CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Operation Tempest - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5d611f97-ceea-4579-b5ef-f1e25683621d","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Operation_Tempest","wgTitle":"Operation Tempest","wgCurRevisionId":1253664093,"wgRevisionId":1253664093,"wgArticleId":648056,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Polish-language text","All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases","Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2023","Poland articles missing geocoordinate data","All articles needing coordinates","Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata","Operation Tempest","Poland–Soviet Union relations"],"wgPageViewLanguage": "en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Operation_Tempest","wgRelevantArticleId":648056,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q422376", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg/1200px-Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="884"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg/800px-Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="589"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg/640px-Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="471"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Operation Tempest - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Tempest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Tempest"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Operation_Tempest rootpage-Operation_Tempest skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Operation+Tempest" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Operation+Tempest" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Operation+Tempest" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Operation+Tempest" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Allies_of_our_allies"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Allies_of_our_allies""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>"Allies of our allies"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Allies_of_our_allies"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overview_of_the_operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview_of_the_operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Overview of the operation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview_of_the_operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_different_regions_of_Poland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_different_regions_of_Poland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>In different regions of Poland</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_different_regions_of_Poland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In different regions of Poland subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_different_regions_of_Poland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Southeast_Volhynia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast_Volhynia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Southeast Volhynia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast_Volhynia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northeast_Operation_Ostra_Brama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northeast_Operation_Ostra_Brama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Northeast Operation Ostra Brama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northeast_Operation_Ostra_Brama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lwów_Uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lwów_Uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Lwów Uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lwów_Uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polesie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polesie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Polesie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polesie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Warsaw_Uprising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Warsaw_Uprising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Warsaw Uprising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Warsaw_Uprising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Białystok" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Białystok"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Białystok</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Białystok-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lublin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lublin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Lublin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lublin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kraków" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kraków"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Kraków</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kraków-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radom–Kielce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radom–Kielce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Radom–Kielce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radom–Kielce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Łódź" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Łódź"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Łódź</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Łódź-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outcome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outcome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Outcome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outcome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Operation Tempest</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasie_Storm" title="Operasie Storm – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Operasie Storm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%A9" title="عملية العاصفة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عملية العاصفة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Акцыя Бура – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Акцыя Бура" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktion_Burza" title="Aktion Burza – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Aktion Burza" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaci%C3%B3n_Tempestad" title="Operación Tempestad – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Operación Tempestad" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operaco_Tempesto" title="Operaco Tempesto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Operaco Tempesto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B2%D8%A7" title="عملیات بورزا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عملیات بورزا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op%C3%A9ration_Temp%C3%AAte_(Pologne)" title="Opération Tempête (Pologne) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Opération Tempête (Pologne)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operasi_Tempest" title="Operasi Tempest – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Operasi Tempest" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operazione_Burza" title="Operazione Burza – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Operazione Burza" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%A6%D7%A2_%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%94" title="מבצע סופה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מבצע סופה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akcja_%E2%80%9EBurza%E2%80%9D" title="Akcja „Burza” – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Akcja „Burza”" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Tempest" title="Operação Tempest – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Operação Tempest" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%C2%BB" title="Акция «Буря» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Акция «Буря»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C4%B1rt%C4%B1na_Harekat%C4%B1" title="Fırtına Harekatı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fırtına Harekatı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F_%C2%AB%D0%91%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%C2%BB" title="Акція «Буря» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Акція «Буря»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A3%8E%E6%9A%B4%E8%A1%8C%E5%8A%A8" title="风暴行动 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="风暴行动" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q422376#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Operation_Tempest" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Tempest"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Operation_Tempest" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Operation_Tempest" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&oldid=1253664093" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Operation_Tempest&id=1253664093&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOperation_Tempest"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FOperation_Tempest"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Operation_Tempest&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Akcja_Burza" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q422376" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1944–1945 anti-Nazi uprising in Poland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tempest_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tempest (disambiguation)">Tempest</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r963460841">@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .desktop-float-right{box-sizing:border-box;float:right;clear:right}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.vevent .status>p:first-child{margin:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1034237262">.mw-parser-output .stack{box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .stack>div{margin:1px;overflow:hidden}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-left{float:left;clear:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-clear-right{float:right;clear:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .stack-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-left{float:left;clear:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-clear-right{float:right;clear:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-left{float:left;margin-right:1em}.mw-parser-output .stack-margin-right{float:right;margin-left:1em}}</style><div class="stack mw-stack stack-clear-right"><div><table class="infobox vevent" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th class="summary" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Operation Tempest</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg/220px-Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg/330px-Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg/440px-Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1473" /></a></span><br />Polish soldiers during the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a>.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"><table style="width:100%;margin:0;padding:0;border:0;display:inline-table"><tbody><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Date</th><td>January 4, 1944 – January 1, 1945</td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Location</th><td><div class="location"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a></div></td></tr><tr><th style="padding-right:1em">Territorial<br />changes</th><td> Most of Poland occupied by the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> and their <a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Army" title="Polish People's Army">Polish Allies</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Belligerents</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <span data-sort-value="Germany"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany_%281935%E2%80%931945%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Germany</a></span></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders and leaders</th></tr><tr><td style="width:50%;border-right:1px dotted #aaa;"> <a href="/wiki/Hans_Frank" title="Hans Frank">Hans Frank</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Erich_von_dem_Bach-Zelewski" title="Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski">Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski</a></td><td style="width:50%;padding-left:0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_B%C3%B3r-Komorowski" title="Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski">Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Okulicki" title="Leopold Okulicki">Leopold Okulicki</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Operation_Tempest" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Operation_Tempest" title="Template:Campaignbox Operation Tempest"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Operation_Tempest" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Operation Tempest"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Operation_Tempest" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Operation Tempest"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Operation_Tempest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="wrap">Operation <i>Tempest</i></span></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest_in_Volhynia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Operation Tempest in Volhynia (page does not exist)">Volhynia</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akcja_%E2%80%9EBurza%E2%80%9D_na_Wo%C5%82yniu" class="extiw" title="pl:Akcja „Burza” na Wołyniu">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_Battle_of_Kowel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Second Battle of Kowel (page does not exist)">Kowel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walki_o_Kowel_i_W%C5%82odzimierz_Wo%C5%82y%C5%84ski_(1944)" class="extiw" title="pl:Walki o Kowel i Włodzimierz Wołyński (1944)">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_W%C5%82odzimierz_Wo%C5%82y%C5%84ski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Włodzimierz Wołyński (page does not exist)">Włodzimierz Wołyński</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walki_o_Kowel_i_W%C5%82odzimierz_Wo%C5%82y%C5%84ski_(1944)" class="extiw" title="pl:Walki o Kowel i Włodzimierz Wołyński (1944)">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising_(1944)" title="Kraków Uprising (1944)">Kraków</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Stanis%C5%82aw%C3%B3w&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Stanisławów (page does not exist)">Stanisławów</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akcja_%E2%80%9EBurza%E2%80%9D_w_Okr%C4%99gu_Stanis%C5%82aw%C3%B3w_Armii_Krajowej" class="extiw" title="pl:Akcja „Burza” w Okręgu Stanisławów Armii Krajowej">pl</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murowana_Oszmianka" title="Battle of Murowana Oszmianka">Murowana Oszmianka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Porytowe_Wzg%C3%B3rze" title="Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze">Porytowe Wzgórze</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Ostra Brama</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Krau%C4%8Di%C5%ABnai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Kraučiūnai (page does not exist)">Kraučiūnai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Medininkai_(1944)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Medininkai (1944) (page does not exist)">Medininkai</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_R%C5%ABdninkai_Forest&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Rūdninkai Forest (page does not exist)">Rūdninkai Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_Uprising" title="Lwów Uprising">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ceber" title="Battle of Ceber">Ceber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C4%99cice" title="Battle of Pęcice">Pęcice</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Poland_and_Eastern_Germany_1944–45" style="margin:0;float:right;clear:right;width:25.5em;margin-bottom:0.5em;margin-left:1em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-vertical mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Campaignbox_Poland_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Template:Campaignbox Poland 1944–1945"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Campaignbox_Poland_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Template talk:Campaignbox Poland 1944–1945"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox_Poland_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Campaignbox Poland 1944–1945"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Poland_and_Eastern_Germany_1944–45" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span style="line-height:1.6em"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a> and Eastern Germany 1944–45</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> operations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_offensive" title="Vilnius offensive">Vilnius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belostok_offensive" title="Belostok offensive">Belostok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lublin%E2%80%93Brest_offensive" title="Lublin–Brest offensive">Lublin–Brest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osovets_offensive" title="Osovets offensive">Osovets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Studzianki" title="Battle of Studzianki">Studzianki</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Lvov–Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Radzymin_(1944)" title="Battle of Radzymin (1944)">Radzymin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Memel" title="Battle of Memel">Memel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dukla_Pass" title="Battle of the Dukla Pass">Dukla Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gumbinnen_Operation" title="Gumbinnen Operation">Gumbinnen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_offensive" title="Baltic offensive">2nd Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pozna%C5%84_(1945)" title="Battle of Poznań (1945)">Poznań</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandomierz%E2%80%93Silesian_offensive" title="Sandomierz–Silesian offensive">Sandomierz–Silesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Prussian_offensive" title="East Prussian offensive">East Prussia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Battle of Königsberg">Königsberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heiligenbeil_Pocket" title="Heiligenbeil Pocket">Heiligenbeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samland_offensive" title="Samland offensive">Samland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Pomeranian_offensive" title="East Pomeranian offensive">East Pomerania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kolberg_(1945)" title="Battle of Kolberg (1945)">Kolberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1945)" title="Siege of Danzig (1945)">Danzig</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_offensives" title="Silesian offensives">Silesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Silesian_offensive" title="Lower Silesian offensive">Lower Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Silesian_offensive" title="Upper Silesian offensive">Upper Silesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Breslau" title="Siege of Breslau">Breslau</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a> operations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Tempest</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murowana_Oszmianka" title="Battle of Murowana Oszmianka">Murowana Oszmianka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Porytowe_Wzg%C3%B3rze" title="Battle of Porytowe Wzgórze">Porytowe Wzgórze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama"><i>Ostra Brama</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów uprising">Lwów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C4%99cice" title="Battle of Pęcice">Pęcice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Schoenfeld" title="Battle of Schoenfeld">Schoenfeld</a></li></ul> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> operations</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Doppelkopf" title="Operation Doppelkopf"><i>Doppelkopf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Solstice" title="Operation Solstice"><i>Solstice</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hannibal" title="Operation Hannibal"><i>Hannibal</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks plainlist" style="width:17.0em"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Polish_Underground_State" title="Category:Polish Underground State">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="line-height:1.0em;font-size:150%"><a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish<br />Underground State</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AK-soldiers_Parasol_Regiment_Warsaw_Uprising_1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parasol Regiment, Warsaw, 1944"><img alt="Parasol Regiment, Warsaw, 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/AK-soldiers_Parasol_Regiment_Warsaw_Uprising_1944.jpg/136px-AK-soldiers_Parasol_Regiment_Warsaw_Uprising_1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="136" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/AK-soldiers_Parasol_Regiment_Warsaw_Uprising_1944.jpg/204px-AK-soldiers_Parasol_Regiment_Warsaw_Uprising_1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/AK-soldiers_Parasol_Regiment_Warsaw_Uprising_1944.jpg/272px-AK-soldiers_Parasol_Regiment_Warsaw_Uprising_1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="750" /></a></span><div class="sidebar-caption"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">History of Poland 1939–1945</a></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Authorities</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Delegate%27s_Office_at_Home" class="mw-redirect" title="Government Delegate's Office at Home">Administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_National_Unity" title="Council of National Unity">Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Civil_Resistance" title="Directorate of Civil Resistance">Courts</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Political organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><hr />Major parties<hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Socialist_Party" title="Polish Socialist Party">Polish Socialist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Party_(Poland)" title="People's Party (Poland)">People's Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Party_(Poland)" title="National Party (Poland)">National Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Faction_(1937)" title="Labour Faction (1937)">Labour Party</a></li></ul> <hr />Minor parties<hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_National_Unity" title="Camp of National Unity">Camp of National Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Party (Poland)">Democratic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Jewish_Labour_Bund_in_Poland" title="General Jewish Labour Bund in Poland">Jewish Labour Bund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashomer_Hatzair" title="Hashomer Hatzair">Hashomer Hatzair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betar" title="Betar">Betar (Zionist youth)</a></li></ul> <hr />Opposition<hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp_(1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Radical Camp (1934)">National Radical Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Workers%27_Party" title="Polish Workers' Party">Polish Workers' Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Military organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><hr /><a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army (AK)</a><hr /> <ul><li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Service_for_Poland%27s_Victory" title="Service for Poland's Victory">Service for Poland's<br />Victory (SZP)</a></div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Armed_Struggle" title="Union of Armed Struggle">Armed Resistance (ZWZ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gray_Ranks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gray Ranks">Gray Ranks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Corps" title="National Security Corps">National Security Corps (PKB)</a></li></ul> <hr /><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mostly integrated<br />with <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Armed_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for Armed Struggle">Armed Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Home Army</a></div><hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gwardia_Ludowa_WRN" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwardia Ludowa WRN">Gwardia Ludowa WRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bataliony_Ch%C5%82opskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataliony Chłopskie">Peasant Battalions</a></li></ul> <hr /><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Partially integrated<br />with <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Armed_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for Armed Struggle">Armed Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Home Army</a></div><hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Organization" title="National Military Organization">National Military Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Armed_Forces" title="National Armed Forces">National Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_Fighting_Poland" title="Camp of Fighting Poland">Camp of Fighting Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_Griffin" title="Pomeranian Griffin">Pomeranian Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_the_Nation" title="Confederation of the Nation">Confederation of the Nation</a></li></ul> <hr /><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Non-integrated but recognizing<br />authority of <a href="/wiki/Union_for_Armed_Struggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Union for Armed Struggle">Armed Resistance</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Home Army</a></div><hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Combat_Organization" title="Jewish Combat Organization">Jewish Combat Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Military_Union" title="Jewish Military Union">Jewish Military Union</a></li></ul> <hr />Opposition<hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armia_Ludowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Ludowa">Armia Ludowa</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_culture_during_World_War_II" title="Polish culture during World War II">Cultural activities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="Education in Poland during World War II">Education</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">History of Poland<br />during 1939–1945</a></div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_Underground_State_sidebar" title="Template:Polish Underground State sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_Underground_State_sidebar" title="Template talk:Polish Underground State sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_Underground_State_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish Underground State sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akcja_burza_1944.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Akcja_burza_1944.png/210px-Akcja_burza_1944.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Akcja_burza_1944.png/315px-Akcja_burza_1944.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Akcja_burza_1944.png/420px-Akcja_burza_1944.png 2x" data-file-width="2749" data-file-height="3770" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Operation Tempest</b> (<a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a>: <i lang="pl">akcja „Burza”</i>, sometimes referred to in English as "Operation Storm") was a series of uprisings conducted during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> against occupying German forces by the Polish <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a> (<i>Armia Krajowa</i>, abbreviated <i>AK</i>), the dominant force in the <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a>. </p><p>Operation Tempest's objective was to seize control of German-occupied cities and areas while the Germans were preparing their defenses against the advancing Soviet <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a> hoped to take power before the Soviets arrived. </p><p> A goal of the <a href="/wiki/Polish_government-in-exile" title="Polish government-in-exile">Polish government-in-exile</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> was to restore Poland's 1939 borders with the USSR, rejecting the <a href="/wiki/Curzon_Line" title="Curzon Line">Curzon Line</a> border. According to <a href="/wiki/Jan_Ciechanowski_(diplomat)" title="Jan Ciechanowski (diplomat)">Jan Ciechanowski</a>,</p><blockquote><p>"The [exiled] Polish Cabinet believed that by refusing to accept the <a href="/wiki/Curzon_Line" title="Curzon Line">Curzon Line</a> they were defending their country's right to exist as a national entity. They were determined that Russo-Polish relations should be restored on the basis of the pre-1939 territorial arrangements."<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From its inception, the Home Army had been preparing a national armed rising against the Germans. The basic framework of the future rising was created in September 1942. According to the plan, the Uprising was to be ordered by the Polish <a href="/wiki/Commander-in-Chief" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander-in-Chief">Commander-in-Chief</a> in exile when the defeat of the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> became apparent. The Uprising was to begin in Central <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>: in the <a href="/wiki/General_Government" title="General Government">General Government</a>, <a href="/wiki/D%C4%85browa_Basin" title="Dąbrowa Basin">Dąbrowa Basin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Voivodeship_(1919%E2%80%931939)" title="Kraków Voivodeship (1919–1939)">Kraków Voivodeship</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brze%C5%9B%C4%87" class="mw-redirect" title="Brześć">Brześć</a> areas. </p><p>The Uprising's basic objectives were to: </p> <ol><li>end the German occupation;</li> <li>seize arms and supplies needed for a Polish regular army on Polish soil;</li> <li>counter the threat from the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Massacres_of_Poles_in_Volhynia" class="mw-redirect" title="Massacres of Poles in Volhynia">Massacres of Poles in Volhynia</a>);</li> <li>rebuild a regular <a href="/wiki/Polish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Army">Polish Army</a>;</li> <li>rebuild civil authority, communications, and an arms industry;</li> <li>maintain peace and order behind the front lines; and</li> <li>begin offensive operations against Wehrmacht forces still on Polish soil.</li></ol> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CaptMruk_recce_Soviet_Aug1944_Rad-Kie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/CaptMruk_recce_Soviet_Aug1944_Rad-Kie.jpg/220px-CaptMruk_recce_Soviet_Aug1944_Rad-Kie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/CaptMruk_recce_Soviet_Aug1944_Rad-Kie.jpg/330px-CaptMruk_recce_Soviet_Aug1944_Rad-Kie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/CaptMruk_recce_Soviet_Aug1944_Rad-Kie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="390" data-file-height="255" /></a><figcaption>Captain "<i>Mruk</i>" of the <a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a> area <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a>, with a Soviet reconnaissance patrol</figcaption></figure> <p>Reconstruction of a Polish regular army was to be based on the <a href="/wiki/Polish_army_order_of_battle_in_1939" title="Polish army order of battle in 1939">prewar Polish order of battle</a>. Home Army units were to be turned into regular divisions. Initially to be created were 16 infantry divisions, three cavalry brigades and one motorized brigade, to be equipped with captured weapons or with arms and supplies delivered by the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a>. The second phase was to see the re-building of an additional 15 divisions and 5 cavalry brigades which, before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, had been stationed in eastern and western Poland. </p><p>The plan was partly implemented. Beginning in 1943, Home Army units were grouped into larger units bearing the names and numbers of prewar Polish divisions, brigades and regiments. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Allies_of_our_allies""><span id=".22Allies_of_our_allies.22"></span>"Allies of our allies"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: "Allies of our allies""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 1943, after the German <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">defeat at Stalingrad</a>, it became clear that the Soviets would be the force the Home Army would most likely have to deal with, and that the planned Polish uprising would face a still-powerful German army, rather than units retreating to an already defeated homeland. </p><p>In February 1943, the <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a> chief, General <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Rowecki" title="Stefan Rowecki">Stefan Rowecki</a>, amended the plan. The Uprising would take place in three stages. The first stage would be an armed uprising in the east (with main centers of resistance at <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lwów</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a>) in advance of the approaching <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. In preparation, the "<a href="/wiki/Wachlarz" title="Wachlarz">Wachlarz</a>" organization was formed. The second stage would be an armed struggle in the zone between the <a href="/wiki/Curzon_Line" title="Curzon Line">Curzon Line</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> River; and the third stage would be a national uprising throughout the rest of Poland. </p><p>On April 25, 1943, Polish-Soviet diplomatic relations were broken off by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> due to Polish inquiries about the <a href="/wiki/Katyn_massacre" title="Katyn massacre">Katyn massacres</a>, and it became clear that the advancing Red Army might not come to Poland as a liberator but rather, as General Rowecki put it, "our allies' ally." On November 26, 1943, the Polish government-in-exile issued instructions that, if diplomatic relations did not resume with the Soviet Union before the Soviets entered Poland, Home Army forces were to remain underground pending further decisions. </p><p>The Home Army's commander on the ground, however, took a different approach, and on November 30, 1943, a final version of the plan was drafted. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview_of_the_operation">Overview of the operation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Overview of the operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:7InfDivAK_Radom-Kielce.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/88/7InfDivAK_Radom-Kielce.jpg/220px-7InfDivAK_Radom-Kielce.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/88/7InfDivAK_Radom-Kielce.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption>Polish Home Army's 7th Infantry Division, from the <a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a>–<a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a> area, during Operation Tempest</figcaption></figure> <p>The plan was to cooperate with the advancing Red Army on a tactical level, while Polish civil authorities came out from underground and took power in Allied-controlled Polish territory. This plan was approved by the Delegate of the government-in-exile and by the Polish underground parliament, the <a href="/wiki/Home_Political_Representation" title="Home Political Representation">Home Political Representation</a>. </p><p>On January 2, 1944, Red Army forces of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_Belorussian_Front" title="2nd Belorussian Front">2nd Belorussian Front</a> crossed the prewar Polish border and Operation Tempest began. The Division managed to contact the commanders of the advancing Red Army and began successful joint operations against the Wehrmacht. Together they retook <a href="/wiki/Kovel" title="Kovel">Kowel</a> (April 6) and <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr (city)">Włodzimierz</a>. However, the Division<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words"><span title="The material near this tag possibly uses too vague attribution or weasel words. (November 2023)">which?</span></a></i>]</sup> was soon forced to retreat west, and in <a href="/wiki/Polesia" title="Polesia">Polesia</a> was attacked by both German and Soviet forces. Polish soldiers taken prisoner by the Soviets were given the choice of joining the Red Army or being sent to <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">Soviet forced-labor camps</a>. The remnants of the Division crossed the <a href="/wiki/Bug_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug River">Bug River</a>, where they were attacked by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisan" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet partisan">Soviet partisan</a> units. After liberating the towns of <a href="/wiki/Lubart%C3%B3w" title="Lubartów">Lubartów</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kock" title="Kock">Kock</a>, the Division (reduced to some 3,200 men) was surrounded by the Red Army and taken prisoner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_different_regions_of_Poland">In different regions of Poland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In different regions of Poland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast_Volhynia">Southeast Volhynia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Southeast Volhynia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Tempest began in <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>, a region which until 1939 had belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Wo%C5%82y%C5%84_Voivodeship_(1921%E2%80%931939)" title="Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)">Wołyń Voivodeship (1921–1939)</a>), in January 1944, after the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> had entered prewar Polish territory east of the town of <a href="/wiki/Sarny" title="Sarny">Sarny</a> on January 4. The operation, which was mainly carried out by the <a href="/wiki/27th_Home_Army_Infantry_Division_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Home Army Infantry Division (Poland)">27th Home Army Infantry Division (Poland)</a> (some 6500 soldiers) was aimed at the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> units, still operating in the region. </p> <ul><li>January 4, 1944: the Red Army enters Volhynia east of Sarny</li> <li>January 15: a mobilization of ethnic Poles takes place in the area of Kowel and Włodzimierz Wołyński</li> <li>January 28: the 27th Volhynian Home Army Infantry Division is officially created</li> <li>February 10: Colonel <a href="/wiki/Jan_Wojciech_Kiwerski" title="Jan Wojciech Kiwerski">Jan Wojciech Kiwerski</a> is named commandant of the Volhynian District of the Home Army</li> <li>March 4: first Home Army unit meets the advancing Red Army</li> <li>March 17: a Wehrmacht company is disarmed at the village of Zasmyki near <a href="/wiki/Kowel" class="mw-redirect" title="Kowel">Kowel</a></li> <li>March 18: first skirmishes against Germans take place</li> <li>March 20–27: heavy battles in the Turia river valley</li> <li>March 23: a German detachment is disarmed at Stezarzyce</li> <li>March 24: a skirmish near Kapitulka</li> <li>March 26: Colonel Kiwerski meets Soviet General Sergeev</li> <li>April 1944: heavy fighting with the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> west of Kowel. Due to German superiority, on April 12 Polish forces try to get in touch with the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, after a failed attempt to capture Włodzimierz Wołyński. Eventually, the division is surrounded, and on April 18, its commandant, Colonel Kiwerski, was killed in action. On April 21 the unit escapes the encirclement, and after several skirmishes, on June 10 it crosses the <a href="/wiki/Bug_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug River">Bug River</a>, entering <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Poland" title="Lesser Poland">Lesser Poland</a>. The division then took part in Operation Tempest in the region of <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a>, remaining active until late July 1944.</li></ul> <p>All together, between January and June 1944, the 27th Volhynian ID of the Home Army took part in over 100 skirmishes, losing over 600 soldiers. German and Hungarian losses are estimated at up to 750 KIA and 900 wounded. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northeast_Operation_Ostra_Brama">Northeast Operation Ostra Brama</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Northeast Operation Ostra Brama"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Operation Ostra Brama</a></div> <p>In the north, on July 7, 1944, the forces of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilno_District_(Home_Army)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilno District (Home Army) (page does not exist)">Wilno</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okr%C4%99g_Wilno_Armii_Krajowej" class="extiw" title="pl:Okręg Wilno Armii Krajowej">pl</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nowogr%C3%B3dek_District_(Home_Army)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nowogródek District (Home Army) (page does not exist)">Nowogródek Home Army districts</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okr%C4%99g_Nowogr%C3%B3dek_Armii_Krajowej" class="extiw" title="pl:Okręg Nowogródek Armii Krajowej">pl</a>]</span> (some 13,000 men under Colonel <a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Krzy%C5%BCanowski" title="Aleksander Krzyżanowski">Aleksander Krzyżanowski</a>) launched an <a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">attack on German-occupied Vilnius</a>, although the attack stalled until the arrival of Soviet forces. The AK and Soviet armies then jointly occupied the city on July 13. Prior to the assault, the surrounding countryside had also been seized by Polish and Soviet partisans. Cooperation ended almost immediately after Vilnius was occupied; on July 14, Krzyżanowski and his officers were disarmed and imprisoned, and AK units who resisted disarmament were violently crushed by Soviet forces, with dozens of Polish fatalities.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lwów_Uprising"><span id="Lw.C3.B3w_Uprising"></span>Lwów Uprising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lwów Uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_Uprising" title="Lwów Uprising">Lwów Uprising</a></div> <p>On July 23, Home Army forces in Lwów (now <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>) began an armed rising in cooperation with advancing Soviet forces. In four days the city was taken over. The Polish civil and military authorities were then summoned to "a meeting with Red Army commanders" and taken prisoner by the Soviet <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a>. Colonel <a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Filipkowski" title="Władysław Filipkowski">Władysław Filipkowski</a>'s men were forcibly conscripted into the Red Army, sent to <a href="/wiki/Gulag" title="Gulag">forced-labor camps</a>, or went back underground. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polesie">Polesie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Polesie"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Tempest in Polesia took place in the final days of the German occupation of this region. Due to rapid Soviet advance westwards (see <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration">Operation Bagration</a>), it lasted for two weeks (July 15–30, 1944), mainly in the western part of Polesie, near <a href="/wiki/Brze%C5%9B%C4%87_nad_Bugiem" class="mw-redirect" title="Brześć nad Bugiem">Brześć nad Bugiem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobryn" title="Kobryn">Kobryn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bereza_Kartuska" class="mw-redirect" title="Bereza Kartuska">Bereza Kartuska</a>, but also in the area of <a href="/wiki/Pinsk" title="Pinsk">Pinsk</a>. The Home Army headquarters gave orders for the 30th Home Army Infantry Division to be created in Polesia. This unit was tasked with capturing the areas north and east of Brześć. The division concentrated in forested areas along the <a href="/wiki/Nurzec" title="Nurzec">Nurzec</a> river, with some 1000 soldiers. </p><p>On July 17, a <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> motorized transport was attacked near the <a href="/wiki/Folwark" title="Folwark">folwark</a> of Adampol, and a skirmish with the Germans took place near the village of Wyzary. On July 30, 1944, Polish forces made contact with <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>'s <a href="/wiki/65th_Army_(Soviet_Union)" class="mw-redirect" title="65th Army (Soviet Union)">65th Army</a>: Soviet officers ordered the Poles to merge with <a href="/wiki/First_Polish_Army_(1944%E2%80%9345)" class="mw-redirect" title="First Polish Army (1944–45)">First Polish Army</a>. Poles disobeyed this order, and headed towards <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82a_Podlaska" title="Biała Podlaska">Biała Podlaska</a>, where they decided to march to <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> and fight in the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a>. Near <a href="/wiki/Otwock" title="Otwock">Otwock</a>, the division was surrounded and disarmed by the Soviets. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Warsaw_Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Warsaw Uprising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:26PPAK_relief_Warsaw_Uprising.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/0b/26PPAK_relief_Warsaw_Uprising.jpg/220px-26PPAK_relief_Warsaw_Uprising.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/0b/26PPAK_relief_Warsaw_Uprising.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="325" data-file-height="219" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Polish Home Army</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=26th_Infantry_Regiment_AK&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="26th Infantry Regiment AK (page does not exist)">26th Infantry Regiment</a> en route from the <a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a>–<a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a> area to <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a> in an attempt to join the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Seeing the fate of the Home Army forces that had taken part in Operation Tempest, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish government in exile">Polish government in exile</a> and the Home Army's current commander, General <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Komorowski" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadeusz Komorowski">Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski</a>, decided that the last chance for regaining Poland's independence was to open an uprising in Warsaw. On July 21, 1944, Bór-Komorowski ordered that the Warsaw Uprising begin at 17:00 hours on August 1, 1944. The political goal was to emphasize for the Allies the existence of the Polish government and Polish civil authorities. Warsaw was to be taken in order to allow the legitimate <a href="/wiki/Polish_government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish government in exile">Polish government</a> to return from exile to Poland. </p><p>At the same time, other Home Army districts were also mobilized. Units of the <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> area were preparing an uprising, similar to the one in Wilno, Lwów and Warsaw, but it was cancelled due to several reasons (see: <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising_(1944)" title="Kraków Uprising (1944)">Kraków Uprising (1944)</a>). In the <a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a> area, the <a href="/w/index.php?title=2nd_Polish_Home_Army_Division&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2nd Polish Home Army Division (page does not exist)">2nd Polish Home Army Division</a> was formed and took control of the entire area except for the cities. Other units were also mustered in Kraków, <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> and <a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland" title="Greater Poland">Greater Poland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Białystok"><span id="Bia.C5.82ystok"></span>Białystok</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Białystok"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Tempest in <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok" title="Białystok">Białystok</a> and its area began in the second half of July 1944 and lasted until late September. The Home Army recreated here four units, based on interbellum <a href="/wiki/Polish_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish Army">Polish Army</a>: 18th and 29th Infantry Divisions, also Suwalki and Podlaska Cavalry Brigades. All together, some 7,000 soldiers fought in over 200 battles and skirmishes. The operation was commanded by Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wladyslaw_Liniarski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wladyslaw Liniarski (page does not exist)">Wladyslaw Liniarski</a>. </p><p>The first unit to enter the fighting was 81st Home Army Infantry Regiment, which operated in the forests around <a href="/wiki/Grodno" title="Grodno">Grodno</a>. Armed with light weapons, the regiment was too weak to capture the city of Grodno and limited its activities to fighting German outposts and police stations. </p><p>In the outskirts of Białystok, among Polish forces concentrated in the <a href="/wiki/Knyszyn" title="Knyszyn">Knyszyn</a> Wilderness were: 42nd Home Army Infantry Regiment, and 10th Home Army <a href="/wiki/Uhlan" title="Uhlan">Uhlan</a> Regiment. The 2nd Home Army <a href="/wiki/Uhlan" title="Uhlan">Uhlan</a> Regiment operated in the area of <a href="/wiki/Bransk" class="mw-redirect" title="Bransk">Bransk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hajn%C3%B3wka" title="Hajnówka">Hajnówka</a>. This unit destroyed the rail line between Hajnówka and <a href="/wiki/Czeremcha,_Podlaskie_Voivodeship" title="Czeremcha, Podlaskie Voivodeship">Czeremcha</a>, including a rail bridge, which was blown up. The 76th Home Army Infantry Regiment fought in the area of <a href="/wiki/Ciechanowiec" title="Ciechanowiec">Ciechanowiec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Lapy">Lapy</a>. </p><p>Three Home Army regiments were formed in the <a href="/wiki/August%C3%B3w_Primeval_Forest" title="Augustów Primeval Forest">Augustów Primeval Forest</a>: 1st Home Army Uhlan Regiment (with 300 soldiers), 41st Home Army Infantry Regiment and 3rd Regiment (all together: 700 soldiers). </p><p>Fearing a partisan attack, the Germans declared a state of emergency in the town of <a href="/wiki/August%C3%B3w" title="Augustów">Augustów</a>. During Operation Tempest in this part of Białystok Province, over 30 raids of different kinds took place, in which 4 military transports were blown up, along the rail line from Augustow to Grodno. Home Army forces cooperated with the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>. On August 6, a unit of 300 soldiers managed to get through German lines, and into the areas controlled by the Soviets. By autumn 1944, most regiments had ceased operations. The last skirmish in this area took place on November 2 near the village of Nowinka. </p><p>In the forests surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Osowiec_Fortress" title="Osowiec Fortress">Osowiec Fortress</a>, 9th Home Army Mounted Rifles were concentrated under Wiktor Konopka. In July and August 1944, this regiment fought the Germans in several locations. On September 8, after a heavy battle, the unit was destroyed by the enemy. Survivors managed to cross the frontline, which at that time was along the <a href="/wiki/Biebrza" title="Biebrza">Biebrza</a> river. </p><p>In the area of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Łomża">Łomża</a>, the 33rd Home Army Infantry Regiment was created, with three battalions. It fought rear German units, breaking communication links between frontline and <a href="/wiki/East_Prussia" title="East Prussia">East Prussia</a>. Near the village of <a href="/wiki/Czarnowo-Undy" title="Czarnowo-Undy">Czarnowo-Undy</a>, some 150 Soviet prisoners of war were released by the Poles. As a reprisal, the Germans burned the village, shooting all its residents (July 22, 1944). On August 20, the 5th Home Army Uhlan Regiment, which operated in the area of <a href="/wiki/Ostro%C5%82%C4%99ka" title="Ostrołęka">Ostrołęka</a>, attacked a German artillery battery near the village of Labedy. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lublin">Lublin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lublin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Tempest in the area of <a href="/wiki/Lublin" title="Lublin">Lublin</a> took place in the final two weeks of July 1944. The Home Army created there such units, as 3rd Infantry Division, 9th Infantry Division, 15th Infantry Regiment, also units of <a href="/wiki/Bataliony_Ch%C5%82opskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataliony Chłopskie">Bataliony Chłopskie</a> and other resistance organizations, plus <a href="/wiki/27th_Home_Army_Infantry_Division_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Home Army Infantry Division (Poland)">27th Home Army Infantry Division (Poland)</a> from the province of <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a>. All together, Polish forces in the region had some 20,000 men. </p><p>The partisans attacked retreating German forces along railways and roads in the whole district of Lublin. In several cases, they defended villages pacified by the <a href="/wiki/Wehrmacht" title="Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht</a> and the <a href="/wiki/SS" class="mw-redirect" title="SS">SS</a>. Poles cooperated with <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a> guerillas, which also operated in the area. </p><p>In the south (the region of <a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87" title="Zamość">Zamość</a>), 9th Infantry Regiment under Major Stanislaw Prus liberated the town of <a href="/wiki/Be%C5%82%C5%BCec,_Lublin_Voivodeship" class="mw-redirect" title="Bełżec, Lublin Voivodeship">Bełżec</a> (July 21). Together with the Soviets, they captured <a href="/wiki/Tomasz%C3%B3w_Lubelski" title="Tomaszów Lubelski">Tomaszów Lubelski</a>. German forces were attacked in several locations, including <a href="/wiki/Frampol" title="Frampol">Frampol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zwierzyniec" title="Zwierzyniec">Zwierzyniec</a>. </p><p>On July 21 and 22, Volhynian 27th Division captured <a href="/wiki/Kock" title="Kock">Kock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lubart%C3%B3w" title="Lubartów">Lubartów</a> and <a href="/wiki/Firlej" title="Firlej">Firlej</a>. In western part of the province, 8th and 15th Infantry Regiments liberated a number of towns: <a href="/wiki/Kur%C3%B3w" title="Kurów">Kurów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urz%C4%99d%C3%B3w" title="Urzędów">Urzędów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Na%C5%82%C4%99cz%C3%B3w" title="Nałęczów">Nałęczów</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garb%C3%B3w" title="Garbów">Garbów</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C4%85wolnica,_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Wąwolnica, Lublin Voivodeship">Wąwolnica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sobolew,_Lublin_Voivodeship" title="Sobolew, Lublin Voivodeship">Sobolew</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryki" title="Ryki">Ryki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%84skowola" title="Końskowola">Końskowola</a>. On July 26, Polish units cooperated with Soviet forces fighting for <a href="/wiki/Pu%C5%82awy" title="Puławy">Puławy</a>. Several German rail transports were destroyed, and Polish soldiers saved Końskowola from Germans, who planned to set the town on fire. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kraków"><span id="Krak.C3.B3w"></span>Kraków</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Kraków"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Home Army District of <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> was one of the largest districts of the organization. It spread from <a href="/wiki/Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Przemyśl">Przemyśl</a> to Kraków itself, and the first fighting in the area took place in the east. In <a href="/wiki/Rzeszow" class="mw-redirect" title="Rzeszow">Rzeszow</a> and Przemysl, 22nd and 24th Home Army Divisions were mobilized. In Rzeszów, <a href="/wiki/Mielec" title="Mielec">Mielec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krosno" title="Krosno">Krosno</a>, 10th Home Army Cavalry Brigade was created. In the west, 6th and 106th Home Army Infantry Divisions were created, also Kraków Brigade of Motorized Cavalry. Other units active in the region were: Independent Battalion of Major Jan Panczakiewicz and Operational Group Kraków under Colonel Edward Godlewski. </p><p>The Home Army considered an armed insurrection in the city of Kraków, but this plan was abandoned (see <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising_(1944)" title="Kraków Uprising (1944)">Kraków Uprising (1944)</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radom–Kielce"><span id="Radom.E2.80.93Kielce"></span>Radom–Kielce</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Radom–Kielce"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Tempest in <a href="/wiki/Radom" title="Radom">Radom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kielce" title="Kielce">Kielce</a> began on August 1, 1944, and lasted until October 6. The Home Army here created 2nd, 7th and 28th Infantry Divisions, with several other units. The purpose of the operation was to aid the Red Army with its capture of the eastern bank of the <a href="/wiki/Vistula" title="Vistula">Vistula</a> and cities of the region. Polish partisans planned to defend the Vistula bridges, and armament factories in <a href="/wiki/Starachowice" title="Starachowice">Starachowice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skar%C5%BCysko-Kamienna" title="Skarżysko-Kamienna">Skarżysko-Kamienna</a>. </p><p>After the Red Army had managed to cross the Vistula and capture bridgeheads at <a href="/wiki/Sandomierz" title="Sandomierz">Sandomierz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magnuszew" title="Magnuszew">Magnuszew</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Lublin%E2%80%93Brest_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lublin–Brest Offensive">Lublin–Brest Offensive</a>), Home Army got in touch with the Soviets, and began cooperating with them. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Kozienice" title="Kozienice">Kozienice</a> and Sandomierz, Polish units supported the advancing Soviets: on the night of July 31 / August 1, 1944, a German counterattack was halted by the Polish 2nd Infantry Regiment of Captain Michal Mandziara, which helped the Soviets keep their positions in the Sandomierz Bridgehead. On August 3, Polish and Soviet forces liberated <a href="/wiki/Stasz%C3%B3w" title="Staszów">Staszów</a>; in the following days, Poles, helped by Soviet tanks, captured <a href="/wiki/Stopnica" title="Stopnica">Stopnica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Busko" class="mw-redirect" title="Busko">Busko</a>. </p><p>On August 14, 1944, General <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_B%C3%B3r-Komorowski" title="Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski">Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski</a> ordered all units of the Kielce – Radom area to march towards Warsaw and join the Warsaw Uprising. Operation Revenge, as it was called, resulted in the creation of Kielce Corps of the Home Army, under Colonel Jan Zientarski, with 6,430 soldiers. On August 21, during its concentration, the Corps saved residents of the village of Antoniów, which was raided by Germans. </p><p>Even though Kielce Corps began its march towards Warsaw, it did not reach the Polish capital. After careful analysis of German forces concentrated around Warsaw, Home Army leaders decided to halt the operation, as it was too risky. Poles did not have heavy weapons and tanks to face the enemy on equal terms. Operation Revenge was abandoned, and the Corps was dissolved. </p><p>In early September 1944, local units of the Home Army planned to capture either Kielce or Radom, also there were plans to seize <a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa" title="Częstochowa">Częstochowa</a> and Skarzysko. 7th Infantry Division was transferred westwards, to the area of Częstochowa. 2nd Infantry remained near Kielce, actively fighting the enemy until November. In late October 1944, Operation Tempest was cancelled. All units were dissolved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Łódź"><span id=".C5.81.C3.B3d.C5.BA"></span>Łódź</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Łódź"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Operation Tempest in the area of the city of <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a> took place in summer and autumn of 1944, lasting from August 14 until November 26. Local Home Army mobilized here several units, such as the 25th Infantry Regiment under Major Rudolf Majewski. This regiment was stationed in forests near <a href="/wiki/Przysucha" title="Przysucha">Przysucha</a>: in August 1944, it carried out a number of attacks on German forces, destroying rail lines. The last battle of the 25th regiment took place on November 8, all together it lost 130 men. </p><p>Among other units was 29th Kaniow Rifles Regiment, which operated near <a href="/wiki/Brzeziny" class="mw-redirect" title="Brzeziny">Brzeziny</a>. On September 14, it captured a German warehouse at the station of <a href="/wiki/S%C5%82otwiny,_%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Voivodeship" title="Słotwiny, Łódź Voivodeship">Słotwiny</a> near <a href="/wiki/Koluszki" title="Koluszki">Koluszki</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Outcome">Outcome</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Outcome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1Comp_obwSambor_inspecDrohobycz_Burza.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/1Comp_obwSambor_inspecDrohobycz_Burza.jpg/250px-1Comp_obwSambor_inspecDrohobycz_Burza.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d1/1Comp_obwSambor_inspecDrohobycz_Burza.jpg/375px-1Comp_obwSambor_inspecDrohobycz_Burza.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d1/1Comp_obwSambor_inspecDrohobycz_Burza.jpg 2x" data-file-width="376" data-file-height="264" /></a><figcaption>1st company of <a href="/wiki/Samborzec" title="Samborzec">Sambor</a> command of <a href="/wiki/Drohobycz" class="mw-redirect" title="Drohobycz">Drohobycz</a> Armia Krajowa inspectorate during Operation Tempest</figcaption></figure> <p>The Germans' suppression of the Warsaw Uprising, in the absence of Soviet assistance to the insurgents, marked the end of Operation Tempest. In military terms it was a success, in political terms a defeat.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Red Army, with the NKVD following the Polish forces, soon showed its real colours. Almost half of the Polish soldiers who took part in Operation Tempest were arrested. They were forcibly conscripted into Berling's army, deported deep into Russia, or simply murdered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish_government_in_exile" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish government in exile">Polish government in exile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">History of Poland (1939–1945)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_contribution_to_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish contribution to World War II">Polish contribution to World War II</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jan. M. Ciechanowski. The Warsaw Rising of 1944. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. London. 1974. p.9</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz_Borodziej" title="Włodzimierz Borodziej">Włodzimierz Borodziej</a>, Barbara Harshav (transl.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YHO0F65ifDIC&pg=PA55">The Warsaw uprising of 1944.</a> University of Wisconsin Press, 2006.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://odk.pl/akcja-burza,16850.html">"Akcja Burza"</a>. Księgarnia Odkrywcy.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Akcja+Burza&rft.pub=Ksi%C4%99garnia+Odkrywcy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fodk.pl%2Fakcja-burza%2C16850.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOperation+Tempest" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080601102331/http://wilk.wpk.p.lodz.pl/~whatfor/armia_krajowa.htm">Armia Krajowa: Komendanci, Struktury, Zadania.</a> Internet Archive.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415001413/http://www.sp11.nowytarg.pl/sp11/module.php?show=patron">Armia Krajowa. Overview.</a> Szkoła im. Żołnierzy AK. Internet Archive.</li> <li>Marek Ney-Krwawicz, <i>Armia Krajowa. Szkic Historyczny</i>, Wydawnictwo Ars Print Production, Warszawa, 1999, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-87224-17-0" title="Special:BookSources/83-87224-17-0">83-87224-17-0</a></li> <li>Wojciech Roszkowski, <i>Najnowsza historia Polski 1914–1945</i>, Świat Książki, Warszawa, 2003, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-7311-991-4" title="Special:BookSources/83-7311-991-4">83-7311-991-4</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_War_II" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_War_II" title="Template:World War II"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_War_II" title="Template talk:World War II"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_War_II" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World War II"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_War_II" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_World_War_II" title="Outline of World War II">Outline</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_battles" title="List of World War II battles">Battles</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_military_operations" title="List of World War II military operations">Operations</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Leaders</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Allied leaders of World War II">Allied</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Axis_leaders_of_World_War_II" title="Axis leaders of World War II">Axis</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Commanders_of_World_War_II" title="Commanders of World War II">Commanders</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_casualties" title="World War II casualties">Casualties</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Allied_World_War_II_conferences" title="List of Allied World War II conferences">Conferences</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_topics" title="Lists of World War II topics">Topics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Air_warfare_of_World_War_II" title="Air warfare of World War II">Air warfare of World War II</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_air_operations_during_the_Battle_of_Europe" title="List of air operations during the Battle of Europe">In Europe</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comparative_officer_ranks_of_World_War_II" title="Comparative officer ranks of World War II">Comparative military ranks</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_cryptography" title="World War II cryptography">Cryptography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_II" title="Declarations of war during World War II">Declarations of war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_II" title="Diplomatic history of World War II">Diplomacy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_governments_in_exile_during_World_War_II" title="List of governments in exile during World War II">Governments in exile</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Home front during World War II">Home front</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Australian_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="Australian home front during World War II">Australian</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United Kingdom home front during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">United States</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Project" title="Manhattan Project">Manhattan Project</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_contribution_to_the_Manhattan_Project" title="British contribution to the Manhattan Project">British contribution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_awards_and_decorations_of_World_War_II" title="List of military awards and decorations of World War II">Military awards</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_World_War_II_military_equipment" title="Lists of World War II military equipment">Military equipment</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_production_during_World_War_II" title="Military production during World War II">Military production</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_World_War_II" title="Naval history of World War II">Naval history</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_plunder" title="Nazi plunder">Nazi plunder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_World_War_II" title="Opposition to World War II">Opposition</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Technology_during_World_War_II" title="Technology during World War II">Technology</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied cooperation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_harbour" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry harbour">Mulberry harbour</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Total_war#World_War_II" title="Total war">Total war</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_II" title="Strategic bombing during World War II">Strategic bombing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_War_II_puppet_states" title="List of World War II puppet states">Puppet states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_World_War_II" title="Women in World War II">Women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Art_and_World_War_II" title="Art and World War II">Art and World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Music_in_World_War_II" title="Music in World War II">Music in World War II</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Weather_events_during_wars#World_War_II" title="Weather events during wars">Weather events during World War II</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_theaters_and_campaigns_of_World_War_II" title="List of theaters and campaigns of World War II">Theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asiatic-Pacific_theater" title="Asiatic-Pacific theater">Asia and Pacific</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean_theater_of_World_War_II" title="Pacific Ocean theater of World War II">North and Central Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_West_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South West Pacific theatre of World War II">South-West Pacific</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_in_World_War_II" title="Indian Ocean in World War II">Indian Ocean</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Western Front (World War II)">Western Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean and Middle East</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/North_African_campaign" title="North African campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italy</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Atlantic</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Timeline of the Battle of the Atlantic">timeline</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/American_Theater_(World_War_II)" class="mw-redirect" title="American Theater (World War II)">Americas</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_World_War_II" title="Aftermath of World War II">Aftermath</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Decolonization" title="Decolonization">Decolonization</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Division_of_Korea" title="Division of Korea">Division of Korea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Indochina_War" title="First Indochina War">First Indochina War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flight_and_expulsion_of_Germans_(1944%E2%80%931950)" title="Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–1950)">Expulsion of Germans</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_Civil_War" title="Greek Civil War">Greek Civil War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_National_Revolution" title="Indonesian National Revolution">Indonesian National Revolution</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Keelhaul" title="Operation Keelhaul"><i>Keelhaul</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Plan" title="Marshall Plan">Marshall Plan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied-occupied_Germany" title="Allied-occupied Germany">Occupation of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Osoaviakhim" title="Operation Osoaviakhim"><i>Osoaviakhim</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip"><i>Paperclip</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_occupations_by_the_Soviet_Union" title="Military occupations by the Soviet Union">Soviet occupations</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Hungary–Soviet Union relations">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_People%27s_Republic" title="Polish People's Republic">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Romania" title="Soviet occupation of Romania">Romania</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Oder%E2%80%93Neisse_line" title="Oder–Neisse line">Territorial changes of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Final_Settlement_with_Respect_to_Germany" title="Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany">Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_in_World_War_II" title="War crimes in World War II">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_war_crimes_during_World_War_II" title="Allied war crimes during World War II">Allied war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="Soviet war crimes">Soviet war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="British war crimes">British war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/United_States_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="United States war crimes">United States war crimes</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_war_crimes#World_War_II" title="German war crimes">German war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Forced_labour_under_German_rule_during_World_War_II" title="Forced labour under German rule during World War II">forced labour</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/War_crimes_of_the_Wehrmacht" title="War crimes of the Wehrmacht">Wehrmacht war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Holocaust" title="Aftermath of the Holocaust">Aftermath</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_response_to_the_Holocaust" title="International response to the Holocaust">Response</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_trials" title="Nuremberg trials">Nuremberg trials</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_war_crimes" title="Italian war crimes">Italian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_war_crimes" title="Japanese war crimes">Japanese war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nanjing_Massacre" title="Nanjing Massacre">Nanjing Massacre</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Unit_731" title="Unit 731">Unit 731</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/International_Military_Tribunal_for_the_Far_East" title="International Military Tribunal for the Far East">Prosecution</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Usta%C5%A1e" title="Ustaše">Croatian war crimes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Genocide_of_Serbs_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Genocide of Serbs in the Independent State of Croatia">Genocide of Serbs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_the_Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="The Holocaust in the Independent State of Croatia">Persecution of Jews</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania#The_Holocaust" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romanian war crimes</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Sexual violence</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_military_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German military brothels in World War II">German military brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_camp_brothels_in_World_War_II" title="German camp brothels in World War II">Camp brothels</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Germany" title="Rape during the occupation of Germany">Rape during the occupation of Germany</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_occupation_of_Japan" title="Rape during the occupation of Japan">Japan</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_Soviet_occupation_of_Poland" title="Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_France" title="Rape during the liberation of France">Rape during the liberation of France</a>  /  <a href="/wiki/Rape_during_the_liberation_of_Serbia" title="Rape during the liberation of Serbia">Serbia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sook_Ching" title="Sook Ching">Sook Ching</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Comfort_women" title="Comfort women">Comfort women</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manila_massacre#Mass_rapes" title="Manila massacre">Rape of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marocchinate" title="Marocchinate">Marocchinate</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_by_country" title="World War II by country">Participants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_in_World_War_II" title="Algeria in World War II">Algeria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Australia during World War II">Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgium_in_World_War_II" title="Belgium in World War II">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brazil_in_World_War_II" title="Brazil in World War II">Brazil</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Bulgarian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Bulgarian coup d'état">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Canada_in_World_War_II" title="Canada in World War II">Canada</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cuba_during_World_War_II" title="Cuba during World War II">Cuba</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denmark_in_World_War_II" title="Denmark in World War II">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eswatini_in_World_War_II" title="Eswatini in World War II">Eswatini</a> (formerly Swaziland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">from September 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/France_during_World_War_II" title="France during World War II">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_France" title="Free France">Free France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Greece_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Greece during World War II">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/India_in_World_War_II" title="India in World War II">India</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Co-belligerent_Army" title="Italian Co-belligerent Army">Italy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Civil_War" title="Italian Civil War">from September 1943</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_in_World_War_II" title="Luxembourg in World War II">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_during_World_War_II" title="Mexico during World War II">Mexico</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Netherlands_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Netherlands during World War II">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Newfoundland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Newfoundland during World War II">Newfoundland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_New_Zealand_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of New Zealand during World War II">New Zealand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Philippines_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the Philippines during World War II">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (<a href="/wiki/1944_Romanian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1944 Romanian coup d'état">from August 1944</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_in_World_War_II" title="Sierra Leone in World War II">Sierra Leone</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_South_Africa_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of South Africa during World War II">South Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia_in_World_War_II" title="Southern Rhodesia in World War II">Southern Rhodesia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union_in_World_War_II" title="Soviet Union in World War II">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tuva_in_World_War_II" title="Tuva in World War II">Tuva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United Kingdom during World War II">United Kingdom</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_in_World_War_II" title="British Empire in World War II">British Empire</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">United States</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Ricans_in_World_War_II" title="Puerto Ricans in World War II">Puerto Rico</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Yugoslavia" title="World War II in Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_protectorate_of_Albania_(1939%E2%80%931943)" title="Italian protectorate of Albania (1939–1943)">Albania protectorate</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgaria during World War II">Bulgaria</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Wang_Jingwei_regime" title="Wang Jingwei regime">Wang Jingwei regime</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Independent_State_of_Croatia" title="Independent State of Croatia">Independent State of Croatia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finland_in_World_War_II" title="Finland in World War II">Finland</a> (until September 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German Reich</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hungary_in_World_War_II" title="Hungary in World War II">Hungary</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Azad_Hind" title="Azad Hind">Azad Hind</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Indochina_in_World_War_II" title="French Indochina in World War II">French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Iraq</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Italy during World War II">Italy</a> (until September 1943)</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Philippine_Republic" title="Second Philippine Republic">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romania_in_World_War_II" title="Romania in World War II">Romania</a> (until August 1944)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Republic_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="Slovak Republic (1939–1945)">Slovak Republic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thailand_in_World_War_II" title="Thailand in World War II">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Template:Collaboration_with_Axis_Powers" title="Template:Collaboration with Axis Powers">Collaboration</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Neutral_powers_during_World_War_II" title="Neutral powers during World War II">Neutral</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Afghanistan" title="Kingdom of Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Andorra#20th_and_21st_centuries" title="History of Andorra">Andorra</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bhutan" title="Bhutan">Bhutan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Irish_neutrality_during_World_War_II" title="Irish neutrality during World War II">Ireland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_in_World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Liechtenstein in World War II">Liechtenstein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Portugal_during_World_War_II" title="Portugal during World War II">Portugal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spain_during_World_War_II" title="Spain during World War II">Spain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II" title="Sweden during World War II">Sweden</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Switzerland_during_the_World_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Switzerland during the World Wars">Switzerland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibet</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vatican_City_during_World_War_II" title="Vatican City during World War II">Vatican City</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance during World War II">Resistance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_in_Albania" title="World War II in Albania">Albania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Austrian_resistance" title="Austrian resistance">Austria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Resistance" title="Belgian Resistance">Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_resistance_movement_during_World_War_II" title="Bulgarian resistance movement during World War II">Bulgaria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_the_Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia" title="Resistance in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia">Czech lands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Danish_resistance_movement" title="Danish resistance movement">Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Dutch_East_Indies#Underground_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_anti-German_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931944" title="Estonian anti-German resistance movement 1941–1944">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arbegnoch" title="Arbegnoch">Ethiopia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_Resistance" title="French Resistance">France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_resistance_to_Nazism" title="German resistance to Nazism">Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greek_resistance" title="Greek resistance">Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Hong_Kong#Anti-Japanese_resistance" title="Japanese occupation of Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_resistance_movement" title="Italian resistance movement">Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Political_dissidence_in_the_Empire_of_Japan#Dissidence_during_World_War_II" title="Political dissidence in the Empire of Japan">Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_resistance_in_German-occupied_Europe" title="Jewish resistance in German-occupied Europe">Jews</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Liberation_Army" title="Korean Liberation Army">Korean Liberation Army</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Korean_Volunteer_Army" title="Korean Volunteer Army">Korean Volunteer Army</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvian_anti-Nazi_resistance_movement_1941%E2%80%931945" title="Latvian anti-Nazi resistance movement 1941–1945">Latvia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Resistance_in_Lithuania_during_World_War_II" title="Resistance in Lithuania during World War II">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_Resistance" title="Luxembourg Resistance">Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_Peoples%27_Anti-Japanese_Army" title="Malayan Peoples' Anti-Japanese Army">Malaya</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_resistance" title="Dutch resistance">Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Anti-Japanese_United_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Northeast Anti-Japanese United Army">Northeast China</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_resistance_movement" title="Norwegian resistance movement">Norway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_resistance_against_Japan" title="Philippine resistance against Japan">Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_anti-communist_resistance_movement" title="Romanian anti-communist resistance movement">Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Free_Thai_Movement" title="Free Thai Movement">Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_National_Uprising" title="Slovak National Uprising">Slovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Vietnam</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vi%E1%BB%87t_Nam_Qu%E1%BB%91c_D%C3%A2n_%C4%90%E1%BA%A3ng" title="Việt Nam Quốc Dân Đảng">Quốc dân Đảng</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Viet_Minh" title="Viet Minh">Viet Minh</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Partisans" title="Yugoslav Partisans">Yugoslavia</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">German prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="German prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_Azerbaijan" title="German prisoners of war in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">United States</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="German prisoners of war in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Italian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="Japanese prisoners of war in World War II">Japanese prisoners</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Japanese prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Polish_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Polish prisoners of war">German atrocities against Polish POWs</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Soviet prisoners</span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_prisoners_of_war_in_Finland" title="Soviet prisoners of war in Finland">Finland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_atrocities_committed_against_Soviet_prisoners_of_war" title="German atrocities committed against Soviet prisoners of war">atrocities by Germans</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polish_prisoners-of-war_in_the_Soviet_Union_after_1939" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish prisoners-of-war in the Soviet Union after 1939">Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Romanian prisoners of war in the Soviet Union">Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_timelines_of_World_War_II" title="List of timelines of World War II">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Prelude" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Causes_of_World_War_II" title="Causes of World War II">Prelude</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Abyssinia_Crisis" title="Abyssinia Crisis">Africa</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War" title="Second Italo-Ethiopian War">Second Italo-Ethiopian War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="Events preceding World War II in Asia">Asia</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battles_of_Khalkhin_Gol" title="Battles of Khalkhin Gol">Battles of Khalkhin Gol</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Events_preceding_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="Events preceding World War II in Europe">Europe</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anschluss" title="Anschluss">Anschluss</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Munich_Agreement" title="Munich Agreement">Munich Agreement</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Czechoslovakia_(1938%E2%80%931945)" title="Occupation of Czechoslovakia (1938–1945)">Occupation of Czechoslovakia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Himmler" title="Operation Himmler">Operation Himmler</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">Italian invasion of Albania</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1939)" title="Timeline of World War II (1939)">1939</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic" title="Battle of the Atlantic">Battle of the Atlantic</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phoney_War" title="Phoney War">Phoney War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1939)" title="Battle of Changsha (1939)">First Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Guangxi" title="Battle of South Guangxi">Battle of South Guangxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Winter_War" title="Winter War">Winter War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%931940_Winter_Offensive" title="1939–1940 Winter Offensive">1939–1940 Winter Offensive</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1940)" title="Timeline of World War II (1940)">1940</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_campaign" title="Norwegian campaign">Norwegian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Denmark_(1940)" title="German invasion of Denmark (1940)">German invasion of Denmark</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Zaoyang%E2%80%93Yichang" title="Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang">Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Luxembourg" title="German invasion of Luxembourg">German invasion of Luxembourg</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_the_Netherlands" title="German invasion of the Netherlands">German invasion of the Netherlands</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1940)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1940)">German invasion of Belgium</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_France" title="Battle of France">Battle of France</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_evacuation" title="Dunkirk evacuation">Dunkirk evacuation</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Mediterranean" title="Battle of the Mediterranean">Battle of the Mediterranean</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Desert_campaign" title="Western Desert campaign">North Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/French_West_Africa_in_World_War_II" title="French West Africa in World War II">West Africa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_British_Somaliland" title="Italian invasion of British Somaliland">British Somaliland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Regiments_Offensive" title="Hundred Regiments Offensive">Hundred Regiments Offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states" title="Occupation of the Baltic states">Baltic states</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_occupation_of_Bessarabia_and_Northern_Bukovina" title="Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_French_Indochina" title="Japanese invasion of French Indochina">Japanese invasion of French Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greco-Italian_War" title="Greco-Italian War">Italian invasion of Greece</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Compass" title="Operation Compass">Compass</a></i></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1941)" title="Timeline of World War II (1941)">1941</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Henan" title="Battle of South Henan">Battle of South Henan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shanggao" title="Battle of Shanggao">Battle of Shanggao</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Yugoslavia" title="Invasion of Yugoslavia">Invasion of Yugoslavia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Greece" title="German invasion of Greece">German invasion of Greece</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crete" title="Battle of Crete">Battle of Crete</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Iraqi_War" title="Anglo-Iraqi War">Anglo-Iraqi War</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_South_Shanxi" title="Battle of South Shanxi">Battle of South Shanxi</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syria%E2%80%93Lebanon_campaign" title="Syria–Lebanon campaign">Syria–Lebanon campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_African_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="East African campaign (World War II)">East African campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Invasion of the Soviet Union</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Summer_War" title="Summer War">Summer War</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Continuation_War" title="Continuation War">Finland</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Operation_Silver_Fox" title="Operation Silver Fox">Silver Fox</a></i>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/June_Uprising_in_Lithuania" title="June Uprising in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1941)" title="Battle of Kiev (1941)">Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Soviet_invasion_of_Iran" title="Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran">Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941)">Second Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad" title="Siege of Leningrad">Siege of Leningrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Moscow" title="Battle of Moscow">Battle of Moscow</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Sevastopol_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Siege of Sevastopol (1941–1942)">Siege of Sevastopol</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">Attack on Pearl Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Thailand" title="Japanese invasion of Thailand">Japanese invasion of Thailand</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hong_Kong" title="Battle of Hong Kong">Fall of Hong Kong</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Philippines campaign (1941–1942)">Fall of the Philippines</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1941)" title="Battle of Guam (1941)">Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Wake_Island" title="Battle of Wake Island">Battle of Wake Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Malayan_campaign" title="Malayan campaign">Malayan campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borneo_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Borneo (1941–1942)">Battle of Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_invasion_of_Burma" title="Japanese invasion of Burma">Japanese invasion of Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changsha_(1941%E2%80%931942)" title="Battle of Changsha (1941–1942)">Third Battle of Changsha</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Great_Famine_(Greece)" title="Great Famine (Greece)">Greek famine of 1941–1944</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1942)" title="Timeline of World War II (1942)">1942</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Singapore" title="Fall of Singapore">Fall of Singapore</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Java_Sea" title="Battle of the Java Sea">Battle of the Java Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/St_Nazaire_Raid" title="St Nazaire Raid">St Nazaire Raid</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Christmas_Island" title="Battle of Christmas Island">Battle of Christmas Island</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Coral_Sea" title="Battle of the Coral Sea">Battle of the Coral Sea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Madagascar" title="Battle of Madagascar">Battle of Madagascar</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Zhejiang-Jiangxi_campaign" title="Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign">Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Gazala" title="Battle of Gazala">Battle of Gazala</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dutch_Harbor" title="Battle of Dutch Harbor">Battle of Dutch Harbor</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Midway" title="Battle of Midway">Battle of Midway</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aleutian_Islands_campaign" title="Aleutian Islands campaign">Aleutian Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Kiska" title="Japanese occupation of Kiska">Kiska</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Attu" title="Japanese occupation of Attu"> Attu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Case_Blue" title="Case Blue">Blue</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="First Battle of El Alamein">First Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Stalingrad" title="Battle of Stalingrad">Battle of Stalingrad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kokoda_Track_campaign" title="Kokoda Track campaign">Kokoda Track campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rzhev,_summer_1942" title="Battle of Rzhev, summer 1942">Rzhev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><i><a href="/wiki/Dieppe_Raid" title="Dieppe Raid">Jubilee</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein" title="Second Battle of El Alamein">Second Battle of El Alamein</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Guadalcanal_campaign" title="Guadalcanal campaign">Guadalcanal campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Torch" title="Operation Torch"><i>Torch</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_famine_of_1942%E2%80%931943" title="Chinese famine of 1942–1943">Chinese famine of 1942–1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1943)" title="Timeline of World War II (1943)">1943</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Black_May_(1943)" title="Black May (1943)">Black May</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_campaign" title="Tunisian campaign">Tunisian campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hubei" title="Battle of West Hubei">Battle of West Hubei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Attu" title="Battle of Attu">Battle of Attu</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Gorky_in_World_War_II#June_1943" title="Bombing of Gorky in World War II">Bombing of Gorky</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kursk" title="Battle of Kursk">Battle of Kursk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Sicily" title="Allied invasion of Sicily">Allied invasion of Sicily</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_operation" title="Smolensk operation">Smolensk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Islands_campaign" title="Solomon Islands campaign">Solomon Islands campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Cottage" title="Operation Cottage"><i>Cottage</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dnieper" title="Battle of the Dnieper">Battle of the Dnieper</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_invasion_of_Italy" title="Allied invasion of Italy">Allied invasion of Italy</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Armistice_of_Cassibile" title="Armistice of Cassibile">Armistice of Cassibile</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign" title="Burma campaign">Burma</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northern_Burma_and_Western_Yunnan" title="Battle of Northern Burma and Western Yunnan">Northern Burma and Western Yunnan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Changde" title="Battle of Changde">Changde</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kiev_(1943)" title="Battle of Kiev (1943)">Second Battle of Kiev</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_and_Marshall_Islands_campaign" title="Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign">Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tarawa" title="Battle of Tarawa">Tarawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Makin" title="Battle of Makin">Makin</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943" title="Bengal famine of 1943">Bengal famine of 1943</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1944)" title="Timeline of World War II (1944)">1944</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Tempest</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Monte_Cassino" title="Battle of Monte Cassino">Monte Cassino</a> / <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Anzio" title="Battle of Anzio">Anzio</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Korsun%E2%80%93Cherkassy" title="Battle of Korsun–Cherkassy">Korsun–Cherkassy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Narva_(1944)" title="Battle of Narva (1944)">Narva</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ichi-Go" title="Operation Ichi-Go"><i>Ichi-Go</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord"><i>Overlord</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Normandy_landings" title="Normandy landings"><i>Neptune</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mariana_and_Palau_Islands_campaign" title="Mariana and Palau Islands campaign">Mariana and Palau</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bagration" title="Operation Bagration"><i>Bagration</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lvov%E2%80%93Sandomierz_offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Lvov–Sandomierz offensive">Western Ukraine</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Guam_(1944)" title="Battle of Guam (1944)">Second Battle of Guam</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Tannenberg_Line" title="Battle of Tannenberg Line">Tannenberg Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Jassy%E2%80%93Kishinev_offensive" title="Second Jassy–Kishinev offensive">Eastern Romania</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Paris" title="Liberation of Paris">Liberation of Paris</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Dragoon" title="Operation Dragoon"><i>Dragoon</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Line" title="Gothic Line">Gothic Line</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Belgrade_offensive" title="Belgrade offensive">Belgrade offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lapland_War" title="Lapland War">Lapland</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Market_Garden" title="Operation Market Garden"><i>Market Garden</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tallinn_offensive" title="Tallinn offensive">Estonia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow"><i>Crossbow</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Combined_Bomber_Offensive" title="Combined Bomber Offensive"><i>Pointblank</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945">Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippines_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Philippines campaign (1944–1945)">Philippines (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leyte_Gulf" title="Battle of Leyte Gulf">Leyte</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Syrmian_Front" title="Syrmian Front">Syrmian Front</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Budapest_offensive" title="Budapest offensive">Hungary</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Budapest" title="Siege of Budapest">Budapest</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Burma_campaign_(1944%E2%80%931945)" title="Burma campaign (1944–1945)">Burma (1944–1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bulge" title="Battle of the Bulge">Ardennes</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Operation_Bodenplatte" title="Operation Bodenplatte"><i>Bodenplatte</i></a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_famine_of_1944%E2%80%931945" title="Dutch famine of 1944–1945">Dutch famine of 1944–1945</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_World_War_II_(1945%E2%80%931991)" title="Timeline of World War II (1945–1991)">1945</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vistula%E2%80%93Oder_offensive" title="Vistula–Oder offensive">Vistula–Oder</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Manila_(1945)" title="Battle of Manila (1945)">Battle of Manila</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Battle of Iwo Jima">Battle of Iwo Jima</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_in_French_Indochina" title="Japanese coup d'état in French Indochina">Indochina</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Vienna_offensive" title="Vienna offensive">Vienna offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Project_Hula" title="Project Hula">Project Hula</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Western_Allied_invasion_of_Germany" title="Western Allied invasion of Germany">Western invasion of Germany</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bratislava%E2%80%93Brno_offensive" title="Bratislava–Brno offensive">Bratislava–Brno offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa" title="Battle of Okinawa">Battle of Okinawa</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Second_Guangxi_campaign" title="Second Guangxi campaign">Second Guangxi campaign</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_West_Hunan" title="Battle of West Hunan">West Hunan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Spring_1945_offensive_in_Italy" title="Spring 1945 offensive in Italy">Italy (Spring 1945)</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berlin" title="Battle of Berlin">Battle of Berlin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Prague_offensive" title="Prague offensive">Prague offensive</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Europe" title="End of World War II in Europe">Surrender of Germany</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/German_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="German Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Borneo_campaign" title="Borneo campaign">Borneo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_Taipei" title="Raid on Taipei">Taipei</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Allied_naval_bombardments_of_Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Allied naval bombardments of Japan during World War II">Naval bombardment of Japan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_Manchuria" title="Soviet invasion of Manchuria">Manchuria</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Atomic bombings</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Debate_over_the_atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki" title="Debate over the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki">Debate</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Soviet_invasion_of_South_Sakhalin" title="Soviet invasion of South Sakhalin">South Sakhalin</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Kuril_Islands" title="Invasion of the Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Shumshu" title="Battle of Shumshu">Shumshu</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Japan" title="Surrender of Japan">Surrender of Japan</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Potsdam_Declaration" title="Potsdam Declaration">Potsdam Declaration</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Instrument_of_Surrender" title="Japanese Instrument of Surrender">document</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/End_of_World_War_II_in_Asia" title="End of World War II in Asia">End of World War II in Asia</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/16px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/24px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg/32px-The_Earth_seen_from_Apollo_17.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="3002" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:World" title="Portal:World">World portal</a></b></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_World_War_II" title="Bibliography of World War II">Bibliography</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II" title="Category:World War II">Category</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish_uprisings" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_uprisings" title="Template:Polish uprisings"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_uprisings" title="Template talk:Polish uprisings"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_uprisings" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish uprisings"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish_uprisings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Polish uprisings</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom of Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pagan_reaction_in_Poland" title="Pagan reaction in Poland">1038 Peasant Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lizard_Union_(medieval)" title="Lizard Union (medieval)">Lizard Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prussian_Confederation" title="Prussian Confederation">Prussian Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicken_War" title="Chicken War">Chicken War</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="January Uprising of 1863"><img alt="January Uprising of 1863" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg/70px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg/105px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg/140px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_January_Uprising.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="406" data-file-height="612" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaga_PPP.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Warsaw Uprising of 1944"><img alt="Warsaw Uprising of 1944" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/70px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/105px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/140px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="17th-century" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski</a> (1609)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky</a> (1648–1657)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostka-Napierski_uprising" title="Kostka-Napierski uprising">Kostka-Napierski</a> (1651)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyszowce_Confederation" title="Tyszowce Confederation">Tyszowce Confederation</a> (1655)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lubomirski%27s_rebellion" title="Lubomirski's rebellion">Lubomirski</a> (1665–1666)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th-century</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82uck_Confederation" title="Słuck Confederation">Słuck Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radom_Confederation" title="Radom Confederation">Radom Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targowica_Confederation" title="Targowica Confederation">Targowica Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising_(1794)" title="Warsaw Uprising (1794)">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1794)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1794)">1794 Greater Poland uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">After the <a href="/wiki/Partitions_of_Poland" title="Partitions of Poland">partitions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denisko_uprising" title="Denisko uprising">Denisko uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1806)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1806)">1806 Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1846)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1846)">1846 Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_uprising" title="Kraków uprising">Kraków uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_slaughter" class="mw-redirect" title="Galician slaughter">Galician slaughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Poland uprising (1848)">1848 Greater Poland uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uprising_of_Polish_political_exiles_in_Siberia" class="mw-redirect" title="Uprising of Polish political exiles in Siberia">Baikal insurrection 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_insurrection" title="Łódź insurrection">Łódź insurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_in_the_Kingdom_of_Poland_(1905%E2%80%931907)" title="Revolution in the Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)">Kingdom of Poland (1905–1907)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lemberg_(1918)" title="Battle of Lemberg (1918)">Battle of Lemberg (1918)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejny_Uprising" title="Sejny Uprising">Sejny Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Uprisings" title="Silesian Uprisings">Silesian Uprisings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czortk%C3%B3w_uprising" title="Czortków uprising">Czortków uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87_uprising" title="Zamość uprising">Zamość uprising</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ghetto_uprisings" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ghetto uprisings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto uprising">Białystok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto_uprising" title="Częstochowa Ghetto uprising">Częstochowa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Tempest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Operation Ostra Brama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_Uprising" title="Lwów Uprising">Lwów Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w_Uprising_(1944)" title="Kraków Uprising (1944)">Kraków Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Polish_wars_and_conflicts" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Template talk:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Polish_wars_and_conflicts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Polish wars and conflicts"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Polish_wars_and_conflicts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Poland" title="List of wars involving Poland">Polish wars and conflicts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">General and related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Polish_Army" title="History of the Polish Army">History of the Polish Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Polish_intelligence_services" title="History of Polish intelligence services">History of Polish intelligence services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Poland" title="List of wars involving Poland">List of wars involving Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Military of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Armed_Forces" title="Polish Armed Forces">Polish Armed Forces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfare_in_Medieval_Poland" title="Warfare in Medieval Poland">Warfare in Medieval Poland</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/50px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/75px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg/100px-POL_Wojska_L%C4%85dowe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1061" /></a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/50px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/75px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg/100px-POL_Marynarka_Wojenna.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/50px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/75px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg/100px-POL_Wojska_Lotnicze.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="939" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Piast dynasty">Piast Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Veletian_War" title="Polish–Veletian War">Polish–Veletian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Cedynia" title="Battle of Cedynia">Battle of Cedynia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1003%E2%80%931018)" title="German–Polish War (1003–1018)">German–Polish War (1003–1018)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boles%C5%82aw_I%27s_intervention_in_the_Kievan_succession_crisis" title="Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis">Bolesław I's intervention in the Kievan succession crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German%E2%80%93Polish_War_(1028%E2%80%931031)" title="German–Polish War (1028–1031)">German–Polish War (1028–1031)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miec%C5%82aw%27s_Rebellion" title="Miecław's Rebellion">Miecław's Rebellion</a></li> <li>1072 war against <a href="/wiki/Bohemia" title="Bohemia">Bohemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_G%C5%82og%C3%B3w" title="Siege of Głogów">Siege of Głogów</a></li> <li>1146 war against Germany</li> <li>1156 war against Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia_Wars" title="Galicia–Volhynia Wars">Galicia–Volhynia Wars</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mongol invasions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="First Mongol invasion of Poland">First Mongol invasion of Poland (1240/41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Second Mongol invasion of Poland">Second Mongol invasion of Poland (1259/60)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Mongol_invasion_of_Poland" title="Third Mongol invasion of Poland">Third Mongol invasion of Poland (1287/88)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Legnica" title="Battle of Legnica">Battle of Legnica</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_the_Jagiellonian_dynasty" title="History of Poland during the Jagiellonian dynasty">Jagiellon Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Teutonic War">Polish–Teutonic wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teutonic_takeover_of_Danzig_(Gda%C5%84sk)" title="Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)">Teutonic takeover of Danzig (Gdańsk)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1326%E2%80%931332)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)">Polish–Teutonic War (1326–1332)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_P%C5%82owce" title="Battle of Płowce">Battle of Płowce</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian%E2%80%93Teutonic_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War">Great War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grunwald" title="Battle of Grunwald">Battle of Grunwald</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_War" title="Hunger War">Hunger War (1414)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollub_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Gollub War">Gollub War (1422)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1431%E2%80%931435)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)">Polish–Teutonic War (1431–1435)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Years%27_War_(1454%E2%80%931466)" title="Thirteen Years' War (1454–1466)">Thirteen Years' War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Priests_(Poland)" title="War of the Priests (Poland)">War of the Priests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Teutonic_War_(1519%E2%80%931521)" title="Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)">Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_the_White%27s_rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Władysław the White's rebellion">Władysław the White's rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Civil_War_(1432%E2%80%931438)" title="Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)">Lithuanian Civil War (1432–1438)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Grotniki" title="Battle of Grotniki">Battle of Grotniki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crusade_of_Varna" title="Crusade of Varna">1444 war against the Ottomans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Varna" title="Battle of Varna">Battle of Varna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_(1497%E2%80%931499)" title="Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)">Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscovite%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Wars" title="Muscovite–Lithuanian Wars">Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1512–1522)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Orsha" title="Battle of Orsha">Battle of Orsha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian%E2%80%93Muscovite_War_(1534%E2%80%931537)" title="Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)">Polish–Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1534–1537)</a></li> <li>Ottoman–Tatar Invasion of Lithuania and Poland</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Commonwealth</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish–Swedish wars">Polish–Swedish wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_War" title="Livonian War">Livonian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Livonian_campaign_of_Stephen_B%C3%A1thory" title="Livonian campaign of Stephen Báthory">campaign of Stephen Báthory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Seven_Years%27_War" title="Northern Seven Years' War">Northern Seven Years' War (1563–1570)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_against_Sigismund" title="War against Sigismund">War against Sigismund</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_St%C3%A5ngebro" title="Battle of Stångebro">Battle of Stångebro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1629)">Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1629</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1600%E2%80%931611)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1600–1611)">Polish–Swedish War of 1600–1611</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Kircholm" title="Battle of Kircholm">Battle of Kircholm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1617%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1617–1618)">Polish–Swedish War of 1617–1618</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1621%E2%80%931625)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1621–1625)">Polish–Swedish War of 1621–1625</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Swedish_War_(1626%E2%80%931629)" title="Polish–Swedish War (1626–1629)">Polish–Swedish War of 1626–1629</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_War_of_1655%E2%80%931660" title="Northern War of 1655–1660">Northern War of 1655–1660</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deluge_(history)" title="Deluge (history)">The Deluge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_War" title="Great Northern War">Great Northern War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danzig_rebellion" title="Danzig rebellion">Danzig rebellion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lubiesz%C3%B3w" title="Battle of Lubieszów">Battle of Lubieszów</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Danzig_(1577)" title="Siege of Danzig (1577)">Siege of Danzig (1577)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession_(1587%E2%80%931588)" title="War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)">War of the Polish Succession (1587–1588)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Byczyna" title="Battle of Byczyna">Battle of Byczyna</a></li></ul></li> <li>1589 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosi%C5%84ski_uprising" title="Kosiński uprising">Kosiński uprising</a></li> <li>1593 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nalyvaiko_Uprising" title="Nalyvaiko Uprising">Nalyvaiko Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_Magnate_Wars" title="Moldavian Magnate Wars">Moldavian Magnate Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_(1609%E2%80%931618)" title="Polish–Russian War (1609–1618)">Polish–Russian War of 1609–1618</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Klushino" title="Battle of Klushino">Battle of Kłuszyn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebrzydowski_rebellion" title="Zebrzydowski rebellion">Zebrzydowski rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Humenn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Humenné">Battle of Humenné</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_Wars" title="Polish–Ottoman Wars">Polish–Ottoman wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moldavian_campaign_(1497%E2%80%931499)" title="Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)">Moldavian campaign (1497–1499)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1620%E2%80%931621)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1620–1621)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1620–1621</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1621)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1621)">Battle of Chocim (1621)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1633%E2%80%931634)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1633–1634)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1633–1634</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Cossack%E2%80%93Tatar_War_(1666%E2%80%931671)" title="Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)">Polish–Cossack–Tatar War (1666–1671)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1672%E2%80%931676)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1672–1676)">Polish–Ottoman War of 1672–1676</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khotyn_(1673)" title="Battle of Khotyn (1673)">Battle of Chocim (1673)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Turkish_War" title="Great Turkish War">Great Turkish War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%931699)" title="Polish–Ottoman War (1683–1699)">War of the Holy League 1683–1699</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vienna" title="Battle of Vienna">Battle of Vienna</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1624 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhmaylo_uprising" title="Zhmaylo uprising">Zhmaylo uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fedorovych_uprising" title="Fedorovych uprising">Fedorovych uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smolensk_War" title="Smolensk War">Smolensk War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Smolensk_(1632%E2%80%931633)" title="Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)">Siege of Smolensk (1632–1633)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlyuk_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavlyuk uprising">Pavlyuk uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostryanyn_uprising" title="Ostryanyn uprising">Ostryanyn uprising</a></li> <li>1644 Tatar Invasion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Berestechko" title="Battle of Berestechko">Battle of Berestechko</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Polish_War_(1654%E2%80%931667)" title="Russo-Polish War (1654–1667)">Russo–Polish War of 1654–1667</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Polish_Succession" title="War of the Polish Succession">War of the Polish Succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_Confederation" title="Bar Confederation">War of the Bar Confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Russian_War_of_1792" title="Polish–Russian War of 1792">Polish–Russian War of 1792</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_Uprising" title="Kościuszko Uprising">Kościuszko Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1795%E2%80%931918)" title="History of Poland (1795–1918)">Poland partitioned</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denisko_uprising" title="Denisko uprising">Denisko uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">Prussian campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austro-Polish_War" title="Austro-Polish War">Austro-Polish War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1848)" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Poland uprising (1848)">Greater Poland uprising (1848)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Uprising" title="November Uprising">November Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_Uprising" title="January Uprising">January Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_during_World_War_I" title="History of Poland during World War I">fighting in Poland</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Czechoslovak_War" title="Polish–Czechoslovak War">Polish–Czechoslovak War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="First Silesian Uprising">First Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Warsaw_(1920)" title="Battle of Warsaw (1920)">Battle of Warsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiev_offensive_(1920)" title="Kiev offensive (1920)">Kiev offensive</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Silesian Uprising">Second Silesian Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Silesian_Uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Silesian Uprising">Third Silesian Uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">World War II in Poland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland" title="Invasion of Poland">Invasion of Poland</a></li> <li>Polish <a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1939%E2%80%931945)" title="History of Poland (1939–1945)">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II"> resistance</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Poland_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of Poland during World War II">contributions</a> during World War II</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ghetto_uprisings" title="Ghetto uprisings">Ghetto uprisings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82ystok_Ghetto_uprising" title="Białystok Ghetto uprising">Białystok Ghetto uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cz%C4%99stochowa_Ghetto_uprising" title="Częstochowa Ghetto uprising">Częstochowa Ghetto uprising</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_campaign_(World_War_II)" title="Italian campaign (World War II)">Italian Campaign</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Operation Tempest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Operation Ostra Brama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów uprising">Lwów uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%931989)" title="History of Poland (1945–1989)">People's Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz_Conflict" title="Racibórz Conflict">Racibórz Conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact_invasion_of_Czechoslovakia" title="Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia">Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Poland_(1989%E2%80%93present)" title="History of Poland (1989–present)">Third Republic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">Operation Uphold Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq" title="2003 invasion of Iraq">2003 invasion of Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Iraq_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Occupation of Iraq (2003–2011)">Occupation of Iraq</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War">Military aid to Ukraine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Home_Army_(Armia_Krajowa)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Army" title="Template:Home Army"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Army" title="Template talk:Home Army"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Army" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Army"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Home_Army_(Armia_Krajowa)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaga_PPP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army (<i>Armia Krajowa</i>)</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Main articles</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance movement in World War II</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polish_Underground_State" title="Polish Underground State">Polish Underground State</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Operations" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Army_Operations" title="Template:Home Army Operations"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Army_Operations" title="Template talk:Home Army Operations"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Army_Operations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Army Operations"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Operations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaga_PPP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> Operations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Uprisings and battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamo%C5%9B%C4%87_uprising" title="Zamość uprising">Zamość uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lw%C3%B3w_uprising" class="mw-redirect" title="Lwów uprising">Lwów uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Murowana_Oszmianka" title="Battle of Murowana Oszmianka">Murowana Oszmianka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Osuchy" title="Battle of Osuchy">Osuchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Ostra_Brama" title="Operation Ostra Brama">Ostra Brama</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tempest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Underground, field, <br /> and espionage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Arsenal" title="Operation Arsenal">Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Heads" title="Operation Heads">Heads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Kutschera" title="Operation Kutschera">Kutschera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Big_Ben" title="Project Big Ben">Project Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_B%C3%BCrkl" title="Operation Bürkl">Bürkl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Most_III" title="Operation Most III">Most III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Belt" title="Operation Belt">Operation Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Army_and_V-1_and_V-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Army and V-1 and V-2">V-1 and V-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Wieniec" title="Operation Wieniec">Wieniec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Propaganda</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biuletyn_Informacyjny" title="Biuletyn Informacyjny">Biuletyn Informacyjny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_N" title="Operation N">Operation N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Antyk" title="Operation Antyk">Operation Antyk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Directorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Civil_Resistance" title="Directorate of Civil Resistance">Civil Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Covert_Resistance" title="Directorate of Covert Resistance">Covert Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Underground_Resistance" title="Directorate of Underground Resistance">Underground Resistance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Political</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Republic_of_Pi%C5%84cz%C3%B3w" title="Second Republic of Pińczów">Republic of Pińczów</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Personnel,_emblems_and_decorations" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Army_Personnel" title="Template:Home Army Personnel"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Army_Personnel" title="Template talk:Home Army Personnel"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Army_Personnel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Army Personnel"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Personnel,_emblems_and_decorations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaga_PPP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> Personnel, emblems and decorations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa#Headquarters" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Commanders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski" class="mw-redirect" title="Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski">Michał Karaszewicz-Tokarzewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Rowecki" title="Stefan Rowecki">Stefan Rowecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_B%C3%B3r-Komorowski" title="Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski">Tadeusz Bór-Komorowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leopold_Okulicki" title="Leopold Okulicki">Leopold Okulicki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Senior officers and <br /> prominent members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Aleksandrowicz" title="Julian Aleksandrowicz">J. Aleksandrowicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Arkusz" title="Józef Arkusz">J.Arkusz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krzysztof_Kamil_Baczy%C5%84ski" title="Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński">K. K. Baczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C5%82adys%C5%82aw_Bartoszewski" title="Władysław Bartoszewski">W. Bartoszewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Batory" title="Józef Batory">J. Batory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Bia%C5%82ous" title="Ryszard Białous">R. Białous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82awomir_Maciej_Bittner" title="Sławomir Maciej Bittner">S. Bittner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciszek_B%C5%82a%C5%BCej" title="Franciszek Błażej">F. Błażej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoni_Bohdziewicz" title="Antoni Bohdziewicz">A. Bohdziewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Bokszczanin" title="Janusz Bokszczanin">J. Bokszczanin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylwester_Braun" title="Sylwester Braun">S. Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Gajcy" title="Tadeusz Gajcy">T. Gajcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryk_Lederman" title="Henryk Lederman">H. Lederman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Jankowski" title="Stanisław Jankowski">S. Jankowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Karpiel" title="Stanisław Karpiel">S. Karpiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Kierzkowski" title="Kazimierz Kierzkowski">K. Kierzkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Kostrzewska" title="Barbara Kostrzewska">B. Kostrzewska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halina_Krahelska" title="Halina Krahelska">H. Krahelska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksander_Krzy%C5%BCanowski" title="Aleksander Krzyżanowski">A. Krzyżanowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucjan_Kulej" title="Lucjan Kulej">L. Kulej</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Jan_Lerski" title="Jerzy Jan Lerski">J. J. Lerski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Mazurkiewicz" title="Jan Mazurkiewicz">J. Mazurkiewicz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wac%C5%82aw_Micuta" title="Wacław Micuta">W. Micuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazimierz_Moczarski" title="Kazimierz Moczarski">K. Moczarski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Nadolski" title="Andrzej Nadolski">A. Nadolski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Pe%C5%82czy%C5%84ski" title="Tadeusz Pełczyński">T. Pełczyński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adolf_Pilch" title="Adolf Pilch">A. Pilch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Pilecki" title="Witold Pilecki">W. Pilecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Reiff" title="Ryszard Reiff">R. Reiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zofia_Romanowiczowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Zofia Romanowiczowa">Z. Romanowiczowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Rumel" title="Zygmunt Rumel">Z. Rumel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Rutkowski" title="Jerzy Rutkowski">J. Rutkowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionizy_Smole%C5%84ski" title="Dionizy Smoleński">D. Smoleński</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Stelmachowski" title="Andrzej Stelmachowski">A. Stelmachowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryszard_Syski" title="Ryszard Syski">R. Syski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B3zef_Szczepa%C5%84ski" title="Józef Szczepański">J. Szczepański</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygmunt_Szendzielarz" title="Zygmunt Szendzielarz">Z. Szendzielarz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Szklarski" title="Alfred Szklarski">A. Szklarski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halina_Szwarc" title="Halina Szwarc">H. Szwarc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenia_Umi%C5%84ska" title="Eugenia Umińska">E. Umińska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_Zab%C5%82ocki" title="Janusz Zabłocki">J. Zabłocki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_Zakrzewska" title="Anna Zakrzewska">A. Zakrzewska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witold_Zalewski" title="Witold Zalewski">W. Zalewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Zamoyski_(1912%E2%80%932002)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jan Zamoyski (1912–2002)">J. Zamoyski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Zawadzki" title="Tadeusz Zawadzki">T. Zawadzki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_%C5%BBenczykowski" title="Tadeusz Żenczykowski">T. Żenczykowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miros%C5%82aw_%C5%BBu%C5%82awski" title="Mirosław Żuławski">M. Żuławski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_%C5%BBychiewicz" title="Tadeusz Żychiewicz">T. Żychiewicz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Membership lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Home_Army_members" title="Category:Home Army members">Armia Krajowa members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Warsaw_Uprising_insurgents" title="Category:Warsaw Uprising insurgents">Warsaw Uprising insurgents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Emblems and <br /> decorations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa Cross">Armia Krajowa Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotwica" title="Kotwica">Kotwica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_of_the_Warsaw_Uprising" title="Cross of the Warsaw Uprising">Krzyż Powstania Warszawskiego</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Units,_affiliates,_and_predecessors" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Army_Units" title="Template:Home Army Units"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Army_Units" title="Template talk:Home Army Units"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Army_Units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Army Units"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Units,_affiliates,_and_predecessors" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaga_PPP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> Units, affiliates, and predecessors</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Headquarters and Directorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Information_and_Propaganda" title="Bureau of Information and Propaganda">Information and Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kedyw" title="Kedyw">Kedyw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Civil_Resistance" title="Directorate of Civil Resistance">Civil Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Covert_Resistance" title="Directorate of Covert Resistance">Covert Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Underground_Resistance" title="Directorate of Underground Resistance">Underground Resistance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Combat units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Legions_Home_Army_Infantry_Division" title="2nd Legions Home Army Infantry Division">2nd Legions Infantry Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27th_Home_Army_Infantry_Division_(Poland)" class="mw-redirect" title="27th Home Army Infantry Division (Poland)">27th Volhynian Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/104th_Company_of_Syndicalists" title="104th Company of Syndicalists">104th Company of Syndicalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battalion_Parasol" class="mw-redirect" title="Battalion Parasol">Battalion Parasol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battalion_Zo%C5%9Bka" class="mw-redirect" title="Battalion Zośka">Battalion Zośka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBaglowiec_Group" title="Żaglowiec Group">Żaglowiec Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBbik_Group" title="Żbik Group">Żbik Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBmija_Group" title="Żmija Group">Żmija Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BBniwiarz_Group" title="Żniwiarz Group">Żniwiarz Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%BByrafa_Group" title="Żyrafa Group">Żyrafa Group</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Warsaw commands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sub-district_I_of_%C5%9Ar%C3%B3dmie%C5%9Bcie_(of_Armia_Krajowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-district I of Śródmieście (of Armia Krajowa)">I Śródmieście</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-district_II_of_%C5%BBoliborz_(of_Armia_Krajowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-district II of Żoliborz (of Armia Krajowa)"> Żoliborz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-district_III_of_Wola_(of_Armia_Krajowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-district III of Wola (of Armia Krajowa)">III Wola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-district_IV_of_Ochota_(of_Armia_Krajowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-district IV of Ochota (of Armia Krajowa)">IV Ochota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-district_V_of_Mokot%C3%B3w_(of_Armia_Krajowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-district V of Mokotów (of Armia Krajowa)">V Mokotów</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-district_VI_of_Praga_(of_Armia_Krajowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-district VI of Praga (of Armia Krajowa)">VI Praga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-district_VII_of_Warsaw_suburbs_(of_Armia_Krajowa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-district VII of Warsaw suburbs (of Armia Krajowa)">VII Warsaw suburbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/B%C5%82yskawica_radiostation" title="Błyskawica radiostation">Błyskawica radiostation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C4%99drusie" title="Jędrusie">Little Andrews (Jędrusie)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Corps" title="National Security Corps">Underground Police (PKB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajne_Wojskowe_Zak%C5%82ady_Wydawnicze" title="Tajne Wojskowe Zakłady Wydawnicze">Secret Military Printing Works (TWZW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Unseen" title="Silent Unseen">Silent Unseen</a> (<i>Cichociemni</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wachlarz" title="Wachlarz">Wachlarz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Service_for_Poland%27s_Victory" title="Service for Poland's Victory">Service for Poland's Victory (SZP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Armed_Struggle" title="Union of Armed Struggle">Union of Armed Struggle (ZWZ)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bataliony_Ch%C5%82opskie" class="mw-redirect" title="Bataliony Chłopskie">Peasants' Battalions (BCh)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konfederacja_Narodu" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfederacja Narodu">Confederation of the Nation (KN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Leśni (Forest Soldiers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Military_Organization" title="National Military Organization">National Military Association (NOW)</a> (split)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Armed_Forces" title="National Armed Forces">National Armed Forces (NSZ-AK)</a> (faction)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_of_Fighting_Poland" title="Camp of Fighting Poland">Camp of Fighting Poland (OPW)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grey_Ranks" title="Grey Ranks">Grey Ranks (Szare Szeregi - Boy Scouts)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secret_Polish_Army" title="Secret Polish Army">Secret Polish Army (TAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwardia_Ludowa_WRN" class="mw-redirect" title="Gwardia Ludowa WRN">Socialist Party People's Guard (GL-WRN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Retaliation" title="Union of Retaliation">Union of Retaliation (ZO)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Successors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NIE_(resistance)" title="NIE (resistance)">Independence (NIE)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_and_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom and Independence">Freedom and Independence (WiN)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23px_Opponents_and_rivals" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Home_Army_Opponents" title="Template:Home Army Opponents"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Home_Army_Opponents" title="Template talk:Home Army Opponents"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Home_Army_Opponents" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Home Army Opponents"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23px_Opponents_and_rivals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flaga_PPP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/23px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/35px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Flaga_PPP.svg/46px-Flaga_PPP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="627" /></a></span> Opponents and rivals</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Opponents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Auxiliary_Police" title="Ukrainian Auxiliary Police">Ukrainian Auxiliary Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Security_Police" title="Lithuanian Security Police">Lithuanian Security Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Territorial_Defense_Force" title="Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force">Lithuanian Territorial Defense Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Rivals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armia_Ludowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Ludowa">AL Armia Ludowa (People's Army)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_partisans" title="Soviet partisans">Soviet partisans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <dl><dt>Related articles</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Poland" title="The Holocaust in Poland">The Holocaust in Poland</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Ghetto_Uprising" title="Warsaw Ghetto Uprising">Warsaw Ghetto Uprising</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422376#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810656898505606">Poland</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&oldid=1253664093">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&oldid=1253664093</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Operation_Tempest" title="Category:Operation Tempest">Operation Tempest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poland%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Category:Poland–Soviet Union relations">Poland–Soviet Union relations</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Polish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Polish-language text">Articles containing Polish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases" title="Category:All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases">All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_November_2023" title="Category:Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2023">Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from November 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Poland_articles_missing_geocoordinate_data" title="Category:Poland articles missing geocoordinate data">Poland articles missing geocoordinate data</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_coordinates" title="Category:All articles needing coordinates">All articles needing coordinates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_missing_coordinates_without_coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata">Articles missing coordinates without coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 October 2024, at 06:24<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Tempest&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-26w6f","wgBackendResponseTime":222,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.930","walltime":"1.200","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3848,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":413591,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8660,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":15,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":13,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":76091,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 854.980 1 -total"," 19.05% 162.856 1 Template:Infobox_military_conflict"," 14.04% 120.032 1 Template:Langx"," 13.67% 116.910 2 Template:Campaignbox"," 13.26% 113.355 1 Template:Campaignbox_Operation_Tempest"," 12.26% 104.783 1 Template:Reflist"," 11.00% 94.022 10 Template:Military_navigation"," 10.61% 90.679 1 Template:Cite_web"," 9.91% 84.771 9 Template:Navbox"," 9.70% 82.943 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.481","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20693989,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-l8jwl","timestamp":"20241123052958","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Operation Tempest","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Operation_Tempest","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q422376","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q422376","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-05-11T14:14:04Z","dateModified":"2024-10-27T06:24:22Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/44\/Warsaw_Uprising_Blyskawica.jpg","headline":"1944 series of anti-Nazi uprisings conducted during World War II"}</script> </body> </html>