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class="mw-page-title-main">Defaka people</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Defaka</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Fewer than a thousand people</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>.</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Defaka_language" title="Defaka language">Defaka</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Defaka</b> (called <b>Afakani</b> by their neighbours, the <a href="/wiki/Nkoroo_people" title="Nkoroo people">Nkoroo</a>) are a small ethnic group of south-eastern <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, numbering fewer than a thousand people. They live in the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Niger_Delta" title="Niger Delta">Niger Delta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rivers_State,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers State, Nigeria">Rivers State</a>, Bonny District; part of them in the Defaka ward of Nkoroo town in close relationship with the <a href="/wiki/Nkoroo" title="Nkoroo">Nkoroo</a> people, and another part of them on the isolated island of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwoma_Nkoro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwoma Nkoro (page does not exist)">Iwoma Nkoro</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Kono,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kono, Nigeria">Kono</a>. Present neighbours of the Defaka, apart from the Nkoroo people, are: at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iwoma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iwoma (page does not exist)">Iwoma</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Ogoni" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogoni">Ogoni</a> people (speakers of Ogoni/Kana/Khana), and to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Andoni_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Andoni people">Obolo</a>. The Defaka have a less cordial relationship with these peoples than with the Nkoroo. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Defaka_language" title="Defaka language">Defaka language</a> is thought to be most closely related to the <a href="/wiki/Ijaw_languages" title="Ijaw languages">Ijo</a> languages, which is the basis for the <a href="/wiki/Ijoid_languages" title="Ijoid languages">Ijoid</a> language family first proposed by Jenewari (1983). Defaka is being rapidly pushed to <a href="/wiki/Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">extinction</a> as speakers are <a href="/wiki/Language_shift" title="Language shift">shifting</a> to the language of the Nkoroo people. All Defaka people speak Nkoroo; most use it as their primary language, even when talking with other Defaka speakers. At most 200 speakers of Defaka are left, mostly elderly people; as such, the language may already be <a href="/wiki/Moribund_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Moribund language">moribund</a> (or nearly so). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defaka_people&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Defaka have always been a people small in number, and their history is a long narrative of harassment by numerically superior neighbours and subsequent migrations. According to oral histories reported in Jenewari (1983), the original home of the Defaka was in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iselema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iselema (page does not exist)">Iselema</a> area (present-day <a href="/wiki/Delta_State,_Nigeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Delta State, Nigeria">Delta State</a>). From there, they moved via the Central Delta into the Eastern Delta region, where they lived close to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abuloma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abuloma (page does not exist)">Abuloma</a> ethnic group. Later they lived close to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Udekama&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Udekama (page does not exist)">Udekama</a> (Degema) people in the <a href="/wiki/Engenni_people" title="Engenni people">Engenni</a> area, and subsequently they entered the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bonny" title="Kingdom of Bonny">Bonny</a> territory to live at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abalama_Olotombia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abalama Olotombia (page does not exist)">Abalama Olotombia</a>, and later near <a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bodø">Bodo</a> in Ogoni. They moved to <a href="/wiki/Iyoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Iyoba">Iyoba</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Andoni" title="Andoni">Andoni</a> country before establishing Olomama Nkoroo (<i>Old town</i>). From there, they finally moved to the present-day Nkoroo town. The Nkoroo people, neighbours of the Defaka and numbering about 4500, relate a similar tradition of migration. Thus, the Defaka and Nkoroo peoples have presumably been living together as neighbours prior to the establishment of Nkoroo town, perhaps even since the time that both of them were in the <a href="/wiki/Okrika" title="Okrika">Okrika</a> territory. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defaka_people&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Nigeria#Ethnic_groups" title="Demographics of Nigeria">Demographics of Nigeria#Ethnic groups</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger#Ethno-linguistic_groups" title="Niger">Niger#Ethno-linguistic groups</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defaka_people&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Blench, Roger (2000, rev. 2003) 'Language Death in West Africa' (unpublished paper given at the Round Table on Language Endangerment, Bad Godesborg, February 12–17, 2000).</li> <li>Jenewari, Charles E.W. (1983) 'Defaka, Ijo's Closest Linguistic Relative', in Dihoff, Ivan R. (ed.) <i>Current Approaches to African Linguistics Vol 1</i>, 85–111.</li> <li>Shryock, A., Ladefoged, P., & Williamson, K. (1996/97) 'The phonetic structures of Defaka', <i>Journal of West African Languages</i>, 26, 2, 3–27.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Defaka_people&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161221060651/http://portal.unesco.org/ci/en/ev.php-URL_ID%3D9869%26URL_DO%3DDO_TOPIC%26URL_SECTION%3D201.html">Defaka at UNESCO</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080724075212/http://archive.phonetics.ucla.edu/Language/AFN/AFN.html">Defaka word lists and recordings</a> at The UCLA Phonetics Lab.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051223100807/http://coral.lili.uni-bielefeld.de/langdoc/EGA/Proposals/Ega-proposal2/">Defaka</a> targeted by a proposal to document endangered languages.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100813080008/http://defaka.rutgers.edu/">Defaka and Nkoroo</a> a project to document Defaka and Nkoroo</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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