roy</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/the-gaza-strips-last-safety-net-is-in-danger/">'The Gaza Strip's Last Safety Net Is in Danger,'</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150811041635/http://www.thenation.com/article/the-gaza-strips-last-safety-net-is-in-danger/">Archived</a> 11 August 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Nation" title="The Nation">The Nation</a> 6 August 2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-Meron_Benvenisti-283"><a href="#cite_ref-Meron_Benvenisti_283-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeron_Benvenisti1984" class="citation book cs1">Meron Benvenisti (1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2KNtAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA">The West Bank Data Project</a>. 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Springer Science & Business Media. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5986-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-5986-5"><bdi>978-1-4020-5986-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230228175308/https://books.google.com/books?id=7rgHmpppZ-wC&pg=PA109">Archived</a> from the original on 28 February 2023. 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Accessed 7 Dec 2023. </li> <li id="cite_note-344"><a href="#cite_ref-344">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache%3A8bx1UFVnnI8J%3Awww.ijma3.org%2FAdmin%2FAdditionals%2Fsurvey_english.pdf+computer+ownership+in+Gaza+strip&hl=en&gl=nz&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShNVU9JU2TtRYX8XwHEJMjSdJUbW-w9MjDDA9B3XQS43AcovZ99O1Uk8-_ELbPVgq1zHazQyYf_zTQWvBUo-JMZCJ7kCigKF2SwRDHFHOtp8clfUynWkmrZc1x9RdVmCwvNpw7C&sig=AFQjCNGCO4cyOx0BC9fsbJiwLVf4fJXXMQ">"Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics – 2004 Survey of Computer, Internet and Mobile Phone Ownership"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511190346/http://docs.google.com/gview?a=v&q=cache%3A8bx1UFVnnI8J%3Awww.ijma3.org%2FAdmin%2FAdditionals%2Fsurvey_english.pdf+computer+ownership+in+Gaza+strip&hl=en&gl=nz&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShNVU9JU2TtRYX8XwHEJMjSdJUbW-w9MjDDA9B3XQS43AcovZ99O1Uk8-_ELbPVgq1zHazQyYf_zTQWvBUo-JMZCJ7kCigKF2SwRDHFHOtp8clfUynWkmrZc1x9RdVmCwvNpw7C&sig=AFQjCNGCO4cyOx0BC9fsbJiwLVf4fJXXMQ">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2011. 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Accessed 6 January 2024. </li> <li id="cite_note-YH04-346"><a href="#cite_ref-YH04_346-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschfeld,_Yizhar2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yizhar_Hirschfeld" title="Yizhar Hirschfeld">Hirschfeld, Yizhar</a> (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lA9VwVwoyiAC&pg=PA61">"The monasteries of Gaza: An archaeological review"</a>. In Brouria Bitton-Ashkelony; Aryeh Kofsky (eds.). Christian Gaza in Late Antiquity. Brill. pp. 61, 76–77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004138681" title="Special:BookSources/9789004138681"><bdi>9789004138681</bdi></a>. Retrieved 12 November 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+monasteries+of+Gaza%3A+An+archaeological+review&rft.btitle=Christian+Gaza+in+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=61%2C+76-77&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9789004138681&rft.au=Hirschfeld%2C+Yizhar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlA9VwVwoyiAC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-347"><a href="#cite_ref-347">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/restored-5th-century-byzantine-church-reopens-in-gaza/">Restored 5th-century Byzantine church reopens in Gaza: Mosaics depicting animals, hunting scenes, palm trees adorn floor; Hamas says project shows it's 'embracing its Christian brothers'</a>, AFP, 25 January 2022. Accessed 6 January 2024. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBregman2002" class="citation book cs1">Bregman, Ahron (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xtKuTB_SlwcC">Israel's wars: a history since 1947</a> (2nd ed.). London ; New York: <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28715-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28715-9"><bdi>978-0-415-28715-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221102101205/https://books.google.com/books?id=xtKuTB_SlwcC">Archived</a> from the original on 2 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+wars%3A+a+history+since+1947&rft.place=London+%3B+New+York&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28715-9&rft.aulast=Bregman&rft.aufirst=Ahron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxtKuTB_SlwcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCobhamKanafani2004" class="citation book cs1">Cobham, David P.; Kanafani, Noman (2004). 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Retrieved 2 November 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaza%3A+A+History&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-190-20191-3&rft.aulast=Filiu&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl_hzBAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeib2012" class="citation book cs1">Seib, Philip (2012). Seib, Philip (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7RPIAAAAQBAJ">Al Jazeera English: global news in a changing world</a>. Palgrave Macmillan series in international political communication. New York, NY: <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-34020-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-34020-6"><bdi>978-0-230-34020-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al+Jazeera+English%3A+global+news+in+a+changing+world&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.series=Palgrave+Macmillan+series+in+international+political+communication&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-230-34020-6&rft.aulast=Seib&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7RPIAAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByman2011" class="citation book cs1">Byman, Daniel (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mYppAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">A high price: the triumphs and failures of Israeli counterterrorism</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 114–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539182-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-539182-4"><bdi>978-0-19-539182-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118095443/https://books.google.com/books?id=mYppAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA114">Archived</a> from the original on 18 November 2021. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+high+price%3A+the+triumphs+and+failures+of+Israeli+counterterrorism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=114-&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-19-539182-4&rft.aulast=Byman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmYppAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPressman2003" class="citation journal cs1">Pressman, Jeremy (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/jcs/article/view/220/378">"The Second Intifada: Background and Causes of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict"</a>. Journal of Conflict Studies. 23 (2). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1715-5673">1715-5673</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101133442/https://journals.lib.unb.ca/index.php/JCS/article/view/220">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 29 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Conflict+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Second+Intifada%3A+Background+and+Causes+of+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1715-5673&rft.aulast=Pressman&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.lib.unb.ca%2Findex.php%2Fjcs%2Farticle%2Fview%2F220%2F378&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarble2003" class="citation book cs1">Varble, Derek (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P5qHCwAAQBAJ">The Suez crisis, 1956</a>. Essential histories. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Osprey_Publishing" title="Osprey Publishing">Osprey Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-418-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84176-418-4"><bdi>978-1-84176-418-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Suez+crisis%2C+1956&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=Essential+histories&rft.pub=Osprey+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-84176-418-4&rft.aulast=Varble&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP5qHCwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Gaza Strip at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Gaza" class="extiw" title="c:Gaza">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Gaza_Strip" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Gaza Strip">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip" class="extiw" title="voy:Gaza Strip">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39760" class="extiw" title="d:Q39760">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160424091544/http://atlas.pcbs.gov.ps/atlas/default.asp">Statistical Atlas of Palestine</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (archived 24 April 2016)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ochaopt.org/node/10572">"United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs - occupied Palestinian territory"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=United+Nations+Office+for+the+Coordination+of+Humanitarian+Affairs+-+occupied+Palestinian+territory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ochaopt.org%2Fnode%2F10572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalam2023" class="citation web cs1">Salam, Yasmine (9 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/gaza-strip-controls-s-know-rcna119405">"Gaza Strip explained: Who controls it and what to know"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaza+Strip+explained%3A+Who+controls+it+and+what+to+know&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft.aulast=Salam&rft.aufirst=Yasmine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fgaza-strip-controls-s-know-rcna119405&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGaza+Strip" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/gaza-strip/">Gaza Strip</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.state.gov/countries-areas/palestinian-territories/">Palestinian Territories</a> at the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gaza+Strip/@31.4102912,34.2761441,11z">Gaza Strip at Google Maps</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Palestine_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Palestine_topics" title="Template talk:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Palestine topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Palestine_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">Early history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaanites" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanites">Canaanites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Islamic Rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid Dynasty">Ayyubid Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="History of the State of Palestine">Modern history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Palestinians" title="History of the Palestinians">History of the Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Palestine" title="Slavery in Palestine">Slavery in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">British Mandate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Palestinian Declaration of Independence">Palestinian Declaration of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_the_Palestinian_territories" title="List of years in the Palestinian territories">Years in the Palestinian territories</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" class="mw-redirect" title="1947–1949 Palestine war">1947–1949 Palestine war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">1948 Palestinian exodus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon" title="Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon">Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War" title="1982 Lebanon War">First Lebanon War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Intifada" title="First Intifada">First Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008%E2%80%932009)" title="Gaza War (2008–2009)">Gaza War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Israel–Hamas war">Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Black_September" title="Black September">Black September</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dawson%27s_Field_hijackings" title="Dawson's Field hijackings">Dawson's Field hijackings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Fatah%E2%80%93Hamas_conflict" title="Fatah–Hamas conflict">Fatah–Hamas conflict</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)" title="Battle of Gaza (2007)">Battle of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hamas_political_violence_in_Gaza" title="2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza">2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;">Hamas-Salafist conflict</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)" title="Battle of Rafah (2009)">Hamas-Jund Ansar Allah clash</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Geography of the State of Palestine">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaria" title="Samaria">Northern West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Southern West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Borders_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Borders of the State of Palestine">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_Authority" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian Authority">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_Palestine" title="Governorates of Palestine">Governorates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Landforms_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Landforms of the State of Palestine">Landforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947%E2%80%931949_Palestine_war" title="List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war">Depopulated villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the State of Palestine">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Politics of the Palestinian National Authority">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="International recognition of the State of Palestine">International recognition</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of political parties in the State of Palestine">Political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine">DFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatah" title="Fatah">Fatah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Democratic_Union" title="Palestinian Democratic Union">FIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative" title="Palestinian National Initiative">Palestinian National Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_People%27s_Party" title="Palestinian People's Party">PPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine" title="Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine">PFLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Way_(Palestinian_political_party)" title="Third Way (Palestinian political party)">Third Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front" title="Palestinian Popular Struggle Front">PPSF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return" title="Palestinian right of return">Palestinian right of return</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence" title="Palestinian political violence">Palestinian political violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Palestine" title="Elections in Palestine">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Legal status of the State of Palestine">Legal status of the State of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism" title="Anti-Palestinianism">Anti-Palestinianism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Palestine" title="Government of Palestine">West Bank (SOP-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prime Minister of the State of Palestine">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="President of the State of Palestine">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council" title="Palestinian National Council">Palestinian National Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_law" title="Palestinian law">Judicial system</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip (Hamas-controlled)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Prime Minister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aziz_Dweik" title="Aziz Dweik">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_the_Propagation_of_Virtue_and_the_Prevention_of_Vice_(Gaza_Strip)" title="Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice (Gaza Strip)">Committee for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Security</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestinian National Security Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Preventive_Security" title="Palestinian Preventive Security">Palestinian Preventive Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority">United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Foreign relations of the State of Palestine">Foreign affairs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations" title="Palestine and the United Nations">Palestine and the United Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Expatriates_(State_of_Palestine)" title="Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates (State of Palestine)">Foreign Affairs Minister of the Palestinian National Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions of the State of Palestine">Diplomatic missions of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Palestine" title="List of diplomatic missions in Palestine">Diplomatic missions in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_aid_to_Palestinians" title="International aid to Palestinians">International aid to Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Economy of the State of Palestine">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Companies of the State of Palestine">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Palestine">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Communications in the State of Palestine">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exchange" title="Palestine Exchange">Stock Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Taxation in the State of Palestine">Taxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Tourism in the State of Palestine">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Transport in the State of Palestine">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Water supply and sanitation in the State of Palestine">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Monetary_Authority" title="Palestine Monetary Authority">Palestine Monetary Authority</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Society of the State of Palestine">Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Palestine" title="Culture of Palestine">culture</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_citizens_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian citizens of Israel">Palestinian citizens of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_archaeology#Archaeology_in_the_West_Bank" title="Levantine archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Palestine" title="Architecture of Palestine">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_art" title="Palestinian art">Art</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_as_a_Palestinian_symbol" title="Watermelon as a Palestinian symbol">watermelon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Palestine" title="Cinema of Palestine">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_traditional_costumes" title="Palestinian traditional costumes">Costume and embroidery</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_keffiyeh" title="Palestinian keffiyeh">keffiyeh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_cuisine" title="Palestinian cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_wine" title="Palestinian wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabke" title="Dabke">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Palestinian territories">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Education in the State of Palestine">Education</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine">universities and colleges</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Palestine" title="Flag of Palestine">Flag of Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_handicrafts" title="Palestinian handicrafts">Handicrafts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Health in the State of Palestine">Health</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Healthcare in the State of Palestine">Health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_in_Palestine" title="Mental health in Palestine">Mental healthcare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Human rights in the State of Palestine">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="LGBT rights in the State of Palestine">LGBT rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Arabic" title="Palestinian Arabic">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_literature" title="Palestinian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Palestine" title="Music of Palestine">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Palestinians" title="List of Palestinians">Personalities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Palestinian National Authority">Postage stamps and history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Prostitution in the State of Palestine">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Palestine" title="Public holidays in Palestine">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Racism in the State of Palestine">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religion in the State of Palestine">Religion</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures in the State of Palestine">Religious buildings</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sport_in_Palestine" title="History of sport in Palestine">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Football in the State of Palestine">Football</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_the_State_of_Palestine_by_city" title="Category:Mass media in the State of Palestine by city">By city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Palestinians" title="Category:Books about Palestinians">Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palestinian_journalists" title="Category:Palestinian journalists">Journalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Newspapers_published_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Newspapers published in the State of Palestine">Newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Photography_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Photography in the State of Palestine">Photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Category:Radio in the State of Palestine">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Television in the State of Palestine">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ma%27an_News_Agency" title="Ma'an News Agency">Ma'an News Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Palestine_Telegraph" title="The Palestine Telegraph">The Palestine Telegraph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine%E2%80%93Israel_Journal" title="Palestine–Israel Journal">Palestine–Israel Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Media_Watch" title="Palestinian Media Watch">Palestinian Media Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wafa" title="Wafa">Wafa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora" title="Palestinian diaspora">Diaspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Australians" title="Palestinian Australians">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Brazilian" title="Palestinian Brazilian">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Canadians" title="Palestinian Canadians">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Chile" title="Palestinians in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Egypt" title="Palestinians in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Salvadorans" title="Palestinian Salvadorans">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Haitians" title="Palestinian Haitians">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Iraq" title="Palestinians in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Jordan" title="Palestinians in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Aftermath of the Gulf War">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Lebanon" title="Palestinians in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Mexicans" title="Palestinian Mexicans">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Nicaraguan" title="Palestinian Nicaraguan">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Pakistan" title="Palestinians in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinians_in_Syria" title="Palestinians in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Palestinians" title="British Palestinians">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Americans" title="Palestinian Americans">United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestinians_in_Los_Angeles" title="History of Palestinians in Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Uruguayans" title="Palestinian Uruguayans">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Palestine" title="Islam in Palestine">Muslim Arabs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Palestinians" title="Afro-Palestinians">Afro-Palestinians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%ADs" title="Palestinian Baháʼís">Baháʼís</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druze_in_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Druze in Mandatory Palestine">Druzers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Metawalis" title="Palestinian Metawalis">Metawalis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurds_in_Palestine" title="Kurds in Palestine">Kurds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nawar_people" title="Nawar people">Gypsies (Dom/Nawar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushnak" title="Bushnak">Bushnaq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Outline of the State of Palestine">Outline</a> <a href="/wiki/Category:State_of_Palestine" title="Category:State of Palestine">Category</a> · <a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Geography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geography</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Gaza_Strip" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-style:wrap;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Whole_Gaza_Strip" title="Template:Whole Gaza Strip"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Whole_Gaza_Strip" title="Template talk:Whole Gaza Strip"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Whole_Gaza_Strip" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Whole Gaza Strip"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Gaza_Strip" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza Strip</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Gaza" title="History of Gaza">History of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hamas" title="History of Hamas">History of Hamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre" title="Khan Yunis massacre">Khan Yunis massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip">Egyptian occupation of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li>see also: <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Sinai_Peninsula" title="Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula">Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Government" title="All-Palestine Government">All-Palestine Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Gaza Subdistrict in Mandatory Palestine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_District" title="Gaza District">Gaza District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beersheba_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Beersheba Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Beersheba Subdistrict</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Sanjak" title="Jerusalem Sanjak">Jerusalem Sanjak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_during_the_Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">Destruction of cultural heritage during the Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeological_sites_destroyed_during_the_Gaza_genocide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide (page does not exist)">Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide </a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023" class="extiw" title="ar:مواقع أثرية دمرها القصف الإسرائيلي في حرب غزة 2023">ar</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;"><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Places in Mandatory Palestine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Subdistrict,_Mandatory_Palestine" title="Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine">Gaza Subdistrict, Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Territory_acquired_during_Israel%27s_war_of_independence&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Territory acquired during Israel's war of independence (page does not exist)">Territory acquired during Israel's war of independence</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Majdal_Asqalan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Majdal Asqalan (page does not exist)">Al-Majdal Asqalan</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ashkelon#State_of_Israel" title="Ashkelon">Ashkelon § State of Israel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_Suqrir" title="Arab Suqrir">Arab Suqrir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara,_Gaza" title="Barbara, Gaza">Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barqa,_Gaza" title="Barqa, Gaza">Barqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Gharbi" title="Al-Batani al-Gharbi">al-Batani al-Gharbi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Batani_al-Sharqi" title="Al-Batani al-Sharqi">al-Batani al-Sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_%27Affa" title="Bayt 'Affa">Bayt 'Affa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Daras" title="Bayt Daras">Bayt Daras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Jirja" title="Bayt Jirja">Bayt Jirja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_Tima" title="Bayt Tima">Bayt Tima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bil%27in,_Gaza" title="Bil'in, Gaza">Bil'in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burayr" title="Burayr">Burayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dayr_Sunayd" title="Dayr Sunayd">Dayr Sunayd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimra" title="Dimra">Dimra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Faluja" title="Al-Faluja">al-Faluja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamama" title="Hamama">Hamama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatta,_Gaza" title="Hatta, Gaza">Hatta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiribya" title="Hiribya">Hiribya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huj,_Gaza" title="Huj, Gaza">Huj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulayqat" title="Hulayqat">Hulayqat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibdis" title="Ibdis">Ibdis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_al-Manshiyya" title="Iraq al-Manshiyya">Iraq al-Manshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_Suwaydan" title="Iraq Suwaydan">Iraq Suwaydan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Isdud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jaladiyya" title="Al-Jaladiyya">al-Jaladiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jiyya" title="Al-Jiyya">al-Jiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julis,_Gaza" title="Julis, Gaza">Julis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jura" title="Al-Jura">al-Jura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jusayr" title="Jusayr">Jusayr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karatiyya" title="Karatiyya">Karatiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawfakha" title="Kawfakha">Kawfakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawkaba" title="Kawkaba">Kawkaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Khisas,_Gaza" title="Al-Khisas, Gaza">al-Khisas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Kabira" title="Al-Masmiyya al-Kabira">al-Masmiyya al-Kabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masmiyya_al-Saghira" title="Al-Masmiyya al-Saghira">al-Masmiyya al-Saghira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Muharraqa" title="Al-Muharraqa">al-Muharraqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Najd,_Gaza" title="Najd, Gaza">Najd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ni%27ilya" title="Ni'ilya">Ni'ilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qastina" title="Qastina">Qastina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Gharbiyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya">al-Sawafir al-Gharbiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Shamaliyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya">al-Sawafir al-Shamaliyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Sawafir_al-Sharqiyya" title="Al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya">al-Sawafir al-Sharqiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simsim,_Gaza" title="Simsim, Gaza">Simsim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summil" title="Summil">Summil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tall_al-Turmus" title="Tall al-Turmus">Tall al-Turmus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yasur,_Gaza" title="Yasur, Gaza">Yasur</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Refugee_camps" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee_camps" title="Palestinian refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati Camp">Al-Shati</a> (Beach camp)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureij" title="Bureij">Bureij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah_Camp" title="Deir al-Balah Camp">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabalia Camp">Jabalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Khan Yunis Camp">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghazi_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Maghazi (camp)">Maghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuseirat_Camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuseirat Camp">Nuseirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_Camp" title="Rafah Camp">Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada_Camp" title="Canada Camp">Canada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="List of cities in the Gaza Strip">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_Gaza_City" title="Category:Streets in Gaza City">Streets in Gaza City</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmad_Orabi_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ahmad Orabi Street (page does not exist)">Ahmad Orabi Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Izz_Ad_Din_Al_Qassam_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Izz Ad Din Al Qassam Street (page does not exist)">Izz Ad Din Al Qassam Street</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Jalla_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Jalla Street (page does not exist)">Al-Jalla Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamal_Abdel_Nasser_Street" title="Jamal Abdel Nasser Street">Jamal Abdel Nasser Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Mukhtar_Street" title="Omar Mukhtar Street">Omar Mukhtar Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Square" title="Palestine Square">Palestine Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_al-Din_Road" title="Salah al-Din Road">Salah al-Din Road</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Suq_Street&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Suq Street (page does not exist)">Suq Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unknown_Soldier%27s_Square" title="Unknown Soldier's Square">Unknown Soldier's Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehda_Street" title="Wehda Street">Wehda Street</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Neighborhoods_of_Gaza_City" title="Category:Neighborhoods of Gaza City">Gaza City neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judeide,_Gaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judeide, Gaza (page does not exist)">Judeide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasser,_Gaza" title="Nasser, Gaza">Nasser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_City,_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City, Gaza">Old City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zaytun_Quarter" title="Zaytun Quarter">Zaytun Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daraj_Quarter" title="Daraj Quarter">Daraj Quarter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rimal" title="Rimal">Rimal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabra,_Gaza" title="Sabra, Gaza">Sabra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saha" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Saha">Al-Saha (As-Saha)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Saha" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Saha">Al-Saha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_(camp)" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shati (camp)">al-Shati Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shati_refugee_camp" title="Al-Shati refugee camp">Al-Shati refugee camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ijlin" title="Sheikh Ijlin">Sheikh Ijlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Radwan" title="Sheikh Radwan">Sheikh Radwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuja%27iyya" title="Shuja'iyya">Shuja'iyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuffah" title="Tuffah">Tuffah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_al-Hawa" title="Tel al-Hawa">Tel al-Hawa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Turukman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Turukman (page does not exist)">Turukman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitoun,_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Zeitoun, Gaza">Zeitoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="List of cities in the Gaza Strip">Cities elsewhere in the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Suheila" title="Bani Suheila">Bani Suheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Lahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Beit Lahiya">Beit Lahiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the Gaza Strip">Governorates of the Gaza Strip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Governorate" title="Gaza Governorate">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Governorate" title="Khan Yunis Governorate">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Gaza_Governorate" title="North Gaza Governorate">North Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Gaza_Governorate" title="North Gaza Governorate">North Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah_Governorate" title="Deir al-Balah Governorate">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Gaza_Governorate" title="North Gaza Governorate">North Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis_Governorate" title="Khan Yunis Governorate">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_Governorate" title="Rafah Governorate">Rafah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hamam_al-Sammara" title="Hamam al-Sammara">Hamam al-Sammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Basha" title="Qasr al-Basha">Qasr al-Basha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Market" title="Gold Market">Qissariya Market</a></li> <li>Ancient <a href="/wiki/Gaza_synagogue" title="Gaza synagogue">Gaza synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeological_sites_destroyed_during_the_Gaza_genocide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide (page does not exist)">Archaeological sites destroyed during the Gaza genocide </a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B9_%D8%A3%D8%AB%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A8_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_2023" class="extiw" title="ar:مواقع أثرية دمرها القصف الإسرائيلي في حرب غزة 2023">ar</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Cemeteries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_War_Cemetery" title="Gaza War Cemetery">Gaza War Cemetery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_razing_of_cemeteries_and_necroviolence_against_Palestinians" title="Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians">Israeli razing of cemeteries and necroviolence against Palestinians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Mosques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaza City:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aybaki_Mosque" title="Aybaki Mosque">Aybaki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza (Great Omari Mosque)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marwan_Mosque" title="Ibn Marwan Mosque">Ibn Marwan Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Uthman_Mosque" title="Ibn Uthman Mosque">Ibn Uthman Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_al-Wilaya_Mosque" title="Katib al-Wilaya Mosque">Katib al-Wilaya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahkamah_Mosque" title="Mahkamah Mosque">Mahkamah Mosque</a>† <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Maqadma_Mosque_attack" title="Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque attack">Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sham%27ah_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sham'ah Mosque (page does not exist)">Sham'ah Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shaykh_Zakariyya_Mosque&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque (page does not exist)">Shaykh Zakariyya Mosque</a></li> <li>elsewhere:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Khadra_Mosque" title="Abu Khadra Mosque">Abu Khadra Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aybaki_Mosque" title="Aybaki Mosque">Aybaki Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Gaza" title="Great Mosque of Gaza">Great Mosque of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Marwan_Mosque" title="Ibn Marwan Mosque">Ibn Marwan Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Uthman_Mosque" title="Ibn Uthman Mosque">Ibn Uthman Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katib_al-Wilaya_Mosque" title="Katib al-Wilaya Mosque">Katib al-Wilaya Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayed_al-Hashim_Mosque" title="Sayed al-Hashim Mosque">Sayed al-Hashim Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shamah_Mosque" title="Al-Shamah Mosque">Al-Shamah Mosque</a>†</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Nasr_Mosque" title="Umm al-Nasr Mosque">Umm al-Nasr Mosque</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Churches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaza City:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius">Saint Porphyrius Orthodox Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Porphyrius_airstrike" title="Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike">Church of Saint Porphyrius airstrike</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family_Church,_Gaza" title="Holy Family Church, Gaza">Holy Family Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Baptist_Church" title="Gaza Baptist Church">Gaza Baptist Church</a>†</li> <li>elsewhere in the Gaza Strip:</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council" title="Palestinian Legislative Council">Palestinian Legislative Council</a> (destroyed in 2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Centre_for_Human_Rights" title="Palestinian Centre for Human Rights">Palestinian Centre for Human Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Mezan_Center_for_Human_Rights" title="Al Mezan Center for Human Rights">Al Mezan Center for Human Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Police and courts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip">Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Capital_punishment_in_Palestine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Capital punishment in Palestine (page does not exist)">Capital punishment in Palestine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faiq_al-Mabhouh" class="mw-redirect" title="Faiq al-Mabhouh">Faiq al-Mabhouh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Police_in_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Police in the Israel–Hamas war (page does not exist)">Police in the Israel–Hamas war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societal_breakdown_in_the_Gaza_Strip_during_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war">Societal breakdown in the Gaza Strip during the Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Economy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Economy of the Gaza Strip">Economy of the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxation in Palestine">Taxation in Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Education_in_Gaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Education in Gaza (page does not exist)">Education in Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=UNWRA_schools&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UNWRA schools (page does not exist)">UNWRA schools</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_schools_in_the_Gaza_Strip&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian schools in the Gaza Strip (page does not exist)">Christian schools</a></li> <li>Gaza City:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">Al-Azhar University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_University" title="Al-Aqsa University">Al-Aqsa University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deir_al-Balah_Municipality_Public_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deir al-Balah Municipality Public Library (page does not exist)">Deir al-Balah Municipality Public Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة بلدية دير البلح العامة">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaza_Municipality_Public_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaza Municipality Public Library (page does not exist)">Gaza Municipality Public Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة بلدية غزة العامة">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khan_Yunis_Municipality_Public_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khan Yunis Municipality Public Library (page does not exist)">Khan Yunis Municipality Public Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة بلدية خان يونس العامة">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rafah_Municipality_Public_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rafah Municipality Public Library (page does not exist)">Rafah Municipality Public Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A9" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة بلدية رفح العامة">ar</a>]</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Samir_Mansour_Library&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Samir Mansour Library (page does not exist)">Samir Mansour Library</a> [<a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1_(%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9)" class="extiw" title="ar:مكتبة سمير منصور (غزة)">ar</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Health care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Ministry_of_Health" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Ministry of Health">Gaza Ministry of Health</a></li> <li>Gaza City:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ahli_Arab_Hospital" title="Al-Ahli Arab Hospital">Al-Ahli Arab Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Aqsa Hospital">Al-Aqsa Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rantisi_Hospital" title="Al-Rantisi Hospital">Al-Rantisi Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Shifa_Hospital" title="Al-Shifa Hospital">Al-Shifa Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Adwan_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="Kamal Adwan Hospital">Kamal Adwan Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Awda_Hospital" title="Al-Awda Hospital">Al-Awda Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish-Palestinian_Friendship_Hospital" title="Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital">Turkish-Palestinian Friendship Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_Gaza_Strip_polio_epidemic" title="2024 Gaza Strip polio epidemic">2024 Gaza Strip polio epidemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Recreation and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Gaza City <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Museum_of_Archaeology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza Museum of Archaeology">Gaza Museum of Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bustan_resort" title="Al-Bustan resort">Al-Bustan resort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisan_City_tourist_village" title="Bisan City tourist village">Bisan City tourist village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Deira_Hotel" title="Al Deira Hotel">Al Deira Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faisal_Equestrian_Club" title="Faisal Equestrian Club">Faisal Equestrian Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Mall" title="Gaza Mall">Gaza Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Andalusia_mall" title="Al-Andalusia mall">Al-Andalusia mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Stadium" title="Palestine Stadium">Palestine Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashad_Shawa_Cultural_Center" title="Rashad Shawa Cultural Center">Rashad Shawa Cultural Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roots_Club" title="Roots Club">Roots Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Sadaka" title="As-Sadaka">As-Sadaka</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaza_YMCA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaza YMCA (page does not exist)">Gaza YMCA</a></li> <li>Gaza Strip</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Transport and trade</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yasser_Arafat_International_Airport" title="Yasser Arafat International Airport">Yasser Arafat International Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Gaza" title="Port of Gaza">Port of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza-Israel_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza-Israel barrier">Gaza-Israel barrier</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erez_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Erez crossing">Erez crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerem_Shalom_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerem Shalom crossing">Kerem Shalom crossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt-Palestine_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt-Palestine relations">Egypt-Palestine relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_crossing" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafah crossing">Rafah crossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Blockade of the Gaza Strip">Blockade of the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_smuggling_tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaza smuggling tunnels">Gaza smuggling tunnels</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Environment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Gaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Wadi Gaza">Wadi Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war" title="Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war">Environmental impact of the Israel–Hamas war</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gush_Katif" title="Gush Katif">Gush Katif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli disengagement from Gaza Strip">Israeli unilateral disengagement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip">Israeli occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip">2023 Israeli invasion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Netzarim_Corridor" title="Netzarim Corridor">Netzarim Corridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphi_Corridor" title="Philadelphi Corridor">Philadelphi Corridor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-style:wrap;;width:1%;text-style:wrap;">Visitors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Corrie" title="Rachel Corrie">Rachel Corrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Freedom_Flotilla" title="Gaza Freedom Flotilla">Gaza Freedom Flotilla</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_flotilla_raid" title="Gaza flotilla raid">Gaza flotilla raid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_Loewenstein" title="Antony Loewenstein">Antony Loewenstein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Walkley_Book_Award#The_Palestine_Laboratory" title="Walkley Book Award">Walkley Book Award #The Palestine Laboratory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Central_Kitchen_aid_convoy_attack" title="World Central Kitchen aid convoy attack">World Central Kitchen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Palestinian Christians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_clans" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian clans">Palestinian clans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Doghmush_clan" title="Doghmush clan">Doghmush clan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gaza_City" title="History of the Jews in Gaza City">History of the Jews in Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_settlers" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli settlers">Israeli settlers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip">Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_resettlement_of_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip">Proposed Israeli resettlement of the Gaza Strip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the Gaza Strip">LGBT rights in the Gaza Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al_Haq" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Haq">Al Haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Qaws" title="Al Qaws">Al Qaws</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Births</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1985</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahmed_Moor" title="Ahmed Moor">Ahmed Moor</a></li> <li>1997</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouzan_al-Najjar" class="mw-redirect" title="Rouzan al-Najjar">Rouzan al-Najjar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2003</li> <li>March</li> <li>16</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel_Corrie#Death" title="Rachel Corrie">Rachel Corrie § Death</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MV_Rachel_Corrie" title="MV Rachel Corrie">MV Rachel Corrie</a></li></ul></li> <li>2009</li> <li>January</li> <li>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeitoun_killings" title="Zeitoun killings">Zeitoun killings</a></li> <li>16</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shurrab_family" title="Shurrab family">Shurrab family</a></li> <li>2012</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Dalu_family_killing" title="Al-Dalu family killing">Al-Dalu family (12) </a></li> <li>2014</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deif_family_killings" title="Deif family killings">Deif and Al Dalu families (3 + 3) </a></li> <li>2018</li> <li>June</li> <li>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rouzan_al-Najjar" title="Killing of Rouzan al-Najjar">Killing of Rouzan al-Najjar</a></li> <li>2023</li> <li>October</li> <li>7</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Qouta_family&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Qouta family (page does not exist)">Abu Qouta family</a></li> <li>November</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_the_Bibas_family" title="Kidnapping of the Bibas family">Bibas family (unconfirmed) </a></li> <li>December</li> <li>15</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samer_Abu_Daqqa" title="Samer Abu Daqqa">Samer Abu Daqqa</a></li> <li>16</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nahida_and_Samar_Anton" title="Killing of Nahida and Samar Anton">Nahida and Samar Anton</a></li> <li>2024</li> <li>January</li> <li>29</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Hind_Rajab" title="Killing of Hind Rajab">Hind Rajab and the Hamadeh family (9) </a></li> <li>July</li> <li>3</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammad_Bhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammad Bhar">Mohammad Bhar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-style:wrap;"><div><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Gaza_Strip" title="Category:Gaza Strip">Category:Gaza Strip</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Palestinian_universities" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Universities_in_Palestine" title="Template:Universities in Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Universities_in_Palestine" title="Template talk:Universities in Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Universities_in_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Universities in Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Palestinian_universities" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_and_colleges_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of universities and colleges in the State of Palestine">Palestinian universities</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_University" title="Al-Quds University">Al-Quds University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Open_University" title="Al-Quds Open University">Al-Quds Open University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Najah_National_University" title="An-Najah National University">An-Najah National University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab_American_University_(Palestine)" title="Arab American University (Palestine)">Arab America University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_Bible_College" title="Bethlehem Bible College">Bethlehem Bible College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem_University" title="Bethlehem University">Bethlehem University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birzeit_University" title="Birzeit University">Birzeit University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron_University" title="Hebron University">Hebron University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Polytechnic_University" title="Palestine Polytechnic University">Palestine Polytechnic University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza Strip</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa_University" title="Al-Aqsa University">Al-Aqsa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_%E2%80%93_Gaza" title="Al-Azhar University – Gaza">Al-Azhar University – Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Quds_Open_University" title="Al-Quds Open University">Al-Quds Open University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israa_University_(Palestine)" title="Israa University (Palestine)">Israa University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza" title="Islamic University of Gaza">Islamic University of Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestine_Technical_College" title="Palestine Technical College">Palestine Technical College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_College_of_Applied_Sciences" title="University College of Applied Sciences">University College of Applied Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Palestine" title="University of Palestine">University of Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Middle_East" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_East_topic" title="Template:Middle East topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_East_topic" title="Template talk:Middle East topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_East_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle East topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East" title="History of the Middle East">History of the Middle East </a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 2px 0 0"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Southwest_Asia.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Middle East (Southwest Asia)"><img alt="Middle East (Southwest Asia)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Southwest_Asia.PNG/45px-Southwest_Asia.PNG" decoding="async" width="45" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Southwest_Asia.PNG/68px-Southwest_Asia.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Southwest_Asia.PNG/90px-Southwest_Asia.PNG 2x" data-file-width="762" data-file-height="524" /></a></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Bahrain" title="History of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cyprus" title="History of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Egypt" title="History of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iran" title="History of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iraq" title="History of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jordan" title="History of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Kuwait" title="History of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Lebanon" title="History of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Oman" title="History of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="History of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Gaza_Strip" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_West_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the West Bank">West Bank</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Qatar" title="History of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Syria" title="History of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Turkey" title="History of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="History of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Yemen" title="History of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Geography_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Asia_topic" title="Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Asia_topic" title="Template talk:Asia topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Asia_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Asia topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Geography_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Asia" title="Geography of Asia">Geography of Asia </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Afghanistan" title="Geography of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Armenia" title="Geography of Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Azerbaijan" title="Geography of Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bahrain" title="Geography of Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bangladesh" title="Geography of Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Bhutan" title="Geography of Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Brunei" title="Geography of Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cambodia" title="Geography of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_China" title="Geography of China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cyprus" title="Geography of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_East_Timor" title="Geography of East Timor">East Timor (Timor-Leste)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Egypt" title="Geography of Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Georgia_(country)" title="Geography of Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_India" title="Geography of India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Indonesia" title="Geography of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iran" title="Geography of Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Iraq" title="Geography of Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Israel" title="Geography of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Jordan" title="Geography of Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kazakhstan" title="Geography of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_North_Korea" title="Geography of North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Korea" title="Geography of South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kuwait" title="Geography of Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="Geography of Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Laos" title="Geography of Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Lebanon" title="Geography of Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Malaysia" title="Geography of Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Maldives" title="Geography of the Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mongolia" title="Geography of Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Myanmar" title="Geography of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Nepal" title="Geography of Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Oman" title="Geography of Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Pakistan" title="Geography of Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Philippines" title="Geography of the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Qatar" title="Geography of Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Russia" title="Geography of Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Saudi_Arabia" title="Geography of Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Singapore" title="Geography of Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Geography of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Syria" title="Geography of Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Tajikistan" title="Geography of Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Thailand" title="Geography of Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkey" title="Geography of Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Turkmenistan" title="Geography of Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="Geography of the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Uzbekistan" title="Geography of Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Vietnam" title="Geography of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Yemen" title="Geography of Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Abkhazia" title="Geography of Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Northern_Cyprus" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Geography of the State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_South_Ossetia" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Taiwan" title="Geography of Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="Geography of the British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Christmas_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Geography of the Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Hong_Kong" title="Geography of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Macau" title="Geography of Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Template talk:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries and territories of the Mediterranean Sea"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_the_Mediterranean_Sea" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries and territories of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegro" title="Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a> and other territories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibraltar" title="Gibraltar">Gibraltar</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Marginal_seas" class="mw-redirect" title="Marginal seas">Marginal seas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Sea" title="Adriatic Sea">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aegean_Sea" title="Aegean Sea">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Sea" title="Alboran Sea">Alboran Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balearic_Sea" title="Balearic Sea">Balearic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Sea" title="Ionian Sea">Ionian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sea" title="Libyan Sea">Libyan Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Sea" title="Ligurian Sea">Ligurian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Crete" title="Sea of Crete">Sea of Crete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Marmara" title="Sea of Marmara">Sea of Marmara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Sardinia" title="Sea of Sardinia">Sea of Sardinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thracian_Sea" title="Thracian Sea">Thracian Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyrrhenian_Sea" title="Tyrrhenian Sea">Tyrrhenian Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Asia" title="Template talk:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Asia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Asia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_dependencies_of_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Asia" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia">Countries and dependencies</a> of <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunei" title="Brunei">Brunei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a>1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding: 0 0.5em;"><div><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abkhazia" title="Abkhazia">Abkhazia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Island" title="Christmas Island">Christmas Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands" title="Cocos (Keeling) Islands">Cocos (Keeling) Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greece</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kastellorizo" title="Kastellorizo">Kastellorizo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia" title="Akrotiri and Dhekelia">Akrotiri and Dhekelia</a>2 (Sovereign Base Areas)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a> (<a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">British Overseas Territory</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China" title="Special administrative regions of China">Special administrative regions of China</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li>1 Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent.</li> <li>2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.</li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Asia" title="Category:Asia">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle_East" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle_East" title="Template:Middle East"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_East" title="Template talk:Middle East"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_East" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle East"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_countries_by_population" title="List of Middle Eastern countries by population">Countries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan_Region" title="Kurdistan Region">Iraqi Kurdistan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cyprus" title="Northern Cyprus">Northern Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rojava" class="mw-redirect" title="Rojava">North Syria Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria" title="Turkish occupation of northern Syria">Turkish occupation of northern Syria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemen" title="Yemen">Yemen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:Middle_East_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/70px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/105px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/140px-Middle_East_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa">Climate change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Middle_East" title="Economy of the Middle East">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_Middle_East" title="Energy in the Middle East">Energy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East" title="History of the Middle East">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Middle_Eastern_history" title="Timeline of Middle Eastern history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East" title="List of modern conflicts in the Middle East">Modern conflicts</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East" title="Human rights in the Middle East">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_politics_in_the_Middle_East" title="Water politics in the Middle East">Water politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_conflict_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Water conflict in the Middle East and North Africa">Water conflict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Middle_East" title="Demographics of the Middle East">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East" title="Ethnic groups in the Middle East">Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East" title="Genetic history of the Middle East">Genetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_metropolitan_areas_of_the_Middle_East" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Middle_East" title="Religion in the Middle East">Religion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Middle_East" title="Irreligion in the Middle East">Irreligion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Near_Eastern_archaeology" title="Near Eastern archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East" title="Cinema of the Middle East">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine" title="Middle Eastern cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_the_Middle_East" title="Etiquette in the Middle East">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music" title="Middle Eastern music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance" title="Middle Eastern dance">Dance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_studies" title="Middle Eastern studies">Studies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/29px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/38px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/19px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/29px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a> <a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39760#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39760#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39760#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="https://viaf.org/viaf/7626148574284424430001">6</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315125138">7</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/685154381061430292241">8</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1240021/">FAST</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxcYjJXvWxx8cPKR9gFrq">WorldCat</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4019325-1">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85053589">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974076h">France</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15182846p">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11974076h">BnF data</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb15182846p">2</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge134183&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX456027">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000182113&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000700921&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000052621">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000052732">Argentina</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/92e8c740-c94d-4a56-89df-6ce6c3d61aff">MusicBrainz area</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/59826">Pleiades</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" 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