Victims of the Algerian civil war still await justice

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It has been ten years to the day since TRIAL International filed a criminal complaint against the former Algerian Minister of Defense Khaled Nezzar, on 19 October 2011. It has also been a decade since a criminal investigation for war crimes was opened. 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title="Home">Home</a></li><li class="separator separator-home"> &rsaquo; </li><li class="item-cat item-custom-post-type-latest"><a class="bread-cat bread-custom-post-type-latest" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/" title="Latest">Latest</a></li><li class="separator"> &rsaquo; </li><li class="item-cat item-custom-post-type-latest"><a class="bread-cat bread-custom-post-type-latest" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/" title="News">News</a></li><li class="separator"> &rsaquo; </li><li class="item-current item-22971"><strong class="bread-current bread-22971" title="Victims of the Algerian civil war still await justice">Victims of the Algerian civil war still await justice</strong></li></ul></div></div></div> <div class="row content-row"> <div class="col-md-12 text-xs-right social-sharing"> <span class="tri-share-icon"> Share This: <i class="fa fa-share-alt" aria-hidden="true"></i> </span> <div class="hidden addthis_custom_sharing"></div> </div> <div class="the-content col-md-9"> <h1 class="latest-title orange text-uppercase nospacebelow"> Victims of the Algerian civil war still await justice </h1> <div class="sm-date orange">19.10.2021 </div> <div class="clr20"></div> <div class="latest-body"> <p><strong>Did Switzerland miss a historic opportunity to judge a potential war criminal? It has been ten years to the day since TRIAL International filed a criminal complaint against the former Algerian Minister of Defense Khaled Nezzar, on 19 October 2011. It has also been a decade since a criminal investigation for war crimes was opened. This was long enough for the accused to return to Algeria without being bothered and probably long enough to doubt that he will ever have to answer for his involvement in the many acts of torture, extrajudicial killings and enforced disappearances that took place during the “Dirty War” that tore Algeria apart between 1992 and 2002. </strong></p> <figure id="attachment_13362" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-13362" style="width: 1800px" class="wp-caption alignnone"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-13362 size-full" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/banner-nezzar-website_v2_uo.png" alt="" width="1800" height="730" srcset="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/banner-nezzar-website_v2_uo.png 1800w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/banner-nezzar-website_v2_uo-300x122.png 300w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/banner-nezzar-website_v2_uo-768x311.png 768w, https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/banner-nezzar-website_v2_uo-1024x415.png 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-13362" class="wp-caption-text">It has been about a year since the former Minister of Defence returned to Algeria and it is unlikely that he will be held accountable in a Swiss court. © AFP / Thomas Coex</figcaption></figure> <p>Will <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/khaled-nezzar/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Khaled Nezzar</a> have to face judges one day for his involvement in the Algerian civil war? Nothing is less certain, as the procedure opened in Switzerland following the criminal complaint by TRIAL International is dragging on. Since 2020, this senior officer of the Algerian army, former Minister of Defense and de facto head of the military junta that took power in 1991, is back in his country without any chance for Switzerland to obtain his extradition, and without any judicial assistance to be expected. The countless victims of the civil war – which cost the lives of 60,000 to 150,000 people and forced millions more to move – fear that unless the 83-year-old former military leader is brought to trial, he will never have to answer for the war crimes charged against him.</p> <p>The proceedings initiated in December 2011 by the Swiss Office of the Attorney General (OAG) are officially still ongoing. The legal process has lasted almost longer than the Algerian civil war itself. As time passes, it complicates the outcome of the procedure: material evidence is more difficult to access, the memory of witnesses, victims and survivors are fading and the narrative of the collective memory is evolving.</p> <p>As with other cases brought by TRIAL International, the slowness of the procedure raises important questions. Does Switzerland lack the means? The number of prosecutors in charge of international crime cases is indeed small, and the Mutual Legal Assistance, Terrorism, International Criminal Law and Cybercrime Division is not specialized enough to deal “only” with war crimes. Does Swiss foreign policy justify granting “de facto” immunity to certain defendants? It is worth recalling that the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs had warned the prosecutor in charge of the case that the Nezzar case <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/switzerland-too-slow-to-try-international-crimes-says-un/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">risked jeopardizing bilateral relations between Switzerland and Algeria</a>.</p> <p>The Nezzar case is however a rare opportunity to hear the victims and to render justice. It is also unique because no individual has ever been tried in Algeria or elsewhere for the atrocities committed during the black decade. The Federal Criminal Court had paved the way with an important landmark ruling in 2012 that rejected the immunity of former foreign leaders for international crimes, and then by <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/swiss-federal-criminal-court-judgement-in-the-nezzar-case-a-model-decision/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">recognizing in a ruling on 30 May 2018 the existence of a civil war in Algeria</a>, yet denied by Algiers. It is regrettable that the Swiss prosecuting authorities do not carry on this way.</p> <p>The part played by Switzerland in this affair could be more important than one might think. Algeria has embarked on a pacification without truth and justice. The reconciliation process is not satisfactory, especially because of the amnesties offered both to armed Islamist groups – provided they were not involved in massacres – and to state agents engaged in the fight against terrorism. By bringing Khaled Nezzar to justice, Switzerland would be affirming its commitment by recognizing the responsibilities of the perpetrators of crimes committed at the time. This is a strong signal and an outstreched hand extended to Algerians who have been waiting for justice for almost thirty years.</p> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-3 right-sidebar "> <div class="fixed-content"> <div class="subscribe"> <div class="title orange">Sign up to our newsletter </div> <form target="_blank" class="sidebar-subscribe-form form-inline" method="get" action="/newsletter"> <input type="email" name="subscribe_email" placeholder="Email" class="form-control"> <button type="submit" class="btn text-uppercase">Submit</button> </form> </div> <div class="donate"> <a class="donate-button" target="_blank" title="Donate_Lien" href="https://trialinternational.org/donate/support-us/"> Donate </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="latest-carousel-section"> <h2 class="text-xs-center text-uppercase"> <span class="title-wrap orange">Related Content</span> </h2> <div id="latest-carousel" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel"> <div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox"> <div class="carousel-item active"> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/erwin-sperisen-sentenced-on-appeal/">Erwin Sperisen sentenced on appeal</a> </h3> <small>13.09.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/guatemala/">Guatemala</a> </div> <div class="summary"> (Geneva, 12 september 2024) - 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[...] They... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/victims-voices-a-setback-for-the-fight-against-impunity/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/victims-voices-a-setback-for-the-fight-against-impunity/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/CASES-FEATURE_Nezzar-V3-1024x415.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/shining-verdict-in-the-kokodikoko-case-drc/">Shining verdict in the Kokodikoko case (DRC)</a> </h3> <small>05.06.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> Three former militiamen, including the infamous warlord Kokodikoko, have been condemned for crimes against humanity. The... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/shining-verdict-in-the-kokodikoko-case-drc/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/shining-verdict-in-the-kokodikoko-case-drc/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/Procès-Kokodikoko-cTRIAL-InternationaAmani-featured.jpg" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rdc-kasai-des-responsables-politiques-et-militaires-juges-pour-crimes-de-guerre-et-crimes-contre-lhumanite/">DRC - Kasai: Political and Military Leaders Standing Trial For War Crimes And Crimes Ag...</a> </h3> <small>21.05.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/democratic-republic-of-the-congo/">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a> </div> <div class="summary"> On May 20, the trial of a dozen militiamen, local politicians and representatives of the Congolese security forces for w... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rdc-kasai-des-responsables-politiques-et-militaires-juges-pour-crimes-de-guerre-et-crimes-contre-lhumanite/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rdc-kasai-des-responsables-politiques-et-militaires-juges-pour-crimes-de-guerre-et-crimes-contre-lhumanite/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/EN_Kamonia_map_featured-CP-1024x1024.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/republika-srpska-to-include-war-torture-victims-in-medical-rehabilitation-efforts/">Republika Srpska to Include War Torture Victims in Medical Rehabilitation Efforts</a> </h3> <small>14.03.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/bosnia-herzegovina/">Bosnia & Herzegovina</a> </div> <div class="summary"> TRIAL International, alongside Foundation United Women and Foundation Lara, welcomes the Government of Republika Srpska'... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/republika-srpska-to-include-war-torture-victims-in-medical-rehabilitation-efforts/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/republika-srpska-to-include-war-torture-victims-in-medical-rehabilitation-efforts/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/RS_visuel-1024x415.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="carousel-item "> <div class="container container-1200"> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news-releases/">News releases</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/former-syrian-vice-president-rifaat-al-assad-will-stand-trial-in-switzerland-on-charges-of-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity/">Former Syrian Vice President Rifaat al-Assad will stand trial in Switzerland on charges...</a> </h3> <small>12.03.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/syria/">Syria</a> </div> <div class="summary"> (Geneva, 12 March 2024) – Former Syrian Vice-President Rifaat al-Assad will stand trial in Switzerland for war crimes an... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/former-syrian-vice-president-rifaat-al-assad-will-stand-trial-in-switzerland-on-charges-of-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/former-syrian-vice-president-rifaat-al-assad-will-stand-trial-in-switzerland-on-charges-of-war-crimes-and-crimes-against-humanity/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Rifaat_al-Assad_commander_of_the_Defense_Corps_in_the_1980s-1024x549.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rifaat-al-assad-case/">Rifaat Al-Assad case</a> </h3> <small>23.02.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/syria/">Syria</a> </div> <div class="summary"> Rifaat Al-Assad is a career military man and a Syrian politician. He is the younger brother of the former president of S... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rifaat-al-assad-case/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/rifaat-al-assad-case/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/249335_105229582899626_2079101_n.jpg" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/human-rights-and-justice-centre-facilitating-justice-for-victims-and-survivors-of-nepals-civil-war/">Human Rights and Justice Centre: Facilitating justice for victims and survivors of Nepa...</a> </h3> <small>13.02.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/nepal/">Nepal</a> </div> <div class="summary"> The 13th February marks the 28th anniversary of the beginning of the civil war in Nepal which lasted 10 years. However... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/human-rights-and-justice-centre-facilitating-justice-for-victims-and-survivors-of-nepals-civil-war/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/human-rights-and-justice-centre-facilitating-justice-for-victims-and-survivors-of-nepals-civil-war/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/Nepal_HRJC_launch-0192_©Robic-Upadhayay-TRIAL-International-1024x595.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> <div class="col-md-6 col-lg-3 slider-item"> <div class="text-uppercase text-xs-right"> <a class="tag" href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">News</a> </div> <div class="title"> <h3><a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/burundi-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-once-again-condemns-burundi-over-a-case-of-extrajudicial-execution/">Burundi: The African Commission on Human and Peoples' rights once again condemns Burund...</a> </h3> <small>09.01.2024</small> </div> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="country"> <img width="20" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/images/icons/globe.svg" alt="Globe" /> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/countries-post/burundi/">Burundi</a> </div> <div class="summary"> In its decision in the case of the Family of the late Jackson Ndikuriyo v. Burundi, the African Commission on Human... <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/burundi-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-once-again-condemns-burundi-over-a-case-of-extrajudicial-execution/"><i class="fa fa-arrow-right"></i></a> </div> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/burundi-the-african-commission-on-human-and-peoples-rights-once-again-condemns-burundi-over-a-case-of-extrajudicial-execution/"><img src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/SeI_leI_ction-Trial-6_Burundi_A©Landry-Nshimiye-1-1024x415.png" alt="Featured Image" class="img-fluid" /></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container arrows-container"> <a class="arrow-left" href="#latest-carousel" role="button" data-slide="prev"> <i class="slide-prev fa fa-chevron-left"></i> </a> <a class="arrow-right" href="#latest-carousel" role="button" data-slide="next"> <i class="slide-next fa fa-chevron-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="container container-1200 text-uppercase text-xs-center view-all"> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/latest/news/">View All</a> </div> </div> <form name="txt_download_form" id="txt_download_form" target="_blank" action="https://trialinternational.org/latest-post/victims-of-the-algerian-civil-war-still-await-justice/" method="post"> <input name="filename" type="hidden" value="victims-of-the-algerian-civil-war-still-await-justice" /> <input name="html_content" id="html_content" type="hidden" value="" /> </form> </main><footer id="footer" class="footer"> <div class="container"> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3 address orange"> <p>TRIAL International<br /> Rue de Lyon 95<br /> 1203 Geneva<br /> Switzerland </p> <p>t: +41 22 321 61 10<br /> e: info@trialinternational.org<br /> trialinternational.org</p> <p>IBAN: CH85 0900 0000 1716 2954 3</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 subscribe"> <div class="title orange">Stay up to date </div> <div class="text"> <p>Subscribe to our monthly newsletter on TRIAL International’s activities and the latest developments in international justice.</p> </div> <form class="footer-subscribe-form form-inline" method="get" action="/newsletter"> <input type="email" name="subscribe_email" placeholder="Enter your email" class="form-control"> <button type="submit" class="btn text-uppercase">Submit</button> </form> </div> <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-3 stay-connected text-md-right"> <div class="title orange">Stay connected </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//twitter.com/Trial" target="_blank">Twitter <i class="fa fa-twitter"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//linkedin.com/company/trial-international" target="_blank">Linkedin <i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="//facebook.com/trial.org" target="_blank">Facebook <i class="fa fa-facebook"></i></a> </div> <div class="social"> <a href="https://trialinternational.org/feed/" target="_blank">RSS Feed <i class="fa fa-rss"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </footer> <div id="sea-bed" class="sea-bed container"> <span>©2024 trialinternational.org</span> | <span>All rights reserved</span> | <span><a href="https://trialinternational.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></span> | <span><a href="https://trialinternational.org/statutes/">Statutes</a></span> | <span class="acw"><a target="_blank" href="http://acw.uk.com">Designed and Produced by ACW</a></span> </div> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/tether-1.3.1/js/tether.min.js?ver=20160422" id="tri-tether-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/bootstrapv4.0.0-alpha.2/js/bootstrap.min.js?ver=20160421" id="tri-bootstrap-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/js/tri-header.js?ver=20160421" id="tri-header-js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://trialinternational.org/wp-content/themes/tri/assets/js/tri.js?ver=1728284652" id="tri-js-js"></script>  <div id="cookie-notice" role="dialog" class="cookie-notice-hidden cookie-revoke-hidden cn-position-bottom" aria-label="Cookie Notice" style="background-color: rgba(50,50,58,1);"><div class="cookie-notice-container" style="color: #fff"><span id="cn-notice-text" class="cn-text-container">We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best browsing experience on our website. 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Victims of the Algerian civil war still await justice - TRIAL International