CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="preload" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/astra-local-fonts/inter-tight/NGSnv5HMAFg6IuGlBNMjxJEL2VmU3NS7Z2mjPQ-aWy5S.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin><link rel="preload" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/astra-local-fonts/poppins/pxiEyp8kv8JHgFVrJJfecg.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin><link rel="preload" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/astra-local-fonts/roboto/KFOMCnqEu92Fr1ME7kSn66aGLdTylUAMQXC89YmC2DPNWuYjalmUiAo.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin><meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <title>Anti-Fungal Strains: Role of Lab Testing in Research</title> <meta name="description" content="Understand the various types of Antifungal strains and discover their role in Anti-fungal testing." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/antifungal-strains/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Antifungal Strains" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Understand the various types of Antifungal strains and discover their role in Anti-fungal testing." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://microbe-investigations.com/antifungal-strains/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Swiss Anti-Bacterial & Anti-Viral Testing Laboratory, ISO Certified | MIS" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-11-29T07:34:26+00:00" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1.webp" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="3 minutes" />  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Swiss Anti-Bacterial & Anti-Viral Testing Laboratory, ISO Certified | MIS » Feed" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Swiss Anti-Bacterial & Anti-Viral Testing Laboratory, ISO Certified | MIS » Comments Feed" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/comments/feed/" /> <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-theme-css-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/main.min.css?ver=4.8.10' media='all' /> <style id='astra-theme-css-inline-css'> :root{--ast-post-nav-space:0;--ast-container-default-xlg-padding:3em;--ast-container-default-lg-padding:3em;--ast-container-default-slg-padding:2em;--ast-container-default-md-padding:3em;--ast-container-default-sm-padding:3em;--ast-container-default-xs-padding:2.4em;--ast-container-default-xxs-padding:1.8em;--ast-code-block-background:#EEEEEE;--ast-comment-inputs-background:#FAFAFA;--ast-normal-container-width:1200px;--ast-narrow-container-width:750px;--ast-blog-title-font-weight:normal;--ast-blog-meta-weight:inherit;--ast-global-color-primary:var(--ast-global-color-5);--ast-global-color-secondary:var(--ast-global-color-4);--ast-global-color-alternate-background:var(--ast-global-color-7);--ast-global-color-subtle-background:var(--ast-global-color-6);}html{font-size:93.75%;}a{color:#ee1938;}a:hover,a:focus{color:#ee1938;}body,button,input,select,textarea,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button{font-family:'Poppins',sans-serif;font-weight:400;font-size:15px;font-size:1rem;line-height:var(--ast-body-line-height,1.65em);}blockquote{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}p,.entry-content p{margin-bottom:0.5em;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6,.site-title,.site-title a{font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;font-weight:700;}.site-title{font-size:35px;font-size:2.3333333333333rem;display:none;}header .custom-logo-link img{max-width:220px;width:220px;}.astra-logo-svg{width:220px;}.site-header .site-description{font-size:15px;font-size:1rem;display:none;}.entry-title{font-size:26px;font-size:1.7333333333333rem;}.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover{overflow:hidden;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:64px;font-size:4.2666666666667rem;font-weight:700;font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:1.4em;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:48px;font-size:3.2rem;font-weight:700;font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:1.3em;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:24px;font-size:1.6rem;font-weight:700;font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;line-height:1.3em;}h4,.entry-content h4{font-size:20px;font-size:1.3333333333333rem;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:700;font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;}h5,.entry-content h5{font-size:18px;font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:700;font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;}h6,.entry-content h6{font-size:15px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25em;font-weight:700;font-family:'Roboto',sans-serif;}::selection{background-color:#ee1938;color:#ffffff;}body,h1,.entry-title a,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.tagcloud a:hover,.tagcloud a:focus,.tagcloud a.current-item{color:#ffffff;border-color:#ee1938;background-color:#ee1938;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,textarea:focus{border-color:#ee1938;}input[type="radio"]:checked,input[type=reset],input[type="checkbox"]:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:hover:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:focus:checked,input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{border-color:#ee1938;background-color:#ee1938;box-shadow:none;}.site-footer a:hover + .post-count,.site-footer a:focus + .post-count{background:#ee1938;border-color:#ee1938;}.single .nav-links .nav-previous,.single .nav-links .nav-next{color:#ee1938;}.entry-meta,.entry-meta *{line-height:1.45;color:#ee1938;}.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover *,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus *,.page-links > .page-link,.page-links .page-link:hover,.post-navigation a:hover{color:#ee1938;}#cat option,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a:visited{color:#ee1938;}.secondary .calendar_wrap #today,.ast-progress-val span{background:#ee1938;}.secondary a:hover + .post-count,.secondary a:focus + .post-count{background:#ee1938;border-color:#ee1938;}.calendar_wrap #today > a{color:#ffffff;}.page-links .page-link,.single .post-navigation a{color:#ee1938;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form button.search-submit{padding:0 4px;}.ast-search-menu-icon form.search-form{padding-right:0;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field{width:0;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field:focus{transition:all 0.2s;}.search-form input.search-field:focus{outline:none;}.ast-archive-title{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.widget-title,.widget .wp-block-heading{font-size:21px;font-size:1.4rem;color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.ast-single-post .entry-content a,.ast-comment-content a:not(.ast-comment-edit-reply-wrap a){text-decoration:underline;}.ast-single-post .wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link,.ast-single-post .elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button,.ast-single-post .entry-content .uagb-tab a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .uagb-ifb-cta a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .wp-block-uagb-buttons a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .uabb-module-content a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .uagb-post-grid a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .uagb-timeline a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .uagb-toc__wrap a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .uagb-taxomony-box a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .woocommerce a,.entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts > li > a,.ast-single-post .entry-content .wp-block-file__button,li.ast-post-filter-single,.ast-single-post .wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link,.ast-single-post .ast-comment-content .comment-reply-link,.ast-single-post .ast-comment-content .comment-edit-link{text-decoration:none;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search a:focus-visible:focus-visible,.astra-search-icon:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,.ast-menu-toggle:focus-visible,.site .skip-link:focus-visible,.wp-block-loginout input:focus-visible,.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper,.ast-header-navigation-arrow:focus-visible,.woocommerce .wc-proceed-to-checkout > .checkout-button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation ul li a:focus-visible,.ast-orders-table__row .ast-orders-table__cell:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-order-details .order-again > .button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-message a.button.wc-forward:focus-visible,.woocommerce #minus_qty:focus-visible,.woocommerce #plus_qty:focus-visible,a#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-info a:focus-visible,.woocommerce .astra-shop-summary-wrap a:focus-visible,.woocommerce a.wc-forward:focus-visible,#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item a.remove:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,.button.search-submit:focus-visible,#search_submit:focus,.normal-search:focus-visible,.ast-header-account-wrap:focus-visible,.woocommerce .ast-on-card-button.ast-quick-view-trigger:focus{outline-style:dotted;outline-color:inherit;outline-width:thin;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,.wp-block-search__input:focus,[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal:focus,.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .menu-toggle-close:focus,.woocommerce-ordering select.orderby:focus,#ast-scroll-top:focus,#coupon_code:focus,.woocommerce-page #comment:focus,.woocommerce #reviews #respond input#submit:focus,.woocommerce a.add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .button.single_add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form__cart-item .quantity .qty:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-billing-fields .woocommerce-billing-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce #order_comments:focus,.woocommerce #place_order:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-address-fields .woocommerce-address-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content .woocommerce-EditAccountForm .woocommerce-form-row .woocommerce-Input.input-text:focus,.woocommerce .ast-woocommerce-container .woocommerce-pagination ul.page-numbers li a:focus,body #content .woocommerce form .form-row .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single:focus,#ast-coupon-code:focus,.woocommerce.woocommerce-js .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce p#ast-coupon-trigger:focus{border-style:dotted;border-color:inherit;border-width:thin;}input{outline:none;}.site-logo-img img{ transition:all 0.2s linear;}body .ast-oembed-container *{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;}body .wp-block-embed-pocket-casts .ast-oembed-container *{position:unset;}.ast-single-post-featured-section + article {margin-top: 2em;}.site-content .ast-single-post-featured-section img {width: 100%;overflow: hidden;object-fit: cover;}.site > .ast-single-related-posts-container {margin-top: 0;}@media (min-width: 922px) {.ast-desktop .ast-container--narrow {max-width: var(--ast-narrow-container-width);margin: 0 auto;}}@media (max-width:921.9px){#ast-desktop-header{display:none;}}@media (min-width:922px){#ast-mobile-header{display:none;}}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{justify-content:center;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-theme-transparent-header #primary,.ast-theme-transparent-header #secondary{padding:0;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar #primary{padding:0;}}.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar #primary{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;}@media (min-width:1200px){.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar #primary{margin-top:60px;margin-bottom:60px;}}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link{border-color:#ee1938;}div.wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),div.wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color){color:#ee1938;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color):hover{color:#ffffff;background-color:#ee1938;border-color:#ee1938;}.post-page-numbers.current .page-link,.ast-pagination .page-numbers.current{color:#ffffff;border-color:#ee1938;background-color:#ee1938;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button,.ast-outline-button{border-color:#ee1938;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1em;}.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color),.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color),.ast-outline-button{color:#ee1938;}.wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link:focus,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline > .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):hover,.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color):hover,.ast-outline-button:hover,.ast-outline-button:focus,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button:hover,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#ee1938;border-color:#ee1938;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button.is-style-outline:not(.has-background),.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button:not(.has-background),.ast-outline-button{background-color:transparent;}.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > figure{margin-bottom:1em;}h1.widget-title{font-weight:700;}h2.widget-title{font-weight:700;}h3.widget-title{font-weight:700;}#page{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:100vh;}.ast-404-layout-1 h1.page-title{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.single .post-navigation a{line-height:1em;height:inherit;}.error-404 .page-sub-title{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:inherit;}.search .site-content .content-area .search-form{margin-bottom:0;}#page .site-content{flex-grow:1;}.widget{margin-bottom:1.25em;}#secondary li{line-height:1.5em;}#secondary .wp-block-group h2{margin-bottom:0.7em;}#secondary h2{font-size:1.7rem;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comment-respond{padding:3em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single .ast-article-single{padding:0;}.ast-article-single .wp-block-post-template-is-layout-grid{padding-left:0;}.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-narrow-container .comments-title{padding:1.5em 2em;}.ast-page-builder-template .comment-form-textarea,.ast-comment-formwrap .ast-grid-common-col{padding:0;}.ast-comment-formwrap{padding:0;display:inline-flex;column-gap:20px;width:100%;margin-left:0;margin-right:0;}.comments-area textarea#comment:focus,.comments-area textarea#comment:active,.comments-area .ast-comment-formwrap input[type="text"]:focus,.comments-area .ast-comment-formwrap input[type="text"]:active {box-shadow:none;outline:none;}.archive.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header{margin-top:2em;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-comment-formwrap{width:100%;}.entry-title{margin-bottom:0.5em;}.ast-archive-description p{font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1,.hentry{margin-bottom:2em;}@media (min-width:921px){.ast-left-sidebar.ast-page-builder-template #secondary,.archive.ast-right-sidebar.ast-page-builder-template .site-main{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-comment-formwrap.ast-row{column-gap:10px;display:inline-block;}#ast-commentform .ast-grid-common-col{position:relative;width:100%;}}@media (min-width:1201px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .ast-author-box,.ast-separate-container .ast-404-layout-1,.ast-separate-container .no-results{padding:3em;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding:1.5em 0;}#primary,#secondary{padding:1.5em 0;margin:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #content > .ast-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;width:100%;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border:0;}.search-no-results.ast-separate-container #primary{margin-bottom:4em;}}.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{border-style:solid;text-decoration:none;border-top-width:0;border-right-width:0;border-left-width:0;border-bottom-width:0;}body .elementor-button.elementor-size-sm,body .elementor-button.elementor-size-xs,body .elementor-button.elementor-size-md,body .elementor-button.elementor-size-lg,body .elementor-button.elementor-size-xl,body .elementor-button{padding-top:15px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:30px;}@media (max-width:921px){.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-sm,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-xs,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-md,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-lg,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-xl,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{padding-top:14px;padding-right:28px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:28px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-sm,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-xs,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-md,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-lg,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button.elementor-size-xl,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{padding-top:12px;padding-right:24px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:24px;}}.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{border-color:#ee1938;background-color:#ee1938;}.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:hover,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#ee1938;border-color:#ee1938;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link ,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{color:#ffffff;}.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{line-height:1em;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#ee1938;border-color:#ee1938;}.elementor-widget-heading h1.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.4em;}.elementor-widget-heading h2.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.3em;}.elementor-widget-heading h3.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.3em;}.elementor-widget-heading h4.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.2em;}.elementor-widget-heading h5.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.2em;}.elementor-widget-heading h6.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.25em;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button{border-color:#ee1938;background-color:#ee1938;color:#ffffff;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1em;padding-top:15px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:30px;}@media (max-width:921px){.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button{padding-top:14px;padding-right:28px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:28px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link,.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__button,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button{padding-top:12px;padding-right:24px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:24px;}}.menu-toggle,button,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button,.button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"],form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,.search .search-submit{border-style:solid;border-top-width:0;border-right-width:0;border-left-width:0;border-bottom-width:0;color:#ffffff;border-color:#ee1938;background-color:#ee1938;padding-top:15px;padding-right:30px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:30px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1em;}button:focus,.menu-toggle:hover,button:hover,.ast-button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover .button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover ,input[type=reset]:hover,input[type=reset]:focus,input#submit:hover,input#submit:focus,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:focus,form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button:hover,form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button:focus,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button:hover,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:#ee1938;border-color:#ee1938;}form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button.has-icon{padding-top:calc(15px - 3px);padding-right:calc(30px - 3px);padding-bottom:calc(15px - 3px);padding-left:calc(30px - 3px);}@media (max-width:921px){.menu-toggle,button,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button,.button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"],form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,.search .search-submit{padding-top:14px;padding-right:28px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:28px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.menu-toggle,button,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button,.button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"],form[CLASS*="wp-block-search__"].wp-block-search .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__button,body .wp-block-file .wp-block-file__button,.search .search-submit{padding-top:12px;padding-right:24px;padding-bottom:12px;padding-left:24px;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon{display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon{margin:0;}.ast-comment-avatar-wrap img{max-width:2.5em;}.ast-comment-meta{padding:0 1.8888em 1.3333em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .comment-respond{padding:2em 2.14em;}}@media (min-width:544px){.ast-container{max-width:100%;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{padding:1.5em 1em;}.ast-separate-container #content .ast-container{padding-left:0.54em;padding-right:0.54em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor{padding:.5em;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field{width:170px;}} #ast-mobile-header .ast-site-header-cart-li a{pointer-events:none;}@media (min-width:545px){.ast-page-builder-template .comments-area,.single.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header,.single.ast-page-builder-template .post-navigation,.single.ast-page-builder-template .ast-single-related-posts-container{max-width:1240px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}}.ast-separate-container{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);background-image:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.site-title{display:none;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-title{display:none;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:921px){html{font-size:85.5%;}}@media (max-width:544px){html{font-size:85.5%;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-container{max-width:1240px;}}@media (min-width:922px){.site-content .ast-container{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:921px){.site-content .ast-container{flex-direction:column;}}@media (min-width:922px){.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu:hover > .sub-menu,.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu.focus > .sub-menu{margin-left:-0px;}}.site .comments-area{padding-bottom:3em;}.wp-block-file {display: flex;align-items: center;flex-wrap: wrap;justify-content: space-between;}.wp-block-pullquote {border: none;}.wp-block-pullquote blockquote::before {content: "\201D";font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif;display: flex;transform: rotate( 180deg );font-size: 6rem;font-style: normal;line-height: 1;font-weight: bold;align-items: center;justify-content: center;}.has-text-align-right > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-start;}.has-text-align-left > blockquote::before {justify-content: flex-end;}figure.wp-block-pullquote.is-style-solid-color blockquote {max-width: 100%;text-align: inherit;}:root {--wp--custom--ast-default-block-top-padding: 3em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding: 3em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-bottom-padding: 3em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding: 3em;--wp--custom--ast-container-width: 1200px;--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size: 1200px;--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size: calc(1200px + var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding) + var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding));}.ast-narrow-container {--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size: 750px;--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size: 750px;}@media(max-width: 921px) {:root {--wp--custom--ast-default-block-top-padding: 3em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding: 2em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-bottom-padding: 3em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding: 2em;}}@media(max-width: 544px) {:root {--wp--custom--ast-default-block-top-padding: 3em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding: 1.5em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-bottom-padding: 3em;--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding: 1.5em;}}.entry-content > .wp-block-group,.entry-content > .wp-block-cover,.entry-content > .wp-block-columns {padding-top: var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-top-padding);padding-right: var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding);padding-bottom: var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-bottom-padding);padding-left: var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding);}.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content > .alignfull,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-no-sidebar .entry-content > .alignfull {margin-left: calc( -50vw + 50%);margin-right: calc( -50vw + 50%);max-width: 100vw;width: 100vw;}.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignfull,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignfull,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignwide,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignwide,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignfull,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignfull,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignwide,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignwide,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide,.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width: 100%;}[data-ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-dots) {height: 0;}[data-ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-separator {margin: 20px auto;}[data-ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots) {max-width: 100px;}[data-ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-separator.has-background {padding: 0;}.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > * {max-width: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide {max-width: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size);}.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] .alignfull {max-width: none;}.entry-content .wp-block-columns {margin-bottom: 0;}blockquote {margin: 1.5em;border-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.wp-block-quote:not(.has-text-align-right):not(.has-text-align-center) {border-left: 5px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.has-text-align-right > blockquote,blockquote.has-text-align-right {border-right: 5px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.has-text-align-left > blockquote,blockquote.has-text-align-left {border-left: 5px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.05);}.wp-block-site-tagline,.wp-block-latest-posts .read-more {margin-top: 15px;}.wp-block-loginout p label {display: block;}.wp-block-loginout p:not(.login-remember):not(.login-submit) input {width: 100%;}.wp-block-loginout input:focus {border-color: transparent;}.wp-block-loginout input:focus {outline: thin dotted;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 0 0 0 8%;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 0 8% 0 0;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-background .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 8%;}.entry-content .wp-block-cover:not([class*="background-color"]):not(.has-text-color.has-link-color) .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.entry-content .wp-block-cover:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover-image-text,.entry-content .wp-block-cover:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover-text,.entry-content .wp-block-cover-image:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.entry-content .wp-block-cover-image:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover-image-text,.entry-content .wp-block-cover-image:not([class*="background-color"]) .wp-block-cover-text {color: var(--ast-global-color-primary,var(--ast-global-color-5));}.wp-block-loginout .login-remember input {width: 1.1rem;height: 1.1rem;margin: 0 5px 4px 0;vertical-align: middle;}.wp-block-latest-posts > li > *:first-child,.wp-block-latest-posts:not(.is-grid) > li:first-child {margin-top: 0;}.entry-content > .wp-block-buttons,.entry-content > .wp-block-uagb-buttons {margin-bottom: 1.5em;}.wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__input {padding: 0 10px;color: var(--ast-global-color-3);background: var(--ast-global-color-primary,var(--ast-global-color-5));border-color: var(--ast-border-color);}.wp-block-latest-posts .read-more {margin-bottom: 1.5em;}.wp-block-search__no-button .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__input {padding-top: 5px;padding-bottom: 5px;}.wp-block-latest-posts .wp-block-latest-posts__post-date,.wp-block-latest-posts .wp-block-latest-posts__post-author {font-size: 1rem;}.wp-block-latest-posts > li > *,.wp-block-latest-posts:not(.is-grid) > li {margin-top: 12px;margin-bottom: 12px;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > *,.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .alignfull:not(.wp-block-group):not(.uagb-is-root-container) > * {max-width: none;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide:not(.uagb-is-root-container) > * {max-width: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size);}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .inherit-container-width > *,.ast-page-builder-template .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > *:not(.wp-block-group):not(.uagb-is-root-container) > *,.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .wp-block-cover .wp-block-cover__inner-container {max-width: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size) ;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] .wp-block-cover:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright) {width: auto;}@media(max-width: 1200px) {.ast-separate-container .entry-content > .alignfull,.ast-separate-container .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide,.ast-plain-container .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide,.ast-plain-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: calc(-1 * min(var(--ast-container-default-xlg-padding),20px)) ;margin-right: calc(-1 * min(var(--ast-container-default-xlg-padding),20px));}}@media(min-width: 1201px) {.ast-separate-container .entry-content > .alignfull {margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--ast-container-default-xlg-padding) );margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--ast-container-default-xlg-padding) );}.ast-separate-container .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide,.ast-plain-container .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > .alignwide {margin-left: calc(-1 * var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-left-padding) );margin-right: calc(-1 * var(--wp--custom--ast-default-block-right-padding) );}}@media(min-width: 921px) {.ast-separate-container .entry-content .wp-block-group.alignwide:not(.inherit-container-width) > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright)),.ast-plain-container .entry-content .wp-block-group.alignwide:not(.inherit-container-width) > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright)) {max-width: calc( var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size) + 80px );}.ast-plain-container.ast-right-sidebar .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] .alignfull,.ast-plain-container.ast-left-sidebar .entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] .alignfull {margin-left: -60px;margin-right: -60px;}}@media(min-width: 544px) {.entry-content > .alignleft {margin-right: 20px;}.entry-content > .alignright {margin-left: 20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.wp-block-columns .wp-block-column:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:20px;}.wp-block-latest-posts{margin:0;}}@media( max-width: 600px ) {.entry-content .wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__content,.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 8% 0 0;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-background .wp-block-media-text__content {padding: 8%;}}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header {padding-left: 0;}.ast-narrow-container .site-content .wp-block-uagb-image--align-full .wp-block-uagb-image__figure {max-width: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root{--ast-global-color-0:#046bd2;--ast-global-color-1:#045cb4;--ast-global-color-2:#ffffff;--ast-global-color-3:#ffffff;--ast-global-color-4:#f9fafb;--ast-global-color-5:#FFFFFF;--ast-global-color-6:#ffffff;--ast-global-color-7:#ffffff;--ast-global-color-8:#ffffff;}:root {--ast-border-color : var(--ast-global-color-6);}.ast-single-entry-banner {-js-display: flex;display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;text-align: center;position: relative;background: #eeeeee;}.ast-single-entry-banner[data-banner-layout="layout-1"] {max-width: 1200px;background: inherit;padding: 20px 0;}.ast-single-entry-banner[data-banner-width-type="custom"] {margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;}.ast-single-entry-banner + .site-content .entry-header {margin-bottom: 0;}.site .ast-author-avatar {--ast-author-avatar-size: ;}a.ast-underline-text {text-decoration: underline;}.ast-container > .ast-terms-link {position: relative;display: block;}a.ast-button.ast-badge-tax {padding: 4px 8px;border-radius: 3px;font-size: inherit;}header.entry-header > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-archive-entry-banner {-js-display: flex;display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;text-align: center;position: relative;background: #eeeeee;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-width-type="custom"] {margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-layout="layout-1"] {background: inherit;padding: 20px 0;text-align: left;}body.archive .ast-archive-description{max-width:1200px;width:100%;text-align:left;padding-top:3em;padding-right:3em;padding-bottom:3em;padding-left:3em;}body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title,body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title *{font-size:40px;font-size:2.6666666666667rem;text-transform:capitalize;}body.archive .ast-archive-description > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px;}@media (max-width:921px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}@media (max-width:544px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items li{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;background:inherit;text-indent:0;text-decoration:none;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse{font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items{list-style:none;}.trail-items li::after{padding:0 0.3em;content:"\00bb";}.trail-items li:last-of-type::after{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}.entry-title a{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-3-firstrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:first-child,.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-3-lastrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:last-child{grid-column:1 / -1;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-3-firstrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:first-child,.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-3-lastrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:last-child{grid-column:1 / -1;}}.ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}}[data-section*="section-hb-button-"] .menu-link{display:none;}.ast-header-button-1[data-section*="section-hb-button-"] .ast-builder-button-wrap .ast-custom-button{font-family:'Inter Tight',sans-serif;font-weight:500;font-size:1rem;}.ast-header-button-1 .ast-custom-button{color:#ffffff;background:#ee1938;border-color:#ee1938;}.ast-header-button-1[data-section*="section-hb-button-"] .ast-builder-button-wrap .ast-custom-button{padding-top:16px;padding-bottom:16px;padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}.ast-header-button-1[data-section="section-hb-button-1"]{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-button-1[data-section="section-hb-button-1"]{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-button-1[data-section="section-hb-button-1"]{display:flex;}}.ast-builder-menu-1{font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item > .menu-link{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);padding-top:18px;padding-bottom:18px;padding-left:18px;padding-right:18px;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item:hover > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item:hover > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.current-menu-item > .menu-link,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle,.ast-builder-menu-1 .current-menu-ancestor > .menu-link{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.current-menu-item > .ast-menu-toggle{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}.ast-builder-menu-1 .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .sub-menu{border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-color:#ee1938;border-style:solid;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .sub-menu .sub-menu{top:0px;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:1px;}.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu:before,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper:before{height:calc( 1px + 0px + 5px );}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:18px;right:calc( 18px - 0.907em );}.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item .sub-menu .menu-link{border-style:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{right:-15px;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0;}}.ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}}.ast-builder-html-element img.alignnone{display:inline-block;}.ast-builder-html-element p:first-child{margin-top:0;}.ast-builder-html-element p:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .ast-builder-html-element{line-height:1.85714285714286;}.ast-header-html-1 .ast-builder-html-element{font-size:15px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-header-html-1{font-size:15px;font-size:1rem;}.ast-header-html-1{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-html-1{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-html-1{display:flex;}}.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: block;z-index: 4;position: relative;}.ast-search-icon .ast-icon {z-index: 4;}.ast-search-icon {z-index: 4;position: relative;line-height: normal;}.main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {background-color: #ffffff;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active.slide-search .search-form {visibility: visible;opacity: 1;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {border: 1px solid #e7e7e7;line-height: normal;padding: 0 3em 0 0;border-radius: 2px;display: inline-block;-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;backface-visibility: hidden;position: relative;color: inherit;background-color: #fff;}.ast-search-menu-icon .astra-search-icon {-js-display: flex;display: flex;line-height: normal;}.ast-search-menu-icon .astra-search-icon:focus {outline: none;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {border: none;background-color: transparent;transition: all .3s;border-radius: inherit;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;width: 0;color: #757575;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: none;background: none;border: none;font-size: 1.3em;color: #757575;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active {visibility: visible;opacity: 1;position: relative;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field,.ast-dropdown-active.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field {width: 235px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-form {-js-display: flex;display: flex;align-items: center;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width : 100%;padding : 0.60em;padding-right : 5.5em;transition: all 0.2s;}.site-header-section-left .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form {padding-left: 2em;padding-right: unset;left: -1em;right: unset;}.site-header-section-left .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form .search-field {margin-right: unset;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form {-webkit-backface-visibility: visible;backface-visibility: visible;visibility: hidden;opacity: 0;transition: all .2s;position: absolute;z-index: 3;right: -1em;top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form .search-field:-ms-input-placeholder,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form .search-field:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0.5;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-form{-js-display:flex;display:flex;align-items:center;}.ast-builder-layout-element.ast-header-search{height:auto;}.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{color:#ee1938;font-size:24px;}.ast-header-search .search-field::placeholder,.ast-header-search .ast-icon{color:#ee1938;}.ast-hfb-header .site-header-section > .ast-header-search,.ast-hfb-header .ast-header-search{margin-right:1.5em;}.ast-header-search form.search-form .search-field,.ast-header-search .ast-dropdown-active.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field{width:185px;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{font-size:18px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{font-size:18px;}}.ast-header-search{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-search{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-search{display:flex;}}.header-widget-area[data-section="sidebar-widgets-header-widget-1"]{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .header-widget-area[data-section="sidebar-widgets-header-widget-1"]{display:block;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .header-widget-area[data-section="sidebar-widgets-header-widget-1"]{display:block;}}.footer-widget-area.widget-area.site-footer-focus-item{width:auto;}.ast-footer-row-inline .footer-widget-area.widget-area.site-footer-focus-item{width:100%;}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title{margin:0;}.elementor-page .ast-menu-toggle{color:unset !important;background:unset !important;}.elementor-post.elementor-grid-item.hentry{margin-bottom:0;}.woocommerce div.product .elementor-element.elementor-products-grid .related.products ul.products li.product,.elementor-element .elementor-wc-products .woocommerce[class*='columns-'] ul.products li.product{width:auto;margin:0;float:none;}.elementor-toc__list-wrapper{margin:0;}body .elementor hr{background-color:#ccc;margin:0;}.ast-left-sidebar .elementor-section.elementor-section-stretched,.ast-right-sidebar .elementor-section.elementor-section-stretched{max-width:100%;left:0 !important;}.elementor-posts-container [CLASS*="ast-width-"]{width:100%;}.elementor-template-full-width .ast-container{display:block;}.elementor-screen-only,.screen-reader-text,.screen-reader-text span,.ui-helper-hidden-accessible{top:0 !important;}@media (max-width:544px){.elementor-element .elementor-wc-products .woocommerce[class*="columns-"] ul.products li.product{width:auto;margin:0;}.elementor-element .woocommerce .woocommerce-result-count{float:none;}}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;}@media (min-width:922px){.main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;}}.main-header-menu .menu-item, #astra-footer-menu .menu-item, .main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{-js-display:flex;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-moz-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.main-header-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link, #astra-footer-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link{height:100%;-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-js-display:flex;display:flex;}.ast-header-break-point .main-navigation ul .menu-item .menu-link .icon-arrow:first-of-type svg{top:.2em;margin-top:0px;margin-left:0px;width:.65em;transform:translate(0, -2px) rotateZ(270deg);}.ast-mobile-popup-content .ast-submenu-expanded > .ast-menu-toggle{transform:rotateX(180deg);overflow-y:auto;}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-builder-menu .main-navigation > ul > li:last-child a{margin-right:0;}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:transparent;background-image:none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post), .woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container, .ast-separate-container .error-404, .ast-separate-container .no-results, .single.ast-separate-container .site-main .ast-author-meta, .ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper, .ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content, .ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description, .ast-separate-container .comments-area .comment-respond, .ast-separate-container .comments-area .ast-comment-list li, .ast-separate-container .comments-area .comments-title{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post), .woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container, .ast-separate-container .error-404, .ast-separate-container .no-results, .single.ast-separate-container .site-main .ast-author-meta, .ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper, .ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content, .ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post), .woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container, .ast-separate-container .error-404, .ast-separate-container .no-results, .single.ast-separate-container .site-main .ast-author-meta, .ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper, .ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content, .ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}}.ast-plain-container, .ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-plain-container, .ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-plain-container, .ast-page-builder-template{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);background-image:none;}}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar,.ast-primary-header-bar .site-primary-header-wrap{min-height:110px;}.ast-desktop .ast-primary-header-bar .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:110px;}.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar,.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-below-header-bar,.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-primary-header-bar{border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}}.ast-primary-header-bar{background-color:#121212;background-image:none;}.ast-desktop .ast-primary-header-bar.main-header-bar, .ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-primary-header-bar.main-header-bar{padding-left:3em;padding-right:3em;}.ast-primary-header-bar{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{display:grid;}}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-header-menu, .ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item .menu-link, .ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item .sub-menu .menu-link{border-style:none;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}}.ast-above-header .main-header-bar-navigation{height:100%;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item .menu-link{border:none;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before{font-size:.6rem;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded > .ast-menu-toggle::before{transform:rotateX(180deg);}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar ,.ast-above-header-bar .site-above-header-wrap{min-height:56px;}.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:56px;}.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .ast-header-woo-cart,.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .ast-header-edd-cart{line-height:56px;}.ast-above-header-bar{border-bottom-width:0px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}.ast-above-header.ast-above-header-bar{background-color:#121212;background-image:none;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{background-color:#121212;}@media (max-width:921px){#masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.ast-above-header-bar{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{display:grid;}}:root{--e-global-color-astglobalcolor0:#046bd2;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor1:#045cb4;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor2:#ffffff;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor3:#ffffff;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor4:#f9fafb;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor5:#FFFFFF;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor6:#ffffff;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor7:#ffffff;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor8:#ffffff;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-google-fonts-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/astra-local-fonts/astra-local-fonts.css?ver=4.8.10' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-menu-animation-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/menu-animation.min.css?ver=4.8.10' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-widgets-style-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/inc/widgets-css/frontend.css?ver=2.2.0' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0: var(--ast-global-color-0);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1: var(--ast-global-color-1);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2: var(--ast-global-color-2);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3: var(--ast-global-color-3);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4: var(--ast-global-color-4);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5: var(--ast-global-color-5);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6: var(--ast-global-color-6);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7: var(--ast-global-color-7);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8: var(--ast-global-color-8);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);--wp--style--global--wide-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: none;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='contact-form-7-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=6.0.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-contact-form-7-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/compatibility/contact-form-7-main.min.css?ver=4.8.10' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-public.css?ver=3.2.8' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-gdpr-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-gdpr.css?ver=3.2.8' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nbcpf-intlTelInput-style-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/country-phone-field-contact-form-7/assets/css/intlTelInput.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='nbcpf-countryFlag-style-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/country-phone-field-contact-form-7/assets/css/countrySelect.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpa-css-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/honeypot/includes/css/wpa.css?ver=2.2.06' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wpcf7-redirect-script-frontend-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/wpcf7-redirect/build/css/wpcf7-redirect-frontend.min.css?ver=1.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-style-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/header-footer-elementor/assets/css/header-footer-elementor.css?ver=2.2.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.35.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/frontend.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-8-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-8.css?ver=1739798621' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-heading-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-heading.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-text-editor-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-text-editor.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-divider-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-divider.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-image-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-image.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-icon-box-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-box.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-nested-tabs-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-nested-tabs.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-18139-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-18139.css?ver=1739812452' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-18202-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-18202.css?ver=1739798622' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-18516-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-18516.css?ver=1739798622' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='megamenu-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/maxmegamenu/style.css?ver=2fd902' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='dashicons-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-includes/css/dashicons.min.css?ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-child-theme-css-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/themes/astra-child/style.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cf7cf-style-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/cf7-conditional-fields/style.css?ver=2.5.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-elementor-icons-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.34.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-icons-list-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-list.min.css?ver=3.24.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-social-icons-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-social-icons.min.css?ver=3.24.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-social-share-icons-brands-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/brands.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-social-share-icons-fontawesome-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/fontawesome.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-nav-menu-icons-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/solid.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-widget-blockquote-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-blockquote.min.css?ver=3.25.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-mega-menu-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-mega-menu.min.css?ver=3.26.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='hfe-nav-menu-widget-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/widget-nav-menu.min.css?ver=3.26.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-widget-styles-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/widget-styles.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ekit-responsive-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/css/responsive.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eael-general-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/css/view/general.min.css?ver=6.1.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Inter+Tight%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic%7CRoboto%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&display=auto&ver=6.7.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-ekiticons-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/modules/elementskit-icon-pack/assets/css/ekiticons.css?ver=3.4.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-shared-0-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-solid-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/solid.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-brands-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/brands.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script id="jquery-js-after"> !function($){"use strict";$(document).ready(function(){$(this).scrollTop()>100&&$(".hfe-scroll-to-top-wrap").removeClass("hfe-scroll-to-top-hide"),$(window).scroll(function(){$(this).scrollTop()<100?$(".hfe-scroll-to-top-wrap").fadeOut(300):$(".hfe-scroll-to-top-wrap").fadeIn(300)}),$(".hfe-scroll-to-top-wrap").on("click",function(){$("html, body").animate({scrollTop:0},300);return!1})})}(jQuery); </script> <script id="cookie-law-info-js-extra"> var Cli_Data = {"nn_cookie_ids":[],"cookielist":[],"non_necessary_cookies":[],"ccpaEnabled":"","ccpaRegionBased":"","ccpaBarEnabled":"1","strictlyEnabled":["necessary","obligatoire"],"ccpaType":"gdpr","js_blocking":"1","custom_integration":"","triggerDomRefresh":"","secure_cookies":""}; var cli_cookiebar_settings = {"animate_speed_hide":"500","animate_speed_show":"500","background":"#FFF","border":"#b1a6a6c2","border_on":"","button_1_button_colour":"#61a229","button_1_button_hover":"#4e8221","button_1_link_colour":"#fff","button_1_as_button":"1","button_1_new_win":"","button_2_button_colour":"#333","button_2_button_hover":"#292929","button_2_link_colour":"#444","button_2_as_button":"1","button_2_hidebar":"","button_3_button_colour":"#dedfe0","button_3_button_hover":"#b2b2b3","button_3_link_colour":"#333333","button_3_as_button":"1","button_3_new_win":"","button_4_button_colour":"#dedfe0","button_4_button_hover":"#b2b2b3","button_4_link_colour":"#333333","button_4_as_button":"1","button_7_button_colour":"#d80429","button_7_button_hover":"#ad0321","button_7_link_colour":"#fff","button_7_as_button":"1","button_7_new_win":"","font_family":"inherit","header_fix":"","notify_animate_hide":"1","notify_animate_show":"","notify_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-bar","notify_position_horizontal":"right","notify_position_vertical":"bottom","scroll_close":"1","scroll_close_reload":"","accept_close_reload":"","reject_close_reload":"","showagain_tab":"","showagain_background":"#fff","showagain_border":"#000","showagain_div_id":"#cookie-law-info-again","showagain_x_position":"100px","text":"#333333","show_once_yn":"1","show_once":"10","logging_on":"","as_popup":"","popup_overlay":"1","bar_heading_text":"","cookie_bar_as":"banner","popup_showagain_position":"bottom-right","widget_position":"left"}; var log_object = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/js/cookie-law-info-public.js?ver=3.2.8" id="cookie-law-info-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/18139" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7.2" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/?p=18139' /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmicrobe-investigations.com%2Fantifungal-strains%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmicrobe-investigations.com%2Fantifungal-strains%2F&format=xml" />  <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-189392429-1"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'UA-189392429-1'); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(c,l,a,r,i,t,y){ c[a]=c[a]||function(){(c[a].q=c[a].q||[]).push(arguments)}; t=l.createElement(r);t.async=1;t.src="https://www.clarity.ms/tag/"+i; y=l.getElementsByTagName(r)[0];y.parentNode.insertBefore(t,y); })(window, document, "clarity", "script", "by6n1h6w8u"); </script><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.27.5; features: additional_custom_breakpoints; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto">  <script type="application/ld+json" class="saswp-schema-markup-output"> [{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@graph":[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com#kit-header-menu","name":"Home","url":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com#kit-header-menu","name":"Services","url":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/services\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com#kit-header-menu","name":"Strains","url":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/microbial-strains\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com#kit-header-menu","name":"Blog","url":"\/blog\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com#kit-header-menu","name":"About","url":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/about\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com#kit-header-menu","name":"Contact Us","url":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/contact-us\/"},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"SiteNavigationElement","@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com#kit-header-menu","name":"FAQs","url":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/faq\/"}]}, {"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/antifungal-strains\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com","name":"Swiss Anti-Bacterial & Anti-Viral Testing Laboratory, ISO Certified | MIS"}},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"item":{"@id":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/antifungal-strains\/","name":"Anti-Fungal Strains: Role of Lab Testing in Research"}}]}] </script> <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <script id='nitro-telemetry-meta' nitro-exclude>window.NPTelemetryMetadata={missReason: (!window.NITROPACK_STATE ? 'request type not allowed' : 'hit'),pageType: 'page',isEligibleForOptimization: false,}</script><script id='nitro-generic' nitro-exclude>(()=>{window.NitroPack=window.NitroPack||{coreVersion:"na",isCounted:!1};let e=document.createElement("script");if(e.src="https://nitroscripts.com/baaZZsBRyWsSkxvRjeuJnYOHtwzeoEKd",e.async=!0,e.id="nitro-script",document.head.appendChild(e),!window.NitroPack.isCounted){window.NitroPack.isCounted=!0;let t=()=>{navigator.sendBeacon("https://to.getnitropack.com/p",JSON.stringify({siteId:"baaZZsBRyWsSkxvRjeuJnYOHtwzeoEKd",url:window.location.href,isOptimized:!!window.IS_NITROPACK,coreVersion:"na",missReason:window.NPTelemetryMetadata?.missReason||"",pageType:window.NPTelemetryMetadata?.pageType||"",isEligibleForOptimization:!!window.NPTelemetryMetadata?.isEligibleForOptimization}))};(()=>{let e=()=>new Promise(e=>{"complete"===document.readyState?e():window.addEventListener("load",e)}),i=()=>new Promise(e=>{document.prerendering?document.addEventListener("prerenderingchange",e,{once:!0}):e()}),a=async()=>{await i(),await e(),t()};a()})(),window.addEventListener("pageshow",e=>{if(e.persisted){let i=document.prerendering||self.performance?.getEntriesByType?.("navigation")[0]?.activationStart>0;"visible"!==document.visibilityState||i||t()}})}})();</script><link rel="icon" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/MIS_-removebg-preview-150x150.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/MIS_-removebg-preview-300x300.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/MIS_-removebg-preview-300x300.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/MIS_-removebg-preview-300x300.png" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> .hp_cf_lead .wpcf7-text, .hp_cf_lead .wpcf7-tel, .hp_cf-lead .wpcf7-email, .hp_cf_lead .wpcf7-textarea{ color: #ffffff!important; } .ast-header-search form.search-form .search-field, .ast-header-search .ast-dropdown-active.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field{ color: #000!important; } .ast-hfb-header .site-header-section > .ast-header-search, .ast-hfb-header .ast-header-search{ border: 2px solid #EE1938; padding: 8px; border-radius: 0px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 768px) { html, body{ width: 100%; overflow-x: hidden!important; } } .ast-container{ max-width: 100%; padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; } .elementor-kit-8 .elementor-widget-text-editor a:hover{ text-decoration: underline; } .ast-single-post .entry-content a { text-decoration: none; } .menu-item-6491, .elementor-element-f6fb85a{ left:-320px; } mark { color: #cf2e2e; } /* div, h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p{ font-style: normal; } */ @media only screen and (max-width: 768px){ .menu-item-6491, .elementor-element-f6fb85a { left: 0px; } } #cookie-law-info-bar{ z-index: 999999999999999999; } .grecaptcha-badge { visibility: hidden; } .top-header-text p, .top-header-text span { margin-bottom:0; color: #fff; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem; } .top-header-text{ display: flex; justify-content: center; align-content: center; gap:10px; } @media only screen and (min-width: 2540px) { html{ font-size: 26px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:2440px) and (max-width:2540px){ html{ font-size: 25px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:2340px) and (max-width:2440px){ html{ font-size: 24px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:2200px) and (max-width:2340px){ html{ font-size: 23px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:2044px) and (max-width:2200px){ html{ font-size: 22px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1861px) and (max-width:2044px){ html{ font-size: 20px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1675px) and (max-width:1861px){ html{ font-size: 18px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1645px) and (max-width:1675px){ html{ font-size: 17px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1500px) and (max-width:1645px){ html{ font-size: 16px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1400px) and (max-width:1500px){ html{ font-size: 15px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1305px) and (max-width:1400px){ html{ font-size: 14px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1235px) and (max-width:1305px){ html{ font-size: 13px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1117px) and (max-width:1235px){ html{ font-size: 12px; } } @media only screen and (min-width:1024px) and (max-width:1117px){ html{ font-size: 11px; } } .wp-block-search__input{ width: 144px!important; height: 44px!important; color: #fff!important } .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__input{ background: rgb(255 255 255 / 30%); color: #ffffff!important; border-color: rgb(255 255 255 / 20%); border-radius: 0px; backdrop-filter: blur(100px)!important; } .wp-block-search__no-button .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper .wp-block-search__input:focus{ background: rgb(255 255 255 / 30%); color: rgb(100%, 100%, 100%)!important; border-color: rgb(255 255 255 / 20%); border-radius: 0px; backdrop-filter: blur(100px)!important; } input#wp-block-search__input-1::placeholder { color: #ffff; } .UMMUc14kTNkENIjz3DNDujNxTj5YMjctheme--light { background: #fff; color: #454545; display: none; } </style> <style type="text/css">/** Mega Menu CSS: fs **/</style> </head> <body class="page-template page-template-elementor_header_footer page page-id-18139 wp-custom-logo ehf-footer ehf-template-astra ehf-stylesheet-astra-child mega-menu-primary mega-menu-mobile-menu ast-desktop ast-plain-container ast-no-sidebar astra-4.8.10 group-blog ast-single-post ast-inherit-site-logo-transparent ast-hfb-header ast-normal-title-enabled elementor-default elementor-template-full-width elementor-kit-8 elementor-page elementor-page-18139"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content" title="Skip to content"> Skip to content</a> <div class="hfeed site" id="page"> <header class="site-header header-main-layout-1 ast-primary-menu-enabled ast-hide-custom-menu-mobile ast-builder-menu-toggle-icon ast-mobile-header-inline" id="masthead" itemid="#masthead" > <div id="ast-desktop-header" data-toggle-type="dropdown"> <div class="ast-above-header-wrap "> <div class="ast-above-header-bar ast-above-header site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-above-header-builder"> <div class="site-above-header-wrap ast-builder-grid-row-container site-header-focus-item ast-container" data-section="section-above-header-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row ast-grid-center-col-layout-only ast-flex ast-grid-center-col-layout"> <div class="site-header-above-section-center site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-section-center"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item ast-header-html-1" data-section="section-hb-html-1"> <div class="ast-header-html inner-link-style-"><div class="ast-builder-html-element"><div class="top-header-text"> <p><img src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/lab-test-Icon.svg" /><span style="color: #ffffff"> Need help choosing a test?</span> <a href="/get-a-quote/"><span style="color: #ee1938;text-decoration: underline;font-weight: 500"> We'll guide you</span></a></p> <p><img src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Right-Arrow-button.svg" /></p> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ast-main-header-wrap main-header-bar-wrap "> <div class="ast-primary-header-bar ast-primary-header main-header-bar site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-primary-header-builder"> <div class="site-primary-header-wrap ast-builder-grid-row-container site-header-focus-item ast-container" data-section="section-primary-header-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row ast-builder-grid-row-has-sides ast-grid-center-col-layout"> <div class="site-header-primary-section-left site-header-section ast-flex site-header-section-left"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item" data-section="title_tagline"> <div class="site-branding ast-site-identity" > <span class="site-logo-img"><a href="https://microbe-investigations.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="220" height="38" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-New-Logo-MIS-220x38.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Swiss Anti-Bacterial & Anti-Viral Testing Laboratory, ISO Certified | MIS" decoding="async" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-New-Logo-MIS-220x38.png 220w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-New-Logo-MIS-300x51.png 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-New-Logo-MIS.png 520w" sizes="(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px" /></a></span> </div>  </div> <div class="site-header-primary-section-left-center site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-left-center-section"> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-primary-section-center site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-section-center"> <div class="ast-builder-menu-1 ast-builder-menu ast-flex ast-builder-menu-1-focus-item ast-builder-layout-element site-header-focus-item" data-section="section-hb-menu-1"> <div class="ast-main-header-bar-alignment"><div id="mega-menu-wrap-primary" class="mega-menu-wrap"><div class="mega-menu-toggle"><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-left"></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-center"></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-right"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-animated-block mega-toggle-block-0' id='mega-toggle-block-0'><button aria-label="Toggle Menu" class="mega-toggle-animated mega-toggle-animated-slider" type="button" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="mega-toggle-animated-box"> <span class="mega-toggle-animated-inner"></span> </span> </button></div></div></div><ul id="mega-menu-primary" class="mega-menu max-mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js" data-event="hover_intent" data-effect="fade_up" data-effect-speed="200" data-effect-mobile="disabled" data-effect-speed-mobile="0" data-panel-width="#content" data-mobile-force-width="body" data-second-click="go" data-document-click="collapse" data-vertical-behaviour="standard" data-breakpoint="1152" data-unbind="true" data-mobile-state="collapse_all" data-mobile-direction="vertical" data-hover-intent-timeout="300" data-hover-intent-interval="100"><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-18219' id='mega-menu-item-18219'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">TESTING SERVICES<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18220' id='mega-menu-item-18220'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/entomology-testing-services/" aria-expanded="false">Entomology (Agri, Homecare)<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18221' id='mega-menu-item-18221'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Laboratory tests<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18222' id='mega-menu-item-18222'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/arm-in-cage-test/">Arm In Cage Room Test</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18223' id='mega-menu-item-18223'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/room-test/">Room Test</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18416' id='mega-menu-item-18416'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/entomology-testing-services/#test-section/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18228' id='mega-menu-item-18228'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Textile<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18229' id='mega-menu-item-18229'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antibacterial<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18233' id='mega-menu-item-18233'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso-20743/">ISO 20743</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18231' id='mega-menu-item-18231'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/aatcc-100/">AATCC-100</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18235' id='mega-menu-item-18235'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/#test-section">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18236' id='mega-menu-item-18236'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antiviral<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18238' id='mega-menu-item-18238'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/jis-l-1922/">JIS L 1922</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18239' id='mega-menu-item-18239'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18240' id='mega-menu-item-18240'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Fungicidal & Yeasticidal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18241' id='mega-menu-item-18241'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/aatcc-30/">AATCC 30</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18242' id='mega-menu-item-18242'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18243' id='mega-menu-item-18243'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Odor Testing<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18244' id='mega-menu-item-18244'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso-17299-3/">ISO 17299-3</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18245' id='mega-menu-item-18245'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18246' id='mega-menu-item-18246'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/disinfectant-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Disinfectant & Sanitizer<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18247' id='mega-menu-item-18247'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antibacterial<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18248' id='mega-menu-item-18248'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/en-1276/">EN 1276</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18253' id='mega-menu-item-18253'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/disinfectant-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18254' id='mega-menu-item-18254'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antiviral<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18255' id='mega-menu-item-18255'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/en-14476/">EN 14476</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18260' id='mega-menu-item-18260'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/disinfectant-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18261' id='mega-menu-item-18261'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Fungicidal & Yeasticidal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18262' id='mega-menu-item-18262'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/en-13624/">EN 13624</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18267' id='mega-menu-item-18267'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/disinfectant-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18268' id='mega-menu-item-18268'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/plastic-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Plastic<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18269' id='mega-menu-item-18269'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antibacterial<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18270' id='mega-menu-item-18270'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso-22196/">ISO 22196</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18271' id='mega-menu-item-18271'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso846/">ISO 846</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18275' id='mega-menu-item-18275'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/plastic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18276' id='mega-menu-item-18276'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antiviral<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18277' id='mega-menu-item-18277'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso21702/">ISO 21702</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18278' id='mega-menu-item-18278'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/plastic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18279' id='mega-menu-item-18279'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Fungicidal & Yeasticidal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18280' id='mega-menu-item-18280'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/astm-d3273-test/">ASTM D3273</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18281' id='mega-menu-item-18281'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso846/">ISO 846</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18285' id='mega-menu-item-18285'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/plastic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18289' id='mega-menu-item-18289'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cosmetic-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Cosmetics<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18290' id='mega-menu-item-18290'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Enumeration tests<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18291' id='mega-menu-item-18291'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/aerobic-plate-count-test/">Aerobic Plate Count</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18296' id='mega-menu-item-18296'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cosmetic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18297' id='mega-menu-item-18297'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Detection tests<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18298' id='mega-menu-item-18298'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/usp-60-test-for-burkholderia-cepacia-complex/">USP 60</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18303' id='mega-menu-item-18303'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cosmetic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18304' id='mega-menu-item-18304'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Preservative Efficacy Tests<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18305' id='mega-menu-item-18305'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso-11930/">ISO 11930</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18308' id='mega-menu-item-18308'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cosmetic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18309' id='mega-menu-item-18309'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Paint<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18310' id='mega-menu-item-18310'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antibacterial<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18311' id='mega-menu-item-18311'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/astm-d4783/">ASTM D4783</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18313' id='mega-menu-item-18313'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18314' id='mega-menu-item-18314'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antiviral<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18315' id='mega-menu-item-18315'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso21702/">ISO 21702</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18316' id='mega-menu-item-18316'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18317' id='mega-menu-item-18317'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Fungicidal & Yeasticidal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18318' id='mega-menu-item-18318'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/astm-d4783/">ASTM D4783</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18323' id='mega-menu-item-18323'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18324' id='mega-menu-item-18324'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antialgal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18325' id='mega-menu-item-18325'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/astm-d5589/">ASTM D5589</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18326' id='mega-menu-item-18326'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-22147' id='mega-menu-item-22147'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">R&D<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-22148' id='mega-menu-item-22148'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/minimum-bactericidal-concentration-mbc-test/">Minimum Bactericidal Concentration</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-22149' id='mega-menu-item-22149'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/zone-of-inhibition-test/">Zone of Inhibition Test</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-22150' id='mega-menu-item-22150'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/minimum-inhibitory-concentration-test/">Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Assay</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18327' id='mega-menu-item-18327'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/more-test/">More</a></li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-megamenu mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-grid mega-menu-item-18333' id='mega-menu-item-18333'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">STRAINS<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-row' id='mega-menu-18333-0'> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-column mega-menu-columns-12-of-12' id='mega-menu-18333-0-0'> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-widget widget_elementor-library mega-menu-item-elementor-library-4' id='mega-menu-item-elementor-library-4'> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="18336" class="elementor elementor-18336" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6679b94b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="6679b94b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6edfcc0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6edfcc0e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-70b412fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="70b412fe" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Strains</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3c4b4b92 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="3c4b4b92" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-53b17943 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="53b17943" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5754d821 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5754d821" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d1be2dd e-con-full e-grid e-con e-child" data-id="3d1be2dd" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5484dec8 e-con-full cards-menu e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5484dec8" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-345eb8ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="345eb8ef" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/insects-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Insects</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d01edcd e-con-full cards-menu e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2d01edcd" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-78db4abb elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="78db4abb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/antibacterial-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Bacteria</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6acf999e e-con-full cards-menu e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6acf999e" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-19b2284c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="19b2284c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/antiviral-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Virus</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7ed2b6d5 e-con-full cards-menu e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7ed2b6d5" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-58bc0b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="58bc0b6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/antifungal-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Fungi / Algae</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5ee921cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5ee921cd" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-16611e78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="16611e78" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Related Blogs</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e7fb937 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-grid" data-id="e7fb937" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"template_id":"18345","columns":1,"columns_mobile":1,"row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"rem","size":0,"sizes":[]},"row_gap":{"unit":"rem","size":1.5,"sizes":[]},"row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"rem","size":"","sizes":[]},"_skin":"post","columns_tablet":"2","edit_handle_selector":"[data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\"]"}" data-widget_type="loop-grid.post"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-loop-container elementor-grid"> <style id="loop-dynamic-18345">.e-loop-item-20391 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-20391 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/shutterstock_2310718007-scaled.jpg");}</style><style id="loop-18345">.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5995b8f7{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:initial;--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:20px 20px;--row-gap:20px;--column-gap:20px;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-13bb838e{--display:flex;--flex-direction:row;--container-widget-width:initial;--container-widget-height:100%;--container-widget-flex-grow:1;--container-widget-align-self:stretch;--flex-wrap-mobile:wrap;--gap:1.25rem 1.25rem;--row-gap:1.25rem;--column-gap:1.25rem;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08{--display:flex;--gap:0px 0px;--row-gap:0px;--column-gap:0px;--padding-top:0px;--padding-bottom:0px;--padding-left:0px;--padding-right:0px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6920f35d{--display:flex;--gap:.750rem .750rem;--row-gap:.750rem;--column-gap:.750rem;--padding-top:6px;--padding-bottom:6px;--padding-left:6px;--padding-right:6px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6d2f8c88 > .elementor-widget-container{padding:0.4rem 0.6rem 0.4rem 0.6rem;border-style:solid;border-width:1px 1px 1px 1px;border-color:#ADADAD;border-radius:29px 29px 29px 29px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6d2f8c88.elementor-element{--align-self:flex-start;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6d2f8c88{font-family:"Inter Tight", Sans-serif;font-size:0.8rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1.3rem;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5abab8bb .elementor-heading-title{font-family:"Inter Tight", Sans-serif;font-size:1rem;font-weight:600;font-style:italic;line-height:1.5rem;letter-spacing:0px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-50fd7ed1 > .elementor-widget-container{margin:0px 0px -6px 0px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-50fd7ed1 .elementor-icon-wrapper{text-align:left;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-50fd7ed1 .elementor-icon{font-size:30px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-50fd7ed1 .elementor-icon svg{height:30px;}@media(min-width:768px){.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08{--width:36%;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-6920f35d{--width:55%;}}@media(max-width:767px){.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-13bb838e{--gap:1rem 1rem;--row-gap:1rem;--column-gap:1rem;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08{--min-height:125px;}.elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .elementor-18345 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;}}</style> <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="18345" class="elementor elementor-18345 e-loop-item e-loop-item-20391 post-20391 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-disinfectant ast-article-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5995b8f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="5995b8f7" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-13bb838e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="13bb838e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-781e6e08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="781e6e08" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6920f35d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6920f35d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6d2f8c88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6d2f8c88" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span>Disinfectant</span> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5abab8bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5abab8bb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://microbe-investigations.com/hmpv-virus-symptoms-infections-risks-treatment-explained/">HMPV Virus (Human Metapneumovirus): Symptoms, Risks, and Effective Treatments Explained</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-50fd7ed1 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="50fd7ed1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-icon" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/hmpv-virus-symptoms-infections-risks-treatment-explained/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29" height="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" fill="none"><circle cx="13.9775" cy="14.4551" r="13" fill="#FFE8EA"></circle><path d="M18.4515 17.1816C18.3847 17.1313 18.3286 17.0682 18.2865 16.9959C18.2444 16.9237 18.2172 16.8437 18.2064 16.7608L17.3198 10.2562L10.8152 11.1429C10.6511 11.1594 10.487 11.1115 10.3575 11.0094C10.228 10.9073 10.1432 10.759 10.1209 10.5955C10.0986 10.4321 10.1407 10.2665 10.2381 10.1334C10.3356 10.0004 10.4809 9.9104 10.6434 9.88238L17.7782 8.90984C17.9453 8.88717 18.1146 8.93176 18.2489 9.03382C18.3832 9.13588 18.4715 9.28707 18.4944 9.45418L19.4669 16.589C19.4896 16.7561 19.445 16.9254 19.3429 17.0597C19.2408 17.194 19.0897 17.2823 18.9226 17.3051C18.8398 17.3169 18.7555 17.3121 18.6746 17.2909C18.5937 17.2697 18.5178 17.2325 18.4515 17.1816Z" fill="#EE1938"></path><path d="M10.2893 19.5056C10.1568 19.4021 10.0699 19.2509 10.0472 19.0844C10.0245 18.9178 10.0677 18.7489 10.1677 18.6137L17.357 9.15515C17.4592 9.02076 17.6105 8.93245 17.7778 8.90965C17.945 8.88686 18.1145 8.93143 18.2489 9.03358C18.3833 9.13573 18.4716 9.28707 18.4944 9.45433C18.5172 9.62158 18.4726 9.79104 18.3705 9.92543L11.1811 19.384C11.0777 19.5165 10.9265 19.6034 10.7599 19.6261C10.5933 19.6488 10.4245 19.6056 10.2893 19.5056Z" fill="#EE1938"></path></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style id="loop-dynamic-18345">.e-loop-item-17555 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-17555 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Disinfectant-validation-scaled.jpg");}</style> <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="18345" class="elementor elementor-18345 e-loop-item e-loop-item-17555 post-17555 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-disinfectant ast-article-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5995b8f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="5995b8f7" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-13bb838e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="13bb838e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-781e6e08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="781e6e08" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6920f35d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6920f35d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6d2f8c88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6d2f8c88" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span>Disinfectant</span> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5abab8bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5abab8bb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://microbe-investigations.com/disinfectant-validation/">Disinfectant Validation: Ensuring Effective Infection Control</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-50fd7ed1 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="50fd7ed1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-icon" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/disinfectant-validation/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29" height="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" fill="none"><circle cx="13.9775" cy="14.4551" r="13" fill="#FFE8EA"></circle><path d="M18.4515 17.1816C18.3847 17.1313 18.3286 17.0682 18.2865 16.9959C18.2444 16.9237 18.2172 16.8437 18.2064 16.7608L17.3198 10.2562L10.8152 11.1429C10.6511 11.1594 10.487 11.1115 10.3575 11.0094C10.228 10.9073 10.1432 10.759 10.1209 10.5955C10.0986 10.4321 10.1407 10.2665 10.2381 10.1334C10.3356 10.0004 10.4809 9.9104 10.6434 9.88238L17.7782 8.90984C17.9453 8.88717 18.1146 8.93176 18.2489 9.03382C18.3832 9.13588 18.4715 9.28707 18.4944 9.45418L19.4669 16.589C19.4896 16.7561 19.445 16.9254 19.3429 17.0597C19.2408 17.194 19.0897 17.2823 18.9226 17.3051C18.8398 17.3169 18.7555 17.3121 18.6746 17.2909C18.5937 17.2697 18.5178 17.2325 18.4515 17.1816Z" fill="#EE1938"></path><path d="M10.2893 19.5056C10.1568 19.4021 10.0699 19.2509 10.0472 19.0844C10.0245 18.9178 10.0677 18.7489 10.1677 18.6137L17.357 9.15515C17.4592 9.02076 17.6105 8.93245 17.7778 8.90965C17.945 8.88686 18.1145 8.93143 18.2489 9.03358C18.3833 9.13573 18.4716 9.28707 18.4944 9.45433C18.5172 9.62158 18.4726 9.79104 18.3705 9.92543L11.1811 19.384C11.0777 19.5165 10.9265 19.6034 10.7599 19.6261C10.5933 19.6488 10.4245 19.6056 10.2893 19.5056Z" fill="#EE1938"></path></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-18335' id='mega-menu-item-18335'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/blog/" tabindex="0">LEARNING CENTER</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-18334' id='mega-menu-item-18334'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/about/" tabindex="0">ABOUT US</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div class="site-header-primary-section-right site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-right-section"> <div class="site-header-primary-section-right-center site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-right-center-section"> </div> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item ast-header-search" data-section="section-header-search"> <div class="ast-search-menu-icon slide-search" > <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://microbe-investigations.com/"> <label for="search-field"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" id="search-field" class="search-field" placeholder="Search..." value="" name="s" tabindex="-1"> <button class="search-submit ast-search-submit" aria-label="Search Submit"> <span hidden>Search</span> <i><span class="ast-icon icon-search"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="-893 477 142 142" enable-background="new -888 480 142 142" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M-787.4,568.7h-6.3l-2.4-2.4c7.9-8.7,12.6-20.5,12.6-33.1c0-28.4-22.9-51.3-51.3-51.3 c-28.4,0-51.3,22.9-51.3,51.3c0,28.4,22.9,51.3,51.3,51.3c12.6,0,24.4-4.7,33.1-12.6l2.4,2.4v6.3l39.4,39.4l11.8-11.8L-787.4,568.7 L-787.4,568.7z M-834.7,568.7c-19.7,0-35.5-15.8-35.5-35.5c0-19.7,15.8-35.5,35.5-35.5c19.7,0,35.5,15.8,35.5,35.5 C-799.3,553-815,568.7-834.7,568.7L-834.7,568.7z"/> </svg></span></i> </button> </label> </form> <div class="ast-search-icon"> <a class="slide-search astra-search-icon" aria-label="Search icon link" href="#"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <span class="ast-icon icon-search"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="-893 477 142 142" enable-background="new -888 480 142 142" xml:space="preserve"> <path d="M-787.4,568.7h-6.3l-2.4-2.4c7.9-8.7,12.6-20.5,12.6-33.1c0-28.4-22.9-51.3-51.3-51.3 c-28.4,0-51.3,22.9-51.3,51.3c0,28.4,22.9,51.3,51.3,51.3c12.6,0,24.4-4.7,33.1-12.6l2.4,2.4v6.3l39.4,39.4l11.8-11.8L-787.4,568.7 L-787.4,568.7z M-834.7,568.7c-19.7,0-35.5-15.8-35.5-35.5c0-19.7,15.8-35.5,35.5-35.5c19.7,0,35.5,15.8,35.5,35.5 C-799.3,553-815,568.7-834.7,568.7L-834.7,568.7z"/> </svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item ast-header-button-1" data-section="section-hb-button-1"> <div class="ast-builder-button-wrap ast-builder-button-size-"><a class="ast-custom-button-link" href="/contact-us/" target="_self" ><div class=ast-custom-button>Get In Touch</div></a><a class="menu-link" href="/contact-us/" target="_self" >Get In Touch</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="ast-mobile-header" class="ast-mobile-header-wrap " data-type="dropdown"> <div class="ast-main-header-wrap main-header-bar-wrap" > <div class="ast-primary-header-bar ast-primary-header main-header-bar site-primary-header-wrap site-header-focus-item ast-builder-grid-row-layout-default ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-layout-default ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-layout-default" data-section="section-primary-header-builder"> <div class="ast-builder-grid-row ast-builder-grid-row-has-sides ast-builder-grid-row-no-center"> <div class="site-header-primary-section-left site-header-section ast-flex site-header-section-left"> <div class="ast-builder-layout-element ast-flex site-header-focus-item" data-section="title_tagline"> <div class="site-branding ast-site-identity" > <span class="site-logo-img"><a href="https://microbe-investigations.com/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img width="220" height="38" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-New-Logo-MIS-220x38.png" class="custom-logo" alt="Swiss Anti-Bacterial & Anti-Viral Testing Laboratory, ISO Certified | MIS" decoding="async" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-New-Logo-MIS-220x38.png 220w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-New-Logo-MIS-300x51.png 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/cropped-New-Logo-MIS.png 520w" sizes="(max-width: 220px) 100vw, 220px" /></a></span> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="site-header-primary-section-right site-header-section ast-flex ast-grid-right-section"> <aside class="header-widget-area widget-area site-header-focus-item header-widget-area-inner" data-section="sidebar-widgets-header-widget-1" aria-label="Header Widget 1" > <section id="maxmegamenu-3" class="widget widget_maxmegamenu"><div id="mega-menu-wrap-primary" class="mega-menu-wrap"><div class="mega-menu-toggle"><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-left"></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-center"></div><div class="mega-toggle-blocks-right"><div class='mega-toggle-block mega-menu-toggle-animated-block mega-toggle-block-0' id='mega-toggle-block-0'><button aria-label="Toggle Menu" class="mega-toggle-animated mega-toggle-animated-slider" type="button" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="mega-toggle-animated-box"> <span class="mega-toggle-animated-inner"></span> </span> </button></div></div></div><ul id="mega-menu-primary" class="mega-menu max-mega-menu mega-menu-horizontal mega-no-js" data-event="hover_intent" data-effect="fade_up" data-effect-speed="200" data-effect-mobile="disabled" data-effect-speed-mobile="0" data-panel-width="#content" data-mobile-force-width="body" data-second-click="go" data-document-click="collapse" data-vertical-behaviour="standard" data-breakpoint="1152" data-unbind="true" data-mobile-state="collapse_all" data-mobile-direction="vertical" data-hover-intent-timeout="300" data-hover-intent-interval="100"><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-18219' id='mega-menu-item-18219'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">TESTING SERVICES<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18220' id='mega-menu-item-18220'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/entomology-testing-services/" aria-expanded="false">Entomology (Agri, Homecare)<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18221' id='mega-menu-item-18221'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Laboratory tests<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18222' id='mega-menu-item-18222'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/arm-in-cage-test/">Arm In Cage Room Test</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18223' id='mega-menu-item-18223'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/room-test/">Room Test</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18416' id='mega-menu-item-18416'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/entomology-testing-services/#test-section/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18228' id='mega-menu-item-18228'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Textile<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18229' id='mega-menu-item-18229'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antibacterial<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18233' id='mega-menu-item-18233'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso-20743/">ISO 20743</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18231' id='mega-menu-item-18231'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/aatcc-100/">AATCC-100</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18235' id='mega-menu-item-18235'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/#test-section">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18236' id='mega-menu-item-18236'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antiviral<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18238' id='mega-menu-item-18238'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/jis-l-1922/">JIS L 1922</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18239' id='mega-menu-item-18239'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18240' id='mega-menu-item-18240'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Fungicidal & Yeasticidal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18241' id='mega-menu-item-18241'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/aatcc-30/">AATCC 30</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18242' id='mega-menu-item-18242'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18243' id='mega-menu-item-18243'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Odor Testing<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18244' id='mega-menu-item-18244'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso-17299-3/">ISO 17299-3</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18245' id='mega-menu-item-18245'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/textile-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18246' id='mega-menu-item-18246'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/disinfectant-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Disinfectant & Sanitizer<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18247' id='mega-menu-item-18247'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antibacterial<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18248' id='mega-menu-item-18248'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/en-1276/">EN 1276</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18253' id='mega-menu-item-18253'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/disinfectant-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18254' id='mega-menu-item-18254'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antiviral<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18255' id='mega-menu-item-18255'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/en-14476/">EN 14476</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18260' id='mega-menu-item-18260'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/disinfectant-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18261' id='mega-menu-item-18261'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Fungicidal & Yeasticidal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18262' id='mega-menu-item-18262'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/en-13624/">EN 13624</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18267' id='mega-menu-item-18267'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/disinfectant-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18268' id='mega-menu-item-18268'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/plastic-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Plastic<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18269' id='mega-menu-item-18269'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antibacterial<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18270' id='mega-menu-item-18270'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso-22196/">ISO 22196</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18271' id='mega-menu-item-18271'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso846/">ISO 846</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18275' id='mega-menu-item-18275'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/plastic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18276' id='mega-menu-item-18276'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antiviral<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18277' id='mega-menu-item-18277'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso21702/">ISO 21702</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18278' id='mega-menu-item-18278'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/plastic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18279' id='mega-menu-item-18279'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Fungicidal & Yeasticidal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18280' id='mega-menu-item-18280'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/astm-d3273-test/">ASTM D3273</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18281' id='mega-menu-item-18281'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso846/">ISO 846</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18285' id='mega-menu-item-18285'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/plastic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18289' id='mega-menu-item-18289'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cosmetic-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Cosmetics<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18290' id='mega-menu-item-18290'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Enumeration tests<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18291' id='mega-menu-item-18291'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/aerobic-plate-count-test/">Aerobic Plate Count</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18296' id='mega-menu-item-18296'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cosmetic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18297' id='mega-menu-item-18297'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Detection tests<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18298' id='mega-menu-item-18298'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/usp-60-test-for-burkholderia-cepacia-complex/">USP 60</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18303' id='mega-menu-item-18303'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cosmetic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18304' id='mega-menu-item-18304'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Preservative Efficacy Tests<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18305' id='mega-menu-item-18305'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso-11930/">ISO 11930</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18308' id='mega-menu-item-18308'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/cosmetic-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18309' id='mega-menu-item-18309'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/" aria-expanded="false">Paint<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18310' id='mega-menu-item-18310'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antibacterial<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18311' id='mega-menu-item-18311'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/astm-d4783/">ASTM D4783</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18313' id='mega-menu-item-18313'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18314' id='mega-menu-item-18314'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antiviral<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18315' id='mega-menu-item-18315'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/iso21702/">ISO 21702</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18316' id='mega-menu-item-18316'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18317' id='mega-menu-item-18317'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Fungicidal & Yeasticidal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18318' id='mega-menu-item-18318'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/astm-d4783/">ASTM D4783</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18323' id='mega-menu-item-18323'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-18324' id='mega-menu-item-18324'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">Antialgal<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18325' id='mega-menu-item-18325'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/astm-d5589/">ASTM D5589</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18326' id='mega-menu-item-18326'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/coating-testing/">View More</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-item-22147' id='mega-menu-item-22147'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false">R&D<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-22148' id='mega-menu-item-22148'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/minimum-bactericidal-concentration-mbc-test/">Minimum Bactericidal Concentration</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-22149' id='mega-menu-item-22149'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/zone-of-inhibition-test/">Zone of Inhibition Test</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-22150' id='mega-menu-item-22150'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/minimum-inhibitory-concentration-test/">Minimum Inhibitory Concentration Assay</a></li> </ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-18327' id='mega-menu-item-18327'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/more-test/">More</a></li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-menu-item-has-children mega-menu-megamenu mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-grid mega-menu-item-18333' id='mega-menu-item-18333'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="#" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0">STRAINS<span class="mega-indicator"></span></a> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-row' id='mega-menu-18333-0'> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-column mega-menu-columns-12-of-12' id='mega-menu-18333-0-0'> <ul class="mega-sub-menu"> <li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-widget widget_elementor-library mega-menu-item-elementor-library-4' id='mega-menu-item-elementor-library-4'> <div data-elementor-type="section" data-elementor-id="18336" class="elementor elementor-18336" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6679b94b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="6679b94b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6edfcc0e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6edfcc0e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-70b412fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="70b412fe" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Strains</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3c4b4b92 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="3c4b4b92" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-53b17943 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="53b17943" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5754d821 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5754d821" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d1be2dd e-con-full e-grid e-con e-child" data-id="3d1be2dd" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5484dec8 e-con-full cards-menu e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5484dec8" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-345eb8ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="345eb8ef" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/insects-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Insects</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d01edcd e-con-full cards-menu e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2d01edcd" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-78db4abb elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="78db4abb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/antibacterial-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Bacteria</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6acf999e e-con-full cards-menu e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6acf999e" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-19b2284c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="19b2284c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/antiviral-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Virus</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7ed2b6d5 e-con-full cards-menu e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7ed2b6d5" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-58bc0b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="58bc0b6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/antifungal-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="far fa-arrow-alt-circle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Fungi / Algae</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5ee921cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5ee921cd" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-16611e78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="16611e78" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Related Blogs</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e7fb937 elementor-grid-1 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-loop-grid" data-id="e7fb937" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"template_id":"18345","columns":1,"columns_mobile":1,"row_gap_mobile":{"unit":"rem","size":0,"sizes":[]},"row_gap":{"unit":"rem","size":1.5,"sizes":[]},"row_gap_tablet":{"unit":"rem","size":"","sizes":[]},"_skin":"post","columns_tablet":"2","edit_handle_selector":"[data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\"]"}" data-widget_type="loop-grid.post"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-loop-container elementor-grid"> <style id="loop-dynamic-18345">.e-loop-item-20391 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-20391 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/shutterstock_2310718007-scaled.jpg");}</style> <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="18345" class="elementor elementor-18345 e-loop-item e-loop-item-20391 post-20391 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-disinfectant ast-article-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5995b8f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="5995b8f7" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-13bb838e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="13bb838e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-781e6e08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="781e6e08" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6920f35d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6920f35d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6d2f8c88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6d2f8c88" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span>Disinfectant</span> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5abab8bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5abab8bb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://microbe-investigations.com/hmpv-virus-symptoms-infections-risks-treatment-explained/">HMPV Virus (Human Metapneumovirus): Symptoms, Risks, and Effective Treatments Explained</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-50fd7ed1 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="50fd7ed1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-icon" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/hmpv-virus-symptoms-infections-risks-treatment-explained/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29" height="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" fill="none"><circle cx="13.9775" cy="14.4551" r="13" fill="#FFE8EA"></circle><path d="M18.4515 17.1816C18.3847 17.1313 18.3286 17.0682 18.2865 16.9959C18.2444 16.9237 18.2172 16.8437 18.2064 16.7608L17.3198 10.2562L10.8152 11.1429C10.6511 11.1594 10.487 11.1115 10.3575 11.0094C10.228 10.9073 10.1432 10.759 10.1209 10.5955C10.0986 10.4321 10.1407 10.2665 10.2381 10.1334C10.3356 10.0004 10.4809 9.9104 10.6434 9.88238L17.7782 8.90984C17.9453 8.88717 18.1146 8.93176 18.2489 9.03382C18.3832 9.13588 18.4715 9.28707 18.4944 9.45418L19.4669 16.589C19.4896 16.7561 19.445 16.9254 19.3429 17.0597C19.2408 17.194 19.0897 17.2823 18.9226 17.3051C18.8398 17.3169 18.7555 17.3121 18.6746 17.2909C18.5937 17.2697 18.5178 17.2325 18.4515 17.1816Z" fill="#EE1938"></path><path d="M10.2893 19.5056C10.1568 19.4021 10.0699 19.2509 10.0472 19.0844C10.0245 18.9178 10.0677 18.7489 10.1677 18.6137L17.357 9.15515C17.4592 9.02076 17.6105 8.93245 17.7778 8.90965C17.945 8.88686 18.1145 8.93143 18.2489 9.03358C18.3833 9.13573 18.4716 9.28707 18.4944 9.45433C18.5172 9.62158 18.4726 9.79104 18.3705 9.92543L11.1811 19.384C11.0777 19.5165 10.9265 19.6034 10.7599 19.6261C10.5933 19.6488 10.4245 19.6056 10.2893 19.5056Z" fill="#EE1938"></path></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <style id="loop-dynamic-18345">.e-loop-item-17555 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-17555 .elementor-element.elementor-element-781e6e08 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url("https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Disinfectant-validation-scaled.jpg");}</style> <div data-elementor-type="loop-item" data-elementor-id="18345" class="elementor elementor-18345 e-loop-item e-loop-item-17555 post-17555 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-disinfectant ast-article-single" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library" data-custom-edit-handle="1"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5995b8f7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="5995b8f7" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-13bb838e e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="13bb838e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-781e6e08 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="781e6e08" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6920f35d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6920f35d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6d2f8c88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6d2f8c88" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <span>Disinfectant</span> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5abab8bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5abab8bb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default"><a href="https://microbe-investigations.com/disinfectant-validation/">Disinfectant Validation: Ensuring Effective Infection Control</a></h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-50fd7ed1 elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon" data-id="50fd7ed1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-icon" href="https://microbe-investigations.com/disinfectant-validation/"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="29" height="29" viewBox="0 0 29 29" fill="none"><circle cx="13.9775" cy="14.4551" r="13" fill="#FFE8EA"></circle><path d="M18.4515 17.1816C18.3847 17.1313 18.3286 17.0682 18.2865 16.9959C18.2444 16.9237 18.2172 16.8437 18.2064 16.7608L17.3198 10.2562L10.8152 11.1429C10.6511 11.1594 10.487 11.1115 10.3575 11.0094C10.228 10.9073 10.1432 10.759 10.1209 10.5955C10.0986 10.4321 10.1407 10.2665 10.2381 10.1334C10.3356 10.0004 10.4809 9.9104 10.6434 9.88238L17.7782 8.90984C17.9453 8.88717 18.1146 8.93176 18.2489 9.03382C18.3832 9.13588 18.4715 9.28707 18.4944 9.45418L19.4669 16.589C19.4896 16.7561 19.445 16.9254 19.3429 17.0597C19.2408 17.194 19.0897 17.2823 18.9226 17.3051C18.8398 17.3169 18.7555 17.3121 18.6746 17.2909C18.5937 17.2697 18.5178 17.2325 18.4515 17.1816Z" fill="#EE1938"></path><path d="M10.2893 19.5056C10.1568 19.4021 10.0699 19.2509 10.0472 19.0844C10.0245 18.9178 10.0677 18.7489 10.1677 18.6137L17.357 9.15515C17.4592 9.02076 17.6105 8.93245 17.7778 8.90965C17.945 8.88686 18.1145 8.93143 18.2489 9.03358C18.3833 9.13573 18.4716 9.28707 18.4944 9.45433C18.5172 9.62158 18.4726 9.79104 18.3705 9.92543L11.1811 19.384C11.0777 19.5165 10.9265 19.6034 10.7599 19.6261C10.5933 19.6488 10.4245 19.6056 10.2893 19.5056Z" fill="#EE1938"></path></svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li></ul> </li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-18335' id='mega-menu-item-18335'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/blog/" tabindex="0">LEARNING CENTER</a></li><li class='mega-menu-item mega-menu-item-type-custom mega-menu-item-object-custom mega-align-bottom-left mega-menu-flyout mega-menu-item-18334' id='mega-menu-item-18334'><a class="mega-menu-link" href="/about/" tabindex="0">ABOUT US</a></li></ul></div></section> </aside> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="ast-container"> <div data-elementor-type="wp-page" data-elementor-id="18139" class="elementor elementor-18139" data-elementor-post-type="page"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4fb0a12f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="4fb0a12f" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3657e02a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3657e02a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Fungi </h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d57d6ed e-con-full strains_chart e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2d57d6ed" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-31f7ce46 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="31f7ce46" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3cc9a1af e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3cc9a1af" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7aa6c03 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7aa6c03" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f42eb78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6f42eb78" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4>Fungi strain names</h4><p> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-890ec41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="890ec41" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e0df17c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e0df17c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Classification</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-45d41a2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="45d41a2b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-35aa801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="35aa801" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Diseases Caused</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7f5e51f9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7f5e51f9" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-0e7e017 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="0e7e017" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Habitat</h4> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5648e75b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5648e75b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2e318473 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2e318473" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c7d814f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="c7d814f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Candida auris</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-18ea3331 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="18ea3331" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-166348ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="166348ad" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Ascomycota phylum;<br />Saccharomycetales order; <br />Candidaceae family.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2129cf7d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2129cf7d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-723ad761 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="723ad761" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Causes invasive candidiasis, bloodstream infections, wound infections, and ear infections. Notoriously resistant to multiple antifungal drugs. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-82a4e5b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="82a4e5b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a131bfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="a131bfb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Found on the skin and in healthcare environments, such as hospitals and clinics, often colonizing patients’ skin and hospital surfaces. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-28519d02 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="28519d02" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-24a1a59e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="24a1a59e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-53116d0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="53116d0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Candida albicans</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1dd0be0d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="1dd0be0d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3fbd70cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="3fbd70cb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Ascomycota phylum; <br>Saccharomycetales order; <br>Candidaceae family. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-304a134 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="304a134" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-76a53c95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="76a53c95" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Responsible for oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, and invasive candidiasis, especially in immunocompromised individuals. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-168b59cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="168b59cd" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2eb5ae7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="2eb5ae7d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Commonly found in the human microbiota of the mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and vagina. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4aca3fea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4aca3fea" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-54902dce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="54902dce" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e20f37a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e20f37a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Aspergillus niger</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-eb574a2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="eb574a2" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2f599633 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="2f599633" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Ascomycota phylum;<br> Eurotiales order; <br>Aspergillaceae family. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5db9089d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5db9089d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ddffb14 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="ddffb14" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Causes aspergillosis. Can lead to pulmonary infections and otomycosis (ear infections). </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3aa46fb1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3aa46fb1" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-35a51070 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="35a51070" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Ubiquitous in the environment; commonly found in soil, decaying vegetation, and indoor environments. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2a3243bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2a3243bc" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f29662f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="f29662f" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ec85da6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="ec85da6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Talaromyces pinophilus (formerly Penicillium funiculosum)</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-512a71b6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="512a71b6" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-74ebd772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="74ebd772" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Ascomycota phylum;<br> Eurotiales order;<br> Trichocomaceae family. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-224d419a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="224d419a" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-651f6de5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="651f6de5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Less commonly associated with human disease but can cause rare cases of infection in immunocompromised individuals. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6402d5fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6402d5fe" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-799e0b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="799e0b5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Found in soil and decaying organic matter. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-aa9018 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="aa9018" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-50c485c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="50c485c" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6403130 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6403130" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Chaetomium globosum</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3cb538b2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3cb538b2" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-323bb8c2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="323bb8c2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Ascomycota phylum;<br> Sordariales order;<br> Chaetomiaceae family. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4542adda e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4542adda" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2a761772 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="2a761772" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Causes infections primarily in immunocompromised patients, such as skin and nail infections, and more rarely, cerebral infections. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ca0889c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6ca0889c" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-16a9a0ad elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="16a9a0ad" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Common in soil, air, and plant debris; often found in water-damaged buildings and paper. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5fee357a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5fee357a" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2f983664 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2f983664" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e4e1c18 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e4e1c18" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Trichophyton mentagrophytes</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7ec2cfaf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7ec2cfaf" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-20c65385 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="20c65385" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Ascomycota phylum;<br> Onygenales order;<br> Arthrodermataceae family. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4f27bae9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4f27bae9" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1ebefca2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="1ebefca2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Causes tinea infections such as athlete’s foot, jock itch, and ringworm of the scalp. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6a30f6ad e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6a30f6ad" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-53049152 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="53049152" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Dermatophyte that lives in soil, animals, and humans; often transmitted through direct contact with infected hosts. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-448f481e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="448f481e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-463e55b2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="463e55b2" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5b050f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5b050f5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Trichoderma virens</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-31eef5c1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="31eef5c1" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-acf7d75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="acf7d75" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Ascomycota phylum;<br> Hypocreales order;<br> Hypocreaceae family. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4aa326a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4aa326a" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6a9ae7e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6a9ae7e3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Generally not pathogenic to humans but used in agriculture to control plant pathogens. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-44fdc7ce e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="44fdc7ce" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-69c263d6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="69c263d6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Found in soil and root ecosystems, where it interacts with other microorganisms and plants. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-540dc2ba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="540dc2ba" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-511fb0fe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="511fb0fe" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-dafa2e8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="dafa2e8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Aureobasidium pullulans</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-49784c8d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="49784c8d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-26b05006 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="26b05006" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Ascomycota phylum;<br> Dothideales order;<br> Dothioraceae family. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4606fdf6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4606fdf6" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7b8d697c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="7b8d697c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Can cause dermatitis and other rare infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-77d1cfd1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="77d1cfd1" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5fe029db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="5fe029db" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Widespread in the environment, including on plant surfaces and in water systems; also found in indoor environments like damp areas </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-57595e39 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="57595e39" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4d978d51 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4d978d51" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6dbb58e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6dbb58e7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Fungal Strains</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-56736e0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="56736e0a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Explore our extensive collection of fungal strains routinely employed in testing </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-da9acf9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="da9acf9" data-element_type="container"> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5d7cd4f2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="5d7cd4f2" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-676c885b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="676c885b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2f88957 e-n-tabs-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-tabs" data-id="2f88957" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="nested-tabs.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="e-n-tabs" data-widget-number="49842519" aria-label="Tabs. Open items with Enter or Space, close with Escape and navigate using the Arrow keys."> <div class="e-n-tabs-heading" role="tablist"> <button id="e-n-tab-title-498425191" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="true" data-tab-index="1" role="tab" tabindex="0" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-498425191" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 1;"> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Candida auris </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tab-title-498425192" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="2" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-498425192" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 2;"> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Candida albicans </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tab-title-498425193" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="3" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-498425193" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 3;"> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Aspergillus niger </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tab-title-498425194" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="4" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-498425194" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 4;"> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Talaromyces pinophilus (formerly Penicillium funiculosum) </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tab-title-498425195" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="5" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-498425195" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 5;"> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Chaetomium globosum </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tab-title-498425196" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="6" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-498425196" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 6;"> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Trichophyton mentagrophytes </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tab-title-498425197" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="7" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-498425197" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 7;"> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Trichoderma virens </span> </button> <button id="e-n-tab-title-498425198" class="e-n-tab-title" aria-selected="false" data-tab-index="8" role="tab" tabindex="-1" aria-controls="e-n-tab-content-498425198" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 8;"> <span class="e-n-tab-title-text"> Aureobasidium pullulans </span> </button> </div> <div class="e-n-tabs-content"> <div id="e-n-tab-content-498425191" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tab-title-498425191" data-tab-index="1" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 1;" class="e-active elementor-element elementor-element-6af3f661 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6af3f661" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3cfe74c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="3cfe74c" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f8ed4cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="6f8ed4cf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Candida auris</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3daadde9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="3daadde9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2f66b9e7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2f66b9e7" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7af29294 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7af29294" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7047f54e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="7047f54e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="2560" height="2560" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1.webp" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-18141" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1.webp 2560w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1-150x150.webp 150w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1-768x768.webp 768w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-auris-1-scaled-1-2048x2048.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5f6cda11 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="5f6cda11" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Candida auris</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1edd6696 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="1edd6696" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4d0549a3 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="4d0549a3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Overview </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Candida auris</strong></i> is a multi-drug-resistant pathogenic yeast. It is a member of the Candidaceae family. It was first isolated and identified from the ear discharge of a patient in Japan in 2009. It has a compact genome similar to other <strong><i>Candida</i></strong> species and codes for antifungal resistance and virulence. Immunocompromised patients, including those in intensive care units, are prone to <strong><i>Candida auris</strong></i> infections. This is mainly due to its ability to survive on surfaces and resist standard disinfection methods. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4db414ee elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="4db414ee" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Mode of Transmission </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Candida auris</strong></i> is primarily transmitted in healthcare environments, through contact with contaminated equipment or surfaces, and from person to person. <strong><i>Candida auris</strong></i> is known for causing nosocomial infections, where it can cause wound infections, ear infections, and also bloodstream infections. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-10195efe elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="10195efe" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Important facts </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Candida auris</strong></i> can form biofilms on various surfaces, including medical instruments, which contributes to its spread in hospital settings. It is <strong>resistant to several antifungal drugs,</strong> thus making infections difficult to treat. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-498425192" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tab-title-498425192" data-tab-index="2" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 2;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-2ea413a9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2ea413a9" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f97507c e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="6f97507c" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-e8a58fa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="e8a58fa" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Candida albicans</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6bfde86e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="6bfde86e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-24b84fbe e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="24b84fbe" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-44885276 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="44885276" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-431595f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="431595f6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img decoding="async" width="2560" height="2560" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-albicans-1-scaled-1.webp" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-18142" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-albicans-1-scaled-1.webp 2560w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-albicans-1-scaled-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-albicans-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-albicans-1-scaled-1-150x150.webp 150w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-albicans-1-scaled-1-768x768.webp 768w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-albicans-1-scaled-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/candida-albicans-1-scaled-1-2048x2048.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-483e38ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="483e38ed" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Candida albicans</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-52d0caae e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="52d0caae" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1b9cbf2b elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1b9cbf2b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Overview </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Candida albicans</strong></i> is a <strong>dimorphic fungus</strong> that can <stong>grow both as yeast and filamentous cells.</strong> It belongs to the Candidaceae family, It has a relatively compact genome, approximately 14 million base pairs in length. It encodes genes that facilitate its morphological plasticity, adherence, invasion, and resistance to antifungal agents. <strong><i>Candida albicans</strong></i> was first identified as a pathogen in the early 20th century by Christine Marie Berkhout in 1923. It is a common organism of the <strong>human microflora</strong> found on mucosal surfaces, including the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3a7e4668 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="3a7e4668" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Mode of Transmission </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> Transmission is not typically from person to person but occurs as an overgrowth resulting from disrupted microbiota or immune dysfunction. It causes infections ranging from superficial mucosal infections, such as <strong>oral thrush</strong> and <strong>vaginitis</strong>, to more severe systemic infections that can be life-threatening, particularly in <strong>immunocompromised individuals.</strong> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-107a5f6f elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="107a5f6f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Important facts </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> Its pathogenicity is enhanced by its ability to switch between yeast and hyphal forms, which is critical for its colonization and evasion of the host's immune response. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-498425193" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tab-title-498425193" data-tab-index="3" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 3;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-15079ff e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="15079ff" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2b059bba e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="2b059bba" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7a578402 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="7a578402" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Aspergillus niger </h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e647801 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="1e647801" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1e5bd47b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="1e5bd47b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-163b11d e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="163b11d" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1b86d5dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="1b86d5dd" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="2560" height="2560" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aspergillus-niger-1-scaled-1.webp" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-18143" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aspergillus-niger-1-scaled-1.webp 2560w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aspergillus-niger-1-scaled-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aspergillus-niger-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aspergillus-niger-1-scaled-1-150x150.webp 150w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aspergillus-niger-1-scaled-1-768x768.webp 768w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aspergillus-niger-1-scaled-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aspergillus-niger-1-scaled-1-2048x2048.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3303fd43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3303fd43" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Aspergillus niger </h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-22076942 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="22076942" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5d44153f elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="5d44153f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Overview </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Aspergillus niger</strong></i> belongs to the family Aspergillaceae. Its genome contains approximately 35 million base pairs. This fungus was initially described by Pier Andrea Saccardo in the year 1867. It is usually found in soil, decaying organic matter, and indoor air. Besides industrial uses associated with enzymes, <strong><i>A. niger</strong></i> can also be considered as a pathogen to humans, especially for immunocompromised individuals. It causes pulmonary aspergillosis and otomycosis, or fungal infection of the ear. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3390187d elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="3390187d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Mode of Transmission </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> Infection occurs through inhaling airborne conidia (spores), ubiquitous in the environment. People with a weakened immunity system or those with preexisting lung conditions are at greater risk of infection. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5b7ec780 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="5b7ec780" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Important facts </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> The ability of <strong><i>A. niger</strong></i> to cause disease is related to the production of mycotoxins and extracellular enzymes that result in tissue damage. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-498425194" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tab-title-498425194" data-tab-index="4" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 4;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-27d41eef e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="27d41eef" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-61d30323 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="61d30323" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-43f090e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="43f090e0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Talaromyces pinophilus (Penicillium funiculosum)</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-290cd337 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="290cd337" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-13584e2b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="13584e2b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-105c0fd6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="105c0fd6" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3eea6df6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="3eea6df6" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talaromyces-penicillium-1-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18144" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talaromyces-penicillium-1-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talaromyces-penicillium-1-1-scaled-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talaromyces-penicillium-1-1-scaled-1-150x150.webp 150w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talaromyces-penicillium-1-1-scaled-1-768x768.webp 768w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talaromyces-penicillium-1-1-scaled-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/talaromyces-penicillium-1-1-scaled-1-2048x2048.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-451d4d1c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="451d4d1c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Talaromyces pinophilus (Penicillium funiculosum)</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6b26642b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6b26642b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-30af83 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="30af83" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Overview </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Talaromyces pinophilus</strong></i> (previously known as Penicillium funiculosum) is an organism belonging to the Trichocomaceae family of fungi, with approximately 28-30 million base pairs constituting its genome. Initially recognized during the early 1900s, it was mainly identified due to its capacity to decompose organic matter and produce certain types of enzymes, especially those involved in cellulose degradation. This strain is usually found in soils and decaying plant material. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1c4027fc elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1c4027fc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Mode of Transmission </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> Infection is acquired by inhaling air-borne spores found in the soil and decaying organic matter. <strong><i>Talaromyces pinophilus</strong></i> is an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals, causing respiratory infections. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5b35a5ba elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="5b35a5ba" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Important facts </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> The pathogenicity of this fungus was low since infections were very rare and often confined to people with weakened immunity; it plays a vital role in biotechnology because of its ability to produce enzymes. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-498425195" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tab-title-498425195" data-tab-index="5" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 5;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-26e0c252 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="26e0c252" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-86e62f5 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="86e62f5" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1ada52b9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="1ada52b9" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Chaetomium globosum</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3d7e77bb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="3d7e77bb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3104b518 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3104b518" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7be4aa15 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7be4aa15" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ed54baf elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="6ed54baf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DALL·E-2024-11-09-09.58.25-Microscopic-view-of-fungal-spores-or-hyphae-showcasing-branching-structures-and-spore-like-bodies-with-a-reddish-stain-as-seen-under-a-high-powered.webp" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18145" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DALL·E-2024-11-09-09.58.25-Microscopic-view-of-fungal-spores-or-hyphae-showcasing-branching-structures-and-spore-like-bodies-with-a-reddish-stain-as-seen-under-a-high-powered.webp 1024w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DALL·E-2024-11-09-09.58.25-Microscopic-view-of-fungal-spores-or-hyphae-showcasing-branching-structures-and-spore-like-bodies-with-a-reddish-stain-as-seen-under-a-high-powered-300x300.webp 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DALL·E-2024-11-09-09.58.25-Microscopic-view-of-fungal-spores-or-hyphae-showcasing-branching-structures-and-spore-like-bodies-with-a-reddish-stain-as-seen-under-a-high-powered-150x150.webp 150w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/DALL·E-2024-11-09-09.58.25-Microscopic-view-of-fungal-spores-or-hyphae-showcasing-branching-structures-and-spore-like-bodies-with-a-reddish-stain-as-seen-under-a-high-powered-768x768.webp 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1b3cda6d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="1b3cda6d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Chaetomium globosum</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-85e8c13 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="85e8c13" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1d9727f2 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1d9727f2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Overview </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Chaetomium globosum</i></strong> is a member of the family Chaetomiaceae. This fungus has a genome size of roughly 35 million base pairs. It was first identified in 1912 and is quite abundant in soil, decaying plant material, and water-damaged buildings. <strong><i>C. globosum</strong></i> is primarily known for its biodeterioration of cellulose-based materials, such as wood and paper. Thus, it acts as an opportunistic pathogen causing cutaneous mycosis, onychomycosis, and deep tissue infection or systemic infection in immunocompromised patients. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-35c25844 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="35c25844" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Mode of Transmission </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> The primary transmission mode is through the air; the spores are found in places with poor ventilation or damage due to water. While it is of low virulence as a pathogen, chronic exposure to its spores may induce respiratory problems among sensitive hosts, particularly in moist indoor conditions. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4863c6d3 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="4863c6d3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Important facts </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Chaetomium globosum</strong></i> is hazardous to human health and can also cause structural damage in buildings. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-498425196" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tab-title-498425196" data-tab-index="6" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 6;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-4c788149 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="4c788149" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-20f056c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="20f056c9" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4d3d0925 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="4d3d0925" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Trichophyton mentagrophytes</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-450d55e8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="450d55e8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-63dc603e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="63dc603e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-866b1ed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="866b1ed" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-70f1ef4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="70f1ef4a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichophyton-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18146" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichophyton-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichophyton-1-scaled-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichophyton-1-scaled-1-150x150.webp 150w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichophyton-1-scaled-1-768x768.webp 768w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichophyton-1-scaled-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichophyton-1-scaled-1-2048x2048.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-64709719 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="64709719" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Trichophyton mentagrophytes</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-41d40884 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="41d40884" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4b3d318 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="4b3d318" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Overview </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</strong></i> is a fungal species belonging to the family Arthrodermataceae; this species is known to cause infections in humans through their dermatophytic action. Its genome shows the ability to produce keratin-degrading enzymes that enable it to colonize skin, hair, and nails. It was first identified in the 19th century as one of the causative agents of widespread fungal infections, including athlete's foot, ringworm, and nail diseases. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1fd6fcf7 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1fd6fcf7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Mode of Transmission </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> Infection would occur either by direct contact or through contaminated surfaces. <strong><i> T. mentagrophytes</strong></i> is considered pathogenic because of its ability to invade and colonize keratinized tissue, causing symptoms like scaling, itching, and redness. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-332e4010 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="332e4010" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Important facts </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Trichophyton mentagrophytes</strong></i> can cause chronic infection, especially in immunocompromised individuals; thus, prolonged antifungal therapy is required to control the infection. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-498425197" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tab-title-498425197" data-tab-index="7" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 7;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-72cb987b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="72cb987b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-623027a2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="623027a2" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-78c198d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="78c198d1" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Trichoderma virens</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ddfe202 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="ddfe202" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-54f371b4 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="54f371b4" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-39401adc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="39401adc" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-78b91a68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="78b91a68" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichoderma-vierens-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18147" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichoderma-vierens-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichoderma-vierens-1-scaled-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichoderma-vierens-1-scaled-1-150x150.webp 150w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichoderma-vierens-1-scaled-1-768x768.webp 768w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichoderma-vierens-1-scaled-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/trichoderma-vierens-1-scaled-1-2048x2048.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-47cf456 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="47cf456" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Trichoderma virens</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-63950728 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="63950728" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1eec3509 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="1eec3509" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Overview </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Trichoderma virens</strong></i> is a species of filamentous fungus belonging to the Hypocreaceae family. It is primarily known as a soil inhabitant and biocontrol agent rather than a pathogen. Its genome is approximately 40 million base pairs long. The genome encodes several genes that enable it to produce a variety of enzymes and secondary metabolites. These enzymes and metabolites are responsible for its role as a biological control agent against plant pathogens. First described in scientific literature in the 1930s, <strong><i>Trichoderma virens</strong></i> has since been employed effectively in agriculture to combat various plant diseases, enhancing plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-61345c36 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="61345c36" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Important facts </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> It is not known to cause human or animal infections but is used to prevent the growth of more harmful fungal pathogens. <strong><i>Trichoderma virens</strong></i> inhibits the growth of pathogenic fungi and bacteria via several mechanisms including competition for available nutrients, mycoparasitism, and the production of antifungal agents. <strong><i>Trichoderma virens</strong></i> has the ability to produce volatile organic compounds which act as <strong>biofumigants. </strong> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="e-n-tab-content-498425198" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="e-n-tab-title-498425198" data-tab-index="8" style="--n-tabs-title-order: 8;" class=" elementor-element elementor-element-1d49b667 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="1d49b667" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6ee482ca e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child" data-id="6ee482ca" data-element_type="container"> <div class="e-con-inner"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-762acc22 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="762acc22" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Aureobasidium pullulans</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1ef88a46 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="1ef88a46" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7f70fcf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7f70fcf" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5398a07f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5398a07f" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-696e7b87 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="696e7b87" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="1024" height="1024" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aureobasidium-pullulans-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18148" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aureobasidium-pullulans-1-scaled-1-1024x1024.webp 1024w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aureobasidium-pullulans-1-scaled-1-300x300.webp 300w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aureobasidium-pullulans-1-scaled-1-150x150.webp 150w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aureobasidium-pullulans-1-scaled-1-768x768.webp 768w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aureobasidium-pullulans-1-scaled-1-1536x1536.webp 1536w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/aureobasidium-pullulans-1-scaled-1-2048x2048.webp 2048w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3b3df3e3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="3b3df3e3" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h4 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Aureobasidium pullulans</h4> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8c0f8b7 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="8c0f8b7" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2579b728 elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="2579b728" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Overview </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Aureobasidium pullulans</strong></i> is a commonly found <strong>black yeast-like fungus.</strong> It belongs to the family Dothideaceae. It can adapt to various environments, from plant surfaces to indoor environments. Its genome has a single circular chromosome that encodes a variety of enzymes and proteins. These proteins and enzymes aid in degrading complex polysaccharides and, in turn, help the organism thrive on diverse substrates. First identified in the early 20th century, it is not a human pathogen. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3341ed4d elementor-position-left elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-top elementor-vertical-align-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box" data-id="3341ed4d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-box.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-wrapper"> <div class="elementor-icon-box-icon"> <span class="elementor-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon-right-mark"></i> </span> </div> <div class="elementor-icon-box-content"> <h3 class="elementor-icon-box-title"> <span > Important facts </span> </h3> <p class="elementor-icon-box-description"> <strong><i>Aureobasidium pullulans</strong></i> is recognized for its <strong>biotechnological applications.</strong> It is known for producing pullulan, a polysaccharide used in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries for its film-forming and adhesive properties. Additionally, <strong><i>Aureobasidium pullulans</strong></i> is utilized in the biological control of plant pathogens, contributing to its reputation as a beneficial microbe. While generally <strong>considered non-pathogenic</strong>, it can occasionally act as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-61e637d8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="61e637d8" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2a7fdae2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2a7fdae2" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-72f9f0d2 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="72f9f0d2" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-75008edb elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="75008edb" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Ready to test your product?</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-36d19c3a elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="36d19c3a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="476" height="180" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Group-1171280108.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-17840" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Group-1171280108.png 476w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Group-1171280108-300x113.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 476px) 100vw, 476px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6e2b8ef0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6e2b8ef0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Microbe Investigations Switzerland </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5ca53fab e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="5ca53fab" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-614cdf0c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="614cdf0c" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-556a41da hp_cf_lead elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode" data-id="556a41da" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="shortcode.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-shortcode"> <div class="wpcf7 no-js" id="wpcf7-f17691-p18139-o1" lang="en-US" dir="ltr" data-wpcf7-id="17691"> <div class="screen-reader-response"><p role="status" aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true"></p> <ul></ul></div> <form action="/antifungal-strains/#wpcf7-f17691-p18139-o1" method="post" class="wpcf7-form init" aria-label="Contact form" novalidate="novalidate" data-status="init"> <div style="display: none;"> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7" value="17691" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_version" value="6.0.3" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_locale" value="en_US" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_unit_tag" value="wpcf7-f17691-p18139-o1" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_container_post" value="18139" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7_posted_data_hash" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7cf_hidden_group_fields" value="[]" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7cf_hidden_groups" value="[]" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7cf_visible_groups" value="[]" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7cf_repeaters" value="[]" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7cf_steps" value="{}" /> <input type="hidden" name="_wpcf7cf_options" value="{"form_id":17691,"conditions":[],"settings":{"animation":"yes","animation_intime":200,"animation_outtime":200,"conditions_ui":"normal","notice_dismissed":false,"notice_dismissed_rollback-cf7-5.9.3":true,"notice_dismissed_rollback-cf7-5.9.7":true,"notice_dismissed_rollback-cf7-6.0":true,"notice_dismissed_rollback-cf7-6.0.1":true,"notice_dismissed_rollback-cf7-6.0.2":true}}" /> </div> <p><label> First Name<br /> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap" data-name="first-name"><input size="40" maxlength="400" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required" autocomplete="name" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" value="" type="text" name="first-name" /></span> </label> </p> <p><label> Last Name<br /> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap" data-name="last-name"><input size="40" maxlength="400" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required" autocomplete="name" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" value="" type="text" name="last-name" /></span> </label> </p> <p><label> Mobile Number<br /> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap" data-name="tel-34"><input size="40" maxlength="400" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-tel wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-tel" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" value="" type="tel" name="tel-34" /></span> </label> </p> <p><label> Email<br /> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap" data-name="your-email"><input size="40" maxlength="400" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-email wpcf7-validates-as-required wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-email" autocomplete="email" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" value="" type="email" name="your-email" /></span> </label> </p> <p><label> Organization Name<br /> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap" data-name="org-name"><input size="40" maxlength="400" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-text wpcf7-validates-as-required" autocomplete="name" aria-required="true" aria-invalid="false" value="" type="text" name="org-name" /></span> </label> </p> <p><label> Message<br /> <span class="wpcf7-form-control-wrap" data-name="your-message"><textarea cols="40" rows="5" maxlength="2000" class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-textarea" aria-invalid="false" name="your-message"></textarea></span> </label> </p> <p><input class="wpcf7-form-control wpcf7-submit has-spinner" type="submit" value="Submit" /> </p><div class="wpcf7-response-output" aria-hidden="true"></div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script nitro-exclude> var heartbeatData = new FormData(); heartbeatData.append('nitroHeartbeat', '1'); fetch(location.href, {method: 'POST', body: heartbeatData, credentials: 'omit'}); </script> <script nitro-exclude> document.cookie = 'nitroCachedPage=' + (!window.NITROPACK_STATE ? '0' : '1') + '; path=/; SameSite=Lax'; </script> </div>  </div> <div class="hfe-before-footer-wrap"> <div class='footer-width-fixer'> <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="18516" class="elementor elementor-18516" data-elementor-post-type="elementor-hf"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6b6fbe10 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="6b6fbe10" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-218491e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="218491e0" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6cdb89e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6cdb89e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3732db5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="3732db5e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img width="476" height="180" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Group-1171280108.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-17840" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Group-1171280108.png 476w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/Group-1171280108-300x113.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 476px) 100vw, 476px" /> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-34244a1f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="34244a1f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Microbe Investigations Switzerland </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-17424bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="17424bd" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-39fdd0a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="39fdd0a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Get your products tested today</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1fcc4a6c elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="1fcc4a6c" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/get-a-quote/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-angle-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Explore now</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4c1cd76e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="4c1cd76e" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7be9109e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="7be9109e" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3144c41 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3144c41" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6df41925 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="6df41925" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-34eab67e elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="34eab67e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <img width="160" height="160" src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-27.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-18520" alt="" srcset="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-27.png 160w, https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/image-27-150x150.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px" /> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d8e22a1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2d8e22a1" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-28708b7d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="28708b7d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> We also partner with over 16 labs (both GLP and non-GLP) for extended support. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" role="contentinfo"> <div class='footer-width-fixer'> <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="18202" class="elementor elementor-18202" data-elementor-post-type="elementor-hf"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4d665360 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="4d665360" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-268ae611 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="268ae611" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3dcae561 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3dcae561" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-110f5eaf e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="110f5eaf" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1d0905e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="1d0905e2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">STRAINS</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-513a74e2 footer-btns elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="513a74e2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/insects/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Insects</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-64351df2 footer-btns elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="64351df2" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/bacteria/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Bacteria</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-31b91bf8 footer-btns elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="31b91bf8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/virus-strain/%20"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Virus</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-cb003e8 footer-btns elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="cb003e8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/fungi-strains/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Fungi</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3983e50e elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="3983e50e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c182ad6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="c182ad6" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-216eab67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="216eab67" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">TESTING</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4f818d16 footer-btns elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="4f818d16" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/entomology-testing-services/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Entomology Testing</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3c0ad7a7 footer-btns elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="3c0ad7a7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/antibacterial/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Antibacterial testing</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2421d46e footer-btns elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="2421d46e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="/antiviral/"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">Antiviral testing</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-602b1c55 footer-btns elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="602b1c55" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-button-wrapper"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="#"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-icon"> <i aria-hidden="true" class="fas fa-arrow-right"></i> </span> <span class="elementor-button-text">odor testing</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-45b3cfe0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="45b3cfe0" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-526b9a17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="526b9a17" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Industry tests</p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-75337ffb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="75337ffb" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-40a80243 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="40a80243" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-733e5d56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="733e5d56" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> entomology </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2e6ed731 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="2e6ed731" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6e55d5e8 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="6e55d5e8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/arm-in-cage-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Arm in cage Test</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/room-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Room test</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/olfactometer-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Olfactometer test</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/tick-repellent-testing/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Tick repellent testing</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/bed-bug-repellency-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Bed bug repellency test</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/peet-grady-chamber-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Peet-Grady Chamber Test</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-610a1a81 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="610a1a81" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-613177fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="613177fc" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-625dd390 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="625dd390" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Textiles </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3964b572 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="3964b572" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7279c68f elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="7279c68f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/aatcc-100/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">AATCC 100</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/jisl1902/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">JIS L 1902</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/iso-20743/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ISO 20743</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-e2149/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM E2149</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/aatcc-147/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">AATCC 147</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/iso18184/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ISO 18184</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/jis-l-1922/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">JIS L 1922</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-31f2c0aa e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="31f2c0aa" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2b1a9619 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2b1a9619" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2098b14a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="2098b14a" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Disinfectants </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-f72b6c7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="f72b6c7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1c6de593 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="1c6de593" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/en-1276/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">EN 1276</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/en-16615/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">EN 16615</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-e1053/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM E1053</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/en-16777/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">EN 16777</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/en-13697/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">EN 13697</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/en-13727/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">EN 13727</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/pas-2424/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">PAS 2424</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-efd5b43 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="efd5b43" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8e3325b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="8e3325b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6d9191c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="6d9191c8" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Cosmetics </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-493cf9bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="493cf9bc" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6f4e1a63 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="6f4e1a63" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/usp-62-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">USP 62</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/usp-61-microbial-enumeration-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">USP 61</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/pcpc-test-methods/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">PCPC Test Methods</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/iso-21322/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ISO 21322</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/iso-18416/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ISO 18416</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/iso-21149/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ISO 21149</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/usp-51-antimicrobial-effectiveness-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">USP 51</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-3c02985b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="3c02985b" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-79c0d60a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="79c0d60a" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-4a56787e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="4a56787e" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Plastics & COATINGS </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-61cf463d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="61cf463d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-14f697b4 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="14f697b4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/iso846/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ISO 846</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-e2180/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM E2180</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-g22/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM G22</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-d3273-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM D3273</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-c1338/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM C1338</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-g29/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM G29</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/iso21702/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ISO 21702</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1aee7806 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="1aee7806" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-55c60b95 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="55c60b95" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2bf9f050 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="2bf9f050" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> Paints </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-66f4f6be elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="66f4f6be" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-44763cf elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="44763cf" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-d4783/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM D4783</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-d2574/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM D2574</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/iso21702/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ISO 21702</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-d5590/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM D5590</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-d2574/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM D2574</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-d3273-test/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM D3273</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item"> <a href="/astm-d4783/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">ASTM D4783</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-440b8cd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent" data-id="440b8cd" data-element_type="container" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2a88c117 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2a88c117" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2b21b01f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="2b21b01f" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-946850b elementor-icon-list--layout-inline elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list" data-id="946850b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="icon-list.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <ul class="elementor-icon-list-items elementor-inline-items"> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="https://microbe-investigations.com/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Home </span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="/about/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">About</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Find a Test</span> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="/blog/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Learning Centre</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="/contact-us/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Consult an Expert</span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#9cf5f2faf3dcf1f5ffeef3fef9b1f5f2eaf9efe8f5fbfde8f5f3f2efb2fff3f1"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-icon"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="21" height="20" viewBox="0 0 21 20" fill="none"><path d="M15.5 1.5H5C2.79086 1.5 1 3.29086 1 5.5V14.5C1 16.7091 2.79086 18.5 5 18.5H15.5C17.7091 18.5 19.5 16.7091 19.5 14.5V5.5C19.5 3.29086 17.7091 1.5 15.5 1.5Z" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.5"></path><path d="M1.04688 5.58984L8.25187 9.71984C8.85552 10.0706 9.54123 10.2553 10.2394 10.2553C10.9375 10.2553 11.6232 10.0706 12.2269 9.71984L19.4519 5.58984" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"></path></svg> </span> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="9af3f4fcf5daf7f3f9e8f5f8ffb7f3f4ecffe9eef3fdfbeef3f5f4e9b4f9f5f7">[email protected]</span></span> </a> </li> <li class="elementor-icon-list-item elementor-inline-item"> <a href="/contact-us/"> <span class="elementor-icon-list-text">Contact us</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-541487f8 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child" data-id="541487f8" data-element_type="container"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2ace77d0 elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 e-grid-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="2ace77d0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid"> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon- elementor-repeater-item-16f15e4" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/71907713/admin/dashboard/" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only"></span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25" height="24" viewBox="0 0 25 24" fill="none"><path d="M22.571 0H2.429C1.364 0 0.5 0.864 0.5 1.929V22.071C0.5 23.136 1.364 24 2.429 24H22.571C23.636 24 24.5 23.136 24.5 22.071V1.929C24.5 0.864 23.636 0 22.571 0ZM22.571 22.08C9.137 22.077 2.42 22.074 2.42 22.071C2.423 8.637 2.426 1.92 2.429 1.92C15.863 1.923 22.58 1.926 22.58 1.929C22.577 15.363 22.574 22.08 22.571 22.08ZM4.058 8.997H7.619V20.451H4.058V8.997ZM5.84 7.431C6.977 7.431 7.904 6.507 7.904 5.367C7.904 5.09595 7.85061 4.82756 7.74689 4.57714C7.64316 4.32673 7.49113 4.09919 7.29947 3.90753C7.10781 3.71587 6.88027 3.56384 6.62986 3.46011C6.37944 3.35639 6.11105 3.303 5.84 3.303C5.56895 3.303 5.30056 3.35639 5.05014 3.46011C4.79973 3.56384 4.57219 3.71587 4.38053 3.90753C4.18887 4.09919 4.03684 4.32673 3.93311 4.57714C3.82939 4.82756 3.776 5.09595 3.776 5.367C3.773 6.507 4.697 7.431 5.84 7.431ZM13.409 14.784C13.409 13.29 13.694 11.844 15.545 11.844C17.369 11.844 17.396 13.551 17.396 14.88V20.451H20.954V14.169C20.954 11.085 20.288 8.712 16.685 8.712C14.954 8.712 13.793 9.663 13.316 10.563H13.268V8.997H9.851V20.451H13.409V14.784Z" fill="white"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon- elementor-repeater-item-46f2c22" href="https://x.com/mis_switzerland" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only"></span> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"><path d="M14.3754 10.1623L23.0549 0H20.9977L13.4634 8.82343L7.44286 0H0.5L9.60286 13.344L0.5 24H2.55714L10.5149 14.6811L16.8731 24H23.816L14.3754 10.1623ZM11.5589 13.4606L10.6366 12.132L3.29771 1.56H6.45714L12.3783 10.092L13.3006 11.4206L20.9994 22.512H17.84L11.5589 13.4606Z" fill="white"></path></svg> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-instagram elementor-repeater-item-15eb36f" href="https://www.instagram.com/microbeinvestigations?igsh=MWlhc2ppYW5kbDgycA==" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Instagram</span> <i class="fab fa-instagram"></i> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-e2d4476" href="https://www.youtube.com/@microbeinvestigations" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Youtube</span> <i class="fab fa-youtube"></i> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="cookie-law-info-bar" data-nosnippet="true"><span><div class="cli-bar-container cli-style-v2"><div class="cli-bar-message">We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking “Accept All”, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent.</div><div class="cli-bar-btn_container"><a role='button' class="medium cli-plugin-button cli-plugin-main-button cli_settings_button" style="margin:0px 5px 0px 0px">Cookie Settings</a><a id="wt-cli-accept-all-btn" role='button' data-cli_action="accept_all" class="wt-cli-element medium cli-plugin-button wt-cli-accept-all-btn cookie_action_close_header cli_action_button">Accept All</a> </div></div></span></div><div id="cookie-law-info-again" data-nosnippet="true"><span id="cookie_hdr_showagain">Manage consent</span></div><div class="cli-modal" data-nosnippet="true" id="cliSettingsPopup" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="cliSettingsPopup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="cli-modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="cli-modal-content cli-bar-popup"> <button type="button" class="cli-modal-close" id="cliModalClose"> <svg class="" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41l-1.41-1.41-5.59 5.59-5.59-5.59-1.41 1.41 5.59 5.59-5.59 5.59 1.41 1.41 5.59-5.59 5.59 5.59 1.41-1.41-5.59-5.59z"></path><path d="M0 0h24v24h-24z" fill="none"></path></svg> <span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Close</span> </button> <div class="cli-modal-body"> <div class="cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-privacy-overview"> <h4>Privacy Overview</h4> <div class="cli-privacy-content"> <div class="cli-privacy-content-text">This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience.</div> </div> <a class="cli-privacy-readmore" aria-label="Show more" role="button" data-readmore-text="Show more" data-readless-text="Show less"></a> </div> </div> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0 cli-tab-section-container"> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="necessary" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Necessary </a> <div class="wt-cli-necessary-checkbox"> <input type="checkbox" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary" data-id="checkbox-necessary" checked="checked" /> <label class="form-check-label" for="wt-cli-checkbox-necessary">Necessary</label> </div> <span class="cli-necessary-caption">Always Enabled</span> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="necessary"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. <table class="cookielawinfo-row-cat-table cookielawinfo-winter"><thead><tr><th class="cookielawinfo-column-1">Cookie</th><th class="cookielawinfo-column-3">Duration</th><th class="cookielawinfo-column-4">Description</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-analytics</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-functional</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-necessary</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-others</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other.</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">cookielawinfo-checkbox-performance</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance".</td></tr><tr class="cookielawinfo-row"><td class="cookielawinfo-column-1">viewed_cookie_policy</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-3">11 months</td><td class="cookielawinfo-column-4">The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. It does not store any personal data.</td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="functional" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Functional </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-functional" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-functional" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-functional" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Functional</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="functional"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="performance" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Performance </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-performance" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-performance" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-performance" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Performance</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="performance"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="analytics" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Analytics </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-analytics" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-analytics" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-analytics" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Analytics</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="analytics"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="advertisement" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Advertisement </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-advertisement" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-advertisement" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-advertisement" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Advertisement</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="advertisement"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-section"> <div class="cli-tab-header"> <a role="button" tabindex="0" class="cli-nav-link cli-settings-mobile" data-target="others" data-toggle="cli-toggle-tab"> Others </a> <div class="cli-switch"> <input type="checkbox" id="wt-cli-checkbox-others" class="cli-user-preference-checkbox" data-id="checkbox-others" /> <label for="wt-cli-checkbox-others" class="cli-slider" data-cli-enable="Enabled" data-cli-disable="Disabled"><span class="wt-cli-sr-only">Others</span></label> </div> </div> <div class="cli-tab-content"> <div class="cli-tab-pane cli-fade" data-id="others"> <div class="wt-cli-cookie-description"> Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-footer"> <div class="wt-cli-element cli-container-fluid cli-tab-container"> <div class="cli-row"> <div class="cli-col-12 cli-align-items-stretch cli-px-0"> <div class="cli-tab-footer wt-cli-privacy-overview-actions"> <a id="wt-cli-privacy-save-btn" role="button" tabindex="0" data-cli-action="accept" class="wt-cli-privacy-btn cli_setting_save_button wt-cli-privacy-accept-btn cli-btn">SAVE & ACCEPT</a> </div> <div class="wt-cli-ckyes-footer-section"> <div class="wt-cli-ckyes-brand-logo">Powered by <a href="https://www.cookieyes.com/"><img src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/images/logo-cookieyes.svg" alt="CookieYes Logo"></a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-settings-overlay"></div> <div class="cli-modal-backdrop cli-fade cli-popupbar-overlay"></div>  <script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript"> var Tawk_API=Tawk_API||{}, Tawk_LoadStart=new Date(); (function(){ var s1=document.createElement("script"),s0=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s1.async=true; s1.src='https://embed.tawk.to/65d6d3139131ed19d96fc6c6/1hn7ih1dh'; s1.charset='UTF-8'; s1.setAttribute('crossorigin','*'); s0.parentNode.insertBefore(s1,s0); })(); </script>  <script> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-18336-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-18336.css?ver=1739798622' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-loop-common-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/pro-elements/assets/css/widget-loop-common.min.css?ver=3.27.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-loop-grid-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/pro-elements/assets/css/widget-loop-grid.min.css?ver=3.27.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-icon-list-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-icon-list.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-social-icons-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-social-icons.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='e-apple-webkit-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/conditionals/apple-webkit.min.css?ver=3.27.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='cookie-law-info-table-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/cookie-law-info/legacy/public/css/cookie-law-info-table.css?ver=3.2.8' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-regular-css' href='https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/regular.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <script id="astra-theme-js-js-extra"> var astra = {"break_point":"921","isRtl":"","is_scroll_to_id":"","is_scroll_to_top":"","is_header_footer_builder_active":"1","responsive_cart_click":"flyout"}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/js/minified/frontend.min.js?ver=4.8.10" id="astra-theme-js-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/swv/js/index.js?ver=6.0.3" id="swv-js"></script> <script id="contact-form-7-js-before"> var wpcf7 = { "api": { "root": "https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-json\/", "namespace": "contact-form-7\/v1" }, "cached": 1 }; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/index.js?ver=6.0.3" id="contact-form-7-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/country-phone-field-contact-form-7/assets/js/intlTelInput.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="nbcpf-intlTelInput-script-js"></script> <script id="nbcpf-countryFlag-script-js-extra"> var nbcpf = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/country-phone-field-contact-form-7/assets/js/countrySelect.min.js?ver=6.7.2" id="nbcpf-countryFlag-script-js"></script> <script id="nbcpf-countryFlag-script-js-after"> (function($) { $(function() { $(".wpcf7-countrytext").countrySelect({ }); $(".wpcf7-phonetext").intlTelInput({ autoHideDialCode: true, autoPlaceholder: true, nationalMode: false, separateDialCode: true, hiddenInput: "full_number", }); $(".wpcf7-phonetext").each(function () { var hiddenInput = $(this).attr('name'); //console.log(hiddenInput); var dial_code = $(this).siblings(".flag-container").find(".selected-flag .selected-dial-code").text(); $("input[name="+hiddenInput+"-country-code]").val(dial_code); }); $(".wpcf7-phonetext").on("countrychange", function() { // do something with iti.getSelectedCountryData() //console.log(this.value); var hiddenInput = $(this).attr("name"); var dial_code = $(this).siblings(".flag-container").find(".selected-flag .selected-dial-code").text(); $("input[name="+hiddenInput+"-country-code]").val(dial_code); }); var isMobile = /Android.+Mobile|webOS|iPhone|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent); $(".wpcf7-phonetext").on("keyup", function() { var dial_code = $(this).siblings(".flag-container").find(".selected-flag .selected-dial-code").text(); var value = $(this).val(); if(value == "+") $(this).val(""); else if(value.indexOf("+") == "-1") $(this).val(dial_code + value); else if(value.indexOf("+") > 0) $(this).val(dial_code + value.substring(dial_code.length)); });$(".wpcf7-countrytext").on("keyup", function() { var country_name = $(this).siblings(".flag-dropdown").find(".country-list li.active span.country-name").text(); if(country_name == "") var country_name = $(this).siblings(".flag-dropdown").find(".country-list li.highlight span.country-name").text(); var value = $(this).val(); //console.log(country_name, value); $(this).val(country_name + value.substring(country_name.length)); }); }); })(jQuery); </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/honeypot/includes/js/wpa.js?ver=2.2.06" id="wpascript-js"></script> <script id="wpascript-js-after"> wpa_field_info = {"wpa_field_name":"devcsj9052","wpa_field_value":94384,"wpa_add_test":"no"} </script> <script id="wpcf7-redirect-script-js-extra"> var wpcf7r = {"ajax_url":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/wpcf7-redirect/build/js/wpcf7r-fe.js?ver=1.1" id="wpcf7-redirect-script-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/libs/framework/assets/js/frontend-script.js?ver=3.4.0" id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js"></script> <script id="elementskit-framework-js-frontend-js-after"> var elementskit = { resturl: 'https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-json/elementskit/v1/', } </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/widget-scripts.js?ver=3.4.0" id="ekit-widget-scripts-js"></script> <script id="wpcf7cf-scripts-js-extra"> var wpcf7cf_global_settings = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php"}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/cf7-conditional-fields/js/scripts.js?ver=2.5.7" id="wpcf7cf-scripts-js"></script> <script id="eael-general-js-extra"> var localize = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"5d103cac5c","i18n":{"added":"Added ","compare":"Compare","loading":"Loading..."},"eael_translate_text":{"required_text":"is a required field","invalid_text":"Invalid","billing_text":"Billing","shipping_text":"Shipping","fg_mfp_counter_text":"of"},"page_permalink":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/antifungal-strains\/","cart_redirectition":"","cart_page_url":"","el_breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/js/view/general.min.js?ver=6.1.4" id="eael-general-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-includes/js/hoverIntent.min.js?ver=1.10.2" id="hoverIntent-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/megamenu/js/maxmegamenu.js?ver=3.4.1" id="megamenu-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-includes/js/imagesloaded.min.js?ver=5.0.0" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/pro-elements/assets/js/webpack-pro.runtime.min.js?ver=3.27.0" id="elementor-pro-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=3.27.5" id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=3.27.5" id="elementor-frontend-modules-js"></script> <script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js-before"> var ElementorProFrontendConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"22b8d63e36","urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/pro-elements\/assets\/","rest":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-json\/"},"settings":{"lazy_load_background_images":true},"popup":{"hasPopUps":true},"shareButtonsNetworks":{"facebook":{"title":"Facebook","has_counter":true},"twitter":{"title":"Twitter"},"linkedin":{"title":"LinkedIn","has_counter":true},"pinterest":{"title":"Pinterest","has_counter":true},"reddit":{"title":"Reddit","has_counter":true},"vk":{"title":"VK","has_counter":true},"odnoklassniki":{"title":"OK","has_counter":true},"tumblr":{"title":"Tumblr"},"digg":{"title":"Digg"},"skype":{"title":"Skype"},"stumbleupon":{"title":"StumbleUpon","has_counter":true},"mix":{"title":"Mix"},"telegram":{"title":"Telegram"},"pocket":{"title":"Pocket","has_counter":true},"xing":{"title":"XING","has_counter":true},"whatsapp":{"title":"WhatsApp"},"email":{"title":"Email"},"print":{"title":"Print"},"x-twitter":{"title":"X"},"threads":{"title":"Threads"}},"facebook_sdk":{"lang":"en_US","app_id":""},"lottie":{"defaultAnimationUrl":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/pro-elements\/modules\/lottie\/assets\/animations\/default.json"}}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/pro-elements/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.27.0" id="elementor-pro-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script id="elementor-frontend-js-before"> var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareOnTwitter":"Share on Twitter","pinIt":"Pin it","download":"Download","downloadImage":"Download image","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","zoom":"Zoom","share":"Share","playVideo":"Play Video","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","close":"Close","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Previous slide","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Next slide","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"This is the first slide","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"This is the last slide","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Go to slide"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1025,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1024,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}},"hasCustomBreakpoints":false},"version":"3.27.5","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"additional_custom_breakpoints":true,"container":true,"e_swiper_latest":true,"e_onboarding":true,"theme_builder_v2":true,"home_screen":true,"landing-pages":true,"nested-elements":true,"editor_v2":true,"link-in-bio":true,"floating-buttons":true},"urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","uploadUrl":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-content\/uploads"},"nonces":{"floatingButtonsClickTracking":"ea38fce3ae"},"swiperClass":"swiper","settings":{"page":[],"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet"],"global_image_lightbox":"yes","lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description"},"post":{"id":18139,"title":"Anti-Fungal%20Strains%3A%20Role%20of%20Lab%20Testing%20in%20Research","excerpt":"","featuredImage":false}}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.27.5" id="elementor-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/pro-elements/assets/js/elements-handlers.min.js?ver=3.27.0" id="pro-elements-handlers-js"></script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/animate-circle.min.js?ver=3.4.0" id="animate-circle-js"></script> <script id="elementskit-elementor-js-extra"> var ekit_config = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/microbe-investigations.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"7b87972e60"}; </script> <script src="https://microbe-investigations.com/wp-content/plugins/elementskit-lite/widgets/init/assets/js/elementor.js?ver=3.4.0" id="elementskit-elementor-js"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> </body> </html>