Fire | NIST

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data-drupal-link-system-path="">Photos of NIST Fire Testing Through the Years</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/video-category/fire" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Fire Video Collection</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <span data-drupal-link-system-path="">Holiday Fire Safety</span> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-fire-4"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-fire-4" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/fire/why-you-should-water-your-christmas-tree" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Why You Should Water Your Christmas Tree</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/safety-tips-and-science" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Safety Tips and Science</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/feature-stories/behind-scenes-making-nist-holiday-special" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Behind the scenes</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item usa-sidenav__item--parent"> <span data-drupal-link-system-path="">Fire Research Products</span> <button class="usa-accordion__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menu-fire-5"><span class="usa-sr-only">Expand or Collapse</span></button> <ul id="menu-fire-5" class="usa-sidenav__sublist usa-accordion"> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://pages.nist.gov/cfast/index.html" data-drupal-link-system-path="">CFAST</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/el/fire-research-division-73300/firegov-fire-service" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Fire.gov</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/el/fcd" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Fire Calorimetry Database</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="https://pages.nist.gov/fds-smv/" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Fire Dynamics Simulator</a> </li> <li class="usa-sidenav__item"> <a href="/hazard-mitigation-methodology" data-drupal-link-system-path="">Hazard Mitigation Methodology</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </nav> </div>  <div class="nist-block nist-social__wrapper--block" > <h2 class="nist-block__title" >Sign Up to Get NIST News</h2> <div><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIST/subscriber/new?topic_id=USNIST_6" class="nist-social nist-social--envelope" title="GovDelivery" ><span>GovDelivery</span></a></div> </div>  <div class="views-element-container nist-block nist-block--topic" data-elastic-exclude="" > <div><div class="js-view-dom-id-a4b7b361a92840bb1a4fb5e343dcad97e7084921f2d783def5f0445c8aae8bea"> <div class="link-list"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">Fire Topics</h2> <ul> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/fire-detection" hreflang="en">Fire detection</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/fire-dynamics-science" hreflang="en">Fire dynamics & science</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/fire-fighting" hreflang="en">Fire fighting</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/fire-modeling" hreflang="en">Fire modeling</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/fire-risk-reduction" hreflang="en">Fire risk reduction</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/materials-flammability" hreflang="en">Materials flammability</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/structural-fire-resistance" hreflang="en">Structural fire resistance</a></div></div></li> <li><div class="views-field views-field-field-shared-section"><div class="field-content"><a href="/wildland-urban-interface-fire" hreflang="en">Wildland urban interface fire</a></div></div></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </aside> <div class="nist-page__region nist-page__region--content tablet-lg:grid-col-8 desktop-lg:grid-col-9" > <div class="text-with-summary margin-bottom-5"> <p>Fire testing may have its roots in the distant past—perhaps as far back as 2.5 million years ago, when our ancestors first encountered flames and quickly learned that fire's heat could be both powerful and dangerous. Since those early days, humanity has been on a relentless journey to understand and harness the behavior of fire. Most importantly, we've sought ways to protect life and property from its destructive power.</p><p>At NIST, fire testing has been a cornerstone of research since the early 1900s. Our work has generated critical data, insights, and knowledge to advance fire science. From fire safety engineering and firefighting to fire investigation and testing, NIST’s research has helped shape how we address the risks posed by fire today.</p><p>For technical information and current research, <a href="/el/fire-research-division-73300" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="37a054f5-93ac-44ce-838e-69d5e9b68c4a" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="Fire Research Division">visit the Fire Research Division</a> website.</p><div class="nist-callout"><p>Since the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 was passed, annual U.S. fire fatalities have decreased by more than 50%. NIST’s fire research has played a crucial role in saving thousands of lives annually. Find out more about <a href="/fire/history" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="f2caa421-b7d9-4059-a4fc-20a2e2ca7b00" data-entity-substitution="canonical" title="50 Years of Fire Safety Advances">50 years of fire safety advances</a> thanks to NIST's work.<br> </p></div> </div> <div class="nist-block" > <div class="margin-y-4"> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Feature Stories and Photo Essays</div> </h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/feature-stories/eye-fire"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/feature-stories/eye-fire" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/19el004_forest-burn-hero.jpg?itok=lNZmobTv" width="400" height="250" alt="A fire burns along the ground at the edge of a wooded area." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span>In the Eye of the Fire</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/feature-stories/eye-fire" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/feature-stories/piecing-together-timeline-californias-deadliest-wildfire"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/feature-stories/piecing-together-timeline-californias-deadliest-wildfire" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2021/01/25/20181108-153724_209-00_5791ClarkRd_viewW_%5B39.753621N%20121.607721W%5D_%28source%20unknown%29.JPG?itok=N8HYuwBA" width="400" height="250" alt="A sign saying "Welcome to Paradise" stands next to a burning building." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span>Piecing Together the Timeline of California’s Deadliest Wildfire</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/feature-stories/piecing-together-timeline-californias-deadliest-wildfire" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/feature-stories/behind-scenes-making-nist-holiday-special"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/feature-stories/behind-scenes-making-nist-holiday-special" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2018/03/15/17el035_christmas-tree-burn-color-corrected.jpg?itok=G37jnPbL" width="400" height="250" alt="A Christmas tree is engulfed in flames. To the left is a chair. In front is a coffee table, rug and fishbowl. To the right is a tall bookshelf. There are 3 wrapped presents under the tree. A timer reads 8:04 seconds." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span>Behind the Scenes: The Making of a NIST Holiday Special</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/feature-stories/behind-scenes-making-nist-holiday-special" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="margin-y-4"> <h2 class="nist-block__title">News and Updates</h2> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-news-list-topic paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="views-element-container"><div class="js-view-dom-id-2ac1411b140d65b230a4a4fe350293c675ebb2abf3a70b0a6bd3e7bf2051a515"> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/12/pfas-found-firefighter-gloves-hoods-and-wildland-gear"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2024/12/11/PFAS_HGWG_FirefighterGear_v6.png?h=eb3ce8a3&itok=mrlVxhHl" width="400" height="250" alt="Left side is a photo of a firefighter dressed in full equipment, including heavy clothing, a helmet and a breathing mask. Right side is a diagram showing the three layers typically found in firefighter gear: outer shell, moisture barrier and thermal barrier." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">PFAS Found in Firefighter Gloves, Hoods and Wildland Gear</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/12/pfas-found-firefighter-gloves-hoods-and-wildland-gear" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/11/ai-can-hear-when-lithium-battery-about-catch-fire"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2024/10/21/Best-explosion-photo.jpg?h=8d894bf6&itok=whg2SRa2" width="400" height="250" alt="An explosion of sparks shoots upward at a 45 degree angle from a AA lithium battery clamped into place. The explosion takes place in a laboratory surrounded by safety and measurement equipment." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">AI Can ‘Hear’ When a Lithium Battery Is About to Catch Fire</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/11/ai-can-hear-when-lithium-battery-about-catch-fire" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 nist-card--topic "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/09/new-smoke-alarms-are-better-detecting-fires-still-beep-bacon"> <div class="entity-reference"> <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2024/09/13/FX6_2586.MXF_.00_00_25_11.Still001.jpg?h=c74750f6&itok=AARiT2Km" width="400" height="250" alt="Side view of a woman wearing safety glasses, ear protection, and a blue lab coat. With one hand, she is holding a stainless steel frying pan over an electric stove. With her other hand, she is using a spatula to prod bacon in the pan. The room is smoky." typeof="foaf:Image" /> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span property="schema:name">New Smoke Alarms Are Better at Detecting Fires but Still Beep for Bacon</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/news-events/news/2024/09/new-smoke-alarms-are-better-detecting-fires-still-beep-bacon" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="link-list"><a href="/news-events/news-updates/topic/248586">View All News and Updates</a></div> </footer> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--video-grid paragraph--view-mode--default"> <div class="nist-block " > <h2 class="nist-block__title" > <div class="string">Featured Videos</div> </h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-4"> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-2"> <figure class="nist-video-thumbnail--small nist-video-thumbnail--lightbox nist-video-thumbnail" data-lightbox="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/embedPlaykitJs/uiconf_id/55674542?iframeembed=true&entry_id=1_zsnqn77h" data-media-id="676366"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/1_zsnqn77h/width/1280" alt="Preventing Wildfires from Spreading: Insights from Cutting-Edge Fire Experiments" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <div class="nist-video-thumbnail__title"> <h3 class="font-sans-md text-bold margin-top-1"> Preventing Wildfires from Spreading: Insights from Cutting-Edge Fire Experiments </h3> </div> </figure> </div> <div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-bottom-2"> <figure class="nist-video-thumbnail--small nist-video-thumbnail--lightbox nist-video-thumbnail" data-lightbox="https://www.kaltura.com/p/684682/embedPlaykitJs/uiconf_id/55674542?iframeembed=true&entry_id=0_tjiptbg2" data-media-id="367131"> <img loading="lazy" src="https://cdnsecakmi.kaltura.com/p/684682/sp/68468200/thumbnail/entry_id/0_tjiptbg2/width/1280" alt="How Can We Make Buildings More Resilient to Fire?" typeof="foaf:Image" /> <div class="nist-video-thumbnail__title"> <h3 class="font-sans-md text-bold margin-top-1"> How Can We Make Buildings More Resilient to Fire? </h3> </div> </figure> </div> </div> <div class="link-list"> <a href="/video-gallery">View All Videos</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="margin-y-4"> <h2 class="nist-block__title"> <div class="string">Blog posts</div> </h2> <div class="grid-row grid-gap-2"> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/sound-soot-how-strange-noise-can-keep-us-safer-fires"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/sound-soot-how-strange-noise-can-keep-us-safer-fires" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2024/02/26/ryan_and_amy_in_lab_020824_web_ready%20%281%29.jpg?itok=o8NHBQ7O" width="400" height="250" alt="Ryan Falkenstein-Smith and Amy Mensch, both wearing lab coats and gloves, stand in the lab next to a black camera-like device on a table. " typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span>The Sound of Soot: How a Strange Noise Can Keep Us Safer From Fires</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/sound-soot-how-strange-noise-can-keep-us-safer-fires" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/saving-lives-making-upholstered-furniture-more-resistant-fire"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/saving-lives-making-upholstered-furniture-more-resistant-fire" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2022/02/07/IMG_9262.JPG?itok=RbEoeSDm" width="400" height="250" alt="A couch is in flames in a mocked-up room inside a large fire testing facility. " typeof="foaf:Image" /> </a> </div> </a> </div> <div class="nist-card__title padding-y-5"> <h3><span>Saving Lives by Making Upholstered Furniture More Resistant to Fire</span> </h3> </div> <div class="nist-card__links"> <div class="nist-card__button"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/saving-lives-making-upholstered-furniture-more-resistant-fire" class="usa-button ">Read more</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="nist-card tablet:grid-col-4 "> <div class="nist-card__inner"> <div class="nist-card__image"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/new-nist-fire-calorimetry-database-available-answer-your-burning-questions"> <div class="entity-reference"> <a href="/blogs/taking-measure/new-nist-fire-calorimetry-database-available-answer-your-burning-questions" hreflang="en"><img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/styles/400_x_250_focal_point/public/images/2020/12/08/9-10-2018-BONICHI-Test0105_WorkCart_R2-EvtP.jpg?itok=kT0ZzY6v" width="400" height="250" alt="A burning workcart. There are sensors set up all around it, and the clock on the floor reads 13:59. 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