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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Hassuna culture</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 23 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-23" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">23 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassuna-beskawing" title="Hassuna-beskawing – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Hassuna-beskawing" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%D8%A9" title="ثقافة حسونة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثقافة حسونة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_Hassuna-Samarra" title="Cultura Hassuna-Samarra – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cultura Hassuna-Samarra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chassunsk%C3%A1_kultura" title="Chassunská kultura – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chassunská kultura" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassuna-kulturen" title="Hassuna-kulturen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hassuna-kulturen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassuna-Kultur" title="Hassuna-Kultur – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hassuna-Kultur" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_Hassuna-Samarra" title="Cultura Hassuna-Samarra – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura Hassuna-Samarra" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassuna_kultura" title="Hassuna kultura – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Hassuna kultura" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9riode_de_Hassuna" title="Période de Hassuna – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Période de Hassuna" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_di_Hassuna" title="Cultura di Hassuna – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cultura di Hassuna" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%97%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94" title="תרבות חסונה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרבות חסונה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasunos_kult%C5%ABra" title="Hasunos kultūra – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Hasunos kultūra" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasszuna-kult%C3%BAra" title="Hasszuna-kultúra – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Hasszuna-kultúra" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassunacultuur" title="Hassunacultuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hassunacultuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="ハッスーナ文化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハッスーナ文化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peri%C3%B2de_de_Hassuna" title="Periòde de Hassuna – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Periòde de Hassuna" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xassuna_madaniyati" title="Xassuna madaniyati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xassuna madaniyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_Hassuna" title="Kultura Hassuna – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kultura Hassuna" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_Hassuna-Samarra" title="Cultura de Hassuna-Samarra – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura de Hassuna-Samarra" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Хассунская культура – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хассунская культура" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasunska_kultura" title="Hasunska kultura – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Hasunska kultura" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Late Neolithic archaeological culture of Mesopotamia</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Hassuna culture</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Mesopotamian_Prehistorical_cultures.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mesopotamian_Prehistorical_cultures.jpg/260px-Mesopotamian_Prehistorical_cultures.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mesopotamian_Prehistorical_cultures.jpg/390px-Mesopotamian_Prehistorical_cultures.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Mesopotamian_Prehistorical_cultures.jpg/520px-Mesopotamian_Prehistorical_cultures.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1663" data-file-height="1307" /></a></span> <br />Hassuna culture (in yellow), next to <a href="/wiki/Samarra_culture" title="Samarra culture">Samarra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> cultures.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Geographical range</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Period</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dates</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>circa</i> 6000 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">Type site</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tell_Hassuna" title="Tell Hassuna">Tell Hassuna</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Major sites</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tell_Shemshara" title="Tell Shemshara">Tell Shemshara</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Preceded by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">Pre-Pottery Neolithic B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yarmukian_culture" title="Yarmukian culture">Yarmukian culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf culture</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Followed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid period</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:262px"><div style="position:relative;width:260px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hassuna culture is located in Iraq"><img alt="Hassuna culture is located in Iraq" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Iraq_adm_location_map.svg/260px-Iraq_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Iraq_adm_location_map.svg/390px-Iraq_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Iraq_adm_location_map.svg/520px-Iraq_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1240" data-file-height="1263" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:13.29%;left:43.462%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tell Hassuna"><img alt="Tell Hassuna" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Tell_Hassuna" title="Tell Hassuna">Tell Hassuna</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:16.121%;left:62.269%;font-size:75%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Tell Shemshara"><img alt="Tell Shemshara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div><a href="/wiki/Tell_Shemshara" title="Tell Shemshara">Tell Shemshara</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Iraq_adm_location_map.svg" title="File:Iraq adm location map.svg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Map of <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> showing important sites that were occupied by the Hassuna culture (clickable map)</div></div></div> <p>The <b>Hassuna culture</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> <a href="/wiki/Archaeological_culture" title="Archaeological culture">archaeological culture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Mesopotamia">northern Mesopotamia</a> dating to the early sixth millennium BC. It is named after the <a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">type site</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tell_Hassuna" title="Tell Hassuna">Tell Hassuna</a> in <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a>. Other sites where Hassuna material has been found include <a href="/wiki/Tell_Shemshara" title="Tell Shemshara">Tell Shemshara</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By around 6000 BC people had moved into the <a href="/wiki/Foothills" title="Foothills">foothills</a> (piedmont) of northernmost <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> where there was enough rainfall to allow for <a href="/wiki/Dryland_farming" title="Dryland farming">"dry" agriculture</a> in some places. These were the first farmers in northernmost Mesopotamia. They made Hassuna-style pottery (cream slip with reddish paint in linear designs). Hassuna people lived in small villages or hamlets ranging 2–8 acres (0.81–3.24 ha). </p><p>At Tell Hassuna, adobe dwellings built around open central courts with fine painted <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> replace earlier levels with crude pottery. Hand axes, sickles, grinding stones, bins, baking ovens, and numerous bones of domesticated animals reflect settled agricultural life. Female figurines have been related to worship and jar burials within which food was placed related to belief in afterlife. The relationship of Hassuna pottery to that of <a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a> suggests that village culture was becoming widespread.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pre-Proto-Hassuna">Pre-Proto-Hassuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Pre-Proto-Hassuna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>More recently, the concept of a very early 'Pre-Proto-Hassuna' pottery tradition has been introduced by some scholars. This has been prompted by more recent discoveries of still earlier pottery traditions. Pre-Proto-Hassuna refers to the <a href="/wiki/Late_Neolithic" title="Late Neolithic">Late Neolithic</a> period in <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a> when the ceramic containers were just being introduced.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pottery vessels were still very few in number in these early settlements. At that time, the main emphasis was on the pottery with a mineral temper, as opposed to the plant-tempered pottery which came to predominate later. </p><p>The time frame for this period was about 7000-6700 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and at this time stone vessels and <a href="/wiki/White_Ware" title="White Ware">White Ware</a> were still being used in addition to pottery.<sup id="cite_ref-bernbeck_nieuwenhuyse_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bernbeck_nieuwenhuyse-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the narrow local emphasis in many pottery studies as of now, these earliest pottery traditions may be known in literature as: </p> <ul><li>Pre-Proto-Hassuna (in <a href="/wiki/Khabur_(Euphrates)" title="Khabur (Euphrates)">Khabur</a>, and northern Iraq)</li> <li>Initial Pottery Neolithic (in <a href="/wiki/Balikh_River" title="Balikh River">Balikh River</a> area, for example <a href="/wiki/Tell_Sabi_Abyad" title="Tell Sabi Abyad">Tell Sabi Abyad</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Transitional (in Turkish <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a> area; main sites are Mezraa Teleilat and <a href="/wiki/Akar%C3%A7ay" title="Akarçay">Akarcay Tepe</a>, with pottery dated to <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 6800 BC</span>)</li> <li>Halula I (in Syrian Euphrates area; the main site is <a href="/wiki/Tell_Halula" title="Tell Halula">Tell Halula</a>)</li> <li>Rouj 2a (in Northern Levant); several archaeological sites are located in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Al-Ruj_Plain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Al-Ruj Plain (page does not exist)">Rouj basin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Idlib_Governorate" title="Idlib Governorate">Idlib</a>, Syria).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Nevertheless, all of these nomenclatures may refer to quite similar types of pottery, depending on some specific geographic region of Upper Mesopotamia.<sup id="cite_ref-bernbeck_nieuwenhuyse_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bernbeck_nieuwenhuyse-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Proto-Hassuna">Proto-Hassuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Proto-Hassuna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This period denotes a higher use of ceramics than with the pre-proto-Hassuna period.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The site of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Dabaghiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Dabaghiyah (page does not exist)">Umm Dabaghiyah</a> (<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Dabaghiyah-Sotto-Kultur" class="extiw" title="de:Umm Dabaghiyah-Sotto-Kultur">de:Umm Dabaghiyah-Sotto-Kultur</a>), in the same area of Iraq, is believed to have the earliest pottery in this region, and is sometimes described as a 'Proto-Hassuna culture' site. Other related sites in the area are Sotto and Yarim Tepe I, having 585 recorded ceramic fragments. They were found by archaeologist A.A. Bobrinsky.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another pre-Hassuna or proto-Hassuna site in Iraq is <a href="/wiki/Tell_Maghzaliyah" title="Tell Maghzaliyah">Tell Maghzaliyah</a>. Yet another site with proto-Hassuna pottery is <a href="/wiki/Ginnig" title="Ginnig">Ginnig</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The time frame for this period was about 6700-6300 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaic_Hassuna">Archaic Hassuna</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Archaic Hassuna"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>‘Archaic Hassuna’ has been introduced more recently as a new period different to proto-Hassuna.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This period is recorded to have a decrease in the concentration of <a href="/wiki/Manure" title="Manure">dung</a> in ceramic production and an increase in the use of two-layer slabs in construction, although they were used prior to this period. During this timeframe, pottery kilns start to show up in many sites.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changing patterns within pottery may also connect with an increase in cultural diffusion. The <a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">type site</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tell_Hassuna" title="Tell Hassuna">Tell Hassuna</a>, is also recorded to possess Archaic Hassuna artifacts.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The time frame for this period was about 6300-6000 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artifacts">Artifacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Artifacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 972px;"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hassuna_redware_bowl.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hassuna redware bowl, circa 5500 BC"><img alt="Hassuna redware bowl, circa 5500 BC" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hassuna_redware_bowl.jpg/200px-Hassuna_redware_bowl.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hassuna_redware_bowl.jpg/300px-Hassuna_redware_bowl.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Hassuna_redware_bowl.jpg/400px-Hassuna_redware_bowl.jpg 2x" data-file-width="596" data-file-height="473" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hassuna redware bowl, circa 5500 BC</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC."><img alt="Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_5.jpg/200px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_5.jpg/300px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_5.jpg/400px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4056" data-file-height="2684" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC."><img alt="Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_3.jpg/200px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_3.jpg/300px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_3.jpg/400px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2720" data-file-height="2600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_6.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC."><img alt="Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_6.jpg/200px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_6.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_6.jpg/300px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_6.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_6.jpg/400px-Poterie_d%C3%A9cor_incis%C3%A9_Hassuna_Louvre_28122017_6.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3052" data-file-height="2748" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fragment of pottery with incised and painted decor. From Tell Hassuna, 6500 - 6000 BC.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe_(2).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstitution of Neolithic dwelling in northern Mesopotamia (Akarcay Tepe II)"><img alt="Reconstitution of Neolithic dwelling in northern Mesopotamia (Akarcay Tepe II)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe_%282%29.jpg/200px-%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe_%282%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe_%282%29.jpg/300px-%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe_%282%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe_%282%29.jpg/400px-%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe_%282%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstitution of Neolithic dwelling in northern Mesopotamia (<a href="/wiki/Akar%C3%A7ay" title="Akarçay">Akarcay Tepe</a> II)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 230px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Reconstitution of Neolithic dwelling in northern Mesopotamia (Akarcay Tepe II)"><img alt="Reconstitution of Neolithic dwelling in northern Mesopotamia (Akarcay Tepe II)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe.jpg/200px-%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe.jpg/300px-%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe.jpg/400px-%C5%9Eanl%C4%B1urfa_M%C3%BCzesi_Akar%C3%A7ay_Tepe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5152" data-file-height="3864" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Reconstitution of Neolithic dwelling in northern Mesopotamia (<a href="/wiki/Akar%C3%A7ay" title="Akarçay">Akarcay Tepe</a> II)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hassuna_Period" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Hassuna Period">Hassuna Period</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samarra_culture" title="Samarra culture">Samarra culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_pottery" title="Levantine pottery">Levantine pottery</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.persee.fr/doc/paleo_0153-9345_2005_num_31_2_5125">"The oldest pottery Neolithic of Upper Mesopotamia : New evidence from Tell Seker al-Aheimar, the Khabur, northeast Syria - Persée"</a>. Persee.fr. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3406%2Fpaleo.2005.5125">10.3406/paleo.2005.5125</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 18,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+oldest+pottery+Neolithic+of+Upper+Mesopotamia+%3A+New+evidence+from+Tell+Seker+al-Aheimar%2C+the+Khabur%2C+northeast+Syria+-+Pers%C3%A9e&rft.pub=Persee.fr&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3406%2Fpaleo.2005.5125&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.persee.fr%2Fdoc%2Fpaleo_0153-9345_2005_num_31_2_5125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassuna+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/term/x103740">"Collections Online | British Museum"</a>. <i>www.britishmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britishmuseum.org&rft.atitle=Collections+Online+%7C+British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fcollection%2Fterm%2Fx103740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassuna+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bernbeck_nieuwenhuyse-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bernbeck_nieuwenhuyse_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bernbeck_nieuwenhuyse_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Reinhard Bernbeck and Olivier Nieuwenhuyse (2013), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://is.muni.cz/el/1421/jaro2013/PAPVA_42/um/40791983/01_ILNUM_Intro_FinalVersion_15-11-12_Chronologies.pdf">ESTABLISHED PARADIGMS, CURRENT DISPUTES AND EMERGING THEMES: THE STATE OF RESEARCH ON THE LATE NEOLITHIC IN UPPER MESOPOTAMIA</a> Publications on Archaeology of the Leiden Museum of Archaeology (PALMA), Brepols pub. (Turnhout, Belgium), 17-37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sabi-abyad.nl/Page.aspx?pageType=page&pageID=399">The very oldest pottery of Tell Sabi Abyad (and of Syria), 7000-6700 BC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150723230246/http://www.sabi-abyad.nl/Page.aspx?pageType=page&pageID=399">Archived</a> 2015-07-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sabi-abyad.nl">http://www.sabi-abyad.nl</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224020041/http://www.histanth.tsukuba.ac.jp/tap/elrouj/WWW/rouj/rouj-map.html">"Syro-Japanese Archaeological Investigation - Rouj Basin Project, Syria"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.academia.edu&rft.atitle=Hassuna+Culture+Research+Papers+-+Academia.edu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2FDocuments%2Fin%2FHassuna_Culture&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassuna+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatkins1992" class="citation journal cs1">Watkins, Trevor (1992-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.2307/3210311">"Pushing Back the Frontiers of Mesopotamian Prehistory"</a>. <i>The Biblical Archaeologist</i>. <b>55</b> (4): 176–181. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3210311">10.2307/3210311</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-0895">0006-0895</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3210311">3210311</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Biblical+Archaeologist&rft.atitle=Pushing+Back+the+Frontiers+of+Mesopotamian+Prehistory&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=176-181&rft.date=1992-12-01&rft.issn=0006-0895&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3210311%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3210311&rft.aulast=Watkins&rft.aufirst=Trevor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.journals.uchicago.edu%2Fdoi%2F10.2307%2F3210311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassuna+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetrova2012" class="citation journal cs1">Petrova, Natalia Yu. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4312%2FDP.39.5">"A Technological Study of Hassuna Culture Ceramics (Yarim Tepe I settlement)"</a>. <i>Documenta Praehistorica XXXIX</i>. <b>39</b>: 75–82. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4312%2FDP.39.5">10.4312/DP.39.5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:111376528">111376528</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Documenta+Praehistorica+XXXIX&rft.atitle=A+Technological+Study+of+Hassuna+Culture+Ceramics+%28Yarim+Tepe+I+settlement%29&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=75-82&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4312%2FDP.39.5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A111376528%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Petrova&rft.aufirst=Natalia+Yu.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4312%252FDP.39.5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassuna+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2022" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Barry Edward (9 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repository.arizona.edu/bitstream/handle/10150/318239/AZU_TD_BOX49_E9791_1969_292.pdf?sequence=1"><i>THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF NORTHERN MESOPOTAMIA</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Barry Edward Thompson. p. 49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=THE+ARCHAEOLOGY+OF+NORTHERN+MESOPOTAMIA&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Barry+Edward+Thompson&rft.date=2022-05-09&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Barry+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frepository.arizona.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10150%2F318239%2FAZU_TD_BOX49_E9791_1969_292.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHassuna+culture" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neolithic_Southwest_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" 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style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Pottery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic A">Pre-Pottery Neolithic A</a> (PPNA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">Pre-Pottery Neolithic B</a> (PPNB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic C">Pre-Pottery Neolithic C</a> (PPNC)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zagros_Neolithic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zagros Neolithic (page does not exist)">Zagros Neolithic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amuq_A-B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Amuq A-B (page does not exist)">Amuq A-B</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hassuna</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jarmoan_culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jarmoan culture (page does not exist)">Jarmoan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lodian_culture" title="Lodian culture">Lodian</a> (Jericho XI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nizzanim_culture" title="Nizzanim culture">Nizzanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samarra_culture" title="Samarra culture">Samarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Rabah_culture" title="Wadi Rabah culture">Wadi Rabah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarmukian_culture" title="Yarmukian culture">Yarmukian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_site" title="Archaeological site">Sites</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Pottery</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hudhud&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Hudhud (page does not exist)">Abu Hudhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(archaeological_site)" title="Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)">ʿAin Ghazal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ba%27ja" title="Ba'ja">Ba'ja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basta_(archaeological_site)" title="Basta (archaeological site)">Basta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bawwab_al-Ghazal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bawwab al-Ghazal (page does not exist)">Bawwab al-Ghazal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beidha_(archaeological_site)" title="Beidha (archaeological site)">Beidha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beisamoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Beisamoun">Beisamoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boncuklu_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Boncuklu Höyük">Boncuklu Höyük</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boncuklu_Tarla" title="Boncuklu Tarla">Boncuklu Tarla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouqras" title="Bouqras">Bouqras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ay%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Çayönü">Çayönü</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chia_Jani" title="Chia Jani">Chia Jani</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chia_Sabz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chia Sabz (page does not exist)">Chia Sabz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuweila" title="Dhuweila">Dhuweila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dja%27de_el_Mughara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dja'de el Mughara (page does not exist)">Dja'de el Mughara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganj_Dareh" title="Ganj Dareh">Ganj Dareh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgal_I" title="Gilgal I">Gilgal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_ed-Dubb" title="Iraq ed-Dubb">Iraq ed-Dubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarmo" title="Jarmo">Jarmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerf_el_Ahmar" title="Jerf el Ahmar">Jerf el Ahmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karahan_Tepe" title="Karahan Tepe">Karahan Tepe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tell_al-%27Abr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tell al-'Abr (page does not exist)">Tell 'Abr 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abu_Hureyra" title="Tell Abu Hureyra">Tell Abu Hureyra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Tell es-Sultan</a> (Jericho)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Qaramel" title="Tell Qaramel">Tell Qaramel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tell_Qarassa_North&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tell Qarassa North (page does not exist)">Tell Qarassa North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tayibe,_Lebanon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayibe, Lebanon">Tayibe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepe_Abdul_Hosein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tepe Abdul Hosein (page does not exist)">Tepe Abdul Hosein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepe_Asiab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tepe Asiab (page does not exist)">Tepe Asiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%27lefaat" title="M'lefaat">M'lefaat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mureybet" title="Mureybet">Mureybet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahal_Hemar_Cave" title="Nahal Hemar Cave">Nahal Hemar Cave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemrik_9" title="Nemrik 9">Nemrik 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netiv_HaGdud_(archaeological_site)" title="Netiv HaGdud (archaeological site)">Netiv HaGdud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neval%C4%B1_%C3%87ori" title="Nevalı Çori">Nevalı Çori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nachcharini" title="Nachcharini">Nachcharini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qermez_Dere" title="Qermez Dere">Qermez Dere</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabra_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabra 1 (page does not exist)">Sabra 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sheikh_e-Abad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sheikh e-Abad (page does not exist)">Sheikh e-Abad</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shkarat_Msaeid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shkarat Msaeid (page does not exist)">Shkarat Msaeid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shubayqa_6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shubayqa 6 (page does not exist)">Shubayqa 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_Faynan_16&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi Faynan 16 (page does not exist)">Wadi Faynan 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Shu%CA%BFeib_(archaeological_site)" title="Wadi Shuʿeib (archaeological site)">Wadi Shuʿeib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiftahel" title="Yiftahel">Yiftahel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zumlat_Arus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zumlat Arus (page does not exist)">Zumlat Arus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Hamid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Hamid (page does not exist)">Abu Hamid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Masiyad_al-Gharbi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Masiyad al-Gharbi (page does not exist)">Abu Masiyad al-Gharbi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Masiyad_al-Sharqi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abu Masiyad al-Sharqi (page does not exist)">Abu Masiyad al-Sharqi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayn_Jammam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayn Jammam (page does not exist)">Ayn Jammam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ayn_Rahub&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ayn Rahub (page does not exist)">Ayn Rahub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bestansur" title="Bestansur">Bestansur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byblos" title="Byblos">Byblos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhuweila" title="Dhuweila">Dhuweila</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=El-Hemmeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="El-Hemmeh (page does not exist)">El-Hemmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ghuwayr_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ghuwayr 1 (page does not exist)">Ghuwayr 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginnig" title="Ginnig">Ginnig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallan_%C3%87emi" title="Hallan Çemi">Hallan Çemi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hibabiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hibabiya (page does not exist)">Hibabiya</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibn_el_Ghazi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibn el Ghazi (page does not exist)">Ibn el Ghazi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabal_Na%27ja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabal Na'ja (page does not exist)">Jabal Na'ja</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jabal_Quweisa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jabal Quweisa (page does not exist)">Jabal Quweisa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jebel_Abu_Thawwab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jebel Abu Thawwab (page does not exist)">Jebel Abu Thawwab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jebel_Qurma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jebel Qurma (page does not exist)">Jebel Qurma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jebel_Subhi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jebel Subhi (page does not exist)">Jebel Subhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kfar_HaHoresh_(archaeological_site)" title="Kfar HaHoresh (archaeological site)">Kfar HaHoresh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khabrat_Abu_Hussein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khabrat Abu Hussein (page does not exist)">Khabrat Abu Hussein</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khallat_Anaza&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khallat Anaza (page does not exist)">Khallat Anaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharaysin" title="Kharaysin">Kharaysin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaukaba" title="Kaukaba">Kaukaba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khirbet_Hammam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khirbet Hammam (page does not exist)">Khirbet Hammam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khirbet_al-Dharih&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Khirbet al-Dharih (page does not exist)">Khirbet al-Dharih</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matarrah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matarrah (page does not exist)">Matarrah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mugharat_al-Jawa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mugharat al-Jawa (page does not exist)">Mugharat al-Jawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhata" title="Munhata">Munhata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Muraybet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Muraybet (page does not exist)">Muraybet</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mushash_163&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mushash 163 (page does not exist)">Mushash 163</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayyeh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sayyeh (page does not exist)">Sayyeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sha%27ar_HaGolan_(archaeological_site)" title="Sha'ar HaGolan (archaeological site)">Sha'ar HaGolan</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tabaqat_al-B%C3%BBma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tabaqat al-Bûma (page does not exist)">Tabaqat al-Bûma</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tell_Abu_Suwwan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tell Abu Suwwan (page does not exist)">Tell Abu Suwwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Ghoraif%C3%A9" title="Tell Ghoraifé">Tell Ghoraifé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Hassuna" title="Tell Hassuna">Tell Hassuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Shemshara" title="Tell Shemshara">Tell Shemshara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sawwan" title="Tell es-Sawwan">Tell es-Sawwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleilat_el_Ghassul" class="mw-redirect" title="Teleilat el Ghassul">Teleilat el Ghassul</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Dabaghiyah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Dabaghiyah (page does not exist)">Umm Dabaghiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wadi_Jilat_7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wadi Jilat 7 (page does not exist)">Wadi Jilat 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadi_Shu%CA%BFeib_(archaeological_site)" title="Wadi Shuʿeib (archaeological site)">Wadi Shuʿeib</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zumlat_Arus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zumlat Arus (page does not exist)">Zumlat Arus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Revolution" title="Neolithic Revolution">Neolithic Revolution</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Founder_crops" title="Founder crops">Founder crops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_demographic_transition" title="Neolithic demographic transition">Neolithic demographic transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_decline" title="Neolithic decline">Neolithic decline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vavilov_centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Vavilov centre">Vavilov centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chronology_of_the_Neolithic_period" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic_Chronology" title="Template:Neolithic Chronology"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neolithic_Chronology" title="Template talk:Neolithic Chronology"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic_Chronology" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Neolithic Chronology"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chronology_of_the_Neolithic_period" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Chronology of the Neolithic period</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #C0C0C0;background-color:#F5F5F5; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic">Pre-Pottery Neolithic</a></span> <span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #C0C0C0;background-color:#FDF5E6; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em;">BC</span> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Khabur_(Euphrates)" title="Khabur (Euphrates)">Khabur</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a> </th> <th>Middle <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> </th> <th>Low<br /><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Khuzistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuzistan">Khuzistan</a>) </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Indus" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus">Indus</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">11000</span> </th> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="1"> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ceramics" title="Chinese ceramics">Early Pottery</a><br />(18,000 BC) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">10000</span> </th> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic A">Pre-Pottery Neolithic A</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Gesher_(archaeological_site)" title="Gesher (archaeological site)">Gesher</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mureybet" title="Mureybet">Mureybet</a><br />(10,500 BC) </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="2">  </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="6"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="5"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="4"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top;" rowspan="3"> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">9000</span> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tell_Abu_Hureyra" title="Tell Abu Hureyra">Tell Abu Hureyra</a><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">8000</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">Pre-Pottery Neolithic B</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho">Jericho</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tell_Aswad" title="Tell Aswad">Tell Aswad</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe" title="Göbekli Tepe">Göbekli Tepe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/%C3%87ay%C3%B6n%C3%BC" title="Çayönü">Çayönü</a><br /><a href="/wiki/A%C5%9F%C4%B1kl%C4%B1_H%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Aşıklı Höyük">Aşıklı Höyük</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b>Initial Neolithic</b><br /><b>(<a href="/wiki/Chinese_ceramics" title="Chinese ceramics">Pottery</a>)</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Nanzhuangtou" title="Nanzhuangtou">Nanzhuangtou</a><br />(8500–8000 BC) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">7000</span> </th> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt#Neolithic" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Egyptian Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Nabta_Playa" title="Nabta Playa">Nabta Playa</a><br />(7500 BC) </td> <td rowspan="4" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%87atalh%C3%B6y%C3%BCk" title="Çatalhöyük">Çatalhöyük</a><br />(7500–5500)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hacilar" title="Hacilar">Hacilar</a><br />(7000 BC) </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sabi_Abyad" title="Tell Sabi Abyad">Tell Sabi Abyad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bouqras" title="Bouqras">Bouqras</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Jarmo" title="Jarmo">Jarmo</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ganj_Dareh" title="Ganj Dareh">Ganj Dareh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Chia_Jani" title="Chia Jani">Chia Jani</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ali_Kosh" title="Ali Kosh">Ali Kosh</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">6500</span> </th> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_Europe" title="Neolithic Europe">Neolithic Europe</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Franchthi_Cave" title="Franchthi Cave">Franchthi</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sesklo" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a><br /> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic C">Pre-Pottery Neolithic C</a></b><br />(<a href="/wiki/Ayn_Ghazal_(archaeological_site)" title="Ayn Ghazal (archaeological site)">'Ain Ghazal</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Tell_Sabi_Abyad" title="Tell Sabi Abyad">Tell Sabi Abyad</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bouqras" title="Bouqras">Bouqras</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Jarmo" title="Jarmo">Jarmo</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Chogha_Bonut" title="Chogha Bonut">Chogha Bonut</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Teppe_Zagheh" title="Teppe Zagheh">Teppe Zagheh</a> </td> <td rowspan="9" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Chinese_ceramics" title="Chinese ceramics">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Peiligang_culture" title="Peiligang culture">Peiligang</a><br />(7000–5000 BC) </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">6000</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Sesklo" title="Sesklo">Sesklo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Dimini" title="Dimini">Dimini</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Yarmukian_culture" title="Yarmukian culture">Yarmukian</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Sha%27ar_HaGolan" title="Sha'ar HaGolan">Sha'ar HaGolan</a>) </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 0<br />(<a href="/wiki/Tell_el-%27Oueili" title="Tell el-'Oueili">Tell el-'Oueili</a>) </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Chogha_Mish" title="Chogha Mish">Chogha Mish</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Sang-i_Chakmak" title="Sang-i Chakmak">Sang-i Chakmak</a> </td> <td rowspan="7" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_in_the_Indian_subcontinent" title="Pottery in the Indian subcontinent">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Lahuradewa" title="Lahuradewa">Lahuradewa</a><br /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh II</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Mehrgarh" title="Mehrgarh">Mehrgarh III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">5600</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_Egypt#Faiyum_A_culture" title="Prehistoric Egypt">Faiyum A</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Amuq" class="mw-redirect" title="Amuq">Amuq</a> A </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf</a><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Halaf-Ubaid_Transitional_period" title="Halaf-Ubaid Transitional period">Halaf-Ubaid</a> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Umm_Dabaghiya&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Umm Dabaghiya (page does not exist)">Umm Dabaghiya</a> </td> <td rowspan="3" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Samarra_culture" title="Samarra culture">Samarra</a><br />(6000–4800 BC) </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Muhammad_Djafar" class="mw-redirect" title="Tepe Muhammad Djafar">Tepe Muhammad Djafar</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Sialk" title="Tepe Sialk">Tepe Sialk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">5200</span> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Linear_Pottery_culture" title="Linear Pottery culture">Linear Pottery culture</a><br />(5500–4500 BC) </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br />Amuq B </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Hacilar" title="Hacilar">Hacilar</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a><br />24–22<br />  </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hassuna</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /> <a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 1<br />(<a href="/wiki/Eridu" title="Eridu">Eridu</a> 19–15)<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 2<br />(<a href="/wiki/Hadji_Muhammed" title="Hadji Muhammed">Hadji Muhammed</a>)<br />(<a href="/wiki/Eridu" title="Eridu">Eridu</a> 14–12) </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/wiki/Susiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Susiana">Susiana</a> A </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Yarim_Tepe_(Iran)" title="Yarim Tepe (Iran)">Yarim Tepe</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hajji_Firuz_Tepe" title="Hajji Firuz Tepe">Hajji Firuz Tepe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">4800</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><b><a href="/wiki/Pottery_Neolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pottery Neolithic">Pottery Neolithic</a></b><br /><a href="/wiki/Merimde_culture" title="Merimde culture">Merimde</a><br /> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br />Amuq C </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Hacilar" title="Hacilar">Hacilar</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a><br />22–20 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hassuna</a> Late<br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Tepe_Gawra" title="Tepe Gawra">Gawra</a> 20 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tepe_Sabz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tepe Sabz (page does not exist)">Tepe Sabz</a> </td> <td rowspan="34" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Kul_Tepe_Jolfa" title="Kul Tepe Jolfa">Kul Tepe Jolfa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><span style="position:relative;top:1em">4500</span> </th> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><br />Amuq D </td> <td rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;">Gian Hasan<br /><a href="/wiki/Mersin" title="Mersin">Mersin</a><br />19–17 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 3 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 3<br />(<a href="/wiki/Tepe_Gawra" title="Tepe Gawra">Gawra</a>)<br />19–18 </td> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 3 </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Khazineh" title="Khazineh">Khazineh</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Susiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Susiana">Susiana</a> B </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"><br /><span style="position:relative;top:1em">3800</span> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Badarian_culture" title="Badarian culture">Badarian</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Naqada_culture" title="Naqada culture">Naqada</a> </td> <td colspan="5" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;"><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a> 4 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="vertical-align:bottom; border-bottom:0px; border-top:0px"> </th> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FDF5E6; font-size:100%;" colspan="8"><i>Succeeded by: <a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" title="Template:Rulers of the Ancient Near East">Historical Ancient Near East</a></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ancient_Mesopotamia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ancient_Mesopotamia_topics" title="Template:Ancient Mesopotamia topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ancient_Mesopotamia_topics" title="Template talk:Ancient Mesopotamia topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient_Mesopotamia_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ancient Mesopotamia topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ancient_Mesopotamia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Ancient Mesopotamia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Mesopotamia" title="Geography of Mesopotamia">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia" title="Lower Mesopotamia">Lower Mesopotamia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_Marshes" title="Mesopotamian Marshes">Mesopotamian Marshes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Desert" title="Syrian Desert">Syrian Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taurus_Mountains" title="Taurus Mountains">Taurus Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigris%E2%80%93Euphrates_river_system" title="Tigris–Euphrates river system">Tigris–Euphrates river system</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zagros_Mountains" title="Zagros Mountains">Zagros Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamrin_Mountains" title="Hamrin Mountains">Hamrin Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinjar_Mountains" title="Sinjar Mountains">Sinjar Mountains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adiabene" title="Adiabene">Adiabene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkad_(city)" title="Akkad (city)">Akkad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armani_(kingdom)" title="Armani (kingdom)">Armani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaldea" title="Chaldea">Chaldea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutian_people" title="Gutian people">Gutium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamazi" title="Hamazi">Hamazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittites" title="Hittites">Hittites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medes" title="Medes">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simurrum" title="Simurrum">Simurrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subartu" title="Subartu">Subartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suhum" title="Suhum">Suhum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumer" title="Sumer">Sumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turukkaeans" title="Turukkaeans">Tukri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartu" title="Urartu">Urartu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="List of cities of the ancient Near East">Cities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ishtar_Gate.gif" class="mw-file-description" title="Ishtar Gate in the city of Babylon"><img alt="Ishtar Gate in the city of Babylon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ishtar_Gate.gif/110px-Ishtar_Gate.gif" decoding="async" width="110" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ishtar_Gate.gif/165px-Ishtar_Gate.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Ishtar_Gate.gif/220px-Ishtar_Gate.gif 2x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">(Pre)history</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_Mesopotamia" title="Prehistory of Mesopotamia">Prehistory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acheulean" title="Acheulean">Acheulean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mousterian" title="Mousterian">Mousterian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trialetian" class="mw-redirect" title="Trialetian">Trialetian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarzian_culture" title="Zarzian culture">Zarzian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemrik_9" title="Nemrik 9">Nemrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khiamian" class="mw-redirect" title="Khiamian">Khiamian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic A">Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hassuna</a>/<a href="/wiki/Samarra_culture" title="Samarra culture">Samarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halaf_culture" title="Halaf culture">Halaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaid_period" title="Ubaid period">Ubaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jemdet_Nasr_period" title="Jemdet Nasr period">Jemdet Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish_civilization" title="Kish civilization">Kish civilization</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mesopotamia" title="History of Mesopotamia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutian_rule_in_Mesopotamia" title="Gutian rule in Mesopotamia">Gutians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simurrum" title="Simurrum">Simurrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Ur III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isin-Larsa_period" title="Isin-Larsa period">Isin-Larsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Babylonian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="First Babylonian Empire">Old Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassite_dynasty" title="Kassite dynasty">Kassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Babylonian_period" title="Middle Babylonian period">Middle Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fall_of_Babylon" title="Fall of Babylon">Fall of Babylon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Assyria" title="Achaemenid Assyria">Achaemenid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assyriology" title="Assyriology">Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amorite_language" title="Amorite language">Amorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eblaite_language" title="Eblaite language">Eblaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elamite_language" title="Elamite language">Elamite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gutian_language" title="Gutian language">Gutian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittite_language" title="Hittite language">Hittite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurrian_language" title="Hurrian language">Hurrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassite_language" title="Kassite language">Kassite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luwian_language" title="Luwian language">Luwian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Median_language" title="Median language">Median</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Persian" title="Middle Persian">Middle Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Persian" title="Old Persian">Old Persian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthian_language" title="Parthian language">Parthian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Armenian_language" title="Proto-Armenian language">Proto-Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutean_language" title="Sutean language">Sutean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_language" title="Sumerian language">Sumerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urartian_language" title="Urartian language">Urartian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture/society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Mesopotamia" title="Architecture of Mesopotamia">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_of_Mesopotamia" title="Art of Mesopotamia">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akitu" title="Akitu">Akitu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_astronomy" title="Babylonian astronomy">Babylonian astronomy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_mathematics" title="Babylonian mathematics">Babylonian mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_literature" title="Akkadian literature">Akkadian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Sumer" title="Economy of Sumer">Economy of Sumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfare_in_Sumer" title="Warfare in Sumer">Warfare in Sumer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire">Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sumerian_cuisine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sumerian cuisine (page does not exist)">Sumerian cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_literature" title="Sumerian literature">Sumerian literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Mesopotamia" title="Music of Mesopotamia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indus-Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus-Mesopotamia relations">Indus-Mesopotamia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt-Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt-Mesopotamia relations">Egypt-Mesopotamia relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_royal_titulary" title="Akkadian royal titulary">Royal titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mesopotamian_dynasties" title="List of Mesopotamian dynasties">List of rulers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Archaeology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archaeological_looting_in_Iraq" title="Archaeological looting in Iraq">Looting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_cultural_heritage_by_ISIL" class="mw-redirect" title="Destruction of cultural heritage by ISIL">Destruction by ISIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">Tell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Ancient Mesopotamian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumerian_religion" title="Sumerian religion">Sumerian religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mesopotamian_deities" title="List of Mesopotamian deities">Deities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_myths" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamian myths">Mesopotamian myths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_divination" title="Mesopotamian divination">Divination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamian_prayer" title="Mesopotamian prayer">Prayers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">Ziggurat (Temple)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assyriology" title="Assyriology">Assyriology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyriologists" title="List of Assyriologists">Assyriologists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hittitology" title="Hittitology">Hittitology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Sumerian_Dictionary" title="Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary">Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Assyrian_Dictionary" title="Chicago Assyrian Dictionary">Chicago Assyrian Dictionary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Hittite_Dictionary" title="Chicago Hittite Dictionary">Chicago Hittite Dictionary</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&oldid=1222206719">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hassuna_culture&oldid=1222206719</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hassuna_culture" title="Category:Hassuna culture">Hassuna culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:6th_millennium_BC" title="Category:6th millennium BC">6th millennium BC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_cultures_of_the_Near_East" 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