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type-page status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry" id="post-411"> <header class="entry-header has-text-align-center header-footer-group"> <div class="entry-header-inner section-inner medium"> <h1 class="entry-title">Nanotubos de carbon</h1> <div class="intro-text section-inner max-percentage small"> <p>Un nanotubo de carbono (CNT) es una forma tubular de carbono con un diámetro tan pequeño como 0,4 nm y una longitud que va desde unos pocos nanómetros hasta un milímetro.</p> </div> </div> </header> <div class="post-inner"> <div class="entry-content"> <div class="alignwide flexColumns"> <div class="contentCol"> <h2 class="wp-block-heading">Nanotubos de carbon</h2> <p>Los nanotubos de carbono fueron descubiertos en 1991 por Sumiyo Iijima, un científico japonés que trabajaba en NEC Corporation. Un nanotubo de carbono (CNT) es una forma tubular de carbono con un diámetro tan pequeño como 0,4 nm y una longitud que va desde unos pocos nanómetros hasta un milímetro. La relación longitud-diámetro de un nanotubo de carbono puede llegar a 28.000.000:1, cifra que ningún otro material puede igualar.</p> <p>El carbono existe en varios alótropos (diferentes formas físicas), incluidos el grafito y el diamante, que son los más familiares. Para imaginar la estructura de un nanotubo de carbono, piense en tomar una sola capa de una lámina de grafito, cortarla en una pieza rectangular larga y enrollarla de modo que los bordes largos del rectángulo se unan entre sí. El resultado es un nanotubo de carbono de pared simple<em> </em>(SWCNT). Si tomas varias capas de una lámina de grafito, obtienes un nanotubo de carbono de paredes múltiples (MWCNT).</p> <p>Por supuesto, nadie está sentado enrollando láminas de grafito para fabricar nanotubos. Estos se cultivan en laboratorios a menudo mediante un proceso llamado <a href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/nanotechnology-glossary/">deposición química de vapor</a>.</p> <p>Este proceso se puede llevar a cabo utilizando instrumentos llamados reactores que pueden ser bastante sofisticados, pero los nanotubos de carbono se pueden fabricar en un laboratorio de química estándar con relativa facilidad. Un tubo de cuarzo de aproximadamente 2,5 cm de diámetro sirve como recipiente del reactor y se inserta dentro de un horno (un horno es un dispositivo de calentamiento estándar para sintetizar y tratar materiales). El nanotubo se cultiva en una oblea de silicio que se coloca en una ubicación central dentro del tubo de cuarzo. Se aplica una fina capa de hierro, níquel o cobalto a la oblea de silicio para que sirva como catalizador para hacer crecer los nanotubos. Un hidrocarburo como metano, etano o acetileno se envía a través del tubo del reactor que el horno calienta a 750-900ºC.</p> <p></p> <p>Continúe explorando los nanomateriales leyendo sobre otros ejemplos de materiales que exhiben propiedades interesantes a nanoescala: <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/inorganic-nanowires/">nanocables inorgánicos</a>, <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/dendrimers/">dendrímeros</a>, <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/nanoparticles/">nanopartículas</a>, <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/graphene/">grafeno</a>, y <a href="http://trynano.org/es/nanomaterials/quantum-dots/">puntos cuánticos</a>.</p> </div> <div class="sidebarCol"> <img src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/carbonnanotubes-scaled.jpg" /> <span>Ilustración 3d de la estructura del tubo de grafeno. Crédito de la imagen: Rost-9/bigstock.com</span> <h3>Leer más</h3> <div class="related-box"> <div class="relative-item"> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/"><img width="300" height="200" src="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-300x200.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-300x200.jpg 300w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-768x512.jpg 768w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-600x400.jpg 600w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://trynano.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/nanomaterials.jpg 1600w" sizes="(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px" /></a> <a href="https://trynano.org/es/about-nanotechnology/nanomaterials/">Nanomateriales</a> <div class="excerpt"> Imagine poder ver la estructura microscópica de un material y darse cuenta de que está compuesto de muchos patrones periódicos del orden de 100 nm o menos. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </main> <div class="footer-nav-widgets-wrapper header-footer-group"> <a class="to-the-top" href="#site-header"> <span class="to-the-top-long"> Ir arriba <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> <span class="to-the-top-short"> Hasta <span class="arrow" aria-hidden="true">↑</span> </span> </a> <div class="footer-inner section-inner"> <aside class="footer-widgets-outer-wrapper" role="complementary"> <div class="footer-widgets-wrapper"> <div class="footer-widgets"> <div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div 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M93.9,51.2c-9.4,0-17.1-7.7-17.1-17.1c0-9.4,7.7-17.1,17.1-17.1c9.4,0,17.1,7.7,17.1,17.1C110.9,43.5,103.3,51.2,93.9,51.2z" /> </g> </g> <g> <g> <path d="M93.9,51.2c-4.7,0-8.5,3.8-8.5,8.5v59.7c0,4.7,3.8,8.5,8.5,8.5s8.5-3.8,8.5-8.5V59.7C102.4,55,98.6,51.2,93.9,51.2z" /> </g> </g> </svg></a> <a href="https://ieeenano.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span>IEEE NTC</span></a></div></div></div><div class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><div class="widget_text widget-content"><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="https://trynano.org/es/education-resources/university-listings/"><svg version="1.1" id="atom" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewbox="0 0 512 512" style="enable-background:new 0 0 512 512;" xml:space="preserve"> <g> <path d="M403.8,266.3c-3.7-3.4-7.6-6.9-11.7-10.3c4.1-3.4,8-6.9,11.7-10.3c30.9-28.8,42.7-53.9,34.1-72.7 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