CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charSet="UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/javascript"/>  <title>CONTENTdm</title> <meta name="description" content="" data-react-helmet="true"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"/>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" data-ref="ignore" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/4.7.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" integrity="sha512-SfTiTlX6kk+qitfevl/7LibUOeJWlt9rbyDn92a1DqWOw9vWG2MFoays0sgObmWazO5BQPiFucnnEAjpAB+/Sw==" crossorigin="anonymous" data-ref="ignore" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/digital/favicon.ico?v=82" data-ref="requiresSiteDomain"/>  <script data-ref="ignore"> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); window.ga = ga </script>  <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js" data-ref="ignore"></script> <script data-ref="ignore"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} window.gtag = gtag gtag('js', new Date()); </script> <script data-ref="ignore">if (this.customElements) { try { customElements.define('built-in', document.createElement('p').constructor, { 'extends': 'p' }) } catch (a) { document.write('<script src="https://unpkg.com/@@ungap/custom-elements-builtin@0.2.7/min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" ><' + '/script>') }} else document.write('<script src="https://unpkg.com/document-register-element@1.13.2/build/document-register-element.js" crossorigin="anonymous" ><' + '/script>'); </script> <script data-ref="ignore"> if (typeof HTMLElement === 'object') { document.write( '<script src="https://unpkg.com/custom-elements-es5-adapter@@1.0.0/custom-elements-es5-adapter.js" crossorigin="anonymous"><' + '/script>' + '<script src="node_modules/@webcomponents/webcomponentsjs/webcomponents-bundle.js"><' + '/script>')} </script> <script data-ref="ignore"> window.__INITIAL_STATE__ = JSON.parse("{\"intl\":{\"locale\":\"en_US\",\"messages\":{\"SITE_CONFIG_aboutPageHtml\":\"\u0026lt;h1\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style\u0026#61;\u0026#34;font-size: small;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;ABOUT THE NIST DIGITAL ARCHIVES\u0026lt;\/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/h1\u0026gt;\\n\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style\u0026#61;\u0026#34;font-size: small;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;The NIST Digital Archives (NDA) provide access to full-text NIST publications and images from NIST\u2019s archives and Museum. NIST (the National Institute of Standards and Technology) is a non-regulatory agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce.\u0026lt;\/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style\u0026#61;\u0026#34;font-size: small;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u00A0\u0026lt;\/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/p\u0026gt;\\n\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style\u0026#61;\u0026#34;font-size: small;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;The publications included in this site cover the broad range of research undertaken by NIST staff, focusing on measurement methodology. 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\/\u0026amp;gt; \u0026amp;lt;input name\u0026#61;\u0026amp;quot;CISOROOT\u0026amp;quot; value\u0026#61;\u0026amp;quot;pp15421coll3\u0026amp;quot; type\u0026#61;\u0026amp;quot;hidden\u0026amp;quot; \/\u0026amp;gt; \u0026amp;lt;input value\u0026#61;\u0026amp;quot;Search Artifacts\u0026amp;quot; class\u0026#61;\u0026amp;quot;button\u0026amp;quot; type\u0026#61;\u0026amp;quot;submit\u0026amp;quot; \/\u0026amp;gt;\u0026amp;lt;\/p\u0026amp;gt;\\n\u0026amp;lt;\/form\u0026amp;gt;\u0026amp;lt;\/div\u0026amp;gt;\\n\u0026amp;lt;h5 class\u0026#61;\u0026amp;quot;cdm_style\u0026amp;quot;\u0026amp;gt;\u0026amp;lt;\/h5\u0026amp;gt;\\n\u0026amp;lt;h5 class\u0026#61;\u0026amp;quot;cdm_style\u0026amp;quot;\u0026amp;gt;Founded in 1901, NIST is a non-regulatory federal agency within the U.S. Department of Commerce. 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For questions about this site, please contact \u0026lt;a href\u0026#61;\u0026#34;mailto:nda\u0026#64;nist.gov\u0026#34;\u0026gt;nda\u0026#64;nist.gov\u0026lt;\/a\u0026gt;.\u0026lt;\/em\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/p\u0026gt;\\n\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style\u0026#61;\u0026#34;font-size: small;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;\u00A0\u0026lt;\/span\u0026gt;\u0026lt;\/p\u0026gt;\\n\u0026lt;p\u0026gt;\u0026lt;span style\u0026#61;\u0026#34;font-size: small;\u0026#34;\u0026gt;The NIST Digital Archives (NDA) present collections of\u00A0images and publications from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 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