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id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">63 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steenvrug" title="Steenvrug – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Steenvrug" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9" title="حسلة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حسلة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%CC%8Dk-k%C3%B3" title="He̍k-kó – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="He̍k-kó" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Касцянка – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Касцянка" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B0" title="कोइलीदार फर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="कोइलीदार फर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Костилков плод – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Костилков плод" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1tunica_(plod)" title="Koštunica (plod) – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Koštunica (plod)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peckovice" title="Peckovice – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Peckovice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gea%C4%91ge%C5%A1addosat" title="Geađgešaddosat – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Geađgešaddosat" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinfrucht" title="Steinfrucht – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Steinfrucht" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twardopackaty_p%C5%82od" title="Twardopackaty płod – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Twardopackaty płod" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luuvili" title="Luuvili – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luuvili" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%81%CF%8D%CF%80%CE%B7" title="Δρύπη – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δρύπη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupo" title="Drupo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Drupo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%81%D8%AA_(%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C)" title="شفت (گیاه‌شناسی) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شفت (گیاه‌شناسی)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupe" title="Drupe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Drupe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%BAp" title="Drúp – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Drúp" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%B5%EA%B3%BC" title="핵과 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="핵과" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A0%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%B2" title="गुठलीदार फल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गुठलीदार फल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%B3%C4%8Dkaty_p%C5%82%C3%B3d" title="Póčkaty płód – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Póčkaty płód" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupo" title="Drupo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Drupo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinaldin" title="Steinaldin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Steinaldin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%9F" title="בית גלעין – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בית גלעין" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%99%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="კურკიანა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კურკიანა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaulavaisis" title="Kaulavaisis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kaulavaisis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/drupepa" title="drupepa – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="drupepa" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr%C3%B9pa" title="Drùpa – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Drùpa" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Csonth%C3%A9jas_term%C3%A9sek" title="Csonthéjas termések – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Csonthéjas termések" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%82" title="ആമ്രകം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ആമ്രകം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drup" title="Drup – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Drup" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steenvrucht" title="Steenvrucht – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Steenvrucht" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E6%9E%9C" title="核果 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="核果" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinfrukt" title="Steinfrukt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Steinfrukt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinfrukt" title="Steinfrukt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Steinfrukt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danak" title="Danak – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Danak" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%B2" title="ਗੁਠਲੀਦਾਰ ਫਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੁਠਲੀਦਾਰ ਫਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pestkowiec" title="Pestkowiec – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pestkowiec" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drupa" title="Drupa – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Drupa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drup%C4%83" title="Drupă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Drupă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Костянка – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Костянка" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone_fruit" title="Stone fruit – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Stone fruit" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B4stkovica" title="Kôstkovica – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kôstkovica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1%C4%8Di%C4%8Dast_plod" title="Koščičast plod – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Koščičast plod" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%95%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="میوەی بەرد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="میوەی بەرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0_(%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4)" title="Коштуница (плод) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Коштуница (плод)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1tunica_(plod)" title="Koštunica (plod) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Koštunica (plod)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / 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title="Stone fruit">Stone fruit</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fleshy fruit with hard inner layer (endocarp or stone) surrounding the seed</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Drupe" title="Special:EditPage/Drupe">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Drupe%22">"Drupe"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Drupe%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Drupe%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Drupe%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Drupe%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Drupe%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2011</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=File:Drupe_fruit_diagram.svg&lang=en" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Drupe_fruit_diagram.svg/250px-Drupe_fruit_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Drupe_fruit_diagram.svg/375px-Drupe_fruit_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Drupe_fruit_diagram.svg/500px-Drupe_fruit_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="322" /></a><figcaption>Diagram of a typical drupe (<a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a>), showing both <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nectarine_Fruit_Development.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Nectarine_Fruit_Development.jpg/300px-Nectarine_Fruit_Development.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Nectarine_Fruit_Development.jpg/450px-Nectarine_Fruit_Development.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Nectarine_Fruit_Development.jpg/600px-Nectarine_Fruit_Development.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2440" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption>The development sequence of a typical drupe, a smooth-skinned (<a href="/wiki/Peach#Nectarines" title="Peach">nectarine</a>) type of peach (<i>Prunus persica</i>) over a <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">7<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span>-month period, from bud formation in early winter to fruit ripening in midsummer</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Botany" title="Botany">botany</a>, a <b>drupe</b> (or <b>stone fruit</b>) is a type of <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruit</a> in which an outer fleshy part (<a href="/wiki/Exocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Exocarp">exocarp</a>, or skin, and <a href="/wiki/Mesocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesocarp">mesocarp</a>, or flesh) surrounds a single shell (the <i>pip</i> (UK), <i>pit</i> (US), <i>stone</i>, or <i><a href="/wiki/Pyrena" title="Pyrena">pyrena</a></i>) of hardened <a href="/wiki/Endocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocarp">endocarp</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Seed" title="Seed">seed</a> (<i>kernel</i>) inside. Drupes do not split open to release the seed, i.e., they are <a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">indehiscent</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Stern_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These fruits usually develop from a single <a href="/wiki/Carpel" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpel">carpel</a>, and mostly from flowers with <a href="/wiki/Superior_ovary" class="mw-redirect" title="Superior ovary">superior ovaries</a><sup id="cite_ref-Stern_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Polypyrenous_drupe" class="mw-redirect" title="Polypyrenous drupe">polypyrenous drupes</a> are exceptions). </p><p>The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard, woody (<a href="/wiki/Lignified" class="mw-redirect" title="Lignified">lignified</a>) stone is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Ovary_(botany)" title="Ovary (botany)">ovary</a> wall of the <a href="/wiki/Flower" title="Flower">flower</a>. In an <a href="/wiki/Aggregate_fruit" title="Aggregate fruit">aggregate fruit</a>, which is composed of small, individual drupes (such as a <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberry</a>), each individual is termed a <b>drupelet</b>, and may together form an aggregate fruit. Such fruits are often termed <i><a href="/wiki/Berries" class="mw-redirect" title="Berries">berries</a></i>, although botanists use a <a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">different definition of <i>berry</i></a>. Other fleshy fruits may have a stony enclosure that comes from the seed coat surrounding the seed, but such fruits are not drupes. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Flowering plants</a> that produce drupes include <a href="/wiki/Coffea_arabica" title="Coffea arabica">coffee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jujube" title="Jujube">jujube</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mango</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olive</a>, most palms (including <a href="/wiki/A%C3%A7a%C3%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Açaí">açaí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Date_Palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Date Palm">date</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sabal" title="Sabal">sabal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oil_palm" class="mw-redirect" title="Oil palm">oil palms</a>), <a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">pistachio</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_sapote" title="White sapote">white sapote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">cashew</a>, and all members of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Prunus" title="Prunus">Prunus</a></i>, including the <a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">almond</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Damson" title="Damson">damson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nectarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nectarine">nectarine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plum</a>. </p><p>The term <b>drupaceous</b> is applied to a fruit having the structure and texture of a drupe,<sup id="cite_ref-FNAG_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNAG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but which does not precisely fit the definition of a drupe. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drupe&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The boundary between a drupe and a berry is not always clear. Thus, some sources describe the fruit of species from the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Persea" title="Persea">Persea</a></i>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocado</a>, as a drupe,<sup id="cite_ref-FNA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> others describe avocado fruit as a berry.<sup id="cite_ref-Arms08_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One definition of <i>berry</i> requires the endocarp to be less than <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1154941027">2 mm (<span class="frac"><span class="num">3</span>⁄<span class="den">32</span></span> in) thick, other fruits with a stony endocarp being drupes.<sup id="cite_ref-Been10_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Been10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In marginal cases, terms such as <i>drupaceous</i> or <i>drupe-like</i> may be used.<sup id="cite_ref-FNAG_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FNAG-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Been10_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Been10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term <b>stone fruit</b> (also <b>stonefruit</b>) can be a synonym for drupe or, more typically, it can mean just the fruit of the genus <i>Prunus</i>. </p><p><b>Freestone</b> refers to a drupe having a stone which can be removed from the flesh with ease. The flesh is not attached to the stone and does not need to be cut to free the stone. Freestone varieties of fruits are preferred for uses that require careful removal of the stone, especially if removal will be done by hand. Freestone plums are preferred for making homegrown <a href="/wiki/Prune" title="Prune">prunes</a>, and freestone <a href="/wiki/Sour_cherry" class="mw-redirect" title="Sour cherry">sour cherries</a> are preferred for making pies and <a href="/wiki/Cherry_soup" class="mw-redirect" title="Cherry soup">cherry soup</a>. </p><p><b>Clingstone</b> refers to a drupe having a stone which cannot be easily removed from the flesh. The flesh is attached strongly to the stone and must be cut to free the stone. Clingstone varieties of fruits in the genus <i>Prunus</i> are preferred as table fruit and for jams, because the flesh of clingstone fruits tends to be more tender and juicy throughout. </p><p><b>Tryma</b> is a specialized term for such <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nut</a>-like drupes that are difficult to categorize. Hickory nuts (<a href="/wiki/Carya_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Carya (genus)"><i>Carya</i></a>) and <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Juglans" title="Juglans">Juglans</a></i>) in the <a href="/wiki/Juglandaceae" title="Juglandaceae">Juglandaceae</a> family grow within an outer husk; these fruits are technically drupes or drupaceous nuts, thus are not true botanical <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">nuts</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Arms08_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Arms08-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology">Ecology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drupe&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ecology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many drupes, with their sweet, fleshy outer layer, attract the attention of animals as a <a href="/wiki/Food" title="Food">food</a>, and the plant population benefits from the resulting <a href="/wiki/Seed_dispersal" title="Seed dispersal">dispersal of its seeds</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Endocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Endocarp">endocarp</a> (pit or stone) is sometimes dropped after the fleshy part is eaten, but is often swallowed, passing through the <a href="/wiki/Digestive_tract" class="mw-redirect" title="Digestive tract">digestive tract</a>, and returned to the soil in <a href="/wiki/Feces" title="Feces">feces</a> with the seed inside unharmed. This passage through the digestive tract can reduce the thickness of the endocarp, thus can aid in germination rates. The process is known as <a href="/wiki/Scarification_(botany)" title="Scarification (botany)">scarification</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drupe&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Typical drupes include <a href="/wiki/Apricot" title="Apricot">apricots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">olives</a>, <a href="/wiki/Loquat" title="Loquat">loquat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peaches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plum" title="Plum">plums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherry" title="Cherry">cherries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mangoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">pecans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Phyllanthus_emblica" title="Phyllanthus emblica">amlas</a> (Indian gooseberries). Other examples include sloe (<i><a href="/wiki/Prunus_spinosa" title="Prunus spinosa">Prunus spinosa</a></i>) and ivy (<i><a href="/wiki/Hedera_helix" title="Hedera helix">Hedera helix</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">coconut</a> is also a drupe, but the <a href="/wiki/Mesocarp" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesocarp">mesocarp</a> is fibrous or dry (termed a <i>husk</i><sup id="cite_ref-Stern_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), so this type of fruit is classified as a simple dry, fibrous drupe. Unlike other drupes, the coconut seed is so large that it is unlikely to be dispersed by being swallowed by <a href="/wiki/Fauna_(animals)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fauna (animals)">fauna</a>, but it can float extremely long distances—across oceans. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bramble" class="mw-redirect" title="Bramble">Bramble</a> fruits such as the <a href="/wiki/Blackberry" title="Blackberry">blackberry</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Raspberry" title="Raspberry">raspberry</a> are aggregates of drupelets. The fruit of blackberries and raspberries comes from a single flower whose <a href="/wiki/Pistil" class="mw-redirect" title="Pistil">pistil</a> is made up of a number of free carpels. However, <a href="/wiki/Mulberry" class="mw-redirect" title="Mulberry">mulberries</a>, which closely resemble blackberries, are not aggregate fruit, but are <a href="/wiki/Multiple_fruit" title="Multiple fruit">multiple fruits</a>, actually derived from bunches of <a href="/wiki/Catkin" title="Catkin">catkins</a>, each drupelet thus belonging to a different flower. </p><p>Certain drupes occur in large clusters, as in the case of palm species, where a large array of drupes is found in a cluster. Examples of such large drupe clusters include <a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">dates</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Jubaea_chilensis" class="mw-redirect" title="Jubaea chilensis">Jubaea chilensis</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in central Chile and <i><a href="/wiki/Washingtonia_filifera" title="Washingtonia filifera">Washingtonia filifera</a></i> in the <a href="/wiki/Sonoran_Desert" title="Sonoran Desert">Sonoran Desert</a> of North America. </p><p>Drupe-like "fruits" are also known in many <a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">gymnosperms</a> like <a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">cycads</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginkgo" title="Ginkgo">ginkgos</a> and some <a href="/wiki/Cypress" title="Cypress">cypresses</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drupe&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NIEdot325.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Assorted drupes"><img alt="Assorted drupes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NIEdot325.jpg/73px-NIEdot325.jpg" decoding="async" width="73" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NIEdot325.jpg/110px-NIEdot325.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/NIEdot325.jpg/147px-NIEdot325.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="1408" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Assorted drupes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Autumn_Red_peaches.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The peach is a typical drupe (stone fruit)"><img alt="The peach is a typical drupe (stone fruit)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Autumn_Red_peaches.jpg/120px-Autumn_Red_peaches.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Autumn_Red_peaches.jpg/180px-Autumn_Red_peaches.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Autumn_Red_peaches.jpg/240px-Autumn_Red_peaches.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="1896" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Peach" title="Peach">peach</a> is a typical drupe (stone fruit)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Prunus_-_Elena.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="'Elena', a freestone prune plum"><img alt="'Elena', a freestone prune plum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prunus_-_Elena.JPG/120px-Prunus_-_Elena.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prunus_-_Elena.JPG/180px-Prunus_-_Elena.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Prunus_-_Elena.JPG/240px-Prunus_-_Elena.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1117" data-file-height="919" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">'Elena', a freestone <a href="/wiki/Prune_plum" title="Prune plum">prune plum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nectarine_stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The pit of a nectarine"><img alt="The pit of a nectarine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nectarine_stone.jpg/120px-Nectarine_stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nectarine_stone.jpg/180px-Nectarine_stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Nectarine_stone.jpg/240px-Nectarine_stone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The pit of a <a href="/wiki/Nectarine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nectarine">nectarine</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Pepper_(Piper_nigrum)_fruits.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Unripe drupes of black pepper"><img alt="Unripe drupes of black pepper" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg/80px-Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg/120px-Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg/160px-Black_Pepper_%28Piper_nigrum%29_fruits.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="3750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Unripe drupes of <a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Butte_blackberry.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="'Black Butte' blackberry, a bramble fruit of aggregated drupelets"><img alt="'Black Butte' blackberry, a bramble fruit of aggregated drupelets" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Black_Butte_blackberry.jpg/79px-Black_Butte_blackberry.jpg" decoding="async" width="79" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Black_Butte_blackberry.jpg/118px-Black_Butte_blackberry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Black_Butte_blackberry.jpg/157px-Black_Butte_blackberry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1831" data-file-height="2790" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">'Black Butte' blackberry, a bramble fruit of aggregated drupelets</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arecanut.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A ripe areca nut"><img alt="A ripe areca nut" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Arecanut.jpg/120px-Arecanut.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Arecanut.jpg/180px-Arecanut.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Arecanut.jpg/240px-Arecanut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A ripe <a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">areca nut</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginkgo_biloba_007.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ginkgo "fruits", often noted as drupe-like"><img alt="Ginkgo "fruits", often noted as drupe-like" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ginkgo_biloba_007.jpg/90px-Ginkgo_biloba_007.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ginkgo_biloba_007.jpg/135px-Ginkgo_biloba_007.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Ginkgo_biloba_007.jpg/180px-Ginkgo_biloba_007.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1570" data-file-height="2093" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo" title="Ginkgo">Ginkgo</a> "fruits", often noted as drupe-like</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drupe&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Pome</a> (polypyrenous drupe)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drupe&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Stern-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFStern1997" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Kingsley R. (1997). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/introductoryplan00ster"><i>Introductory Plant Biology</i></a></span> (Seventh ed.). Dubuque: Wm. C. Brown. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-07-114448-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-07-114448-X"><bdi>0-07-114448-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introductory+Plant+Biology&rft.place=Dubuque&rft.edition=Seventh&rft.pub=Wm.+C.+Brown&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0-07-114448-X&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Kingsley+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fintroductoryplan00ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FNAG-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FNAG_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FNAG_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKigerPorter2001" class="citation web cs1">Kiger, Robert W. & Porter, Duncan M. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fmhibd.library.cmu.edu/HIBD-DB/FNA/findrecords.php">"Find term 'drupaceous'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Categorical Glossary for the Flora of North America Project</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-08-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Categorical+Glossary+for+the+Flora+of+North+America+Project&rft.atitle=Find+term+%27drupaceous%27&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Kiger&rft.aufirst=Robert+W.&rft.au=Porter%2C+Duncan+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffmhibd.library.cmu.edu%2FHIBD-DB%2FFNA%2Ffindrecords.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FNA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FNA_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWofford" class="citation book cs1">Wofford, B. Eugene. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=124627">"Persea"</a>. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). <i>Flora of North America </i>(online)<i><span></span></i>. eFloras.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-03-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Persea&rft.btitle=Flora+of+North+America+%28online%29&rft.pub=eFloras.org&rft.aulast=Wofford&rft.aufirst=B.+Eugene&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efloras.org%2Fflorataxon.aspx%3Fflora_id%3D1%26taxon_id%3D124627&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arms08-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Arms08_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Arms08_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2008" class="citation web cs1">Armstrong, W. P. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waynesword.net/fruitid1.htm">"Identification of Major Fruit Types"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Identification+of+Major+Fruit+Types&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=W.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waynesword.net%2Ffruitid1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Been10-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Been10_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Been10_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeentje2010" class="citation book cs1">Beentje, Henk (2010). <i>The Kew Plant Glossary</i>. Richmond, Surrey: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84246-422-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84246-422-9"><bdi>978-1-84246-422-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Kew+Plant+Glossary&rft.place=Richmond%2C+Surrey&rft.pub=Royal+Botanic+Gardens%2C+Kew&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84246-422-9&rft.aulast=Beentje&rft.aufirst=Henk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong2009" class="citation web cs1">Armstrong, W. P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waynesword.net/ecoph8.htm">"Fruits Called Nuts"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-01-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fruits+Called+Nuts&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=W.+P.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waynesword.net%2Fecoph8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. <i>Excursion Flora of the British Isles</i>. Cambridge University Press<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-04656-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-04656-4">0-521-04656-4</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">C. Michael Hogan. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82831"><i>Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis</i>, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121017013207/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=82831">Archived</a> October 17, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFContrerasDuijnsteeRanksMarshall2017" class="citation journal cs1">Contreras, D.L.; Duijnstee, I.A.P.; Ranks, S.; Marshall, C.R.; Looy, C.V. (February 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ppees.2016.11.002">"Evolution of dispersal strategies in conifers: Functional divergence and convergence in the morphology of diaspores"</a>. <i>Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics</i>. <b>24</b>: 93–117. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PPEES..24...93C">2017PPEES..24...93C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ppees.2016.11.002">10.1016/j.ppees.2016.11.002</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Perspectives+in+Plant+Ecology%2C+Evolution+and+Systematics&rft.atitle=Evolution+of+dispersal+strategies+in+conifers%3A+Functional+divergence+and+convergence+in+the+morphology+of+diaspores&rft.volume=24&rft.pages=93-117&rft.date=2017-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ppees.2016.11.002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2017PPEES..24...93C&rft.aulast=Contreras&rft.aufirst=D.L.&rft.au=Duijnstee%2C+I.A.P.&rft.au=Ranks%2C+S.&rft.au=Marshall%2C+C.R.&rft.au=Looy%2C+C.V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ppees.2016.11.002&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrupe" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drupe&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/freestone" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:freestone">freestone</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/clingstone" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:clingstone">clingstone</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201223072054/https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/fruitid1.htm">Identification of Major Fruit Types</a> (archived)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200315011337/https://www2.palomar.edu/users/warmstrong/ecoph8.htm">Fruits Called Nuts</a> (archived)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:The New International Encyclopædia/Drupe"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_New_International_Encyclop%C3%A6dia/Drupe">"Drupe" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_International_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="New International Encyclopedia">New International Encyclopedia</a></i>. 1905.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Drupe&rft.btitle=New+International+Encyclopedia&rft.date=1905&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADrupe" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Fruits" title="Template:Fruits"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Fruits" title="Template talk:Fruits"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Fruits" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Fruits"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_fruits" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of <a href="/wiki/Fruit" title="Fruit">fruits</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Achene" title="Achene">Achene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)" title="Berry (botany)">Berry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hesperidium" title="Hesperidium">Hesperidium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_(botany)#Modified_berries" title="Berry (botany)">Pepo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsule_(fruit)" title="Capsule (fruit)">Capsule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryopsis" title="Caryopsis">Caryopsis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Follicle_(fruit)" title="Follicle (fruit)">Follicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legume" title="Legume">Legume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loment" title="Loment">Loment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pome" title="Pome">Pome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samara_(fruit)" title="Samara (fruit)">Samara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schizocarp" title="Schizocarp">Schizocarp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silique" title="Silique">Silique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syconium" title="Syconium">Syconium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories of fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessory_fruit" title="Accessory fruit">Accessory fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit#Simple_fruit" title="Fruit">Simple fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compound_fruit" title="Compound fruit">Compound fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggregate_fruit" title="Aggregate fruit">Aggregate fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_fruit" title="Multiple fruit">Multiple fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehiscence_(botany)" title="Dehiscence (botany)">Dehiscent fruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Function</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaspore_(botany)" title="Diaspore (botany)">Diaspore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drift_seed" title="Drift seed">Drift fruit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Nuts" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Nuts" title="Template:Nuts"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Nuts" title="Template talk:Nuts"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nuts" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Nuts"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Nuts" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">Nuts</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">True, or <a href="/wiki/Nut_(fruit)" title="Nut (fruit)">botanical nuts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acorn" title="Acorn">Acorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech" title="Beech">Beech</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_grandifolia" title="Fagus grandifolia">American beech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fagus_sylvatica" title="Fagus sylvatica">European beech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brosimum_alicastrum" title="Brosimum alicastrum">Breadnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleurites_moluccanus" title="Aleurites moluccanus">Candlenut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chestnut" title="Chestnut">Chestnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Castanea_sativa" class="mw-redirect" title="Castanea sativa">Sweet chestnut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelnut" title="Hazelnut">Hazelnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_americana" title="Corylus americana">American hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_cornuta" title="Corylus cornuta">Beaked hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_avellana" title="Corylus avellana">European hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_maxima" title="Corylus maxima">Filbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corylus_heterophylla" title="Corylus heterophylla">Asian hazel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kola_nut" title="Kola nut">Kola nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brachychiton" title="Brachychiton">Kurrajong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pachira_aquatica" title="Pachira aquatica">Malabar chestnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeis_guineensis" title="Elaeis guineensis">Palm nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hicksbeachia_pinnatifolia" title="Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia">Red bopple nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beilschmiedia_bancroftii" title="Beilschmiedia bancroftii">Yellow walnut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Drupes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Almond" title="Almond">Almond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semecarpus_australiensis" title="Semecarpus australiensis">Australian cashew nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Areca_nut" title="Areca nut">Betel nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shorea" title="Shorea">Borneo tallow nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">Breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cashew" title="Cashew">Cashew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gevuina" title="Gevuina">Chilean hazel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut" title="Coconut">Coconut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durian" title="Durian">Durian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coula_edulis" title="Coula edulis">Gabon nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hickory" title="Hickory">Hickory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carya_tomentosa" title="Carya tomentosa">Mockernut hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pecan" title="Pecan">Pecan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_ovata" title="Carya ovata">Shagbark hickory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carya_laciniosa" title="Carya laciniosa">Shellbark hickory</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaeocarpus_bancroftii" title="Elaeocarpus bancroftii">Johnstone River almond</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Irvingia_gabonensis" title="Irvingia gabonensis">Irvingia gabonensis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackfruit" title="Jackfruit">Jack nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karuka" title="Karuka">Karuka</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_julianettii" class="mw-redirect" title="Pandanus julianettii">Planted karuka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pandanus_brosimos" title="Pandanus brosimos">Wild karuka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongongo" title="Mongongo">Mongongo</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Panda_oleosa" title="Panda oleosa">Panda oleosa</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caryocar_nuciferum" title="Caryocar nuciferum">Pekea nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarium_ovatum" title="Canarium ovatum">Pili nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistachio" title="Pistachio">Pistachio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">Walnut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_nigra" title="Juglans nigra">Black walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_cinerea" title="Juglans cinerea">Butternut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_regia" title="Juglans regia">English walnut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juglans_ailantifolia" title="Juglans ailantifolia">Heartnut</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gymnosperm" title="Gymnosperm">Gymnosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cycad" title="Cycad">Cycad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macrozamia" title="Macrozamia">Burrawang nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo nut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Araucaria" title="Araucaria">Araucaria</a></i> spp. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_bidwillii" title="Araucaria bidwillii">Bunya nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Araucaria_araucana" title="Araucaria araucana">Monkey-puzzle nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_nut" title="Pine nut">Pine nut</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_gerardiana" title="Pinus gerardiana">Chilgoza pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_edulis" title="Pinus edulis">Colorado pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_koraiensis" title="Pinus koraiensis">Korean pine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_cembroides" title="Pinus cembroides">Mexican pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinus_monophylla" title="Pinus monophylla">Single-leaf pinyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_pine" title="Stone pine">Stone pine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazil_nut" title="Brazil nut">Brazil nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia" title="Macadamia">Macadamia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_tetraphylla" title="Macadamia tetraphylla">Macadamia nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macadamia_integrifolia" title="Macadamia integrifolia">Queensland macadamia nut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lecythis" title="Lecythis">Paradise nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">Peanut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterculia_quadrifida" title="Sterculia quadrifida">Peanut tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soybean" title="Soybean">Soybean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drupe&oldid=1252913218">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Drupe&oldid=1252913218</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Drupes" title="Category:Drupes">Drupes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Edible_nuts_and_seeds" title="Category:Edible nuts and seeds">Edible nuts and seeds</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Fruit_morphology" title="Category:Fruit morphology">Fruit morphology</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_November_2011" title="Category:Articles needing additional 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