CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Voiceless palatal fricative - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3db8bc40-237f-4815-9151-ab48d8de208a","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Voiceless_palatal_fricative","wgTitle":"Voiceless palatal fricative","wgCurRevisionId":1255649866,"wgRevisionId":1255649866,"wgArticleId":524892,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the Phonos extension","Pages with plain IPA","Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","Harv and Sfn no-target errors","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Pages using infobox IPA with unknown parameters","Articles containing Assamese-language text","Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text","Articles containing Blackfoot-language text", "Articles containing Wu Chinese-language text","Articles containing Hakka-language text","Articles containing Danish-language text","Articles containing Dutch-language text","Articles containing Estonian-language text","Articles containing Finnish-language text","Articles containing French-language text","Pages including recorded pronunciations","Articles containing German-language text","Articles containing Haida-language text","Articles containing Hmong-language text","Articles containing Hungarian-language text","Articles containing Icelandic-language text","Articles containing Irish-language text","All articles needing examples","Articles needing examples from August 2016","Articles containing Japanese-language text","Articles containing Kabyle-language text","Articles containing Korean-language text","Articles containing Norwegian-language text","Articles containing Pashto-language text","Articles containing Romanian-language text","Articles containing Russian-language text", "Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text","Articles containing Sicilian-language text","Articles containing Spanish-language text","Articles containing Turkish-language text","Articles containing Walloon-language text","Articles containing Welsh-language text","Articles containing Belarusian-language text","Articles containing Greek-language text","Articles containing Limburgish-language text","Articles containing Lithuanian-language text","Articles containing Ukrainian-language text","Articles containing Uzbek-language text","Articles containing Mandarin Chinese-language text","Articles containing Washo-language text","Fricative consonants","Central consonants","Palatal consonants","Voiceless oral consonants","Pulmonic consonants","Voiceless approximants"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Voiceless_palatal_fricative","wgRelevantArticleId":524892,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q506701","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics": true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.styles":"ready","ext.phonos.icons":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.phonos.init","ext.tmh.player","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/1200px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/800px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/640px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Voiceless palatal fricative - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Voiceless_palatal_fricative rootpage-Voiceless_palatal_fricative skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Voiceless+palatal+fricative" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Voiceless+palatal+fricative" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Voiceless+palatal+fricative" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Voiceless+palatal+fricative" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Occurrence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Occurrence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Occurrence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Occurrence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Occurrence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Occurrence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Palatal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Palatal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Palatal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Palatal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-palatal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-palatal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Post-palatal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-palatal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voiceless_approximant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voiceless_approximant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Voiceless approximant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voiceless_approximant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Voiceless palatal fricative</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 34 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmloser_palataler_Frikativ" title="Stimmloser palataler Frikativ – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stimmloser palataler Frikativ" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%98%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B7_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%8A%E0%A6%B7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF" title="অঘোষ তালব্য ঊষ্মধ্বনি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="অঘোষ তালব্য ঊষ্মধ্বনি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B7%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%8A%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Беззвучна небна проходна съгласна – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Беззвучна небна проходна съгласна" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzenn_staon_divouezh" title="Ruzenn staon divouezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Ruzenn staon divouezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_palatal_sorda" title="Fricativa palatal sorda – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fricativa palatal sorda" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezn%C4%9Bl%C3%A1_palat%C3%A1ln%C3%AD_frikativa" title="Neznělá palatální frikativa – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Neznělá palatální frikativa" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimmloser_palataler_Frikativ" title="Stimmloser palataler Frikativ – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stimmloser palataler Frikativ" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%BF_%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C_%CF%84%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B2%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B5%CE%BD%CE%BF" title="Άηχο ουρανικό τριβόμενο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άηχο ουρανικό τριβόμενο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_palatal_sorda" title="Fricativa palatal sorda – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Fricativa palatal sorda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senvo%C4%89a_palatala_frikativo" title="Senvoĉa palatala frikativo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Senvoĉa palatala frikativo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B4%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="سایشی کامی بی‌واک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سایشی کامی بی‌واک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonne_fricative_palatale_sourde" title="Consonne fricative palatale sourde – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Consonne fricative palatale sourde" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AC%B4%EC%84%B1_%EA%B2%BD%EA%B5%AC%EA%B0%9C_%EB%A7%88%EC%B0%B0%EC%9D%8C" title="무성 경구개 마찰음 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="무성 경구개 마찰음" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezvu%C4%8Dni_palatalni_frikativ" title="Bezvučni palatalni frikativ – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bezvučni palatalni frikativ" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konsonan_geser_langit-langit_nirsuara" title="Konsonan geser langit-langit nirsuara – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Konsonan geser langit-langit nirsuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_palatale_sorda" title="Fricativa palatale sorda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Fricativa palatale sorda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%A8_%D7%97%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%99,_%D7%97%D7%95%D7%9B%D7%9A,_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9D" title="עיצור חיכי, חוכך, אטום – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עיצור חיכי, חוכך, אטום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stumloeaze_palatale_fricatief" title="Stumloeaze palatale fricatief – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Stumloeaze palatale fricatief" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palat%C3%A1lis,_z%C3%B6ng%C3%A9tlen_r%C3%A9shang" title="Palatális, zöngétlen réshang – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Palatális, zöngétlen réshang" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geseran_lelangit_tak_bersuara" title="Geseran lelangit tak bersuara – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Geseran lelangit tak bersuara" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stemloze_palatale_fricatief" title="Stemloze palatale fricatief – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stemloze palatale fricatief" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E5%A3%B0%E7%A1%AC%E5%8F%A3%E8%93%8B%E6%91%A9%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="無声硬口蓋摩擦音 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="無声硬口蓋摩擦音" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ustemt_palatal_frikativ" title="Ustemt palatal frikativ – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ustemt palatal frikativ" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp%C3%B3%C5%82g%C5%82oska_szczelinowa_podniebienna_bezd%C5%BAwi%C4%99czna" title="Spółgłoska szczelinowa podniebienna bezdźwięczna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spółgłoska szczelinowa podniebienna bezdźwięczna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fricativa_palatal_surda" title="Fricativa palatal surda – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fricativa palatal surda" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consoan%C4%83_fricativ%C4%83_palatal%C4%83_surd%C4%83" title="Consoană fricativă palatală surdă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Consoană fricativă palatală surdă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal fricative – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Voiceless palatal fricative" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soinniton_palataalinen_frikatiivi" title="Soinniton palataalinen frikatiivi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Soinniton palataalinen frikatiivi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonl%C3%B6s_palatal_frikativa" title="Tonlös palatal frikativa – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tonlös palatal frikativa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96t%C3%BCms%C3%BCz_damaks%C4%B1l_s%C3%BCrt%C3%BCnmeli_%C3%BCns%C3%BCz" title="Ötümsüz damaksıl sürtünmeli ünsüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ötümsüz damaksıl sürtünmeli ünsüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Глухий твердопіднебінний фрикативний – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Глухий твердопіднебінний фрикативний" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fregadiva_pa%C5%82ata%C5%82e_sorda" title="Fregadiva pałatałe sorda – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Fregadiva pałatałe sorda" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ixh-l%C3%A5te" title="Ixh-låte – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Ixh-låte" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E7%A1%AC%E8%85%AD%E6%93%A6%E9%9F%B3" title="清硬腭擦音 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="清硬腭擦音" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q506701#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Voiceless_palatal_fricative" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_fricative"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Voiceless_palatal_fricative" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&oldid=1255649866" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&id=1255649866&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVoiceless_palatal_fricative"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FVoiceless_palatal_fricative"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q506701" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ç⟩ in IPA</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless palatal fricative</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ç</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">138</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Audio sample</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="150" style="width:150px;" data-durationhint="3" data-mwtitle="Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ab/Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ab/Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg/Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span> <div><small><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_palatal_fricative.ogg" title="File:Voiceless palatal fricative.ogg">source</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Media_help" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Media help">help</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#231;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+00E7</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>C</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">Braille</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235) U+2816"><img alt="⠖ (braille pattern dots-235)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/25px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/38px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg/50px-Braille_ExclamationPoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Braille_C3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14) U+2809"><img alt="⠉ (braille pattern dots-14)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/25px-Braille_C3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/38px-Braille_C3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Braille_C3.svg/50px-Braille_C3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="154" data-file-height="215" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="width:100%; margin:0; border:0; background: transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#FFFFE6; border:0;">Image </th></tr> <tr> <td class="center" style="background: transparent; border:0;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/150px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/225px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg/300px-IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151960987"><table class="infobox" style="width: 16em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background: #f2f2ce;">Voiceless palatal approximant</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;"><span style="font-size: 5em; line-height: 1.2em; vertical-align: super; font-weight: normal;"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">j̊</span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/IPA_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="IPA Number">IPA Number</a></th><td class="infobox-data">153 402A</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ffffe6;">Encoding</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Entity <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(decimal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>&#106;&#778;</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unicode <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(hex)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">U+006A U+030A</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><code>j_0</code></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>voiceless palatal fricative</b> is a type of <a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">consonantal</a> sound used in some <a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">spoken</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents this sound is ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">ç</a></span>⟩, and the equivalent <a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a> symbol is <code>C</code>. It is the non-sibilant equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative</a>. </p><p>The symbol <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%87" title="Ç">ç</a></i> is the letter <i>c</i> with a <a href="/wiki/Cedilla" title="Cedilla">cedilla</a> (◌̧), as used to spell <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a> words such as <i>façade</i> and <i>ação</i>. However, the sound represented by the symbol <i>ç</i> in French and Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Orthography" title="Orthography">orthography</a> is not a voiceless palatal fricative; the cedilla, instead, changes the usual <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">voiceless velar plosive</a>, when ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/C" title="C">c</a></span>⟩ is employed before ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/A" title="A">a</a></span>⟩ or ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/O" title="O">o</a></span>⟩, to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/s/</span>, the <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">voiceless alveolar fricative</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Palatal_fricative" title="Palatal fricative">Palatal fricatives</a> are relatively rare phonemes, and only 5% of the world's languages have <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ç/</span> as a phoneme.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996167–168_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996167–168-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The sound further occurs as an <a href="/wiki/Allophone" title="Allophone">allophone</a> of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span> (e.g. in German or Greek), or, in other languages, of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a>/</span> in the vicinity of <a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">front vowels</a>. </p><p>There is also the <b>voiceless post-palatal fricative</b><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in some languages, which is articulated slightly farther back compared with the place of articulation of the prototypical voiceless palatal fricative, though not as back as the prototypical <a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">voiceless velar fricative</a>. The International Phonetic Alphabet does not have a separate symbol for that sound, though it can be transcribed as ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ç̠</span>⟩, ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ç˗</span>⟩ (both symbols denote a <a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation#Advanced_and_retracted" title="Relative articulation">retracted</a> ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">ç</span>⟩) or ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">x̟</span>⟩ (<a href="/wiki/Relative_articulation#Advanced_and_retracted" title="Relative articulation">advanced</a> ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">x</span>⟩). The equivalent X-SAMPA symbols are <code>C_-</code> and <code>x_+</code>, respectively. </p><p>Especially in <a href="/wiki/Broad_transcription" class="mw-redirect" title="Broad transcription">broad transcription</a>, the voiceless post-palatal fricative may be transcribed as a palatalized voiceless velar fricative (⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">xʲ</span>⟩ in the IPA, <code>x'</code> or <code>x_j</code> in X-SAMPA). </p><p>Some scholars also posit the <b>voiceless palatal approximant</b> distinct from the fricative, found in a few <a href="/wiki/Speech_communication" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech communication">spoken</a> <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">languages</a>. The symbol in the <a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> that represents this sound is ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"> j̊ </span>⟩, the voiceless homologue of the <a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">voiced palatal approximant</a>. </p><p>The palatal approximant can in many cases be considered the <a href="/wiki/Semivowel" title="Semivowel">semivocalic</a> equivalent of the voiceless variant of the <a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">close front unrounded vowel</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[i̥]</span>. The sound is essentially an Australian English <span class="nowrap">⟨y⟩</span> (as in <i><b>y</b>ear</i>) pronounced strictly without vibration of the vocal cords. </p><p>It is found as a <a href="/wiki/Phoneme" title="Phoneme">phoneme</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jalapa_Mazatec" title="Jalapa Mazatec">Jalapa Mazatec</a> and <a href="/wiki/Washo_language" title="Washo language">Washo</a> as well as in <a href="/wiki/Kildin_Sami" class="mw-redirect" title="Kildin Sami">Kildin Sami</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Voiceless_palatal_fricative_articulation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Voiceless_palatal_fricative_articulation.svg/220px-Voiceless_palatal_fricative_articulation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Voiceless_palatal_fricative_articulation.svg/330px-Voiceless_palatal_fricative_articulation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Voiceless_palatal_fricative_articulation.svg/440px-Voiceless_palatal_fricative_articulation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Voiceless palatal fricative (ç)</figcaption></figure> <p>Features of the voiceless palatal fricative: </p> <ul><li>Its <a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">manner of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a>, which means it is produced by constricting air flow through a narrow channel at the place of articulation, causing <a href="/wiki/Turbulence" title="Turbulence">turbulence</a>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">place of articulation</a> is <a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">palatal</a>, which means it is articulated with the middle or back part of the <a href="/wiki/Tongue" title="Tongue">tongue</a> raised to the <a href="/wiki/Hard_palate" title="Hard palate">hard palate</a>. The otherwise identical post-palatal variant is articulated slightly behind the hard palate, making it sound slightly closer to the velar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>]</span>.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Phonation" title="Phonation">phonation</a> is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.</li> <li>It is an <a href="/wiki/Oral_consonant" title="Oral consonant">oral consonant</a>, which means air is allowed to escape through the mouth only.</li> <li>It is a <a href="/wiki/Central_consonant" title="Central consonant">central consonant</a>, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.</li> <li>Its <a href="/wiki/Airstream_mechanism" title="Airstream mechanism">airstream mechanism</a> is <a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_egressive" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonic egressive">pulmonic</a>, which means it is articulated by pushing air solely with the <a href="/wiki/Intercostal_muscle" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercostal muscle">intercostal muscles</a> and <a href="/wiki/Abdominal_muscles" title="Abdominal muscles">abdominal muscles</a>, as in most sounds.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Occurrence">Occurrence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Occurrence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Palatal">Palatal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Palatal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assamese_language" title="Assamese language">Assamese</a></td> <td><span title="Assamese-language text"><span lang="as"><a href="/wiki/Assamese_alphabet" title="Assamese alphabet">সীমা</a></span></span> / <span title="Assamese-language romanization"><i lang="as-Latn"><b>x</b>ima</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ç̠ima]</span></td> <td>'limit/border'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azerbaijani</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamirchizadeh197296_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamirchizadeh197296-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>Some dialects</td> <td><span title="Azerbaijani-language text"><i lang="az"><a href="/wiki/Azeri_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri alphabet">çörə<b>k</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tʃœˈɾæç]</span></td> <td>'bread'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/c/</span>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Blackfoot_language" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></td> <td><span title="Blackfoot-language text"><span lang="bla"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">ᖱᑊᖽᒧᐧᖿ</a></span></span> / <span title="Blackfoot-language romanization"><i lang="bla-Latn">i<b>h</b>kitsika</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[içkitsika]</span></td> <td>'Seven'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span>. </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Taizhou_dialect" title="Taizhou dialect">Taizhou dialect</a></td> <td><span title="Wu Chinese-language text"><span lang="wuu"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">嬉</a></span></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çi]</span></td> <td>'to play'</td> <td>Corresponds to alveolo-palatal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɕ/</span> in other <a href="/wiki/Wu_Chinese" title="Wu Chinese">Wu</a> dialects. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Meixian_dialect" title="Meixian dialect">Meixian dialect</a> </td> <td><span title="Hakka-language text"><span lang="hak"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">香</a></span></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çʲɔŋ˦]</span> </td> <td>'fragrant' </td> <td>Corresponds to palatatized fricative <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/hj/</span> in romanised as "hi-" or "hy-" <a href="/wiki/Hakka_Chinese" title="Hakka Chinese">Hakka</a> dialect writing. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a></td> <td>Standard<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da"><a href="/wiki/Danish_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish alphabet">p<b>j</b>aske</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈpçæskə]</span></td> <td>'splash'</td> <td>May be alveolo-palatal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a>]</span> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>, aspiration of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/p,<span class="wrap"> </span>t,<span class="wrap"> </span>k/</span> is realized as devoicing and fortition of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note, however, that the sequence <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tj/</span> is normally realized as an affricate <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">t͡ɕ</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005148_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005148-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Danish_phonology" title="Danish phonology">Danish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td>Standard Northern<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">wie<b>g</b>je</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈʋiçjə]</span></td> <td>'crib'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> for some speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017159_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017159-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography"><b>h</b>ue</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çʉː]</span></td> <td rowspan="2">'hue'</td> <td rowspan="2">Phonetic realization of the sequence <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/hj/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017159_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017159-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoach200943_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoach200943-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wells_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wells-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" title="Australian English phonology">Australian English phonology</a> and <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoach200943_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTERoach200943-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wells_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wells-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scouse" title="Scouse">Scouse</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2007353_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson2007353-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/English_orthography" title="English orthography">li<b>k</b>e</a></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[laɪ̯ç]</span></td> <td>'like'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span>; ranges from palatal to uvular, depending on the preceding vowel.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2007353_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson2007353-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/English_phonology" title="English phonology">English phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_language" title="Estonian language">Estonian</a></td> <td><span title="Estonian-language text"><i lang="et"><a href="/wiki/Estonian_orthography" title="Estonian orthography">vi<b>h</b>m</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[viçm]</span></td> <td>'rain'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Estonian_phonology" title="Estonian phonology">Estonian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a></td> <td><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_orthography" title="Finnish orthography">vi<b>h</b>ko</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ʋiçko̞]</span></td> <td>'notebook'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Finnish_phonology" title="Finnish phonology">Finnish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parisian_French" class="mw-redirect" title="Parisian French">Parisian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFagyalMoisset1999_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFagyalMoisset1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/French_orthography" title="French orthography">merci</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/b\/bc\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Marie-Sarah_%28Opsylac%29-merci.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Marie-Sarah_%28Opsylac%29-merci.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[m\u025b\u0281\u0325\u02c8si\u0325\u00e7]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Marie-Sarah (Opsylac)-merci.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/bc/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Marie-Sarah_%28Opsylac%29-merci.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Marie-Sarah_%28Opsylac%29-merci.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[mɛʁ̥ˈsi̥ç]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Marie-Sarah_(Opsylac)-merci.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Marie-Sarah (Opsylac)-merci.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'thank you'</td> <td>The close vowels <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i,<span class="wrap"> </span>y,<span class="wrap"> </span>u/</span> and the mid front <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e,<span class="wrap"> </span>ɛ/</span> at the end of utterances can be <a href="/wiki/Devoiced" class="mw-redirect" title="Devoiced">devoiced</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFagyalMoisset1999_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFagyalMoisset1999-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology#Devoicing" title="French phonology">French phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a></td> <td><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/German_orthography" title="German orthography">ni<b>ch</b>t</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/69\/De-nicht.ogg\/De-nicht.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[n\u026a\u00e7t]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"De-nicht.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/69/De-nicht.ogg/De-nicht.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[nɪçt]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:De-nicht.ogg" title="File:De-nicht.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'not'</td> <td>Traditionally allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span>, or vice versa, but phonemic for some speakers who have both <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːx/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aːç/</span> (< <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/aʁç/</span>). See <a href="/wiki/Standard_German_phonology" title="Standard German phonology">Standard German phonology</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Haida_language" title="Haida language">Haida</a></td> <td><span title="Haida-language text"><i lang="hai-Latn"><b>x</b>íl</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çɪ́l]</span></td> <td>'leaf'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a></td> <td>White (Dawb)</td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Hmong-language text"><i lang="hmn-Latn"><b>xy</b>a</i></span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ça]</span></td> <td rowspan="2">'seven'</td> <td rowspan="2">Corresponds to alveolo-palatal /ɕ/ in Dananshan dialect </td></tr> <tr> <td>Green (Njua) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_language" title="Hungarian language">Hungarian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy2007205_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy2007205-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Hungarian-language text"><i lang="hu"><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_orthography" title="Hungarian orthography">kap<b>j</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈkɒpç]</span></td> <td>'get' (<a href="/wiki/Imperative_mood" title="Imperative mood">imperative</a>)</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> between a voiceless obstruent and a word boundary. See <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_phonology" title="Hungarian phonology">Hungarian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_language" title="Icelandic language">Icelandic</a></td> <td><span title="Icelandic-language text"><i lang="is"><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_orthography" title="Icelandic orthography"><b>h</b>érna</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈçɛrtn̥a]</span></td> <td>'here'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Icelandic_phonology" title="Icelandic phonology">Icelandic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a></td> <td><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga"><a href="/wiki/Irish_orthography" title="Irish orthography">a <b>Sh</b>eáin</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ə<span class="wrap"> </span>çaːnʲ]</span></td> <td>'John' (<a href="/wiki/Vocative_case" title="Vocative case">voc.</a>)</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Irish_phonology" title="Irish phonology">Irish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jalapa_Mazatec" title="Jalapa Mazatec">Jalapa Mazatec</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2016)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Described as an approximant. Contrasts with plain voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> and glottalized voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ȷ̃/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkada1999118_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkada1999118-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja-Hani"><a href="/wiki/Kanji" title="Kanji">人</a></span></span> / <span title="Japanese-language romanization"><i lang="ja-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Japanese" title="Romanization of Japanese"><b>h</b>ito</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çi̥to̞]</span></td> <td>'person'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Japanese_phonology" title="Japanese phonology">Japanese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_language" title="Kabyle language">Kabyle</a></td> <td><span title="Kabyle-language text"><i lang="kab"><a href="/wiki/Berber_Latin_alphabet" title="Berber Latin alphabet"><b>ḵ</b>til</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çtil]</span></td> <td>'to measure'</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a></td> <td><span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hang"><a href="/wiki/Hangul" title="Hangul">힘</a></span></span> / <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Revised_Romanization_of_Korean" title="Revised Romanization of Korean"><b>h</b>im</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çim]</span></td> <td>'strength'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> word-initially before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Korean_phonology" title="Korean phonology">Korean phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Minangkabau_language" title="Minangkabau language">Minangkabau</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mukomuko_language" title="Mukomuko language">Mukomuko</a></td> <td><i>tangi<b>h</b></i></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[taŋiç]</span></td> <td>'cry'</td> <td>Allophone of /h/ after /i/ and /j/ in coda. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Urban_East_Norwegian" title="Urban East Norwegian">Urban East</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200023_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200023-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no"><a href="/wiki/Danish_and_Norwegian_alphabet" title="Danish and Norwegian alphabet"><b>kj</b>ekk</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çe̞kː]</span></td> <td>'handsome'</td> <td>Often alveolo-palatal <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a>]</span> instead; younger speakers in Bergen, Stavanger and Oslo merge it with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a>/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200023_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200023-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_phonology" title="Norwegian phonology">Norwegian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pashto_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pashto language">Pashto</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Central_Pashto" title="Central Pashto">Ghilji</a> <a href="/wiki/Pashto_dialects" title="Pashto dialects">dialect</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenderson1983595_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenderson1983595-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Pashto-language text"><span lang="ps"><a href="/wiki/Pashto_alphabet" title="Pashto alphabet"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1227789315">'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000028-QINU`"'</style><span class="script-arabic script-Arab" dir="rtl" style="font-size: 125%;">پـ<b>ښـ</b>ه</span>‎</a></span></span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pça]</span></td> <td rowspan="2">'foot'</td> <td rowspan="2">See <a href="/wiki/Pashto_phonology" title="Pashto phonology">Pashto phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Wardak dialect </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a></td> <td>Standard</td> <td><span title="Romanian-language text"><i lang="ro"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_alphabet" title="Romanian alphabet">vla<b>hi</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[vlaç]</span></td> <td>'valahians'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span>. Typically transcribed with [hʲ]. See <a href="/wiki/Romanian_phonology" title="Romanian phonology">Romanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td>Standard<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet">твёрды<b>й</b></a></span></span> / <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">tvjordy<b>j</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/62\/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg\/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u02c8t\u032a\u028b\u02b2\u0275rd\u032a\u0268\u031e\u00e7]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ru-\u0442\u0432\u0451\u0440\u0434\u044b\u0439.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/62/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg/Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈt̪ʋʲɵrd̪ɨ̞ç]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ru-%D1%82%D0%B2%D1%91%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B9.ogg" title="File:Ru-твёрдый.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'hard'</td> <td>Possible realization of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOftedal1956113–4_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOftedal1956113–4-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic alphabet">ei<b>ch</b></a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[eç]</span></td> <td>'horses'</td> <td>Slender allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_phonology_and_orthography" title="Scottish Gaelic phonology and orthography">Scottish Gaelic phonology and orthography</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_language" title="Sicilian language">Sicilian</a></td> <td><span title="Sicilian-language text"><i lang="scn"><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_orthography" title="Sicilian orthography"><b>ci</b>umi</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈçuːmɪ]</span></td> <td>'river'</td> <td>Evolved from the Latin <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/fl/</span> nexus. Realized as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t͡ʃ</a>]</span> when preceded by a consonant. See <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian phonology">Sicilian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chilean_Spanish" title="Chilean Spanish">Chilean</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">mu<b>j</b>er</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[muˈçe̞ɾ]</span></td> <td>'woman'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>/</span> before front vowels. See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a><sup id="cite_ref-gk6_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gk6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Turkish-language text"><i lang="tr"><a href="/wiki/Turkish_alphabet" title="Turkish alphabet"><b>h</b>ile</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çiːʎ̟ɛ]</span></td> <td>'trick'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-gk6_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gk6-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Turkish_phonology" title="Turkish phonology">Turkish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Walloon_language" title="Walloon language">Walloon</a></td> <td><span title="Walloon-language text"><i lang="wa"><a href="/wiki/Walloon_orthography" title="Walloon orthography">te<b>xh</b>e</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[tɛç]</span></td> <td>'to knit'</td> <td>⟨xh⟩ spelling proper in Common Walloon, in the Feller system it would be written ⟨hy⟩ </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a></td> <td><span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh alphabet"><b>hi</b>aith</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[çaɪ̯θ]</span></td> <td>'language'</td> <td>Occurs in words where <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> comes before <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> due to h-prothesis of the original word, i.e. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/jaɪ̯θ/</span> <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">iaith</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">language</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> becomes <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">ei hiaith</i></span> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">her language</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, resulting in <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">i</i></span> → <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ç/</span> <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">hi</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallWatkins1993300–301_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallWatkins1993300–301-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Welsh_phonology" title="Welsh phonology">Welsh phonology</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-palatal">Post-palatal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Post-palatal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Language</th> <th>Word</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a></th> <th>Meaning</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_language" title="Belarusian language">Belarusian</a></td> <td><span title="Belarusian-language text"><span lang="be"><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_alphabet" title="Belarusian alphabet">глу<b>х</b>і</a></span></span> / <span title="Belarusian-language romanization"><i lang="be-Latn">hlu<b>ch</b>í</i></span></td> <td>[ɣɫuˈxʲi]</td> <td>'deaf'</td> <td>Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">xʲ</span>⟩. See <a href="/wiki/Belarusian_phonology" title="Belarusian phonology">Belarusian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></td> <td>Standard <a href="/wiki/Flemish_dialects" title="Flemish dialects">Belgian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">a<b>ch</b>t</a></i></span></td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɑx̟t]</span></td> <td rowspan="2">'eight'</td> <td rowspan="2">May be velar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a>]</span> instead.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Dutch_phonology" title="Dutch phonology">Dutch phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Southern accents<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200720_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200720-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Greek-language text"><span lang="el"><a href="/wiki/Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">ψυ<b>χ</b>ή</a></span></span> / <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">psy<b>ch</b>í</i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-4" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/08\/Ell-Psychi.ogg\/Ell-Psychi.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[ps\u0320i\u02c8\u00e7\u0320i]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Ell-Psychi.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/08/Ell-Psychi.ogg/Ell-Psychi.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ps̠iˈç̠i]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Ell-Psychi.ogg" title="File:Ell-Psychi.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'soul'</td> <td>See <a href="/wiki/Modern_Greek_phonology" title="Modern Greek phonology">Modern Greek phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Limburgish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Limburgish language">Limburgish</a></td> <td>Weert dialect<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeijmansGussenhoven1998108_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeijmansGussenhoven1998108-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Limburgish-language text"><i lang="li">i<b>ch</b></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ɪ̞x̟]</span></td> <td>'I'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> before and after front vowels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeijmansGussenhoven1998108_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeijmansGussenhoven1998108-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Weert_dialect_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Weert dialect phonology">Weert dialect phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_language" title="Lithuanian language">Lithuanian</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199622–23)_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199622–23)-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbrazas_et_al.199736_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbrazas_et_al.199736-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Lithuanian-language text"><i lang="lt"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_orthography" title="Lithuanian orthography"><b>ch</b>emija</a></i></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>Very rare;<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbrazas_et_al.199735_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbrazas_et_al.199735-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">xʲ</span>⟩. See <a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_phonology" title="Lithuanian phonology">Lithuanian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a></td> <td>Standard<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Russian-language text"><span lang="ru"><a href="/wiki/Russian_alphabet" title="Russian alphabet"><b>х</b>инди</a></span></span> / <span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn"><b>ch</b>indi</i></span></td> <td><span class="nounderlines nowrap"><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-5" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/57\/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-DomesticFrog-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8.wav\/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-DomesticFrog-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"<span class=\"IPA nowrap\" lang=\"und-Latn-fonipa\" title=\"Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)\">[\u02c8x\u031fin\u02b2d\u02b2\u026a]<\/span>"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q7737 (rus)-DomesticFrog-\u0445\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0438.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/57/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-DomesticFrog-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8.wav/LL-Q7737_%28rus%29-DomesticFrog-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈx̟inʲdʲɪ]</span></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q7737_(rus)-DomesticFrog-%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8.wav" title="File:LL-Q7737 (rus)-DomesticFrog-хинди.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span></td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a>'</td> <td>Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">xʲ</span>⟩. See <a href="/wiki/Russian_phonology" title="Russian phonology">Russian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a></td> <td><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_orthography" title="Spanish orthography">mu<b>j</b>er</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[muˈx̟e̞ɾ]</span></td> <td>'woman'</td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/x/</span> before front vowels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanelladaMadsen198721_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECanelladaMadsen198721-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> See <a href="/wiki/Spanish_phonology" title="Spanish phonology">Spanish phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a></td> <td><span title="Ukrainian-language text"><span lang="uk"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_alphabet" title="Ukrainian alphabet"><b>х</b>ід</a></span></span> / <span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn"><b>ch</b>id</i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x̟id̪]</span></td> <td>'course'</td> <td>Typically transcribed in IPA with ⟨<span title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)" class="IPA" lang="und-Latn-fonipa">xʲ</span>⟩. See <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_phonology" title="Ukrainian phonology">Ukrainian phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_language" title="Uzbek language">Uzbek</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196311_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196311-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><span title="Uzbek-language text"><i lang="uz"><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_alphabet" title="Uzbek alphabet"><b>x</b>urmo</a></i></span></td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[x̟urmɒ]</span></td> <td>'date palm'</td> <td>Weakly fricated; occurs word-initially and pre-consonantally, otherwise it is post-velar <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[<a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pre-uvular_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless pre-uvular fricative">x̠</a>]</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196311_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196311-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Voiceless_approximant">Voiceless approximant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Voiceless approximant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th> </th> <th>Word </th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">IPA</a> </th> <th>Meaning </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a> </td> <td>Bothoa dialect </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2016)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Contrasts voiceless <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j̊/</span>, plain voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> and nasal voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ȷ̃/</span> approximants.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard</a> </td> <td><span title="Mandarin Chinese-language text"><span lang="cmn"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">票</a></span></span> / <span title="Pinyin transliteration"><i lang="cmn-Latn">piào</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pj̊äʊ̯˥˩]</span> </td> <td>'ticket' </td> <td>Common allophony of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> after aspirated consonants. Normally transcribed as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[pʰj]</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese_phonology" title="Standard Chinese phonology">Standard Chinese phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2016)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Australian_English_phonology" title="Australian English phonology">Australian English phonology</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand</a> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2016)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>, also can be [<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">ç</span>] instead. See <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English_phonology" title="New Zealand English phonology">New Zealand English phonology</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2016)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/French_phonology" title="French phonology">French phonology</a><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Jalapa_Mazatec" title="Jalapa Mazatec">Jalapa Mazatec</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2016)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Contrasts voiceless <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j̊/</span>, plain voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> and glottalized voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ȷ̃/</span> approximants.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2016)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Colloquial, Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloch195086–125_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloch195086–125-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJorden1963_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorden1963-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJorden1952_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorden1952-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic" title="Scottish Gaelic">Scottish Gaelic</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span title="Scottish Gaelic-language text"><i lang="gd"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic alphabet">a-muigh</a></i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[əˈmuj̊]</span> </td> <td>'outside' (directional) </td> <td>Allophone of <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ʝ/</span>. See <a href="/wiki/Scottish_Gaelic_phonology" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish Gaelic phonology">Scottish Gaelic phonology</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Washo_language" title="Washo language">Washo</a> </td> <td><span title="Washo-language text"><i lang="was">t'á:<b>Y</b>aŋi</i></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ˈtʼaːj̊aŋi]</span> </td> <td>'he's hunting' </td> <td>Contrasts voiceless <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j̊/</span> and voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> approximants. </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Koyukon_language" title="Koyukon language">Koyukon (Denaakk'e)</a> </td> <td><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AUDIENCE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AUDIENCE"><span title="An editor has requested that an example be provided. (August 2016)">example needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>Contrasts voiceless <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/j̊/</span> and voiced <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/<a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a>/</span> approximants. </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_phonetics_articles" title="Index of phonetics articles">Index of phonetics articles</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996167–168-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELadefogedMaddieson1996167–168_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996">Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)</a>, pp. 167–168.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Instead of "post-palatal", it can be called "retracted palatal", "backed palatal", "palato-velar", "pre-velar", "advanced velar", "fronted velar" or "front-velar". For simplicity, this article uses only the term "post-palatal".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDamirchizadeh197296-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDamirchizadeh197296_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDamirchizadeh1972">Damirchizadeh (1972)</a>, p. 96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBasbøll200565–66_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBasbøll2005">Basbøll (2005)</a>, pp. 65–66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005148-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrønnum2005148_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrønnum2005">Grønnum (2005)</a>, p. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECollinsMees2003191_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCollinsMees2003">Collins & Mees (2003)</a>, p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017159-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017159_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECoxFletcher2017159_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCoxFletcher2017">Cox & Fletcher (2017)</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTERoach200943-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoach200943_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTERoach200943_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFRoach2009">Roach (2009)</a>, p. 43.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wells-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wells_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wells_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2009" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C</a> (2009-01-29), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/blog0901.htm">"A huge query"</a>, <i>John Wells's phonetic blog</i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-03-13</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=John+Wells%27s+phonetic+blog&rft.atitle=A+huge+query&rft.date=2009-01-29&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phon.ucl.ac.uk%2Fhome%2Fwells%2Fblog0901.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWatson2007353-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2007353_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWatson2007353_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWatson2007">Watson (2007)</a>, p. 353.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFagyalMoisset1999-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFagyalMoisset1999_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFagyalMoisset1999_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFagyalMoisset1999">Fagyal & Moisset (1999)</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy2007205-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESiptárTörkenczy2007205_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSiptárTörkenczy2007">Siptár & Törkenczy (2007)</a>, p. 205.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged199583_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged1995">Silverman et al. (1995)</a>, p. 83.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOkada1999118-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOkada1999118_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOkada1999">Okada (1999)</a>, p. 118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200023-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200023_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKristoffersen200023_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKristoffersen2000">Kristoffersen (2000)</a>, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHenderson1983595-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHenderson1983595_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHenderson1983">Henderson (1983)</a>, p. 595.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYanushevskayaBunčić2015223_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYanushevskayaBunčić2015">Yanushevskaya & Bunčić (2015)</a>, p. 223.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOftedal1956113–4-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOftedal1956113–4_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOftedal1956">Oftedal (1956)</a>, pp. 113–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0006662/baker_g.pdf">Palatal phenomena in Spanish phonology</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123021246/http://etd.fcla.edu/UF/UFE0006662/baker_g.pdf">Archived</a> 2021-11-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Page 113</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gk6-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gk6_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gk6_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGökselKerslake2005">Göksel & Kerslake (2005</a>:6)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBallWatkins1993300–301-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBallWatkins1993300–301_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBallWatkins1993">Ball & Watkins (1993)</a>, pp. 300–301.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200720-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEArvaniti200720_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFArvaniti2007">Arvaniti (2007)</a>, p. 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeijmansGussenhoven1998108-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeijmansGussenhoven1998108_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeijmansGussenhoven1998108_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHeijmansGussenhoven1998">Heijmans & Gussenhoven (1998)</a>, p. 108.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199622–23)-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMathiassen199622–23)_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMathiassen1996">Mathiassen (1996)</a>, pp. 22–23).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbrazas_et_al.199736-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbrazas_et_al.199736_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmbrazas_et_al.1997">Ambrazas et al. (1997)</a>, p. 36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAmbrazas_et_al.199735-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAmbrazas_et_al.199735_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAmbrazas_et_al.1997">Ambrazas et al. (1997)</a>, p. 35.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTECanelladaMadsen198721-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTECanelladaMadsen198721_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCanelladaMadsen1987">Canellada & Madsen (1987)</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESjoberg196311-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196311_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESjoberg196311_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSjoberg1963">Sjoberg (1963)</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIosad2013" class="citation book cs1">Iosad, Pavel (2013). <i>Representation and variation in substance-free phonology: A case study in Celtic</i>. Universitetet i Tromso.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Representation+and+variation+in+substance-free+phonology%3A+A+case+study+in+Celtic&rft.place=Universitetet+i+Tromso&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Iosad&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxPalethorpe2007" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Felicity; Palethorpe, Sallyanne (2007). <i>Illustrations of the IPA: Australian English</i> (Cambridge University Press ed.). Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37. pp. 341–350.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrations+of+the+IPA%3A+Australian+English&rft.pages=341-350&rft.edition=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pub=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association+37&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Felicity&rft.au=Palethorpe%2C+Sallyanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoranMcCloy2019" class="citation book cs1">Moran, Steven; McCloy, Daniel (2019). <i>English sound inventory (UZ)</i>. Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+sound+inventory+%28UZ%29&rft.pub=Max+Planck+Institute+for+the+Science+of+Human+History&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=McCloy%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauerWarren2007" class="citation book cs1">Bauer, Laurie; Warren, Paul (2007). <i>Illustrations of the IPA: New Zealand English</i> (Cambridge University Press ed.). Journal of the International Phonetic Association 37. pp. 97–102.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Illustrations+of+the+IPA%3A+New+Zealand+English&rft.pages=97-102&rft.edition=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pub=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association+37&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Laurie&rft.au=Warren%2C+Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSten1963" class="citation book cs1">Sten, H (1963). <i>Manuel de Phonetique Francaise</i>. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Manuel+de+Phonetique+Francaise&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.pub=Munksgaard&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Sten&rft.aufirst=H&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBloch195086–125-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBloch195086–125_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBloch1950">Bloch (1950)</a>, p. 86–125.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFBloch1950 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorden1963-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJorden1963_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJorden1963">Jorden (1963)</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFJorden1963 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJorden1952-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJorden1952_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJorden1952">Jorden (1952)</a>.<span class="error harv-error" style="display: none; font-size:100%"> sfnp error: no target: CITEREFJorden1952 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer" class="citation web cs1">Bauer, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://akerbeltz.org/index.php?title=Final_devoicing_or_Why_does_naoidh_sound_like_Nɯiç%3F">"Final devoicing or Why does naoidh sound like Nɯiç?"</a>. <i>Akerbeltz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 December</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Akerbeltz&rft.atitle=Final+devoicing+or+Why+does+naoidh+sound+like+N%C9%AFi%C3%A7%3F&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fakerbeltz.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DFinal_devoicing_or_Why_does_naoidh_sound_like_N%C9%AFi%C3%A7%253F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbrazas_et_al.1997" class="citation cs2">Ambrazas, Vytautas; Geniušienė, Emma; Girdenis, Aleksas; Sližienė, Nijolė; Valeckienė, Adelė; Valiulytė, Elena; Tekorienė, Dalija; Pažūsis, Lionginas (1997), Ambrazas, Vytautas (ed.), <i>Lithuanian Grammar</i>, Vilnius: Institute of the Lithuanian Language, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9986-813-22-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-9986-813-22-4"><bdi>978-9986-813-22-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lithuanian+Grammar&rft.place=Vilnius&rft.pub=Institute+of+the+Lithuanian+Language&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-9986-813-22-4&rft.aulast=Ambrazas&rft.aufirst=Vytautas&rft.au=Geniu%C5%A1ien%C4%97%2C+Emma&rft.au=Girdenis%2C+Aleksas&rft.au=Sli%C5%BEien%C4%97%2C+Nijol%C4%97&rft.au=Valeckien%C4%97%2C+Adel%C4%97&rft.au=Valiulyt%C4%97%2C+Elena&rft.au=Tekorien%C4%97%2C+Dalija&rft.au=Pa%C5%BE%C5%ABsis%2C+Lionginas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArvaniti2007" class="citation cs2">Arvaniti, Amalia (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131211020607/http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf">"Greek Phonetics: The State of the Art"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of Greek Linguistics</i>, <b>8</b>: 97–208, <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.1365">10.1.1.692.1365</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1075%2Fjgl.8.08arv">10.1075/jgl.8.08arv</a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kent.ac.uk/secl/ell/staff/amalia-arvaniti/docs/Greek%20Phonetics%20-%20The%20State%20of%20the%20Art.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2013-12-11<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-11</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Greek+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Greek+Phonetics%3A+The+State+of+the+Art&rft.volume=8&rft.pages=97-208&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.1365%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1075%2Fjgl.8.08arv&rft.aulast=Arvaniti&rft.aufirst=Amalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kent.ac.uk%2Fsecl%2Fell%2Fstaff%2Famalia-arvaniti%2Fdocs%2FGreek%2520Phonetics%2520-%2520The%2520State%2520of%2520the%2520Art.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallWatkins1993" class="citation cs2">Ball, Martin J.; Watkins, T. Arwyn (1993), <i>The Celtic Languages</i>, Routledge Reference Grammars, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28080-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-28080-8"><bdi>978-0-415-28080-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Celtic+Languages&rft.series=Routledge+Reference+Grammars&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-415-28080-8&rft.aulast=Ball&rft.aufirst=Martin+J.&rft.au=Watkins%2C+T.+Arwyn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasbøll2005" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Hans_Basb%C3%B8ll" title="Hans Basbøll">Basbøll, Hans</a> (2005), <i>The Phonology of Danish</i>, Taylor & Francis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-97876-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-203-97876-4"><bdi>978-0-203-97876-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Danish&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-203-97876-4&rft.aulast=Basb%C3%B8ll&rft.aufirst=Hans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanelladaMadsen1987" class="citation cs2">Canellada, María Josefa; Madsen, John Kuhlmann (1987), <i>Pronunciación del español: lengua hablada y literaria</i>, Madrid: Castalia, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8470394836" title="Special:BookSources/978-8470394836"><bdi>978-8470394836</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pronunciaci%C3%B3n+del+espa%C3%B1ol%3A+lengua+hablada+y+literaria&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Castalia&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-8470394836&rft.aulast=Canellada&rft.aufirst=Mar%C3%ADa+Josefa&rft.au=Madsen%2C+John+Kuhlmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollinsMees2003" class="citation cs2">Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2003) [First published 1981], <i>The Phonetics of English and Dutch</i> (5th ed.), Leiden: Brill Publishers, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004103405" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004103405"><bdi>978-9004103405</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonetics+of+English+and+Dutch&rft.place=Leiden&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Brill+Publishers&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-9004103405&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.au=Mees%2C+Inger+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxFletcher2017" class="citation cs2">Cox, Felicity; Fletcher, Janet (2017) [First published 2012], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZBs3DwAAQBAJ"><i>Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription</i></a> (2nd ed.), Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-63926-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-316-63926-9"><bdi>978-1-316-63926-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Australian+English+Pronunciation+and+Transcription&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-316-63926-9&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Felicity&rft.au=Fletcher%2C+Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZBs3DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamirchizadeh1972" class="citation cs2">Damirchizadeh, A (1972), <i>Modern Azerbaijani Language: Phonetics, Orthoepy and Orthography</i>, Maarif Publ</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Modern+Azerbaijani+Language%3A+Phonetics%2C+Orthoepy+and+Orthography&rft.pub=Maarif+Publ&rft.date=1972&rft.aulast=Damirchizadeh&rft.aufirst=A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFagyalMoisset1999" class="citation cs2">Fagyal, Zsuzsanna; Moisset, Christine (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.internationalphoneticassociation.org/icphs-proceedings/ICPhS1999/papers/p14_0309.pdf">"Sound Change and Articulatory Release: Where and Why are High Vowels Devoiced in Parisian French?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Proceedings of the XIVth International Congress of Phonetic Science, San Francisco</i>, vol. 1, pp. 309–312</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+XIVth+International+Congress+of+Phonetic+Science%2C+San+Francisco&rft.atitle=Sound+Change+and+Articulatory+Release%3A+Where+and+Why+are+High+Vowels+Devoiced+in+Parisian+French%3F&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=309-312&rft.date=1999&rft.aulast=Fagyal&rft.aufirst=Zsuzsanna&rft.au=Moisset%2C+Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internationalphoneticassociation.org%2Ficphs-proceedings%2FICPhS1999%2Fpapers%2Fp14_0309.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGökselKerslake2005" class="citation cs2">Göksel, Asli; Kerslake, Celia (2005), <i>Turkish: a comprehensive grammar</i>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0415114943" title="Special:BookSources/978-0415114943"><bdi>978-0415114943</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkish%3A+a+comprehensive+grammar&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0415114943&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6ksel&rft.aufirst=Asli&rft.au=Kerslake%2C+Celia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrønnum2005" class="citation cs2">Grønnum, Nina (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9RtCAgAAQBAJ"><i>Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk</i></a> (3rd ed.), Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-87-500-3865-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-87-500-3865-8"><bdi>978-87-500-3865-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fonetik+og+fonologi%2C+Almen+og+Dansk&rft.place=Copenhagen&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Akademisk+Forlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-87-500-3865-8&rft.aulast=Gr%C3%B8nnum&rft.aufirst=Nina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9RtCAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeijmansGussenhoven1998" class="citation cs2">Heijmans, Linda; Gussenhoven, Carlos (1998), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gep.ruhosting.nl/carlos/weert.pdf">"The Dutch dialect of Weert"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>28</b> (1–2): 107–112, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100300006307">10.1017/S0025100300006307</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145635698">145635698</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=The+Dutch+dialect+of+Weert&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=107-112&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100300006307&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145635698%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Heijmans&rft.aufirst=Linda&rft.au=Gussenhoven%2C+Carlos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgep.ruhosting.nl%2Fcarlos%2Fweert.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenderson1983" class="citation cs2">Henderson, Michael M. T. (1983), "Four Varieties of Pashto", <i>Journal of the American Oriental Society</i>, <b>103</b> (3): 595–597, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F602038">10.2307/602038</a>, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/602038">602038</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Oriental+Society&rft.atitle=Four+Varieties+of+Pashto&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=595-597&rft.date=1983&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F602038&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F602038%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Michael+M.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKristoffersen2000" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Gjert_Kristoffersen" title="Gjert Kristoffersen">Kristoffersen, Gjert</a> (2000), <i>The Phonology of Norwegian</i>, Oxford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823765-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-823765-5"><bdi>978-0-19-823765-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Norwegian&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-823765-5&rft.aulast=Kristoffersen&rft.aufirst=Gjert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" title="Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Ian_Maddieson" title="Ian Maddieson">Maddieson, Ian</a> (1996), <i>The sounds of the World's Languages</i>, Oxford: Blackwell, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19815-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19815-4"><bdi>978-0-631-19815-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+sounds+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-631-19815-4&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Maddieson%2C+Ian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathiassen1996" class="citation cs2">Mathiassen, Terje (1996), <i>A Short Grammar of Lithuanian</i>, Slavica Publishers, Inc., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0893572679" title="Special:BookSources/978-0893572679"><bdi>978-0893572679</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Short+Grammar+of+Lithuanian&rft.pub=Slavica+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0893572679&rft.aulast=Mathiassen&rft.aufirst=Terje&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOftedal1956" class="citation cs2">Oftedal, M. (1956), <i>The Gaelic of Leurbost</i>, Oslo: Norsk Tidskrift for Sprogvidenskap</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gaelic+of+Leurbost&rft.place=Oslo&rft.pub=Norsk+Tidskrift+for+Sprogvidenskap&rft.date=1956&rft.aulast=Oftedal&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkada1999" class="citation cs2">Okada, Hideo (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_jpn_phon-2">"Japanese"</a>, in International Phonetic Association (ed.), <i>Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the Use of the International Phonetic Alphabet</i>, Cambridge University Press, pp. 117–119, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-52163751-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-52163751-0"><bdi>978-0-52163751-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Japanese&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association%3A+A+Guide+to+the+Use+of+the+International+Phonetic+Alphabet&rft.pages=117-119&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-52163751-0&rft.aulast=Okada&rft.aufirst=Hideo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Frosettaproject_jpn_phon-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPop1938" class="citation cs2">Pop, Sever (1938), <i>Micul Atlas Linguistic Român</i>, Muzeul Limbii Române Cluj</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Micul+Atlas+Linguistic+Rom%C3%A2n&rft.pub=Muzeul+Limbii+Rom%C3%A2ne+Cluj&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Pop&rft.aufirst=Sever&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2009" class="citation cs2">Roach, Peter (2009), <i>English Phonetics and Phonology: A Practical Course</i>, vol. 1 (4th ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-71740-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-71740-3"><bdi>978-0-521-71740-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Phonetics+and+Phonology%3A+A+Practical+Course&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-71740-3&rft.aulast=Roach&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged1995" class="citation cs2">Silverman, Daniel; Blankenship, Barbara; Kirk, Paul; <a href="/wiki/Peter_Ladefoged" title="Peter Ladefoged">Ladefoged, Peter</a> (1995), "Phonetic Structures in Jalapa Mazatec", <i>Anthropological Linguistics</i>, <b>37</b> (1), The Trustees of Indiana University: 70–88, <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/30028043">30028043</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anthropological+Linguistics&rft.atitle=Phonetic+Structures+in+Jalapa+Mazatec&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=70-88&rft.date=1995&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F30028043%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Silverman&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft.au=Blankenship%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Kirk%2C+Paul&rft.au=Ladefoged%2C+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSiptárTörkenczy2007" class="citation cs2">Siptár, Péter; Törkenczy, Miklós (2007), <i>The Phonology of Hungarian</i>, The Phonology of the World's Languages, Oxford University Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Hungarian&rft.series=The+Phonology+of+the+World%27s+Languages&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Sipt%C3%A1r&rft.aufirst=P%C3%A9ter&rft.au=T%C3%B6rkenczy%2C+Mikl%C3%B3s&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSjoberg1963" class="citation cs2">Sjoberg, Andrée F. (1963), <i>Uzbek Structural Grammar</i>, Uralic and Altaic Series, vol. 18, Bloomington: Indiana University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Uzbek+Structural+Grammar&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.series=Uralic+and+Altaic+Series&rft.pub=Indiana+University&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Sjoberg&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9e+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatson2007" class="citation cs2">Watson, Kevin (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/4011/1/download2.pdf?origin=publication_detail">"Liverpool English"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>37</b> (3): 351–360, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fs0025100307003180">10.1017/s0025100307003180</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Liverpool+English&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=351-360&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fs0025100307003180&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feprints.lancs.ac.uk%2F4011%2F1%2Fdownload2.pdf%3Forigin%3Dpublication_detail&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYanushevskayaBunčić2015" class="citation cs2">Yanushevskaya, Irena; Bunčić, Daniel (2015), "Russian", <i>Journal of the International Phonetic Association</i>, <b>45</b> (2): 221–228, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0025100314000395">10.1017/S0025100314000395</a></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+Phonetic+Association&rft.atitle=Russian&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=221-228&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0025100314000395&rft.aulast=Yanushevskaya&rft.aufirst=Irena&rft.au=Bun%C4%8Di%C4%87%2C+Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVoiceless+palatal+fricative" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C3%A7">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ç]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=j%CC%8A">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̊]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=j%CC%A5">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̥]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phoible.org/parameters?sSearch_0=%C3%A7%CC%9F">List of languages with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ç̟]</span></a> on <a href="/wiki/PHOIBLE" title="PHOIBLE">PHOIBLE</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235389435">.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-captioned{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122);padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{padding:0.2em;text-align:center;background-color:#f2f2ce;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-table .wraplinks .selflink{white-space:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow)[scope="col"]{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0;padding-right:0;max-width:4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable th:not(.IPA-pulmonic-placearrow)[scope="row"]{text-align:left;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-constable:not(.IPA-common-audiotable) td:not([colspan]){text-align:center;max-width:1.2em;min-width:1.2em;padding:0.1em 0.2em;font-size:125%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-audiotable td{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-noleftborder{border-left:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-norightborder{border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notopborder{border-top:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-nobottomborder{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-shaded{background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes{text-align:left;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div{float:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div ul{white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .IPA-common-notes>div ul li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-audiocell{width:40px;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .IPA-audiocell-symbol{font-size:120%}.mw-parser-output .IPA-audiocell-audio{height:20px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-audiocell-audio .ext-phonos-attribution{margin-left:0}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{background-color:#262600}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .IPA-common-caption{background-color:#262600}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049671">.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-placearrow{border-bottom:none;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow{border-top:none;text-align:left;vertical-align:bottom}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(even),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(9):not(.IPA-common-rightborder),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(11):not(.IPA-common-rightborder){border-right:none}.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(odd),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(10):not(.IPA-common-leftborder),.mw-parser-output .IPA-pulmonic-main td:nth-child(12):not(.IPA-common-leftborder){border-left:none}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233718997">.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-nocaption{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em 0.4em;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-main{text-align:left;padding:0 0.4em;line-height:2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-main>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-sect,.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-desc{margin-top:0.4em;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-symbol,.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-desc{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output .IPA-coarticulated-symbol{padding-left:0.2em;text-align:center;font-size:125%;width:1.25em}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233850583">.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main,.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div>span,.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-dot,.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio .IPA-audiocell{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main{table-layout:fixed;border-collapse:collapse;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-nocaption{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th{vertical-align:middle;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th[scope="col"]{padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main th[scope="row"]{text-align:right;padding-left:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-minorcaption{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-main td{vertical-align:middle;padding:0;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio td{width:106.67px;min-width:106.67px;height:32px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio td{width:200px;min-width:200px;height:60px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-image-cell{position:relative}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-image{position:absolute;top:0;left:0}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container{display:flex;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div{width:1em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:first-child{direction:rtl;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:last-child{direction:ltr;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:first-child>span{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-noaudio .IPA-vowels-container>div:last-child>span{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-container-dot{z-index:-1}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio .IPA-vowels-container>div:empty{width:40px}.mw-parser-output .IPA-vowels-audio .IPA-audiocell-audio{font-size:90%}</style><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:IPA_navigation" title="Template talk:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IPA_navigation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:IPA navigation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Phonetic_Alphabet_(chart)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="International Phonetic Alphabet">International Phonetic Alphabet</a> <span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">chart</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IPA_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IPA topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">IPA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Association" title="International Phonetic Association">International Phonetic Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="History of the International Phonetic Alphabet">History of the alphabet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voice_Quality_Symbols" title="Voice Quality Symbols">Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_International_Phonetic_Association" title="Journal of the International Phonetic Association"><i>Journal of the IPA</i> (<i>JIPA</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cursive_forms_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Cursive forms of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Cursive forms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Case_variants_of_IPA_letters" title="Case variants of IPA letters">Case variants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsolete_and_nonstandard_symbols_in_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Obsolete and nonstandard symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet">Obsolete and nonstandard symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_conventions_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Naming conventions of the International Phonetic Alphabet">Naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinological_extensions_to_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinological extensions to the International Phonetic Alphabet">Sinological extensions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Orthography" title="World Orthography">World Orthography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart_for_English_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart for English dialects">IPA chart for English dialects</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Encodings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_ASCII_encodings_of_the_International_Phonetic_Alphabet" title="Comparison of ASCII encodings of the International Phonetic Alphabet">ASCII encodings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SAMPA" title="SAMPA">SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-SAMPA" title="X-SAMPA">X-SAMPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirshenbaum" title="Kirshenbaum">Kirshenbaum</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIPA_(software)" title="TIPA (software)">TIPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonetic_symbols_in_Unicode" title="Phonetic symbols in Unicode">Phonetic symbols in Unicode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_number" title="IPA number">IPA number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">IPA Braille</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Consonants" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Consonant" title="Consonant">Consonants</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><b><a href="/wiki/Pulmonic_consonant" title="Pulmonic consonant">Pulmonic consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable IPA-pulmonic-main" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-pulmonic-placearrow"><a href="/wiki/Place_of_articulation" title="Place of articulation">Place</a> → </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Labial_consonant" title="Labial consonant">Labial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Coronal_consonant" title="Coronal consonant">Coronal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Dorsal_consonant" title="Dorsal consonant">Dorsal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Laryngeal_consonant" title="Laryngeal consonant">Laryngeal</a> </th></tr> <tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th scope="col" class="IPA-pulmonic-mannerarrow"><a href="/wiki/Manner_of_articulation" title="Manner of articulation">Manner</a> ↓ </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant">Bilabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant">Labiodental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Linguolabial_consonant" title="Linguolabial consonant">Linguolabial</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant">Dental</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant">Alveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant">Postalveolar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant">Retroflex</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant">Palatal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant">Velar</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant">Uvular</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant">Pharyngeal/epiglottal</a> </th> <th scope="col" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_consonant" title="Glottal consonant">Glottal</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasal stop">Nasal</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiceless bilabial nasal">m̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_nasal" title="Voiced bilabial nasal">m</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiceless labiodental nasal">ɱ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_nasal" title="Voiced labiodental nasal">ɱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_nasal" title="Voiced linguolabial nasal">n̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_nasal" title="Voiceless alveolar nasal">n̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_nasal" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar nasal">n</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiceless retroflex nasal">ɳ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced retroflex nasal">ɳ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_nasal" title="Voiceless palatal nasal">ɲ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_nasal" title="Voiced palatal nasal">ɲ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_nasal" title="Voiceless velar nasal">ŋ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_nasal" title="Voiceless uvular nasal">ɴ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_nasal" title="Voiced uvular nasal">ɴ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiceless bilabial plosive">p</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_plosive" title="Voiced bilabial plosive">b</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiceless labiodental plosive">p̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_plosive" title="Voiced labiodental plosive">b̪</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiceless linguolabial plosive">t̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_plosive" title="Voiced linguolabial plosive">d̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar plosive">t</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_plosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar plosive">d</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless retroflex plosive">ʈ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced retroflex plosive">ɖ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_plosive" title="Voiceless palatal plosive">c</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_plosive" title="Voiced palatal plosive">ɟ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_plosive" title="Voiceless velar plosive">k</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_plosive" title="Voiced velar plosive">ɡ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular plosive">q</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_plosive" title="Voiced uvular plosive">ɢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_plosive" title="Epiglottal plosive">ʡ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Glottal_stop" title="Glottal stop">ʔ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Sibilant" title="Sibilant">Sibilant</a> <a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">affricate</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar affricate">ts</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar affricate">dz</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiceless postalveolar affricate">t̠ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_affricate" title="Voiced postalveolar affricate">d̠ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex affricate">tʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex affricate">dʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate">tɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_affricate" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal affricate">dʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant affricate </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiceless bilabial affricate">pɸ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_affricate" title="Voiced bilabial affricate">bβ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiceless labiodental affricate">p̪f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_affricate" title="Voiced labiodental affricate">b̪v</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiceless dental non-sibilant affricate">t̪θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_non-sibilant_affricate" title="Voiced dental non-sibilant affricate">d̪ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant affricate">tɹ̝̊</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant affricate">dɹ̝</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">t̠ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_affricate" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant affricate">d̠ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal affricate">cç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_affricate" title="Voiced palatal affricate">ɟʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_affricate" title="Voiceless velar affricate">kx</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_affricate" title="Voiced velar affricate">ɡɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_affricate" title="Voiceless uvular affricate">qχ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_affricate" title="Voiced uvular affricate">ɢʁ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiceless epiglottal affricate">ʡʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_affricate" title="Voiced epiglottal affricate">ʡʢ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_affricate" title="Voiceless glottal affricate">ʔh</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Sibilant <a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">fricative</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolar fricative">s</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative" title="Voiced alveolar fricative">z</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiceless postalveolar fricative">ʃ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_fricative" title="Voiced postalveolar fricative">ʒ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex fricative">ʂ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex fricative">ʐ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative">ɕ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolo-palatal_fricative" title="Voiced alveolo-palatal fricative">ʑ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Non-sibilant fricative </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiceless bilabial fricative">ɸ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_fricative" title="Voiced bilabial fricative">β</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiceless labiodental fricative">f</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_fricative" title="Voiced labiodental fricative">v</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiceless linguolabial fricative">θ̼</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_fricative" title="Voiced linguolabial fricative">ð̼</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_dental_fricative" title="Voiceless dental fricative">θ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_fricative" title="Voiced dental fricative">ð</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar non-sibilant fricative">θ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-rightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar non-sibilant fricative">ð̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-leftborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_postalveolar_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced postalveolar non-sibilant fricative">ɹ̠˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ̊˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_non-sibilant_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced retroflex non-sibilant fricative">ɻ˔</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">ç</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_fricative" title="Voiced palatal fricative">ʝ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_fricative" title="Voiceless velar fricative">x</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_fricative" title="Voiced velar fricative">ɣ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_fricative" title="Voiceless uvular fricative">χ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_fricative" title="Voiced uvular fricative">ʁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiceless pharyngeal fricative">ħ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_pharyngeal_fricative" title="Voiced pharyngeal fricative">ʕ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_glottal_fricative" title="Voiceless glottal fricative">h</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-nobottomborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_glottal_fricative" title="Voiced glottal fricative">ɦ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">Approximant</a> </th> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_approximant" title="Voiced labiodental approximant">ʋ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar approximant">ɹ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex approximant">ɻ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_approximant" title="Voiced palatal approximant">j</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_approximant" title="Voiced velar approximant">ɰ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-notopborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Creaky-voiced_glottal_approximant" title="Creaky-voiced glottal approximant">ʔ̞</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tap_and_flap_consonants" title="Tap and flap consonants">Tap/flap</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_flap" title="Voiced bilabial flap">ⱱ̟</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labiodental_flap" title="Voiced labiodental flap">ⱱ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_linguolabial_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced linguolabial tap">ɾ̼</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_tap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar tap">ɾ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_and_alveolar_taps_and_flaps" title="Voiced dental and alveolar taps and flaps">ɾ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex flap">ɽ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_flap" title="Voiced retroflex flap">ɽ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_tap_and_flap" title="Voiced uvular tap and flap">ɢ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_tap" title="Voiced epiglottal tap">ʡ̆</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Trill_consonant" title="Trill consonant">Trill</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_trill" title="Voiceless bilabial trill">ʙ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_trill" title="Voiced bilabial trill">ʙ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_trill" title="Voiceless alveolar trill">r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_trill" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar trill">r</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_trill" title="Voiceless retroflex trill">ɽ̊r̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_trill" title="Voiced retroflex trill">ɽr</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_trill" title="Voiceless uvular trill">ʀ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_trill" title="Voiced uvular trill">ʀ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiceless epiglottal trill">ʜ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_epiglottal_trill" title="Voiced epiglottal trill">ʢ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral affricate">tɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced alveolar lateral affricate">dɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral affricate">tꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced retroflex lateral affricate">d𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless palatal lateral affricate">c𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced palatal lateral affricate">ɟʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiceless velar lateral affricate">k𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_affricate" title="Voiced velar lateral affricate">ɡʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral fricative">ɬ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_fricative" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral fricative">ɮ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral fricative">ꞎ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced retroflex lateral fricative">𝼅</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless palatal lateral fricative">𝼆</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced palatal lateral fricative">ʎ̝</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiceless velar lateral fricative">𝼄</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_fricative" title="Voiced velar lateral fricative">ʟ̝</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral approximant </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral approximant">l</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced retroflex lateral approximant">ɭ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced palatal lateral approximant">ʎ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced velar lateral approximant">ʟ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_lateral_approximant" title="Voiced uvular lateral approximant">ʟ̠</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral tap/flap </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless alveolar lateral flap">ɺ̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_flap" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral flap">ɺ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiceless retroflex lateral flap">𝼈̥</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_lateral_flap" title="Voiced retroflex lateral flap">𝼈</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_lateral_flap" title="Voiced palatal lateral flap">ʎ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_lateral_tap" title="Voiced velar lateral tap">ʟ̆</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Symbols to the right in a cell are <a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">voiced</a>, to the left are <a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">voiceless</a>. <span style="display: inline-block;">Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.</span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="nowrap"><div style="display: inline-block; margin-right: 2em;"><b>Non-pulmonic consonants</b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="wikitable nowrap IPA-common-table IPA-common-constable" style=""> <tbody><tr class="wrap wraplinks"> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_consonant" title="Bilabial consonant"><abbr title="Bilabial">BL</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_consonant" title="Labiodental consonant"><abbr title="Labiodental">LD</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Dental_consonant" title="Dental consonant"><abbr title="Dental">D</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_consonant" title="Alveolar consonant"><abbr title="Alveolar">A</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Postalveolar_consonant" title="Postalveolar consonant"><abbr title="Postalveolar">PA</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_consonant" title="Retroflex consonant"><abbr title="Retroflex">RF</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_consonant" title="Palatal consonant"><abbr title="Palatal">P</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Velar_consonant" title="Velar consonant"><abbr title="Velar">V</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_consonant" title="Uvular consonant"><abbr title="Uvular">U</abbr></a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Pharyngeal_consonant" title="Pharyngeal consonant"><abbr title="Epiglottal">EG</abbr></a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a> </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Stop</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_stop" title="Bilabial ejective stop">pʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_stop" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar ejective stop">tʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_stop" title="Retroflex ejective stop">ʈʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_ejective_stop" title="Palatal ejective stop">cʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_stop" title="Velar ejective stop">kʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_stop" title="Uvular ejective stop">qʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Epiglottal_ejective" class="mw-redirect" title="Epiglottal ejective">ʡʼ</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Affricate" title="Affricate">Affricate</a> </th> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_affricate" title="Labiodental ejective affricate">p̪fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_affricate" title="Dental ejective affricate">t̪θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar ejective affricate">tsʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_affricate" title="Palato-alveolar ejective affricate">t̠ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_affricate" title="Retroflex ejective affricate">tʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective affricate">tɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_affricate" title="Velar ejective affricate">kxʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular ejective affricate">qχʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_ejective_fricative" title="Bilabial ejective fricative">ɸʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labiodental_ejective_fricative" title="Labiodental ejective fricative">fʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_ejective_fricative" title="Dental ejective fricative">θʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar ejective fricative">sʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palato-alveolar_ejective_fricative" title="Palato-alveolar ejective fricative">ʃʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_ejective_fricative" title="Retroflex ejective fricative">ʂʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolo-palatal_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolo-palatal ejective fricative">ɕʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_ejective_fricative" title="Velar ejective fricative">xʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_ejective_fricative" title="Uvular ejective fricative">χʼ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> affricate </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Alveolar lateral ejective affricate">tɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Palatal lateral ejective affricate">c𝼆ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velar_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Velar lateral ejective affricate">k𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Uvular_lateral_ejective_affricate" title="Uvular lateral ejective affricate">q𝼄ʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Lateral fricative </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_ejective_fricative" title="Alveolar lateral ejective fricative">ɬʼ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Click_consonant" title="Click consonant">Click</a><br />(top: velar;<br />bottom: uvular) </th> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_consonant" title="Tenuis consonant">Tenuis</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_bilabial_click" title="Tenuis bilabial click">kʘ<br />qʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_dental_click" title="Tenuis dental click">kǀ<br />qǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_click" title="Tenuis alveolar click">kǃ<br />qǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_retroflex_click" title="Tenuis retroflex click">k𝼊<br />q𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_palatal_click" title="Tenuis palatal click">kǂ<br />qǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)" title="Voice (phonetics)">Voiced</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_click" title="Voiced bilabial click">ɡʘ<br />ɢʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_dental_click" title="Voiced dental click">ɡǀ<br />ɢǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_click" title="Voiced alveolar click">ɡǃ<br />ɢǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_click" title="Voiced retroflex click">ɡ𝼊<br />ɢ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_click" title="Voiced palatal click">ɡǂ<br />ɢǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_click" title="Nasal click">Nasal</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Bilabial_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilabial nasal click">ŋʘ<br />ɴʘ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Dental_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Dental nasal click">ŋǀ<br />ɴǀ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar nasal click">ŋǃ<br />ɴǃ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Retroflex_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroflex nasal click">ŋ𝼊<br />ɴ𝼊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Palatal_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Palatal nasal click">ŋǂ<br />ɴǂ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Back-released_click" title="Back-released click">ʞ</a></span><br />  </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Tenuis <a href="/wiki/Lateral_click" title="Lateral click">lateral</a> </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Tenuis_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenuis alveolar lateral click">kǁ<br />qǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Voiced lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_lateral_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar lateral click">ɡǁ<br />ɢǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Nasal lateral </th> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Alveolar_lateral_nasal_click" class="mw-redirect" title="Alveolar lateral nasal click">ŋǁ<br />ɴǁ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-shaded"> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a> </th> <th scope="row">Voiced </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiced bilabial implosive">ɓ</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_implosive" class="mw-redirect" title="Voiced alveolar implosive">ɗ</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiced retroflex implosive">ᶑ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_palatal_implosive" title="Voiced palatal implosive">ʄ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_implosive" title="Voiced velar implosive">ɠ</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_uvular_implosive" title="Voiced uvular implosive">ʛ</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voicelessness" title="Voicelessness">Voiceless</a> </th> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabial_implosive" title="Voiceless bilabial implosive">ɓ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td> <td class="IPA-common-norightborder"> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder IPA-common-norightborder"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_alveolar_implosive" title="Voiceless alveolar implosive">ɗ̥</a></span> </td> <td class="IPA-common-noleftborder"> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_retroflex_implosive" title="Voiceless retroflex implosive">ᶑ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_palatal_implosive" title="Voiceless palatal implosive">ʄ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_velar_implosive" title="Voiceless velar implosive">ɠ̊</a></span> </td> <td><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular_implosive" title="Voiceless uvular implosive">ʛ̥</a></span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_consonant_chart_with_audio" title="IPA consonant chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_non-pulmonic_consonants" title="Template:IPA non-pulmonic consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div><div style="display: inline-block;"><b><a href="/wiki/Co-articulated_consonant" title="Co-articulated consonant">Co-articulated consonants</a></b> <table role="presentation" class="" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td> <div class="nowrap IPA-coarticulated-main IPA-coarticulated-nocaption" style=""> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Nasal_consonant" title="Nasal consonant">Nasal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–alveolar nasal">n͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93coronal_consonant" title="Labial–coronal consonant">Labial–alveolar</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_nasal" title="Voiced labial–retroflex nasal">ɳ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93retroflex_consonant" title="Labial–retroflex consonant">Labial–retroflex</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_nasal" title="Voiced labial–velar nasal">ŋ͡m</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93velar_consonant" title="Labial–velar consonant">Labial–velar</a></div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Plosive" title="Plosive">Plosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–alveolar plosive">t͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93alveolar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–alveolar plosive">d͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–retroflex plosive">ʈ͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93retroflex_plosive" title="Voiced labial–retroflex plosive">ɖ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–retroflex</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar plosive">k͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_plosive" title="Voiced labial–velar plosive">ɡ͡b</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_plosive" title="Voiceless uvular–epiglottal plosive">q͡ʡ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Uvular%E2%80%93epiglottal_consonant" title="Uvular–epiglottal consonant">Uvular–epiglottal</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93uvular_plosive" title="Voiceless labial–uvular plosive">q͡p</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93uvular_consonant" title="Labial–uvular consonant">Labial–uvular</a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Fricative" title="Fricative">Fricative</a>/<a href="/wiki/Approximant" title="Approximant">approximant</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93palatal_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–palatal fricative">ɥ̊</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93palatal_approximant" title="Voiced labial–palatal approximant">ɥ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Labio-palatalization" title="Labio-palatalization">Labial–palatal</a></div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_fricative" title="Voiceless labial–velar fricative">ʍ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Voiced labial–velar approximant">w</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> </div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound">ɧ</a></span></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Sj-sound" title="Sj-sound"><i>Sj</i>-sound</a> (variable)</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Lateral_consonant" title="Lateral consonant">Lateral</a> approximant</div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Velarized_alveolar_lateral_approximant" class="mw-redirect" title="Velarized alveolar lateral approximant">ɫ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc"><a href="/wiki/Velarization" title="Velarization">Velarized</a> alveolar</div> </div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Implosive_consonant" title="Implosive consonant">Implosive</a></div> <div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiceless labial–velar implosive">ɠ̊͜ɓ̥</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_labial%E2%80%93velar_implosive" title="Voiced labial–velar implosive">ɠ͡ɓ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–velar</div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-sect"><a href="/wiki/Ejective_consonant" title="Ejective consonant">Ejective</a></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"></div><div class="IPA-coarticulated-symbol"><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Labial%E2%80%93alveolar_ejective_stop" title="Labial–alveolar ejective stop">t͡pʼ</a></span></div> <div class="IPA-coarticulated-desc">Labial–alveolar</div> </div> </div> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_co-articulated_consonants" title="Template:IPA co-articulated consonants">template</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Other" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_labial%E2%80%93velar_approximant" title="Nasal labial–velar approximant">Nasal labial–velar approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[w̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nasal_palatal_approximant" title="Nasal palatal approximant">Nasal palatal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[j̃]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bidental_fricative" title="Voiceless bidental fricative">Voiceless bidental fricative</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̪͆]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_bilabially_post-trilled_dental_stop" title="Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop">Voiceless bilabially post-trilled dental stop</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[t̪ʙ̥]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiceless_nasal_glottal_approximant" title="Voiceless nasal glottal approximant">Voiceless nasal glottal approximant</a> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[h̃]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Vowels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Vowel" title="Vowel">Vowels</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" class="" style="margin: auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="nowrap IPA-vowels-main IPA-vowels-nocaption IPA-vowels-noaudio" style=""> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Front_vowel" title="Front vowel">Front</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Central_vowel" title="Central vowel">Central</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Back_vowel" title="Back vowel">Back</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close_vowel" title="Close vowel">Close</a> </th> <td class="IPA-vowels-image-cell"><span class="IPA-vowels-image skin-invert notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/320px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/480px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg/640px-Blank_vowel_trapezoid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-22px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close front unrounded vowel">i</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close front rounded vowel">y</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-1px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close central unrounded vowel">ɨ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close central rounded vowel">ʉ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close back unrounded vowel">ɯ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close back rounded vowel">u</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_vowel" title="Near-close vowel">Near-close</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(40px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front unrounded vowel">ɪ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-front_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-front rounded vowel">ʏ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(-15px, -1px);"><div></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-close_near-back_rounded_vowel" title="Near-close near-back rounded vowel">ʊ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_vowel" title="Close-mid vowel">Close-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front unrounded vowel">e</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid front rounded vowel">ø</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central unrounded vowel">ɘ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid central rounded vowel">ɵ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Close-mid back rounded vowel">o</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Mid_vowel" title="Mid vowel">Mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid front unrounded vowel">e̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Mid front rounded vowel">ø̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(32px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Mid back unrounded vowel">ɤ̞</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Mid back rounded vowel">o̞</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_vowel" title="Open-mid vowel">Open-mid</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(64px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front unrounded vowel">ɛ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid front rounded vowel">œ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(42px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central unrounded vowel">ɜ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_central_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid central rounded vowel">ɞ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back unrounded vowel">ʌ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open-mid back rounded vowel">ɔ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="IPA-vowels-minorcaption"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_vowel" title="Near-open vowel">Near-open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(85px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Near-open front unrounded vowel">æ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(53px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Near-open_central_vowel" title="Near-open central vowel">ɐ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Open_vowel" title="Open vowel">Open</a> </th> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(106px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_unrounded_vowel" title="Open front unrounded vowel">a</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_front_rounded_vowel" title="Open front rounded vowel">ɶ</a></span></span></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(63px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_central_unrounded_vowel" title="Open central unrounded vowel">ä</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div></div></div> </td> <td><div class="IPA-vowels-container" style="transform: translate(21px, -1px);"><div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_unrounded_vowel" title="Open back unrounded vowel">ɑ</a></span></span></div> <div class="IPA-vowels-container-dot"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="•" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/5px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/8px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Disc_Plain_black.svg/10px-Disc_Plain_black.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div><span><span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Open_back_rounded_vowel" title="Open back rounded vowel">ɒ</a></span></span></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="IPA-common-notes"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">IPA help</a></li> <li><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/17px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/22px-Loudspeaker.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/IPA_vowel_chart_with_audio" title="IPA vowel chart with audio">audio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Phonetic_Alphabet_chart" title="International Phonetic Alphabet chart">full chart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:IPA_vowels" title="Template:IPA vowels">template</a></li></ul> </div> <p>Legend: <a href="/wiki/Roundedness" title="Roundedness">unrounded <span style="color: var(--color-base, #202122);">•</span> rounded</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&oldid=1255649866">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&oldid=1255649866</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fricative_consonants" title="Category:Fricative consonants">Fricative consonants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Central_consonants" title="Category:Central consonants">Central consonants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Palatal_consonants" title="Category:Palatal consonants">Palatal consonants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Voiceless_oral_consonants" title="Category:Voiceless oral consonants">Voiceless oral consonants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pulmonic_consonants" title="Category:Pulmonic consonants">Pulmonic consonants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Voiceless_approximants" title="Category:Voiceless approximants">Voiceless approximants</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn no-target errors">Harv and Sfn no-target errors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_infobox_IPA_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using infobox IPA with unknown parameters">Pages using infobox IPA with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Assamese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Assamese-language text">Articles containing Assamese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Azerbaijani-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text">Articles containing Azerbaijani-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Blackfoot-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Blackfoot-language text">Articles containing Blackfoot-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Wu_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Wu Chinese-language text">Articles containing Wu Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hakka-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hakka-language text">Articles containing Hakka-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Danish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Danish-language text">Articles containing Danish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Estonian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Estonian-language text">Articles containing Estonian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Finnish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Finnish-language text">Articles containing Finnish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing French-language text">Articles containing French-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations" title="Category:Pages including recorded pronunciations">Pages including recorded pronunciations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Haida-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Haida-language text">Articles containing Haida-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hmong-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hmong-language text">Articles containing Hmong-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Hungarian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Hungarian-language text">Articles containing Hungarian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Icelandic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Icelandic-language text">Articles containing Icelandic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Irish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Irish-language text">Articles containing Irish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_examples" title="Category:All articles needing examples">All articles needing examples</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_examples_from_August_2016" title="Category:Articles needing examples from August 2016">Articles needing examples from August 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Kabyle-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Kabyle-language text">Articles containing Kabyle-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Korean-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Korean-language text">Articles containing Korean-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Norwegian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Norwegian-language text">Articles containing Norwegian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Pashto-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Pashto-language text">Articles containing Pashto-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Romanian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Romanian-language text">Articles containing Romanian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Russian-language text">Articles containing Russian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Scottish_Gaelic-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text">Articles containing Scottish Gaelic-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Sicilian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Sicilian-language text">Articles containing Sicilian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Spanish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Spanish-language text">Articles containing Spanish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Turkish-language text">Articles containing Turkish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Walloon-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Walloon-language text">Articles containing Walloon-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Welsh-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Welsh-language text">Articles containing Welsh-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Belarusian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Belarusian-language text">Articles containing Belarusian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Greek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Greek-language text">Articles containing Greek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Limburgish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Limburgish-language text">Articles containing Limburgish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Lithuanian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Lithuanian-language text">Articles containing Lithuanian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ukrainian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ukrainian-language text">Articles containing Ukrainian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Uzbek-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Uzbek-language text">Articles containing Uzbek-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Mandarin_Chinese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Mandarin Chinese-language text">Articles containing Mandarin Chinese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Washo-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Washo-language text">Articles containing Washo-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 6 November 2024, at 00:06<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Voiceless_palatal_fricative&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-697b7966c5-zwgj8","wgBackendResponseTime":222,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.907","walltime":"2.257","ppvisitednodes":{"value":17738,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":519784,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":55878,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":31,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":127257,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1934.869 1 -total"," 31.27% 605.046 1 Template:IPA_navigation"," 28.38% 549.024 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 22.69% 439.073 4 Template:IPA_common"," 13.97% 270.292 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants"," 13.31% 257.603 257 Template:IPA_link"," 11.94% 230.980 1 Template:IPA_pulmonic_consonants/table"," 11.77% 227.683 26 Template:Citation"," 10.72% 207.374 2 Template:Infobox_IPA"," 10.38% 200.852 2 Template:Infobox_IPA/core1"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.018","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20675556,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAmbrazas_et_al.1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArvaniti2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBallWatkins1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBasbøll2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBauer\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBauerWarren2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanelladaMadsen1987\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCollinsMees2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoxFletcher2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCoxPalethorpe2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDamirchizadeh1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFagyalMoisset1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrønnum2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGökselKerslake2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeijmansGussenhoven1998\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenderson1983\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIosad2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKristoffersen2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLadefogedMaddieson1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMathiassen1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoranMcCloy2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOftedal1956\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOkada1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPop1938\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRoach2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilvermanBlankenshipKirkLadefoged1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSiptárTörkenczy2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSjoberg1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSten1963\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWatson2007\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWells2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFYanushevskayaBunčić2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Angbr\"] = 1,\n [\"Angbr IPA\"] = 15,\n [\"Audio-IPA\"] = 5,\n [\"Central articulation\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 26,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 5,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Example needed\"] = 8,\n [\"Fricative\"] = 1,\n [\"Gloss\"] = 2,\n [\"Harvcoltxt\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvid\"] = 1,\n [\"IPA\"] = 97,\n [\"IPA navigation\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAblink\"] = 7,\n [\"IPAslink\"] = 9,\n [\"Infobox IPA\"] = 2,\n [\"Lang\"] = 45,\n [\"Oral\"] = 1,\n [\"Palatal\"] = 1,\n [\"Phoible\"] = 4,\n [\"Pulmonic\"] = 1,\n [\"Refbegin\"] = 1,\n [\"Refend\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Script/Arabic\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 45,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Transl\"] = 10,\n [\"Voiceless\"] = 1,\n [\"Webarchive\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","360","28.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","280","21.9"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","10.9"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","100","7.8"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","4.7"],["pairs","60","4.7"],["type","60","4.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::frameExists","40","3.1"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","3.1"],["validateData \u003Cmw.lua:728\u003E","20","1.6"],["[others]","120","9.4"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-d465dfd78-bch8w","timestamp":"20241126123040","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Voiceless palatal fricative","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Voiceless_palatal_fricative","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q506701","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q506701","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-14T00:10:38Z","dateModified":"2024-11-06T00:06:42Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f1\/IPA_Unicode_0x00E7.svg","headline":"consonantal sound"}</script> </body> </html>