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<span>Natufian hunter-gatherers, c. 10,000 BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natufian_hunter-gatherers,_c._10,000_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Pottery_Neolithic,_c._9500–6500_BCE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Pottery_Neolithic,_c._9500–6500_BCE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Pre-Pottery Neolithic, c. 9500–6500 BCE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Pottery_Neolithic,_c._9500–6500_BCE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A_(PPNA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A_(PPNA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.1</span> <span>Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A_(PPNA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B_(PPNB)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B_(PPNB)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2.2</span> <span>Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B_(PPNB)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chalcolithic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chalcolithic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Chalcolithic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chalcolithic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Early Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Middle Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_Bronze_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_Bronze_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Late Bronze Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_Bronze_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Iron_Age" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Iron_Age"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Iron Age</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Iron_Age-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Persian_and_Early_Hellenistic_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Persian_and_Early_Hellenistic_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Persian and Early Hellenistic periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Persian_and_Early_Hellenistic_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hasmonean_and_Herodian_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hasmonean_and_Herodian_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Hasmonean and Herodian periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hasmonean_and_Herodian_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Herodian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Herodian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.1</span> <span>Herodian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Herodian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_the_New_Testament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_the_New_Testament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8.2</span> <span>In the New Testament</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_the_New_Testament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Roman_province" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Roman_province"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Roman province</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Roman_province-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Byzantine_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Byzantine_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Byzantine period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Byzantine_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Muslim_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Muslim_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Early Muslim period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Muslim_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crusader_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crusader_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Crusader period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crusader_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Ayyubid and Mamluk periods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ottoman_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ottoman_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Ottoman period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ottoman_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-16th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#16th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.1</span> <span>16th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-16th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-17th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#17th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.2</span> <span>17th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-17th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.3</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14.4</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-British_Mandate_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#British_Mandate_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>British Mandate period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-British_Mandate_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jordanian_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jordanian_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>Jordanian period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jordanian_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1967_and_aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1967_and_aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.17</span> <span>1967 and aftermath</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1967_and_aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography_and_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography and environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography_and_environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography and environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Important_Bird_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Important_Bird_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Important Bird Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Important_Bird_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tourism subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biblical_and_Christian_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biblical_and_Christian_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Biblical and Christian landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biblical_and_Christian_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Archaeological landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools_and_religious_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_and_religious_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Schools and religious institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_and_religious_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Health care</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Twin towns – sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns_–_sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_and_cited_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_and_cited_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>General and cited references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_and_cited_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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Available in 82 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-82" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">82 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerigo" title="Jerigo – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jerigo" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A2%E1%8B%AB%E1%88%AA%E1%8A%AE" title="ኢያሪኮ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኢያሪኮ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iericho" title="Iericho – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Iericho" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="أريحا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أريحا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheric%C3%B3" title="Chericó – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Chericó" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%90%DC%9D%DC%AA%DC%9D%DC%9A%DC%98" title="ܐܝܪܝܚܘ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܐܝܪܝܚܘ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8B" title="জেরিকো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জেরিকো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Іерыхон – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Іерыхон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ерыхон – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Ерыхон" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йерихон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Йерихон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerihon" title="Jerihon – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jerihon" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jeriko" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeric%C3%B3" title="Jericó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jericó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Иерихон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Иерихон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho_(kapital_sa_dapit)" title="Jericho (kapital sa dapit) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Jericho (kapital sa dapit)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jeriko" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeeriko" title="Jeeriko – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jeeriko" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CE%B5%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87%CF%8E" title="Ιεριχώ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιεριχώ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeric%C3%B3" title="Jericó – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jericó" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeri%C4%A5o" title="Jeriĥo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jeriĥo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jeriko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="اریحا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اریحا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Jeriko" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9richo" title="Jéricho – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jéricho" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireach%C3%B3" title="Ireachó – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ireachó" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xeric%C3%B3" title="Xericó – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xericó" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BA%F0%90%8D%89" title="𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉 – Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌴𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐍉" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EB%A6%AC%EC%BD%94" title="예리코 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="예리코" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Երիքով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երիքով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B" title="जेरिको – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जेरिको" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerihon" title="Jerihon – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jerihon" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yerikho" title="Yerikho – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Yerikho" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Иерихон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Иерихон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerico" title="Gerico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gerico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95" title="יריחו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="יריחו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9C%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8B" title="ಜೆರಿಕೋ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಜೆರಿಕೋ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="იერიქონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იერიქონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerich%C3%B2" title="Jerichò – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Jerichò" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeriko" title="Yeriko – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Yeriko" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiericus" title="Hiericus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Hiericus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%93rika" title="Jērika – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Jērika" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerichas" title="Jerichas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jerichas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerik%C3%B3" title="Jerikó – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jerikó" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Ерихон – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ерихон" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerik%C3%B4" title="Jerikô – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jerikô" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="اریحا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اریحا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AA%E3%82%B3" title="エリコ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エリコ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0" title="Арихьа – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Арихьа" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jeriko" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jeriko" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeric%C3%B2" title="Jericò – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jericò" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyerixon" title="Iyerixon – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Iyerixon" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="اریحا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="اریحا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerycho" title="Jerycho – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jerycho" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeric%C3%B3" title="Jericó – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jericó" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ierihon" title="Ierihon – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ierihon" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Йеріхон – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Йеріхон" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Иерихон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Иерихон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Јерихон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јерихон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerihon" title="Jerihon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jerihon" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jeriko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeriko" title="Jeriko – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jeriko" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerico" title="Jerico – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jerico" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="எரிக்கோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எரிக்கோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eriha" title="Eriha – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Eriha" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Єрихон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Єрихон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AD%D8%A7" title="اریحا – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اریحا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeric%C3%B3_(syudad)" title="Jericó (syudad) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jericó (syudad)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91" title="杰里科 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="杰里科" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95" title="יריחו – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="יריחו" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%B6%E5%88%A9%E5%93%A5" title="耶利哥 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="耶利哥" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jericho" title="Jericho – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Jericho" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B0%E9%87%8C%E7%A7%91" title="杰里科 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="杰里科" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jericho&params=31_51_22_N_35_27_36_E_region:PS-JRH_type:city(20,300)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°51′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°27′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.85611°N 35.46000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.85611; 35.46000</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-default" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#extended" title="This article is extended-protected."><img alt="Page extended-protected" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Palestinian city in the West Bank</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city in Palestine. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jericho_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jericho (disambiguation)">Jericho (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Palestinian city in State of Palestine</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Jericho</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أريحا</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>)</span><br /><span title="Hebrew-language text"><span lang="he" dir="rtl">יריחו</span></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">Palestinian city</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Arabic transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/DIN_31635" title="DIN 31635">DIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Arīḥā</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Hebrew transcription(s)</th></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • <a href="/wiki/DIN_31636" title="DIN 31636">DIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Yərīḥō</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_cityscape_from_wall_ruins.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="View of Jericho from Tell es-Sultan"><img alt="View of Jericho from Tell es-Sultan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jericho_cityscape_from_wall_ruins.jpg/250px-Jericho_cityscape_from_wall_ruins.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jericho_cityscape_from_wall_ruins.jpg/375px-Jericho_cityscape_from_wall_ruins.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Jericho_cityscape_from_wall_ruins.jpg/500px-Jericho_cityscape_from_wall_ruins.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6077" data-file-height="2232" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">View of Jericho from Tell es-Sultan</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_Municipality_logo.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official logo of Jericho"><img alt="Official logo of Jericho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Jericho_Municipality_logo.png/100px-Jericho_Municipality_logo.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Jericho_Municipality_logo.png/150px-Jericho_Municipality_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Jericho_Municipality_logo.png/200px-Jericho_Municipality_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="159" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Municipal logo</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Palestine_location_map_wide.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jericho is located in State of Palestine"><img alt="Jericho is located in State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/250px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="465" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/375px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Palestine_location_map_wide.png/500px-Palestine_location_map_wide.png 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.14%;left:67.692%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Jericho"><img alt="Jericho" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Jericho</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Jericho within <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Jericho&params=31_51_22_N_35_27_36_E_region:PS-JRH_type:city(20,300)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">31°51′22″N</span> <span class="longitude">35°27′36″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">31.85611°N 35.46000°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">31.85611; 35.46000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_grid" title="Palestine grid">Palestine grid</a></th><td class="infobox-data">193/140</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Governorates_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Governorates of the Palestinian National Authority">Governorate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jericho_Governorate" title="Jericho Governorate">Jericho</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">9600 BCE</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Palestinian_Authority_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Palestinian Authority areas">City</a> (from 1994)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Head of Municipality</th><td class="infobox-data">Salem Ghrouf<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">58,701 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> (58.701 km<sup>2</sup> or 22.665 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">−258 m (−846 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2017)<sup id="cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrelimCensus2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">20,907</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">360/km<sup>2</sup> (920/sq mi)</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Palestine_(region)" title="Category:History of Palestine (region)">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Palestine" title="History of Palestine">History of <span class="fn org label">Palestine</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding-bottom: 0.4em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;font-size:50%;line-height:0.5em;border-bottom:none;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem-2013(2)-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_(SE_exposure).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/150px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/225px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg/300px-Jerusalem-2013%282%29-Temple_Mount-Dome_of_the_Rock_%28SE_exposure%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7500" data-file-height="5425" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Prehistory_of_the_Levant" title="Prehistory of the Levant">Prehistory</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic">Pre-Pottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahunian" title="Tahunian">Tahunian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghassulian" title="Ghassulian">Ghassulian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jericho</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Ancient history</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">Egyptian Empire</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel and Judah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a>)</div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistia" title="Philistia">Philistia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Classical period</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Palestine" title="Hellenistic Palestine">Hellenistic Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean kingdom">Hasmonean kingdom</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Palestine" title="Roman Palestine">Roman Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Herodian_kingdom" title="Herodian kingdom">Herodian kingdom</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaea_(Roman_province)" title="Judaea (Roman province)">Province of Judaea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_East" title="Diocese of the East">Diocese of the East</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palaestina Prima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Secunda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Salutaris" title="Palaestina Salutaris">Salutaris</a>))</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_history_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim history in Palestine">Islamic rule</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"> <a href="/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate" title="Rashidun Caliphate">Rashidun</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jund_Filastin" title="Jund Filastin">Jund Filastin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jund_al-Urdunn" title="Jund al-Urdunn">Jund al-Urdunn</a>) </div></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate" title="Abbasid Caliphate">Abbasid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate" title="Fatimid Caliphate">Fatimid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Crusader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty" title="Ayyubid dynasty">Ayyubid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mamluk_Sultanate" title="Mamluk Sultanate">Mamluk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ottoman Palestine">Ottoman</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender;color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Modern era</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakba" title="Nakba">Nakba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate" title="All-Palestine Protectorate">All-Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">Jordanian West Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip_by_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt">Egyptian Gaza Strip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel#State_of_Israel_(1948–present)" title="History of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">State of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Military_Governorate" title="Israeli Military Governorate">Military Governorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Civil_Administration" title="Israeli Civil Administration">Israeli Civil Administration</a></li> <li><div style="display:inline-block; padding:0.2em 0.4em; line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Palestinian enclaves</a>; <br /><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>; <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip#History" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>)</div></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Palestine" title="Template:History of Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Palestine" title="Template talk:History of Palestine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Palestine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Palestine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jericho</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ɛr/: 'err' in 'merry'">ɛr</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">JERR</span>-ik-oh</i></a>; <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أريحا</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic" title="Romanization of Arabic">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Arabic-language romanization"><i lang="ar-Latn">Arīḥā</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ar-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic" title="Help:IPA/Arabic">[ʔaˈriːħaː]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f4\/ArJericho.ogg\/ArJericho.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ArJericho.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f4/ArJericho.ogg/ArJericho.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:ArJericho.ogg" title="File:ArJericho.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a>: <span lang="he" dir="rtl">יְרִיחוֹ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew" title="Romanization of Hebrew">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Yərīḥō</i></span>) is a city in the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>; it is the administrative seat of the <a href="/wiki/Jericho_Governorate" title="Jericho Governorate">Jericho Governorate</a> of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jericho is located in the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Jordan Valley</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a> to the east and <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> to the west. In 2017, it had a population of 20,907.<sup id="cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PrelimCensus2017-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From the end of the era of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>, the city was <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">annexed and ruled by Jordan</a> from 1949 to 1967 and, with the rest of the West Bank, has been subject to <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation</a> since 1967; administrative control was handed over to the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Authority" title="Palestinian Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> in 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-jpost_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jericho is among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_continuously_inhabited_cities" title="List of oldest continuously inhabited cities">oldest cities in the world</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-gates2003_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gates2003-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Murphyp288_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphyp288-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Freedmanp689_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedmanp689-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is also the city with the oldest known <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">defensive wall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Strutin_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Strutin-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">Archaeologists</a> have unearthed the remains of more than 20 successive settlements in Jericho, the first of which dates back 11,000 years (to 9000 BCE),<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> almost to the very beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> epoch of the Earth's history.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copious springs in and around the city have attracted human habitation for thousands of years.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromileyp715_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromileyp715-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jericho is described in the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> as the "city of palm trees".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2023, the archaeological site in the center of the city, known as <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Tell es-Sultan / Old Jericho</a>, was inscribed in <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>'s list as a <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> in the State of Palestine, and described as the "oldest fortified city in the world".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>Jericho's name in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern Hebrew</a>, <span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn">Yeriẖo</i></span>, is generally thought to derive from the <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Canaanite language">Canaanite</a> word <i>rēḥ</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fragrant</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span>, but other theories hold that it originates in the Canaanite word <i>Yaraḥ</i> <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">moon</a></span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> or the name of the lunar deity <a href="/wiki/Yarikh" title="Yarikh">Yarikh</a>, for whom the city was an early centre of worship.<sup id="cite_ref-Schreiberp141_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schreiberp141-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jericho's Arabic name, <span title="DIN 31635 Arabic (Arabic language) transliteration"><i lang="ar-Latn">Arīḥā</i></span>, means <span class="gloss-quot">'</span><span class="gloss-text">fragrant</span><span class="gloss-quot">'</span> and also has its roots in Canaanite <i>Reaẖ</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bromileyp1136_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromileyp1136-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_archaeology">History and archaeology</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Levantine_archaeology" title="Levantine archaeology">Levantine archaeology</a></div> <p>The first excavations of the site were made by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Warren" title="Charles Warren">Charles Warren</a> in 1868. <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Sellin" title="Ernst Sellin">Ernst Sellin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Watzinger" title="Carl Watzinger">Carl Watzinger</a> excavated Tell es-Sultan and Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq between 1907 and 1909, and in 1911, and <a href="/wiki/John_Garstang" title="John Garstang">John Garstang</a> excavated between 1930 and 1936. Extensive investigations using more modern techniques were made by <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kenyon" title="Kathleen Kenyon">Kathleen Kenyon</a> between 1952 and 1958. <a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Nigro" title="Lorenzo Nigro">Lorenzo Nigro</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicol%C3%B2_Marchetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolò Marchetti (page does not exist)">Nicolò Marchetti</a> conducted excavations in 1997–2000. Since 2009 the Italian-Palestinian archaeological project of excavation and restoration was resumed by Rome "<a href="/wiki/La_Sapienza" class="mw-redirect" title="La Sapienza">La Sapienza</a>" University and Palestinian MOTA-DACH under the direction of Lorenzo Nigro and Hamdan Taha, and Jehad Yasine since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-sapienza_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sapienza-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Italian-Palestinian Expedition carried out 13 seasons in 20 years (1997–2017), with some major discoveries, like Tower A1 in the Middle Bronze Age southern Lower Town and Palace G on the eastern flanks of the Spring Hill overlooking the Spring of 'Ain es-Sultan dating from Early Bronze III. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stone_Age:_Tell_es-Sultan_and_spring">Stone Age: Tell es-Sultan and spring</h3></div> <p>The earliest excavated settlement was located at the present-day <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Tell es-Sultan</a> (or Sultan's Hill), a couple of kilometers from the current city. In both <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> and Hebrew, <i><a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">tell</a></i> means "mound" – consecutive layers of habitation built up a mound over time, as is common for ancient settlements in the Middle East and <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>. Jericho is the <a href="/wiki/Type_site" title="Type site">type site</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic A">Pre-Pottery Neolithic A</a> (PPNA) and <a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic B">Pre-Pottery Neolithic B</a> (PPNB) periods. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Natufian_hunter-gatherers,_c._10,000_BCE"><span id="Natufian_hunter-gatherers.2C_c._10.2C000_BCE"></span>Natufian hunter-gatherers, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 10,000 BCE</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calibrated_Carbon_14_dates_for_Jericho_as_of_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Calibrated_Carbon_14_dates_for_Jericho_as_of_2013.jpg/220px-Calibrated_Carbon_14_dates_for_Jericho_as_of_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Calibrated_Carbon_14_dates_for_Jericho_as_of_2013.jpg/330px-Calibrated_Carbon_14_dates_for_Jericho_as_of_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Calibrated_Carbon_14_dates_for_Jericho_as_of_2013.jpg/440px-Calibrated_Carbon_14_dates_for_Jericho_as_of_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="203" /></a><figcaption>Calibrated carbon 14 dates for Jericho as of 2013<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reconstruction_of_the_Natufian-Jericho_skull.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reconstruction_of_the_Natufian-Jericho_skull.jpg/220px-Reconstruction_of_the_Natufian-Jericho_skull.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reconstruction_of_the_Natufian-Jericho_skull.jpg/330px-Reconstruction_of_the_Natufian-Jericho_skull.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Reconstruction_of_the_Natufian-Jericho_skull.jpg/440px-Reconstruction_of_the_Natufian-Jericho_skull.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption>Reconstruction of the Natufian-Jericho skull<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Epipaleolithic" class="mw-redirect" title="Epipaleolithic">Epipaleolithic</a> construction at the site appears to predate the invention of <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, with the construction of <a href="/wiki/Natufian_culture" title="Natufian culture">Natufian culture</a> structures beginning earlier than 9000 BCE, the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Holocene" title="Holocene">Holocene</a> epoch in geologic history.<sup id="cite_ref-Freedmanp689_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedmanp689-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jericho has evidence of settlement dating back to 10,000 BCE. During the <a href="/wiki/Younger_Dryas" title="Younger Dryas">Younger Dryas</a> period of cold and drought, permanent habitation of any one location was impossible. However, the <a href="/wiki/Ein_as-Sultan_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Ein as-Sultan camp">Ein es-Sultan</a> spring at what would become Jericho was a popular camping ground for <a href="/wiki/Natufian" class="mw-redirect" title="Natufian">Natufian</a> hunter-gatherer groups, who left a scattering of crescent-shaped microlith tools behind them.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 9600 BCE, the droughts and cold of the Younger Dryas <a href="/wiki/Stadial" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadial">stadial</a> had come to an end, making it possible for Natufian groups to extend the duration of their stay, eventually leading to year-round habitation and permanent settlement.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pre-Pottery_Neolithic,_c._9500–6500_BCE"><span id="Pre-Pottery_Neolithic.2C_c._9500.E2.80.936500_BCE"></span>Pre-Pottery Neolithic, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 9500–6500 BCE</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Tell es-Sultan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Jericho" title="Tower of Jericho">Tower of Jericho</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerycho8.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jerycho8.jpg/220px-Jerycho8.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jerycho8.jpg/330px-Jerycho8.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Jerycho8.jpg/440px-Jerycho8.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Dwelling foundations unearthed at <a href="/wiki/Tell_es-Sultan" title="Tell es-Sultan">Tell es-Sultan</a> in Jericho</figcaption></figure> <p>The Pre-Pottery Neolithic at Jericho is divided in Pre-Pottery Neolithic A and Pre-Pottery Neolithic B. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A_(PPNA)"><span id="Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A_.28PPNA.29"></span>Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)</h5></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jericho" title="Special:EditPage/Jericho">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The first permanent settlement on the site of Jericho developed near the Ein es-Sultan spring between 9,500 and 9000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the world warmed up, a new culture based on agriculture and sedentary dwelling emerged, which archaeologists have termed "<a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_A" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic A">Pre-Pottery Neolithic A</a>" (abbreviated as PPNA). Its cultures lacked pottery, but featured the following:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>small circular dwellings</li> <li>burial of the dead under the floor of buildings</li> <li>reliance on hunting of wild game</li> <li>cultivation of wild or domestic cereals</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_Statue.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Jericho_Statue.png/220px-Jericho_Statue.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/29/Jericho_Statue.png 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>Head of an ancestor statue, Jericho, from c. 9000 years ago, among the oldest representations of a human face ever found. <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Archeological_Museum" title="Rockefeller Archeological Museum">Rockefeller Archeological Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>At Jericho, circular dwellings were built of <a href="/wiki/Adobe" title="Adobe">clay and straw</a> bricks left to dry in the sun, which were plastered together with a mud mortar. Each house measured about 5 metres (16 ft) across, and was roofed with mud-smeared brush. Hearths were located within and outside the homes.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ziko.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ziko.jpg/170px-Ziko.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ziko.jpg/255px-Ziko.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Ziko.jpg/340px-Ziko.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2373" data-file-height="3182" /></a><figcaption>The 8000 BCE <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Jericho" title="Tower of Jericho">Tower of Jericho</a> at Tell es-Sultan</figcaption></figure> <p>The Pre-Sultan (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 8350</span> – 7370 BCE)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (February 2016)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jericho#Contradicts_dates_given_in_this_paragraph:_"between_9,400_and_9000",_"about_9400_BCE",_but_fits_somewhat_with_time_when_the_tower_was_used_according_to_Barkai_&_Liran:_"The_tower_was_constructed_and_used_between_≈8300_BCE_and_≈7800_BCE_(Burleigh_1981,_1983)."_It_also_fits_with_starting_date_of_PPNB_indicated_in_the_next_paragraph." title="Talk:Jericho">discuss</a></i>]</sup> is sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Neolithic#Fertile_Crescent" title="Neolithic">Sultanian</a>. The site is a 40,000 square metres (430,000 sq ft) settlement surrounded by a massive stone wall over 3.6 metres (12 ft) high and 1.8 metres (5 ft 11 in) wide at the base, inside of which stood a stone tower, over 8.5 metres (28 ft) high, containing an internal staircase with 22 stone steps<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and placed in the centre of the west side of the tell.<sup id="cite_ref-BarkaiLiran_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarkaiLiran-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This tower and the even older ones excavated at <a href="/wiki/Tell_Qaramel" title="Tell Qaramel">Tell Qaramel</a> in Syria<sup id="cite_ref-PaP2007_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PaP2007-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PCMA_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCMA-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are the oldest towers ever to be discovered. The wall of Jericho may have served as a defence against flood-water, with the tower used for ceremonial purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-PMMA57_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMMA57-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wall and tower were built during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) period around 8000 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-BarkaiJP_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarkaiJP-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kenyon1981_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon1981-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the tower, carbon dates published in 1981 and 1983 indicate that it was built around 8300 BCE and stayed in use until <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 7800 BCE</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-BarkaiLiran_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BarkaiLiran-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The wall and tower would have taken a hundred men more than a hundred days to construct, thus suggesting some kind of social organization.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The town contained round mud-brick houses, yet no street planning.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The identity and number of the inhabitants of Jericho during the PPNA period is still under debate, with estimates going as high as 2,000–3,000, and as low as 200–300.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PMMA57_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMMA57-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is known that this population had domesticated <a href="/wiki/Emmer_wheat" class="mw-redirect" title="Emmer wheat">emmer wheat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pulse_(legume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulse (legume)">pulses</a> and hunted wild animals.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B_(PPNB)"><span id="Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B_.28PPNB.29"></span>Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)</h5></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jericho" title="Special:EditPage/Jericho">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB) was a period of about 1.4 millennia, from 7220 to 5850 BCE<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Leaves two substantial gaps, one -, one +: if PPNB covers 9,500-9000, and PPN altogether ends around 6500, that leaves 1780 years belonging nowhere (9000-7220), and extends PPN from the stated 6500 by 650 years to 5850 BC. Must be addressed. (October 2021)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> (though <a href="/wiki/Carbon-14" title="Carbon-14">carbon-14</a>-dates are few and early). The following are PPNB cultural features:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <ul><li>Expanded range of domesticated plants</li> <li>Possible <a href="/wiki/Domestic_sheep" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic sheep">domestication of sheep</a></li> <li>Apparent <a href="/wiki/Cult_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cult (religion)">cult</a> involving the preservation of human skulls, with facial features reconstructed using <a href="/wiki/Plaster" title="Plaster">plaster</a>, and eyes set with shells in some cases</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fertile_crescent_Neolithic_B_circa_7500_BC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fertile_crescent_Neolithic_B_circa_7500_BC.jpg/300px-Fertile_crescent_Neolithic_B_circa_7500_BC.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fertile_crescent_Neolithic_B_circa_7500_BC.jpg/450px-Fertile_crescent_Neolithic_B_circa_7500_BC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Fertile_crescent_Neolithic_B_circa_7500_BC.jpg/600px-Fertile_crescent_Neolithic_B_circa_7500_BC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption>Area of the <a href="/wiki/Fertile_Crescent" title="Fertile Crescent">Fertile Crescent</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 7500 BC</span>, with main sites. Jericho was a foremost site of the <a href="/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic" title="Pre-Pottery Neolithic">Pre-Pottery Neolithic</a> period. The area of <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a> proper was not yet settled by humans.</figcaption></figure> <p>After a few centuries, the first settlement was abandoned. After the PPNA settlement phase, there was a settlement hiatus of several centuries, then the PPNB settlement was founded on the eroded surface of the <a href="/wiki/Tell_(archaeology)" title="Tell (archaeology)">tell</a>. This second settlement, established in 6800 BCE, perhaps represents the work of an invading people who absorbed the original inhabitants into their dominant culture. Artifacts dating from this period include ten <a href="/wiki/Plastered_human_skulls" title="Plastered human skulls">plastered human skulls</a>, painted so as to reconstitute the individuals' features.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These represent either <a href="/wiki/Teraphim" title="Teraphim">teraphim</a> or the first example of <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portraiture</a> in <a href="/wiki/Art_history" title="Art history">art history</a>,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="see Tell Awad and discussion on Jericho's talk page (August 2013)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jericho#Dubious" title="Talk:Jericho">discuss</a></i>]</sup> and it is thought that they were kept in people's homes while the bodies were buried.<sup id="cite_ref-Freedmanp689_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freedmanp689-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Janson_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Janson-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The architecture consisted of rectilinear buildings made of mudbricks on stone foundations. The mudbricks were loaf-shaped with deep thumb prints to facilitate bonding. No building has been excavated in its entirety. Normally, several rooms cluster around a central courtyard. There is one big room (6.5 m × 4 m (21.3 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">ft</a> × 13.1 ft)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="conversion via template displays unwarranted (false) precision (February 2018)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jericho#Dubious" title="Talk:Jericho">discuss</a></i>]</sup> and 7 m × 3 m (23.0 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">ft</a> × 9.8 ft))<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="conversion via template displays unwarranted (false) precision (February 2018)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jericho#Dubious" title="Talk:Jericho">discuss</a></i>]</sup> with internal divisions; the rest are small, presumably used for storage. The rooms have red or pinkish <a href="/wiki/Terrazzo" title="Terrazzo">terrazzo</a>-floors made of lime. Some impressions of mats made of reeds or rushes have been preserved. The courtyards have clay floors.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Kathleen Kenyon interpreted one building as a <a href="/wiki/Shrine" title="Shrine">shrine</a>. It contained a niche in the wall. A chipped pillar of volcanic stone that was found nearby might have fitted into this niche.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The dead were buried under the floors or in the rubble fill of abandoned buildings. There are several collective burials. Not all the skeletons are completely articulated, which may point to a time of exposure before burial. A <a href="/wiki/Human_skull" class="mw-redirect" title="Human skull">skull</a> cache contained seven skulls. The jaws were removed and the faces covered with plaster; <a href="/wiki/Cowry" class="mw-redirect" title="Cowry">cowries</a> were used as eyes. A total of ten skulls were found. Modelled skulls were found in <a href="/wiki/Tell_Ramad" title="Tell Ramad">Tell Ramad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beisamoun" class="mw-redirect" title="Beisamoun">Beisamoun</a> as well.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Other finds included flints, such as arrowheads (tanged or side-notched), finely denticulated sickle-blades, <a href="/wiki/Burin_(lithic_flake)" title="Burin (lithic flake)">burins</a>, scrapers, a few <a href="/wiki/Tranchet_axe" title="Tranchet axe">tranchet axes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">obsidian</a>, and green obsidian from an unknown source. There were also <a href="/wiki/Quern-stone" title="Quern-stone">querns</a>, hammerstones, and a few ground-stone axes made of greenstone. Other items discovered included dishes and bowls carved from soft limestone, spindle whorls made of stone and possible loom weights, spatulae and drills, stylised anthropomorphic plaster figures, almost life-size, <a href="/wiki/Anthropomorphism" title="Anthropomorphism">anthropomorphic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Theriomorphism" class="mw-redirect" title="Theriomorphism">theriomorphic</a> clay figurines, as well as shell and malachite beads.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the late 4th millennium BCE, Jericho was occupied during Neolithic 2<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Accuracy_dispute#Disputed_statement" title="Wikipedia:Accuracy dispute"><span title="The material near this tag is possibly inaccurate or nonfactual. (February 2016)">dubious</span></a> – <a href="/wiki/Talk:Jericho#Neol._2_seems_to_be_equivalent_with_PPNB,_which_ends_long_before_M4_BCE._Unless_pottery_appeared_at_Jericho_later_than_M4,_this_is_a_mistake_AND_THIS_BELONGS_EITHER_UNDER_CHALCOLITHIC_OR_BRONZE_AGE." title="Talk:Jericho">discuss</a></i>]</sup> and the general character of the remains on the site link it culturally with Neolithic 2 (or PPNB) sites in the West Syrian and Middle Euphrates groups. This link is established by the presence of rectilinear mud-brick buildings and plaster floors that are characteristic of the age.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chalcolithic">Chalcolithic</h3></div> <p>A succession of settlements followed from 4500 BCE onward.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Bronze_Age">Early Bronze Age</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_terracotta_Ancient_Bronze_period_3500-2000_BC_Tell_es-Sultan,_ancient_Jericho,_Tomb_A_IV,_Louvre_Museum_AO_15611.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Red_terracotta_Ancient_Bronze_period_3500-2000_BC_Tell_es-Sultan%2C_ancient_Jericho%2C_Tomb_A_IV%2C_Louvre_Museum_AO_15611.jpg/170px-Red_terracotta_Ancient_Bronze_period_3500-2000_BC_Tell_es-Sultan%2C_ancient_Jericho%2C_Tomb_A_IV%2C_Louvre_Museum_AO_15611.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="239" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Red_terracotta_Ancient_Bronze_period_3500-2000_BC_Tell_es-Sultan%2C_ancient_Jericho%2C_Tomb_A_IV%2C_Louvre_Museum_AO_15611.jpg/255px-Red_terracotta_Ancient_Bronze_period_3500-2000_BC_Tell_es-Sultan%2C_ancient_Jericho%2C_Tomb_A_IV%2C_Louvre_Museum_AO_15611.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Red_terracotta_Ancient_Bronze_period_3500-2000_BC_Tell_es-Sultan%2C_ancient_Jericho%2C_Tomb_A_IV%2C_Louvre_Museum_AO_15611.jpg/340px-Red_terracotta_Ancient_Bronze_period_3500-2000_BC_Tell_es-Sultan%2C_ancient_Jericho%2C_Tomb_A_IV%2C_Louvre_Museum_AO_15611.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1771" data-file-height="2492" /></a><figcaption>Red terracotta jar, Ancient Bronze period 3500–2000 BCE, Tell es-Sultan, ancient Jericho, Tomb A IV. <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a> AO 15611.</figcaption></figure> <p>In Early Bronze I, the strategraphic layers are Sultan IIIA1 (EB IA, c. 3500-3200 BCE) and Sultan IIIA2 (EB IB, c. 3200-3000 BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Early Bronze II, the strategraphic layers are Sultan IIIB1 (EB IIA, c. 3000-2850 BCE) and Sultan IIIB2 (EB IIB, c. 2850-2700 BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Early Bronze IIIA (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2700</span> – 2500/2450 BCE; Sultan IIIC1), the settlement reached its largest extent around 2600 BCE.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During Early Bronze IIIB (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 2500</span>/2450–2350 BCE; Sultan IIIC2) there was a Palace G on Spring Hill and city walls.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In Early Bronze IV, the strategraphic layers are Sultan IIID1 (EB IVA; 2300-2200 BCE) and Sultan IIID2 (EB IVB; 2200-2000 BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Bronze_Age">Middle Bronze Age</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the Biblical battle, see <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jericho" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jericho">Battle of Jericho</a>.</div> <p>Jericho was continually occupied into the Middle <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age#Near_East" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>; it was destroyed in the Late Bronze Age, after which it no longer served as an urban centre. The city was surrounded by extensive defensive walls strengthened with rectangular towers, and possessed an extensive cemetery with vertical shaft-tombs and underground burial chambers; the elaborate funeral offerings in some of these may reflect the emergence of local kings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuijt2012167_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuijt2012167-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the Middle Bronze Age, Jericho was a small prominent city of the <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> region, reaching its greatest Bronze Age extent in the period from 1700 to 1550 BCE. It seems to have reflected the greater urbanization in the area at that time, and has been linked to the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Maryannu" title="Maryannu">Maryannu</a>, a class of chariot-using aristocrats linked to the rise of the <a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitannite</a> state to the north. Kathleen Kenyon reported "the Middle Bronze Age is perhaps the most prosperous in the whole history of Kna'an. ... The defenses ... belong to a fairly advanced date in that period" and there was "a massive stone <a href="/wiki/Revetment" title="Revetment">revetment</a> ... part of a complex system" of defenses.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bronze Age Jericho fell in the 16th century at the end of the Middle Bronze Age, the calibrated carbon remains from its City-IV <a href="/wiki/Destruction_layer" title="Destruction layer">destruction layer</a> dating to 1617–1530 BCE. Carbon dating <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1573 BCE confirmed the accuracy of the stratigraphical dating <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1550.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Late_Bronze_Age">Late Bronze Age</h3></div> <p>There was evidence of a small settlement in the Late Bronze Age (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1400s BCE) on the site, but erosion and destruction from previous excavations have erased significant parts of this layer.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Hebrew Bible narrative</dt></dl> <p>The Hebrew Bible tells the story of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jericho" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jericho">Battle of Jericho</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a>, leading to the fall of the <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanite</a> city, the first one captured by the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Promised_Land" title="Promised Land">Promised Land</a>. Archaeological excavations have failed to find traces of a fortified city at the site during the relevant time, the 13th century BCE at the end of the Bronze Age.<sup id="cite_ref-Miller1986_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Miller1986-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, the current consensus among scholars is that Jericho was unoccupied from the late 15th century until the 10th/9th centuries BCE,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this has been questioned by recent excavations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigro2020202–204_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENigro2020202–204-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Iron_Age">Iron Age</h3></div> <p>Tell es-Sultan remained unoccupied from the end of the 15th to the 10th–9th centuries BCE, when the city was rebuilt.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hubbard_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hubbard-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of this new city not much more remains than a <a href="/wiki/Four-room_house" title="Four-room house">four-room house</a> on the eastern slope.<sup id="cite_ref-Negev_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Negev-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 7th century, Jericho had become an extensive town, but this settlement was destroyed in the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(587_BC)#Surrounding_areas" title="Siege of Jerusalem (587 BC)">Babylonian conquest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Judah%27s_revolts_against_Babylon" title="Judah's revolts against Babylon">late 6th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Persian_and_Early_Hellenistic_periods">Persian and Early Hellenistic periods</h3></div> <p>After the destruction of the Judahite city by the Babylonians in the late 6th century,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whatever was rebuilt in the Persian period as part of the <a href="/wiki/Return_to_Zion#Return_to_Zion" title="Return to Zion">Restoration</a> after the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a>, left only very few remains.<sup id="cite_ref-Negev_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Negev-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tell was abandoned as a place of settlement not long after this period.<sup id="cite_ref-Negev_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Negev-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the Persian through Hellenistic periods, there is little in terms of occupation attested throughout the region.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jericho went from being an administrative centre of <a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Yehud Medinata</a> ("the Province of Judah") under <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Phoenicia" class="mw-redirect" title="Achaemenid Phoenicia">Persian rule</a> to serving as the private estate of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a> between 336 and 323 BCE after his conquest of the region.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In the middle of the 2nd century BCE Jericho was under <a href="/wiki/Hellenistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Hellenistic">Hellenistic</a> rule of the <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>, when the <a href="/wiki/Syrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian">Syrian</a> General <a href="/wiki/Bacchides_(general)" title="Bacchides (general)">Bacchides</a> built a number of forts to strengthen the defences of the area around Jericho against the revolt by the <a href="/wiki/Macabees" class="mw-redirect" title="Macabees">Macabees</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of these forts, built at the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qelt" title="Wadi Qelt">Wadi Qelt</a>, was later refortified by <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a>, who named it <i>Kypros</i> after his mother.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphyp289-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hasmonean_and_Herodian_periods">Hasmonean and Herodian periods</h3></div> <p>After the abandonment of the Tell es-Sultan location, the new Jericho of the Late Hellenistic or <a href="/wiki/Hasmoneans" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmoneans">Hasmonean</a> and Early Roman or Herodian periods was established as a garden city in the vicinity of the royal estate at <a href="/wiki/Tulul_Abu_el-%27Alayiq" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq">Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq</a> and expanded greatly thanks to the intensive exploitation of the springs of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Negev_53-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Negev-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new site consists of a group of low mounds on both banks of <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qelt" title="Wadi Qelt">Wadi Qelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hasmoneans were a dynasty descending from a priestly group (<a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">kohanim</a>) from the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">tribe of Levi</a>, who ruled over Judea following the success of the <a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean Revolt</a> until Roman influence over the region brought Herod to claim the Hasmonean throne.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rock-cut tombs of a Herodian- and Hasmonean-era cemetery lie in the lowest part of the cliffs between Nuseib al-Aweishireh and <a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Temptation" title="Mount of Temptation">Mount of Temptation</a>. They date between 100 BCE and 68 CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphyp289-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Herodian_period">Herodian period</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerycho50.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jerycho50.jpg/220px-Jerycho50.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jerycho50.jpg/330px-Jerycho50.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Jerycho50.jpg/440px-Jerycho50.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Remains from <a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod</a>'s palace</figcaption></figure> <p>Herod had to lease back the royal estate at Jericho from <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra</a>, after <a href="/wiki/Mark_Antony" title="Mark Antony">Mark Antony</a> had given it to her as a gift. After their joint suicide in 30 BCE, <a href="/wiki/Octavian" class="mw-redirect" title="Octavian">Octavian</a> assumed control of the Roman Empire and granted Herod absolute rule over Jericho, as part of the new <a href="/wiki/Herodian_dynasty" title="Herodian dynasty"> Herodian</a> domain. Herod's rule oversaw the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Hippodrome" title="Hippodrome">hippodrome</a>-theatre (<i>Tell es-Samrat</i>) to entertain his guests and new <a href="/wiki/Aqueduct_(water_supply)" title="Aqueduct (water supply)"> aqueducts</a> to irrigate the area below the cliffs and reach his winter palaces built at the site of <i>Tulul Abu el-Alaiq</i> (also written <i>ʾAlayiq</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphyp289-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Exploration_Society" title="Israel Exploration Society">Israel Exploration Society</a> published an illustrated volume of Herod's third Jericho palace.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The murder of <a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristobulus III">Aristobulus III</a> in a swimming pool at the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_royal_winter_palaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean royal winter palaces">Hasmonean royal winter palaces</a>, as described by the Roman Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a>, took place during a banquet organized by Herod's Hasmonean mother-in-law. After the construction of the palaces, the city had functioned not only as an agricultural center and as a crossroad, but also as a winter resort for <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>'s aristocracy.<sup id="cite_ref-STF_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STF-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Herod was succeeded in <a href="/wiki/Herodian_Tetrarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Herodian Tetrarchy">Judea</a> by his son, <a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Herod Archelaus</a>, who built a village in his name not far to the north, <a href="/wiki/Archela%C3%AFs" class="mw-redirect" title="Archelaïs">Archelaïs</a> (modern Khirbet al-Beiyudat), to house workers for his date plantation.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>First-century Jericho is described in <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>'s <i>Geography</i> as follows: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Jericho is a plain surrounded by a kind of mountainous country, which in a way, slopes toward it like a theatre. Here is the <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(plant)" title="Phoenix (plant)">Phoenicon</a>, which is mixed also with all kinds of cultivated and fruitful trees, though it consists mostly of palm trees. It is 100 <a href="/wiki/Stadion_(unit)" title="Stadion (unit)">stadia</a> in length and is everywhere watered with streams. Here also are the Palace and the Balsam Park.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphyp289-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="In_the_New_Testament">In the New Testament</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Greco_-_Christ_Healing_the_Blind_-_WGA10420.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/El_Greco_-_Christ_Healing_the_Blind_-_WGA10420.jpg/220px-El_Greco_-_Christ_Healing_the_Blind_-_WGA10420.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/El_Greco_-_Christ_Healing_the_Blind_-_WGA10420.jpg/330px-El_Greco_-_Christ_Healing_the_Blind_-_WGA10420.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/El_Greco_-_Christ_Healing_the_Blind_-_WGA10420.jpg/440px-El_Greco_-_Christ_Healing_the_Blind_-_WGA10420.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="588" /></a><figcaption><i>Christ Healing the Blind in Jericho</i>, El Greco</figcaption></figure> <p>The Christian <a href="/wiki/Gospels" class="mw-redirect" title="Gospels">Gospels</a> state that <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> of Nazareth passed through Jericho where he healed blind beggars (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2020:29&version=nrsv">Matthew 20:29</a>), and inspired a local chief <a href="/wiki/Tax_collector" title="Tax collector">tax collector</a> named <a href="/wiki/Zacchaeus" title="Zacchaeus">Zacchaeus</a> to <a href="/wiki/Repent" class="mw-redirect" title="Repent">repent</a> of his dishonest practices (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2019:1–10&version=nrsv">Luke 19:1–10</a>). The road between Jerusalem and Jericho is the setting for the <a href="/wiki/Parable_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Parable of the Good Samaritan">Parable of the Good Samaritan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>, in his New Testament Notes on this section of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke's Gospel</a>, claimed that "about twelve thousand <a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">priests</a> and <a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a> dwelt there, who all attended the service of the <a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">temple</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_(lexicographer)" title="William Smith (lexicographer)">Smith</a>'s <i>Bible Names Dictionary</i> suggests that "Jericho was once more 'a city of palms' when our Lord visited it. Here he restored sight to the blind (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Matthew%2020:30&version=nrsv">Matthew 20:30</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Mark%2010:46&version=nrsv">Mark 10:46</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=Luke%2018:35&version=nrsv">Luke 18:35</a>). Here the descendant of <a href="/wiki/Rahab" title="Rahab">Rahab</a> did not disdain the hospitality of Zacchaeus the <a href="/wiki/Publican" title="Publican">publican</a>. Finally, between Jerusalem and Jericho was laid the scene of his story of the good Samaritan."<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Roman_province">Roman province</h3></div> <p>After the fall of Jerusalem to Vespasian's armies in the Great Revolt of Judea in 70 CE, Jericho declined rapidly, and by 100 CE it was but a small Roman garrison town.<sup id="cite_ref-Loschp117_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loschp117-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A fort was built there in 130 and played a role in putting down the <a href="/wiki/Bar_Kochba_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Bar Kochba revolt">Bar Kochba revolt</a> in 133.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Byzantine_period">Byzantine period</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_synagogues_in_the_Palestine_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient synagogues in the Palestine region">Ancient synagogues in the Palestine region</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_15003_Jericho_synagogue_mosaic.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PikiWiki_Israel_15003_Jericho_synagogue_mosaic.JPG/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_15003_Jericho_synagogue_mosaic.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PikiWiki_Israel_15003_Jericho_synagogue_mosaic.JPG/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_15003_Jericho_synagogue_mosaic.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/PikiWiki_Israel_15003_Jericho_synagogue_mosaic.JPG/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_15003_Jericho_synagogue_mosaic.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Copy of Mosaic of the Shalom Al Yisrael Synagogue, 6th–7th century CE</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Itinerarium_Burdigalense" title="Itinerarium Burdigalense">Accounts</a> of Jericho by a Christian <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim">pilgrim</a> are given in 333. Shortly thereafter the built-up area of the town was abandoned and a <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine</a> Jericho, <i>Ericha</i>, was built 1600 metres (1 mi) to the east, on which the modern town is centered.<sup id="cite_ref-Loschp117_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Loschp117-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> took hold in the city during the Byzantine era and the area was heavily populated. A number of monasteries and churches were built, including the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saint_George_of_Choziba" title="Monastery of Saint George of Choziba">Monastery of Saint George of Choziba</a> in 340 CE and a domed church dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Saint Eliseus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-STF_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STF-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At least two <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogues</a> were also built in the 6th century CE.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphyp289-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monasteries were abandoned after the <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_conquest_of_Jerusalem" title="Sasanian conquest of Jerusalem">Sasanian invasion of 614</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Jericho_synagogue" title="Jericho synagogue">Jericho synagogue</a> in the Royal Maccabean winter palace at Jericho dates from 70 to 50 BCE. A synagogue dating to the late 6th or early 7th century CE was discovered in Jericho in 1936, and was named Shalom Al Yisrael Synagogue, or "peace unto Israel", after the central <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> motto in its mosaic floor. It was controlled by Israel after the Six Day War, but after the handover to Palestinian Authority control per the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>, it has been a source of conflict. On the night of 12 October 2000, the synagogue was vandalized by Palestinians who burned holy books and relics and damaged the mosaic.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jewishjericho_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishjericho-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Naaran" title="Naaran">Na'aran</a> synagogue, another Byzantine era construction, was discovered on the northern outskirts of Jericho in 1918. While less is known of it than Shalom Al Yisrael, it has a larger mosaic and is in similar condition.<sup id="cite_ref-jewishjericho_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jewishjericho-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Muslim_period">Early Muslim period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arabischer_Mosaizist_um_735_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Arabischer_Mosaizist_um_735_001.jpg/220px-Arabischer_Mosaizist_um_735_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Arabischer_Mosaizist_um_735_001.jpg/330px-Arabischer_Mosaizist_um_735_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Arabischer_Mosaizist_um_735_001.jpg/440px-Arabischer_Mosaizist_um_735_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1532" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabic</a> <a href="/wiki/Umayyad" class="mw-redirect" title="Umayyad">Umayyad</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosaic" title="Mosaic">mosaic</a> from <a href="/wiki/Hisham%27s_Palace" title="Hisham's Palace">Hisham's Palace</a> in Jericho</figcaption></figure> <p>Jericho, by then named "Ariha" in Arabic variation, became part of <a href="/wiki/Jund_Filastin" title="Jund Filastin">Jund Filastin</a> ("Military District of Palestine"), part of the larger province of <a href="/wiki/Bilad_al-Sham" title="Bilad al-Sham">Bilad al-Sham</a>. The Arab Muslim historian Musa b. 'Uqba (died 758) recorded that <a href="/wiki/Caliph" class="mw-redirect" title="Caliph">caliph</a> <a href="/wiki/Umar_ibn_al-Khattab" class="mw-redirect" title="Umar ibn al-Khattab">Umar ibn al-Khattab</a> exiled the Jews and Christians of <a href="/wiki/Khaybar" title="Khaybar">Khaybar</a> to Jericho (and Tayma).<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 659, that district had come under the control of <a href="/wiki/Mu%27awiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Mu'awiya">Mu'awiya</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad dynasty</a>. That year, an earthquake destroyed Jericho.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A decade later, the pilgrim <a href="/wiki/Arculf" title="Arculf">Arculf</a> visited Jericho and found it in ruins, all its "miserable Canaanite" inhabitants now dispersed in shanty towns around the Dead Sea shore.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A palatial complex long attributed to the tenth Umayyad caliph, <a href="/wiki/Hisham_ibn_Abd_al-Malik" title="Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik">Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik</a> (r. 724–743) and thus known as <a href="/wiki/Hisham%27s_Palace" title="Hisham's Palace">Hisham's Palace</a>, is located at Khirbet al-Mafjar, about 1.5 kilometres (1 mi) north of Tell es-Sultan. This <a href="/wiki/Desert_castle" class="mw-redirect" title="Desert castle">"desert castle" or <i>qasr</i></a> was more likely built by Caliph <a href="/wiki/Al-Walid_II" title="Al-Walid II">Walid ibn Yazid</a> (r. 743–744), who was assassinated before he could complete the construction.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The remains of two mosques, a courtyard, mosaics, and other items can still be seen <i>in situ</i> today. The unfinished structure was largely destroyed in an earthquake in 747.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Umayyad rule ended in 750 and was followed by the <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> caliphates of the <a href="/wiki/Abbasid" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbasid">Abbasid</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fatimid" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatimid">Fatimid</a> dynasties. Irrigated agriculture was developed under Islamic rule, reaffirming Jericho's reputation as a fertile "City of the Palms".<sup id="cite_ref-Shahinp285_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahinp285-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Muqaddasi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Muqaddasi">Al-Maqdisi</a>, the Arab geographer, wrote in 985 that "the water of Jericho is held to be the highest and best in all <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>. <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">Bananas</a> are plentiful, also <a href="/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoenix dactylifera">dates</a> and flowers of fragrant odor".<sup id="cite_ref-Shahinp283_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shahinp283-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jericho is also referred to by him as one of the principal cities of Jund Filastin.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crusader_period">Crusader period</h3></div> <p>In 1179, the Crusaders rebuilt the Monastery of St. George of Koziba, at its original site 10 kilometres (6 mi) from the center of town. They also built another two churches and a monastery dedicated to <a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a>, and were credited by 19th-century authors with introducing <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> production to the city,<sup id="cite_ref-Hull_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hull-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although now scholars date it to the pre-Crusader, Early Arab period. The Crusaders, however, have raised sugar production to the level of a large-scale industry. The site of Tawahin es-Sukkar (lit. "sugar mills") holds remains of a Crusader sugar production facility. In 1187, the Crusaders were evicted by the <a href="/wiki/Ayyubid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayyubid">Ayyubid</a> forces of <a href="/wiki/Saladin" title="Saladin">Saladin</a> after their victory in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hattin" title="Battle of Hattin">Battle of Hattin</a>, and the town slowly went into decline.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ayyubid_and_Mamluk_periods">Ayyubid and Mamluk periods</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuremberg_chronicles_f_50r_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuremberg_chronicles_f_50r_1.png/220px-Nuremberg_chronicles_f_50r_1.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuremberg_chronicles_f_50r_1.png/330px-Nuremberg_chronicles_f_50r_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Nuremberg_chronicles_f_50r_1.png/440px-Nuremberg_chronicles_f_50r_1.png 2x" data-file-width="883" data-file-height="536" /></a><figcaption>Jericho, as depicted in the 1493 <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_Chronicle" title="Nuremberg Chronicle">Nuremberg Chronicle</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1226, Arab geographer <a href="/wiki/Yaqut_al-Hamawi" title="Yaqut al-Hamawi">Yaqut al-Hamawi</a> said of Jericho, "it has many palm trees, also sugarcane in quantities, and bananas. The best of all the sugar in the <i><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley" title="Jordan Valley">Ghaur</a></i> land is made here." In the 14th century, <a href="/wiki/Abu_al-Fida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abu al-Fida">Abu al-Fida</a> writes there are <a href="/wiki/Sulfur" title="Sulfur">sulfur</a> mines in Jericho, "the only ones in Palestine".<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ottoman_period">Ottoman period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerico1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jerico1.jpg/220px-Jerico1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jerico1.jpg/330px-Jerico1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Jerico1.jpg/440px-Jerico1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption>Postcard image depicting Jericho in the late 19th or early 20th century</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="16th_century">16th century</h4></div> <p>Jericho was incorporated into the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a> in 1517 with all of <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a>, and in 1545 a revenue of 19,000 <a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7e" title="Akçe">Akçe</a> was recorded, destined for the new <a href="/wiki/Waqf" title="Waqf">Waqf</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Haseki_Sultan_Imaret" title="Haseki Sultan Imaret">Haseki Sultan Imaret</a> of Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Singerp52_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singerp52-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The villagers processed <a href="/wiki/Indigo" title="Indigo">indigo</a> as one source of revenue, using a cauldron specifically for this purpose that was loaned to them by the Ottoman authorities in Jerusalem.<sup id="cite_ref-Singerp120_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singerp120-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later that century, the Jericho revenues no longer went to the Haseki Sultan Imaret.<sup id="cite_ref-Singerp126_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Singerp126-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1596 Jericho appeared in the <a href="/wiki/Daftar" class="mw-redirect" title="Daftar">tax registers</a> under the name of <i>Riha</i>, being in the <i><a href="/wiki/Nahiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nahiya">nahiya</a></i> of Al-Quds in the <i><a href="/wiki/Liwa_(Arabic)" title="Liwa (Arabic)">liwa</a></i> of <a href="/wiki/Al-Quds" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Quds">Al-Quds</a>. It had a population of 51 households, all <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a>. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards and fruit trees, goats and beehives, water buffaloes, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 40,000 <a href="/wiki/Ak%C3%A7e" title="Akçe">Akçe</a>. All of the revenue still went to a Waqf.<sup id="cite_ref-HA114_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HA114-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="17th_century">17th century</h4></div> <p>The French traveller <a href="/wiki/Laurent_d%27Arvieux" title="Laurent d'Arvieux">Laurent d'Arvieux</a> described the city in 1659 as "now desolate, and consists only of about fifty poor houses, in bad condition ... The plain around is extremely fertile; the soil is middling fat; but it is watered by several rivulets, which flow into the Jordan. Notwithstanding these advantages only the gardens adjacent to the town are cultivated."<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="19th_century">19th century</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Roman_aquaduct_near_Jericho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_aquaduct_near_Jericho.jpg/220px-Roman_aquaduct_near_Jericho.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_aquaduct_near_Jericho.jpg/330px-Roman_aquaduct_near_Jericho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Roman_aquaduct_near_Jericho.jpg/440px-Roman_aquaduct_near_Jericho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2409" data-file-height="1626" /></a><figcaption>Roman aqueducts</figcaption></figure> <p>In the 19th century, European scholars, archaeologists and missionaries visited often.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time it was an oasis in a poor state, similar to other regions in the plains and deserts.<sup id="cite_ref-benarieh_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benarieh-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Edward Robinson</a> (1838) reported 50 families, which were about 200 people,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Titus_Tobler" title="Titus Tobler">Titus Tobler</a> (1854) reported some 30 poor huts, whose residents paid a total of 3611 <a href="/wiki/Kuru%C5%9F" title="Kuruş">kuruş</a> in tax.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Abraham Samuel Herschberg (1858–1943) also reported after his 1899–1900 travels in the region<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of some 30 poor huts and 300 residents.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At that time, Jericho was the residence of the region's Turkish governor. The main water sources for the village were a spring called <i>Ein al-Sultan</i>, lit. "Sultan's Spring", in Arabic and <i>Ein Elisha</i>, lit. "Elisha Spring", in Hebrew, and springs in <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qelt" title="Wadi Qelt">Wadi Qelt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-benarieh_79-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-benarieh-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/James_Silk_Buckingham" title="James Silk Buckingham">J. S. Buckingham</a> (1786–1855) describes in his 1822 book how the male villagers of er-Riha, although nominally sedentary, engaged in <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouin</a>-style <a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)#Bedouin_''ghazzu''" title="Raid (military)">raiding, or <i>ghazzu</i></a>: the little land cultivation he observed was done by women and children, while men spent most of their time riding through the plains and engaging in "robbery and plunder", their main and most profitable activity.<sup id="cite_ref-Tribal_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tribal-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> village list from around 1870 showed that <i>Riha</i>, Jericho, had 36 houses and a population of 105, though the population count included men only.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Excavation_(archaeology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Excavation (archaeology)">excavation</a> at Tell es-Sultan was carried out in 1867.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="20th_century">20th century</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95-JNF022256.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95-JNF022256.jpeg/220px-%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95-JNF022256.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95-JNF022256.jpeg/330px-%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95-JNF022256.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95-JNF022256.jpeg/440px-%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%94%D7%9C_%D7%9C%D7%A6%D7%93_%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9F_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%9F_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95-JNF022256.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="576" /></a><figcaption>Jericho, the Jordan Hotel, 1912</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_views_of_Palestine._Air_route_following_the_old_Jerusalem-Jericho_Road._Modern_Jericho._Taken_above_the_Ain_Sultan_road_looking_S._LOC_matpc.22116.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Air_views_of_Palestine._Air_route_following_the_old_Jerusalem-Jericho_Road._Modern_Jericho._Taken_above_the_Ain_Sultan_road_looking_S._LOC_matpc.22116.jpg/220px-Air_views_of_Palestine._Air_route_following_the_old_Jerusalem-Jericho_Road._Modern_Jericho._Taken_above_the_Ain_Sultan_road_looking_S._LOC_matpc.22116.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Air_views_of_Palestine._Air_route_following_the_old_Jerusalem-Jericho_Road._Modern_Jericho._Taken_above_the_Ain_Sultan_road_looking_S._LOC_matpc.22116.jpg/330px-Air_views_of_Palestine._Air_route_following_the_old_Jerusalem-Jericho_Road._Modern_Jericho._Taken_above_the_Ain_Sultan_road_looking_S._LOC_matpc.22116.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Air_views_of_Palestine._Air_route_following_the_old_Jerusalem-Jericho_Road._Modern_Jericho._Taken_above_the_Ain_Sultan_road_looking_S._LOC_matpc.22116.jpg/440px-Air_views_of_Palestine._Air_route_following_the_old_Jerusalem-Jericho_Road._Modern_Jericho._Taken_above_the_Ain_Sultan_road_looking_S._LOC_matpc.22116.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4376" data-file-height="2916" /></a><figcaption>Jericho from the air in 1931</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem">Greek Orthodox</a> monasteries of <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_St._George_of_Choziba" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastery of St. George of Choziba">St. George of Choziba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Qasr_el_Yahud" class="mw-redirect" title="Qasr el Yahud">John the Baptist</a> were refounded and completed in 1901 and 1904, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="British_Mandate_period">British Mandate period</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_JERICHO._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.D332-058.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_JERICHO._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.D332-058.jpg/220px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_JERICHO._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.D332-058.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_JERICHO._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.D332-058.jpg/330px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_JERICHO._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.D332-058.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_JERICHO._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.D332-058.jpg/440px-AN_AERIAL_PHOTO_OF_JERICHO._%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A9%D7%9C_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.D332-058.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2784" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Jericho 1938</figcaption></figure> <p>After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, Jericho came under British rule, as part of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>. </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/1922_census_of_Palestine" title="1922 census of Palestine">1922 census of Palestine</a>, Jericho had 1,029 inhabitants (931 Muslims, 92 Christians, and six Jews).<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922a_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922a-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Christian population consisted of 45 Orthodox, 12 Roman Catholics, 13 Greek Catholics (<a href="/wiki/Melkite_Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Melkite Catholics">Melkite Catholics</a>), 6 Syrian Catholic, 11 Armenians, four Copts and one Church of England.<sup id="cite_ref-Census1922b_88-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census1922b-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1927, an <a href="/wiki/1927_Jericho_earthquake" title="1927 Jericho earthquake">earthquake struck</a> and affected Jericho and other cities. Around 300 people died,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but by the <a href="/wiki/1931_census_of_Palestine" title="1931 census of Palestine">1931 census</a> the population had increased to 1,693 inhabitants (1,512 Muslims, 170 Christians, seven Druze, and four Jews), in 347 houses.<sup id="cite_ref-Census31_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census31-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 1938 statistics, Jericho lists a population of 1,996 people (including five Jews).<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/Village_Statistics,_1945" title="Village Statistics, 1945">1945 statistics</a>, Jericho's population was 3,010 (2,570 Muslims, 260 Christians, 170 Jews, and 10 "other"<sup id="cite_ref-1945p24_92-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1945p24-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and it had jurisdiction over 37,481 <a href="/wiki/Dunam" title="Dunam">dunams</a> of land.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of this, 948 dunams were used for citrus and bananas, 5,873 dunams were for plantations and irrigable land, 9,141 for cereals,<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while a total of 38 dunams were urban, built-up areas.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> The British built fortresses in Jericho with the help of the Jewish company <a href="/wiki/Solel_Boneh" title="Solel Boneh">Solel Boneh</a>, and bridges were rigged with explosives in preparation for a possible invasion by German allied forces.<sup id="cite_ref-Frilingp65_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frilingp65-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jordanian_period">Jordanian period</h3></div> <p>Jericho came under <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> control after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Jericho_Conference" title="Jericho Conference">Jericho Conference</a>, organized by King Abdullah and attended by over 2,000 Palestinian delegates in 1948 proclaimed "His Majesty Abdullah as King of all Palestine" and called for "the unification of Palestine and Transjordan as a step toward full <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a> unity". In mid-1950, Jordan formally annexed the West Bank and Jericho residents, like other residents of West Bank localities became Jordanian citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-Benvenistip27_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Benvenistip27-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1961, the population of Jericho was 10,166,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whom 935 were Christian, and the rest were Muslim.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1967_and_aftermath">1967 and aftermath</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jericho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jericho.jpg/290px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jericho.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="410" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jericho.jpg/435px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jericho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jericho.jpg/580px-2018_OCHA_OpT_map_Jericho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1768" data-file-height="2500" /></a><figcaption>2018 <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs" title="United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs">United Nations</a> map of the area, showing the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Israeli occupation of the West Bank">Israeli occupation</a> arrangements</figcaption></figure> <p>Jericho has been <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">occupied</a> by <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> since the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> of 1967 along with the rest of the West Bank. It was the first city handed over to <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a> control in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Oslo_Accords" title="Oslo Accords">Oslo Accords</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CSM_100-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSM-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The limited Palestinian self-rule of Jericho was agreed on in the <a href="/wiki/Gaza%E2%80%93Jericho_Agreement" title="Gaza–Jericho Agreement">Gaza–Jericho Agreement</a> of 4 May 1994. Part of the agreement was a "Protocol on Economic Relations", signed on 29 April 1994.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is in an enclave of the Jordan Valley that is in <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_enclaves" title="Palestinian enclaves">Area A</a> of the West Bank, while the surrounding area is designated as being in Area C under full Israeli military control. Four roadblocks encircle the enclave, restricting Jericho's Palestinian population's movement through the West Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response to the 2001 <a href="/wiki/Second_Intifada" title="Second Intifada">Second Intifada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suicide_bombings" class="mw-redirect" title="Suicide bombings">suicide bombings</a>, Jericho was re-occupied by Israeli troops.<sup id="cite_ref-CSM_100-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSM-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2-metre (6 ft 7 in) deep trench was built around a large part of the city to control Palestinian traffic to and from Jericho.<sup id="cite_ref-ARIJ_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ARIJ-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 14 March 2006, the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israel Defense Forces</a> launched <a href="/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods" title="Operation Bringing Home the Goods">Operation Bringing Home the Goods</a>, raiding a Jericho prison to capture the PFLP general secretary, <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Sa%27adat" title="Ahmad Sa'adat">Ahmad Sa'adat</a>, and five other prisoners, all of whom had been charged with assassinating the Israeli tourist minister <a href="/wiki/Rehavam_Zeevi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rehavam Zeevi">Rehavam Zeevi</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After Hamas assaulted a neighborhood in Gaza mostly populated by the Fatah-aligned <a href="/wiki/Hilles_clan" title="Hilles clan">Hilles clan</a>, in response to their attack that killed six Hamas members, the Hilles clan was relocated to Jericho on 4 August 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2009, Palestinian Authority Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Salam_Fayyad" title="Salam Fayyad">Salam Fayyad</a> and U.S. <a href="/wiki/Assistant_Secretary_of_State_for_International_Narcotics_and_Law_Enforcement_Affairs" title="Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs">Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs</a> David Johnson inaugurated the Presidential Guard Training Center in Jericho, a $9.1 million training facility for <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces" title="Palestinian National Security Forces">Palestinian Authority security forces</a> built with U.S. funding.<sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2024, a Jericho street was named after <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Bushnell" class="mw-redirect" title="Aaron Bushnell">Aaron Bushnell</a>, a U.S. soldier who self-immolated in support of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_environment">Geography and environment</h2></div> <p>Jericho is located 258 metres (846 ft) below <a href="/wiki/Sea_level" title="Sea level">sea level</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Oasis" title="Oasis">oasis</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qelt" title="Wadi Qelt">Wadi Qelt</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_Valley_(Middle_East)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jordan Valley (Middle East)">Jordan Valley</a>, which makes it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_by_elevation" title="List of cities by elevation">lowest city in the world</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Murphyp288_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Murphyp288-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holmanp1391_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmanp1391-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The nearby spring of <i>Ein es-Sultan</i> produces 3.8 m<sup>3</sup> (1,000 gallons) of water per minute, irrigating some 10 square kilometres (2,500 acres) through multiple channels and feeding into the <a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a>, 10 kilometres (6 mi) away.<sup id="cite_ref-Ringp367_20-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Holmanp1391_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmanp1391-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:1208px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_Panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Panorama of Jericho"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Jericho_Panorama.jpg/1200px-Jericho_Panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="1200" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Jericho_Panorama.jpg/1800px-Jericho_Panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Jericho_Panorama.jpg/2400px-Jericho_Panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6499" data-file-height="1397" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Jericho_Panorama.jpg" title="File:Jericho Panorama.jpg"> </a></div>Panorama of Jericho</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Important_Bird_Area">Important Bird Area</h3></div> <p>A 3,500 ha (8,600-acre) site encompassing the city of Jericho and its immediate surrounds has been recognised as an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because it supports populations of <a href="/wiki/Black_francolin" title="Black francolin">black francolins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lanner_falcon" title="Lanner falcon">lanner falcons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_kestrel" title="Lesser kestrel">lesser kestrels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_sparrow" title="Dead Sea sparrow">Dead Sea sparrows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3></div> <p>Annual rainfall is 204 mm (8.0 in), mostly concentrated in the winter months and into early spring.<sup id="cite_ref-NS_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NS-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The average temperature is 11 °C (52 °F) in January and 31 °C (88 °F) in July. According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a>, Jericho has a <a href="/wiki/Hot_desert_climate" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot desert climate">hot desert climate</a> (<i>BWh</i>). Rich alluvial soil and abundant spring water have made Jericho an attractive place for settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-Holmanp1391_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Holmanp1391-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Jericho </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.4<br />(75.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.0<br />(98.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.6<br />(101.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">37.9<br />(100.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.8<br />(96.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7<br />(51.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.6<br />(54.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAD5C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(61.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8002; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.8<br />(73.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9<br />(62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8001; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">22.9<br />(73.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4<br />(39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC081; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.6<br />(56.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9226; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.2<br />(68.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.1<br />(70.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFA44A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(63.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6<br />(61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(52.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">15.1<br />(59.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #B7FFB7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #E1FFE1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FBFFFB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(0.2) </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65<br />(2.6) </td> <td style="background: #E5FFE5; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">204<br />(8.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000C8; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">81 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #1111FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">62 </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">49 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #3B3BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #2424FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">57 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #2828FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">56 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #0000E2; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">74 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189.1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.5 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">244.9 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">288.0 </td> <td style="background: #FCFC2D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">362.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF45; color:#000000;" class="notheme">393.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">418.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">396.8 </td> <td style="background: #F9F925; color:#000000;" class="notheme">336.0 </td> <td style="background: #EDED08; color:#000000;" class="notheme">294.5 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">249.0 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">207.7 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0D; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3,566.7 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.9 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #FEFE30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF48; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 </td> <td style="background: #FFFF43; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.8 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #E5E500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.3 </td> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.7 </td> <td style="background: #F0F010; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: Arab Meteorology Book<sup id="cite_ref-NS_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NS-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_1536_Jericho_municipality_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/PikiWiki_Israel_1536_Jericho_municipality_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_1536_Jericho_municipality_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/PikiWiki_Israel_1536_Jericho_municipality_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_1536_Jericho_municipality_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/PikiWiki_Israel_1536_Jericho_municipality_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_1536_Jericho_municipality_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%AA_%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1247" data-file-height="863" /></a><figcaption>Municipality of Jericho, 1967</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first census carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS), in 1997, Jericho's population was 14,674. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_refugee" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian refugee">Palestinian refugees</a> constituted a significant 43.6% of the residents or 6,393 people.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The gender make-up of the city was 51% male and 49% female. Jericho has a young population, with nearly half (49.2%) of the inhabitants being under the age of 20. People between the ages of 20 and 44 made up 36.2% of the population, 10.7% between the ages of 45 and 64, and 3.6% were over the age of 64.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2007 census by the PCBS, Jericho had a population of 18,346.<sup id="cite_ref-PCBS_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PCBS-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Demographics have varied widely depending on the dominant ethnic group and rule in the region over the past three thousand years. In a 1945 land and population survey by <a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Sami Hadawi</a>, 3,010 inhabitants is the figure given for Jericho, of which 94% (2840) were Arab and 6% (170) were Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, the overwhelming majority of the population is <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_115-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Christians" title="Palestinian Christians">Christian</a> community makes up around 1% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-sussi_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sussi-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large community of <a href="/wiki/Black_Palestinians" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Palestinians">black Palestinians</a> is present in Jericho.<sup id="cite_ref-LATimes_115-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_1539_The_market_of_Jericho_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/PikiWiki_Israel_1539_The_market_of_Jericho_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg/220px-PikiWiki_Israel_1539_The_market_of_Jericho_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/PikiWiki_Israel_1539_The_market_of_Jericho_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg/330px-PikiWiki_Israel_1539_The_market_of_Jericho_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/PikiWiki_Israel_1539_The_market_of_Jericho_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg/440px-PikiWiki_Israel_1539_The_market_of_Jericho_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%97%D7%95.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1221" data-file-height="860" /></a><figcaption>Jericho marketplace, 1967</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1994, Israel and Palestine signed an economic accord that enabled Palestinians in Jericho to open banks, collect taxes and engage in export and import in preparation for self-rule.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agriculture is another source of income, with banana groves ringing the city.<sup id="cite_ref-jpost_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Jericho Agro-Industrial Park is a public-private enterprise being developed in the Jericho area. Agricultural processing companies are being offered financial concessions to lease plots of land in the park in a bid to boost Jericho's economy.<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tourism">Tourism</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerycho9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Jerycho9.jpg/220px-Jerycho9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Jerycho9.jpg/330px-Jerycho9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Jerycho9.jpg/440px-Jerycho9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2288" data-file-height="1712" /></a><figcaption>Jericho cable car</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1998, a $150 million casino-hotel was built in Jericho with the backing of Yasser Arafat.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The casino is now closed, though the hotel on the premises is open for guests. </p><p>In 2010, Jericho, with its proximity to the Dead Sea, was declared the most popular destination among Palestinian tourists.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biblical_and_Christian_landmarks">Biblical and Christian landmarks</h3></div> <p>Christian tourism is one of Jericho's primary sources of income. There are several major Christian pilgrimage sites in and around Jericho. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ein_es-Sultan" title="Ein es-Sultan">Ein es-Sultan</a>, known as the Spring of Elisha to Jews and Christians;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qasr_al-Yahud" title="Qasr al-Yahud">Qasr al-Yahud</a> on the Jordan River, across from <a href="/wiki/Al-Maghtas" title="Al-Maghtas">Bethany beyond the Jordan</a>, traditionally identified as the location of the <a href="/wiki/Baptism_of_Jesus" title="Baptism of Jesus">baptism of Jesus</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Temptation" title="Mount of Temptation">Mount of Temptation</a> (Jebel Quruntul), traditionally identified as the location of the <a href="/wiki/Temptation_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Temptation of Jesus">Temptation of Jesus</a>;</li> <li>The Greek Orthodox <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Temptation" title="Monastery of the Temptation">Monastery of the Temptation</a> halfway up the mountain, beside a cave said to be the location where Jesus fasted for 40 days. It is connected to Jericho by a cable car;<sup id="cite_ref-jpost_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jpost-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>2 sycamore trees separately mentioned as the one mentioned in relation to <a href="/wiki/Zacchaeus" title="Zacchaeus">Zacchaeus</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hajla" title="Deir Hajla">Deir Hajla</a>, the monastery of <a href="/wiki/Gerasimus_of_the_Jordan" title="Gerasimus of the Jordan">St. Gerasimos</a> in the Jordan Valley near Jericho;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Monastery,_Wadi_Qelt" class="mw-redirect" title="St. George's Monastery, Wadi Qelt">Saint George Monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Qelt" title="Wadi Qelt">Wadi Qelt</a> above Jericho.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_landmarks">Archaeological landmarks</h3></div> <ul><li>Stone, Bronze and Iron Age cities at <b>Tell es-Sultan</b>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_royal_winter_palaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean royal winter palaces">Hasmonean and Herodian winter palaces</a> at <b>Tulul Abu el-'Alayiq</b>;</li> <li>Byzantine-period synagogues at Jericho (<a href="/wiki/Jericho_synagogue" title="Jericho synagogue">Shalom Al Yisrael Synagogue</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Naaran" title="Naaran">Na'aran</a>;</li> <li>Umayyad palace at Khirbet al-Mafjar known as <a href="/wiki/Hisham%27s_Palace" title="Hisham's Palace">Hisham's Palace</a>;</li> <li>Crusader sugar production facility at <b>Tawahin es-Sukkar</b> (lit. "sugar mills");</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nabi_Musa" title="Nabi Musa">Nabi Musa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mamluk" title="Mamluk">Mamluk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> shrine claimed to be the resting place of <a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> ("Prophet Musa" to the Muslims)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schools_and_religious_institutions">Schools and religious institutions</h2></div> <p>In 1925, Christian friars opened a school for 100 pupils that became the Terra Santa School. The city has 22 state schools and a number of private schools.<sup id="cite_ref-sussi_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sussi-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_care">Health care</h2></div> <p>In April 2010, the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) held a groundbreaking ceremony for the renovation of the <a href="/wiki/Jericho_Governmental_Hospital" title="Jericho Governmental Hospital">Jericho Governmental Hospital</a>. USAID is providing $2.5 million in funding for this project.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2></div> <p>The sports team <a href="/wiki/Hilal_Areeha" title="Hilal Areeha">Hilal Areeha</a> plays <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> in the West Bank First Division. They play home games in the 15,000-spectator <a href="/wiki/Jericho_International_Stadium" title="Jericho International Stadium">Jericho International Stadium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns_–_sister_cities"><span id="Twin_towns_.E2.80.93_sister_cities"></span>Twin towns – sister cities</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_twin_towns_and_sister_cities_in_the_State_of_Palestine" title="List of twin towns and sister cities in the State of Palestine">List of twin towns and sister cities in the State of Palestine</a></div> <p>Jericho is <a href="/wiki/Sister_city" title="Sister city">twinned</a> with:<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alessandria" title="Alessandria">Alessandria</a>, Italy (2004)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Campinas" title="Campinas">Campinas</a>, Brazil (2001)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary"><img alt="Hungary" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eger" title="Eger">Eger</a>, Hungary (2013)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Estaci%C3%B3n_Central" title="Estación Central">Estación Central</a>, Chile (2007)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco"><img alt="Morocco" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/23px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/35px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Flag_of_Morocco.svg/45px-Flag_of_Morocco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fez,_Morocco" title="Fez, Morocco">Fez</a>, Morocco (2014)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foz_do_Igua%C3%A7u" title="Foz do Iguaçu">Foz do Iguaçu</a>, Brazil (2012)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania"><img alt="Romania" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/23px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/35px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Flag_of_Romania.svg/45px-Flag_of_Romania.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ia%C8%99i" title="Iași">Iași</a>, Romania (2003)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece"><img alt="Greece" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/23px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/35px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Greece.svg/45px-Flag_of_Greece.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ilion,_Greece" title="Ilion, Greece">Ilion</a>, Greece (1999)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia"><img alt="Serbia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kragujevac" title="Kragujevac">Kragujevac</a>, Serbia (2011)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway"><img alt="Norway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/21px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/32px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/41px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A6rdal" title="Lærdal">Lærdal</a>, Norway (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a>, Italy (2000)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/San_Giovanni_Valdarno" title="San Giovanni Valdarno">San Giovanni Valdarno</a>, Italy (2004)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Santa_B%C3%A1rbara,_Minas_Gerais" title="Santa Bárbara, Minas Gerais">Santa Bárbara</a>, Brazil (1998)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan"><img alt="Jordan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Flag_of_Jordan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jordan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Al-Shuna_al-Shamalyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Shuna al-Shamalyah">Al-Shuna al-Shamalyah</a>, Jordan (2016)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musa_Alami" title="Musa Alami">Musa Alami</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Asia" title="Portal:Asia">Asia portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_underground_quarry,_Jordan_Valley" title="Ancient underground quarry, Jordan Valley">Ancient underground quarry, Jordan Valley</a>, some 5 km (3 mi) north of Jericho</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Auja,_Jericho" title="Al-Auja, Jericho">al-Auja, Jericho</a>, a Palestinian village north of Jericho</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Jericho" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Jericho">Battle of Jericho</a>, biblical story</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_in_the_Book_of_Joshua" title="Cities in the Book of Joshua">Cities in the Book of Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_royal_winter_palaces" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean royal winter palaces">Hasmonean royal winter palaces</a>, actually Hasmonean and Herodian, at Tulul Abu al-'Alayiq south of Jericho proper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_pottery_in_Palestine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of pottery in Palestine">History of pottery in Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jawa,_Jordan" title="Jawa, Jordan">Jawa, Jordan</a>, the oldest proto-urban settlement from Jordan (late 4th millennium BC – Early Bronze Age)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mevo%27ot_Yericho" class="mw-redirect" title="Mevo'ot Yericho">Mevo'ot Yericho</a>, Israeli settlement just north of Jericho</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_Jericho" title="Tower of Jericho">Tower of Jericho</a>, the Neolithic stone tower, c. 10,000 years old, excavated at Tell es-Sultan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Jericho_(neolithic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall of Jericho (neolithic)">Wall of Jericho</a>, the Neolithic stone wall, c. 10,000 years old, excavated at Tell es-Sultan</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/occupied-palestinian-territory/unrwa-and-japan-celebrate-completion-phase-ii-sewerage-network">Retrieved 31 May 2022.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.undp.org/papp/news/foreign-minister-japan-palestinian-minister-national-economy-and-undp-open-palpro-centre-jericho-agro-industrial-park">"Foreign Minister of Japan, Palestinian Minister of National Economy and UNDP Open PalPro Centre at the Jericho Agro-industrial Park | United Nations Development Programme"</a>. <i>www.undp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.undp.org&rft.atitle=Foreign+Minister+of+Japan%2C+Palestinian+Minister+of+National+Economy+and+UNDP+Open+PalPro+Centre+at+the+Jericho+Agro-industrial+Park+%26%23124%3B+United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.undp.org%2Fpapp%2Fnews%2Fforeign-minister-japan-palestinian-minister-national-economy-and-undp-open-palpro-centre-jericho-agro-industrial-park&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply either "|first=" and the actual title of the cited work, or use "|title=[untitled]" for intentional omission. (July 2022)">title missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PrelimCensus2017-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PrelimCensus2017_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation report cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Downloads/book2364-1.pdf">Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS) (Report). <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">State of Palestine</a>. February 2018. pp. 64–82<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Abbas+hosts+meeting+with+Olmert+in+West+Bank+city+of+Jericho&rft.date=2007-08-06&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F08%2F06%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2F06iht-06cndisrael.7000900.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jpost-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jpost_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpost_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jpost_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalint2012" class="citation news cs1">Balint, Judy Lash (21 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/The-lost-Jewish-presence-in-Jericho">"The lost Jewish presence in Jericho"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=The+lost+Jewish+presence+in+Jericho&rft.date=2012-01-21&rft.aulast=Balint&rft.aufirst=Judy+Lash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FFeatures%2FIn-Thespotlight%2FThe-lost-Jewish-presence-in-Jericho&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2012/8/29/palestinian-farmers-ordered-to-leave-lands">"Palestinian farmers ordered to leave lands"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i>. 29 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Palestinian+farmers+ordered+to+leave+lands&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F8%2F29%2Fpalestinian-farmers-ordered-to-leave-lands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gates2003-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gates2003_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2003" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Charles (2003). <i>"Near Eastern, Egyptian, and Aegean Cities", Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome</i>. Routledge. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-01895-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-01895-1"><bdi>0-415-01895-1</bdi></a>. <q>Jericho, in the Jordan River Valley in the West Bank, inhabited from ca. 9000 BC to the present day, offers important evidence for the earliest permanent settlements in the Near East.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Near+Eastern%2C+Egyptian%2C+and+Aegean+Cities%22%2C+Ancient+Cities%3A+The+Archaeology+of+Urban+Life+in+the+Ancient+Near+East+and+Egypt%2C+Greece+and+Rome&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-415-01895-1&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphyp288-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murphyp288_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphyp288_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy-O'Connor, 1998, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Freedmanp689-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Freedmanp689_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedmanp689_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Freedmanp689_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Freedman et al., 2000, p. 689–671.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Strutin-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Strutin_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michal Strutin, <i>Discovering Natural Israel</i> (2001), p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPillalamarri2015" class="citation web cs1">Pillalamarri, Akhilesh (18 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thediplomat.com/2015/04/exploring-the-indus-valleys-secrets/">"Exploring the Indus Valley's Secrets"</a>. <i>The diplomat</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+diplomat&rft.atitle=Exploring+the+Indus+Valley%27s+Secrets&rft.date=2015-04-18&rft.aulast=Pillalamarri&rft.aufirst=Akhilesh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthediplomat.com%2F2015%2F04%2Fexploring-the-indus-valleys-secrets%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenyon" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kenyon, Kathleen Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Jericho-West-Bank">"Jericho, Town, West Bank"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Jericho%27s+Tell+es-Sultan+added+to+UNESCO+World+Heritage+list&rft.date=2023-09-18&rft.aulast=Nobani&rft.aufirst=Ayman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fgallery%2F2023%2F9%2F18%2Fjerichos-tell-es-sultan-added-to-unesco-world-heritage-list&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1687/">"Ancient Jericho/Tell es-Sultan"</a>. <i>UNESCO World Heritage Centre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.atitle=Ancient+Jericho%2FTell+es-Sultan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F1687%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schreiberp141-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Schreiberp141_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Schreiber, 2003, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ringp367-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ringp367_20-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ring et al., 1994, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R44VRnNCzAYC&dq=jericho+babylonian+ring&pg=RA1-PA367">p. 367–370</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bromileyp1136-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bromileyp1136_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bromiley, 1995, p. 1136.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181118231611/http://faculty.gordon.edu/hu/bi/ted_hildebrandt/OTeSources/01-Genesis/Text/Articles-Books/Waltke_CreationIV_BSac.pdf">"The Creation Account in Genesis 1:1–3"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Bibliotheca Sacra</i>. <b>132</b>: 327–42. 1975. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=World%27s+first+skyscraper+sought+to+intimidate+masses&rft.date=2011-02-14&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Arieh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FVideoArticles%2FVideo%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D208206&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kenyon1981-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kenyon1981_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenyonHolland1981" class="citation book cs1">Kenyon, Kathleen M.; Holland, Thomas A. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rbptAAAAMAAJ"><i>Excavations at Jericho: The architecture and stratigraphy of the Tell: plates, p. 6</i></a>. British School of Archaeology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9500542-3-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9500542-3-0"><bdi>978-0-9500542-3-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Excavations+at+Jericho%3A+The+architecture+and+stratigraphy+of+the+Tell%3A+plates%2C+p.+6&rft.pub=British+School+of+Archaeology&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-9500542-3-0&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+M.&rft.au=Holland%2C+Thomas+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrbptAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080220035014/http://www.ourfatherlutheran.net/biblehomelands/palestine/jericho/jericho.htm">"Old Testament Jericho"</a>. 20 February 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ourfatherlutheran.net/biblehomelands/palestine/jericho/jericho.htm">the original</a> on 20 February 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Testament+Jericho&rft.date=2008-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ourfatherlutheran.net%2Fbiblehomelands%2Fpalestine%2Fjericho%2Fjericho.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janson-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Janson_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Janson and Janson, 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKujit2012" class="citation book cs1">Kujit, Ian (2012). Silberman, Neil Asher (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xeJMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA166"><i>Jericho</i></a>. Vol. 2 (2 ed.). New York: The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973578-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973578-5"><bdi>978-0-19-973578-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jericho&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Archaeology&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-973578-5&rft.aulast=Kujit&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxeJMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigro et al 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigro et al 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nigro et al 2019</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKuijt2012167-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKuijt2012167_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKuijt2012">Kuijt 2012</a>, p. 167.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenyon1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kenyon" title="Kathleen Kenyon">Kenyon, Kathleen Mary</a> (1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_z33N1QsSHEC"><i>Digging Up Jericho</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/London,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="London, England">London, England</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Benn_Limited" title="Ernest Benn Limited">Ernest Benn Limited</a>. pp. 213–218. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0510033118" title="Special:BookSources/978-0510033118"><bdi>978-0510033118</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digging+Up+Jericho&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=213-218&rft.pub=Ernest+Benn+Limited&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=978-0510033118&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_z33N1QsSHEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2016" class="citation book cs1">Davis, Miriam C. (16 September 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Gq0YDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT121"><i>Dame Kathleen Kenyon: Digging Up the Holy Land</i></a>. Routledge. pp. 121, 126, 129. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1315430676" title="Special:BookSources/978-1315430676"><bdi>978-1315430676</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dame+Kathleen+Kenyon%3A+Digging+Up+the+Holy+Land&rft.pages=121%2C+126%2C+129&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-09-16&rft.isbn=978-1315430676&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Miriam+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGq0YDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hubbard-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hubbard_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_L._Hubbard_Jr.2009" class="citation book cs1">Robert L. Hubbard Jr. (30 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qz9E8NC409YC&pg=PA203"><i>Joshua</i></a>. Zondervan. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-59062-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-59062-0"><bdi>978-0-310-59062-0</bdi></a>. <q>The current scholarly consensus follows the conclusion of Kenyon: Except for a small, short-lived settlement (ca. 1400 B.C.), Jericho was completely uninhabited c. 1550 – 1100 B.C.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joshua&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2009-08-30&rft.isbn=978-0-310-59062-0&rft.au=Robert+L.+Hubbard+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQz9E8NC409YC%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Miller1986-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Miller1986_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMillerHayes1986" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._Maxwell_Miller_(biblical_scholar)" title="J. Maxwell Miller (biblical scholar)">Miller, James Maxwell</a>; Hayes, John Haralson (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofancient00mill/page/71/mode/1up"><i>A History of Ancient Israel and Judah</i></a>. Philadelphia: The Westminster Press. pp. 71–72. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-21262-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-21262-9"><bdi>978-0-664-21262-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=71-72&rft.pub=The+Westminster+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-664-21262-9&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=James+Maxwell&rft.au=Hayes%2C+John+Haralson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofancient00mill%2Fpage%2F71%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2000">Jacobs 2000</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENigro2020202–204-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENigro2020202–204_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNigro2020">Nigro 2020</a>, pp. 202–204.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJacobs2000691_51-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJacobs2000">Jacobs 2000</a>, p. 691.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDever1990" class="citation book cs1">Dever, William G. (1990) [1989]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ab7_GFJ-dKQC&q=Dever+Joshua+destroyed+even+there&pg=PA47">"2. The Israelite Settlement in Canaan. New Archeological Models"</a>. <i>Recent Archeological Discoveries and Biblical Research</i>. US: University of Washington Press. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-295-97261-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-295-97261-0"><bdi>0-295-97261-0</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 January</span> 2013</span>. <q>(Of course, for some, that only made the Biblical story more miraculous than ever—Joshua destroyed a city that wasn't even there!)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=2.+The+Israelite+Settlement+in+Canaan.+New+Archeological+Models&rft.btitle=Recent+Archeological+Discoveries+and+Biblical+Research&rft.place=US&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-295-97261-0&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAb7_GFJ-dKQC%26q%3DDever%2BJoshua%2Bdestroyed%2Beven%2Bthere%26pg%3DPA47&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Negev-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Negev_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Negev_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Negev_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Negev_53-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNegevGibson2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Avraham_Negev" title="Avraham Negev">Negev, Avraham</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Gibson" title="Shimon Gibson">Gibson, Shimon</a>, eds. (2001). "Jericho". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l3JtAAAAMAAJ"><i>Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land</i></a>. New York and London: Continuum. p. 259. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1316-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-1316-1"><bdi>0-8264-1316-1</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jericho&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Encyclopedia+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=259&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8264-1316-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl3JtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span> (Snippet view).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">1 Maccabees 9:50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murphyp289-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Murphyp289_55-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Murphy-O'Connor, 1998, pp. 289–291.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Magnusson, Magnus (1977). <i>Archaeology of the Bible</i>. New York: Simon and Schuster. p. 219. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780671240103" title="Special:BookSources/9780671240103">9780671240103</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Rozenberg, Silvia; Netzer, Ehud (2008). <i>Hasmonean and Herodian palaces at Jericho: final reports of the 1973–1987 excavations</i>. 4, "The decoration of Herod's third palace at Jericho". Jerusalem: Israel Exploration Society & Institute of Archaeology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789652210715" title="Special:BookSources/9789652210715">9789652210715</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/758612875">WorldCat website</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STF-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-STF_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-STF_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/012discuss.html">Jericho – (Ariha)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160307205816/http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/mad/discussion/012discuss.html">Archived</a> 7 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Studium Biblicum Franciscum – Jerusalem.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+10&version=NIV">"The Parable of the Good Samaritan Luke 10:25"</a>. Biblegateway.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Parable+of+the+Good+Samaritan+Luke+10%3A25&rft.pub=Biblegateway.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3DLuke%2B10%26version%3DNIV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wesley, J., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wesley.nnu.edu/john-wesley/john-wesleys-notes-on-the-bible/notes-on-the-gospel-according-to-st-luke/#Chapter+X"><i>Notes on The Gospel According to St Luke</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/resources/smiths-bible-names-dictionary/Jericho">Smith's Bible Names Dictionary: Jericho</a>. Retrieved 6 February 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Loschp117-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Loschp117_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Loschp117_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Losch, 2005, p. 117–118.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100621022226/http://jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=377&PID=1852&IID=1923">"The Palestinian Authority and the Jewish Holy Sites"</a>. JCPA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=377&PID=1852&IID=1923">the original</a> on 21 June 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+Authority+and+the+Jewish+Holy+Sites&rft.pub=JCPA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jcpa.org%2FJCPA%2FTemplates%2FShowPage.asp%3FDBID%3D1%26LNGID%3D1%26TMID%3D111%26FID%3D377%26PID%3D1852%26IID%3D1923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jewishjericho-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jewishjericho_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jewishjericho_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishjericho.org.il/english/places/shalomalyisrael.html">"Jewish life in Jericho"</a>. Jewishjericho.org.il<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jewish+life+in+Jericho&rft.pub=Jewishjericho.org.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishjericho.org.il%2Fenglish%2Fplaces%2Fshalomalyisrael.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Several hadith collections: e.g. Bukhari, <i>Sahih</i> as translated Muḥammad Muḥsin Khân, <i>The Translation of the Meanings of Sahih al-Bukhari</i> (India: Kitab Bhavan, 1987) 3.39.531 and 4.53.380, and Muslim <i>Sahih</i> trans. Abdul Hamid Siddiqui (Lahore: Kazi Publications, 1976) 10.3763.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Maronite Chronicle</i>, written during Mu'awiya's caliphate. For propaganda reasons it dates the earthquake to the wrong year: Andrew Palmer, <i>The Seventh Century in the West-Syrian Chronicles</i> (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1993), 30, 31, 32.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Pilgrimage of Arculf in the Holy Land", De Locis Sanctis as translated by Rev. James Rose MacPherson (W. London: BD. 24, Hanover Square, 1895), ch. I.11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jerome Murphy-O'Connor, <i>The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700</i>, Oxford University Press 2008, pp. 342–344.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shahinp285-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shahinp285_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shahin, 2005, p. 285.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shahinp283-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shahinp283_70-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shahin, 2005, p. 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Muqaddasi quoted in Le Strange, 1890, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/39/mode/1up">39</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hull-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hull_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hull, 1855.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">al-Hamawi and Abu-l Fida quoted in Le Strange, 1890, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/palestineundermo00lestuoft#page/397/mode/1up">397</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singerp52-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singerp52_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singer, 2002, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&pg=PA50">50</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&pg=PA52">52</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singerp120-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singerp120_75-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singer, 2002, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&pg=PA120">120</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Singerp126-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Singerp126_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Singer, 2002, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC&pg=PA126">126</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HA114-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HA114_77-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Graham, 1836, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_0ZYCAAAAQAAJ#page/n136/mode/1up">122</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-benarieh-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-benarieh_79-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-benarieh_79-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Ben-Arieh, Yehoshua. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ybz.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Article_36.8.pdf">"The Sanjak of Jerusalem in the 1870s"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200722211520/http://www.ybz.org.il/_Uploads/dbsAttachedFiles/Article_36.8.pdf">Archived</a> 22 July 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. In <i>Cathedra</i>, 36. Jerusalem: Yad Yitzhak Ben Zvi. 1985. pp. 80–82</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 2, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearc00smitgoog#page/n302/mode/1up">280</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Titus_Tobler" title="Titus Tobler">Titus Tobler</a>, <i>Topographie von Jerusalem und seinen Umgebungen</i>, Berlin, 1853–1854, p. 642</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkolnik2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Skolnik, Fred, ed. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jevzajcg.me/enciklopedia/Encyclopaedia%20Judaica,%20v.%2009%20(Her-Int).pdf">"Herschberg, Abraham Samuel (1858–1943)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Encyclopaedia Judaica</i>. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Keter, Thomson Gale. pp. 42–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865930-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-865930-5"><bdi>978-0-02-865930-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Herschberg%2C+Abraham+Samuel+%281858%E2%80%931943%29&rft.btitle=Encyclopaedia+Judaica&rft.pages=42-43&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Keter%2C+Thomson+Gale&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-02-865930-5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jevzajcg.me%2Fenciklopedia%2FEncyclopaedia%2520Judaica%2C%2520v.%252009%2520%28Her-Int%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHershberg1899" class="citation book cs1">Hershberg, A. S. (1899). <i>In the Land of the East</i>. Vilna. p. 469.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Land+of+the+East&rft.pages=469&rft.pub=Vilna&rft.date=1899&rft.aulast=Hershberg&rft.aufirst=A.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tribal-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tribal_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Steen2014" class="citation book cs1">van der Steen, Eveline (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=d-_OBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT115">"Raiding and robbing"</a>. <i>Near Eastern Tribal Societies During the Nineteenth Century: Economy, Society and Politics Between Tent and Town</i>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781317543473" title="Special:BookSources/9781317543473"><bdi>9781317543473</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Raiding+and+robbing&rft.btitle=Near+Eastern+Tribal+Societies+During+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+Economy%2C+Society+and+Politics+Between+Tent+and+Town&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=9781317543473&rft.aulast=van+der+Steen&rft.aufirst=Eveline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd-_OBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Socin, 1879, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde01deut#page/159/mode/1up">159</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hartmann, 1883, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ#page/n932/mode/1up">124</a>, noted 34 houses</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922a-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1922a_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jericho, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n21/mode/1up">19</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census1922b-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census1922b_88-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barron, 1923, Table XIV, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n47/mode/1up">45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yalibnan.com/2013/10/22/israel-hit-by-fifth-minor-quake-in-a-week/">"Israel hit by fifth minor quake in a week"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ya_Libnan" title="Ya Libnan">Ya Libnan</a>. 22 October 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+hit+by+fifth+minor+quake+in+a+week&rft.pub=Ya+Libnan&rft.date=2013-10-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yalibnan.com%2F2013%2F10%2F22%2Fisrael-hit-by-fifth-minor-quake-in-a-week%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census31-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Census31_90-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mills, 1932, p.<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas">45</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rosetta.nli.org.il/delivery/DeliveryManagerServlet?dps_pid=IE13978876">"Village statistics, February 1938"</a>. <i>rosetta.nli.org.il</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rosetta.nli.org.il&rft.atitle=Village+statistics%2C+February+1938.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frosetta.nli.org.il%2Fdelivery%2FDeliveryManagerServlet%3Fdps_pid%3DIE13978876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1945p24-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1945p24_92-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Department of Statistics, 1945, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/VSpages/VS1945_p24.jpg">24</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jerusalem/Page-057.jpg">57</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20II/Jerusalem/Page-102.jpg">102</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. <i>Village Statistics, April, 1945.</i> Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20III/Jerusalem/Page-153.jpg">153</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frilingp65-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frilingp65_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Friling and Cummings, 2005, p. 65.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Benvenistip27-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Benvenistip27_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Benvenisti, 1998, pp. 27–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Jordan, 1964, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-p13.pdf">13</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.cecs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensusPages/JordanCensus1961-pp115-116.pdf">115–116</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CSM-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CSM_100-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CSM_100-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrusher2004" class="citation journal cs1">Prusher, Ilene R. (14 September 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2004/0914/p01s04-wome.html">"At 10th anniversary, a far poorer Palestinian Authority"</a>. <i>The Christian Science Monitor</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=At+10th+anniversary%2C+a+far+poorer+Palestinian+Authority&rft.date=2004-09-14&rft.aulast=Prusher&rft.aufirst=Ilene+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F2004%2F0914%2Fp01s04-wome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons1994" class="citation news cs1">Simons, Marlise (30 April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9502EED91530F933A05757C0A962958260">"Gaza-Jericho Economic Accord Signed by Israel and Palestinians"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Jericho (West Bank); Middle East; Gaza Strip<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gaza-Jericho+Economic+Accord+Signed+by+Israel+and+Palestinians&rft.date=1994-04-30&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=Marlise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9502EED91530F933A05757C0A962958260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFĠānim2010" class="citation cs2">Ġānim, Asʻad (2010), <i>Palestinian Politics After Arafat: A Failed National Movement</i>, Indiana University Press, p. 35, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253354273" title="Special:BookSources/9780253354273"><bdi>9780253354273</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Politics+After+Arafat%3A+A+Failed+National+Movement&rft.pages=35&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780253354273&rft.aulast=%C4%A0%C4%81nim&rft.aufirst=As%CA%BBad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ARIJ-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ARIJ_103-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">ARIJ & LRC, 20 March 2001, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=138"><i>The Tightening of the Siege on Jericho: Israel Employs a New Policy of Trench Digging</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130613235138/http://www.poica.org/editor/case_studies/view.php?recordID=138">Archived</a> 13 June 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/4806714.stm">Israel holds militant after siege</a> 14 March 2006 <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1215331192135&pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull">Jerusalem Post</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110511121547/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?cid=1215331192135&pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull">Archived</a> 11 May 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 4 August 2008 <i>IDF: Hilles clan won't boost terrorism</i> Yaacov Katz And Khaled Abu Toameh</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130217143329/http://jerusalem.usconsulate.gov/pr150309.html">"Training Center for Palestinian Authority Security Forces Opens in Jericho"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jerusalem.usconsulate.gov/pr150309.html">the original</a> on 17 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Training+Center+for+Palestinian+Authority+Security+Forces+Opens+in+Jericho&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjerusalem.usconsulate.gov%2Fpr150309.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreyman-Kennard2024" class="citation web cs1">Greyman-Kennard, Danielle (12 March 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-791570">"West Bank city names street after self-immolating US soldier Aaron Bushnell"</a>. <i>The Jerusalem Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=West+Bank+city+names+street+after+self-immolating+US+soldier+Aaron+Bushnell&rft.date=2024-03-12&rft.aulast=Greyman-Kennard&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Farticle-791570&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holmanp1391-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holmanp1391_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holmanp1391_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holmanp1391_108-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolman2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Holman_Christian_Standard_Bible" title="Holman Christian Standard Bible">Holman</a> (15 September 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x7kIHAAACAAJ"><i>The Holman Illustrated Study Bible-HCSB</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Broadman_%26_Holman" class="mw-redirect" title="Broadman & Holman">Broadman & Holman</a>. p. 1391. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1586402765" title="Special:BookSources/1586402765"><bdi>1586402765</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holman+Illustrated+Study+Bible-HCSB&rft.pages=1391&rft.pub=Broadman+%26+Holman&rft.date=2006-09-15&rft.isbn=1586402765&rft.au=Holman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx7kIHAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bli-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bli_109-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/jericho-iba-palestinian-authority-territories">"Jericho"</a>. <i>BirdLife Data Zone</i>. BirdLife International. 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BirdLife+Data+Zone&rft.atitle=Jericho&rft.date=2021&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdatazone.birdlife.org%2Fsite%2Ffactsheet%2Fjericho-iba-palestinian-authority-territories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NS-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NS_110-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NS_110-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304072830/http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf">"Appendix I: Meteorological Data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Springer. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://extras.springer.com/2007/978-1-4020-4577-6/Book_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Appendix+I%3A+Meteorological+Data&rft.pub=Springer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fextras.springer.com%2F2007%2F978-1-4020-4577-6%2FBook_Shahin_ISBN_9781402045776_Appendix.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/jer_t6.aspx">Palestinian Population by Locality and Refugee Status</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081118181551/https://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/jer_t6.aspx">Archived</a> 18 November 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/jer_t1.aspx">Palestinian Population by Locality, Sex and Age Groups in Years</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080614231532/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_pcbs/phc_97/jer_t1.aspx">Archived</a> 14 June 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PCBS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PCBS-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PCBS_113-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf#page=109">2007 PCBS Census</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101210081942/http://www.pcbs.gov.ps/Portals/_PCBS/Downloads/book1487.pdf">Archived</a> 10 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Central_Bureau_of_Statistics" title="Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics">Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics</a> (PCBS).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hadawi, 1970, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/download/VillageStatistics/Table%20I/Jerusalem/Page-057.jpg">p.57</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimes-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_115-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-LATimes_115-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFisher1987" class="citation cs2">Fisher, Dan (2 February 1987), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-02-02-mn-142-story.html">"World's Oldest City Retains Lure : Biblical Jericho: Winter Oasis for the West Bank"</a>, <i>Los Angeles Times</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=World%27s+Oldest+City+Retains+Lure+%3A+Biblical+Jericho%3A+Winter+Oasis+for+the+West+Bank&rft.date=1987-02-02&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1987-02-02-mn-142-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sussi-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sussi_116-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sussi_116-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170910220321/http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/English-Spoken-Here/From-the-World/2012/5/24/HOLY-LAND-Jericho-A-small-Christian-community-and-their-school/283382/">"HOLY LAND/ Jericho: A small Christian community and their school"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilsussidiario.net/News/English-Spoken-Here/From-the-World/2012/5/24/HOLY-LAND-Jericho-A-small-Christian-community-and-their-school/283382/">the original</a> on 10 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HOLY+LAND%2F+Jericho%3A+A+small+Christian+community+and+their+school&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilsussidiario.net%2FNews%2FEnglish-Spoken-Here%2FFrom-the-World%2F2012%2F5%2F24%2FHOLY-LAND-Jericho-A-small-Christian-community-and-their-school%2F283382%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimons1994" class="citation web cs1">Simons, Marlise (30 April 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/04/30/world/gaza-jericho-economic-accord-signed-by-israel-and-palestinians.html">"Gaza-Jericho Economic Accord Signed by Israel and Palestinians"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gaza-Jericho+Economic+Accord+Signed+by+Israel+and+Palestinians&rft.date=1994-04-30&rft.aulast=Simons&rft.aufirst=Marlise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F04%2F30%2Fworld%2Fgaza-jericho-economic-accord-signed-by-israel-and-palestinians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2012" class="citation web cs1">Ford, Liz (18 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2012/jun/18/jericho-business-park-palestine-sustainability">"Jericho business park aims to inch Palestine towards sustainability"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Jericho+business+park+aims+to+inch+Palestine+towards+sustainability&rft.date=2012-06-18&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2012%2Fjun%2F18%2Fjericho-business-park-palestine-sustainability&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/1998/07/26/walls-going-up-in-jericho-construction-of-casino-hotel-palestinians-israelis-have-role-in-project/">"Walls going up in Jericho – construction of casino-hotel Palestinians, Israelis have role in project"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102854/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1998-07-26/news/1998207031_1_casinos-austria-play-in-casinos-jericho">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Walls+going+up+in+Jericho+%E2%80%93+construction+of+casino-hotel+Palestinians%2C+Israelis+have+role+in+project&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2F1998%2F07%2F26%2Fwalls-going-up-in-jericho-construction-of-casino-hotel-palestinians-israelis-have-role-in-project%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRabinowitz2010" class="citation web cs1">Rabinowitz, Gavin (11 February 2010). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/7214355/Palestinians-aim-to-push-tourism-beyond-Bethlehem.html">"Palestinians aim to push tourism beyond Bethlehem"</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/expat/expatnews/7214355/Palestinians-aim-to-push-tourism-beyond-Bethlehem.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Palestinians+aim+to+push+tourism+beyond+Bethlehem&rft.date=2010-02-11&rft.aulast=Rabinowitz&rft.aufirst=Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fexpat%2Fexpatnews%2F7214355%2FPalestinians-aim-to-push-tourism-beyond-Bethlehem.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110318001142/http://www.usaid.gov/wbg/pr_April_14_2010.html">"USAID to Renovate the Jericho Governmental Hospital"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usaid.gov/wbg/pr_April_14_2010.html">the original</a> on 18 March 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=USAID+to+Renovate+the+Jericho+Governmental+Hospital&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.usaid.gov%2Fwbg%2Fpr_April_14_2010.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915044808/http://www.worldstadiums.com/middle_east/countries/palestine.shtml">"World Stadiums – Stadiums in Palestine"</a>. <i>worldstadiums.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldstadiums.com/middle_east/countries/palestine.shtml">the original</a> on 15 September 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 September</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldstadiums.com&rft.atitle=World+Stadiums+%E2%80%93+Stadiums+in+Palestine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldstadiums.com%2Fmiddle_east%2Fcountries%2Fpalestine.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201206141356/http://www.jericho-city.ps/ar_page.php?id=ct5MDP5Csna2396520AuRpyFejJ38">"العلاقات التي تربط مدينة أريحا بالمدن الأجنبية"</a>. <i>jericho-city.ps</i> (in Arabic). Jericho. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jericho-city.ps/ar_page.php?id=ct5MDP5Csna2396520AuRpyFejJ38">the original</a> on 6 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jericho-city.ps&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B7+%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9+%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7+%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jericho-city.ps%2Far_page.php%3Fid%3Dct5MDP5Csna2396520AuRpyFejJ38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_and_cited_references">General and cited references</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarron,_J.B.1923" class="citation book cs1">Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/PalestineCensus1922"><i>Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+Report+and+General+Abstracts+of+the+Census+of+1922&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1923&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FPalestineCensus1922&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBenvenisti1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Meron_Benvenisti" title="Meron Benvenisti">Benvenisti, M.</a> (1998). <i>City of Stone: The Hidden History of Jerusalem</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20768-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-20768-4"><bdi>978-0-520-20768-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+of+Stone%3A+The+Hidden+History+of+Jerusalem&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-520-20768-4&rft.aulast=Benvenisti&rft.aufirst=M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBromiley1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_W._Bromiley" title="Geoffrey W. Bromiley">Bromiley, G.W.</a> (1995). <i>The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia: E-J</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3782-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3782-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-3782-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Standard+Bible+Encyclopedia%3A+E-J&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3782-0&rft.aulast=Bromiley&rft.aufirst=G.W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConderKitchener1883" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Reignier_Conder" title="Claude Reignier Conder">Conder, C.R.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Kitchener,_1st_Earl_Kitchener" title="Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener">Kitchener, H.H.</a> (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp03conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology</i></a>. Vol. 3. London: <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Memoirs+of+the+Topography%2C+Orography%2C+Hydrography%2C+and+Archaeology&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Conder&rft.aufirst=C.R.&rft.au=Kitchener%2C+H.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp03conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span> pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp03conduoft#page/173/mode/1up">173</a>, 174, 181, 183, 231, 507;</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDauphin1998" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Claudine_Dauphin" title="Claudine Dauphin">Dauphin, C.</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FC1mAAAAMAAJ"><i>La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations</i></a>. BAR International Series 726 (in French). Vol. III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-860549-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-860549-05-4"><bdi>0-860549-05-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Palestine+byzantine%2C+Peuplement+et+Populations&rft.place=Oxford&rft.series=BAR+International+Series+726&rft.pub=Archeopress&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-860549-05-4&rft.aulast=Dauphin&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFC1mAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDepartment_of_Statistics1945" class="citation book cs1">Department of Statistics (1945). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.nli.org.il/sites/nli/Hebrew/library/Pages/BookReader.aspx?pid=856390"><i>Village Statistics, April, 1945</i></a>. Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics%2C+April%2C+1945&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1945&rft.au=Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.nli.org.il%2Fsites%2Fnli%2FHebrew%2Flibrary%2FPages%2FBookReader.aspx%3Fpid%3D856390&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Finkelstein, I.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Neil_Asher_Silberman" title="Neil Asher Silberman">Silberman, N.A.</a> (2002). <a href="/wiki/The_Bible_Unearthed" title="The Bible Unearthed"><i>The Bible Unearthed</i></a>. Touchstone. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-684-86913-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-684-86913-6"><bdi>0-684-86913-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+Unearthed&rft.pub=Touchstone&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-684-86913-6&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Silberman%2C+N.A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFreedmanMyersBeck2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Noel_Freedman" title="David Noel Freedman">Freedman, D.N.</a>; Myers, Allen C.; Beck, Astrid B. (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/eerdmansdictiona0000unse"><i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i></a></span>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2400-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2400-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2400-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2400-4&rft.aulast=Freedman&rft.aufirst=D.N.&rft.au=Myers%2C+Allen+C.&rft.au=Beck%2C+Astrid+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Feerdmansdictiona0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrilingCummings2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tuvia_Friling" title="Tuvia Friling">Friling, T.</a>; Cummings, Ora (2005). <i>Arrows in the Dark: David Ben-Gurion, the Yishuv Leadership, and Rescue Attempts During the Holocaust</i>. University of Wisconsin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-17550-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-17550-4"><bdi>978-0-299-17550-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Arrows+in+the+Dark%3A+David+Ben-Gurion%2C+the+Yishuv+Leadership%2C+and+Rescue+Attempts+During+the+Holocaust&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-299-17550-4&rft.aulast=Friling&rft.aufirst=T.&rft.au=Cummings%2C+Ora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGates2003" class="citation book cs1">Gates, Charles (2003). <i>Ancient Cities: The Archaeology of Urban Life in the Ancient Near East and Egypt, Greece and Rome</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Cities%3A+The+Archaeology+of+Urban+Life+in+the+Ancient+Near+East+and+Egypt%2C+Greece+and+Rome.&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Gates&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGovernment_of_Jordan,_Department_of_Statistics1964" class="citation book cs1">Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cs.anu.edu.au/~bdm/yabber/census/JordanCensus1961bits.pdf"><i>First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Census+of+Population+and+Housing.+Volume+I%3A+Final+Tables%3B+General+Characteristics+of+the+Population&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Government+of+Jordan%2C+Department+of+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcs.anu.edu.au%2F~bdm%2Fyabber%2Fcensus%2FJordanCensus1961bits.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham1836" class="citation book cs1">Graham, Peter (1836). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_0ZYCAAAAQAAJ"><i>A topographical dictionary of Palestine</i></a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+topographical+dictionary+of+Palestine&rft.place=London&rft.date=1836&rft.aulast=Graham&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_0ZYCAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuérin1874" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Victor_Gu%C3%A9rin" title="Victor Guérin">Guérin, V.</a> (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/descriptionsam01gu"><i>Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine</i></a> (in French). Vol. 2: Samarie, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+G%C3%A9ographique+Historique+et+Arch%C3%A9ologique+de+la+Palestine&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=L%27Imprimerie+Nationale&rft.date=1874&rft.aulast=Gu%C3%A9rin&rft.aufirst=V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdescriptionsam01gu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span> (p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/descriptionsam01gu#page/46/mode/1up">46</a> ff)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHadawi1970" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Hadawi" title="Sami Hadawi">Hadawi, S.</a> (1970). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/Articles/General-2/Story3150.html"><i>Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine</i></a>. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Village+Statistics+of+1945%3A+A+Classification+of+Land+and+Area+ownership+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Palestine+Liberation+Organization+Research+Center&rft.date=1970&rft.aulast=Hadawi&rft.aufirst=S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestineremembered.com%2FArticles%2FGeneral-2%2FStory3150.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartmann1883" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Hartmann" title="Martin Hartmann">Hartmann, M.</a> (1883). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ">"Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. <b>6</b>: 102–149.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=Die+Ortschaftenliste+des+Liwa+Jerusalem+in+dem+t%C3%BCrkischen+Staatskalender+f%C3%BCr+Syrien+auf+das+Jahr+1288+der+Flucht+%281871%29&rft.volume=6&rft.pages=102-149&rft.date=1883&rft.aulast=Hartmann&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_BZobAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHull1855" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Hull_(geologist)" title="Edward Hull (geologist)">Hull, E.</a> (1855). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9e88L7DVTq8C"><i>Mount Seir, Sinai and Western Palestine</i></a>. Richard Bently and Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781402189852" title="Special:BookSources/9781402189852"><bdi>9781402189852</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mount+Seir%2C+Sinai+and+Western+Palestine&rft.pub=Richard+Bently+and+Sons&rft.date=1855&rft.isbn=9781402189852&rft.aulast=Hull&rft.aufirst=E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9e88L7DVTq8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHütterothAbdulfattah1977" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wolf-Dieter_H%C3%BCtteroth" title="Wolf-Dieter Hütteroth">Hütteroth, W.-D.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Kamal_Abdulfattah" title="Kamal Abdulfattah">Abdulfattah, K.</a> (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wqULAAAAIAAJ"><i>Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century</i></a>. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-920405-41-2"><bdi>3-920405-41-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Geography+of+Palestine%2C+Transjordan+and+Southern+Syria+in+the+Late+16th+Century&rft.pub=Erlanger+Geographische+Arbeiten%2C+Sonderband+5.+Erlangen%2C+Germany%3A+Vorstand+der+Fr%C3%A4nkischen+Geographischen+Gesellschaft&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=3-920405-41-2&rft.aulast=H%C3%BCtteroth&rft.aufirst=W.-D.&rft.au=Abdulfattah%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwqULAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2000" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Paul F. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&pg=PA691">"Jericho"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Myers, Allen C. (eds.). <i>Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jericho&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Paul+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26pg%3DPA691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJansonJanson2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._W._Janson" title="H. W. Janson">Janson, H.W.</a>; Janson, Anthony F. (2003). <i>History of Art: The Western Tradition</i>. <a href="/wiki/Prentice_Hall" title="Prentice Hall">Prentice Hall</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-182895-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-182895-9"><bdi>0-13-182895-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Art%3A+The+Western+Tradition&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-13-182895-9&rft.aulast=Janson&rft.aufirst=H.W.&rft.au=Janson%2C+Anthony+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenyon1957" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Kenyon" title="Kathleen Kenyon">Kenyon, K.</a> (1957). <i>Digging Up Jericho</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Digging+Up+Jericho&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuijt2012" class="citation book cs1">Kuijt, Ian (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xeJMAgAAQBAJ&q=%22Bronze+Age+Jericho+was+surrounded+by+extensive+defensive+wall+systems%22&pg=RA1-PA166"><i>The Oxford Companion to Archaeology</i></a>. Oup USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199735785" title="Special:BookSources/9780199735785"><bdi>9780199735785</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Archaeology&rft.pub=Oup+USA&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780199735785&rft.aulast=Kuijt&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxeJMAgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Bronze%2BAge%2BJericho%2Bwas%2Bsurrounded%2Bby%2Bextensive%2Bdefensive%2Bwall%2Bsystems%2522%26pg%3DRA1-PA166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Strange1890" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Guy_Le_Strange" title="Guy Le Strange">Le Strange, G.</a> (1890). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestineundermo00lestuoft"><i>Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500</i></a>. Committee of the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine+Under+the+Moslems%3A+A+Description+of+Syria+and+the+Holy+Land+from+A.D.+650+to+1500&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1890&rft.aulast=Le+Strange&rft.aufirst=G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestineundermo00lestuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLosch2005" class="citation book cs1">Losch, Richard R. (2005). <i>The Uttermost Part of the Earth: A Guide to Places in the Bible</i>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2805-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2805-7"><bdi>978-0-8028-2805-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Uttermost+Part+of+the+Earth%3A+A+Guide+to+Places+in+the+Bible&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2805-7&rft.aulast=Losch&rft.aufirst=Richard+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurphy-O'Connor1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jerome_Murphy-O%27Connor" title="Jerome Murphy-O'Connor">Murphy-O'Connor, J.</a> (1998). <i>The Holy Land: An Oxford Archaeological Guide from Earliest Times to 1700</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-288013-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-288013-0"><bdi>978-0-19-288013-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Holy+Land%3A+An+Oxford+Archaeological+Guide+from+Earliest+Times+to+1700&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-19-288013-0&rft.aulast=Murphy-O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMills,_E.1932" class="citation book cs1">Mills, E., ed. (1932). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas"><i>Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas</i></a>. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+of+Palestine+1931.+Population+of+Villages%2C+Towns+and+Administrative+Areas&rft.place=Jerusalem&rft.pub=Government+of+Palestine&rft.date=1932&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FCensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNigro2020" class="citation book cs1">Nigro, Lorenzo (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/41702471">"The Italian-Palestinian Expedition to Tell es-Sultan, Ancient Jericho (1997–2015)"</a>. In Sparks, Rachel T.; Finlayson, Bill; Wagemakers, Bart; SJ, Josef Mario Briffa (eds.). <i>Digging Up Jericho: Past, Present and Future</i>. Archaeopress Publishing Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1789693522" title="Special:BookSources/978-1789693522"><bdi>978-1789693522</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Italian-Palestinian+Expedition+to+Tell+es-Sultan%2C+Ancient+Jericho+%281997%E2%80%932015%29&rft.btitle=Digging+Up+Jericho%3A+Past%2C+Present+and+Future&rft.pub=Archaeopress+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1789693522&rft.aulast=Nigro&rft.aufirst=Lorenzo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F41702471&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1881" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Palmer" title="Edward Henry Palmer">Palmer, E.H.</a> (1881). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/surveyofwesternp00conduoft"><i>The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Palestine_Exploration_Fund" title="Palestine Exploration Fund">Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Survey+of+Western+Palestine%3A+Arabic+and+English+Name+Lists+Collected+During+the+Survey+by+Lieutenants+Conder+and+Kitchener%2C+R.+E.+Transliterated+and+Explained+by+E.H.+Palmer&rft.pub=Committee+of+the+Palestine+Exploration+Fund&rft.date=1881&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=E.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsurveyofwesternp00conduoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRingSalkinBerneySchellinger1994" class="citation book cs1">Ring, Trudy; Salkin, Robert M.; Berney, K. A.; Schellinger, Paul E. (1994). <i>International Dictionary of Historic Places</i>. Taylor & Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-03-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-884964-03-9"><bdi>978-1-884964-03-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Historic+Places&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-884964-03-9&rft.aulast=Ring&rft.aufirst=Trudy&rft.au=Salkin%2C+Robert+M.&rft.au=Berney%2C+K.+A.&rft.au=Schellinger%2C+Paul+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobinsonSmith1856" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Edward_Robinson_(scholar)" title="Edward Robinson (scholar)">Robinson, E.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Eli_Smith" title="Eli Smith">Smith, E.</a> (1856). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/laterbiblicalre03smitgoog"><i>Biblical Researches in Palestine and adjacent regions: A Journal of Travels in the years 1838 and 1852, 2nd edition</i></a>. Vol. 2. London: <a href="/wiki/John_Murray_(publishing_house)" title="John Murray (publishing house)">John Murray</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+Researches+in+Palestine+and+adjacent+regions%3A+A+Journal+of+Travels+in+the+years+1838+and+1852%2C+2nd+edition&rft.place=London&rft.pub=John+Murray&rft.date=1856&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=E.&rft.au=Smith%2C+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flaterbiblicalre03smitgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScheller1994" class="citation book cs1">Scheller, William (1994). <i>Amazing Archaeologists and Their Finds</i>. The Oliver Press, Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-881508-17-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-881508-17-5"><bdi>978-1-881508-17-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amazing+Archaeologists+and+Their+Finds&rft.pub=The+Oliver+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-1-881508-17-5&rft.aulast=Scheller&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchick1896" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Conrad_Schick" title="Conrad Schick">Schick, C.</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde19deut">"Zur Einwohnerzahl des Bezirks Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. <b>19</b>: 120–127.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=Zur+Einwohnerzahl+des+Bezirks+Jerusalem&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=120-127&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Schick&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzeitschriftdesde19deut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreiberSchiffKlenicki2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mordecai_Schreiber" title="Mordecai Schreiber">Schreiber, M.</a>; Schiff, Alvin I.; Klenicki, Leon (2003). <i>The Shengold Jewish Encyclopedia</i>. Schreiber Pub. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-887563-77-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-887563-77-2"><bdi>978-1-887563-77-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shengold+Jewish+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Schreiber+Pub.&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-887563-77-2&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Schiff%2C+Alvin+I.&rft.au=Klenicki%2C+Leon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShahin2005" class="citation book cs1">Shahin, Mariam (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/palestine00mari"><i>Palestine: A Guide</i></a>. Interlink Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-557-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56656-557-8"><bdi>978-1-56656-557-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestine%3A+A+Guide&rft.pub=Interlink+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-56656-557-8&rft.aulast=Shahin&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestine00mari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinger2002" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amy_Singer_(historian)" title="Amy Singer (historian)">Singer, A.</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zHBHBTNwBQoC"><i>Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem</i></a>. Albany: <a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="State University of New York Press">State University of New York Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-5352-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7914-5352-9"><bdi>0-7914-5352-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constructing+Ottoman+Beneficence%3A+An+Imperial+Soup+Kitchen+in+Jerusalem&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7914-5352-9&rft.aulast=Singer&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzHBHBTNwBQoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSocin1879" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Socin" title="Albert Socin">Socin, A.</a> (1879). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/zeitschriftdesde01deut">"Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem"</a>. <i>Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins</i>. <b>2</b>: 135–163.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+des+Deutschen+Pal%C3%A4stina-Vereins&rft.atitle=Alphabetisches+Verzeichniss+von+Ortschaften+des+Paschalik+Jerusalem&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=135-163&rft.date=1879&rft.aulast=Socin&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fzeitschriftdesde01deut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJericho" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Stacey, D. 'Hedonists or pragmatic agriculturalists? Reassessing Hasmonean Jericho', <i>Levant</i>, <b>38</b> (2006), 191–202.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output 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href="http://www.palestineremembered.com/GeoPoints/Jericho_525/index.html">Welcome to Jericho</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504092545/http://vprofile.arij.org/jericho/pdfs/factsheet/Jericho%20City_FS_EN.pdf">Jericho City (Fact Sheet)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Applied_Research_Institute%E2%80%93Jerusalem" title="Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem">Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Applied_Research_Institute%E2%80%93Jerusalem" title="Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem">Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem</a> (ARIJ)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141021115509/http://vprofile.arij.org/jericho/pdfs/vprofile/Jericho_en_FINAL.pdf">Jericho City Profile</a>, ARIJ</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504092634/http://vprofile.arij.org/jericho/images/english/Jericho_ap_en.jpg">Jericho aerial photo</a>, ARIJ</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180504092401/http://vprofile.arij.org/jericho/pdfs/needsfordevelopment/Jericho%20City_N_EN.pdf">Locality Development Priorities and Needs in Jericho City</a>, ARIJ</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jericho-city.ps/english.php">Jericho Municipality Official Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206022015/http://www.jericho-city.ps/english.php">Archived</a> 6 February 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Survey of Western Palestine, Map 18: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iaa-archives.org.il/zoom/zoom.aspx?folder_id=93&type_id=6&id=8380">IAA</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Survey_of_Western_Palestine_1880.18.jpg">Wikimedia commons</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080917020530/http://www.jericho-city.org/etemplate.php?id=19">Jericho Municipality Official Website Historical site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140104070704/http://jericho-cablecar.com/">Jericho Cable Car</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.BiblicalArcheology.Net/">Resources on Biblical Archaeology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ljames1.home.netcom.com/jericho99.html">Jericho: Tel es-Sultan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081013030856/http://ljames1.home.netcom.com/jericho99.html">Archived</a> 13 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblicalchronologist.org/answers/bryantwood.php">The walls of Jericho fell in 1550 BCE</a></li></ul> <div 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jericho_Governorate" title="Template talk:Jericho Governorate"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jericho_Governorate" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jericho Governorate"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Jericho_Governorate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Jericho_Governorate" title="Jericho Governorate">Jericho Governorate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_administered_by_the_Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities administered by the Palestinian National Authority">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jericho</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Nabi_Musa" title="Nabi Musa">an-Nabi Musa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ein_ad-Duyuk_at-Tahta" title="Ein ad-Duyuk at-Tahta">Ein ad-Duyuk at-Tahta</a>)</small></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Governate_of_Jericho.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Jericho Governorate"><img alt="Jericho Governorate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Governate_of_Jericho.png/50px-Governate_of_Jericho.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Governate_of_Jericho.png/75px-Governate_of_Jericho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Governate_of_Jericho.png/100px-Governate_of_Jericho.png 2x" data-file-width="1066" data-file-height="1223" /></a></span><br /><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine"><img alt="State of Palestine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/50px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/75px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/100px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Municipality_(Palestinian_Authority)" title="Municipality (Palestinian Authority)">Municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Auja,_Jericho" title="Al-Auja, Jericho">Al-Auja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_ad-Duyuk_al-Foqa" title="Ein ad-Duyuk al-Foqa">Ein ad-Duyuk al-Foqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An-Nuway%27imah" title="An-Nuway'imah">an-Nuway'imah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Village_council_(Palestinian_Authority)" class="mw-redirect" title="Village council (Palestinian Authority)">Villages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fasayil" title="Fasayil">Fasayil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jiftlik" title="Al-Jiftlik">al-Jiftlik</a></li> <li>Marj Najah</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marj_Al-Ghazal" title="Marj Al-Ghazal">Marj Al-Ghazal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az-Zubaidat" title="Az-Zubaidat">az-Zubaidat</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palestine_refugee_camps" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestine refugee camps">Refugee camps</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aqabat_Jaber" title="Aqabat Jaber">Aqabat Jaber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_as-Sultan_camp" class="mw-redirect" title="Ein as-Sultan camp">Ein as-Sultan camp</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deir_Hajla" title="Deir Hajla">Deir Hajla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hisham%27s_Palace" title="Hisham's Palace">Hisham's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_Saints_John_and_George_of_Choziba" class="mw-redirect" title="Monastery of Saints John and George of Choziba">Monastery of Saints John and George of Choziba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_the_Temptation" title="Monastery of the Temptation">Monastery of the Temptation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_administered_by_the_State_of_Palestine" title="Template:Cities administered by the State of Palestine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dis" title="Abu Dis">Abu Dis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arraba,_Jenin" title="Arraba, Jenin">Arraba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Na%27im" title="Bani Na'im">Bani Na'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Sahour" title="Beit Sahour">Beit Sahour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Jala" title="Beit Jala">Beit Jala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Ummar" title="Beit Ummar">Beit Ummar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beitunia" title="Beitunia">Beitunia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Bireh" title="Al-Bireh">al-Bireh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ad-Dhahiriya" title="Ad-Dhahiriya">ad-Dhahiriya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dura,_Hebron" title="Dura, Hebron">Dura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Eizariya" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Eizariya">al-Eizariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halhul" title="Halhul">Halhul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idna" title="Idna">Idna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenin" title="Jenin">Jenin</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nablus" title="Nablus">Nablus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabatiya" title="Qabatiya">Qabatiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalqilya" title="Qalqilya">Qalqilya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Ram" title="Al-Ram">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramallah" title="Ramallah">Ramallah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rawabi" title="Rawabi">Rawabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sa%27ir" title="Sa'ir">Sa'ir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salfit" title="Salfit">Salfit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/As-Samu" title="As-Samu">as-Samu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarqumiya" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarqumiya">Tarqumiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tubas_(city)" title="Tubas (city)">Tubas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulkarm" title="Tulkarm">Tulkarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27bad" title="Ya'bad">Ya'bad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yamun" title="Al-Yamun">al-Yamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yatta,_Hebron" title="Yatta, Hebron">Yatta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a><sup>*</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abasan_al-Kabira" title="Abasan al-Kabira">Abasan al-Kabira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bani_Suheila" title="Bani Suheila">Bani Suheila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Hanoun" title="Beit Hanoun">Beit Hanoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Lahia" title="Beit Lahia">Beit Lahia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deir_al-Balah" title="Deir al-Balah">Deir al-Balah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabalia" title="Jabalia">Jabalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khan_Yunis" title="Khan Yunis">Khan Yunis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah" title="Rafah">Rafah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az-Zawayda" title="Az-Zawayda">az-Zawayda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>*</sup>From 14 June 2007, the Gaza Strip has been under <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/Hamas_government_in_the_Gaza_Strip" title="Hamas government in the Gaza Strip">Hamas governance</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;background-color:#EEE8AA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="Template:New Testament places associated with Jesus"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="Template talk:New Testament places associated with Jesus"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New Testament places associated with Jesus"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86non" class="mw-redirect" title="Ænon">Aenon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethsaida" title="Bethsaida">Bethsaida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cana" title="Cana">Cana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capernaum" title="Capernaum">Capernaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khirbat_Karraza" class="mw-redirect" title="Khirbat Karraza">Chorazin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinneret_(archaeological_site)" title="Kinneret (archaeological site)">Gennesaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Transfiguration" title="Mount of Transfiguration">Mount of Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nein" title="Nein">Nain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazareth" title="Nazareth">Nazareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_of_Galilee" title="Sea of Galilee">Sea of Galilee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Judea" title="Judea">Judea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bethany" title="Bethany">Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pool_of_Bethesda" title="Pool of Bethesda">Bethesda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethphage" title="Bethphage">Bethphage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary" title="Calvary">Calvary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmaus" title="Emmaus">Emmaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabbatha" title="Gabbatha">Gabbatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gethsemane" title="Gethsemane">Gethsemane</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem">Jerusalem Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_of_Olives" title="Mount of Olives">Mount of Olives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#EEE8AA;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Maghtas" title="Al-Maghtas">Bethabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Maritima" title="Caesarea Maritima">Caesarea Maritima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarea_Philippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Caesarea Philippi">Caesarea Philippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerash" title="Jerash">Gerasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_Paul_the_Apostle" title="Conversion of Paul the Apostle">Road to Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shechem" title="Shechem">Sychar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Qais" title="Umm Qais">Umm Qais</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#EEE8AA"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Characters_and_names_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Characters and names in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="People_and_things_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People and things in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Characters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_characters_and_names_mentioned_in_the_Quran" title="List of characters and names mentioned in the Quran">Characters</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Non-humans" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Non-humans</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">Allāh</a> ('The <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a>') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Islam" title="Names of God in Islam">Names</a> of <a href="/wiki/Allah" title="Allah">Allah</a> found in the Quran, such as <i>Karīm</i> (Generous)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Baqara" title="Al-Baqara">baqara</a></i> (cow) of Israelites</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam#The_plot_against_Joseph" title="Joseph in Islam">dhiʾb</a></i> (wolf) that Jacob feared could attack Joseph</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">fīl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/War_elephant" title="War elephant">elephant</a>) of the Abyssinians</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Donkey" title="Donkey">Domesticated donkey</a>)</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">hud-hud</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hoopoe" title="Hoopoe">hoopoe</a>) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i>kalb</i> (dog) of the <a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">sleepers of the cave</a></li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam#Reign" title="Solomon in Islam">namlah</a></i> (female ant) of Solomon</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Jonah#The_fish" title="Jonah">nūn</a></i> (fish or whale) of Jonah</li> <li>The <i><a href="/wiki/She-Camel_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="She-Camel of God">nāqat</a></i> (she-camel) of Ṣāliḥ</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAnkabūt</i> (Female <a href="/wiki/Spider" title="Spider">spider</a>)</li> <li><i>Dābbat al-Arḍ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Beast_of_the_Earth" title="Beast of the Earth">Beast of the Earth</a>)</li> <li><i>Ḥimār</i> (<a href="/wiki/Onager" title="Onager">Wild ass</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Honey#Ancient_times" title="Honey">Naḥl</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Honey_bee" title="Honey bee">Honey bee</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qaswarah" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaswarah">Qaswarah</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Asiatic_lion" title="Asiatic lion">Lion</a>', 'beast of prey' or 'hunter')</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Angels_in_Islam" title="Angels in Islam">Malāʾikah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Angel" title="Angel">Angels</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Angels of Hell <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maalik" title="Maalik">Mālik</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zabaniyya" class="mw-redirect" title="Zabaniyya">Zabāniyah</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bearers_of_the_Throne" title="Bearers of the Throne">Bearers of the Throne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harut_and_Marut" title="Harut and Marut">Harut and Marut</a></li> <li><i>Kirāman Kātibīn</i> (Honourable Scribes) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Raqib" class="mw-redirect" title="Raqib">Raqib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atid" title="Atid">Atid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munkar_and_Nakir" title="Munkar and Nakir">Munkar and Nakir</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muqarrabun" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel#Islam" title="Archangel"><i>Muqarrabun</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel#Islam" title="Gabriel">Jibrīl</a> (Gabriel, chief) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/R%C5%AB%E1%B8%A5" title="Rūḥ">Ar-Rūḥ</a></i> ('The Spirit') <ul><li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Amīn</i> ('The Trustworthy Spirit')</li> <li><i>Ar-Rūḥ al-Qudus</i> ('The <a href="/wiki/Holy_Spirit" title="Holy Spirit">Holy Spirit</a>')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Angel of the Trumpet (<a href="/wiki/Israfil" title="Israfil">Isrāfīl</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Azrael#In_Islam" title="Azrael">Malakul-Mawt</a></i> (Angel of Death, Azrael)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)#Islam" title="Michael (archangel)">Mīkāil</a> (Michael)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jinn" title="Jinn">Jinn</a></i> (Genies)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Jann_(legendary_creature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jann (legendary creature)">Jann</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ifrit#Islamic_scripture" title="Ifrit">ʿIfrīt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asmodeus" title="Asmodeus">Sakhr</a></i> (Asmodeus)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareen" title="Qareen">Qarīn</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shaitan" title="Shaitan">Shayāṭīn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Demon" title="Demon">Demons</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iblis" title="Iblis">Iblīs</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Satan#Islam" title="Satan">ash-Shayṭān</a></i> (the (chief) <a href="/wiki/Devil" title="Devil">Devil</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marid" title="Marid">Mārid</a></i> ('Rebellious one')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ghilman" title="Ghilman">Ghilmān</a></i> or <i>Wildān</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Houri" title="Houri">Ḥūr</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Ādam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Yasa" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Yasa">Al-Yasa</a>ʿ (<a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dāwūd</a> (<a href="/wiki/David" title="David">David</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhul-Kifl" class="mw-redirect" title="Dhul-Kifl">Dhūl-Kifl</a> (Ezekiel?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Hārūn</a> (Aaron)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hūd</a> (Eber?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idrīs</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">Ilyās</a> (Elijah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">ʿImrān</a> (Joachim the father of Maryam)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Isḥāq</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismāʿīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Binding_of_Isaac#Muslim_views" title="Binding of Isaac">Dhabih Ullah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lūṭ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Ṣāliḥ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuʿayb</a> (Jethro, Reuel or <a href="/wiki/Hobab_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hobab (biblical figure)">Hobab</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulaymān</a> ibn Dāwūd (<a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> son of David)</li> <li>ʿ<a href="/wiki/Uzair" title="Uzair">Uzair</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a>?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist#Islam" title="John the Baptist">Yaḥyā</a> ibn Zakariyyā (<a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a> the son of Zechariah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaʿqūb</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a>) <ul><li>Isrāʾīl (Israel)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>) <ul><li><i>Dhūn-Nūn</i> ('He of the <a href="/wiki/Fish" title="Fish">Fish</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Whale" title="Whale">Whale</a>)' or 'Owner of the Fish (or Whale)')</li> <li><i>Ṣāḥib al-Ḥūt</i> ('Companion of the Whale')</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yūsuf</a> ibn Ya‘qūb (<a href="/wiki/Joseph" title="Joseph">Joseph</a> son of Jacob)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)#In_Islam" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zakariyyā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulu-l-%E2%80%98Azm" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulu-l-‘Azm">Ulul-ʿAzm</a></i><br />('Those of the<br /> Perseverance<br /> and Strong Will')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muḥammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_the_Quran" title="Muhammad in the Quran">Aḥmad</a></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Muhammad" title="Names and titles of Muhammad">names and titles of Muhammad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">ʿĪsā</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Masīḥ</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a>)</li> <li><i>Ibn Maryam</i> (Son of Mary)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Mūsā Kalīmullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> He who spoke to God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrāhīm Khalīlullāh</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> Friend of God)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nūḥ</a> (<a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Debatable ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Qarnayn" title="Dhu al-Qarnayn">Dhūl-Qarnain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luqman" title="Luqman">Luqmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_in_Islam" title="Mary in Islam">Maryam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talut" title="Talut">Ṭālūt</a> (<a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> or <a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a>?)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah#Islamic_views" title="Jeremiah">Irmiyā</a> (Jeremiah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel#Islam" title="Samuel">Ṣamūʾīl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua#In_Islam" title="Joshua">Yūshaʿ ibn Nūn</a> (Joshua, companion and successor of Moses)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="People_of_Prophets" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">People of Prophets</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Good ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adam's immediate relatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Martyred son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eve#Islamic_view" title="Eve">Wife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habib_the_Carpenter" title="Habib the Carpenter">Believer of Ya-Sin</a></li> <li>Family of Noah <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Father Lamech</a></li> <li>Mother Shamkhah bint Anush or Betenos</li></ul></li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li>People of Abraham <ul><li>Mother Abiona or Amtelai the daughter of Karnebo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hagar_in_Islam" title="Hagar in Islam">Ishmael's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah#In_Islam" title="Sarah">Isaac's mother</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Jesus <ul><li>Disciples (including <a href="/wiki/Peter_in_Islam" title="Peter in Islam">Peter</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne#In_Islam" title="Saint Anne">Mary's mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(biblical_figure)#In_Islam" title="Elizabeth (biblical figure)">Zechariah's wife</a></li></ul></li> <li>People of Solomon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba#Islam" title="Bathsheba">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Islamic" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asif_ibn_Barkhiya" title="Asif ibn Barkhiya">Vizier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zayd_ibn_Harithah" class="mw-redirect" title="Zayd ibn Harithah">Zayd</a> (Muhammad's adopted son)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of<br /> Joseph</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Brothers (including <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin in Islam">Binyāmin</a> (Benjamin) and <a href="/wiki/Simeon_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Simeon (son of Jacob)">Simeon</a>)</li> <li>Egyptians <ul><li><i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Potiphar" title="Potiphar">Potiphar</a>, Qatafir or Qittin)</li> <li><i>Malik</i> (King Ar-Rayyān ibn Al-Walīd))</li> <li>Wife of <i>ʿAzīz</i> (<a href="/wiki/Zuleikha_(tradition)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zuleikha (tradition)">Zulaykhah</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachel#In_Islam" title="Rachel">Mother</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People of <br />Aaron and Moses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Egyptians <ul><li>Believer (Hizbil or Hizqil ibn Sabura)</li> <li><i>Imraʾat Firʿawn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Asiya" title="Asiya">Āsiyá bint Muzāḥim</a> the <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(Exodus)#In_Muslim_tradition" title="Pharaoh's daughter (Exodus)">Wife of Pharaoh</a>, who adopted Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam#Confrontation_with_sorcerers" title="Moses in Islam">Magicians of the Pharaoh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khidr" title="Khidr">Wise, pious man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zipporah" title="Zipporah">Moses' wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leah" title="Leah">Moses' sister-in-law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochebed#The_Islamic_view_of_Jochebed" title="Jochebed">Mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam#Quranic_account" title="Miriam">Sister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Evil ones</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam#Family" title="Abraham in Islam">Āzar</a> (possibly <a href="/wiki/Terah#Islamic_tradition" title="Terah">Terah</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaohs_in_the_Bible" title="Pharaohs in the Bible">Firʿawn</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a> of Moses' time)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haman_(Islam)" title="Haman (Islam)">Hāmān</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Jālūt</a> (Goliath)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korah#Quranic_reference" title="Korah">Qārūn</a> (Korah, cousin of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samiri_(Islamic_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Samiri (Islamic figure)">As-Sāmirī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ab%C5%AB_Lahab" class="mw-redirect" title="Abū Lahab">Abū Lahab</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Slayers_of_%E1%B9%A2%C4%81li%E1%B8%A5%27s_she-camel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel (page does not exist)">Slayers of Ṣāliḥ's she-camel</a> (Qaddar ibn Salif and Musda' ibn Dahr)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied or<br />not specified</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraha" title="Abraha">Abraha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr" title="Abu Bakr">Abu Bakr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam#Balaam_in_the_Quran" title="Balaam">Bal'am/Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar%E1%B9%A3%C4%AB%E1%B9%A3%C4%81" title="Barṣīṣā">Barṣīṣā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb#Quranic_account" title="Caleb">Caleb or Kaleb</a> the companion of Joshua</li> <li>Luqman's son</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nimrod" title="Nimrod">Nimrod</a></li> <li>Rahmah the wife of Ayyub</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Groups</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Jannah</i> <ul><li>People of Paradise</li> <li>People of the Burnt Garden</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb as-Sabt</i> (Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Sabbath" title="Sabbath">Sabbath</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Jesus' apostles</a> <ul><li><i>Ḥawāriyyūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Disciples of Jesus</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Companions of Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Kahf war-Raqīm</i> (<a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Islam" title="Seven Sleepers">Companions of the Cave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sahab,_Jordan#Famous_places_in_Sahab" title="Sahab, Jordan">Al-Raqaim?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Fil" title="Al-Fil">Companions of the Elephant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_towns_in_Saudi_Arabia#Al-Ukhd.C5.ABd_Archeological_Area" title="Ancient towns in Saudi Arabia">People of al-Ukhdūd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_of_Ya-Sin" title="People of Ya-Sin">People of a township in Surah Ya-Sin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">People of Yathrib</a> or <a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Medina</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Lūṭ</i> (People of Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li>Nation of Noah</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tribes,_ethnicitiesor_families" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tribes,<br /> ethnicities<br />or families</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>‘<a href="/wiki/Ajam" title="Ajam">Ajam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_(endonym)" title="Rum (endonym)"><i>Ar-Rūm</i></a> (literally 'The Romans')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Banī Isrāʾīl</a></i> (Children of Israel)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sodom_and_Gomorrah#Islamic" title="Sodom and Gomorrah">Muʾtafikāt</a></i> (Sodom and Gomorrah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">People of Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah#Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah">People of Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">People of Nuh</a></li> <li>People of Shuaib <ul><li><i>Ahl Madyan</i> <a href="/wiki/Midian#In_the_Qur'an" title="Midian">People of Madyan</a>)</li> <li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Aykah</i> ('Companions of the Wood')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Qawm <a href="/wiki/Jonah#Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah">Yūnus</a></i> (People of Jonah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog">Ya'juj and Ma'juj/Gog and Magog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copts" title="Copts">People of Fir'aun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_world" title="Muslim world">Current Ummah of Islam (Ummah of Muhammad)</a> <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb Muḥammad</i> (<a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Prophet" title="Companions of the Prophet">Companions of Muhammad</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansar_(Islam)" title="Ansar (Islam)">Anṣār</a> (literally 'Helpers')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhajirun" title="Muhajirun">Muhajirun</a> (Emigrants from Mecca to Medina)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Umm_Jamil" title="Umm Jamil">Wife of Abu Lahab</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Children of Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel_in_Islam" title="Cain and Abel in Islam">Sons of Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wives_aboard_Noah%27s_Ark" title="Wives aboard Noah's Ark">Wife of Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_wife" title="Lot's wife">Wife of Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gog_and_Magog#Qur'an" title="Gog and Magog"><i>Yaʾjūj wa Maʾjūj</i></a> (Gog and Magog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Noah#Extrabiblical_sons_of_Noah" class="mw-redirect" title="Sons of Noah">Son of Nuh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Aʿrāb</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia" title="Tribes of Arabia">Arabs</a><br /> or <a href="/wiki/Bedouin" title="Bedouin">Bedouins</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CA%BF%C4%80d" title="ʿĀd">ʿĀd</a> (people of Hud)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Companions_of_the_Rass" title="Companions of the Rass">Companions of the Rass</a></li> <li><i>Qawm Tubbaʿ</i> (People of <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Saba_and_Himyar" title="List of rulers of Saba and Himyar">Tubba</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">People of Sabaʾ or Sheba</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quraysh" title="Quraysh">Quraysh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thamud" title="Thamud">Thamūd</a> (people of Ṣāliḥ) <ul><li><i>Aṣḥāb al-Ḥijr</i> ('Companions of the <a href="/wiki/Mada%27in_Saleh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mada'in Saleh">Stoneland</a>')</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Ahl al-Bayt</i><br /> ('People of the<br /> Household')</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Household of Abraham <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob#Children_of_Jacob" title="Jacob">Brothers of Yūsuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot%27s_daughters" title="Lot's daughters">Lot's daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim#In_Islam" title="Joachim">Progeny of Imran</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Moses</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahl_al-Bayt" title="Ahl al-Bayt">Household of Muhammad</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Hashim" title="Banu Hashim">ibn Abdullah ibn Abdul-Muttalib ibn Hashim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Khadijah%27s_daughters" class="mw-redirect" title="Genealogy of Khadijah's daughters">Daughters of Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad%27s_wives" class="mw-redirect" title="Muhammad's wives">Muhammad's wives</a></li></ul></li> <li>Household of Salih</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implicitly<br />mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalek</a></li> <li><i>Ahl as-Suffa</i> (People of the Verandah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Nadir" title="Banu Nadir">Banu Nadir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qaynuqa" title="Banu Qaynuqa">Banu Qaynuqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Qurayza" title="Banu Qurayza">Banu Qurayza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_peoples" title="Iranian peoples">Iranian people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate" title="Umayyad Caliphate">Umayyad Dynasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banu_Aws" title="Banu Aws">Aus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Banu_Khazraj" title="Banu Khazraj">Khazraj</a></li> <li>People of <a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dhimmi" title="Dhimmi">Ahl al-Dhimmah</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kafir" title="Kafir">Kāfirūn</a></i> <ul><li>disbelievers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Majūs</i> <a href="/wiki/Zoroastrianism" title="Zoroastrianism">Zoroastrians</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Munafiq" title="Munafiq">Munāfiqūn</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hypocrisy" title="Hypocrisy">Hypocrites</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslims" title="Muslims">Muslims</a> <ul><li>Believers</li></ul></li> <li><i>Ahl al-Kitāb</i> (<a href="/wiki/People_of_the_Book" title="People of the Book">People of the Book</a>) <ul><li><i>Naṣārā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>(s) or People of the Injil) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monk" title="Monk">Ruhban (Christian monks)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priest#Christianity" title="Priest">Qissis (Christian priest)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Yahūd</i> (<a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakham" title="Hakham">Ahbār (Jewish scholars)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbani/Rabbi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabians#Islamic_reference" title="Sabians">Sabians</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polytheism" title="Polytheism">Polytheists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_pre-Islamic_Arabia#Mecca" title="Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia">Meccan polytheists</a> at the time of Muhammad</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_religion" title="Ancient Mesopotamian religion">Mesopotamian polytheists</a> at the time of Abraham and Lot</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Locations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Locations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Al-Arḍ Al-Muqaddasah</a></i> ('The Holy Land') <ul><li>'Blessed' Land'</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jannah" title="Jannah">Jannah</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>, literally 'The Garden')</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jahannam" title="Jahannam">Jahannam</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Hell" title="Hell">Hell</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bab_Huta" class="mw-redirect" title="Bab Huta">Door of Hittah</a></li> <li><i>Madyan</i> (<a href="/wiki/Midian" title="Midian">Midian</a>)</li> <li><i>Majmaʿ al-Baḥrayn</i></li> <li><i>Miṣr</i> (Mainland <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>)</li> <li>Salsabīl (A river in Paradise)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In the<br /> <a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a> <br />(excluding Madyan)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)#Historical_context" title="Hud (prophet)">Al-Aḥqāf</a></i> ('The Sandy Plains,' or 'the Wind-curved Sand-hills') <ul><li><i>Iram dhāt al-ʿImād</i> (<a href="/wiki/Iram_of_the_Pillars" title="Iram of the Pillars">Iram of the Pillars</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Medina" title="Medina">Madīnah</a></i> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Medina#Pre-Islamic_times" title="Medina">Yathrib</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Arafat" title="Mount Arafat">ʿArafāt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muzdalifah#The_Sacred_Monument" title="Muzdalifah">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hegra_(Mada%27in_Salih)" title="Hegra (Mada'in Salih)">Al-Ḥijr</a></i> (Hegra)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Badr,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Badr, Saudi Arabia">Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunayn,_Saudi_Arabia" title="Hunayn, Saudi Arabia">Ḥunayn</a></li> <li><i>Makkah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mecca" title="Mecca">Mecca</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bakkah" title="Bakkah">Bakkah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haram_(site)" title="Haram (site)">Ḥaraman</a> Āminan</i> ('Sanctuary (which is) Secure')</li> <li><i>Kaʿbah</i> (<a href="/wiki/Kaaba" title="Kaaba">Kaaba</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maqam_Ibrahim" title="Maqam Ibrahim">Maqām Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Station of Abraham)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safa_and_Marwa" title="Safa and Marwa">Safa and Marwa</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sabaeans" title="Sabaeans">Sabaʾ</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Sheba" title="Sheba">Sheba</a>) <ul><li><i>ʿArim Sabaʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Marib_Dam" title="Marib Dam">Dam of Sheba</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ar_Rass" title="Ar Rass">Rass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula_in_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai Peninsula in Islam">Sinai Region</a><br /> or Tīh Desert</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Wadi" title="Wadi">Wād</a> Al-Muqaddas Ṭuwan</i> (The Holy <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Tuwa" class="mw-redirect" title="Valley of Tuwa">Valley of Tuwa</a>) <ul><li><i>Al-Wādil-Ayman</i> (The valley on the 'righthand' side of the Valley of Tuwa and <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Mount_Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Buq%E2%80%98ah_Al-Mub%C4%81rakah" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Buq‘ah Al-Mubārakah">Al-Buqʿah Al-Mubārakah</a></i> ('The Blessed Place')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> or <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In <a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia" title="Mesopotamia">Mesopotamia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Judi" title="Mount Judi">Al-Jūdiyy</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Munzal_Al-Mub%C4%81rak" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Munzal Al-Mubārak">Munzalanm-Mubārakan</a></i> ('Place-of-Landing Blessed')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Bābil</i> (<a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>)</li> <li><i>Qaryat Yūnus</i> ('Township of <a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Jonah</a>,' that is <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious<br /> locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church" title="Christian Church">Bayʿa</a></i> (Church)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mihrab" title="Mihrab">Miḥrāb</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monastery" title="Monastery">Monastery</a></li> <li><i>Masjid</i> (<a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">Mosque</a>, literally 'Place of <a href="/wiki/Sujud" title="Sujud">Prostration</a>') <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Al-Mash%27ar_Al-Haram" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Mash'ar Al-Haram">Al-Mashʿar Al-Ḥarām</a></i> ('The Sacred Grove')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Aqṣā</i> (<a href="/wiki/Al-Aqsa" title="Al-Aqsa">Al-Aqsa</a>, literally 'The Farthest Place-of-Prostration')</li> <li><i>Al-Masjid Al-Ḥarām</i> (The <a href="/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Mecca" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Mosque of Mecca">Sacred Mosque</a> of Mecca)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_Masjid_al-Dirar" title="Demolition of Masjid al-Dirar">Masjid al-Dirar</a></li> <li>A Mosque in the area of Medina, possibly: <ul><li><i>Masjid Qubāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Quba_Mosque" title="Quba Mosque">Quba Mosque</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Masjid_an-Nabawi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Masjid an-Nabawi">The Prophet's Mosque</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Salat (Synagogue)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antioch" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antakya" title="Antakya">Antakya</a></li></ul></li> <li>Arabia <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hejaz" title="Hejaz">Ḥijāz</a></i> (literally 'The Barrier') <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Stone" title="Black Stone"><i>Al-Ḥajar al-Aswad</i></a> (Black Stone) & <i><a href="/wiki/Al-Hijr_of_Ishmael" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Hijr of Ishmael">Al-Hijr of Isma'il</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cave_of_Hira" class="mw-redirect" title="Cave of Hira">Cave of Hira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabal_Thawr#Cave" title="Jabal Thawr"><i>Ghār ath-Thawr</i></a> (Cave of the Bull)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Hudaybiyyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%27if" class="mw-redirect" title="Ta'if">Ta'if</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayla_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayla (city)">Ayla</a></li> <li>Barrier of Dhul-Qarnayn</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayt_al-Muqaddas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayt al-Muqaddas">Bayt al-Muqaddas</a> & <a class="mw-selflink selflink">'Ariha</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_in_the_Quran" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesopotamia in the Quran">Bilād ar-Rāfidayn</a></i> (Mesopotamia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Sleepers#Location_of_the_cave_and_duration_of_stay" title="Seven Sleepers">Cave of Seven Sleepers</a></li> <li><i>Dār an-Nadwa</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> River</li> <li>Palestine River</li> <li>Paradise of <a href="/wiki/Shaddad" title="Shaddad">Shaddad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Events,_incidents,_occasions_or_times" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events, incidents, occasions or times</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Incident of Ifk</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Night_of_Power" title="Night of Power">Laylat al-Qadr</a></i> (Night of Decree)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_of_Mubahala" class="mw-redirect" title="Event of Mubahala">Event of Mubahala</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sayl_al-%27Arim" class="mw-redirect" title="Sayl al-'Arim">Sayl al-ʿArim</a></i> (Flood of the Great Dam of <a href="/wiki/Ma%27rib" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'rib">Ma'rib</a> in Sheba)</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Farewell_Pilgrimage" title="Farewell Pilgrimage">Farewell Pilgrimage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Hudaybiyyah" class="mw-redirect" title="Treaty of Hudaybiyyah">Treaty of Hudaybiyyah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles or<br />military expeditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Trench" title="Battle of the Trench">Battle of <i>al-Aḥzāb</i></a> ('the Confederates')</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Badr" title="Battle of Badr">Battle of Badr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hunayn" title="Battle of Hunayn">Battle of Hunayn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khaybar" title="Battle of Khaybar">Battle of Khaybar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Uhud" title="Battle of Uhud">Battle of Uhud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expedition_of_Tabuk" title="Expedition of Tabuk">Expedition of Tabuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conquest_of_Mecca" title="Conquest of Mecca">Conquest of Mecca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Days</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Jumu%27ah" class="mw-redirect" title="Jumu'ah">Jumuʿah</a></i> (The Friday)</li> <li><i>As-<a href="/wiki/Sabbath#Islam" title="Sabbath">Sabt</a></i> (The Sabbath or Saturday)</li> <li>Days of battles</li> <li>Days of Hajj</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Judgment" title="Last Judgment">Doomsday</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Months of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>12 months: Four holy months <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Hijjah" title="Dhu al-Hijjah">Ash-Shahr Al-Ḥarām</a> (The Sacred or Forbidden Month)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramadan" title="Ramadan">Ramaḍān</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilgrimages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Hajj" title="Hajj">Ḥajj</a></i> (literally 'The Pilgrimage', the Greater Pilgrimage)</li> <li><i>Al-ʿ<a href="/wiki/Umrah" title="Umrah">Umrah</a></i> (The Lesser Pilgrimage)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Times for prayer<br />or remembrance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">Times for <i><a href="/wiki/Dua" title="Dua">Duʿāʾ</a></i> ('<a href="/wiki/Invocation" title="Invocation">Invocation</a>'), <i><a href="/wiki/Salah" title="Salah">Ṣalāh</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Dhikr" title="Dhikr">Dhikr</a></i> ('Remembrance', including <i><a href="/wiki/Alhamdulillah" title="Alhamdulillah">Taḥmīd</a></i> ('Praising'), <i><a href="/wiki/Takbir" title="Takbir">Takbīr</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Tasbih" title="Tasbih">Tasbīḥ</a></i>): <ul><li><i>Al-ʿAshiyy</i> (The Afternoon or the Night)</li> <li><i>Al-Ghuduww</i> ('The Mornings') <ul><li><i>Al-Bukrah</i> ('The Morning')</li> <li><i>Aṣ-Ṣabāḥ</i> ('The Morning')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Al-Layl</i> ('The Night') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Isha_prayer" title="Isha prayer">ʿIshāʾ</a></i> ('The Late-Night')</li></ul></li> <li><i>Aẓ-<a href="/wiki/Zuhr_prayer" title="Zuhr prayer">Ẓuhr</a></i> ('The Noon')</li> <li><i>Dulūk ash-Shams</i> ('Decline of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Masāʾ</a></i> ('The Evening')</li> <li><i>Qabl al-<a href="/wiki/Maghrib_prayer" title="Maghrib prayer">Ghurūb</a></i> ('Before the Setting (of the Sun)') <ul><li><i>Al-Aṣīl</i> ('The Afternoon')</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Asr_prayer" title="Asr prayer">ʿAṣr</a></i> ('The Afternoon')</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i>Qabl ṭulūʿ ash-Shams</i> ('Before the rising of the Sun') <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Fajr_prayer" title="Fajr prayer">Fajr</a></i> ('The Dawn')</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Implied</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghadir_Khumm" title="Ghadir Khumm">Ghadir Khumm</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laylat_al-Mabit" class="mw-redirect" title="Laylat al-Mabit">Laylat al-Mabit</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Pilgrimage" title="First Pilgrimage">First Pilgrimage</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Islamic_holy_books" title="Islamic holy books">Holy books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Gospel_in_Islam" title="Gospel in Islam">Injīl</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> of Jesus)</li> <li><i>Al-<a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Qurʾān</a></i> (The Book of Muhammad)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Abraham" title="Scrolls of Abraham">Ṣuḥuf-i Ibrāhīm</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Abraham)</li> <li><i>At-<a href="/wiki/Torah_in_Islam" title="Torah in Islam">Tawrāt</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a>) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Scrolls_of_Moses" title="Scrolls of Moses">Ṣuḥuf-i-Mūsā</a></i> (Scroll(s) of Moses)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Az-<a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabūr</a></i> (The <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> of David)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavenly_Quran" title="Heavenly Quran">Umm al-Kitāb</a></i> ('Mother of the Book(s)')</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects <br />of people<br />or beings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Jesus_in_Islam" title="Disciples of Jesus in Islam">Heavenly food of Jesus' apostles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah%27s_Ark" title="Noah's Ark">Noah's Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staff_of_Moses" title="Staff of Moses">Staff of Musa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant#Quran" title="Ark of the Covenant">Tābūt as-Sakīnah</a></i> (Casket of Shekhinah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba#Qur'anic_account" title="Queen of Sheba">Throne of Bilqis</a></li> <li>Trumpet of Israfil</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mentioned_idols(cult_images)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mentioned idols<br />(cult images)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>'Ansāb</li> <li><i>Jibt</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Taghut" title="Taghut">Ṭāghūt</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/False_god" title="False god">False god</a>)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Israelites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baal#In_Islam" title="Baal">Baʿal</a></li> <li>The <i>ʿijl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Golden_calf" title="Golden calf">golden calf</a> statue) of Israelites</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Noah's people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nasr_(deity)" title="Nasr (deity)">Nasr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwa%27" title="Suwa'">Suwāʿ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadd" title="Wadd">Wadd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagh%C5%ABth" title="Yaghūth">Yaghūth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ya%27uq" title="Ya'uq">Yaʿūq</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Of Quraysh</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Al-Lat" title="Al-Lat">Al-Lāt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Uzza" title="Al-Uzza">Al-ʿUzzā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manat_(goddess)" title="Manat (goddess)">Manāt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Celestial<br /> bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i>Maṣābīḥ</i> (literally 'lamps'): <ul><li><i>Al-Qamar</i> (The Moon)</li> <li><i>Kawākib</i> (Planets) <ul><li><i>Al-Arḍ</i> (The Earth)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Nujūm</i> (Stars) <ul><li><i>Ash-Shams</i> (The Sun)</li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plant matter</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i>Baṣal</i> (Onion)</li> <li><i>Fūm</i> (Garlic or wheat)</li> <li><i>Shaṭʾ</i> (Shoot)</li> <li><i>Sūq</i> (Plant stem)</li> <li><i>Zarʿ</i> (Seed)</li> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fruits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>ʿAdas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">Lentil</a>)</li> <li><i>Baql</i> (Herb)</li> <li><i>Qith-thāʾ</i> (<a href="/wiki/Cucumber" title="Cucumber">Cucumber</a>)</li> <li><i>Rummān</i> (<a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate</a>)</li> <li><i>Tīn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Fig" title="Fig">Fig</a>)</li> <li><i>Zaytūn</i> (<a href="/wiki/Olive" title="Olive">Olive</a>)</li> <li>In Paradise <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_fruit#Islamic_tradition" title="Forbidden fruit">Forbidden fruit of Adam</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bushes, trees<br />or plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Plants of Sheba <ul><li><i>Athl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Tamarix" title="Tamarix">Tamarisk</a>)</li> <li><i>Sidr</i> (<a href="/wiki/Celtis_australis" title="Celtis australis">Lote-tree</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Līnah</i> (Tender <a href="/wiki/Arecaceae" title="Arecaceae">Palm tree</a>)</li> <li><i>Nakhl</i> (<a href="/wiki/Date_palm" title="Date palm">Date palm</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidrat_al-Muntaha" title="Sidrat al-Muntaha">Sidrat al-Muntahā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaqqum" title="Zaqqum">Zaqqūm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Māʾ</i> (Water or fluid) <ul><li><i>Nahr</i> (River)</li> <li><i>Yamm</i> (River or sea)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Sharāb</i> (Drink)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>Note:</b> Names are sorted alphabetically. Standard form: Islamic name / Biblical name (title or relationship)</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ark_of_the_Covenant_topics" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Template:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Template talk:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ark of the Covenant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ark_of_the_Covenant_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Israel" title="High Priest of Israel">High Priest of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levite" title="Levite">Levites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bezalel" title="Bezalel">Bezalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Tribe of Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oholiab" title="Oholiab">Oholiab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kehath" title="Kehath">Kehath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Levi" title="Tribe of Levi">Tribe of Levi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzzah" title="Uzzah">Uzzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Menelik I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lid</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_seat" title="Mercy seat">Mercy seat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherub" title="Cherub">Cherub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Contents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tablets_of_Stone" title="Tablets of Stone">Tablets of Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten_Commandments" title="Ten Commandments">Ten Commandments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manna" title="Manna">Manna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron%27s_rod" title="Aaron's rod">Aaron's rod</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai" title="Mount Sinai">Mount Sinai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Sinai_(bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mount Sinai (bible)">Biblical Mount Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Horeb" title="Mount Horeb">Mount Horeb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jericho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_of_Holies" title="Holy of Holies">Holy of Holies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabernacle" title="Tabernacle">Tabernacle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ai_(Canaan)" title="Ai (Canaan)">Ai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeah" title="Gibeah">Gibeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Gilgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eben-Ezer" title="Eben-Ezer">Eben-Ezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistine_captivity_of_the_Ark" title="Philistine captivity of the Ark">Philistia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beth Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiriath-Jearim" title="Kiriath-Jearim">Kiriath-Jearim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Mount" title="Temple Mount">Temple Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dome_of_the_Rock" title="Dome of the Rock">Dome of the Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well_of_Souls" title="Well of Souls">Well of Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartres_Cathedral" title="Chartres Cathedral">Cathedral of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tana_Qirqos" title="Tana Qirqos">Tana Qirqos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_Mary_of_Zion" title="Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion">Church of Our Lady Mary of Zion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sign_and_the_Seal" title="The Sign and the Seal">The Sign and the Seal</a></i> (1992 book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5687#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4028579-0">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82056739">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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