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<li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Repression" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Repression"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Repression</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Repression-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Organization</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Organization subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-13_Point_Program_of_the_Young_Lords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#13_Point_Program_of_the_Young_Lords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>13 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #800080; border-bottom:2px solid #800080; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Young Lords</div> </div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Young_Lords_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8f/Young_Lords_logo.png/180px-Young_Lords_logo.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8f/Young_Lords_logo.png 1.5x" data-file-width="220" data-file-height="238" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname" style="line-height:1.3em;">YLO/YLP</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Jose_%22Cha-Cha%22_Jimenez" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose "Cha-Cha" Jimenez">Jose "Cha-Cha" Jimenez</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">September 23, 1968<span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1968-09-23</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">1976<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Split from</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_Puertorrique%C3%B1a" title="Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña">Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Succeeded by</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ej%C3%A9rcito_Popular_Boricua" class="mw-redirect" title="Ejército Popular Boricua">Ejército Popular Boricua</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies" title="List of political ideologies">Ideology</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxism–Leninism</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independence_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Independence movement in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican independence</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_socialism" title="Revolutionary socialism">Revolutionary socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Political_spectrum" title="Political spectrum">Political position</a></th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Far-left_politics" title="Far-left politics">Far-left</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Black, gold and purple</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em;">Slogan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">"<i>Tengo Puerto Rico en mi corazon</i>"<br />("I have Puerto Rico in my heart")</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-top:0.3em; border-top:2px solid #800080;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">Political parties</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prenmicorazon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prenmicorazon.jpg/220px-Prenmicorazon.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Prenmicorazon.jpg/330px-Prenmicorazon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/70/Prenmicorazon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="276" /></a><figcaption>Young Lords logo on a building wall, December 27, 2003</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Young Lords</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Street_gang" class="mw-redirect" title="Street gang">street gang</a> that became a <a href="/wiki/Civil_and_political_rights" title="Civil and political rights">civil rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a> organization.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The group, most active in the late 1960s and 1970s, aimed to fight for neighborhood empowerment and self-determination for <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, Latino, and colonized ("Third World") people.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tactics used by the Young Lords include <a href="/wiki/Mass_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Mass education">mass education</a>, canvassing, community programs, <a href="/wiki/Occupation_(protest)" title="Occupation (protest)">occupations</a>, and direct confrontation. The Young Lords became targets of the United States <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/COINTELPRO" title="COINTELPRO">COINTELPRO</a> program.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In party platform points, the Young Lords may spell "American" as "amerikkkan" or "<a href="/wiki/Amerikkka" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerikkka">Amerikkkan</a>"—expressing, among other things, opposition to U.S. military presence in <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The platform follows the mission clearly, stating: "We demand immediate withdrawal of U.S. military forces and bases from Puerto Rico, Vietnam, and all oppressed communities inside and outside the U.S. No Puerto Rican should serve in the U.S. Army against his brothers and sisters, for the only true army of oppressed people is the people's army to fight all rulers."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Young Lords started in 1960 in Chicago's Lincoln Park neighborhood as a Puerto Rican turf gang. On Grito de Lares, September 23, 1968, <a href="/wiki/Jose_Cha_Cha_Jimenez" title="Jose Cha Cha Jimenez">Jose Cha Cha Jimenez</a> reorganized them and formed the Young Lords as a national political and civil rights movement. The new community-wide movement then spread to nearly 30 cities, including three branches in New York, which at the time served as the entry point for 90% of Puerto Ricans. In addition, the Young Lords began operating free programs for the community. In addition to their support for Puerto Ricos' independence, all Latino nations, and oppressed nations of the world, the Young Lords also supported neighborhood empowerment. The radical movement of the Young Lords modeled themselves after the Black Panther Party, calling for a vanguard of revolutionary minority parties coming together that felt oppressed by a system that wasn’t designed to be of assistance to minorities.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Young Lords' focus remains self-determination for Puerto Rico, other Latino and Third World countries, and for neighborhood-controlled development.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The movement expanded from Chicago to include a broader audience and chapters in 30 cities, including three branches in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the port of entry for the majority of Puerto Rican migrants. </p><p>During Mayor Daley's tenure in Chicago, a program of urban renewal resulted in Puerto Ricans in <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Park,_Chicago" title="Lincoln Park, Chicago">Lincoln Park</a> and several Mexican communities being evicted from what became prime real estate areas near the Loop, Lakefront, <a href="/wiki/Old_Town,_Chicago" title="Old Town, Chicago">Old Town</a>, and Lakeview neighborhoods. The rationale was to increase property tax revenues by luring White, middle-class suburbanites and creating a suburb within the city. Some Young Lords were involved in the Puerto Rican June 1966 <a href="/wiki/Division_Street_Riots" class="mw-redirect" title="Division Street Riots">Division Street Riots</a> in Wicker Park and Humboldt Park.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/1968_Democratic_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="1968 Democratic Convention">1968 Democratic Convention</a> protests in Grant Park and the adjacent Lincoln Park Neighborhood, resulted in the Young Lords, under the leadership of founder <a href="/wiki/Jose_Cha_Cha_Jimenez" title="Jose Cha Cha Jimenez">José Cha Cha Jiménez</a>, to join with others to form a broader civil and human rights movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Puerto Rican self-determination and the displacement of Puerto Ricans and poor residents became the primary issues of organizing. The Young Lords organization also began to train students and youth to take on the leadership to organize the Latino community on a national level.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Multiple chapters formed nationwide based on the original Chicago chapter, including several branches in New York City and along the East Coast. The National Headquarters in Chicago asked the loose coalition of chapters in New York to unite as a single regional branch. All chapters considered neighborhood empowerment and Puerto Rican self-determination as unifying missions.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2009_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2009-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Great Migrations of the late 1940s resulted in many Puerto Ricans coming to the mainland for opportunity and settling in the Midwest, Florida, and on the East Coast of the United States. Chicago, one of the most populated centers of the Puerto Rican diaspora, took on a significant role as a regional headquarters of the movement.<sup id="cite_ref-Morales_2020_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morales_2020-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The office in Chicago attempted to construct a nationwide grassroots movement within the U.S. barrios to unite Puerto Ricans with other Latinos and carry out its mission for Puerto Rican independence. The New York City regional chapter formed July 26, 1969, ten months after the Young Lords Movement began in Chicago. The National Headquarters in Chicago had gained national prominence by leading protests against conditions faced by Puerto Ricans in the U.S. Because most members in New York were students with a middle-class income, who were media-savvy, the New York chapter flourished. It provided needed support for the National Headquarters then under surveillance by the F.B.I. and the Chicago city government.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The National Headquarters' first action was to ransack and close the Department of Urban Renewal office in Chicago. The Young Lords attended an Urban Renewal meeting and told the panel of the local neighborhood association that no more meetings would be permitted in Lincoln Park until people of color were included on the Urban Renewal Board.<sup id="cite_ref-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 27, 1969, the chapter office in New York City mounted a "Garbage Offensive" to commemorate the 1968 Sanitation Strike and to protest the substandard garbage collection service in East Harlem. The event also promoted the opening of the Young Lords' New York City office. The offensives targeted local city services and were aligned with the National Headquarters mission to develop neighborhood empowerment. In Chicago, the Young Lords occupied local institutions in the Lincoln Park neighborhood to support low-income housing for working families. </p><p>The New York members had first read about the Chicago Young Lords in an issue of the <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther</a> newspaper. It reported actions for Puerto Rican and Latino self-determination and publicized the increasing repression of Jose "Cha Cha" Jimenez and the Chicago National Headquarters. The New York office followed the actions of the People's Church in Chicago and took over the First Spanish United Methodist Church in <a href="/wiki/East_Harlem" title="East Harlem">East Harlem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lee2009_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee2009-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 100 members were arrested in the two-week takeover. National Headquarters members encouraged the New York members not to resist arrests, in order to avoid bloodshed. </p><p>The New York occupation of First Spanish United Methodist Church in East Harlem took place on December 28, 1969, after several similar actions in Chicago: the sit-in at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grant_Hospital&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grant Hospital (page does not exist)">Grant Hospital</a>, the take-over of People's Park, the occupation of <a href="/wiki/McCormick_Seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="McCormick Seminary">McCormick Seminary</a>, and the occupation of Chicago's People's Church (Armitage Avenue United Methodist Church). In several cities, the Young Lords set up free community programs, such as breakfast and classes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> United Methodist Pastor <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Johnson_(minister)" title="Bruce Johnson (minister)">Rev. Bruce Johnson</a>, of the North Side Cooperative Ministry, worked to obtain funds to support the Young Lords programs. Rev. Sergio Herrera, a Cuban assistant pastor of the Young Lords People's Church in Chicago, did not initially agree with their occupation of the church, nor of their murals of <a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Albizu_Campos" title="Pedro Albizu Campos">Pedro Albizu Campos</a>. Later he participated in all the neighborhood events. </p><p>Occupying the <a href="/wiki/Armitage_Avenue" title="Armitage Avenue">Armitage Avenue</a> United Methodist Church in May 1969, the Young Lords set up programs inside what they called the People's Church. The building remained a church but also served as the Young Lords National Headquarters for nearly two years. UMC Bishop Pryor was pressured to oust the two UMC ministers and the Young Lords from the People's Church by Alderman George Barr McCutcheon and members of the Lincoln Park Conservation Association. The Court fined the People's Church $200 each day the free daycare center remained open.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>On September 29, 1969, the church's pastor and his wife, Reverend Bruce and Eugenia Ransier Johnson, were stabbed to death, killed in their home. The case remains open and has yet to be solved. The assistant Pastor, Rev. Sergio Herrera, was transferred soon afterward to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, where he was also murdered. The murders occurred while the two ministers were working with the Young Lords in those cities. That is also a cold case. </p><p>Hampton had created an alliance with the Young Lords via the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Coalition_(Fred_Hampton)" title="Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton)">Rainbow Coalition</a>. Two months later, Chicago police killed <a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panthers</a> <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Fred Hampton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mark_Clark_(activist)" title="Mark Clark (activist)">Mark Clark</a> in a raid on Hampton's apartment, on December 4, 1969. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion">Expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Puerto Rican nation's diaspora has been divided and has created multiple neighborhoods or barrios in Florida, along the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast of the United States</a>, New York City and Chicago. These Puerto Rican mainland communities developed across the U.S. during Operation Bootstrap which gave way to the Great Puerto Rican Migration of the late 1940s and early 1950s. In 1968, branches of the Young Lords sprouted up in Chicago, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connecticut" title="Connecticut">Connecticut</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hayward,_California" title="Hayward, California">Hayward (California)</a>, <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>. </p><p>The organizations' newspapers, <i>The Young Lord</i>, <i>Pitirre</i>, and <i>Pa'lante</i>, reported the increasingly militant activities of the Young Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Over 120 publicly accessible oral histories, "Young Lords in Lincoln Park" are curated at Grand Valley State University in Michigan. </p><p>Besides the coalition with the National Black Panther Party Office in Oakland and the Black Panthers in Chicago, integrated into by the <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Coalition_(Fred_Hampton)" title="Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton)">Rainbow Coalition</a> of <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hampton" title="Fred Hampton">Fred Hampton</a>, the Young Lords also participated in coalitions with groups of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement, Northside Cooperative Ministry and the Lincoln Park Poor People's Coalition. </p><p>The Young Lords grew into a national movement under the leadership of Jose Cha Cha Jimenez which also included Angela Lind Adorno, Alberto Chavarria, Marta Chavarria, <a href="/wiki/Andres_Nunez" class="mw-redirect" title="Andres Nunez">Andres Nunez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Diaz" class="mw-redirect" title="Edwin Diaz">Edwin Diaz</a>, Jose (Cosmoe) Torres, Eddie Ramirez, Raul Lugo, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonzalez_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Gonzalez (journalist)">Juan Gonzalez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Luciano" title="Felipe Luciano">Felipe Luciano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iris_Morales" title="Iris Morales">Iris Morales</a>, Judy Cordero, <a href="/wiki/Denise_Oliver-Velez" title="Denise Oliver-Velez">Denise Oliver</a>, Pablo Yoruba Guzman, Hilda Ignatin, <a href="/wiki/Maria_Romero" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria Romero">Maria Romero</a>, <a href="/wiki/Omar_R._Lopez" title="Omar R. Lopez">Omar Lopez</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Rivera" title="David Rivera">David Rivera</a>, Tony Baez, <a href="/wiki/Richie_Perez" class="mw-redirect" title="Richie Perez">Richie Perez</a>, and Juan Fi Ortiz. </p><p>By May 1970 due to infiltration by the local Red Squad, the Gang Intelligence Unit, Chicago Patronage Machine and COINTELPRO, the New York regional office broke away from the Young Lords National Headquarters and formed the short lived Young Lords Party. The separation also resulted from rapid development, growing pains, and a friendly competition between U.S. cities. The infiltration and divisions created conflict between the chapters and division of the Puerto Rican Independence Movement. Branches on the east coast were forced to remain affiliated with the New York regional office. Most other chapters remained loyal to the Chicago National Headquarters. The separation was a major blow to the liberation movement in the U.S. The separation occurred in other movements such as the Black Panthers, Students for a Democratic Society, The Young Patriots and the American Indian Movement, as revealed in COINTELPRO documents.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Women in the Young Lords participated in community organizing and wrote newspaper articles against sexism and patriarchy including the "Young Lords Party Position Paper on Women", published in 1970, and included in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Lords:_A_Reader" title="The Young Lords: A Reader">The Young Lords: A Reader</a></i> (2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer. </p><p>The Young Lords in New York and Chicago continued to grow in numbers and influence from 1968 to 1983. Jose Cha Cha Jimenez introduced the newly elected African American mayor of Chicago, Harold Washington, to a June crowd of 100,000 Puerto Ricans that the Young Lords helped organize in <a href="/wiki/Humboldt_Park,_Chicago" title="Humboldt Park, Chicago">Humboldt Park, Chicago</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Repression">Repression</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Repression"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Young Lords were a target of the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/COINTELPRO" title="COINTELPRO">COINTELPRO</a> program that targeted Puerto Rican independence groups.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New York-Chicago schism mirrored the divisions within other <a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a> groups including the Black Panther Party, <a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brown_Berets" title="Brown Berets">Brown Berets</a>, often as a result of COINTELPRO activities of police infiltration by informants and provocateurs. The Young Lords leaders were framed and discredited by both Mayor Richard J. Daley forces and the FBI. The entire Chicago leadership of the Young Lords was forced underground to reorganize and avoid complete destruction. COINTELPRO tactics used against the movements such as the Young Lords included rumor campaigns and pitting groups against each other to create factionalism, distrust, and personality conflicts. In Chicago, COINTELPRO created an anti-Rainbow Coalition component. The <a href="/wiki/Red_Squad" title="Red Squad">Red Squad</a> also monitored the Young Lords National Headquarters 24 hours a day. Jose Cha Cha Jimenez became a main police target and was indicted 18 times in a six-week period on felony charges including assault and battery on police and creating a mob action. The intent of the police action was to cripple the organization. While the Young Lords advocated armed strategies similar to those advocated by the Black Panthers, the basis was as a right to self-defense. Such self defense was advocated after the shooting of Manuel Ramos, the suspected police involvement in the death of José (Pancho) Lind, the alleged suicide of Julio Roldan while in the custody of the <a href="/wiki/NYPD" class="mw-redirect" title="NYPD">New York Police Department</a>, the fatal stabbings in Chicago of the United Methodist Church Rev. Bruce Johnson and his wife Eugenia, and the murder of Assistant Pastor Sergio Herrera shortly after his transfer to Los Angeles. The Young Lords accused the FBI CointelPro of a conspiracy to murder Young Lords and Black Panthers.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Young Lords worked in their communities to provide resources, similar to actions of the Brown Berets and the Black Panther Party. A goal was to raise awareness of the oppression and educate on the history and struggle of the Puerto Ricans. <i>The Young Lords: A Reader</i> (2010), edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer details the purpose, goals, and tactics of the Young Lords New York chapter. He wrote, "Puerto Ricans have suffered as a group, racially and culturally, not as individuals. Therefore the fight against amerikkkanism must be a group struggle."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enck-Wanzer's book details that every Puerto Rican has suffered and felt the pain of their fellow Puerto Rican brothers, sisters, friends, and relatives. His book argues that Puerto Ricans must fight for their nation against American colonialism by organizing and educating in the barrios and raise awareness of the repression since the creation of the Young Lords as a movement in the Lincoln Park neighborhood. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By 1973, the Young Lords and its leadership were in disarray. Jose Cha Cha Jimenez along with many central committee members set up an underground training school at a farm near Tomah, Wisconsin. Some members continued independent efforts around self-determination for Puerto Rico and neighborhood empowerment. In Chicago, the Young Lords resurfaced after two and a half years. The New York Young Lords and other chapters also continued to function. </p><p>After Jimenez served a year in prison, in 1975 he ran for alderman of the 46th Ward against Mayor Daley's machine candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He garnered 39% of the vote against the Democratic candidate, Chris Cohen. The election re-energized the symbolic Rainbow Coalition formed by Black Panthers, Young Patriots, Young Lords and other groups and communities. </p><p>In 1983, the Young Lords organized the first major Latino event for the successful campaign of Chicago's first African-American mayor, <a href="/wiki/Harold_Washington" title="Harold Washington">Harold Washington</a>. After Washington's victory, Jiménez introduced the mayor to a crowd of 100,000 Puerto Ricans in Humboldt Park in June 1983 where the Young Lords distributed 30,000 buttons inscribed with "Tengo Puerto Rico En Mi Corazon." In the fall of 1995, Jose Cha Cha Jimenez brought together Chicago Young Lords' Tony Baez, Carlos Flores, Angel Del Rivero, Omar López and Angie Lind Adorno to form the Lincoln Park Project to collect the history of the Young Lords movement. They curated the history and documented the displaced Latinos of the Lincoln Park Neighborhood. In support of the Puerto Rican <a href="/wiki/Vieques" class="mw-redirect" title="Vieques">Vieques</a> campers, the struggle for Puerto Rican independence, and against the displacement of Puerto Ricans in the Diaspora, the Young Lords organized the Lincoln Park Camp near Grand Rapids, Michigan, on September 23, 2002. </p><p>The Young Lords supported freed Puerto Rican nationalist leaders and urban <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerrilla">guerrilla</a> groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Macheteros" class="mw-redirect" title="Macheteros">Macheteros</a>. Other Young Lords members joined <a href="/wiki/Maoist" class="mw-redirect" title="Maoist">Maoist</a> formations such as the Puerto Rican Revolutionary Workers Party or provided the leadership of the National Congress for Puerto Rican Rights (NCPRR). Some Young Lords worked in the media, such as <a href="/wiki/Juan_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(journalist)" title="Juan González (journalist)">Juan González</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Now!" title="Democracy Now!">Democracy Now!</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Guzm%C3%A1n_(reporter)" title="Pablo Guzmán (reporter)">Pablo "Yoruba" Guzmán</a> at WCBS-TV New York, <a href="/wiki/Felipe_Luciano" title="Felipe Luciano">Felipe Luciano</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miguel_Melendez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miguel Melendez (page does not exist)">Miguel "Mickey" Meléndez</a> of <a href="/wiki/WBAI" title="WBAI">WBAI</a>-FM New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Organization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="13_Point_Program_of_the_Young_Lords">13 Point Program of the Young Lords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 13 Point Program of the Young Lords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The National Headquarters Young Lords' mission called for self determination for Puerto Rico, all Latino nations, all oppressed nations of the world, and for barrio empowerment. The Young Lords also created a 10-point program modeled after the Black Panthers 10 point program. The New York office created a 13-point program after they split from Chicago National Headquarters as follows: </p> <ol><li>We want self-determination for Puerto Ricans—Liberation on the island and inside the United States.</li> <li>We want self-determination for all Latinos.</li> <li>We want liberation for all third world people.</li> <li>We are revolutionary nationalists and oppose racism.</li> <li>We want community control of our institutions and land.</li> <li>We want true education of our creole culture.</li> <li>We oppose capitalists and alliances with traitors.</li> <li>We oppose the amerikkkan military.</li> <li>We want freedom for all political prisoners.</li> <li>We want equality for women. Machismo must be revolutionary ... not oppressive.</li> <li>We fight anti-Communism with international unity.</li> <li>We believe armed self-defense and armed struggle are the only means to liberation.</li> <li>We want a socialist society.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>In November 1970, that platform was revised. The revised 5th point called for women's equality and opposed male chauvinism. The revised 6th point focused on community control of institutions and land. The revised 7th point demanded education of the Afro-Indio culture and the Spanish language. The revised 10th point called for freedom for political prisoners. The revised 11th point focused on the group's internationalist perspective. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_action">Social action</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Social action"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Young Lords' mission supported self determination for Puerto Rico, Latino nations, all oppressed nations, and also supported neighborhood empowerment. The mission is reflected in the Young Lords logo of a map of Puerto Rico, a brown fist holding a rifle, and the words "Tengo Puerto Rico en mi Corazon" ("I have Puerto Rico in my heart"). The Young Lords envisioned themselves as the vanguard of a people's struggle as they initially fought against the displacement of Puerto Ricans from Lincoln Park. </p><p>In New York, the Young Lords followed the lead of Chicago related to city services with the "Garbage Offensive" as a preliminary action. Organizers spent weeks cleaning up garbage in Puerto Rican communities. In need of additional cleaning supplies, they asked the New York City Department of Sanitation for assistance and were refused. Disgruntled, the Young Lords blocked 3rd Avenue traffic at 110th, 111th, and 112th Street.<sup id="cite_ref-Enck-Wanzer_2010_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enck-Wanzer_2010-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original urban renewal campaign was framed by the Chicago office as the modern day land question inspired by Emiliano Zapata who said, "all revolutions are based on land." </p><p>The Young Lords created community projects similar to those of the Black Panthers, yet centralized around Latinos. The programs included free breakfast for children, the Emeterio Betances free health clinic, community testing for <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lead_poisoning" title="Lead poisoning">lead-poisoning</a>, free clothing drives, cultural events, and Puerto Rican history classes. In Chicago, the Young Lords set up a free dental clinic and community day care center and worked on solidarity for incarcerated Puerto Ricans and the rights of <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> veterans. The New York female leadership advocated for women's rights. In Chicago, women advocacy was led by Hilda Ignatin, Judy Cordero and Angela Adorno, in a subgroup known as Mothers And Others, that also helped to educate the male members and the community at large. </p><p>The Young Lords carried out many direct-action occupations of vacant land, hospitals, churches and other institutions to demand programs for the poor. The direct actions included a campaign to force New York City to increase garbage pick-up in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Harlem" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Harlem">Spanish Harlem</a>, and in Chicago the seven-day <a href="/wiki/McCormick_Theological_Seminary" title="McCormick Theological Seminary">McCormick Theological Seminary</a> take-over that won Lincoln Park residents $650,000 for low-income housing, and the four-month People's Park camp-out/take-over at Halsted and Armitage Avenue by 350 community residents that prevented the construction of a for-profit tennis court on land used for low incoming housing. In New York, the local health-care activism was carried out with the Health Revolutionary Unity Movement. In Chicago, the Young Lords' health program was coordinated by Jack Johns, <a href="/wiki/Quentin_Young" title="Quentin Young">Quentin Young</a>, Ana Lucas, and Alberto and Marta Chavarria who also worked with a Black Panther-led coalition to recruit medical-student organizations like the <a href="/wiki/Medical_Committee_for_Human_Rights" title="Medical Committee for Human Rights">Medical Committee for Human Rights</a> (MCHR) to advocate for health care for the poor. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Women">Women</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Women"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Young_Lords" title="Women of the Young Lords">Women of the Young Lords</a></div> <p>In their position paper, the Young Lords asserted that colonized women (Puerto Ricans, blacks, "Third World") were oppressed within society and their homes due to their sex, race/ethnicity, nationality and class.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, activism among these women was understood as "the revolution within the revolution." The Young Lords recognized that "Third World women have an integral role to play in the liberation of all oppressed people."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultural_influence">Cultural influence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Cultural influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Nuyorican_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuyorican Movement">Nuyorican Movement</a></div> <p>The Young Lords inspired young community leaders, professionals, and artists, forming part of a Puerto Rican cultural renaissance in the 1970s. In New York City, the renaissance was called the <a href="/wiki/Nuyorican_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuyorican Movement">Nuyorican Movement</a> and became a nationwide development including <a href="/wiki/Poetry" title="Poetry">poetry</a> and music. Felipe Luciano, a poet in Harlem's black nationalist circles, became the Deputy Chairman of the New York regional chapter.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was expelled for male chauvinism and opportunism by the Young Lords Party, though the Young Lords National Headquarters never recognized the expulsion. His poems written while a member of <a href="/wiki/The_Last_Poets" title="The Last Poets">The Last Poets</a>, including <i>Jíbaro</i>, <i>Un Rifle Oración</i> and <i>Hey Now</i>. The poet <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pietri" title="Pedro Pietri">Pedro Pietri</a> wrote and recited his poems "Puerto Rican Obituary" and "Suicide Note of a Cockroach in a Low Income Project" at New York Young Lord events.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alfredo Matias wrote poems about Afro-Boricua pride and David Hernández recited <i>La Armitage</i> about the Chicago street that became the downtown for Puerto Ricans and the Young Lords. The song "Qué Bonita Bandera" ("What a Beautiful Flag") was written by Pepe y Flora in Puerto Rico and adopted by the Young Lords as their anthem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Remembrance">Remembrance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Remembrance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The documentary <i>Palante, Siempre Palante! The Young Lords</i>, produced by Iris Morales, aired on <a href="/wiki/PBS" title="PBS">PBS</a> in 1996. In 2015, a retrospective "¡Presente! The Young Lords in New York," was held in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, Omar López, Minister of Information of the Young Lords was asked to donate by the Lincoln Park Project archival material that had been used in the Young Lords newspapers. The materials are now curated in DePaul University's Special Collections and Archives Department and a portion digitized as part of DePaul's Digital Collection. In 2012, 120 oral, audio, and visual histories were collected by Jimenez. They are currently online and are housed at Seidman College of Grand Valley State University. </p><p>Many books have been published by the Young Lords including in 2010 New York University Press <i>The Young Lords: A Reader,</i> edited by Darrel Enck-Wanzer with a foreword by former Young Lords Iris Morales and <a href="/wiki/Denise_Oliver-V%C3%A9lez" class="mw-redirect" title="Denise Oliver-Vélez">Denise Oliver-Vélez</a>. The book primarily covers the Young Lords New York chapter through documents such as speeches and articles from <i>Pa'lante</i>, the Young Lords Newspaper, interviews, posters, and photographs.<sup id="cite_ref-Enck-Wanzer_2010_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Enck-Wanzer_2010-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artist Sophia Dawson created "Women of the Young Lords", included in the 2015 Bronx Museum exhibition, ¡Presente! The Young Lords in New York. </p><p>Darrel Wanzer-Serrano's account of <i>The New York Young Lords and the Struggle for Liberation</i> authored in 2015 characterizes the roots of the local chapter. </p><p>The Puerto Rican activist group <a href="/wiki/El_Grito_de_Sunset_Park" title="El Grito de Sunset Park">El Grito de Sunset Park</a>, co-founded by <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Flores_(activist)" title="Dennis Flores (activist)">Dennis Flores</a>, had ties to and was influenced by the Young Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_Lincoln_Hospital_takeover" title="1970 Lincoln Hospital takeover">1970 Lincoln Hospital takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jose_Cha_Cha_Jimenez" title="Jose Cha Cha Jimenez">Jose Cha Cha Jimenez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Independence_Party" title="Puerto Rican Independence Party">Puerto Rican Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_the_Young_Lords" title="Women of the Young Lords">Women of the Young Lords</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Lords:_A_Reader" title="The Young Lords: A Reader">The Young Lords: A Reader</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Also known as the <b>Young Lords Organization</b> (<b>YLO</b>), or <b>Young Lords Party</b> (<b>YLP</b>).</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWestcott2018" class="citation web cs1">Westcott, Jim (June 20, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/young-lords-history-4165954">"A Brief History of the Young Lords"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ThoughtCo" class="mw-redirect" title="ThoughtCo">ThoughtCo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181018073348/https://www.thoughtco.com/young-lords-history-4165954">Archived</a> from the original on October 18, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Young+Lords&rft.pub=ThoughtCo&rft.date=2018-06-20&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thoughtco.com%2Fyoung-lords-history-4165954&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrossman2018" class="citation web cs1">Grossman, Ron (8 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/opinion/commentary/ct-perspec-flash-young-lords-jose-cha-cha-jimenez-0708-20180626-story.html">"The Young Lords: How a street gang turned to community activism"</a>. <i>Chicagotribune.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chicagotribune.com&rft.atitle=The+Young+Lords%3A+How+a+street+gang+turned+to+community+activism&rft.date=2018-07-08&rft.aulast=Grossman&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fopinion%2Fcommentary%2Fct-perspec-flash-young-lords-jose-cha-cha-jimenez-0708-20180626-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sum.cuny.edu/young-lords-puerto-rican-activists-shook-up-nyc/">"The Young Lords: The Puerto Rican Activists Who Shook Up NYC"</a>. <i>Sum.cuny.edu</i>. 6 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sum.cuny.edu&rft.atitle=The+Young+Lords%3A+The+Puerto+Rican+Activists+Who+Shook+Up+NYC&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsum.cuny.edu%2Fyoung-lords-puerto-rican-activists-shook-up-nyc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortés2013" class="citation book cs1">Cortés, Carlos E. (2013). "Young Lords". <i>Multicultural America: A Multimedia Encyclopedia</i>. Vol. 4. pp. 2217–2218. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4135%2F9781452276274.n911">10.4135/9781452276274.n911</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-1683-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4522-1683-6"><bdi>978-1-4522-1683-6</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Gale_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gale (identifier)">Gale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CCX3718500929">CX3718500929</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Young+Lords&rft.btitle=Multicultural+America%3A+A+Multimedia+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=2217-2218&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4135%2F9781452276274.n911&rft.isbn=978-1-4522-1683-6&rft.aulast=Cort%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=Carlos+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins2023" class="citation news cs1">Robbins, Cary (4 October 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcchicago.com/news/local/young-lords-celebrate-55-years-of-puerto-rican-resilience-and-look-to-new-generation-of-activists/3243004/">"Young Lords celebrate 55 years of Puerto Rican resilience and look to new generation of activists"</a>. <i>NBC Chicago</i>. The DePaulia.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+Chicago&rft.atitle=Young+Lords+celebrate+55+years+of+Puerto+Rican+resilience+and+look+to+new+generation+of+activists&rft.date=2023-10-04&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Cary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcchicago.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fyoung-lords-celebrate-55-years-of-puerto-rican-resilience-and-look-to-new-generation-of-activists%2F3243004%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCaban2005" class="citation journal cs1">Caban, Pedro (January 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/lacs_fac_scholar/18/">"Cointelpro"</a>. <i>Latin American, Caribbean, and U.S. Latino Studies Faculty Scholarship</i> (18).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Latin+American%2C+Caribbean%2C+and+U.S.+Latino+Studies+Faculty+Scholarship&rft.atitle=Cointelpro&rft.issue=18&rft.date=2005-01&rft.aulast=Caban&rft.aufirst=Pedro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarsarchive.library.albany.edu%2Flacs_fac_scholar%2F18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Manifestos/Young_Lords_platform.html">"13 Point Program and Platform of the Young Lords Party"</a>. <i>2.iath.virginia.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-05</span></span>. <q>2. We want self-determination for all Latinos. <br /> Our Latin Brothers and Sisters, inside and outside the united states, are oppressed by amerikkkan business. [...] <br /> 8. We oppose the Amerikkkan military. <br /> We demand immediate withdrawal of u.s. military forces and bases from Puerto Rico, Vietnam and all oppressed communities inside and outside the u.s.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2.iath.virginia.edu&rft.atitle=13+Point+Program+and+Platform+of+the+Young+Lords+Party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.iath.virginia.edu%2Fsixties%2FHTML_docs%2FResources%2FPrimary%2FManifestos%2FYoung_Lords_platform.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Compare: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Manifestos/Young_Lords_platform.html">"13 Point Program and Platform of the Young Lords Party"</a>. <i>2.iath.virginia.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-08-05</span></span>. <q>We know that washington, wall street and city hall will try to make our nationalism into racism; but Puerto Ricans are of all colors and we resist racism. Millions of poor white people are rising up to demand freedom and we support them. These are the ones in the u.s. that are stepped on by the rules and the government. We each organize our people, but our fights are against the same oppression and we will defeat it together.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=2.iath.virginia.edu&rft.atitle=13+Point+Program+and+Platform+of+the+Young+Lords+Party&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.iath.virginia.edu%2Fsixties%2FHTML_docs%2FResources%2FPrimary%2FManifestos%2FYoung_Lords_platform.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/sixties/HTML_docs/Resources/Primary/Manifestos/Young_Lords_platform.html">"13 Point Program and Platform of the Young Lords Party"</a>. 2.iath.virginia.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=13+Point+Program+and+Platform+of+the+Young+Lords+Party&rft.pub=2.iath.virginia.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.iath.virginia.edu%2Fsixties%2FHTML_docs%2FResources%2FPrimary%2FManifestos%2FYoung_Lords_platform.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.msn.com/en-us/video/travel/the-impact-of-the-young-lords/vi-BB1nGOnd">"The impact of The Young Lords"</a>. <i>www.msn.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-06-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.msn.com&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+The+Young+Lords&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fvideo%2Ftravel%2Fthe-impact-of-the-young-lords%2Fvi-BB1nGOnd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBehnken2016" class="citation book cs1">Behnken, Brian D. (2016). <i>Civil Rights and Beyond: African American and Latino/a Activism in the Twentieth-century United States</i>. University of Georgia Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-4916-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8203-4916-9"><bdi>978-0-8203-4916-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Rights+and+Beyond%3A+African+American+and+Latino%2Fa+Activism+in+the+Twentieth-century+United+States&rft.pub=University+of+Georgia+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-8203-4916-9&rft.aulast=Behnken&rft.aufirst=Brian+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerez2004" class="citation book cs1">Perez, Gina (2004). <i>The Near Northwest Side Story: Migration, Displacement, and Puerto Rican Families</i>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93641-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-93641-6"><bdi>978-0-520-93641-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Near+Northwest+Side+Story%3A+Migration%2C+Displacement%2C+and+Puerto+Rican+Families&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-520-93641-6&rft.aulast=Perez&rft.aufirst=Gina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Young_Lords_in_Lincoln_Park_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gvsu.edu/library/specialcollections/young-lords-in-lincoln-park-22.htm">"Young Lords in Lincoln Park - Special Collections & University Archives - Grand Valley State University"</a>. <i>Gvsu.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gvsu.edu&rft.atitle=Young+Lords+in+Lincoln+Park+-+Special+Collections+%26+University+Archives+-+Grand+Valley+State+University&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gvsu.edu%2Flibrary%2Fspecialcollections%2Fyoung-lords-in-lincoln-park-22.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffries2003" class="citation journal cs1">Jeffries, Judson (2003). "From Gang-Bangers to Urban Revolutionaries: The Young Lords of Chicago". <i>Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society</i>. <b>96</b> (3): 288–304. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40193998">40193998</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:141526982">141526982</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/232489914">232489914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Illinois+State+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=From+Gang-Bangers+to+Urban+Revolutionaries%3A+The+Young+Lords+of+Chicago&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=288-304&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40193998%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A141526982%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Judson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lee2009-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lee2009_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lee2009_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2009" class="citation news cs1">Lee, Jennifer (24 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com/2009/08/24/the-young-lords-legacy-of-puerto-rican-activism/">"The Young Lords' Legacy of Puerto Rican Activism"</a>. <i>City Room</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=City+Room&rft.atitle=The+Young+Lords%27+Legacy+of+Puerto+Rican+Activism&rft.date=2009-08-24&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fcityroom.blogs.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F08%2F24%2Fthe-young-lords-legacy-of-puerto-rican-activism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morales_2020-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Morales_2020_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorales2020" class="citation web cs1">Morales, Ed (2020-03-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenation.com/article/culture/young-lords-radical-history-johanna-fernandez-review/">"The Young Lords' Revolution"</a>. <i>The Nation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=The+Young+Lords%27+Revolution&rft.date=2020-03-24&rft.aulast=Morales&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2Fculture%2Fyoung-lords-radical-history-johanna-fernandez-review%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoyer1969" class="citation news cs1">Boyer, Brian D. (August 22, 1969). "Gangs Day Care Center to open". <i>Chicago Sun Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Sun+Times&rft.atitle=Gangs+Day+Care+Center+to+open&rft.date=1969-08-22&rft.aulast=Boyer&rft.aufirst=Brian+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libguides.depaul.edu/ld.php?content_id=10135864">Collection on the Young Lords</a>. DePaul University Special Collections and Archives. Accessed 15 February 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChurchillWall1990" class="citation book cs1">Churchill, Ward; Wall, Jim Vander (1990). <i>The COINTELPRO Papers: Documents from the FBI's Secret Wars Against Domestic Dissent</i>. South End Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-360-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-360-8"><bdi>978-0-89608-360-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+COINTELPRO+Papers%3A+Documents+from+the+FBI%27s+Secret+Wars+Against+Domestic+Dissent&rft.pub=South+End+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-89608-360-8&rft.aulast=Churchill&rft.aufirst=Ward&rft.au=Wall%2C+Jim+Vander&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalyounglords.com">Origins of the Young Lords</a>, Nationalyounglords.com</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaas2011" class="citation book cs1">Haas, Jeffrey (2011). <i>The Assassination of Fred Hampton: How the FBI and the Chicago Police Murdered a Black Panther</i>. Chicago Review Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-709-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56976-709-2"><bdi>978-1-56976-709-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Assassination+of+Fred+Hampton%3A+How+the+FBI+and+the+Chicago+Police+Murdered+a+Black+Panther&rft.pub=Chicago+Review+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-56976-709-2&rft.aulast=Haas&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEnck-Wanzer2010" class="citation book cs1">Enck-Wanzer, Darrel (2010). <i>The Young Lords: A Reader</i>. NYU Press. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-2241-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-2241-1"><bdi>978-0-8147-2241-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Young+Lords%3A+A+Reader&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-2241-1&rft.aulast=Enck-Wanzer&rft.aufirst=Darrel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lerner Newspapers Klement, Alice "Young Lords Leader Eying 1975 Aldermanic seat" March 16, 1974</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Palante</i>, 8 May 1970, volume 2, number 2</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Enck-Wanzer_2010-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Enck-Wanzer_2010_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Enck-Wanzer_2010_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOliver-Velez2010" class="citation book cs1">Oliver-Velez, Denise, ed. (2010). <i>The Young Lords: A Reader</i>. NYU Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-2293-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-2293-0"><bdi>978-0-8147-2293-0</bdi></a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Project_Muse" title="Project Muse">Project MUSE</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/book/11183">book 11183</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Young+Lords%3A+A+Reader&rft.pub=NYU+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-2293-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://interferencearchive.org/wp-content/uploads/triconYLP.compressed.pdf">"Young Lords Party Position Paper on Women"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>interferencearchive.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=interferencearchive.org&rft.atitle=Young+Lords+Party+Position+Paper+on+Women&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finterferencearchive.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FtriconYLP.compressed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorales2016" class="citation book cs1">Morales, Iris (2016). <i>Through the Eyes of Rebel Women: The Young Lords : 1969-1976</i>. Red Sugarcane Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9968276-1-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9968276-1-4"><bdi>978-0-9968276-1-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+the+Eyes+of+Rebel+Women%3A+The+Young+Lords+%3A+1969-1976&rft.pub=Red+Sugarcane+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-9968276-1-4&rft.aulast=Morales&rft.aufirst=Iris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (March 2023)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOjito1997" class="citation news cs1">Ojito, Mirta (24 August 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/08/24/nyregion/one-man-s-journey-to-police-adviser.html">"One Man's Journey To Police Adviser"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=One+Man%27s+Journey+To+Police+Adviser&rft.date=1997-08-24&rft.aulast=Ojito&rft.aufirst=Mirta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F08%2F24%2Fnyregion%2Fone-man-s-journey-to-police-adviser.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poets/pedro-pietri">"Pedro Pietri"</a>. <i>Poetry Foundation</i>. 2018-02-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Poetry+Foundation&rft.atitle=Pedro+Pietri&rft.date=2018-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.poetryfoundation.org%2Fpoets%2Fpedro-pietri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKargbo2015" class="citation news cs1">Kargbo, Connie (September 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/art/puerto-rican-radical-group-young-lords-retake-new-york-city-multi-museum-exhibit/">"Puerto Rican radical group Young Lords retake NYC in museum exhibit"</a>. <i>Pbs.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pbs.org&rft.atitle=Puerto+Rican+radical+group+Young+Lords+retake+NYC+in+museum+exhibit&rft.date=2015-09-19&rft.aulast=Kargbo&rft.aufirst=Connie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fart%2Fpuerto-rican-radical-group-young-lords-retake-new-york-city-multi-museum-exhibit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobé2020" class="citation journal cs1">Robé, Christopher (Winter 2020). "El Grito de Sunset Park: Cop Watching, Community Organizing, and Video Activism". <i>Journal of Cinema and Media Studies</i>. <b>59</b> (2): 62–87. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fcj.2020.0003">10.1353/cj.2020.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214194508">214194508</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Cinema+and+Media+Studies&rft.atitle=El+Grito+de+Sunset+Park%3A+Cop+Watching%2C+Community+Organizing%2C+and+Video+Activism&rft.ssn=winter&rft.volume=59&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=62-87&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fcj.2020.0003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214194508%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Rob%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Abramson, Michael et al. <i>Palante: Young Lords Party.</i> New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1971.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuhleBuhleGeorgakas1998" class="citation book cs1">Buhle, Mari Jo; Buhle, Paul; Georgakas, Dan, eds. (1998). "Young Lords Party". <i>Encyclopedia of the American Left</i> (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 923–924. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512088-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-512088-2"><bdi>978-0-19-512088-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/883502878">883502878</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Young+Lords+Party&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+American+Left&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=923-924&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F883502878&rft.isbn=978-0-19-512088-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernández2020" class="citation book cs1">Fernández, Johanna (2020). <i>The Young Lords: A Radical History</i>. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-5344-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4696-5344-0"><bdi>978-1-4696-5344-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Young+Lords%3A+A+Radical+History&rft.place=Chapel+Hill&rft.pub=The+University+of+North+Carolina+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-4696-5344-0&rft.aulast=Fern%C3%A1ndez&rft.aufirst=Johanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>González, Juan. <i>Harvest of Empire: A History of Latinos in America.</i> New York: Penguin, 2001.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzales2021" class="citation journal cs1">Gonzales, Michael (March 29, 2021). "Rev. of The Young Lords: a radical history". <i>The Sixties</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F17541328.2021.1905939">10.1080/17541328.2021.1905939</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:233631692">233631692</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sixties&rft.atitle=Rev.+of+The+Young+Lords%3A+a+radical+history&rft.date=2021-03-29&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F17541328.2021.1905939&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A233631692%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Gonzales&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeffries2003" class="citation journal cs1">Jeffries, Judson (2003). "From Gang-Bangers to Urban Revolutionaries: The Young Lords of Chicago". <i>Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society</i>. <b>96</b> (3): 288–304. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/40193998">40193998</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/232489914">232489914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Illinois+State+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=From+Gang-Bangers+to+Urban+Revolutionaries%3A+The+Young+Lords+of+Chicago&rft.volume=96&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=288-304&rft.date=2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F40193998%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Jeffries&rft.aufirst=Judson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLazu2013" class="citation journal cs1">Lazu, Jacqueline (22 September 2013). "The Chicago Young Lords: (re)constructing knowledge and revolution". <i>CENTRO</i>. <b>25</b> (2): 28–60. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/Gale_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gale (identifier)">Gale</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.gale.com/ps/anonymous?id=GALE%7CA355248613">A355248613</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/1471055003">1471055003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CENTRO&rft.atitle=The+Chicago+Young+Lords%3A+%28re%29constructing+knowledge+and+revolution&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=28-60&rft.date=2013-09-22&rft.aulast=Lazu&rft.aufirst=Jacqueline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYoung+Lords" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Melendez, Miguel "Mickey," <i>We Took the Streets: Fighting for Latino Rights with the Young Lords.</i> New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003.</li> <li>Wanzer-Serrano, Darrel. <i>The New York Young Lords and the Struggle for Liberation.</i> Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2015.</li> <li>Wanzer, Darrel Enck-. <i>The Young Lords: A Reader.</i> Foreword by Iris Morales and <a href="/wiki/Denise_Oliver-Velez" title="Denise Oliver-Velez">Denise Oliver-Velez</a>. New York University Press, 2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.democracynow.org/2015/9/23/from_garbage_offensives_to_occupying_churches">From Garbage Offensives to Occupying Churches, Actions of the Young Lords Continue to Inspire</a>, <i>Democracy Now</i>, September 23, 2015</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q1Ji3jnSuH0">Rev. Bruce and Eugenia Ransier Johnson</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vayeZc5YsMc">Lords and Eagles</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pwtgAE8foco">Young Lords Origins</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digicol.lib.depaul.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/younglords">Young Lords Newspaper Collection at DePaul University Library - Digital Collections</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425075725/http://www.nationalyounglords.com/">nationalyounglords.com</a> - Archived website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gvsu.edu/younglords">Young Lords in Lincoln Park - Grand Valley State University Special Collections & University Archives</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.library.gvsu.edu/document/24640">Rainbow Coalition - Grand Valley State University Digital Collection</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000090769163">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/154910358">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/1079937412">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92016581">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/109057457">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" 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style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TAP_Boyz" title="TAP Boyz">TAP Boyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European-American</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Gaylords" title="Chicago Gaylords">Gaylords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish-American_organized_crime" title="Polish-American organized crime">Polish Mob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popes_(gang)" title="Popes (gang)">Popes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_City_Royals" title="Simon City Royals">Simon City Royals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jousters" title="Jousters">Jousters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Hispanic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almighty_Saints" title="Almighty Saints">Almighty Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Raza_Nation" title="La Raza Nation">La Raza Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Counts" title="Latin Counts">Latin Counts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Eagles" title="Latin Eagles">Latin Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Kings" title="Latin Kings">Latin Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maniac_Latin_Disciples" title="Maniac Latin Disciples">Maniac Latin Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinaloa_Cartel" title="Sinaloa Cartel">Sinaloa Cartel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Cobras" title="Spanish Cobras">Spanish Cobras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Gangster_Disciples" title="Spanish Gangster Disciples">Spanish Gangster Disciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tren_de_Aragua" title="Tren de Aragua">Tren de Aragua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Young Lords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Irish-American_organized_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish-American organized crime">Irish-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Side_Gang" title="North Side Gang">North Side Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ragen%27s_Colts" title="Ragen's Colts">Ragen's Colts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_Gang" title="Valley Gang">Valley Gang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_organized_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian-American organized crime">Italian-American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Outfit" title="Chicago Outfit">Chicago Outfit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Inactive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forty-Two_Gang" title="Forty-Two Gang">Forty-Two Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genna_crime_family" title="Genna crime family">Genna crime family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian-American_National_Union" title="Italian-American National Union">Italian-American National Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club#Outlaw_motorcycle_clubs_as_criminal_enterprises" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">Outlaw motorcycle gangs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Active" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4em">Active</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hells_Angels" title="Hells Angels">Hells Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Lovers_Motorcycle_Club" title="Hell's Lovers Motorcycle Club">Hell's Lovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaws_Motorcycle_Club" title="Outlaws Motorcycle Club">Outlaws</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Chicago_criminal_organizations_and_crime_bosses" title="List of Chicago criminal organizations and crime bosses">List of Chicago criminal organizations and crime bosses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_organized_crime_in_Chicago" title="Timeline of organized crime in Chicago">Timeline of organized crime in Chicago</a></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_New_Left" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_New_Left" title="Template:American New Left"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_New_Left" title="Template talk:American New Left"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_New_Left" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American New Left"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="American_New_Left" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Left#United_States" title="New Left">American New Left</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations and<br />movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Socialist_Organizing_Committee" title="Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee">Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diggers_(theater)" title="Diggers (theater)">Diggers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Speech_Movement" title="Free Speech Movement">Free Speech Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jackson_Brigade" title="George Jackson Brigade">George Jackson Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maoist_Internationalist_Movement" title="Maoist Internationalist Movement">Maoist Internationalist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Communist_movement" title="New Communist movement">New Communist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Freedom_Party" title="Peace and Freedom Party">Peace and Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Coalition_(Fred_Hampton)" title="Rainbow Coalition (Fred Hampton)">Rainbow Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guard_Party" title="Red Guard Party">Red Guard Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SLATE" title="SLATE">SLATE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbionese_Liberation_Army" title="Symbionese Liberation Army">Symbionese Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_Against_the_Wall_Motherfucker" title="Up Against the Wall Motherfucker">Up Against the Wall Motherfucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Freedom_Front" title="United Freedom Front">United Freedom Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Patriots_Organization" title="Young Patriots Organization">Young Patriots Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International Party</a> ("Yippies")</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_American_Movement" title="New American Movement">New American Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Youth_Movement" title="Revolutionary Youth Movement">Revolutionary Youth Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venceremos_Brigade" title="Venceremos Brigade">Venceremos Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_Underground" title="Weather Underground">Weather Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worker_Student_Alliance" title="Worker Student Alliance">Worker Student Alliance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racial justice movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Movement" title="American Indian Movement">American Indian Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Maceo_Brigade" title="Antonio Maceo Brigade">Antonio Maceo Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Liberation_Army" title="Black Liberation Army">Black Liberation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Liberators" title="Black Liberators">Black Liberators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_Berets" title="Brown Berets">Brown Berets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Wor_Kuen" title="I Wor Kuen">I Wor Kuen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Action_Movement" title="Revolutionary Action Movement">Revolutionary Action Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sojourner_Truth_Organization" title="Sojourner Truth Organization">Sojourner Truth Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Panther_Party" title="White Panther Party">White Panther Party</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Young Lords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_W._Adorno" title="Theodor W. Adorno">Theodor W. Adorno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Bookchin" title="Murray Bookchin">Murray Bookchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erich_Fromm" title="Erich Fromm">Erich Fromm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Goodman" title="Paul Goodman">Paul Goodman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Che_Guevara" title="Che Guevara">Che Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Marcuse" title="Herbert Marcuse">Herbert Marcuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C._Wright_Mills" title="C. Wright Mills">C. Wright Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ho_Chi_Minh" title="Ho Chi Minh">Ho Chi Minh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Williams" title="Raymond Williams">Raymond Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Olin_Wright" title="Erik Olin Wright">Erik Olin Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X" title="Malcolm X">Malcolm X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mao_Zedong" title="Mao Zedong">Mao Zedong</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Alinsky" title="Saul Alinsky">Saul Alinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Avakian" title="Bob Avakian">Bob Avakian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers" title="Bill Ayers">Bill Ayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardine_Dohrn" title="Bernardine Dohrn">Bernardine Dohrn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gilbert_(activist)" title="David Gilbert (activist)">David Gilbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Gold" title="Ted Gold">Ted Gold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Hayden" title="Tom Hayden">Tom Hayden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbie_Hoffman" title="Abbie Hoffman">Abbie Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Jacobs_(activist)" title="John Jacobs (activist)">John Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huey_P._Newton" title="Huey P. Newton">Huey P. Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Robbins" title="Terry Robbins">Terry Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Rubin" title="Jerry Rubin">Jerry Rubin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Seale" title="Bobby Seale">Bobby Seale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berkeley_Tribe" title="Berkeley Tribe">Berkeley Tribe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dissent_(American_magazine)" title="Dissent (American magazine)">Dissent</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liberated_Barracks" title="Liberated Barracks">Liberated Barracks</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/National_Guardian" title="National Guardian">National Guardian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Newsreel" title="The Newsreel">The Newsreel</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Radical_America" title="Radical America">Radical America</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ramparts_(magazine)" title="Ramparts (magazine)">Ramparts</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_political_parties_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_political_parties" title="Template:United States political parties"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_political_parties" title="Template talk:United States political parties"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_political_parties" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States political parties"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_political_parties_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">National <a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">political parties in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="List of political parties in the United States">List of political parties in the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_party" title="Major party">Major parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Larger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Party (United States)">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Smaller</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_People%27s_Socialist_Party" title="African People's Socialist Party">African People's Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Party_(United_States)" title="Alliance Party (United States)">Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Solidarity_Party" title="American Solidarity Party">American Solidarity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Socialists_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Socialists of America">Black Socialists of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Liberty_Party" title="Christian Liberty Party">Christian Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Citizens Party of the United States">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_New_York_(2010)" title="Freedom Party of New York (2010)">Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Road_Socialist_Organization" title="Freedom Road Socialist Organization">Freedom Road Socialist Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Socialist_Party" title="Freedom Socialist Party">Freedom Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_Party_(United_States)" title="Forward Party (United States)">Forward Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Mountain_Peace_and_Justice_Party" title="Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party">Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_USA" title="Liberal Party USA">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:National_Progressive_Party_(United_States)_state_affiliates" title="Category:National Progressive Party (United States) state affiliates">National Progressive Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Dane" title="Progressive Dane">Progressive Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Marijuana_Party" title="U.S. Marijuana Party">Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Pirate_Party" title="United States Pirate Party">Pirate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_2017)" title="People's Party (United States, 2017)">People's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Labor_Party_(United_States)" title="Progressive Labor Party (United States)">Progressive Labor Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_Party" title="Prohibition Party">Prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Party_of_the_United_States_of_America" title="Reform Party of the United States of America">Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renew_America_Movement" title="Renew America Movement">Renew America Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_for_Socialism_and_Liberation" title="Party for Socialism and Liberation">Socialism and Liberation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serve_America_Movement" title="Serve America Movement">Serve America Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_USA" title="Socialist Party USA">Socialist (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Action_(United_States)" title="Socialist Action (United States)">Socialist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alternative_(United_States)" title="Socialist Alternative (United States)">Socialist Alternative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina_Workers_Party" title="South Carolina Workers Party">South Carolina Workers Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democrats,_USA" title="Social Democrats, USA">Social Democrats, USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Equality_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Equality Party (United States)">Socialist Equality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Workers_Party_(United_States)" title="Socialist Workers Party (United States)">Socialist Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_Party" title="Transhumanist Party">Transhumanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Party_of_America" title="Unity Party of America">Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Class_Party" title="Working Class Party">Working Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_Families_Party" title="Working Families Party">Working Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_World_Party" title="Workers World Party">Workers World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Socialist_Party_of_the_United_States" title="World Socialist Party of the United States">World Socialist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Defunct parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party" title="Democratic-Republican Party">Democratic-Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="National Union Party (United States)">National Union</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Know_Nothing" title="Know Nothing">American (Know Nothing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_Elect" title="Americans Elect">Americans Elect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Nazi_Party" title="American Nazi Party">American Nazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1924)" title="American Party (1924)">American (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Vegetarian_Party" title="American Vegetarian Party">American Vegetarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Panther_Party" title="Black Panther Party">Black Panther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party_(political_party)" title="Boston Tea Party (political party)">Boston Tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Party_(United_States)" title="Citizens Party (United States)">Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Workers%27_Party_(United_States)" title="Communist Workers' Party (United States)">Communist Workers'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States,_1952)" title="Constitution Party (United States, 1952)">Constitution (1952)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic-Republican_Party_(1844)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic-Republican Party (1844)">Democratic-Republican (1844)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party" title="Farmer–Labor Party">Farmer–Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Soil_Party" title="Free Soil Party">Free Soil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="National Democratic Party (United States)">Gold Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenback_Party" title="Greenback Party">Greenback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Rights_Party_(United_States)" title="Human Rights Party (United States)">Human Rights Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_(United_States)" title="Independence Party (United States)">Independence (1906)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Party_of_America" title="Independence Party of America">Independence (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_Party_(United_States)" title="Justice Party (United States)">Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_of_the_United_States" title="Labor Party of the United States">Labor (1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Party_(United_States,_1996)" title="Labor Party (United States, 1996)">Labor (1996)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Liberal Republican Party (United States)">Liberal Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Party_(United_States,_1840)" title="Liberty Party (United States, 1840)">Liberty (1840)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(United_States)" title="National Party (United States)"> National (1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Renaissance_Party_(United_States)" title="National Renaissance Party (United States)">National Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_Party_of_America" title="National Socialist Party of America">National Socialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_States%27_Rights_Party" title="National States' Rights Party">National States' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_Law_Party_(United_States)" title="Natural Law Party (United States)">Natural Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Alliance_Party" title="New Alliance Party">New Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Party_(United_States)" title="New Party (United States)">New Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Union_Party" title="New Union Party">New Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nullifier_Party" title="Nullifier Party">Nullifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_Party_(Southern_U.S.)" title="Opposition Party (Southern U.S.)">Opposition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Party_(1970s)" title="Patriot Party (1970s)">Patriot Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States,_1971)" title="People's Party (United States, 1971)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(United_States)" title="People's Party (United States)">Populist (People's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_Choice_Party" title="Personal Choice Party">Personal Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Populist_Party_(United_States,_1984)" title="Populist Party (United States, 1984)">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bull_Moose_Party" title="Bull Moose Party">Progressive (1912)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1924%E2%80%931934)" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)">Progressive (1924)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Party_(United_States,_1948)" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive Party (United States, 1948)">Progressive (1948)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proletarian_Party_of_America" title="Proletarian Party of America">Proletarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Democracy_Party_(United_States)" title="Radical Democracy Party (United States)">Radical Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raza_Unida_Party" title="Raza Unida Party">Raza Unida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Readjuster_Party" title="Readjuster Party">Readjuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guards_(United_States)" title="Red Guards (United States)">Red Guards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Guard_Party" title="Red Guard Party">Red Guard Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Party" title="Silver Party">Silver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Republican_Party" title="Silver Republican Party">Silver Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_America" title="Social Democratic Party of America">Social Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Party of America">Socialist (1901)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">States Rights (Dixiecrat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unconditional_Union_Party" title="Unconditional Union Party">Unconditional Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States,_1850)" title="Union Party (United States, 1850)">Union (1850)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unionist_politician_(American_Civil_War)" title="Unionist politician (American Civil War)">Union (1861)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Union Party (United States)">Union (1936)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Labor_Party" title="U.S. Labor Party">U.S. Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Panthers" class="mw-redirect" title="White Panthers">White Panthers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Patriot_Party" title="White Patriot Party">White Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Patriots_Organization" title="Young Patriots Organization">Young Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Workers_Party_of_America" title="Workers Party of America">Workers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Lords_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Lords Party">Young Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_International_Party" title="Youth International Party">Youth International</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow plainlist" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/16px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/23px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/31px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_state_and_local_political_parties" title="Template:United States state and local political parties">State and local political parties (without national body)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_nominating_convention" title="United States presidential nominating convention">Presidential nominating convention</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_nominating_conventions_in_the_United_States" title="List of presidential nominating conventions in the United States">List</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics portal</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="20px_Independence_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:PRIndependence" title="Template:PRIndependence"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:PRIndependence" title="Template talk:PRIndependence"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:PRIndependence" title="Special:EditPage/Template:PRIndependence"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="20px_Independence_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1868_Lares_Revolutionay_Flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1868_Lares_Revolutionay_Flag.svg/20px-1868_Lares_Revolutionay_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1868_Lares_Revolutionay_Flag.svg/30px-1868_Lares_Revolutionay_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Political organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Union of Puerto Rico">Union Party of Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_Association_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Independence Association of Puerto Rico">Independence Association of Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Liberal Party of Puerto Rico">Liberal Party of Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Independence_Party" title="Puerto Rican Independence Party">Puerto Rican Independence Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Party_of_Puerto_Rico" title="Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican Nationalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hostosian_National_Independence_Movement" title="Hostosian National Independence Movement">Hostosian National Independence Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socialist_Front_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Socialist Front (Puerto Rico)">Socialist Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Pro-Independence_University_Federation" title="Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation">Puerto Rico Pro-Independence University Federation</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Young Lords</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Militant organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cadets_of_the_Republic" title="Cadets of the Republic">Cadets of the Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boricua_Popular_Army" title="Boricua Popular Army">Boricua Popular Army</a> (Macheteros)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuerzas_Armadas_de_Liberaci%C3%B3n_Nacional_Puertorrique%C3%B1a" title="Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional Puertorriqueña">Fuerzas Armadas de Liberación Nacional</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Emeterio_Betances" title="Ramón Emeterio Betances">Ramón Emeterio Betances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Bracetti" title="Mariana Bracetti">Mariana Bracetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathias_Brugman" title="Mathias Brugman">Mathias Brugman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Cofres%C3%AD" title="Roberto Cofresí">Roberto Cofresí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Mercedes_Barbudo" title="María de las Mercedes Barbudo">María de las Mercedes Barbudo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_de_Diego" title="José de Diego">José de Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Mar%C3%ADa_de_Hostos" title="Eugenio María de Hostos">Eugenio María de Hostos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Gonzalo_Mar%C3%ADn" title="Francisco Gonzalo Marín">Francisco Gonzalo Marín</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosendo_Matienzo_Cintr%C3%B3n" title="Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón">Rosendo Matienzo Cintrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Mattei_Lluberas" title="Antonio Mattei Lluberas">Antonio Mattei Lluberas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Ram%C3%ADrez_Medina" title="Francisco Ramírez Medina">Francisco Ramírez Medina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Gualberto_Padilla" title="José Gualberto Padilla">José Gualberto Padilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lola_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Ti%C3%B3" title="Lola Rodríguez de Tió">Lola Rodríguez de Tió</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rojas_(independence_leader)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Rojas (independence leader)">Manuel Rojas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_R%C3%ADus_Rivera" title="Juan Ríus Rivera">Juan Ríus Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segundo_Ruiz_Belvis" title="Segundo Ruiz Belvis">Segundo Ruiz Belvis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arturo_Alfonso_Schomburg" title="Arturo Alfonso Schomburg">Arturo Alfonso Schomburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Valero_de_Bernab%C3%A9" title="Antonio Valero de Bernabé">Antonio Valero de Bernabé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Zeno_Gand%C3%ADa" title="Manuel Zeno Gandía">Manuel Zeno Gandía</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Fern%C3%A1ndez_(distiller)" title="Fernando Fernández (distiller)">Fernando Fernandez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_Stahl" title="Agustín Stahl">Agustín Stahl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maldonado_Rom%C3%A1n" title="José Maldonado Román">José "Aguila Blanca" Maldonado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcos_Xiorro" title="Marcos Xiorro">Marcos Xiorro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th and 21st century<br />activists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Rafael_Barcel%C3%B3" title="Antonio Rafael Barceló">Antonio Rafael Barceló</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Ben%C3%ADtez_Rexach" title="Félix Benítez Rexach">Félix Benítez Rexach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Berr%C3%ADos" title="Rubén Berríos">Rubén Berríos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americo_Boschetti" title="Americo Boschetti">Americo Boschetti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Mari_Br%C3%A1s" title="Juan Mari Brás">Juan Mari Brás</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Hayd%C3%A9e_Beltr%C3%A1n_Torres" title="Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres">Marie Haydée Beltrán Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Brown_(Puerto_Rican_musician)" title="Roy Brown (Puerto Rican musician)">Roy Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayetano_Coll_y_Cuch%C3%AD" title="Cayetano Coll y Cuchí">Cayetano Coll y Cuchí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilberto_Concepci%C3%B3n_de_Gracia" title="Gilberto Concepción de Gracia">Gilberto Concepción de Gracia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Dalmau" title="Juan Dalmau">Juan Dalmau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ortiz_D%C3%A1vila" title="Pedro Ortiz Dávila">Pedro Ortiz Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_M._D%C3%A1vila_Monsanto" title="José M. Dávila Monsanto">José M. Dávila Monsanto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizam_Escobar" title="Elizam Escobar">Elizam Escobar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopoldo_Figueroa" title="Leopoldo Figueroa">Leopoldo Figueroa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADctor_Manuel_Gerena" title="Víctor Manuel Gerena">Víctor Manuel Gerena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Irizarry_Mora" title="Edwin Irizarry Mora">Edwin Irizarry Mora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luis_Llor%C3%A9ns_Torres" title="Luis Lloréns Torres">Luis Lloréns Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_L%C3%B3pez_Rivera" title="Oscar López Rivera">Oscar López Rivera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filiberto_Ojeda_R%C3%ADos" title="Filiberto Ojeda Ríos">Filiberto Ojeda Ríos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_S._Pedreira" title="Antonio S. Pedreira">Antonio S. Pedreira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pietri" title="Pedro Pietri">Pedro Pietri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Poventud" title="Miguel Poventud">Miguel Poventud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngel_Rivero_M%C3%A9ndez" title="Ángel Rivero Méndez">Ángel Rivero Méndez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Orellana" title="Manuel Rodríguez Orellana">Manuel Rodríguez Orellana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_Lourdes_Santiago" title="María de Lourdes Santiago">María de Lourdes Santiago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piri_Thomas" title="Piri Thomas">Piri Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandrina_Torres" title="Alejandrina Torres">Alejandrina Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Alberto_Torres_(Puerto_Rican_nationalist)" title="Carlos Alberto Torres (Puerto Rican nationalist)">Carlos Alberto Torres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iris_Zavala" class="mw-redirect" title="Iris Zavala">Iris Zavala</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party">Puerto Rican<br />Nationalist Party</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Albizu_Campos" title="Pedro Albizu Campos">Pedro Albizu Campos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_S._Alegr%C3%ADa" title="José S. Alegría">José S. Alegría</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margot_Arce_de_V%C3%A1zquez" title="Margot Arce de Vázquez">Margot Arce de Vázquez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El%C3%ADas_Beauchamp" title="Elías Beauchamp">Elías Beauchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casimiro_Berenguer" title="Casimiro Berenguer">Casimiro Berenguer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_de_Burgos" title="Julia de Burgos">Julia de Burgos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanca_Canales" title="Blanca Canales">Blanca Canales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemesio_Canales" title="Nemesio Canales">Nemesio Canales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafael_Cancel_Miranda" title="Rafael Cancel Miranda">Rafael Cancel Miranda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Coll_y_Cuch%C3%AD" title="José Coll y Cuchí">José Coll y Cuchí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Collazo" title="Oscar Collazo">Oscar Collazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_Collazo" title="Rosa Collazo">Rosa Collazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Corretjer" title="Juan Antonio Corretjer">Juan Antonio Corretjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer_Canales" title="José Ferrer Canales">José Ferrer Canales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Freire_de_Matos" title="Isabel Freire de Matos">Isabel Freire de Matos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmelo_Delgado_Delgado" title="Carmelo Delgado Delgado">Carmelo Delgado Delgado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimundo_D%C3%ADaz_Pacheco" title="Raimundo Díaz Pacheco">Raimundo Díaz Pacheco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andres_Figueroa_Cordero" title="Andres Figueroa Cordero">Andres Figueroa Cordero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irvin_Flores" title="Irvin Flores">Irvin Flores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolita_Lebr%C3%B3n" title="Lolita Lebrón">Lolita Lebrón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_L%C3%B3pez_de_Victoria" title="Tomás López de Victoria">Tomás López de Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Margenat" title="Hugo Margenat">Hugo Margenat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Marqu%C3%A9s" title="René Marqués">René Marqués</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Matos_Paoli" title="Francisco Matos Paoli">Francisco Matos Paoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Ortiz_D%C3%A1vila" title="Pedro Ortiz Dávila">Pedro "Davilita" Ortiz Dávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_Mary_Reynolds" title="Ruth Mary Reynolds">Ruth Mary Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A1n_Rieckehoff" title="Germán Rieckehoff">Germán Rieckehoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helen_Rodr%C3%ADguez_Tr%C3%ADas" title="Helen Rodríguez Trías">Helen Rodríguez Trías</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiram_Rosado" title="Hiram Rosado">Hiram Rosado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Rosado" title="Isabel Rosado">Isabel Rosado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolina_Rond%C3%B3n" title="Isolina Rondón">Isolina Rondón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vidal_Santiago_D%C3%ADaz" title="Vidal Santiago Díaz">Vidal Santiago Díaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Santos_(singer)" title="Daniel Santos (singer)">Daniel Santos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clemente_Soto_V%C3%A9lez" title="Clemente Soto Vélez">Clemente Soto Vélez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griselio_Torresola" title="Griselio Torresola">Griselio Torresola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_V%C3%A9lez_Alvarado" title="Antonio Vélez Alvarado">Antonio Vélez Alvarado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_V%C3%A9lez_Rieckehoff" title="Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff">Carlos Vélez Rieckehoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Te%C3%B3filo_Villavicencio_Marxuach" title="Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach">Teófilo Villavicencio Marxuach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olga_Viscal_Garriga" title="Olga Viscal Garriga">Olga Viscal Garriga</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ducoudray_Holstein_Expedition" title="Ducoudray Holstein Expedition">Ducoudray Holstein Expedition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grito_de_Lares" title="Grito de Lares">Grito de Lares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentona_de_Yauco" title="Intentona de Yauco">Intentona de Yauco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_campaign#Treaty_of_Paris_of_1898" title="Puerto Rico campaign">Levantamiento de Ciales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Piedras_massacre" title="Río Piedras massacre">Río Piedras massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponce_massacre" title="Ponce massacre">Ponce massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gag_Law_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Gag Law (Puerto Rico)">Gag Law</a> (<i>Ley de la Mordaza</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_Nationalist_Party_revolts_of_the_1950s" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s">Nationalist Party revolts of the 1950s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jayuya_Uprising" title="Jayuya Uprising">Jayuya Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Nationalist_revolt" title="San Juan Nationalist revolt">San Juan Nationalist revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utuado_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Utuado Uprising">Utuado Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempted_assassination_of_Harry_S._Truman" title="Attempted assassination of Harry S. Truman">Truman assassination attempt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_shooting_incident_(1954)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Capitol shooting incident (1954)">U.S. Capitol shooting incident (1954)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_Maravilla_murders" title="Cerro Maravilla murders">Cerro Maravilla murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_and_Caribbean_Congress_in_Solidarity_with_Puerto_Rico%27s_Independence" title="Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence">Latin American and Caribbean Congress in Solidarity with Puerto Rico's Independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grito_de_Lares_flag" title="Grito de Lares flag">Grito de Lares flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Borinque%C3%B1a#Original_1868_revolutionary_version_by_Lola_Rodríguez_de_Tío" title="La Borinqueña">La Borinqueña by Lola Rodríguez de Tío</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Claridad" title="Claridad">Claridad</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&oldid=1258630713">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Young_Lords&oldid=1258630713</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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