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</ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight_testing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight_testing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Flight testing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flight_testing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Design </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Design-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Design subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Airframe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airframe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Airframe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airframe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Elliptical_wing_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Elliptical_wing_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Elliptical wing design </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Elliptical_wing_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Improved_late_wing_designs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Improved_late_wing_designs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Improved late wing designs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Improved_late_wing_designs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Carburation_versus_fuel_injection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Carburation_versus_fuel_injection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Carburation versus fuel injection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Carburation_versus_fuel_injection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Armament" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Armament"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Armament </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Armament-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operational_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operational_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Operational history </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Operational history subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Operational_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Service_operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Service_operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Service operations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Service_operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speed_and_altitude_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speed_and_altitude_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Speed and altitude records </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speed_and_altitude_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Variants </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variants-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Variants subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Overview" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overview"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Overview </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overview-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seafire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seafire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Seafire </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seafire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Griffon-engined_variants" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Griffon-engined_variants"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Griffon-engined variants </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Griffon-engined_variants-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Operators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Operators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surviving_aircraft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surviving_aircraft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Surviving aircraft </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Surviving aircraft subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Surviving_aircraft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Search_for_reported_surviving_Spitfires_in_Burma" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Search_for_reported_surviving_Spitfires_in_Burma"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Search for reported surviving Spitfires in Burma </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Search_for_reported_surviving_Spitfires_in_Burma-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Memorials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restorations_and_replicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restorations_and_replicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Restorations and replicas </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restorations_and_replicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_appearances_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_appearances_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Notable appearances in media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_appearances_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specifications_(Spitfire_Mk_Vb)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications_(Spitfire_Mk_Vb)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Specifications (Spitfire Mk Vb) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications_(Spitfire_Mk_Vb)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Supermarine Spitfire</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 56 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-56" aria-hidden="true" > 56 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="سوبرمارين سبتفاير – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سوبرمارين سبتفاير" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%AB%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="সুপারম্যারিন স্পিটফায়ার – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="সুপারম্যারিন স্পিটফায়ার" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%81%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="سوپرمارین اسپیت‌فایر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوپرمارین اسپیت‌فایر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8A%88%ED%8D%BC%EB%A7%88%EB%A6%B0_%EC%8A%A4%ED%94%BC%ED%8A%B8%ED%8C%8C%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B4" title="슈퍼마린 스피트파이어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="슈퍼마린 스피트파이어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%98%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8" title="סופרמרין ספיטפייר – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סופרמרין ספיטפייר" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%80%E0%B5%BB_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AB%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BC" title="സൂപ്പർമറീൻ സ്പിറ്റ്ഫയർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൂപ്പർമറീൻ സ്പിറ്റ്ഫയർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B0" title="सुपरमरीन स्पिटफायर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="सुपरमरीन स्पिटफायर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%85%E1%80%95%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%96%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC%E1%80%89%E1%80%BA" title="စပစ်ဖိုင်းယား လေယာဉ် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="စပစ်ဖိုင်းယား လေယာဉ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3_%E3%82%B9%E3%83%94%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%83%95%E3%82%A1%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A2" title="スーパーマリンスピットファイア – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スーパーマリンスピットファイア" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Супермарин спитфајер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Супермарин спитфајер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99_%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ซูเปอร์มารีน สปิตไฟร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซูเปอร์มารีน สปิตไฟร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Spitfire – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Supermarine Spitfire" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfires&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarine Spitfires">Supermarine Spitfires</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British single-seat WWII fighter aircraft</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Spitfire" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Spitfire_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Spitfire (disambiguation)">Spitfire (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%;">Spitfire </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_-_Season_Premiere_Airshow_2018_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Spitfire_-_Season_Premiere_Airshow_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-Spitfire_-_Season_Premiere_Airshow_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Spitfire_-_Season_Premiere_Airshow_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-Spitfire_-_Season_Premiere_Airshow_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Spitfire_-_Season_Premiere_Airshow_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-Spitfire_-_Season_Premiere_Airshow_2018_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3811" data-file-height="2768" /></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;">Spitfire LF Mk IX, MH434 in 2018 in the markings of its original unit <a href="/wiki/No._222_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 222 Squadron RAF">No. 222 Squadron RAF</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Role </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighter</a> / <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">Interceptor</a> aircraft<div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Type of aircraft</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>National origin </th> <td>United Kingdom </td></tr> <tr> <th>Manufacturer </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Designer </th> <td><a href="/wiki/R._J._Mitchell" title="R. J. Mitchell">R. J. Mitchell</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>First flight </th> <td>5 March 1936<a href="#cite_note-Ethell_p._12-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Introduction </th> <td>4 August 1938<a href="#cite_note-Ethell_p._12-1">[1]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Retired </th> <td>1961 (<a href="/wiki/Irish_Air_Corps" title="Irish Air Corps">Irish Air Corps</a>)<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Primary users </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Air Force">Free French Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a></li></ul> </div> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Produced </th> <td>1938–1948 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Number built </th> <td>More than 20,351<a href="#cite_note-Ethell_p._117-3">[3]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Variants </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Supermarine Seafire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Developed into </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spiteful" title="Supermarine Spiteful">Supermarine Spiteful</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="33" data-mwtitle="Spitfire_fly_past_at_RAF_Halton.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Spitfire_fly_past_at_RAF_Halton.ogg"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e5/Spitfire_fly_past_at_RAF_Halton.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/Spitfire_fly_past_at_RAF_Halton.ogg/Spitfire_fly_past_at_RAF_Halton.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption>Audio recording of Spitfire fly-past at the 2011 family day at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Halton" title="RAF Halton">RAF Halton</a>, Buckinghamshire</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm/220px--Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="391" data-durationhint="26" data-mwtitle="Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="270" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="406" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1080" data-height="1920" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="608" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="136" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm/Spitfire_G-AWGB_landing_at_Biggin_Hill_airfield.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="202" data-height="360" /></video><figcaption>Supermarine Spitfire G-AWGB landing at <a href="/wiki/London_Biggin_Hill_Airport" title="London Biggin Hill Airport">Biggin Hill Airport</a>, June 2024</figcaption></figure> The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">fighter aircraft</a> used by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> countries before, during, and after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. It was the only British fighter produced continuously throughout the war. The Spitfire remains popular among enthusiasts. Around <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Supermarine_Spitfires" title="List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires">70 remain airworthy</a>, and many more are static exhibits in aviation museums throughout the world. The Spitfire was designed as a short-range, high-performance <a href="/wiki/Interceptor_aircraft" title="Interceptor aircraft">interceptor aircraft</a> by <a href="/wiki/R._J._Mitchell" title="R. J. Mitchell">R. J. Mitchell</a>, chief designer at <a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a> Aviation Works, which operated as a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers-Armstrong">Vickers-Armstrong</a> from 1928. Mitchell developed the Spitfire's distinctive <a href="/wiki/Elliptical_wing" title="Elliptical wing">elliptical wing</a> (designed by <a href="/wiki/Beverley_Shenstone" title="Beverley Shenstone">Beverley Shenstone</a>) with innovative sunken rivets to have the thinnest possible cross-section, achieving a potential top speed greater than that of several contemporary fighter aircraft, including the <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a>. Mitchell continued to refine the design until his death in 1937, whereupon his colleague <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith_(aircraft_designer)" title="Joseph Smith (aircraft designer)">Joseph Smith</a> took over as chief designer. Smith oversaw the Spitfire's development through <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_variants:_specifications,_performance_and_armament" title="Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament">many variants</a>, from the Mk 1 to the Rolls-Royce Griffon-engined Mk 24, using several wing configurations and guns. The original <a href="/wiki/Airframe" title="Airframe">airframe</a> was designed to be powered by a <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">Rolls-Royce Merlin</a> engine producing 1,030 <a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">hp</a> (768 kW). It was strong enough and adaptable enough to use increasingly powerful Merlins, and in later marks, <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Griffon" title="Rolls-Royce Griffon">Rolls-Royce Griffon</a> engines producing up to 2,340 hp (1,745 kW). As a result, the Spitfire's performance and capabilities improved over the course of its service life. During the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a> (July–October 1940), the more numerous Hurricane flew more sorties resisting the <a href="/wiki/Luftwaffe" title="Luftwaffe">Luftwaffe</a>, but the Spitfire captured the public's imagination as the main RAF fighter, in part because the Spitfire was generally a better fighter aircraft than the Hurricane. Spitfire units had a lower attrition rate and a higher victory-to-loss ratio than Hurricanes, most likely due to the Spitfire's higher performance. During the battle, Spitfires generally engaged Luftwaffe fighters—mainly <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109_variants#Bf_109E" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109 variants">Messerschmitt Bf 109E</a>–series aircraft, which were a close match for them. After the Battle of Britain, the Spitfire superseded the Hurricane as the principal aircraft of <a href="/wiki/RAF_Fighter_Command" title="RAF Fighter Command">RAF Fighter Command</a>, and it was used in the <a href="/wiki/European_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="European theatre of World War II">European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_and_Middle_East_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="Mediterranean and Middle East theatre of World War II">Mediterranean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific</a>, and <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asian_theatre_of_World_War_II" title="South-East Asian theatre of World War II">South-East Asian</a> theatres. Much loved by its pilots, the Spitfire operated in several roles, including interceptor, photo-reconnaissance, fighter-bomber, and trainer, and it continued to do so until the 1950s. The <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Seafire</a> was an aircraft carrier–based adaptation of the Spitfire, used in the <a href="/wiki/Fleet_Air_Arm" title="Fleet Air Arm">Fleet Air Arm</a> from 1942 until the mid-1950s. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development_and_production">Development and production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Development and production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supermarine_Type_224.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Supermarine_Type_224.jpg/220px-Supermarine_Type_224.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Supermarine_Type_224.jpg/330px-Supermarine_Type_224.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Supermarine_Type_224.jpg/440px-Supermarine_Type_224.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1103" data-file-height="380" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_224" title="Supermarine Type 224">Supermarine Type 224</a></figcaption></figure> In 1931, the Air Ministry released <a href="/wiki/List_of_Air_Ministry_specifications" title="List of Air Ministry specifications">specification F7/30</a>, calling for a modern fighter capable of a flying speed of 250 mph (400 km/h) to replace the <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Gauntlet" title="Gloster Gauntlet">Gloster Gauntlet</a> biplane. R. J. Mitchell designed the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_224" title="Supermarine Type 224">Supermarine Type 224</a> to fill this role in competition with the <a href="/wiki/Blackburn_F.3" title="Blackburn F.3">Blackburn F.3</a> and <a href="/wiki/Westland_F.7/30" title="Westland F.7/30">Westland F.7/30</a> and privately funded designs from Gloster. The 224 was an open-cockpit monoplane with bulky gull wings and a large, fixed, spatted <a href="/wiki/Landing_gear" title="Landing gear">undercarriage</a> powered by the 600-horsepower (450 kW), <a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooling_(engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Evaporative cooling (engine)">evaporatively cooled</a> <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Goshawk" title="Rolls-Royce Goshawk">Rolls-Royce Goshawk</a> engine.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> It made its first flight in February 1934.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews_Supermarine,_p._206-5">[5]</a> Of the seven designs tendered to F7/30, the <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Gladiator" title="Gloster Gladiator">Gloster Gladiator</a> biplane was accepted for service.<a href="#cite_note-document_p._16-6">[6]</a> The Type 224 was a big disappointment to Mitchell and his design team, who immediately embarked on a series of "cleaned-up" designs, using their experience with the <a href="/wiki/Schneider_Trophy" title="Schneider Trophy">Schneider Trophy</a> seaplanes as a starting point.<a href="#cite_note-document_p._16-6">[6]</a> This led to the Type 300, with retractable undercarriage and a wingspan reduced by 6 ft (1.8 m). This design was submitted to the Air Ministry in July 1934, but was not accepted.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> It then went through a series of changes, including the incorporation of an enclosed cockpit, oxygen-breathing apparatus, smaller and thinner wings, and the newly developed, more powerful Rolls-Royce <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin">PV XII</a> V-12 engine<a href="#cite_note-8">[nb 1]</a>, which was later named the "Merlin". In November 1934, Mitchell, with the backing of Supermarine's owner <a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers-Armstrong">Vickers-Armstrong</a>, started detailed design work on this refined version of the Type 300.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> On 1 December 1934, the Air Ministry issued contract AM 361140/34, providing £10,000 for the construction of Mitchell's improved Type 300 design.<a href="#cite_note-document_p._20-10">[9]</a> In April 1935 Ralph Sorley spoke to Mitchell about the new specification F10/35 which called for armament of at least six and preferably eight guns while at the same time removing bomb carry requirement and reducing fuel capacity. Mitchell foresaw no problem adding the guns and welcomed the reduction which would reduce weight. A specification for an eight gun fighter, F5/34 had come from a recommendation by Squadron Leader <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Sorley" title="Ralph Sorley">Ralph Sorley</a> of the Operational Requirements section at the Air Ministry.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_2006,_pp._37–38-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> In the redesign the change was made from <a href="/wiki/Vickers_machine_gun" title="Vickers machine gun">Vickers machine guns</a> to .303 in (7.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/M1919_Browning_machine_gun" title="M1919 Browning machine gun">Brownings)</a>,<a href="#cite_note-document_p._32-13">[12]</a> and the fuel tankage dropped to 75 gallons from 94.<a href="#cite_note-14">[13]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Prototype_Spitfire_K5054.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prototype_Spitfire_K5054.jpg/220px-Prototype_Spitfire_K5054.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prototype_Spitfire_K5054.jpg/330px-Prototype_Spitfire_K5054.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Prototype_Spitfire_K5054.jpg/440px-Prototype_Spitfire_K5054.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="821" /></a><figcaption>Spitfire prototype K5054</figcaption></figure> On 5 March 1936,<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[nb 2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_prototype_K5054" title="Supermarine Spitfire prototype K5054">the prototype (K5054)</a>, fitted with a fine-pitch propeller to give more power for takeoff, took off on its first flight from <a href="/wiki/Southampton_Airport" title="Southampton Airport">Eastleigh Aerodrome</a> (later <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a> Airport). At the controls was <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Summers" title="Joseph Summers">Captain Joseph "Mutt" Summers</a>, chief test pilot for Vickers, who is quoted as saying, "don't touch anything" on landing.<a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[nb 3]</a> This eight-minute flight<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_2006,_pp._37–38-11">[10]</a> came four months after the maiden flight of the contemporary Hurricane.<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> K5054 was fitted with a new propeller, and Summers flew the aircraft on 10 March 1936; during this flight, the undercarriage was retracted for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-21">[18]</a> After the fourth flight, a new engine was fitted, and Summers left the test flying to his assistants, <a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Quill" title="Jeffrey Quill">Jeffrey Quill</a> and George Pickering. They soon discovered that the Spitfire<a href="#cite_note-26">[nb 4]</a><a href="#cite_note-McKinstry_2007,_p._55.-24">[21]</a> was a very capable aircraft, but not perfect. The rudder was oversensitive, and the top speed was just 330 mph (528 km/h), little faster than <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Camm" title="Sydney Camm">Sydney Camm</a>'s new Merlin-powered Hurricane.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> A new and better-shaped, two-bladed, wooden propeller allowed the Spitfire to reach 348 mph (557 km/h) in level flight in mid-May, when Summers flew K5054 to <a href="/wiki/RAF_Martlesham_Heath" title="RAF Martlesham Heath">RAF Martlesham Heath</a> and handed the aircraft over to Squadron Leader Anderson of the <a href="/wiki/Aeroplane_%26_Armament_Experimental_Establishment" class="mw-redirect" title="Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment">Aeroplane & Armament Experimental Establishment</a> (A&AEE). Here, Flight Lieutenant Humphrey Edwardes-Jones took over the prototype for the RAF.<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> He had been given orders to fly the aircraft and then to make his report to the Air Ministry on landing. Edwardes-Jones' report was positive; his only request was that the Spitfire be equipped with an undercarriage position indicator.<a href="#cite_note-29">[25]</a> A week later, on 3 June 1936, the Air Ministry placed an order for 310 Spitfires,<a href="#cite_note-30">[26]</a> at a cost of <a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>1,395,000.<a href="#cite_note-Price_p._61-31">[27]</a> before the A&AEE had issued any formal report. Interim reports were later issued on a piecemeal basis.<a href="#cite_note-price_document,_p._25_9-32">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Initial_production">Initial production</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Initial production">edit</a>]</div> The British public first saw the Spitfire at the <a href="/wiki/Hendon_Aerodrome" title="Hendon Aerodrome">RAF Hendon</a> air display on Saturday 27 June 1936. Although full-scale production was supposed to begin immediately, numerous problems could not be overcome for some time, and the first production Spitfire, K9787, did not roll off the <a href="/wiki/Woolston,_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Woolston, Hampshire">Woolston</a>, Southampton assembly line until mid-1938.<a href="#cite_note-Ethell_p._12-1">[1]</a> In February 1936, the director of Vickers-Armstrongs, Sir Robert MacLean guaranteed production of five aircraft a week, beginning 15 months after an order was placed. On 3 June 1936, the Air Ministry placed an order for 310 aircraft. Full-scale production of the Spitfire began at Supermarine's facility in Woolston, but the order clearly could not be completed in the 15 months promised. Supermarine was a small company, already busy building <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">Walrus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">Stranraer</a> flying boats, and Vickers was busy building <a href="/wiki/Vickers_Wellington" title="Vickers Wellington">Wellington</a> bombers.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The initial solution was to subcontract the work.<a href="#cite_note-Price_p._61-31">[27]</a> Although outside contractors were supposed to be involved in manufacturing many important Spitfire components, especially the wings, Vickers-Armstrongs (the parent company) was reluctant to see the Spitfire being manufactured by outside concerns, and was slow to release the necessary blueprints and subcomponents.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-33">[29]</a> As a result of the delays in getting the Spitfire into full production, the Air Ministry put forward a plan that its production be stopped after the initial order for 310, after which Supermarine would build <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">Bristol Beaufighters</a>. The managements of Supermarine and Vickers were able to convince the Air Ministry that production problems could be overcome, and a further order was placed for 200 Spitfires on 24 March 1938. The two orders covered the K, L, and N prefix serial numbers.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-33">[29]</a> The first production Spitfire came off the assembly line in mid-1938<a href="#cite_note-Ethell_p._12-1">[1]</a> and was flown by Jeffrey Quill on 15 May 1938, almost 24 months after the initial order.<a href="#cite_note-34">[30]</a> The final cost of the first 310 aircraft, after delays and increased programme costs, came to £1,870,242 or £1,533 more per aircraft than originally estimated.<a href="#cite_note-Price_p._67-35">[31]</a> A production aircraft cost about £9,500. The most expensive components were the hand-fabricated and finished fuselage at roughly £2,500, then the Rolls-Royce Merlin engine at £2,000, followed by the wings at £1,800 a pair, guns and undercarriage, both at £800 each, and the propeller at £350.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_2006,_p._61-36">[32]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manufacturing_at_Castle_Bromwich,_Birmingham">Manufacturing at Castle Bromwich, Birmingham</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Manufacturing at Castle Bromwich, Birmingham">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Assembly" title="Castle Bromwich Assembly">Castle Bromwich Assembly</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_IIA_P7666.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spitfire_IIA_P7666.jpg/220px-Spitfire_IIA_P7666.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spitfire_IIA_P7666.jpg/330px-Spitfire_IIA_P7666.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Spitfire_IIA_P7666.jpg/440px-Spitfire_IIA_P7666.jpg 2x" data-file-width="899" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>Spitfire Mk IIA, P7666, EB-Z, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Observer_Corps" title="Royal Observer Corps">Royal Observer Corps</a>, was built at Castle Bromwich, and delivered to <a href="/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 41 Squadron RAF">41 Squadron</a> on 23 November 1940.<a href="#cite_note-37">[nb 5]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1935, the Air Ministry approached <a href="/wiki/Morris_Motors" title="Morris Motors">Morris Motors</a> Limited to ask how quickly their <a href="/wiki/Plant_Oxford" title="Plant Oxford">Cowley plant</a> could be turned to aircraft production. In 1936, this informal request for major manufacturing facilities was replaced by a formal scheme, known as the <a href="/wiki/Shadow_factory_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow factory plan">shadow factory plan</a>, to boost British aircraft production capacity under the leadership of <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Austin" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert Austin">Herbert Austin</a>. He was given the task of building nine new factories, and to supplement the British car-manufacturing industry by either adding to overall capacity or increasing the potential for reorganisation to produce aircraft and their engines.<a href="#cite_note-Philpott2006-38">[33]</a> In 1938, construction began on the <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Assembly" title="Castle Bromwich Assembly">Castle Bromwich Aircraft Factory</a> (CBAF), next to the <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich_Aerodrome" title="Castle Bromwich Aerodrome">aerodrome</a>, and the installation of the most modern <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tools</a> then available began two months after work started on the site.<a href="#cite_note-Price_p._67-35">[31]</a> Although Morris Motors, under <a href="/wiki/Lord_Nuffield" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Nuffield">Lord Nuffield</a> (an expert in mass motor-vehicle construction), managed and equipped the factory, it was funded by the government. By the beginning of 1939, the factory's original estimated cost of £2,000,000 had more than doubled,<a href="#cite_note-McKinstry_2007,_p._145-39">[34]</a> and even as the first Spitfires were being built in June 1940, the factory was still incomplete, and suffering from personnel problems. The Spitfire's stressed-skin construction required precision engineering skills and techniques that were beyond the capabilities of the local labour force, and some time was required to retrain them. Difficulties arose with management, who ignored Supermarine's tooling and drawings in favour of their own, and the workforce continually threatened strikes or "slow downs" until their demands for higher wages were met.<a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a> In spite of promises that the factory would be producing 60 per week starting in April, by May 1940, Castle Bromwich had not yet built its first Spitfire.<a href="#cite_note-McKinstry_2007,_p._145-39">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Corduroy2017-41">[36]</a> On 17 May, Minister of Aircraft Production <a href="/wiki/Max_Aitken,_1st_Baron_Beaverbrook" title="Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook">Lord Beaverbrook</a> telephoned Lord Nuffield and manoeuvred him into handing over control of the Castle Bromwich plant to his ministry.<a href="#cite_note-42">[37]</a> Beaverbrook immediately sent in experienced management staff and workers from Supermarine, and gave control of the factory to Vickers-Armstrongs. Although resolving the problems took time, in June 1940, 10 <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_variants" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarine Spitfire variants">Mk IIs</a> were built; 23 rolled out in July, 37 in August, and 56 in September.<a href="#cite_note-43">[38]</a> By the time production ended at Castle Bromwich in June 1945, a total of 12,129 Spitfires (921 Mk IIs,<a href="#cite_note-Air_International_1985-44">[39]</a> 4,489 Mk Vs, 5,665 Mk IXs,<a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> and 1,054 Mk XVIs<a href="#cite_note-Air_International_1985-44">[39]</a>) had been built, at a maximum rate of 320 per month, making CBAF the largest Spitfire factory in the UK and the largest and most successful plant of its type during the 1939–45 conflict.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_dispersal">Production dispersal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Production dispersal">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_mk11_pl965_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spitfire_mk11_pl965_arp.jpg/220px-Spitfire_mk11_pl965_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spitfire_mk11_pl965_arp.jpg/330px-Spitfire_mk11_pl965_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Spitfire_mk11_pl965_arp.jpg/440px-Spitfire_mk11_pl965_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="1484" /></a><figcaption>This Spitfire PR Mk XI (PL965) was built at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Aldermaston" title="RAF Aldermaston">RAF Aldermaston</a> in southern England.</figcaption></figure> During the Battle of Britain, the Luftwaffe made concerted efforts to destroy the main manufacturing plants at Woolston and <a href="/wiki/River_Itchen,_Hampshire" title="River Itchen, Hampshire">Itchen</a>, near Southampton. The first bombing raid, which missed the factories, came on 23 August 1940. Over the next month, other raids were mounted, until, on 26 September 1940, both factories were destroyed,<a href="#cite_note-Price_p._115-46">[41]</a> with 92 people killed and a large number injured. Most of the casualties were experienced aircraft-production workers.<a href="#cite_note-Smallwood_1996-47">[42]</a> Fortunately for the future of the Spitfire, many of the production jigs and machine tools had already been relocated by 20 September, and steps were being taken to disperse production to small facilities throughout the Southampton area.<a href="#cite_note-Price_p._115-46">[41]</a> To this end, the British government requisitioned the likes of Vincent's Garage in Station Square, <a href="/wiki/Reading,_Berkshire" title="Reading, Berkshire">Reading</a>, which later specialised in manufacturing Spitfire fuselages, and Anna Valley Motors, <a href="/wiki/Salisbury" title="Salisbury">Salisbury</a>,<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> which was to become the sole producer of the wing leading-edge fuel tanks for photo-reconnaissance Spitfires.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews_Supermarine_p._3412-49">[44]</a> A purpose-built works, specialising in manufacturing fuselages and installing engines, was built at Star Road, <a href="/wiki/Caversham,_Berkshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Caversham, Berkshire">Caversham</a> in Reading.<a href="#cite_note-Smallwood_1996-47">[42]</a> The drawing office in which all Spitfire designs were drafted was moved to <a href="/wiki/Hursley_House" title="Hursley House">Hursley Park</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Winchester" title="Winchester">Winchester</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews_Supermarine_p._10-50">[45]</a> This site also had an aircraft assembly hangar where many prototype and experimental Spitfires were assembled, but since it had no associated aerodrome, no Spitfires ever flew from Hursley.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Four towns and their satellite airfields were chosen to be the focal points for these workshops:<a href="#cite_note-Price_p._115-46">[41]</a> Southampton's Eastleigh Airport; Salisbury and the <a href="/wiki/RAF_High_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF High Post">High Post</a> and Chattis Hill<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[nb 6]</a> aerodromes; <a href="/wiki/Trowbridge" title="Trowbridge">Trowbridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/RAF_Keevil" title="RAF Keevil">RAF Keevil</a>;<a href="#cite_note-53">[47]</a> and Reading's <a href="/wiki/Henley-on-Thames" title="Henley-on-Thames">Henley</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aldermaston" title="Aldermaston">Aldermaston</a> aerodromes. Completed Spitfires were delivered to the airfields on <a href="/wiki/Commer" title="Commer">Commer</a> "<a href="/wiki/Queen_Mary_trailer" title="Queen Mary trailer">Queen Mary</a>" low-loader trailers, there to be fully assembled, tested, then passed on to the RAF.<a href="#cite_note-Smallwood_1996-47">[42]</a> An experimental factory at <a href="/wiki/Newbury,_Berkshire" title="Newbury, Berkshire">Newbury</a> was the subject of a Luftwaffe daylight raid, but the bombs missed their target and hit a nearby school.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flight_testing">Flight testing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Flight testing">edit</a>]</div> All production aircraft were flight tested before delivery. During the Second World War, Jeffrey Quill was Vickers Supermarine's chief test pilot, in charge of flight testing all aircraft types built by Vickers Supermarine. He oversaw a group of 10 to 12 pilots responsible for testing all developmental and production Spitfires built by the company in the Southampton area.<a href="#cite_note-54">[nb 7]</a> Quill devised the standard testing procedures, which with variations for specific aircraft designs operated from 1938.<a href="#cite_note-55">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Test-56">[49]</a> <a href="/wiki/Alex_Henshaw" title="Alex Henshaw">Alex Henshaw</a>, chief test pilot at Castle Bromwich from 1940, was placed in charge of testing all Spitfires built at that factory. He co-ordinated a team of 25 pilots and assessed all Spitfire developments. Between 1940 and 1946, Henshaw flew a total of 2,360 Spitfires and Seafires, more than 10% of total production.<a href="#cite_note-57">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-58">[51]</a> Henshaw wrote about flight testing Spitfires: <blockquote>After a thorough preflight check, I would take off, and once at circuit height, I would trim the aircraft and try to get her to fly straight and level with hands off the stick ... Once the trim was satisfactory, I would take the Spitfire up in a full-throttle climb at 2,850 rpm to the rated altitude of one or both supercharger blowers. Then I would make a careful check of the power output from the engine, calibrated for height and temperature ... If all appeared satisfactory, I would then put her into a dive at full power and 3,000 rpm, and trim her to fly hands and feet off at 460 mph (740 km/h) IAS (Indicated Air Speed). Personally, I never cleared a Spitfire unless I had carried out a few aerobatic tests to determine how good or bad she was. The production test was usually quite a brisk affair; the initial circuit lasted less than 10 minutes and the main flight took between 20 and 30 minutes. Then, the aircraft received a final once-over by our ground mechanics, any faults were rectified, and the Spitfire was ready for collection. I loved the Spitfire in all of her many versions, but I have to admit that the later marks, although they were faster than the earlier ones, were also much heavier, so did not handle so well. You did not have such positive control over them. One test of manoeuvrability was to throw her into a flick-roll and see how many times she rolled. With the Mark II or the Mark V one got two-and-a-half flick-rolls, but the Mark IX was heavier and you got only one-and-a-half. With the later and still heavier versions, one got even less. The essence of aircraft design is compromise, and an improvement at one end of the performance envelope is rarely achieved without a deterioration somewhere else.<a href="#cite_note-59">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-60">[53]</a></blockquote> When the last Spitfire rolled out in February 1948,<a href="#cite_note-61">[54]</a> a total of 20,351 examples of all variants had been built, including two-seat <a href="/wiki/Trainer_aircraft" title="Trainer aircraft">trainers</a>, with some Spitfires remaining in service well into the 1950s.<a href="#cite_note-Ethell_p._117-3">[3]</a> The Spitfire was the only British fighter aircraft to be in continuous production before, during, and after the Second World War.<a href="#cite_note-McKinstry_2007,_p._6-62">[55]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Design">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airframe">Airframe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Airframe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_mk2a_p7350_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Spitfire_mk2a_p7350_arp.jpg/220px-Spitfire_mk2a_p7350_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Spitfire_mk2a_p7350_arp.jpg/330px-Spitfire_mk2a_p7350_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Spitfire_mk2a_p7350_arp.jpg/440px-Spitfire_mk2a_p7350_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1305" data-file-height="1370" /></a><figcaption>Spitfire Mk IIa P7350 of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_Memorial_Flight" title="Battle of Britain Memorial Flight">BBMF</a> is the only existing airworthy Spitfire that fought in the Battle of Britain.</figcaption></figure> In the mid-1930s, aviation design teams worldwide began developing a new generation of fighter aircraft. The French <a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.520" title="Dewoitine D.520">Dewoitine D.520</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[56]</a> and the German <a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Messerschmitt Bf 109</a>, for example, were designed to take advantage of new techniques of <a href="/wiki/Monocoque" title="Monocoque">monocoque</a> construction, and the availability of new, high-powered, liquid-cooled, in-line aero engines. They also had refinements such as retractable undercarriages, fully enclosed cockpits, and low-drag, all-metal wings. These advances had been introduced on civil airliners years before, but were slow to be adopted by the military, who favoured the biplane's simplicity and manoeuvrability.<a href="#cite_note-64">[57]</a> Mitchell's design aims were to create a well-balanced, high-performance fighter aircraft capable of fully exploiting the power of the Merlin engine, while being relatively easy to fly.<a href="#cite_note-Price_2002,_p._20-65">[58]</a> At the time, with <a href="/wiki/Entente_Cordiale" title="Entente Cordiale">France as an ally</a>, and Germany thought to be the most likely future opponent, no enemy fighters were expected to appear over Great Britain. German bombers would have to fly to the UK over the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, and Germany did not have any single-engine fighters with the range to accompany them. To carry out the mission of home defence, the design was intended to allow the Spitfire to climb quickly to intercept enemy bombers.<a href="#cite_note-Bodie20-66">[59]</a> The Spitfire's airframe was complex. The streamlined, <a href="/wiki/Semi-monocoque" title="Semi-monocoque">semi-monocoque</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duralumin" title="Duralumin">duralumin-skinned</a> fuselage had a number of compound curves built up over a skeleton of 19 <a href="/wiki/Former" title="Former">formers</a>, also known as frames. These started from frame number one, immediately behind the propeller unit, to the tail unit attachment frame. The first four frames supported the glycol header tank and engine cowlings. Frame five, to which the engine bearers were secured, supported the weight of the engine and its accessories. This was a strengthened double frame which also incorporated the fireproof bulkhead, and in later versions of the Spitfire, the oil tank. This frame also tied the four main fuselage <a href="/wiki/Longeron" title="Longeron">longerons</a> to the rest of the airframe.<a href="#cite_note-67">[60]</a> Behind the bulkhead were five U-shaped half-frames which accommodated the fuel tanks and cockpit. The rear fuselage started at the 11th frame, to which the pilot's seat and (later) armour plating were attached, and ended at the 19th, which was mounted at a slight forward angle just forward of the fin. Each of these nine frames was oval, reducing in size towards the tail, and incorporated several <a href="/wiki/Lightening_holes" title="Lightening holes">lightening holes</a> to reduce their weight as much as possible without weakening them. The U-shaped frame 20 was the last frame of the fuselage proper and the frame to which the tail unit was attached. Frames 21, 22 and 23 formed the fin; frame 22 incorporated the tailwheel opening and frame 23 was the <a href="/wiki/Flight_control_surfaces" title="Flight control surfaces">rudder</a> post. Before being attached to the main fuselage, the tail unit frames were held in a jig and the eight horizontal tail formers were riveted to them.<a href="#cite_note-68">[61]</a> A combination of 14 longitudinal stringers and four main longerons attached to the frames helped form a light but rigid structure to which sheets of <a href="/wiki/Alclad" title="Alclad">alclad</a> stressed skinning were attached. The fuselage plating was 24, 20, and 18 <a href="/wiki/Sheet_metal" title="Sheet metal">gauge</a>, decreasing in order of thickness towards the tail, while the fin structure was completed using short longerons from frames 20 to 23, before being covered in 22 gauge plating.<a href="#cite_note-69">[62]</a> The skin of the fuselage, wings, and <a href="/wiki/Tailplane" title="Tailplane">tailplane</a> was secured by dome-headed rivets, and in critical areas such as the wing forward of the <a href="/wiki/Spar_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spar (aviation)">main spar</a> where an uninterrupted airflow was required, with flush rivets. From February 1943 flush riveting was used on the fuselage, affecting all Spitfire variants.<a href="#cite_note-70">[63]</a> In some areas, such as at the rear of the wing and the lower tailplane skins, the top was riveted and the bottom fixed by brass screws which tapped into strips of <a href="/wiki/Spruce" title="Spruce">spruce</a> bolted to the lower ribs. The removable wing tips were made up of duralumin-skinned spruce formers.<a href="#cite_note-71">[64]</a> At first, the ailerons, elevators, and rudder were fabric-covered, but once combat experience showed that fabric-covered ailerons were impossible to use at high speeds a light alloy replaced the fabric, enhancing control throughout the speed range.<a href="#cite_note-72">[65]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elliptical_wing_design">Elliptical wing design</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Elliptical wing design">edit</a>]</div> In 1934, Mitchell and the design staff decided to use a semi-elliptical wing shape to solve two conflicting requirements; the wing needed to be thin to avoid creating too much <a href="/wiki/Drag_(physics)" title="Drag (physics)">drag</a>, but it had to be thick enough to house the retractable undercarriage, armament, and ammunition. An elliptical planform is the most efficient aerodynamic shape for an untwisted wing, leading to the lowest amount of <a href="/wiki/Lift-induced_drag" title="Lift-induced drag">induced drag</a>. The ellipse was skewed so that the centre of pressure, which occurs at the quarter-<a href="/wiki/Chord_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chord (aircraft)">chord</a> position, aligned with the main spar, preventing the wings from twisting. Mitchell has sometimes been accused of copying the wing shape of the <a href="/wiki/Siegfried_and_Walter_G%C3%BCnter" title="Siegfried and Walter Günter">Günter brothers</a>-designed <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_70" class="mw-redirect" title="Heinkel He 70">Heinkel He 70</a>,<a href="#cite_note-73">[66]</a> which first flew in 1932, but as <a href="/wiki/Beverley_Shenstone" title="Beverley Shenstone">Beverley Shenstone</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Aerodynamics" title="Aerodynamics">aerodynamicist</a> on Mitchell's team, explained: "Our wing was much thinner and had quite a different section to that of the Heinkel. In any case, it would have been simply asking for trouble to have copied a wing shape from an aircraft designed for an entirely different purpose."<a href="#cite_note-document_pp._33–34-74">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[nb 8]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The elliptical wing was decided upon quite early on. Aerodynamically it was the best for our purpose because the induced drag caused in producing lift, was lowest when this shape was used: the ellipse was ... theoretically a perfection ... To reduce drag we wanted the lowest possible thickness-to-chord, consistent with the necessary strength. But near the root the wing had to be thick enough to accommodate the retracted undercarriages and the guns ... Mitchell was an intensely practical man ... The ellipse was simply the shape that allowed us the thinnest possible wing with room inside to carry the necessary structure and the things we wanted to cram in. And it looked nice.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Beverly Shenstone<a href="#cite_note-76">[68]</a></cite></div></blockquote> The wing section used was from the <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 2200 series</a>, which had been adapted to create a <a href="/wiki/Thickness-to-chord_ratio" title="Thickness-to-chord ratio">thickness-to-chord ratio</a> of 13% at the root, reducing to 9.4% at the tip.<a href="#cite_note-:0-77">[69]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Dihedral_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dihedral (aircraft)">dihedral</a> of 6° was adopted to give increased lateral stability.<a href="#cite_note-Price_2002,_p._20-65">[58]</a> A wing feature that contributed greatly to its success was an innovative spar boom design, made up of five square tubes that fitted into each other. As the wing thinned out along its span, the tubes were progressively cut away in a similar fashion to a <a href="/wiki/Leaf_spring" title="Leaf spring">leaf spring</a>; two of these booms were linked together by an alloy web, creating a lightweight and very strong main spar.<a href="#cite_note-Price_2002,_p._19.-78">[70]</a> The undercarriage legs were attached to pivot points built into the inner, rear section of the main spar, and retracted outwards and slightly backwards into wells in the non-load-carrying wing structure. The resultant narrow undercarriage track was considered an acceptable compromise as this reduced the bending loads on the main-spar during landing.<a href="#cite_note-Price_2002,_p._19.-78">[70]</a> Ahead of the spar, the thick-skinned leading edge of the wing formed a strong and rigid, D-shaped box, which took most of the wing loads. At the time the wing was designed, this D-shaped leading edge was intended to house steam condensers for the evaporative cooling system intended for the PV-XII. Constant problems with the evaporative system in the Goshawk led to the adoption of a cooling system which used 100% <a href="/wiki/Ethylene_glycol" title="Ethylene glycol">glycol</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[nb 9]</a> The radiators were housed in a new radiator-duct designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fredrick_Meredith&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fredrick Meredith (page does not exist)">Fredrick Meredith</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Establishment" title="Royal Aircraft Establishment">Royal Aircraft Establishment</a> (RAE) at <a href="/wiki/Farnborough,_Hampshire" title="Farnborough, Hampshire">Farnborough, Hampshire</a>. This used the <a href="/wiki/Meredith_Effect" class="mw-redirect" title="Meredith Effect">cooling air to generate thrust</a>, greatly reducing the net drag produced by the radiators.<a href="#cite_note-document_p._24-80">[71]</a> In turn, the leading-edge structure lost its function as a condenser, but it was later adapted to house integral fuel tanks of various sizes<a href="#cite_note-81">[72]</a>— a feature patented by Vickers-Supermarine in 1938.<a href="#cite_note-82">[73]</a> The airflow through the main radiator was controlled by <a href="/wiki/Pneumatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pneumatic">pneumatic</a> exit flaps. In early marks of the Spitfire (Mk I to Mk VI), the single flap was operated manually using a lever to the left of the pilot's seat. When the two-stage Merlin was introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin_powered_variants)" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin powered variants)">Spitfire Mk IX</a>, the radiators were split to make room for an intercooler radiator; the radiator under the starboard wing was halved in size and the intercooler radiator housed alongside. Under the port wing, a new radiator fairing housed a square oil cooler alongside of the other half-radiator unit. The two radiator flaps were now operated automatically by a <a href="/wiki/Thermostat" title="Thermostat">thermostat</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[74]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_mark19_ps853_planform_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Spitfire_mark19_ps853_planform_arp.jpg/220px-Spitfire_mark19_ps853_planform_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="234" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Spitfire_mark19_ps853_planform_arp.jpg/330px-Spitfire_mark19_ps853_planform_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Spitfire_mark19_ps853_planform_arp.jpg/440px-Spitfire_mark19_ps853_planform_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1282" data-file-height="1364" /></a><figcaption>The elliptical planform of a Spitfire PR.Mk.XIX displayed at an air show in 2008, with the black and white <a href="/wiki/Invasion_stripes" title="Invasion stripes">invasion stripes</a> visible</figcaption></figure> Another wing feature was its <a href="/wiki/Washout_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Washout (aviation)">washout</a>. The trailing edge of the wing twisted slightly upward along its span, the <a href="/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(aerodynamics)" title="Angle of incidence (aerodynamics)">angle of incidence</a> decreasing from +2° at its root to -½° at its tip.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews_super,_p._216-84">[75]</a> This caused the wing roots to <a href="/wiki/Stall_(aerodynamic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stall (aerodynamic)">stall</a> before the tips, reducing tip-stall that could otherwise have resulted in a wing drop, often leading to a spin. As the wing roots started to stall, the separating air stream started to buffet (vibrate) the aircraft, warning the pilot, allowing even relatively inexperienced pilots to fly it to the limits of its performance.<a href="#cite_note-85">[76]</a> This washout was first featured in the wing of the Type 224, and became a consistent feature in subsequent designs leading to the Spitfire.<a href="#cite_note-86">[77]</a> The complex wing design, especially the precision required to manufacture the vital spar and leading-edge structures, caused some major delays in the production of the Spitfire at first. The problems increased when the work was put out to subcontractors, most of whom had never dealt with metal-structured, high-speed aircraft. By June 1939, most of these problems had been resolved, and production was no longer held up by a lack of wings.<a href="#cite_note-87">[78]</a> All the main flight controls were originally metal structures with fabric covering.<a href="#cite_note-89">[nb 10]</a> Designers and pilots felt that having ailerons which required a degree of effort to move at high speed would avoid unintended aileron reversal, throwing the aircraft around and potentially pulling the wings off. Air combat was also felt to take place at relatively low speeds and high-speed manoeuvring would be physically impossible. Flight tests showed the fabric covering of the ailerons "ballooned" at high speeds, adversely affecting the aerodynamics. Replacing the fabric covering with light alloy dramatically improved the ailerons at high speed.<a href="#cite_note-90">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[81]</a> During the Battle of Britain, pilots found the Spitfire's ailerons were far too heavy at high speeds, severely restricting lateral manoeuvres such as rolls and high-speed turns, which were still a feature of air-to-air combat.<a href="#cite_note-92">[82]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg/220px-Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg/330px-Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg/440px-Spitfire_VII_Langley_USA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1561" /></a><figcaption>Spitfire HF Mk VII: the shape of the ellipse was altered by the extended "pointed" wing tips used by the high-altitude Mk VIs, VIIs, and early Mk VIIIs.</figcaption></figure> The Spitfire had detachable wing tips which were secured by two mounting points at the end of each main wing assembly. When the Spitfire took on a role as a high-altitude fighter (Marks VI and VII and some early Mk VIIIs), the standard wing tips were replaced by extended, "pointed" tips which increased the wingspan from 36 ft 10 in (11.23 m) to 40 ft 2 in (12.24 m).<a href="#cite_note-93">[83]</a> The other wing-tip variation, used by several Spitfire variants, was the "clipped" wing; the standard wing tips were replaced by wooden fairings which reduced the span by 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m).<a href="#cite_note-94">[84]</a> The wing tips used spruce formers for most of the internal structure with a light alloy skin attached using brass screws.<a href="#cite_note-95">[85]</a> The light alloy <a href="/wiki/Flap_(aircraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flap (aircraft)">split flaps</a> at the trailing edge of the wing were also pneumatically operated via a finger lever on the instrument panel.<a href="#cite_note-96">[86]</a> Only two positions were available; fully up or fully down (85°). Flaps were normally lowered only during the final approach and for landing, and the pilot was to retract them before taxiing.<a href="#cite_note-97">[nb 11]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[87]</a> The ellipse also served as the design basis for the Spitfire's fin and tailplane assembly, once again exploiting the shape's favourable aerodynamic characteristics. Both the elevators and rudder were shaped so that their centre of mass was shifted forward, reducing control-surface flutter. The longer noses and greater propeller-wash resulting from larger engines in later models necessitated increasingly larger vertical, and later, horizontal tail surfaces to compensate for the altered aerodynamics, culminating in those of the Mk 22/24 series, which were 25% larger in area than those of the Mk I.<a href="#cite_note-99">[88]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Improved_late_wing_designs">Improved late wing designs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Improved late wing designs">edit</a>]</div> As the Spitfire gained more power and was able to manoeuvre at higher speeds, the possibility that pilots would encounter <a href="/wiki/Control_reversal" title="Control reversal">aileron reversal</a> increased, and the Supermarine design team set about redesigning the wings to counter this. The original wing design had a theoretical aileron reversal speed of 580 mph (500 kn; 930 km/h),<a href="#cite_note-Quill_1983,_p._272.-101">[90]</a> which was somewhat lower than that of some contemporary fighters. The Royal Aircraft Establishment noted that, at 400 mph (350 kn; 640 km/h) <a href="/wiki/Indicated_airspeed" title="Indicated airspeed">indicated airspeed</a>, roughly 65% of aileron effectiveness was lost due to wing twist.<a href="#cite_note-102">[91]</a> The new wing of the Spitfire F Mk 21 and its successors was designed to help alleviate this problem. Its stiffness was increased by 47%, and a new aileron design using <a href="/wiki/Hinge#Other_types" title="Hinge">piano hinges</a> and geared <a href="/wiki/Trim_tabs" class="mw-redirect" title="Trim tabs">trim tabs</a> meant the theoretical aileron reversal speed was increased to 825 mph (717 kn; 1,328 km/h).<a href="#cite_note-Quill_1983,_p._272.-101">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-103">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[93]</a> Alongside the redesigned wing, Supermarine also experimented with the original wing, raising the leading edge by 1 inch (25 mm), with the hope of improving pilot view and reducing drag. This wing was tested on a modified F Mk 21, also called the F Mk 23, (sometimes referred to as "Valiant" rather than "Spitfire"). The increase in performance was minimal and this experiment was abandoned.<a href="#cite_note-Price_WoF_pt2,_p._57-105">[94]</a> Supermarine developed a new <a href="/wiki/Laminar-flow" class="mw-redirect" title="Laminar-flow">laminar-flow</a> wing based on new aerofoil profiles developed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Advisory_Committee_for_Aeronautics" title="National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics">National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics</a> in the United States, with the objective of reducing drag and improving performance. These laminar-flow airfoils were the Supermarine 371-I used at the root and the 371-II used at the tip.<a href="#cite_note-:0-77">[69]</a> Supermarine estimated that the new wing could give an increase in speed of 55 mph (48 kn; 89 km/h) over the Spitfire Mk 21.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews&_Morgan,_p._264-106">[95]</a> The new wing was initially fitted to a Spitfire Mk XIV. Later, a new fuselage was designed, with the new fighter becoming the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spiteful" title="Supermarine Spiteful">Supermarine Spiteful</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews&Morgan_pp._264–6-107">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Carburation_versus_fuel_injection">Carburation versus fuel injection</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Carburation versus fuel injection">edit</a>]</div> The Rolls Royce engine's designers deliberately chose a carburettor for the Merlin engine: Sir <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Hooker" title="Stanley Hooker">Stanley Hooker</a> explained in his autobiography that "the Germans paid a large penalty for their fuel injection. When the fuel is fed before the supercharger, as on the Merlin, it evaporates and cools the air by 25°C. This cooling enhances the performance of the supercharger, and increases the power of the engine, with a corresponding increase in aircraft speed, particularly at high altitude."<a href="#cite_note-108">[97]</a> However, the early Merlin engine's lack of <a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">fuel injection</a> meant that Spitfires and Hurricanes, unlike the Bf 109E, were unable to simply nose down into a steep dive. This meant a Luftwaffe fighter could simply "bunt" into a high-power dive to escape an attack, leaving the Spitfire behind, as its fuel was forced out of the <a href="/wiki/Carburettor" class="mw-redirect" title="Carburettor">carburettor</a> by <a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force">negative "g"</a>. RAF fighter pilots soon learned to "half-roll" their aircraft before diving to pursue their opponents.<a href="#cite_note-109">[98]</a> In March 1941, a metal disc with a hole was fitted in the fuel line, restricting fuel flow to the maximum the engine could consume. While it did not cure the problem of the initial <a href="/wiki/Fuel_starvation" title="Fuel starvation">fuel starvation</a> in a dive, it did reduce the more serious problem of the carburettor being flooded with fuel by the fuel pumps under negative "g". Invented by <a href="/wiki/Beatrice_Shilling" title="Beatrice Shilling">Beatrice "Tilly" Shilling</a>, it became known as "<a href="/wiki/Miss_Shilling%27s_orifice" title="Miss Shilling's orifice">Miss Shilling's orifice</a>". Further improvements were introduced throughout the Merlin series, with <a href="/wiki/Bendix_Corporation" title="Bendix Corporation">Bendix</a>-manufactured <a href="/wiki/Pressure_carburettor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure carburettor">pressure carburettors</a>, designed to allow fuel to flow during all flight attitudes, introduced in 1942.<a href="#cite_note-McKinstry_2007,_p._206.-110">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Armament">Armament</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Armament">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_(At_Wright-Patterson).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Spitfire_%28At_Wright-Patterson%29.jpg/220px-Spitfire_%28At_Wright-Patterson%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Spitfire_%28At_Wright-Patterson%29.jpg/330px-Spitfire_%28At_Wright-Patterson%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Spitfire_%28At_Wright-Patterson%29.jpg/440px-Spitfire_%28At_Wright-Patterson%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Mk. Vc (Trop) built for Supermarine under license by <a href="/wiki/Vickers-Armstrongs" title="Vickers-Armstrongs">Vickers-Armstrong</a> in June 1943, on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the U.S. Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[100]</a></figcaption></figure> Due to a shortage of Brownings, which had been selected as the new standard rifle calibre machine gun for the RAF in 1934, early Spitfires were fitted with only four guns, with the other four fitted later.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_p._93-112">[101]</a> Early tests showed that, while the guns worked perfectly on the ground and at low altitudes, they tended to freeze at high altitude, especially the outer wing guns, because the RAF's Brownings had been modified to fire from an open bolt. While this prevented <a href="/wiki/Cooking_off" title="Cooking off">overheating</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Cordite" title="Cordite">cordite</a> used in British ammunition, it allowed cold air to flow through the barrel unhindered.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_pp._16,_93-94-113">[102]</a> Supermarine did not fix the problem until October 1938, when they added hot air ducts from the rear of the wing-mounted radiators to the guns, and bulkheads around the gunbays to trap the hot air in the wing. Red fabric patches were <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_dope" title="Aircraft dope">doped</a> over the gun ports to protect the guns from cold, dirt, and moisture until they were fired.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_pp._93–4-114">[103]</a> The decision on the arming of the Spitfire (and the Hurricane) is told in Captain C. H. Keith's book I Hold my Aim. Keith held various appointments with the RAF dealing with designing, development and technical policy of armament equipment. He organised a conference, with Air Commodore Tedder in the chair, on 19 July 1934. He says "I think it can be reasonably contended that the deliberations of that conference made possible, if not certain, of the winning of the Battle of Britain, almost exactly six years later".<a href="#cite_note-115">[104]</a> At that meeting, scientific officer <a href="/wiki/Frederick_William_Hill" title="Frederick William Hill">Captain F. W. "Gunner" Hill</a> presented charts based on his calculations showing that future fighters must carry no fewer than eight machine-guns, each of which must be capable of firing 1,000 shots a minute. Hill's assistant in making his calculations had been his <a href="/wiki/Hazel_Hill" title="Hazel Hill">teenage daughter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Keith_C.H._p._128-116">[105]</a> Even if the eight Brownings worked perfectly, pilots soon discovered that they were not sufficient to destroy larger aircraft. Combat reports showed that an average of 4,500 rounds were needed to shoot down an enemy aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_p._95-117">[106]</a> The main cause of this was the way the guns were mounted in the wing, allowing a dispersion of 1.1 metres at only 100 metres range. Perfectly aimed fire just missed the target because of this.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_p._95-117">[106]</a> In November 1938, tests against armoured and unarmoured targets had already indicated that the introduction of a weapon with a calibre of at least 20 mm was urgently needed.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_p._95-117">[106]</a> A variant on the Spitfire design with four 20 mm <a href="/wiki/Oerlikon_20_mm_cannon" title="Oerlikon 20 mm cannon">Oerlikon cannon</a> had been tendered to specification F37/35, but the order for prototypes had gone to the <a href="/wiki/Westland_Whirlwind_(fighter)" title="Westland Whirlwind (fighter)">Westland Whirlwind</a> in January 1939.<a href="#cite_note-118">[107]</a> In June 1939, a Spitfire was fitted with a drum-fed <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_HS.404#British_production" title="Hispano-Suiza HS.404">Hispano</a> in each wing, an installation that required large blisters on the wing to cover the 60-round drum, reducing speed by 8 mph (7.0 kn; 13 km/h). The cannon suffered frequent stoppages, mostly because the guns were mounted on their sides to fit as much of the magazine as possible within the wing. In January 1940, P/O George Proudman flew this prototype in combat, but the starboard gun stopped after firing a single round, while the port gun fired 30 rounds before seizing.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_pp._93–4-114">[103]</a> Nevertheless, 30 more cannon-armed Spitfires were ordered for operational trials, and they were soon known as the Mk IB, to distinguish them from the Browning-armed Mk IA; they were delivered to No. 19 Squadron beginning in June 1940. The Hispanos were found to be so unreliable that the squadron requested an exchange of its aircraft with the older Browning-armed aircraft of an operational training unit. By August, Supermarine had perfected a more reliable installation with an improved feed mechanism and four .303s in the outer wing panels. The modified fighters were then delivered to 19 Squadron.<a href="#cite_note-Williams_pp._93–4-114">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operational_history">Operational history</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Operational history">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Service_operations">Service operations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Service operations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_operational_history" title="Supermarine Spitfire operational history">Supermarine Spitfire operational history</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpitI19a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SpitI19a.jpg/220px-SpitI19a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SpitI19a.jpg/330px-SpitI19a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/SpitI19a.jpg/440px-SpitI19a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2472" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>K9795, the 9th production Mk I, with <a href="/wiki/No._19_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 19 Squadron RAF">19 Squadron</a> in 1938</figcaption></figure> The operational history of the Spitfire with the RAF began with the first Mk Is K9789, which entered service with <a href="/wiki/No._XIX_Squadron_RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="No. XIX Squadron RAF">19 Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/Duxford_Aerodrome" title="Duxford Aerodrome">RAF Duxford</a> on 4 August 1938.<a href="#cite_note-Price_p._67-35">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-119">[nb 12]</a> The Spitfire achieved legendary status during the Battle of Britain, a reputation aided by the "Spitfire Fund" organised and run by Lord Beaverbrook, the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Aircraft_Production" title="Minister of Aircraft Production">Minister of Aircraft Production</a>.<a href="#cite_note-120">[108]</a> In fact, the Hurricane outnumbered the Spitfire throughout the battle, and shouldered the burden of the defence against the Luftwaffe; however, because of its higher performance, the overall attrition rate of the Spitfire squadrons was lower than that of the Hurricane units, and the Spitfire units had a higher victory-to-loss ratio.<a href="#cite_note-121">[109]</a> The key aim of Fighter Command was to stop the Luftwaffe's bombers; in practice, whenever possible, the tactic was to use Spitfires to counter German escort fighters, by then based in northern France, particularly the Bf 109s, while the Hurricane squadrons attacked the bombers.<a href="#cite_note-122">[110]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_VC_103_MU.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Spitfire_VC_103_MU.jpg/220px-Spitfire_VC_103_MU.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Spitfire_VC_103_MU.jpg/330px-Spitfire_VC_103_MU.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Spitfire_VC_103_MU.jpg/440px-Spitfire_VC_103_MU.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="410" /></a><figcaption>Supermarine Spitfire Mk.VC, BR114, of the No 103 MU, Aboukir, 1942</figcaption></figure> Well-known Spitfire pilots included <a href="/wiki/Johnnie_Johnson_(RAF_officer)" title="Johnnie Johnson (RAF officer)">"Johnnie" Johnson</a>—34 enemy aircraft (e/a) shot down<a href="#cite_note-123">[111]</a>—who flew the Spitfire right through his operational career from late 1940 to 1945. <a href="/wiki/Douglas_Bader" title="Douglas Bader">Douglas Bader</a> (20 e/a) and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Stanford_Tuck" title="Robert Stanford Tuck">"Bob" Tuck</a> (27 e/a) flew Spitfires and Hurricanes during the major air battles of 1940. Both were shot down and became <a href="/wiki/Prisoners-of-war" class="mw-redirect" title="Prisoners-of-war">prisoners of war</a>, while flying Spitfires over France in 1941 and 1942.<a href="#cite_note-124">[112]</a> <a href="/wiki/Paddy_Finucane" title="Paddy Finucane">"Paddy" Finucane</a> (28–32 e/a) scored all his successes in the fighter before disappearing over the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> in July 1942.<a href="#cite_note-125">[113]</a> Some notable <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a> pilots were <a href="/wiki/George_Beurling" title="George Beurling">George Beurling</a> (31<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style>1⁄3 e/a) from Canada, <a href="/wiki/Adolph_Malan" class="mw-redirect" title="Adolph Malan">"Sailor" Malan</a> (27 e/a) from South Africa,<a href="#cite_note-126">[114]</a> New Zealanders <a href="/wiki/Alan_Christopher_Deere" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Christopher Deere">Alan Deere</a> (17 e/a) and <a href="/wiki/Colin_Falkland_Gray" title="Colin Falkland Gray">C F Gray</a> (27 e/a)<a href="#cite_note-127">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[116]</a> and the Australian Hugo Armstrong (12 e/a).<a href="#cite_note-129">[117]</a> The Spitfire continued to play increasingly diverse roles throughout the Second World War and beyond, often in air forces other than the RAF. For example, the Spitfire became the first high-speed <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">photo-reconnaissance</a> aircraft to be operated by the RAF. Sometimes unarmed, they flew at high, medium, and low altitudes, often ranging far into enemy territory to closely observe the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> and provide an almost continual flow of valuable intelligence information throughout the war.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 1941 and 1942, PRU Spitfires provided the first photographs of the <a href="/wiki/Freya_radar" title="Freya radar">Freya</a> and <a href="/wiki/W%C3%BCrzburg_radar" title="Würzburg radar">Würzburg radar</a> systems, and in 1943, helped confirm that the Germans were building the <a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">V1</a> and <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V2</a> <a href="/wiki/Vergeltungswaffen" class="mw-redirect" title="Vergeltungswaffen">Vergeltungswaffen</a> ("vengeance weapons") rockets by photographing <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde" title="Peenemünde">Peenemünde</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a> coast of Germany.<a href="#cite_note-130">[118]</a> In the Mediterranean, the Spitfire blunted the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Malta_(World_War_II)" title="Siege of Malta (World War II)">heavy attacks on Malta</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Regia_Aeronautica" title="Regia Aeronautica">Regia Aeronautica</a> and Luftwaffe, and from early 1943, helped pave the way for the Allied invasions of <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a> and Italy. On 7 March 1942, 15 Mk Vs carrying 90 imp gal (410 L; 110 US gal) fuel tanks under their bellies took off from <a href="/wiki/HMS_Eagle_(1918)" title="HMS Eagle (1918)">HMS Eagle</a> off the coast of Algeria on a 600-mile (970 km) flight to Malta.<a href="#cite_note-131">[119]</a> Those Spitfire Vs were the first to see service outside Britain.<a href="#cite_note-132">[120]</a> The Spitfire also served on the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">Eastern Front</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Forces" title="Soviet Air Forces">Soviet Air Force (VVS)</a>. The first deliveries of the Spitfire Mk VB variant took place at the start of 1943, with the first batch of 35 aircraft delivered via sea to the city of <a href="/wiki/Basra" title="Basra">Basra</a>, Iraq. A total of 143 aircraft and 50 furnished hulls (to be used for spare parts) followed by March of the same year. Though some aircraft were used for front line duty in 1943, most of them saw service with the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Air_Defence_Forces" title="Soviet Air Defence Forces">Protivo-Vozdushnaya Oborona</a> (English: "Anti-air Defence Branch").<a href="#cite_note-133">[121]</a> In 1944, the USSR received the substantially improved Mk IX variant, with the first aircraft delivered in February. Initially, these were refurbished aircraft, but subsequent shipments were factory new. A total of 1,185 aircraft of this model were delivered through Iran, Iraq and the <a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic</a> to northern Soviet ports. Two of these were the Spitfire HF Mk IX (high-altitude modification) while the remainder were the low-altitude LF Mk IX. The last <a href="/wiki/Lend-Lease" title="Lend-Lease">Lend-Lease</a> shipment carrying the Mk IX arrived at the port of <a href="/wiki/Severodvinsk" title="Severodvinsk">Severodvinsk</a> on 12 June 1945.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The Spitfire also served in the Pacific Theatre, meeting the Japanese <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_A6M_Zero" title="Mitsubishi A6M Zero">Mitsubishi A6M Zero</a>. <a href="/wiki/Claire_Lee_Chennault" title="Claire Lee Chennault">Lt. Gen. Claire Chennault</a> said: "The RAF pilots were trained in methods that were excellent against German and Italian equipment, but suicide against the acrobatic Japs."<a href="#cite_note-134">[122]</a> Although not as fast as the Spitfire, the Zero could out-turn the Spitfire, could sustain a climb at a very steep angle, and could stay in the air for three times as long.<a href="#cite_note-Spick_p.165-135">[123]</a> To counter the Zero, Spitfire pilots adopted a "slash and run" policy and used their faster speed and diving superiority to fight, while avoiding turning <a href="/wiki/Dogfight" title="Dogfight">dogfights</a>. The Allies achieved air superiority when the Mk VIII version was introduced to the theatre, replacing the earlier Mk V. In one memorable encounter, New Zealand ace <a href="/wiki/Alan_Peart" title="Alan Peart">Alan Peart</a> fought a solo dogfight against two dozen Japanese aircraft attacking the Broadway airstrip, shooting down one.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]<a href="#cite_note-136">[124]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_PA944_Side.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Spitfire_PA944_Side.jpeg/220px-Spitfire_PA944_Side.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Spitfire_PA944_Side.jpeg/330px-Spitfire_PA944_Side.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Spitfire_PA944_Side.jpeg/440px-Spitfire_PA944_Side.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="2966" data-file-height="2232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Spitfire_944" title="Spitfire 944">Spitfire PR Mk XI PA944</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">U.S. Army Air Forces</a> 7th Photo Recon Group, <a href="/wiki/14th_Photographic_Reconnaissance_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Photographic Reconnaissance Squadron">14th Recon Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Mount_Farm" title="RAF Mount Farm">RAF Mount Farm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxfordshire" title="Oxfordshire">Oxfordshire</a> in 1944</figcaption></figure> That Southeast Asia was a lower-priority area also did not help, and it was allocated few Spitfires and other modern fighters compared to Europe, which allowed the Japanese to easily achieve air superiority by 1942.<a href="#cite_note-Young_2013_36-137">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[127]</a> Over the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Territory" title="Northern Territory">Northern Territory</a> of Australia, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="Royal Australian Air Force">Royal Australian Air Force</a> and RAF Spitfires assigned to <a href="/wiki/No._1_Wing_RAAF" title="No. 1 Wing RAAF">No. 1 Wing RAAF</a> helped defend the port town of <a href="/wiki/Darwin,_Northern_Territory" title="Darwin, Northern Territory">Darwin</a> against air attack by the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy_Air_Service" title="Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service">Japanese Naval Air Force</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_pp._122–3-140">[128]</a> suffering heavy losses largely due to the type's limited fuel capacity.<a href="#cite_note-141">[129]</a> Spitfire MKVIIIs took part in the last battle of World War II involving the Western allies in Burma, in the ground attack role, helping defeat a <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Sittang_Bend" title="Battle of the Sittang Bend">Japanese break-out attempt</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[130]</a> During the Second World War, Spitfires were used by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Air_Forces" title="United States Army Air Forces">United States Army Air Forces</a> (USAAF) in the <a href="/wiki/4th_Fighter_Group" title="4th Fighter Group">4th Fighter Group</a> until they were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Republic_P-47_Thunderbolt" title="Republic P-47 Thunderbolt">Republic P-47 Thunderbolts</a> in March 1943.<a href="#cite_note-143">[131]</a> The 4th Fighter Group comprised the former RAF <a href="/wiki/Eagle_Squadrons" title="Eagle Squadrons">Eagle Squadrons</a>, which transferred into American service in September 1942, the volunteer pilots bringing their Mark Vb Spitfires with them.<a href="#cite_note-144">[132]</a> The USAAF <a href="/wiki/14th_Photographic_Squadron" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Photographic Squadron">14th Photographic Squadron</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Air_Force" title="Eighth Air Force">8th Air Force</a> also operated Spitfire Mark XIs from November 1943 to April 1945, flying long-range reconnaissance over Europe.<a href="#cite_note-145">[133]</a> Several Spitfires were captured by the Germans and flown by units that tested, evaluated, and sometimes clandestinely operated enemy aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-146">[134]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speed_and_altitude_records">Speed and altitude records</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Speed and altitude records">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_XI_EN_409.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Spitfire_XI_EN_409.jpg/220px-Spitfire_XI_EN_409.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Spitfire_XI_EN_409.jpg/330px-Spitfire_XI_EN_409.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Spitfire_XI_EN_409.jpg/440px-Spitfire_XI_EN_409.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="709" /></a><figcaption>The Spitfire Mk XI flown by Sqn. Ldr. Martindale, seen here after its flight on 27 April 1944 during which it was damaged achieving a true airspeed of 620 mph (998 km/h or Mach 0.92) in a dive</figcaption></figure> Beginning in late 1943, high-speed diving trials were undertaken at Farnborough to investigate the handling characteristics of aircraft travelling at speeds near the <a href="/wiki/Sound_barrier" title="Sound barrier">sound barrier</a> (i.e., the onset of compressibility effects). Because it had the highest <a href="/wiki/Critical_Mach_number" title="Critical Mach number">limiting Mach number</a> of any aircraft at that time, a Spitfire XI was chosen to take part in these trials. Due to the high altitudes necessary for these dives, a fully feathering <a href="/wiki/Rotol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotol">Rotol</a> propeller was fitted to prevent <a href="/wiki/Overspeed_(engine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Overspeed (engine)">overspeeding</a>. During these trials, EN409, flown by Squadron Leader J. R. Tobin, reached 606 mph (527 kn; 975 km/h) (Mach 0.891) in a 45° dive.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In April 1944, the same aircraft suffered engine failure in another dive while being flown by Squadron Leader Anthony F. Martindale, <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Volunteer_Reserve" title="Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve">Royal Air Force Volunteer Reserve</a>, when the propeller and reduction gear broke off. The dive put the aircraft to Mach 0.92, the fastest ever recorded in a piston-engined aircraft, but when the propeller came off, the Spitfire, now tail-heavy, zoom-climbed back to altitude. Martindale blacked out under the 11 g loading, but when he resumed consciousness, he found the aircraft at about 40,000 feet with its (originally straight) wings now slightly swept back.<a href="#cite_note-147">[135]</a> Martindale successfully glided the Spitfire 20 mi (32 km) back to the airfield and landed safely.<a href="#cite_note-Aircraft_performance_and_design_(pdf_file)pp.5–6-148">[136]</a> Martindale was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Air_Force_Cross_(United_Kingdom)" title="Air Force Cross (United Kingdom)">Air Force Cross</a> for his exploits.<a href="#cite_note-149">[137]</a> <a href="/wiki/RAE_Bedford" title="RAE Bedford">RAE Bedford</a> (RAE) modified a Spitfire for high-speed testing of the <a href="/wiki/Stabilator" title="Stabilator">stabilator</a> (then known as the "flying tail") of the <a href="/wiki/Miles_M.52" title="Miles M.52">Miles M.52</a> supersonic research aircraft. RAE test pilot <a href="/wiki/Eric_Brown_(pilot)" title="Eric Brown (pilot)">Eric Brown</a> stated that he tested this successfully during October and November 1944, attaining Mach 0.86 in a dive.<a href="#cite_note-Discussion-150">[138]</a> On 5 February 1952, a Spitfire 19 of <a href="/wiki/No._81_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 81 Squadron RAF">81 Squadron</a> based at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Kai_Tak" title="RAF Kai Tak">Kai Tak</a> in Hong Kong reached probably the highest altitude ever achieved by a Spitfire. The pilot, <a href="/wiki/Flight_Lieutenant" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight Lieutenant">Flight Lieutenant</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Powles" title="Edward Powles">Edward "Ted" Powles</a>,<a href="#cite_note-151">[139]</a> was on a routine flight to survey outside air temperature and report on other <a href="/wiki/Meteorology" title="Meteorology">meteorological</a> conditions at various altitudes in preparation for a proposed new air service through the area. He climbed to 50,000 ft (15,000 m) indicated altitude, with a true altitude of 51,550 ft (15,710 m). The cabin pressure fell below a safe level, and in trying to reduce altitude, he entered an uncontrollable dive which shook the aircraft violently. He eventually regained control somewhere below 3,000 ft (900 m) and landed safely with no discernible damage to his aircraft. Evaluation of the recorded flight data suggested he achieved a speed of 690 mph (600 kn; 1,110 km/h), (Mach 0.96) in the dive, which would have been the highest speed ever reached by a propeller-driven aircraft if the instruments had been considered more reliable.<a href="#cite_note-Aircraft_performance_and_design_(pdf_file)pp.5–6-148">[136]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">That any operational aircraft off the production line, cannons sprouting from its wings and warts and all, could readily be controlled at this speed when the early jet aircraft such as <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">Meteors</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">Vampires</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-80_Shooting_Star" title="Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star">P-80s</a>, etc, could not, was certainly extraordinary.<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Jeffrey Quill<a href="#cite_note-152">[140]</a></cite></div></blockquote> The critical Mach number of the Spitfire's original elliptical wing was higher than the subsequently used laminar-flow section, straight-tapering-planform wing of the follow-on Supermarine Spiteful, <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafang" title="Supermarine Seafang">Seafang</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">Attacker</a>, illustrating that Reginald Mitchell's practical engineering approach to the problems of high-speed flight had paid off.<a href="#cite_note-153">[141]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variants">Variants</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Variants">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overview">Overview</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Overview">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)</a>; <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_variants:_specifications,_performance_and_armament" title="Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament">Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament</a></div> Although R. J. Mitchell is justifiably known as the engineer who designed the Spitfire, his premature death in 1937 meant that all development after that date was undertaken by a team led by his chief draughtsman, Joe Smith, who became Supermarine's chief designer on Mitchell's death. As Jeffrey Quill noted: "If Mitchell was born to design the Spitfire, Joe Smith was born to defend and develop it."<a href="#cite_note-154">[142]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpitfireIX611a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/SpitfireIX611a.jpg/220px-SpitfireIX611a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/SpitfireIX611a.jpg/330px-SpitfireIX611a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f5/SpitfireIX611a.jpg/440px-SpitfireIX611a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="714" /></a><figcaption>Pilots of <a href="/wiki/No._611_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 611 Squadron RAF">611 West Lancashire Squadron</a> pushing an early Spitfire Mark IXb at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Biggin_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Biggin Hill">Biggin Hill</a> in late 1942</figcaption></figure> There were 24 marks of Spitfire and many sub-variants. These covered the Spitfire in development from the Merlin to <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Griffon" title="Rolls-Royce Griffon">Griffon</a> engines, the high-speed photo-reconnaissance variants and the different wing configurations. More Spitfire Mk Vs were built than any other type, with 6,487 built, followed by the 5,656 Mk IXs.<a href="#cite_note-Air_International_1985-44">[39]</a> Different wings, featuring a variety of weapons, were fitted to most marks; the A wing used eight .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns, the B wing had four .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns and two 20 mm (.79 in) <a href="/wiki/Hispano-Suiza_HS.404" title="Hispano-Suiza HS.404">Hispano cannons</a>, and the C, or universal, wing could mount either four 20 mm (.79 in) cannons or two 20 mm (.79 in) and four .303 in (7.7 mm) machine guns. As the war progressed, the C wing became more common.<a href="#cite_note-Flintham-155">[143]</a> Another armament variation was the E wing which housed two 20 mm (.79 in) cannons and two .50 in (12.7 mm) <a href="/wiki/M2_Browning_machine_gun" class="mw-redirect" title="M2 Browning machine gun">Browning machine guns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bowyer_p._64-156">[144]</a> Although the Spitfire continued to improve in speed and armament, its limited fuel capacity restricted range and endurance: it remained "short-legged" throughout its life except in the dedicated photo-reconnaissance role, when its guns were replaced by extra fuel tanks.<a href="#cite_note-Bowyer_p._47-157">[145]</a> Supermarine developed a two-seat variant, known as the T Mk VIII, to be used for <a href="/wiki/Flight_training" title="Flight training">training</a>, but none were ordered, and only one example was ever constructed (identified as N32/G-AIDN by Supermarine).<a href="#cite_note-Price_2002,_p._224-158">[146]</a> In the absence of an official two-seater variant, a number of airframes were crudely converted in the field. These included a <a href="/wiki/4_Squadron_SAAF" title="4 Squadron SAAF">4 Squadron SAAF</a> Mk VB in North Africa, where a second seat was fitted instead of the upper fuel tank in front of the cockpit, although it was not a dual-control aircraft, and is thought to have been used as the squadron "run-about".<a href="#cite_note-Price_2002,_p._223-159">[147]</a> The only unofficial two-seat conversions that were fitted with dual-controls were a few Russian lend/lease Mk IX aircraft. These were referred to as Mk IX UTI and differed from the Supermarine proposals by using an inline "greenhouse" style double canopy rather than the raised "bubble" type of the T Mk VIII.<a href="#cite_note-Price_2002,_p._223-159">[147]</a> In the postwar era, the idea was revived by Supermarine and a number of two-seat Spitfires were built by converting old Mk IX airframes with a second "raised" cockpit featuring a <a href="/wiki/Bubble_canopy" title="Bubble canopy">bubble canopy</a>. Ten of these TR9 variants were then sold to the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Air_Force" title="Indian Air Force">Indian Air Force</a> along with six to the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Air_Corps" title="Irish Air Corps">Irish Air Corps</a>, three to the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Air_Force" title="Royal Netherlands Air Force">Royal Netherlands Air Force</a> and one for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Egyptian_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Egyptian Air Force">Royal Egyptian Air Force</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Price_2002,_p._224-158">[146]</a> Currently several of the trainers are known to exist, including both the T Mk VIII, a T Mk IX based in the US, and the "Grace Spitfire" ML407, a veteran flown operationally by <a href="/wiki/No._485_Squadron_RNZAF" title="No. 485 Squadron RNZAF">485(NZ) Squadron</a> in 1944.<a href="#cite_note-Grace_Spitfire_ML407.-160">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[nb 13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seafire">Seafire</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Seafire">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Supermarine Seafire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Implacable_AWM_019037.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/HMS_Implacable_AWM_019037.jpg/220px-HMS_Implacable_AWM_019037.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/HMS_Implacable_AWM_019037.jpg/330px-HMS_Implacable_AWM_019037.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/HMS_Implacable_AWM_019037.jpg/440px-HMS_Implacable_AWM_019037.jpg 2x" data-file-width="765" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Seafires preparing to take off from the aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/HMS_Implacable_(R86)" title="HMS Implacable (R86)">HMS Implacable</a> in 1945</figcaption></figure> The Seafire, a name derived from sea, and Spitfire, was a <a href="/wiki/Naval" class="mw-redirect" title="Naval">naval</a> version of the Spitfire specially adapted for operation from <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">aircraft carriers</a>. Although the Spitfire was not designed for the rough-and-tumble of carrier-deck operations, it was considered the best available fighter at the time. The basic Spitfire design did impose some limitations on the use of the aircraft as a carrier-based fighter; poor visibility over the nose, for example, meant that pilots had to be trained to land with their heads out of the cockpit and looking along the port cowling of their Seafire.<a href="#cite_note-162">[149]</a> Like the Spitfire, the Seafire also had a relatively narrow undercarriage track, which meant that it was not ideally suited to deck operations.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_p._108-163">[150]</a> Early Seafire marks had relatively few modifications to the standard Spitfire airframe; however cumulative front line experience meant that most of the later versions of the Seafire had strengthened airframes, folding wings, arrestor hooks and other modifications, culminating in the purpose-built Seafire F/FR Mk 47.<a href="#cite_note-164">[151]</a> The Seafire II was able to outperform the <a href="/wiki/Mitsubishi_Zero" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitsubishi Zero">A6M5 Zero</a> at low altitudes when the two types were tested against each other during wartime mock combat exercises.<a href="#cite_note-Price_WoF_pt2,_p._40-165">[152]</a> However, contemporary Allied carrier fighters such as the <a href="/wiki/F6F_Hellcat" class="mw-redirect" title="F6F Hellcat">F6F Hellcat</a> and <a href="/wiki/F4U_Corsair" class="mw-redirect" title="F4U Corsair">F4U Corsair</a> were considerably more robust and so more practical for carrier operations.<a href="#cite_note-Price_WoF_pt_2,_p._36-166">[153]</a> Performance was greatly increased when later versions of the Seafire were fitted with the Griffon engines. These were too late to see service in World War II.<a href="#cite_note-Andrews&Morgan_pp._255–6-167">[154]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Griffon-engined_variants">Griffon-engined variants</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Griffon-engined variants">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)</a></div> The first Rolls-Royce <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Griffon" title="Rolls-Royce Griffon">Griffon-engined</a> Mk XII flew in August 1942, and first flew operationally with 41 Squadron in April 1943. This mark could nudge 400 mph (350 kn; 640 km/h) in level flight and climb to an altitude of 33,000 ft (10,000 m) in under nine minutes.<a href="#cite_note-168">[155]</a> As American fighters took over the long-range escorting of USAAF daylight bombing raids, the Griffon-engined Spitfires progressively took up the tactical air superiority role, and played a major role in intercepting V-1 flying bombs, while the Merlin-engined variants (mainly the Mk IX and the Packard-engined Mk XVI) were adapted to the fighter-bomber role.<a href="#cite_note-169">[156]</a> Although the later Griffon-engined marks lost some of the favourable handling characteristics of their Merlin-powered predecessors, they could still outmanoeuvre their main German foes and other, later, American and British-designed fighters.<a href="#cite_note-Bowyer_p._47-157">[145]</a> The final version of the Spitfire, the Mk 24, first flew at South Marston on 13 April 1946. On 20 February 1948, almost twelve years from the prototype's first flight, the last production Spitfire, VN496, left the production line. Spitfire Mk 24s were used by only one regular RAF unit, with <a href="/wiki/No._80_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 80 Squadron RAF">80 Squadron</a> replacing their <a href="/wiki/Hawker_Tempest" title="Hawker Tempest">Hawker Tempests</a> with F Mk 24s in 1947.<a href="#cite_note-170">[157]</a> With these aircraft, 80 Squadron continued its patrol and reconnaissance duties from <a href="/wiki/Wunstorf" title="Wunstorf">Wunstorf</a> in Germany as part of the occupation forces, until it relocated to <a href="/wiki/Kai_Tak_Airport" title="Kai Tak Airport">Kai Tak Airport</a>, Hong Kong, in July 1949. During the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War" title="Chinese Civil War">Chinese Civil War</a>, 80 Squadron's main duty was to defend Hong Kong from perceived Communist threats.<a href="#cite_note-171">[158]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supermarine_Spitfire_F_Mk_XIIs_of_41_Sqn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Supermarine_Spitfire_F_Mk_XIIs_of_41_Sqn.jpg/220px-Supermarine_Spitfire_F_Mk_XIIs_of_41_Sqn.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Supermarine_Spitfire_F_Mk_XIIs_of_41_Sqn.jpg/330px-Supermarine_Spitfire_F_Mk_XIIs_of_41_Sqn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Supermarine_Spitfire_F_Mk_XIIs_of_41_Sqn.jpg/440px-Supermarine_Spitfire_F_Mk_XIIs_of_41_Sqn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="946" /></a><figcaption>Supermarine Spitfire LF Mk XIIs of <a href="/wiki/No._41_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 41 Squadron RAF">41 Squadron</a> in April 1944</figcaption></figure> Operation Firedog during the <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Emergency" title="Malayan Emergency">Malayan Emergency</a> saw the Spitfire fly over 1,800 operational sorties against the Malayan Communists.<a href="#cite_note-deltaweb-172">[159]</a> The last operational sortie of an RAF Spitfire was flown on 1 April 1954, by PS888 a PR Mk 19 Spitfire of 81 Squadron. It was flying from <a href="/wiki/Seletar_Airport" title="Seletar Airport">RAF Seletar</a>, in Singapore to photograph an area of jungle in Johore, Malaysia, thought to contain Communist guerrillas. To mark the special occasion, ground crewmen had painted 'The Last' on the aircraft's nose.<a href="#cite_note-81squadron-173">[160]</a> The last non-operational flight of a Spitfire in RAF service, which took place on 9 June 1957, was by a PR Mk 19, PS583, from <a href="/wiki/RAF_Woodvale" title="RAF Woodvale">RAF Woodvale</a> of the Temperature and Humidity Flight. This was also the last known flight of a piston-engined fighter in the RAF.<a href="#cite_note-174">[161]</a> The last nation in the Middle East to operate Spitfires was Syria, which kept its F Mk 22s until 1953.<a href="#cite_note-deltaweb-172">[159]</a> In late 1962, Air Marshal Sir <a href="/wiki/John_Nicholls_(RAF_officer)" title="John Nicholls (RAF officer)">John Nicholls</a> instigated a trial when he flew Spitfire PM631, a PR Mk 19 in the custody of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_Memorial_Flight" title="Battle of Britain Memorial Flight">Battle of Britain Memorial Flight</a>, against an <a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Lightning" title="English Electric Lightning">English Electric Lightning</a> F 3 (a <a href="/wiki/Supersonic" class="mw-redirect" title="Supersonic">supersonic</a> jet-engined interceptor) in mock combat at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Binbrook" title="RAF Binbrook">RAF Binbrook</a>. At the time, British Commonwealth forces were involved in possible <a href="/wiki/Indonesia-Malaysia_confrontation" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesia-Malaysia confrontation">action against Indonesia over Malaya</a> and Nicholls decided to develop tactics to fight the Indonesian Air Force P-51 Mustang, a fighter that had a similar performance to the PR Mk 19.<a href="#cite_note-Green_p._91-175">[162]</a> The first airframe (PM631) developed mechanical issues which removed it from the trial. Another PR Mk 19, PS853, which is now owned by Rolls-Royce, was on gate-guard duties at Binbrook, having been retired from the Battle of Britain Memorial Flight (BBMF) one year before. It had been maintained in running condition by ground crews at Binbrook, and after a short time was participating in the trials. At the end of the trials, RAF pilots found that <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Firestreak" title="De Havilland Firestreak">Firestreak</a> infra-red guided missiles had trouble acquiring the Spitfire due to a low exhaust temperature, and decided that the twin ADEN 30 mm (1.2 in) cannons were the only weapons suited to the task, which was complicated by the tight turning circle of the Spitfire, and the Lightning's proclivity for over-running the Spitfire. It was concluded that the most effective and safest way for a modern jet-engined fighter to attack a piston-engined fighter was to engage full afterburner at an altitude lower than the Spitfire, and circle behind it to perform a hit-and-run attack, contrary to all established fighter-on-fighter doctrine at that time.<a href="#cite_note-176">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-Price_p._158-177">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operators">Operators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Operators">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Supermarine_Spitfire_operators" title="List of Supermarine Spitfire operators">List of Supermarine Spitfire operators</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfires_of_the_No_352_(Y)_Squadron_RAF,_aka_Balkan_Air_Force_(18_August_1944).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spitfires_of_the_No_352_%28Y%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_aka_Balkan_Air_Force_%2818_August_1944%29.jpg/220px-Spitfires_of_the_No_352_%28Y%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_aka_Balkan_Air_Force_%2818_August_1944%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spitfires_of_the_No_352_%28Y%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_aka_Balkan_Air_Force_%2818_August_1944%29.jpg/330px-Spitfires_of_the_No_352_%28Y%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_aka_Balkan_Air_Force_%2818_August_1944%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Spitfires_of_the_No_352_%28Y%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_aka_Balkan_Air_Force_%2818_August_1944%29.jpg/440px-Spitfires_of_the_No_352_%28Y%29_Squadron_RAF%2C_aka_Balkan_Air_Force_%2818_August_1944%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="541" /></a><figcaption>Spitfires Mk Vc (Trop) of <a href="/wiki/No._352_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 352 Squadron RAF">352 (Yugoslav) Squadron RAF</a> (<a href="/wiki/Balkan_Air_Force" title="Balkan Air Force">Balkan Air Force</a>) before first mission on 18 August 1944, from <a href="/wiki/Canne,_Apulia" class="mw-redirect" title="Canne, Apulia">Canne</a> airfield, Italy</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Supermarine_509_Spitfire_T9C_AN1067997.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Supermarine_509_Spitfire_T9C_AN1067997.jpg/220px-Supermarine_509_Spitfire_T9C_AN1067997.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Supermarine_509_Spitfire_T9C_AN1067997.jpg/330px-Supermarine_509_Spitfire_T9C_AN1067997.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Supermarine_509_Spitfire_T9C_AN1067997.jpg/440px-Supermarine_509_Spitfire_T9C_AN1067997.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Spitfire T9 in 2005, civil registered as G-CCCA, painted in the markings of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Air_Corps" title="Irish Air Corps">Irish Air Corps</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia_%28converted%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /> <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-179">[166]</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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title="Myanmar">Burma</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%281921%E2%80%931957%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /> <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Southern_Rhodesia_%281924%E2%80%931964%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Southern_Rhodesia" title="Southern Rhodesia">Southern Rhodesia</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Africa_%281928-1982%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Soviet_Union.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Syria_%281930%E2%80%931958%2C_1961%E2%80%931963%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/23px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/35px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/45px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /> <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281912-1959%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Yugoslavia_%281946-1992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Surviving_aircraft">Surviving aircraft</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Surviving aircraft">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Supermarine_Spitfires" title="List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires">List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_AR614_Paul_Allen_Collection.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Spitfire_AR614_Paul_Allen_Collection.jpg/220px-Spitfire_AR614_Paul_Allen_Collection.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Spitfire_AR614_Paul_Allen_Collection.jpg/330px-Spitfire_AR614_Paul_Allen_Collection.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Spitfire_AR614_Paul_Allen_Collection.jpg/440px-Spitfire_AR614_Paul_Allen_Collection.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7360" data-file-height="4912" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Garrison" title="Lynn Garrison">Lynn Garrison</a> Spitfire AR614 now in Paul Allen Collection</figcaption></figure> Owing to its wide usage in World War II and iconic status, a large number of Spitfires have survived into preservation. 240 Spitfires are preserved as of 2023; this includes around 60 which are airworthy.<a href="#cite_note-181">[168]</a> Many air museums have Spitfires on static display, for example, Chicago's <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_and_Industry_(Chicago)" title="Museum of Science and Industry (Chicago)">Museum of Science and Industry</a> has paired a static Spitfire with a static Ju 87 R-2/Trop. <a href="/wiki/Stuka" class="mw-redirect" title="Stuka">Stuka</a> dive bomber.<a href="#cite_note-183">[nb 14]</a><a href="#cite_note-184">[170]</a> The oldest surviving Spitfire is a Mark 1, serial number K9942; it is preserved at the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force_Museum_Cosford" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Air Force Museum Cosford">Royal Air Force Museum Cosford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a>. This aircraft was the 155th built and first flew in April 1939. It flew operationally with <a href="/wiki/No._72_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 72 Squadron RAF">No. 72 Squadron RAF</a> until June 1940, when it was damaged in a wheels-up landing. After repair, it was used for training until August 1944, when it became one of several <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain" title="Battle of Britain">Battle of Britain</a> aircraft veterans that were allocated to the Air Historical Branch for future museum preservation.<a href="#cite_note-185">[171]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitifre_Mk.XVI_with_crew.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Spitifre_Mk.XVI_with_crew.jpg/220px-Spitifre_Mk.XVI_with_crew.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Spitifre_Mk.XVI_with_crew.jpg/330px-Spitifre_Mk.XVI_with_crew.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Spitifre_Mk.XVI_with_crew.jpg/440px-Spitifre_Mk.XVI_with_crew.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Spitfire XIVe <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Supermarine_Spitfires" title="List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires">NH749</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_Air_Force" title="Commemorative Air Force">Commemorative Air Force</a>, based at <a href="/wiki/Camarillo,_California" title="Camarillo, California">Camarillo airport, Southern California</a>, seen with period-dressed crew members in 2011</figcaption></figure> What may be the most originally restored Spitfire in the world is maintained at <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_of_Flight" title="Fantasy of Flight">Fantasy of Flight</a> in <a href="/wiki/Polk_City,_Florida" title="Polk City, Florida">Polk City, Florida</a>. Over a six-year period in the 1990s, this aircraft was slowly restored by Personal Plane Services in England using almost 90% of its original aircraft skins. Owner <a href="/wiki/Kermit_Weeks" title="Kermit Weeks">Kermit Weeks</a> insisted that the aircraft be restored as closely as possible to its original condition. Machine guns, cannon, gun sight and original working radios are all installed.<a href="#cite_note-Fantasy_of_Flight-186">[172]</a> Two MK 1 Supermarine Spitfires, originally restored by the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Flying_Limited" title="Historic Flying Limited">Aircraft Restoration Company</a>, remain in flying condition at the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_War_Museum_Duxford" title="Imperial War Museum Duxford">Imperial War Museum Duxford</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Cambridgeshire" title="Cambridgeshire">Cambridgeshire</a>, England. Both restored by American billionaire <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kaplan" title="Thomas Kaplan">Thomas Kaplan</a>, one has been donated to the Imperial War Museum and the second was auctioned in July 2015 at <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a>, London. It is one of only four flying MK 1 Spitfires in the world. The aircraft fetched a record £3.1 million at auction on 9 July, beating the previous record for a Spitfire of £1.7 million set in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-187">[173]</a> Imperial War Museum Duxford, Cambridgeshire, is home to the largest collection of Spitfires, with 15-20 airworthy and static examples on site most weeks throughout the year. It is also rumoured that there is anywhere from 5 to 10 restoration projects also progressing on site between <a href="/wiki/The_Fighter_Collection" title="The Fighter Collection">The Fighter Collection</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Flying_Limited" title="Historic Flying Limited">Aircraft Restoration Company</a>. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] A Spitfire model ML407 was purchased by <a href="/wiki/Carolyn_Grace" title="Carolyn Grace">Carolyn Grace</a> and her husband Nick in 1979. Carolyn Grace subsequently flew the Spitfire in several displays, including one commemorating the 60th anniversary of D-Day in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-188">[174]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[175]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Search_for_reported_surviving_Spitfires_in_Burma">Search for reported surviving Spitfires in Burma</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Search for reported surviving Spitfires in Burma">edit</a>]</div> After hostilities ceased in Asia in 1945, a number of Spitfire Mk.XIVs were rumoured to be buried in crates in <a href="/wiki/British_rule_in_Burma" title="British rule in Burma">Burma</a>. Excavations carried out at <a href="/wiki/Yangon_International_Airport" title="Yangon International Airport">Yangon International Airport</a> (formerly RAF Mingaladon) in early 2013 failed to locate any of the rumoured aircraft,<a href="#cite_note-190">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[177]</a> and the team reported that they found no evidence that Spitfires were shipped there in crates or buried.<a href="#cite_note-192">[178]</a> Pat Woodward, who was an RAF pilot operating from Burma at the end of the war, reported that no such burying took place.<a href="#cite_note-193">[179]</a> In 2016 it was reported that the hunt was continuing.<a href="#cite_note-194">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Memorials">Memorials</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Memorials">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>A fibreglass replica of the Mk.1 Spitfire Mk1 YT-J (R6675), flown by Supermarine test pilot Jeffrey Quill during his brief period of active service with 65 Squadron, is on display at the <a href="/wiki/Kent_Battle_of_Britain_Museum" title="Kent Battle of Britain Museum">Kent Battle of Britain Museum</a> at <a href="/wiki/Hawkinge" title="Hawkinge">Hawkinge</a> near Folkestone.<a href="#cite_note-195">[181]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel_(sculpture)" title="Sentinel (sculpture)">Sentinel</a> is a sculpture by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Tolkien" title="Tim Tolkien">Tim Tolkien</a> depicting three Spitfires in flight at the roundabout junction (popularly known as Spitfire Island) of the A47 and A452 in <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bromwich" title="Castle Bromwich">Castle Bromwich</a>, Birmingham, England, commemorating the main Spitfire factory. The island sits at the adjoining southern corners of the former Castle Bromwich Aircraft Factory and Aerodrome (now Castle Vale housing estate).<a href="#cite_note-196">[182]</a> There is also a Spitfire and a Hurricane in the nearby <a href="/wiki/Thinktank,_Birmingham" class="mw-redirect" title="Thinktank, Birmingham">Thinktank</a> Science Museum.<a href="#cite_note-197">[183]</a></li> <li>A sculpture of the <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_prototype_K5054" title="Supermarine Spitfire prototype K5054">prototype Spitfire, K5054</a> stands on the roundabout at the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Southampton_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Southampton International Airport">Southampton International Airport</a>, which, as Eastleigh Aerodrome, saw the first flight of the aircraft in March 1936.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>Jeffrey Quill, the former Supermarine test pilot, initiated a project to build an exact replica of K5054, the prototype Spitfire to be put on permanent public display as a memorial to R.J. Mitchell. A team of original Supermarine designers worked with Aerofab Restorations of Andover for 10 years to create the facsimile. It was unveiled to the public in April 1993 by Quill at the RAF Museum, Hendon, and is currently on loan to the Tangmere Military Aviation Museum.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_2006,_p._206-198">[184]</a></li> <li>A fibreglass replica in the colours of a Polish squadron leader based at the station during the Second World War is on display at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Northolt" title="RAF Northolt">RAF Northolt</a>, the last Battle of Britain Sector Station still in <a href="/wiki/RAF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF">RAF</a> operational service.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>A replica Spitfire is on display on the Thornaby Road roundabout near the school named after Sir Douglas Bader who flew a Spitfire in the Second World War. This memorial is in memory of the old <a href="/wiki/RAF_Thornaby" title="RAF Thornaby">RAF base in Thornaby</a> which is now a residential estate.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>A fibreglass replica of a Spitfire Mk XVI has been mounted on a pylon in <a href="/wiki/Memorial_Park,_Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial Park, Hamilton">Memorial Park, Hamilton</a>, New Zealand as a tribute to all New Zealand fighter pilots who flew Spitfires during the Second World War.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>At <a href="/wiki/RAF_Bentley_Priory" title="RAF Bentley Priory">Bentley Priory</a>, the Second World War command centre for Fighter Command, fibreglass replicas of a Spitfire Mk 1 and a Hurricane Mk 1 can be seen fixed in a position of attack. This was built as a memorial to everyone who worked at Bentley Priory during the war.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>A fibreglass replica in the colours of 603 (City of <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh" title="Edinburgh">Edinburgh</a>) Squadron Royal Auxiliary Air Force Spitfire Memorial sits next to the <a href="/wiki/Edinburgh_Airport" title="Edinburgh Airport">Edinburgh Airport</a> control tower. This model replaced the original <a href="/wiki/Gate_guardian" title="Gate guardian">gate guardian</a> from the former <a href="/wiki/RAF_Turnhouse" title="RAF Turnhouse">RAF Turnhouse</a>. It is painted to represent serial number L1067 (code XT-D) "Blue Peter", the personal aircraft of the squadron's commander, Squadron Leader <a href="/wiki/George_Denholm" title="George Denholm">George Denholm</a> DFC.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>A fibreglass replica of a Spitfire Mk IX has been mounted on a pylon in Jackson Park, <a href="/wiki/Windsor,_Ontario" title="Windsor, Ontario">Windsor, Ontario</a>, alongside a Hurricane as a memorial to <a href="/wiki/Royal_Canadian_Air_Force" title="Royal Canadian Air Force">Royal Canadian Air Force</a> pilots. This display replaces an <a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster_bomber" class="mw-redirect" title="Avro Lancaster bomber">Avro Lancaster bomber</a> that had previously been on display and is currently undergoing restoration.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>One of the few remaining Supermarine Spitfires with a wartime record is on display (alongside a Hawker Hurricane) at the <a href="/wiki/RAF_Manston" title="RAF Manston">RAF Manston</a> Spitfire and Hurricane Memorial Museum, near <a href="/wiki/Kent_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent International Airport">Kent International Airport</a>.<a href="#cite_note-199">[185]</a></li> <li>Lodge Hill Garage, <a href="/wiki/Abingdon,_Oxfordshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Abingdon, Oxfordshire">Abingdon, Oxfordshire</a> has a full-size replica Spitfire as a rooftop monument. Owner Peter Jewson bought the replica in a campaign to build the first ever national memorial to honour the 166 women from the <a href="/wiki/Air_Transport_Auxiliary" title="Air Transport Auxiliary">Air Transport Auxiliary</a> (ATA) who flew Spitfires and other aircraft from factories to their operational airbases; 14 died during these ferry flights.<a href="#cite_note-200">[186]</a></li> <li>A fibreglass replica of a Spitfire Mk IX is mounted to the roof of the speciality shop, Spitfire Emporium, in <a href="/wiki/Kitchener,_Ontario" title="Kitchener, Ontario">Kitchener, Ontario</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[187]</a></li> <li>There is a replica of a Spitfire (and of a Hurricane) at the entrance to the <a href="/wiki/Eden_Camp_Museum" title="Eden Camp Museum">Eden Camp Modern History Museum</a> as a memorial to pilots who served in the Battle of Britain.<a href="#cite_note-202">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montrose_Air_Station_Heritage_Centre" title="Montrose Air Station Heritage Centre">Montrose Air Station Heritage Centre</a> has a full-size replica Spitfire MkVb LO-D (EP121) on display as a memorial to the men and women who served at RFC/RAF Montrose.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>A fibreglass replica of Spitfire VB BL924 is on display at <a href="/wiki/Beale_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Beale Park">Beale Park</a>. It was built as a tribute to Aksel [Axel] Andreas Svendsen, a young Danish RAF pilot who was killed in action on 24 April 1942.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li>A full-size pole-mounted replica was erected in 2021 on the site of a Salisbury factory.<a href="#cite_note-203">[189]</a></li> <li>In 2009, the Spitfire was selected by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a> for their <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_commemorative_stamps_2000%E2%80%932009" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Britain commemorative stamps 2000–2009">"British Design Classics" commemorative postage stamp</a> issue.<a href="#cite_note-204">[190]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restorations_and_replicas">Restorations and replicas</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Restorations and replicas">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpitfireVB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SpitfireVB.jpg/220px-SpitfireVB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SpitfireVB.jpg/330px-SpitfireVB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/SpitfireVB.jpg/440px-SpitfireVB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="445" /></a><figcaption>Replica Mk Vb on display in 2009</figcaption></figure> British organisation, the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Flying_Limited" title="Historic Flying Limited">Aircraft Restoration Company</a> (Formally Historic Flying Limited),<a href="#cite_note-205">[191]</a> has either restored, overhauled or built from scratch a significant proportion of the Spitfires that are now airworthy. Several other manufacturers have produced replica Spitfires, either as complete aircraft or as kits for self-building. These range in scale from 60% scale to full-size, and most use wooden construction rather than the original all-metal monocoque design. These include the <a href="/wiki/Jurca_Spit" title="Jurca Spit">Jurca Spit</a> from France, and those manufactured by Tally Ho Enterprises in Canada.<a href="#cite_note-206">[192]</a> <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Supermarine Aircraft">Supermarine Aircraft</a> – originally from <a href="/wiki/Brisbane" title="Brisbane">Brisbane</a>, Australia, and now based in <a href="/wiki/Cisco,_Texas" title="Cisco, Texas">Cisco, Texas</a> – manufacture the 80% scale Spitfire Mk26 and the 90% scale Mk26B replicas. Their <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Aircraft_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Aircraft Spitfire">Supermarine Aircraft Spitfire</a> is supplied in kit form and is the only all-aluminium reproduction Spitfire in production.<a href="#cite_note-Supermarine-207">[193]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Isaacs_Spitfire" title="Isaacs Spitfire">Isaacs Spitfire</a> (1975)<a href="#cite_note-208">[194]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Time_Warp_Spitfire_Mk_V" title="Time Warp Spitfire Mk V">Time Warp Spitfire Mk V</a> (1996) are homebuilt 60% scale replicas, and Bob DeFord of Prescott, Arizona built and flies a 100% scale replica.<a href="#cite_note-209">[195]</a> <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Military_Aviation_Museum" title="Greenwood Military Aviation Museum">Greenwood Military Aviation Museum</a> is also home to a replica non-flying Spitfire. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_appearances_in_media">Notable appearances in media</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Notable appearances in media">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Britain%27s_New_Spitfire_44-pf-116-2016-001-ac.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Britain%27s_New_Spitfire_44-pf-116-2016-001-ac.jpg/220px-Britain%27s_New_Spitfire_44-pf-116-2016-001-ac.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Britain%27s_New_Spitfire_44-pf-116-2016-001-ac.jpg/330px-Britain%27s_New_Spitfire_44-pf-116-2016-001-ac.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Britain%27s_New_Spitfire_44-pf-116-2016-001-ac.jpg/440px-Britain%27s_New_Spitfire_44-pf-116-2016-001-ac.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11495" data-file-height="7690" /></a><figcaption>Cutaway diagram of the Spitfire</figcaption></figure> During and after the Battle of Britain, the Spitfire became a symbol of British resistance: for example, Lord Beaverbrook's "Spitfire Fund" of 1940 was one campaign which drew widespread public attention to the Spitfire. The Spitfire continues to be highly popular at airshows, on airfields and in museums worldwide, and holds an important place in the memories of many people, especially the few still living who flew the Spitfire in combat. Numerous films and documentaries featuring the Spitfire are still being produced, some of which are listed in this section. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_First_of_the_Few" title="The First of the Few">The First of the Few</a> (also known as Spitfire in the US and Canada) (1942) is a British film produced and directed by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Howard_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Leslie Howard (actor)">Leslie Howard</a>, with Howard in the starring role of R. J. Mitchell, and David Niven playing a <a href="/wiki/Composite_character" title="Composite character">composite character</a> based on the Schneider Trophy pilots of 1927, 1929 and 1931, and the Supermarine test pilot Jeffrey Quill. Some of the footage includes film shot in 1941 of operational Spitfires and pilots of <a href="/wiki/No._501_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 501 Squadron RAF">501 Squadron</a> (code letters SD). Howard spent a long time researching the history of the Spitfire's development for the film; Mrs. Mitchell and her son Gordon were on the set during much of the production.<a href="#cite_note-210">[196]</a> The aerobatic flying sequences featured in the last 15 minutes of the film were made by Jeffrey Quill in early November 1941, flying a Spitfire Mk II mocked up to represent the prototype.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Story" title="Malta Story">Malta Story</a> (1953), starring <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Hawkins" title="Jack Hawkins">Jack Hawkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Steel_(actor)" title="Anthony Steel (actor)">Anthony Steel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Muriel_Pavlow" title="Muriel Pavlow">Muriel Pavlow</a>, is a <a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">black and white</a> <a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">war film</a> telling the story of the defence of <a href="/wiki/Malta" title="Malta">Malta</a> in 1942 when Spitfires were the island's main defence from air attacks.<a href="#cite_note-211">[197]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reach_for_the_Sky" title="Reach for the Sky">Reach for the Sky</a> (1956) starring <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_More" title="Kenneth More">Kenneth More</a> tells the story of Douglas Bader, using contemporary Spitfire aircraft in the production.<a href="#cite_note-212">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_(film)" title="Battle of Britain (film)">Battle of Britain</a> (1969) directed by <a href="/wiki/Guy_Hamilton" title="Guy Hamilton">Guy Hamilton</a> and starring <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Caine" title="Michael Caine">Michael Caine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Richardson" title="Ralph Richardson">Ralph Richardson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Redgrave" title="Michael Redgrave">Michael Redgrave</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susannah_York" title="Susannah York">Susannah York</a>, is set in 1940. Features several sequences involving a total of 12 flying Spitfires (mostly Mk IX versions because not many Mk.Is were available at the time),<a href="#cite_note-213">[199]</a> as well as a number of other flying examples of Second World War-era British and German aircraft.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece_of_Cake_(TV_series)" title="Piece of Cake (TV series)">Piece of Cake</a> (1987) starring <a href="/wiki/Tom_Burlinson" title="Tom Burlinson">Tom Burlinson</a>, aired on the ITV network in 1987. Based on the novel by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Derek_Robinson(novelist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Derek Robinson(novelist) (page does not exist)">Derek Robinson</a>, the six-part miniseries covers the prewar era to "Battle of Britain Day", 15 September 1940. It depicts air combat over the skies of France and Britain during the early stages of the Second World War, though using five flying examples of late model Spitfires in place of the novel's early model Hurricanes.<a href="#cite_note-214">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Blue_World" title="Dark Blue World">Dark Blue World</a> (2001), starring <a href="/wiki/Ond%C5%99ej_Vetch%C3%BD" title="Ondřej Vetchý">Ondřej Vetchý</a>, is a tale of two Czech pilots who escape Nazi-occupied Europe to fly Spitfires during the Battle of Britain. <a href="/wiki/Jan_Sv%C4%9Br%C3%A1k" title="Jan Svěrák">Jan Svěrák</a> filmed some new aerial scenes and reused aerial footage from Hamilton's film.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_2006,_p._201-215">[201]</a></li> <li>Guy Martin's Spitfire (2014) is a <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> documentary covering the two-year restoration of a Mark 1 Spitfire, N3200, coded 'QV', that had been buried beneath the sand for 46 years after crash landing during the Dunkirk evacuation in 1940. <a href="/wiki/Guy_Martin" title="Guy Martin">Guy Martin</a> tells the Boy's Own-style story of its pilot, <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_D._Stephenson" title="Geoffrey D. Stephenson">Squadron Leader Geoffrey Stephenson</a> and helps in the restoration of the aircraft at the <a href="/wiki/Historic_Flying_Limited" title="Historic Flying Limited">Aircraft Restoration Company</a> facilities at Duxford.<a href="#cite_note-216">[202]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_(2017_film)" title="Dunkirk (2017 film)">Dunkirk</a> (2017), directed by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a>, features three Spitfires defending the evacuation of British and French troops from Dunkirk against attacks by the German Luftwaffe.<a href="#cite_note-217">[203]</a></li> <li>Spitfire: The People's Plane (2020) is a <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a> ten-part podcast on the efforts of the people who built the aircraft.<a href="#cite_note-218">[204]</a></li> <li>The current badge for the British <a href="/wiki/Football_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Football club">football club</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastleigh_F.C." title="Eastleigh F.C.">Eastleigh F.C.</a>, introduced in 2020, prominently features the Supermarine Spitfire.<a href="#cite_note-219">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[206]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications_(Spitfire_Mk_Vb)">Specifications (Spitfire Mk Vb)</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Specifications (Spitfire Mk Vb)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spitfire_VB_222_Sqn_RAF_in_flight_1942.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Spitfire_VB_222_Sqn_RAF_in_flight_1942.jpg/220px-Spitfire_VB_222_Sqn_RAF_in_flight_1942.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Spitfire_VB_222_Sqn_RAF_in_flight_1942.jpg/330px-Spitfire_VB_222_Sqn_RAF_in_flight_1942.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Spitfire_VB_222_Sqn_RAF_in_flight_1942.jpg/440px-Spitfire_VB_222_Sqn_RAF_in_flight_1942.jpg 2x" data-file-width="655" data-file-height="488" /></a><figcaption>Spitfire VB of <a href="/wiki/No._222_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 222 Squadron RAF">222 Squadron</a>, 1942</figcaption></figure> The Spitfire's performance improved greatly as WWII progressed; for more information, see <a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_variants:_specifications,_performance_and_armament" title="Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament">Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament</a>. Data from Spitfire: The History and Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II.<a href="#cite_note-221">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-jane-222">[208]</a>General characteristics <ul><li>Crew: 1</li> <li>Length: 29 ft 11 in (9.12 m)</li> <li>Wingspan: 36 ft 10 in (11.23 m)</li> <li>Height: 11 ft 5 in (3.48 m)</li> <li>Wing area: 242.1 sq ft (22.49 m2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airfoil" title="Airfoil">Airfoil</a>: root: <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 2213</a>; tip: <a href="/wiki/NACA_airfoil" title="NACA airfoil">NACA 2209.4</a></li> <li>Empty weight: 5,065 lb (2,297 kg)</li> <li>Gross weight: 6,622 lb (3,004 kg)</li> <li>Max takeoff weight: 6,700 lb (3,039 kg)</li> <li>Powerplant: 1 × <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Merlin_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Rolls-Royce Merlin 45">Rolls-Royce Merlin 45</a> V-12 liquid-cooled piston engine, 1,470 hp (1,100 kW) <a href="#cite_note-223">[nb 15]</a></li> <li>Propellers: 3-bladed <a href="/wiki/Rotol" class="mw-redirect" title="Rotol">Rotol</a> constant-speed propeller</li></ul> Performance <ul><li>Maximum speed: 370 mph (600 km/h, 320 kn)</li> <li>Range: 479 mi (771 km, 416 nmi)</li> <li>Combat range: 248 mi (399 km, 216 nmi)</li> <li>Ferry range: 1,100 mi (1,800 km, 960 nmi) with fuel tank</li> <li>Service ceiling: 36,500 ft (11,100 m)</li> <li>Rate of climb: 2,600 ft/min (13 m/s)</li> <li>Wing loading: 27.35 lb/sq ft (133.5 kg/m2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power-to-weight_ratio" title="Power-to-weight ratio">Power/mass</a>: 0.22 hp/lb (0.36 kW/kg)</li></ul> Armament <ul><li>Guns: <ul><li>A wing <ul><li>8 × .303 in Browning Mk II* machine guns (350 rounds per gun)</li></ul></li> <li>B wing <ul><li>2 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II (60 rounds per gun)</li> <li>4 × .303 in Browning Mk II* machine guns (350 rounds per gun)</li></ul></li> <li>C wing <ul><li>4 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannon (120 rounds per gun)</li></ul></li> <li>C wing (Alt.) <ul><li>2 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II (120 rounds per gun)</li> <li>4 × .303 in Browning Mk II* machine guns (350 rounds per gun)</li></ul></li> <li>E wing <ul><li>2 × 20 mm Hispano Mk II cannon (120 rounds per gun)</li> <li>2 × .50 in M2 Browning machine guns (250 rounds per gun)</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Rockets: 2 RP-3 rockets (1 under each wing)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/28px-Aviacionavion.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/42px-Aviacionavion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Aviacionavion.png/56px-Aviacionavion.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1600" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Aviation" title="Portal:Aviation">Aviation portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_of_the_Battle_of_Britain" title="Aircraft of the Battle of Britain">Aircraft of the Battle of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allied_technological_cooperation_during_World_War_II" title="Allied technological cooperation during World War II">Allied technological cooperation during World War II</a></li></ul> Related development <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6B" title="Supermarine S.6B">Supermarine S.6B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Supermarine Seafire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spiteful" title="Supermarine Spiteful">Supermarine Spiteful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafang" title="Supermarine Seafang">Supermarine Seafang</a></li></ul> Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">Bell P-39 Airacobra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">Curtiss P-40 Warhawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dewoitine_D.520" title="Dewoitine D.520">Dewoitine D.520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">Hawker Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_112" title="Heinkel He 112">Heinkel He 112</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Bf_109" title="Messerschmitt Bf 109">Messerschmitt Bf 109</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-3" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3">Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">North American P-51 Mustang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-1" title="Yakovlev Yak-1">Yakovlev Yak-1</a></li></ul> Related lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Supermarine_Spitfire_topics" title="List of Supermarine Spitfire topics">List of Supermarine Spitfire topics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_produced_aircraft" class="mw-redirect" title="List of most produced aircraft">List of most produced aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force">List of aircraft of the Royal Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_World_War_II" title="List of aircraft of World War II">List of aircraft of World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Supermarine_Spitfires" title="List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires">List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> PV coming from "Private Venture"; the engine was developed at Rolls Royce without government funding </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> For many years, considerable debate occurred over the date of the first flight being 5 or 6 March. Many of Supermarine's records from this era were destroyed during a bombing raid in 1940, and none of the surviving documents seemed to pin this down. This matter was almost conclusively answered in 1985 by aviation author Alfred Price, who received an account sheet with a handwritten note updating a line from "Not yet flown" to "Flew 5 Mar 36". See Spitfire: A Complete Fighting History, 1991, pp. 165–166. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Although this is often perceived as Summers implying the Spitfire was flawless, this is not the case. What he meant was that he wanted nothing touched, especially the control settings, until he had consulted with Mitchell and the design team and suggested some improvements.<a href="#cite_note-18">[16]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> The Air Ministry submitted a list of possible names to Vickers-Armstrong for the new aircraft, then known as the Type 300. One of these was the improbable Shrew. The name Spitfire was suggested by <a href="/wiki/Sir_Robert_McLean" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Robert McLean">Sir Robert McLean</a>, director of Vickers-Armstrongs at the time, who called his spirited elder daughter Annie Penrose "a little spitfire".<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a> The word is recorded since at least 1801 and refers to a fiery, ferocious type of person; at the time, it usually meant a girl or woman of that temperament.<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a> Previously, the name had been used unofficially for Mitchell's earlier F7/30 Type 224 design. Mitchell is reported to have said it was "just the sort of bloody silly name they would choose".<a href="#cite_note-McKinstry_2007,_p._55.-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> The pilot standing in front of the aircraft is prewar Olympic hurdler, Sqn. Ldr. Donald O. Finlay, the commanding officer of 41 Squadron from September 1940 to August 1941, who adopted the aircraft as his personal mount. The same day P7666 was delivered to the squadron, 23 November 1940, Finlay destroyed a Bf 109 on his first operational sortie in the aircraft. </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> A "Spitfire Lane" can be found on the road between Salisbury and <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Hampshire" title="Andover, Hampshire">Andover</a> leading to the Chattis Hill aerodrome. </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> The test pilots were based at Highpost and flown by light aircraft to the other airfields. </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> Glancey notes that Rolls-Royce saw the potential of the He 70 as a flying test-bed for prototype engines, sending a team to Germany to buy one of the aircraft direct from Heinkel. The German government approved the deal, but only in return for a number of <a href="/wiki/Rolls-Royce_Kestrel" title="Rolls-Royce Kestrel">Rolls-Royce Kestrel</a> engines. He also notes that Shenstone had worked with <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Heinkel" title="Ernst Heinkel">Ernst Heinkel</a> in Germany.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_2006,_pp._37–38-11">[10]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> Starting with the Merlin XII fitted in Spitfire Mk IIs in late 1940 this was changed to a 70% water-30% glycol mix. </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> The fabric used for aircraft control surfaces had to be as light and as strong as possible: <a href="/wiki/Irish_linen" title="Irish linen">Irish linen</a> was often used, or Grade A cotton. Once the material was stretched and doped, it was weatherproof and aerodynamically smooth. <a href="#cite_note-88">[79]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> On the ground, the flaps were normally lowered only for inspection or for maintenance. Pilots who forgot to raise the flaps after landing often found themselves paying a fine. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> This aircraft survived the war, only to be scrapped in 1945. The first pilot to fly K9789 was Squadron Leader Henry Cozens, whose career had begun in 1917 with the <a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Camel" title="Sopwith Camel">Sopwith Camel</a> and ended after flying <a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">Meteor</a> and <a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">Vampire</a> jets.<a href="#cite_note-Glancey_2006,_p._61-36">[32]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> The second cockpit of this aircraft has been lowered and is now below the front cockpit. This modification is known as the Grace Canopy Conversion, and was designed by Nick Grace, who rebuilt ML407.<a href="#cite_note-Grace_Spitfire_ML407.-160">[148]</a> (For further details on surviving Spitfires see <a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Supermarine_Spitfires" title="List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires">List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> Both of these airframes have a significant history in that they were acquired in the Second World War and used in the first war drives, which preceded the US entry into the conflict. The Spitfire, donated by the British government in 1940, was the first example to come to the United States, and was used extensively as a propaganda tool, alongside the Stuka, recovered from the Middle East.<a href="#cite_note-Chicago-182">[169]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> The Merlin 46 and Merlin 50 were also used in the VB. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citations">Citations</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Ethell_p._12-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ethell_p._12_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethell_p._12_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethell_p._12_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethell_p._12_1-3">d</a> Ethel 1997, p. 12. </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/ireland/af/irl-af-all-time.htm">"Ireland Air Force"</a>; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101201103000/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/waf/ireland/af/irl-af-all-time.htm">Archived</a> 1 December 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. aeroflight.co. Retrieved 27 September 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-Ethell_p._117-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ethell_p._117_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ethell_p._117_3-1">b</a> Ethell 1997, p. 117. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Ethell 1997, p. 6. </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrews_Supermarine,_p._206-5"><a href="#cite_ref-Andrews_Supermarine,_p._206_5-0">^</a> Andrews and Morgan 1987, p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-document_p._16-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-document_p._16_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-document_p._16_6-1">b</a> Price 1977, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> Price 1982, p. 16. </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Price 1982, p. 17. </li> <li id="cite_note-document_p._20-10"><a href="#cite_ref-document_p._20_10-0">^</a> Price 1977, p. 20. </li> <li id="cite_note-Glancey_2006,_pp._37–38-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glancey_2006,_pp._37–38_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glancey_2006,_pp._37–38_11-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glancey_2006,_pp._37–38_11-2">c</a> Glancey 2006, pp. 37–38. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> Price 2002 p21 </li> <li id="cite_note-document_p._32-13"><a href="#cite_ref-document_p._32_13-0">^</a> Price 2003, p. 21. </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> Price 2002 p23 </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> Gunston et al. 1992, p. 334. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Quill 1983, p. 71. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> Fleischman, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airspacemag.com/history-of-flight/spits_and_canes.html">"Best of Battle of Britain."</a> <a href="/wiki/Air_%26_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Air & Space">Air & Space</a>, March 2008. Retrieved 3 April 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Price 2002, p. 38. </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/air-force-obituaries/8849075/Annie-Penrose.html">"Annie Penrose."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160113152117/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/military-obituaries/air-force-obituaries/8849075/Annie-Penrose.html">Archived</a> 13 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Telegraph, 25 October 2011. Retrieved 7 November 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/spitfire" class="extiw" title="wikt:spitfire">Wiktionary: spitfire</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKinstry_2007,_p._55.-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKinstry_2007,_p._55._24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKinstry_2007,_p._55._24-1">b</a> McKinstry 2007, p. 55. </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Deighton 1977, p. 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> Glancey 2006, p. 43. </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Edwardes-Jones.htm">Humphrey Edwardes-Jones</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110324043740/http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Edwardes-Jones.htm">Archived</a> 24 March 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. rafweb.org </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Glancey 2006, p. 44. </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Ethell 1997, p. 11. </li> <li id="cite_note-Price_p._61-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Price_p._61_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Price_p._61_31-1">b</a> Price 1982, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-price_document,_p._25_9-32"><a href="#cite_ref-price_document,_p._25_9_32-0">^</a> Price 1977, pp. 25, 27. </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_33-1">b</a> Morgan and Shacklady 2000, p. 45. </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> Price 1982, p. 65. </li> <li id="cite_note-Price_p._67-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Price_p._67_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Price_p._67_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Price_p._67_35-2">c</a> Price 1982, p. 67. </li> <li id="cite_note-Glancey_2006,_p._61-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glancey_2006,_p._61_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glancey_2006,_p._61_36-1">b</a> Glancey 2006, p. 61. </li> <li id="cite_note-Philpott2006-38"><a href="#cite_ref-Philpott2006_38-0">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFIan_Philpott2006" class="citation book cs1">Ian Philpott (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XDHAAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA49">The Royal Air Force – Volume 2: An Encyclopedia of the Inter-War Years 1930–1939</a>. 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Shrewsbury, England: Airlife. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-906393-35-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-906393-35-3"><bdi>0-906393-35-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11437258">11437258</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Not+much+of+an+engineer+%3A+an+autobiography&rft.place=Shrewsbury%2C+England&rft.pub=Airlife&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11437258&rft.isbn=0-906393-35-3&rft.aulast=Hooker&rft.aufirst=Sir+Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F11437258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> McKinstry 2007, p. 205. </li> <li id="cite_note-McKinstry_2007,_p._206.-110"><a href="#cite_ref-McKinstry_2007,_p._206._110-0">^</a> McKinstry 2007, p. 206. </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230412170535/https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196284/supermarine-spitfire-mk-vc/">"Supermarine Spitfire Mk. Vc"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196284/supermarine-spitfire-mk-vc/">the original</a> on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+the+United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Supermarine+Spitfire+Mk.+Vc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmuseum.af.mil%2FVisit%2FMuseum-Exhibits%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F196284%2Fsupermarine-spitfire-mk-vc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_p._93-112"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_p._93_112-0">^</a> Williams and Gustin 2003, p. 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_pp._16,_93-94-113"><a href="#cite_ref-Williams_pp._16,_93-94_113-0">^</a> Williams and Gustin 2003, pp. 16, 93–94. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_pp._93–4-114">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_pp._93–4_114-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_pp._93–4_114-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_pp._93–4_114-2">c</a> Williams and Gustin 2003, pp. 93–94. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeith1946" class="citation book cs1">Keith, Claude Hilton (1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CRUZAAAAIAAJ">I Hold My Aim</a>. G. Allen and Unwin Limited. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Hold+My+Aim&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=G.+Allen+and+Unwin+Limited&rft.date=1946&rft.aulast=Keith&rft.aufirst=Claude+Hilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCRUZAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Keith_C.H._p._128-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Keith_C.H._p._128_116-0">^</a> Keith 1946, p. 128. </li> <li id="cite_note-Williams_p._95-117">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_p._95_117-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_p._95_117-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Williams_p._95_117-2">c</a> Williams and Gustin 2003, p. 95. </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> Buttler 2004, pp. 35, 50. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> McKinstry 2007, pp. 181–184. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> McKinstry 2007, pp. 118, 244–245. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> McKinstry 2007, p. 222. </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> Price 1995, pp. 34, 37, 38, 55, 89, 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> Price 1996, pp. 17, 35–37, 41, 62, 66, 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> Stokes 1983, pp. 16, 191–194. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Price 1996, pp. 17, 44, 55, 64, 93. </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Price 1996, pp. 11–13, 17, 42, 64, 67–68, 92. </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> Price 1995, pp. 56–57. </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> Price 1995, pp. 47, 82–83, 95–96. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> Vader 1969, p. 153. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Glancey 2006, pp. 102–103. </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Holland 2003, p. 232. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZlobin2006" class="citation web cs1">Zlobin, Igor (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lend-lease.airforce.ru/english/articles/spit/index.htm">"Spitfires over the Kuban"</a>. Lend-lease on airforce.ru. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170705080832/http://lend-lease.airforce.ru/english/articles/spit/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2017. Retrieved 30 October 2017. <q>Along with British Hurricanes, the Soviet Air Force (voyenno-vozdushnyye sily – VVS) also managed to fly another aircraft of the Royal Air Force as a front-line fighter – the Spitfire Mk. Vb. In the West, this airplane is feted as the winner of the Battle of Britain, and is also a national symbol of World War II. In the skies of Russia, these fighters became participants in 1943 in the bloodiest battles over the Kuban.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lend-lease+on+airforce.ru&rft.atitle=Spitfires+over+the+Kuban&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Zlobin&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flend-lease.airforce.ru%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2Fspit%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> Smith 2015, pp. 146–149. </li> <li id="cite_note-Spick_p.165-135"><a href="#cite_ref-Spick_p.165_135-0">^</a> Spick 1997, p. 165. </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichol2018" class="citation book cs1">Nichol, John (2018). Spitfire [English] (1st ed.). London: Simon & Schuster UK Ltd. pp. 312–318. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4711-7688-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4711-7688-3"><bdi>978-1-4711-7688-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spitfire&rft.place=London&rft.pages=312-318&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster+UK+Ltd&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4711-7688-3&rft.aulast=Nichol&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-Young_2013_36-137"><a href="#cite_ref-Young_2013_36_137-0">^</a> Young 2013, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> Young 2013, p. 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> Nijboer 2009, p. 4. </li> <li id="cite_note-Glancey_pp._122–3-140"><a href="#cite_ref-Glancey_pp._122–3_140-0">^</a> Glancey 2006, pp. 122–123. </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Morison 1958, p. 256. </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSaunders1954" class="citation book cs1">Saunders, Hilary St. George (1954). Royal Air Force 1939–1945. Vol. III. London: HMSO. pp. 362–363.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Air+Force+1939%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pages=362-363&rft.pub=HMSO&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Saunders&rft.aufirst=Hilary+St.+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.4thfightergroupassociation.org/history.html">"The 4th Fighter Group 1942–1945"</a>. The Official Site of the 4th Fighter Group – World War II. Association of the 4th Fighter Group – World War II. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171205042136/http://www.4thfightergroupassociation.org/history.html">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 4 December 2017. <q>In between 29 September 1942 and 2 November 1945, the 4th – flying well over 400 combat missions in Spitfires, Thunderbolts and Mustangs – compiled an impressive record of accomplishments and topped all 8th Air Force fighter groups with 1016 enemy aircraft destroyed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Official+Site+of+the+4th+Fighter+Group+%E2%80%93+World+War+II&rft.atitle=The+4th+Fighter+Group+1942%E2%80%931945&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.4thfightergroupassociation.org%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoblin2017" class="citation web cs1">Roblin, Sebastien (22 August 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220402195131/https://warisboring.com/americas-spitfires/">"America's Spitfires"</a>. <a href="/wiki/War_Is_Boring" class="mw-redirect" title="War Is Boring">War Is Boring</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://warisboring.com/americas-spitfires/">the original</a> on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=War+Is+Boring&rft.atitle=America%27s+Spitfires&rft.date=2017-08-22&rft.aulast=Roblin&rft.aufirst=Sebastien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarisboring.com%2Famericas-spitfires%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609040927/https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196278/supermarine-spitfire-prxi/">"Supermarine Spitfire PR.XI"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_the_United_States_Air_Force" title="National Museum of the United States Air Force">National Museum of the United States Air Force</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Air Force">U.S. Air Force</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/196278/supermarine-spitfire-prxi/">the original</a> on 9 June 2023. Retrieved 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Museum+of+the+United+States+Air+Force&rft.atitle=Supermarine+Spitfire+PR.XI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalmuseum.af.mil%2FVisit%2FMuseum-Exhibits%2FFact-Sheets%2FDisplay%2FArticle%2F196278%2Fsupermarine-spitfire-prxi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> Gilman and Clive (1978), p. 314. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> Eric Brown, 'Wings on my Shoulders', 2007, p. 74 </li> <li id="cite_note-Aircraft_performance_and_design_(pdf_file)pp.5–6-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aircraft_performance_and_design_(pdf_file)pp.5–6_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aircraft_performance_and_design_(pdf_file)pp.5–6_148-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eaach1.org/Design/DGIIcom2.pdf">Aircraft performance and design (pdf file) pp. 5–6.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080910112817/http://www.eaach1.org/Design/DGIIcom2.pdf">Archived</a> 10 September 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 14 July 2008. </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1944/1944%20-%201304.html">"Flight Archive: Air Force Cross."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120306152516/http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1944/1944%20-%201304.html">Archived</a> 6 March 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Flight, 22 June 1944. Retrieved 7 November 2012. </li> <li id="cite_note-Discussion-150"><a href="#cite_ref-Discussion_150-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.space.co.uk/DataBank/VideoGallery/VideoPlayer/tabid/384/VideoId/33/Test-Pilot-Discussion.aspx">"UK Space Conference 2008: Test Pilot Discussion."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724145755/http://www.space.co.uk/DataBank/VideoGallery/VideoPlayer/tabid/384/VideoId/33/Test-Pilot-Discussion.aspx">Archived</a> 24 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> space.co.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120713003402/http://obituaries.citizen-times.com/obituaries/obit.php?id=51681">Ted Powles</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> Quill 1983, p. 268. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Price 1991, p. 99. </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Quill 1993, p. 135. </li> <li id="cite_note-Flintham-155"><a href="#cite_ref-Flintham_155-0">^</a> Flintham 1990, pp. 254–263. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowyer_p._64-156"><a href="#cite_ref-Bowyer_p._64_156-0">^</a> Bowyer 1984, p. 84. </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowyer_p._47-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowyer_p._47_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowyer_p._47_157-1">b</a> Bowyer 1980, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-Price_2002,_p._224-158">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Price_2002,_p._224_158-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Price_2002,_p._224_158-1">b</a> Price 2002, p. 224. </li> <li id="cite_note-Price_2002,_p._223-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Price_2002,_p._223_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Price_2002,_p._223_159-1">b</a> Price 2002, p. 223. </li> <li id="cite_note-Grace_Spitfire_ML407.-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grace_Spitfire_ML407._160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grace_Spitfire_ML407._160-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ml407.co.uk/">"Grace Spitfire ML407."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130921131912/http://www.ml407.co.uk/">Archived</a> 21 September 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Grace Spitfire, UK. Retrieved 27 September 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Brown 1978, p. 181. </li> <li id="cite_note-Glancey_p._108-163"><a href="#cite_ref-Glancey_p._108_163-0">^</a> Glancey 2006, p. 108. </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Brown 1978, p. 185. </li> <li id="cite_note-Price_WoF_pt2,_p._40-165"><a href="#cite_ref-Price_WoF_pt2,_p._40_165-0">^</a> Price Wings of Fame 1999, p. 40. </li> <li id="cite_note-Price_WoF_pt_2,_p._36-166"><a href="#cite_ref-Price_WoF_pt_2,_p._36_166-0">^</a> Price Wings of Fame 1999, p. 36. </li> <li id="cite_note-Andrews&Morgan_pp._255–6-167"><a href="#cite_ref-Andrews&Morgan_pp._255–6_167-0">^</a> Andrews and Morgan 1987, pp. 255–256. </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> Price 2002, p. 191. </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> Vader 1969, pp. 135–141. </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> Thomas 2008, p. 77. </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> Thomas 2008, pp. 84, 85. </li> <li id="cite_note-deltaweb-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-deltaweb_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-deltaweb_172-1">b</a> Whitehead, Christopher. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deltaweb.co.uk/spitfire/post_war.htm">"The Supermarine Spitfire, an operational history."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090904153435/http://www.deltaweb.co.uk/spitfire/post_war.htm">Archived</a> 4 September 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> DeltaWeb International, 1996. Retrieved 30 August 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-81squadron-173"><a href="#cite_ref-81squadron_173-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://81squadron.com/NOTABLE%20PLANES.htm">"Notable Planes."</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100103085128/http://81squadron.com/NOTABLE%20PLANES.htm">Archived</a> 3 January 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> 81 squadron, 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> Morgan and Shacklady 1993, p. 457. </li> <li id="cite_note-Green_p._91-175"><a href="#cite_ref-Green_p._91_175-0">^</a> Green 2007, p. 91. </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> McKinstry 2007, pp. 379–380. </li> <li id="cite_note-Price_p._158-177"><a href="#cite_ref-Price_p._158_177-0">^</a> Price 1991, p. 158. </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adf-serials.com.au/2a58.htm">"ADF Serials – Spitfire"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ADF+Serials+%E2%80%93+Spitfire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adf-serials.com.au%2F2a58.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adf-serials.com.au/spitfire.htm">"ADF Serials – Spitfire"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ADF+Serials+%E2%80%93+Spitfire&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adf-serials.com.au%2Fspitfire.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Isbn-9780953034512-173-176-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Isbn-9780953034512-173-176_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/research/RAF-Historical-Society-Journals/Journal-29A-Seminar-Reserve-Auxiliary-Forces.pdf">Royal Air Force Reserve and Auxiliary Forces</a> (PDF). UK: RAF Museum. 2003. pp. 173–176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780953034512" title="Special:BookSources/9780953034512"><bdi>9780953034512</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016172859/https://www.rafmuseum.org.uk/documents/research/RAF-Historical-Society-Journals/Journal-29A-Seminar-Reserve-Auxiliary-Forces.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 16 October 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+Air+Force+Reserve+and+Auxiliary+Forces&rft.place=UK&rft.pages=173-176&rft.pub=RAF+Museum&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780953034512&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rafmuseum.org.uk%2Fdocuments%2Fresearch%2FRAF-Historical-Society-Journals%2FJournal-29A-Seminar-Reserve-Auxiliary-Forces.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFflying-admin2019" class="citation web cs1">flying-admin (5 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://flyaspitfire.com/2019/02/05/five-little-known-spitfire-facts/">"Five little-known spitfire facts"</a>. Fly a Spitfire. 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Retrieved 7 December 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Spitfire+flies+after+replica+fear&rft.date=2022-06-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fkent%2F3784897.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21483187">"Search for 'buried Spitfires' in Burma called off"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130529115323/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-21483187">Archived</a> 29 May 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. BBC News, 16 February 2013. 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The Kent Battle of Britain Museum. Retrieved 19 July 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KBBM+News&rft.pub=The+Kent+Battle+of+Britain+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kbobm.org%2Fnews_events.html%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-12441241.html">"Roundabout is Real Highflyer"</a>. Birmingham Evening Mail. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513064700/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-12441241.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2013. 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Retrieved 20 July 2017. <q>The scenes set in the days leading up to the onset of the Second World War feature late model Mark XVI Spitfires with 'teardrop' canopies, four-bladed propellers and cannon in the wings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMDb&rft.atitle=Reach+for+the+Sky+%281956%29+Goofs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt0049665%2Fgoofs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daveswarbirds.com/bob/spitfire.htm">"The Battle of Britain Spitfires"</a>. daveswarbirds.com. 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Retrieved 8 December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newstatesman.com&rft.atitle=How+realistic+are+Dunkirk%27s+Spitfire+flight+scenes%3F&rft.date=2017-08-03&rft.aulast=Murugesu&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fculture%2Ffilm%2F2017%2F08%2Fhow-realistic-are-dunkirks-spitfire-flight-scenes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w13xtv79">"Spitfire: The People's Airplane"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_World_Service" title="BBC World Service">BBC World Service</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Spitfire%3A+The+People%27s+Airplane&rft.pub=BBC+World+Service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fw13xtv79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastleighfc.com/spitfires-launch-a-new-chapter/">"SPITFIRES LAUNCH A NEW CHAPTER | Eastleigh FC"</a>. www.eastleighfc.com. Retrieved 2 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eastleighfc.com&rft.atitle=SPITFIRES+LAUNCH+A+NEW+CHAPTER+%7C+Eastleigh+FC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastleighfc.com%2Fspitfires-launch-a-new-chapter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2020" class="citation web cs1">James, Kieran (10 June 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eastleighnews.co.uk/2020/06/eastleigh-launch-new-logo/">"Eastleigh reveal new logo and launch new chapter"</a>. Eastleigh News. Retrieved 2 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Eastleigh+News&rft.atitle=Eastleigh+reveal+new+logo+and+launch+new+chapter&rft.date=2020-06-10&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Kieran&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eastleighnews.co.uk%2F2020%2F06%2Feastleigh-launch-new-logo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> Morgan and Shacklady 1993, p. 172. </li> <li id="cite_note-jane-222"><a href="#cite_ref-jane_222-0">^</a> Jane 1946, pp. 139–141. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Ackroyd, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aerosociety.com/publications/jah-the-aerodynamics-of-the-spitfire/">"The Aerodynamics of the Spitfire"</a>. Journal of Aeronautical History (2016) 20#1:59–86</li> <li>Air Ministry. A.P 1565B Spitfire IIA and IIB Aeroplanes: Merlin XII Engine, Pilot's Notes. London: Air Data Publications, 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85979-043-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85979-043-6">0-85979-043-6</a>.</li> <li>Air Ministry. Pilot's Notes for Spitfire, IX XI & XVI. Merlin 61, 63, 66, 70 or 266 Engine. London: Air Data Publications, 1946. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000TUWO64">B000TUWO64</a></li> <li>Andrews, C.F. and E.B. Morgan. Supermarine Aircraft since 1914. London: Putnam, 1987. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-800-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-800-3">0-85177-800-3</a>.</li> <li>Bader, Douglas. Fight for the Sky: The Story of the Spitfire and Hurricane. London: Cassell Military Books, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-35674-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-35674-3">0-304-35674-3</a>.</li> <li>Bodie, Warren M. The Lockheed P-38 Lightning: The Definitive Story of Lockheed's P-38 Fighter. Hayesville, North Carolina: Widewing Publications, 2001, first edition 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9629359-5-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-9629359-5-6">0-9629359-5-6</a>.</li> <li>Bowyer, Chaz. Supermarine Spitfire. London, Arms and Armour Press, 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85368-464-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-85368-464-2">0-85368-464-2</a>.</li> <li>Bowyer, Michael. Interceptor Fighters for the Royal Air Force 1935–45. Wellingborough, UK: Patrick Stevens, 1984. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85059-726-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-85059-726-9">0-85059-726-9</a>.</li> <li>Brown, Eric. "Spitfires with Sea Legs, Part two." Air International, Vol. 15, No. 4, October 1978.</li> <li>Bungay, Stephen. The Most Dangerous Enemy: A History of the Battle of Britain. London: Aurum, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85410-801-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85410-801-8">1-85410-801-8</a>.</li> <li>Buttler, Tony. British Secret Projects: Fighters and Bombers 1935–1950. Hersham, UK: Midland, 2004. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85780-179-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-85780-179-2">1-85780-179-2</a>.</li> <li>Carpenter, Chris. Flightwise: Part 1, Principles of Aircraft Flight. Shrewsbury, UK: AirLife, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85310-719-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85310-719-0">1-85310-719-0</a>.</li> <li>Cross, Roy and Gerald Scarborough. Messerschmitt Bf 109, Versions B-E. London: Patrick Stevens, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85059-106-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-85059-106-6">0-85059-106-6</a>.</li> <li>Cull, Brian with Fredrick Galea. Spitfires Over Malta: The Epic Air Battles of 1942. London: Grub Street, 2005. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-904943-30-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-904943-30-6">1-904943-30-6</a>.</li> <li>Danel, Raymond and Jean Cuny. Docavia n°4: le Dewoitine D.520 (in French). Paris, France: Editions Larivière, 1966.</li> <li>Deere, Brendon. Spitfire: Return to Flight. Palmerston North, NZ: ITL Aviation Limited, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-473-16711-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-473-16711-0">978-0-473-16711-0</a>.</li> <li>Deighton, Len. Fighter: The True Story of the Battle of Britain. London: Grafton 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-1208-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-1208-3">0-7858-1208-3</a>.</li> <li>Delve, Ken. The Story of the Spitfire: An Operational and Combat History. London: Greenhill books, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-725-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85367-725-0">978-1-85367-725-0</a>.</li> <li>Dibbs, John and Tony Holmes. Spitfire: Flying Legend. Southampton, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84176-005-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-84176-005-6">1-84176-005-6</a>.</li> <li>Eforgan, Estel. Leslie Howard: The Lost Actor. London: Mitchell Vallentine & Company, 2010. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85303-941-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85303-941-9">978-0-85303-941-9</a>.</li> <li>Ethell, Jeffrey L. World War II in the Air. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55750-249-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-55750-249-8">1-55750-249-8</a>.</li> <li>Ethell, Jeffrey L. and Steve Pace. Spitfire. St. Paul, Minnesota: Motorbooks International, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0300-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-0300-2">0-7603-0300-2</a>.</li> <li>Flack, Jeremy. Spitfire – The World's Most Famous Fighter. London: Chancellor Press, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85152-637-4" title="Special:BookSources/1-85152-637-4">1-85152-637-4</a>.</li> <li>Flintham, Victor. Air Wars and Aircraft: A Detailed Record of Air Combat, 1945 to the Present. New York: Facts on File, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-2356-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-2356-5">0-8160-2356-5</a>.</li> <li>Gerdessen, Frederik. "Estonian Air Power 1918–1945". <a href="/wiki/Air_Enthusiast" title="Air Enthusiast">Air Enthusiast</a>, No. 18, April–July 1982. pp. 61–76. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/search?fq=x0:jrnl&q=n2:0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</li> <li>Gilman J.D. and J. Clive. KG 200. London: Pan Books Ltd., 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85177-819-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-85177-819-4">0-85177-819-4</a></li> <li>Glancey, Jonathan. Spitfire: The Illustrated Biography. London: Atlantic Books, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-528-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84354-528-6">978-1-84354-528-6</a>.</li> <li>Green, Peter. "Spitfire Against a Lightning". Flypast, No. 315, October 2007.</li> <li>Green, William. Famous Fighters of the Second World War, 3rd ed. New York: Doubleday, 1975. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-356-08334-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-356-08334-9">0-356-08334-9</a>.</li> <li>Green, William. Messerschmitt Bf 109: The Augsburg Eagle; A Documentary History. London: Macdonald and Jane's Publishing Group Ltd., 1980. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7106-0005-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7106-0005-4">0-7106-0005-4</a>.</li> <li>Green, William and Gordon Swanborough. The Great Book of Fighters. St. Paul, Minnesota: MBI Publishing, 2001. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-1194-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-1194-3">0-7603-1194-3</a>.</li> <li>Gueli, Marco. "Spitfire con Coccarde Italiane (Spitfire in Italian service)." (in Italian) Storia Militare n. 62, November 1998.</li> <li>Gunston, Bill et al. "Supermarine unveils its high-performance monoplane today (5 March)." The Chronicle of Aviation. Liberty, Missouri: JL International Publishing, 1992. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-872031-30-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-872031-30-7">1-872031-30-7</a>.</li> <li>Henshaw, Alex. Sigh for a Merlin: Testing the Spitfire: 2nd Revised edition . London: Crecy Publishing, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-947554-83-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-947554-83-5">978-0-947554-83-5</a>.</li> <li>Henshaw, Alex. "Spitfire: A Test Pilot's Defence." Aeroplane Monthly, Vol. 9, Issue No. 269, September 1995.</li> <li>Holland, James. Fortress Malta: An Island Under Siege, 1940–1943. New York: Miramax Books, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4013-5186-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-4013-5186-7">1-4013-5186-7</a>.</li> <li>Holmes, Tony. Spitfire vs Bf 109: Battle of Britain. London: Osprey Aerospace, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-190-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84603-190-8">978-1-84603-190-8</a></li> <li>Jackson, Robert. Aircraft of World War II: Development, Weaponry, Specifications. Edison, New Jersey: Chartwell Books, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-1696-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-1696-8">0-7858-1696-8</a>.</li> <li>Jane, Fred T. "The Supermarine Spitfire." Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London: Studio, 1946. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85170-493-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-85170-493-0">1-85170-493-0</a>.</li> <li>Jane, Fred T. Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II (repr). New York: Crescent Books, 1998. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-67964-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-67964-7">0-517-67964-7</a>.</li> <li>Keith, C.H. I Hold My Aim. George, Allen and Unwin Ltd, London, 1946.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence1945" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence, Joseph (1945). The Observer's Book Of Airplanes. London and New York: Frederick Warne & Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Observer%27s+Book+Of+Airplanes&rft.place=London+and+New+York&rft.pub=Frederick+Warne+%26+Co&rft.date=1945&rft.aulast=Lawrence&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Lednicer, David A. "Technical Note: A CFD Evaluation of Three Prominent World War II Fighter Aircraft." Aeronautical Journal, Royal Aeronautical Society, June/July 1995.</li> <li>Lednicer, David A. "World War II Fighter Aerodynamics." EAA Sport Aviation, January 1999.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLopez1990" class="citation journal cs1">Lopez, Mario Canoniga (August–November 1990). "Fighters of the Cross of Christ". Air Enthusiast (13): 13–25. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Fighters+of+the+Cross+of+Christ&rft.issue=13&rft.pages=13-25&rft.date=1990-08%2F1990-11&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=Mario+Canoniga&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"></li> <li>McKinstry, Leo. Spitfire: Portrait of a Legend. London: John Murray, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7195-6874-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7195-6874-9">0-7195-6874-9</a>.</li> <li>Morgan, Eric B. and Edward Shacklady. Spitfire: The History (4th rev. edn.). London: Key Publishing, 1993. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946219-10-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-946219-10-9">0-946219-10-9</a>.</li> <li>Morgan, Eric B. and Edward Shacklady. Spitfire: The History (5th rev. edn.). London: Key Publishing, 2000. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-946219-48-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-946219-48-6">0-946219-48-6</a>.</li> <li>Morison, Samuel Eliot. Breaking the Bismarcks Barrier. <a href="/wiki/History_of_United_States_Naval_Operations_in_World_War_II" title="History of United States Naval Operations in World War II">History of United States Naval Operations in World War II</a>, Volume 6. Castle Books, 1958. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-1307-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-1307-1">0-7858-1307-1</a></li> <li>Moss, Graham and Barry McKee. Spitfires and Polished Metal: Restoring the Classic Fighter. Marlborough, Wiltshire, UK: Airlife, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7603-0741-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7603-0741-5">0-7603-0741-5</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. "The Birth of a Thoroughbred." Aeroplane, Volume 34, Number 3, No. 395, March 2006.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. Late Marque Spitfire Aces 1942–1945. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-575-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-575-6">1-85532-575-6</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. Spitfire: A Documentary History. London: Macdonald and Jane's, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-354-01077-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-354-01077-8">0-354-01077-8</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. Spitfire a Complete Fighting History. Enderby, Leicester, UK: The Promotional Reprint Company Limited, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85648-015-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-85648-015-1">1-85648-015-1</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. The Spitfire Story. London: Jane's Publishing Company Ltd., 1982. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86720-624-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-86720-624-1">0-86720-624-1</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. The Spitfire Story: Second edition. London: Arms and Armour Press Ltd., 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85368-861-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-85368-861-3">0-85368-861-3</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. Spitfire: Fighter Supreme. London: Arms and Armour Press, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85409-056-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85409-056-9">1-85409-056-9</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. "Supermarine Spitfire (Merlin-engined variants)". Wings of Fame, Volume 9, 1997, pp. 30–93. London: Aerospace. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86184-001-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-86184-001-2">1-86184-001-2</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. "Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-engined variants and Seafire)" Wings of Fame, Volume 16, 1999, pp. 30–85. London: Aerospace. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86184-037-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-86184-037-3">1-86184-037-3</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. The Spitfire Story: New edited edition. London: Weidenfeld Military, 1999. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85409-514-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85409-514-5">1-85409-514-5</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred. The Spitfire Story: Revised second edition. Enderby, Leicester, UK: Siverdale Books, 2002. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84425-819-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84425-819-2">978-1-84425-819-2</a>.</li> <li>Price, Alfred and Mike Spick. Handbook of Great Aircraft of WW II. Enderby, Leicester, UK: The Promotional Reprint Company Limited, 1997. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7858-0669-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7858-0669-5">0-7858-0669-5</a>.</li> <li>Quill, Jeffrey. Birth of a Legend: The Spitfire. London: Quiller Press, 1986. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907621-64-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-907621-64-3">0-907621-64-3</a>.</li> <li>Quill, Jeffrey. Spitfire: A Test Pilot's Story. London: John Murray, 1983, New edition: Crecy Publishing 1996, reprinted 1998, 2001, 2005, 2008. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-947554-72-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-947554-72-9">978-0-947554-72-9</a></li> <li>Rearden, Jim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wn_xAAAAMAAJ">Koga's Zero: The Fighter That Changed World War II</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-929521-56-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-929521-56-0">0-929521-56-0</a>, second edition, Missoula, Montana: Pictorial Histories Publishing Company, 1995. Originally published as Cracking the Zero Mystery: How the US Learned to Beat Japan's Vaunted WWII Fighter Plane <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-2235-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8117-2235-3">978-0-8117-2235-3</a>.</li> <li>Shores, Christopher and Brian Cull with Nicola Malizia. Malta: The Spitfire Year. London: Grub Street, 1991. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-948817-16-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-948817-16-X">0-948817-16-X</a>.</li> <li>Smallwood, Hugh. Spitfire in Blue. London: Osprey Aerospace, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85532-615-9" title="Special:BookSources/1-85532-615-9">1-85532-615-9</a>.</li> <li>Spick, Mike. Supermarine Spitfire. New York: Gallery Books, 1990. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8317-1403-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8317-1403-4">0-8317-1403-4</a>.</li> <li>"Spitfire: Simply Superb, Part three." Air International, Volume 28, Number 4, April 1985.</li> <li>Stokes, Doug. Paddy Finucane, Fighter Ace: A Biography of Wing Commander Brendan E. Finucane, D.S.O., D.F.C. and Two Bars. London: William Kimber & Co. Ltd., 1983. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7183-0279-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7183-0279-6">0-7183-0279-6</a>.</li> <li>Tanner, John. The Spitfire V Manual (AP1565E reprint). London: Arms and Armour Press, 1981. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85368-420-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85368-420-0">0-85368-420-0</a>.</li> <li>Vader, John. Spitfire (Ballantine's Illustrated History of World War II). London: Ballantine's Books, 1969.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarnes1999" class="citation journal cs1">Warnes, Alan (March–April 1999). "Hatzerim Album: Spitfires and Meteors at the Israeli Defence Force Museum". Air Enthusiast (80): 76–77. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0143-5450">0143-5450</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Air+Enthusiast&rft.atitle=Hatzerim+Album%3A+Spitfires+and+Meteors+at+the+Israeli+Defence+Force+Museum&rft.issue=80&rft.pages=76-77&rft.date=1999-03%2F1999-04&rft.issn=0143-5450&rft.aulast=Warnes&rft.aufirst=Alan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASupermarine+Spitfire" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Williams, Anthony G. and Dr. Emmanuel Gustin. Flying Guns: World War II. Shrewsbury, UK: Airlife Publishing, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84037-227-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-84037-227-3">1-84037-227-3</a>.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Spitfire&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Supermarine_Spitfire" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Supermarine Spitfire">Supermarine Spitfire</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spitfiresite.com/">The Spitfire Site – resource library about the Supermarine Spitfire</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200817171709/http://spitfiresite.com/">Archived</a> 17 August 2020 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spitfiresociety.org/">Spitfire Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spitfiresocietyeastern.org.uk/">Spitfire Society – Eastern Wing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airhistory.org.uk/spitfire/">Spitfire/Seafire Serial Numbers, production contracts and aircraft histories</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.k5054.com/">K5054 – Supermarine Type 300 prototype Spitfire & production aircraft history</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spitfireperformance.com/spittest.html">Spitfire Performance Testing</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150721205801/http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/supermarinespitfire.cfm">Supermarine Spitfire – History of a legend (RAF Museum)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071206042942/http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/History/Aircraft/Spitfire.html">The Supermarine Spitfire in Indian Air Force Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080715234611/http://www.spitfirepilots.com/">Spitfire Pilots, articles about Spitfires and its pilots</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallery.kitmaker.net/showgallery.php/cat/16259">RAF Museum Spitfire Mk VB walk-around photos</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110723173005/http://gallery.kitmaker.net/showgallery.php/cat/16259">Archived</a> 23 July 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223102410/http://www.airrecce.co.uk/WW2/recce_ac/RAFAR.html">Examples of Photographic Reconnaissance Spitfires</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pacificspitfires.com/">Pacific Spitfires – The Supermarine Spitfire in RAAF Service</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1939/1939-1-%20-%200310.html">A photograph of the 1939 "Speed Spitfire" in Flight</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/items/show/50160">Pilot's notes : the Spitfire I aeroplane : Merlin II or III engine</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digitalcollections.museumofflight.org/">The Museum of Flight Digital Collections</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Template talk:Supermarine Spitfire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Supermarine Spitfire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Supermarine_Spitfire_family" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spitfire</a> family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_224" title="Supermarine Type 224">Type 224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6" title="Supermarine S.6">S.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6B" title="Supermarine S.6B">S.6B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aircraft</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Seafire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spiteful" title="Supermarine Spiteful">Spiteful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafang" title="Supermarine Seafang">Seafang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_prototype_K5054" title="Supermarine Spitfire prototype K5054">Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">Early Merlin-powered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Speed_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Speed Spitfire">Speed Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">Later Merlin-powered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">Griffon-powered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_variants:_specifications,_performance_and_armament" title="Supermarine Spitfire variants: specifications, performance and armament">Specifications, performance and armament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Replicas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_prototype_K5054#Replicas" title="Supermarine Spitfire prototype K5054">Prototype K5054 replicas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaacs_Spitfire" title="Isaacs Spitfire">Isaacs Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurca_Spit" title="Jurca Spit">Jurca Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Aircraft_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Aircraft Spitfire">Supermarine Aircraft Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Warp_Spitfire_Mk_V" title="Time Warp Spitfire Mk V">Time Warp Spitfire Mk V</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_in_fiction#Supermarine_Spitfire" title="Aircraft in fiction">In fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_operational_history" title="Supermarine Spitfire operational history">Operational</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Supermarine_Spitfire_operators" title="List of Supermarine Spitfire operators">operators</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_surviving_Supermarine_Spitfires" title="List of surviving Supermarine Spitfires">Surviving aircraft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable people</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._J._Mitchell" title="R. J. Mitchell">R. J. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverley_Shenstone" title="Beverley Shenstone">Beverley Shenstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith_(aircraft_designer)" title="Joseph Smith (aircraft designer)">Joseph Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_First_of_the_Few" title="The First of the Few">The First of the Few</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Story" title="Malta Story">Malta Story</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reach_for_the_Sky" title="Reach for the Sky">Reach for the Sky</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Britain_(film)" title="Battle of Britain (film)">Battle of Britain</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piece_of_Cake_(TV_series)" title="Piece of Cake (TV series)">Piece of Cake</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Blue_World" title="Dark Blue World">Dark Blue World</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkirk_(2017_film)" title="Dunkirk (2017 film)">Dunkirk</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Supermarine_aircraft" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Supermarine_aircraft" title="Template:Supermarine aircraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Supermarine_aircraft" title="Template talk:Supermarine aircraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Supermarine_aircraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Supermarine aircraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Supermarine_aircraft" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a> aircraft</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Type numbers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">171</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_%22Giant%22" title="Supermarine "Giant"">179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">184</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6" title="Supermarine S.6">186</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6B" title="Supermarine S.6B">187</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">188</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">190</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scapa" title="Supermarine Scapa">221</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1921)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1921)">223</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_224" title="Supermarine Type 224">224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scapa" title="Supermarine Scapa">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1921)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1921)">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scapa" title="Supermarine Scapa">229</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">230</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_231&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 231 (page does not exist)">231</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_232&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 232 (page does not exist)">232</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">234</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scapa" title="Supermarine Scapa">235</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">236</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">237</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_R.2/33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine R.2/33 (page does not exist)">238</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_R.2/33&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine R.2/33 (page does not exist)">239</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_240&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 240 (page does not exist)">240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Vincent" class="mw-redirect" title="Vickers Vincent">301</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_302&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 302 (page does not exist)">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scapa" title="Supermarine Scapa">303</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">304</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">305</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_306&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 306 (page does not exist)">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">307</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_R.12/35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine R.12/35 (page does not exist)">308</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Otter" title="Supermarine Sea Otter">309</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_310&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 310 (page does not exist)">310</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">311</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">312</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_F.37/35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine F.37/35 (page does not exist)">313</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_R.1/36&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine R.1/36 (page does not exist)">314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">315</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_B.12/36" title="Supermarine B.12/36">316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_B.12/36" title="Supermarine B.12/36">317</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_B.12/36" title="Supermarine B.12/36">318</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_319&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 319 (page does not exist)">319</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_B.12/36" title="Supermarine B.12/36">321</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_322" title="Supermarine Type 322">322</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Speed_Spitfire" title="Supermarine Speed Spitfire">323</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_324" title="Supermarine Type 324">324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_324" title="Supermarine Type 324">325</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">326</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_327&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 327 (page does not exist)">327</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_R.5/39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine R.5/39 (page does not exist)">328</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">329</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">330</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">331</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">332</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_N.8/39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine N.8/39 (page does not exist)">333</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_S.6/39&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine S.6/39 (page does not exist)">334</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">335</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">336</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">337</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">338</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_339&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine 339 (page does not exist)">339</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">340</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">341</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">342</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">343</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">344</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">345</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1948)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1948)">347</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">348</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">349</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">350</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">351</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">352</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">353</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">354</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">355</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">356</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">357</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">358</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">359</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">361</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">362</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">363</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">364</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">365</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">366</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(early_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (early Merlin-powered variants)">367</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">368</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">370</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spiteful" title="Supermarine Spiteful">371</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">372</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">374</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">375</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">376</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">377</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">378</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">379</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_322" title="Supermarine Type 322">380</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1948)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1948)">381</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafang" title="Supermarine Seafang">382</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spiteful" title="Supermarine Spiteful">383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">384</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">386</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">387</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">388</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">389</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">390</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_391" title="Supermarine Type 391">391</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">392</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spiteful" title="Supermarine Spiteful">393</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(Griffon-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (Griffon-powered variants)">394</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafang" title="Supermarine Seafang">396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">397</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Otter" title="Supermarine Sea Otter">399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">500</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">501</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Otter" title="Supermarine Sea Otter">503</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_S.14/44&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine S.14/44 (page does not exist)">504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spitfire_(late_Merlin-powered_variants)" title="Supermarine Spitfire (late Merlin-powered variants)">509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">510</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_F.44/46&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine F.44/46 (page does not exist)">511</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">513</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">514</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">515</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">516</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">517</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">520</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_HP.88" title="Handley Page HP.88">521</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">522</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">523</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_524&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 524 (page does not exist)">524</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_525" title="Supermarine Type 525">525</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_525" title="Supermarine Type 525">526</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">527</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">528</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1948)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1948)">530</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">531</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">532</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_533&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 533 (page does not exist)">533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">535</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">539</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">541</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">542</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">543</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_545" title="Supermarine Type 545">545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">546</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">547</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">548</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">549</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">550</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">551</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">552</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_553" title="Supermarine Type 553">553</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_545" title="Supermarine Type 545">554</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">555</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">556</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">557</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">558</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Type_559" title="Vickers Type 559">559</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">560</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">561</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">562</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">563</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">565</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">566</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">567</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_569&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 569 (page does not exist)">569</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_TSR-2" title="BAC TSR-2">571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">572</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_ER.197D&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine ER.197D (page does not exist)">573</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">574</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">575</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">576</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_577&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 577 (page does not exist)">577</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine OR.346 (page does not exist)">581</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine OR.346 (page does not exist)">582</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine OR.346 (page does not exist)">583</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine OR.346 (page does not exist)">584</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine OR.346 (page does not exist)">585</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_586&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 586 (page does not exist)">586</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_586&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 586 (page does not exist)">587</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type OR.346 (page does not exist)">588</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type OR.346 (page does not exist)">589</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type OR.346 (page does not exist)">590</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_OR.346&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type OR.346 (page does not exist)">591</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_592&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 592 (page does not exist)">592</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_593&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 593 (page does not exist)">593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_TSR-2" title="BAC TSR-2">594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_TSR-2" title="BAC TSR-2">595</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_Type_599&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine Type 599 (page does not exist)">599</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Lion_I" title="Supermarine Sea Lion I">S.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Lion_II" title="Supermarine Sea Lion II">S.2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Lion_III" title="Supermarine Sea Lion III">S.3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.4" title="Supermarine S.4">S.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.5" title="Supermarine S.5">S.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6" title="Supermarine S.6">S.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6" title="Supermarine S.6">S.6A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6B" title="Supermarine S.6B">S.6B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Racers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.4" title="Supermarine S.4">S.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.5" title="Supermarine S.5">S.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6" title="Supermarine S.6">S.6</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_S.6B" title="Supermarine S.6B">S.6B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Lion_I" title="Supermarine Sea Lion I">Sea Lion I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Lion_II" title="Supermarine Sea Lion II">Sea Lion II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Lion_III" title="Supermarine Sea Lion III">Sea Lion III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Urchin" title="Supermarine Sea Urchin">Sea Urchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Attacker" title="Supermarine Attacker">Attacker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Baby" title="Supermarine Baby">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Nighthawk" title="Supermarine Nighthawk">Nighthawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scimitar" title="Supermarine Scimitar">Scimitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafang" title="Supermarine Seafang">Seafang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seafire" title="Supermarine Seafire">Seafire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_King" title="Supermarine Sea King">Sea King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Spiteful" title="Supermarine Spiteful">Spiteful</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Spitfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swift" title="Supermarine Swift">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_224" title="Supermarine Type 224">Type 224 (F.7/30)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Supermarine_F.37/35&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Supermarine F.37/35 (page does not exist)">Type 312 & 313 (F.37/35)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_525" title="Supermarine Type 525">525</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_545" title="Supermarine Type 545">Type 545</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Type_559" title="Vickers Type 559">Type 559</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Type_322" title="Supermarine Type 322">Type 322 (Dumbo)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_B.12/36" title="Supermarine B.12/36">B.12/36</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance and patrol</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Channel" title="Supermarine Channel">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Nanok" title="Supermarine Nanok">Nanok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scapa" title="Supermarine Scapa">Scapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Eagle" title="Supermarine Sea Eagle">Scarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Scylla" title="Supermarine Scylla">Scylla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seal_II" title="Supermarine Seal II">Seal II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1921)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1921)">Seagull (1921)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1948)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1948)">Seagull ASR-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seamew" title="Supermarine Seamew">Seamew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Otter" title="Supermarine Sea Otter">Sea Otter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sheldrake" title="Supermarine Sheldrake">Sheldrake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Nanok" title="Supermarine Nanok">Solent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">Southampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Stranraer" title="Supermarine Stranraer">Stranraer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">Walrus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Civil</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Air_Yacht" title="Supermarine Air Yacht">Air Yacht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Channel" title="Supermarine Channel">Channel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Commercial_Amphibian" title="Supermarine Commercial Amphibian">Commercial Amphibian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_%22Giant%22" title="Supermarine "Giant"">Giant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sea_Eagle" title="Supermarine Sea Eagle">Sea Eagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Sparrow" title="Supermarine Sparrow">Sparrow (I & II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Swan" title="Supermarine Swan">Swan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Under contract</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_Flying_Boat" title="AD Flying Boat">AD Flying Boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Baby" title="Supermarine Baby">Baby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_Navyplane" title="AD Navyplane">AD Navyplane</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R._J._Mitchell" title="R. J. Mitchell">R. J. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith_(aircraft_designer)" title="Joseph Smith (aircraft designer)">Joe Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pilots</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Biard" title="Henry Biard">Henry Biard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Deacon_Hobbs" title="Basil Deacon Hobbs">Basil Deacon Hobbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Quill" title="Jeffrey Quill">Jeffrey Quill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Summers" title="Joseph Summers">Joseph "Mutt" Summers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Swedish_military_aircraft_designations_1926–current" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Swedish_military_aircraft_designations" title="Template:Swedish military aircraft designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Swedish_military_aircraft_designations" title="Template talk:Swedish military aircraft designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish_military_aircraft_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Swedish military aircraft designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Swedish_military_aircraft_designations_1926–current" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_aircraft_of_Sweden" title="List of military aircraft of Sweden">Swedish military aircraft designations</a> 1926–current</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By role</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Attack aircraft (<abbr title="''Attackflygplan''">A</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B6nix_C.I" title="Phönix C.I">A 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">A 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_29_Tunnan" title="Saab 29 Tunnan">A 29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_32_Lansen" title="Saab 32 Lansen">A 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_36" title="Saab 36">A 36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_37_Viggen" title="Saab 37 Viggen">AJ 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_38" title="Saab 38">A 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_JAS_39_Gripen" title="Saab JAS 39 Gripen">JAS 39</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bombers (<abbr title="''Bombflygplan''">B</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_B.R." title="Fiat B.R.">B 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_B.R." title="Fiat B.R.">B 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">B 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hart" title="Hawker Hart">B 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_A-17" title="Northrop A-17">B 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_A8V" title="Seversky A8V">B 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_G.I" title="Fokker G.I">B 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">B 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.313" title="Caproni Ca.313">B 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">B 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_18" title="Saab 18">B 18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 24 (page does not exist)">B 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_G.I" title="Fokker G.I">B 26</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Army aeroplanes (<abbr title="''Flygplan''">Fpl</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-18_Super_Cub" title="Piper PA-18 Super Cub">Fpl 51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_27" title="Dornier Do 27">Fpl 53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6_MFI-10_Vipan" title="Malmö MFI-10 Vipan">Fpl 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Aviation_Bulldog" title="Scottish Aviation Bulldog">Fpl 61</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gliders2 (<abbr title="''Glidflygplan''">G</abbr>/<abbr title="''Lastglidflygplan''">Lg</abbr>/<abbr title="''Segelflygplan''">Se</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DFS_SG_38_Schulgleiter" title="DFS SG 38 Schulgleiter">G 101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grunau_Baby" class="mw-redirect" title="Grunau Baby">Se 102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_Kranich" title="DFS Kranich">Se 103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DFS_Weihe" title="DFS Weihe">Se 104</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AB_Flygindustri_Fi-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AB Flygindustri Fi-3 (page does not exist)">Lg 105</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Helicopter2 (<abbr title="''Helikopter''">Hkp</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piasecki_H-21" title="Piasecki H-21">Hkp 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_II" title="Aérospatiale Alouette II">Hkp 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_204/205" title="Bell 204/205">Hkp 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Vertol_CH-46_Sea_Knight" title="Boeing Vertol CH-46 Sea Knight">Hkp 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hughes_269" class="mw-redirect" title="Hughes 269">Hkp 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_206" title="Bell 206">HKP 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBB_Bo_105" title="MBB Bo 105">HKP 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS332_Super_Puma" title="Eurocopter AS332 Super Puma">HKP 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_412" title="Bell 412">HKP 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHIndustries_NH90" title="NHIndustries NH90">HKP 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW109" title="AgustaWestland AW109">HKP 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">HKP 16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighters (<abbr title="''Jaktflygplan''">J</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B6nix_D.I" title="Phönix D.I">J 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport-Delage_NiD_29" title="Nieuport-Delage NiD 29">J 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_C.V" title="Fokker C.V">J 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD_19" title="Heinkel HD 19">J 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Aero_Jaktfalken" title="Svenska Aero Jaktfalken">J 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svenska_Aero_Jaktfalken" title="Svenska Aero Jaktfalken">J 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">J 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Gladiator" title="Gloster Gladiator">J 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seversky_P-35" title="Seversky P-35">J 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P-66_Vanguard" class="mw-redirect" title="P-66 Vanguard">J 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiat_CR.42_Falco" title="Fiat CR.42 Falco">J 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggiane_Re.2000_Falco_I" title="Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I">J 12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 19 (page does not exist)">J 19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggiane_Re.2000_Falco_I" title="Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I">J 20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Saab 21">J 21</a>/<a href="/wiki/Saab_21R" title="Saab 21R">21R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFVS_J_22" title="FFVS J 22">J 22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 23 (page does not exist)">J 23</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 24 (page does not exist)">J 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">J 26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 27 (page does not exist)">J 27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">J 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_29_Tunnan" title="Saab 29 Tunnan">J 29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">J 30</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_32_Lansen" title="Saab 32 Lansen">J 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Venom" title="De Havilland Venom">J 33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">J 34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_35_Draken" title="Saab 35 Draken">J 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_37_Viggen" title="Saab 37 Viggen">JA 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_JAS_39_Gripen" title="Saab JAS 39 Gripen">JAS 39</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Advanced trainers (<abbr title="''Övningsflygplan''">Ö</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FVM_%C3%961_Tummelisa" title="FVM Ö1 Tummelisa">Ö 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_C.I" title="Albatros C.I">Ö 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Grouse" title="Gloster Grouse">Ö 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B6nix_C.I" title="Phönix C.I">Ö 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ph%C3%B6nix_C.I" title="Phönix C.I">Ö 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_F.2_Fighter" title="Bristol F.2 Fighter">Ö 6</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svenska_Aero_Piraten&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svenska Aero Piraten (page does not exist)">Ö 7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svenska_Aero_%C3%96vningsfalken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svenska Aero Övningsfalken (page does not exist)">Ö 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASJA_L2" title="ASJA L2">Ö 9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trials aircraft (<abbr title="''Provflygplan''">P</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparmann_S_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sparmann S 1 (page does not exist)">P 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_44_Stieglitz" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 44 Stieglitz">P 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparmann_E4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sparmann E4 (page does not exist)">P 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_156_Storch" title="Fieseler Fi 156 Storch">P 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handley_Page_Hampden" title="Handley Page Hampden">P 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_58_Weihe" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 58 Weihe">P 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">P 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_18" title="Saab 18">P 8</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=ASJA_G.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASJA G.1 (page does not exist)">P 8A</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6taverken_GP_8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Götaverken GP 8 (page does not exist)">P 8B</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 19 (page does not exist)">P 9A</a>/<a href="/w/index.php?title=G%C3%B6taverken_GP_9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Götaverken GP 9 (page does not exist)">P 9B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reconnaissance (<abbr title="''Spaningsflygplan''">S</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=CVM_S_21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CVM S 21 (page does not exist)">S 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HE_1" title="Heinkel HE 1">S 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HE_2" title="Heinkel HE 2">S 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HE_1" title="Heinkel HE 1">S 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HE_5" title="Heinkel HE 5">S 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_C.V" title="Fokker C.V">S 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hart" title="Hawker Hart">S 7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ASJA_SA_15&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ASJA SA 15 (page does not exist)">S 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hart" title="Hawker Hart">S 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9guet_693" title="Bréguet 693">S 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_215" title="Dornier Do 215">S 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_114" title="Heinkel He 114">S 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_G.I" title="Fokker G.I">S 13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_156_Storch" title="Fieseler Fi 156 Storch">S 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">S 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.313" title="Caproni Ca.313">S 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">S 17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_18" title="Saab 18">S 18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFVS_J_22" title="FFVS J 22">S 22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">S 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_29_Tunnan" title="Saab 29 Tunnan">S 29</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_32_Lansen" title="Saab 32 Lansen">S 32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_35_Draken" title="Saab 35 Draken">S 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_37_Viggen" title="Saab 37 Viggen">SF 37/SH 37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_JAS_39_Gripen" title="Saab JAS 39 Gripen">JAS 39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_340_AEW%26C" title="Saab 340 AEW&C">S 100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trainers (<abbr title="''Skolflygplan''">Sk</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albatros_B.II" title="Albatros B.II">Sk 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friedrichshafen_FF.33" title="Friedrichshafen FF.33">Sk 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">Sk 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD_24" title="Heinkel HD 24">Sk 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD_35" title="Heinkel HD 35">Sk 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD_36" title="Heinkel HD 36">Sk 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">Sk 7</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svenska_Aero_Skolfalken&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Svenska Aero Skolfalken (page does not exist)">Sk 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">Sk 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raab-Katzenstein_RK-26" title="Raab-Katzenstein RK-26">Sk 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">Sk 11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_44" class="mw-redirect" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 44">Sk 12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_NA-16" title="North American NA-16">Sk 14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klemm_Kl_35" title="Klemm Kl 35">Sk 15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_T-6_Texan" title="North American T-6 Texan">Sk 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_181_Bestmann" title="Bücker Bü 181 Bestmann">Sk 25</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 26 (page does not exist)">Sk 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">Sk 28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_35_Draken" title="Saab 35 Draken">Sk 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_38" title="Saab 38">Sk 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob_G_120TP" title="Grob G 120TP">Sk 40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_91_Safir" title="Saab 91 Safir">Sk 50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_105" title="Saab 105">Sk 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Aviation_Bulldog" title="Scottish Aviation Bulldog">Sk 61</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Torpedo bombers (<abbr title="''Torpedflygplan''">T</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD_16" title="Heinkel HD 16">T 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_115" title="Heinkel He 115">T 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.313" title="Caproni Ca.313">T 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_18" title="Saab 18">T 18</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transports (<abbr title="''Transportflygplan''">Trp/Tp</abbr>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_F_13" title="Junkers F 13">Trp 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_33" title="Junkers W 33">Trp 2</a>/<a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_34" title="Junkers W 34">2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragonfly" title="De Havilland Dragonfly">Trp 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">Trp 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_52" title="Junkers Ju 52">Tp 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_24" title="Fairchild 24">Tp 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Falcon" title="Miles Falcon">Tp 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_Standard_Cabin_series" title="Waco Standard Cabin series">Tp 8</a>/<a href="/wiki/Waco_Custom_Cabin_series" title="Waco Custom Cabin series">8A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_Ju_86" title="Junkers Ju 86">Tp 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_F.VIII" title="Fokker F.VIII">Tp 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.313" title="Caproni Ca.313">Tp 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_24" title="Dornier Do 24">Tp 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">Tp 45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dove" title="De Havilland Dove">Tp 46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">Tp 47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">Tp 52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_27" title="Dornier Do 27">Tp 53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-31_Navajo" title="Piper PA-31 Navajo">Tp 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">Tp 55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorduyn_Norseman" title="Noorduyn Norseman">Tp 78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">Tp 79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">Tp 80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">Tp 81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Varsity" title="Vickers Varsity">Tp 82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Pembroke" title="Percival Pembroke">Tp 83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">Tp 84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravelle" title="Sud Aviation Caravelle">Tp 85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">Tp 86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_404_Titan" title="Cessna 404 Titan">Tp 87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Swearingen_Metroliner" title="Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner">Tp 88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-212_Aviocar" title="CASA C-212 Aviocar">Tp 89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_91_Safir" title="Saab 91 Safir">Tp 91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_340" title="Saab 340">Tp 100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">Tp 101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_IV" title="Gulfstream IV">Tp 102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_II" title="Cessna Citation II">Tp 103</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post–1940 unified sequence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caproni_Ca.313" title="Caproni Ca.313">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_17" title="Saab 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_18" title="Saab 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_19&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 19 (page does not exist)">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reggiane_Re.2000_Falco_I" title="Reggiane Re.2000 Falco I">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_21" class="mw-redirect" title="Saab 21">21</a>/<a href="/wiki/Saab_21R" title="Saab 21R">21R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FFVS_J_22" title="FFVS J 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_23&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 23 (page does not exist)">23</a></li> <li>241 <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_24&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 24 (page does not exist)">B/J 24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_24" title="Dornier Do 24">Tp 24</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%BCcker_B%C3%BC_181_Bestmann" title="Bücker Bü 181 Bestmann">25</a></li> <li>261 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fokker_G.I" title="Fokker G.I">B/S 26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">J/S 26</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_26&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 26 (page does not exist)">Sk 26</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saab_27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saab 27 (page does not exist)">27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_29_Tunnan" title="Saab 29 Tunnan">29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">30</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_32_Lansen" title="Saab 32 Lansen">32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Venom" title="De Havilland Venom">33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hunter" title="Hawker Hunter">34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_35_Draken" title="Saab 35 Draken">35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_36" title="Saab 36">36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_37_Viggen" title="Saab 37 Viggen">37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_38" title="Saab 38">38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_JAS_39_Gripen" title="Saab JAS 39 Gripen">39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grob_G_120TP" title="Grob G 120TP">40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_18" title="Beechcraft Model 18">45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dove" title="De Havilland Dove">46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_91_Safir" title="Saab 91 Safir">50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_PA-18_Super_Cub" title="Piper PA-18 Super Cub">51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_27" title="Dornier Do 27">53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6_MFI-10_Vipan" title="Malmö MFI-10 Vipan">54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_105" title="Saab 105">60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Aviation_Bulldog" title="Scottish Aviation Bulldog">61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorduyn_Norseman" title="Noorduyn Norseman">78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-21_Goose" title="Grumman G-21 Goose">81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Varsity" title="Vickers Varsity">82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Pembroke" title="Percival Pembroke">83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sud_Aviation_Caravelle" title="Sud Aviation Caravelle">85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Sabreliner" title="North American Sabreliner">86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_404_Titan" title="Cessna 404 Titan">Tp 87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Swearingen_Metroliner" title="Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner">88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CASA_C-212_Aviocar" title="CASA C-212 Aviocar">89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_91_Safir" title="Saab 91 Safir">91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_340" title="Saab 340">100</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saab_340_AEW%26C" title="Saab 340 AEW&C">S 100</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulfstream_IV" title="Gulfstream IV">102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Citation_II" title="Cessna Citation II">103</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics Pre-unification designations  • 1 Assigned to multiple types  • 2 Not unified with main sequence</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Navy_fighter_designations_pre-1962" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:USN_fighters" title="Template:USN fighters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:USN_fighters" title="Template talk:USN fighters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:USN_fighters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:USN fighters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Navy_fighter_designations_pre-1962" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> fighter designations pre-1962</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Aircraft" title="Atlantic Aircraft">General Aviation</a> <a href="/wiki/Brewster_Aeronautical_Corporation" title="Brewster Aeronautical Corporation">Brewster</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Aviation_XFA" title="General Aviation XFA">FA</a></li></ul> <ul><li>FA2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_F2A_Buffalo" title="Brewster F2A Buffalo">F2A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">F3A</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Boeing" title="Boeing">Boeing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Model_15" title="Boeing Model 15">FB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F2B" title="Boeing F2B">F2B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F3B" title="Boeing F3B">F3B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">F4B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XP-15" title="Boeing XP-15">F5B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XF6B" title="Boeing XF6B">F6B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-29" title="Boeing P-29">F7B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_XF8B" title="Boeing XF8B">F8B</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Aeroplane_and_Motor_Company" title="Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company">Curtiss</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_TS" title="Naval Aircraft Factory TS">FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_TS" title="Naval Aircraft Factory TS">F2C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_TS" title="Naval Aircraft Factory TS">F3C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naval_Aircraft_Factory_TS" title="Naval Aircraft Factory TS">F4C</a></li> <li>F5C1</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_F6C_Hawk" title="Curtiss F6C Hawk">F6C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_F7C_Seahawk" title="Curtiss F7C Seahawk">F7C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Falcon" title="Curtiss Falcon">F8C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_F9C_Sparrowhawk" title="Curtiss F9C Sparrowhawk">F9C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_Falcon" title="Curtiss Falcon">F10C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_F11C_Goshawk" title="Curtiss F11C Goshawk">F11C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_SBC_Helldiver" title="Curtiss SBC Helldiver">F12C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XF13C" title="Curtiss XF13C">F13C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XF14C" title="Curtiss XF14C">F14C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_XF15C" title="Curtiss XF15C">F15C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Aircraft_Company" title="Douglas Aircraft Company">Douglas</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft_Corporation" title="McDonnell Aircraft Corporation">McDonnell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_XFD" title="Douglas XFD">FD</a></li> <li>F2D2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F3D_Skyknight" title="Douglas F3D Skyknight">F3D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F4D_Skyray" title="Douglas F4D Skyray">F4D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F5D_Skylancer" title="Douglas F5D Skylancer">F5D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_F6D_Missileer" title="Douglas F6D Missileer">F6D</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_FH_Phantom" title="McDonnell FH Phantom">FD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F2H_Banshee" title="McDonnell F2H Banshee">F2D</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Grumman" title="Grumman">Grumman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_FF" title="Grumman FF">FF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F2F" title="Grumman F2F">F2F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F3F" title="Grumman F3F">F3F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">F4F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF5F_Skyrocket" title="Grumman XF5F Skyrocket">F5F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F6F_Hellcat" title="Grumman F6F Hellcat">F6F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F7F_Tigercat" title="Grumman F7F Tigercat">F7F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">F8F</a></li> <li>F9F <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F9F_Panther" title="Grumman F9F Panther">-1 to -5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-9_Cougar" title="Grumman F-9 Cougar">-6 to -8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-11_Tiger" title="Grumman F-11 Tiger">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_XF10F_Jaguar" title="Grumman XF10F Jaguar">F10F</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F-11_Tiger" title="Grumman F-11 Tiger">F11F</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F11F-1F_Super_Tiger" title="Grumman F11F-1F Super Tiger">-1F/2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F11F-1F_Super_Tiger" title="Grumman F11F-1F Super Tiger">F12F (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_G-118" title="Grumman G-118">F12F (II)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eberhart_Steel_Products_Company" title="Eberhart Steel Products Company">Eberhart</a> <a href="/wiki/Goodyear_Aerospace" title="Goodyear Aerospace">Goodyear</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eberhart_XFG" title="Eberhart XFG">FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eberhart_XFG" title="Eberhart XFG">F2G</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">FG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodyear_F2G_Corsair" title="Goodyear F2G Corsair">F2G</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hall_Aluminum_Aircraft_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hall Aluminum Aircraft Corporation (page does not exist)">Hall</a> <a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Aircraft_Corporation" title="McDonnell Aircraft Corporation">McDonnell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hall_XFH" title="Hall XFH">FH</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_FH_Phantom" title="McDonnell FH Phantom">FH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F2H_Banshee" title="McDonnell F2H Banshee">F2H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_F3H_Demon" title="McDonnell F3H Demon">F3H</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II">F4H</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berliner-Joyce" title="Berliner-Joyce">Berliner-Joyce</a> <a href="/wiki/North_American_Aviation" title="North American Aviation">North American</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berliner-Joyce_XFJ" title="Berliner-Joyce XFJ">FJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner-Joyce_XF2J" title="Berliner-Joyce XF2J">F2J</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner-Joyce_XF3J" title="Berliner-Joyce XF3J">F3J</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ_Fury" title="North American FJ Fury">FJ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-1_Fury" title="North American FJ-1 Fury">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-2/-3_Fury" title="North American FJ-2/-3 Fury">-2/3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_FJ-4_Fury" title="North American FJ-4 Fury">-4</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Loening" title="Loening">Loening</a> <a href="/wiki/Bell_Aircraft" title="Bell Aircraft">Bell</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loening_XFL" title="Loening XFL">FL</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_XFL_Airabonita" title="Bell XFL Airabonita">FL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-59_Airacomet" title="Bell P-59 Airacomet">F2L-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">F2L-1K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_D-188A" title="Bell D-188A">F3L</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">FM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F4F_Wildcat" title="Grumman F4F Wildcat">F2M</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">F3M</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">FO (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFV" title="Lockheed XFV">FO (II)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ryan_Aeronautical" title="Ryan Aeronautical">Ryan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_FR_Fireball" title="Ryan FR Fireball">FR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_XF2R_Dark_Shark" title="Ryan XF2R Dark Shark">F2R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_X-13_Vertijet" title="Ryan X-13 Vertijet">F3R</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supermarine" title="Supermarine">Supermarine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">FS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">Northrop</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_XFT" title="Northrop XFT">FT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_P-61_Black_Widow" title="Northrop P-61 Black Widow">F2T</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vought" title="Vought">Vought</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vought_FU" title="Vought FU">FU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_XF2U" title="Vought XF2U">F2U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_XF3U" title="Vought XF3U">F3U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F4U_Corsair" title="Vought F4U Corsair">F4U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_XF5U" title="Vought XF5U">F5U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F6U_Pirate" title="Vought F6U Pirate">F6U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F7U_Cutlass" title="Vought F7U Cutlass">F7U</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_F-8_Crusader" title="Vought F-8 Crusader">F8U</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vought_XF8U-3_Crusader_III" title="Vought XF8U-3 Crusader III">-3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Corporation" title="Lockheed Corporation">Lockheed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_XFV" title="Lockheed XFV">FV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wright_Aeronautical" title="Wright Aeronautical">Wright</a> <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Car_and_Foundry" title="Canadian Car and Foundry">CC&F</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_H_Falke" title="Dornier Do H Falke">WP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_F2W" title="Wright F2W">F2W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wright_XF3W_Apache" title="Wright XF3W Apache">F3W</a></li></ul> <ul><li>FW2</li> <li>F2W2</li> <li>F3W2</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">F4W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Convair" title="Convair">Convair</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Convair_XFY_Pogo" title="Convair XFY Pogo">FY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_F2Y_Sea_Dart" title="Convair F2Y Sea Dart">F2Y</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Not assigned  • 2 Assigned to a different manufacturer's type See also: <a href="/wiki/Aeromarine_AS" title="Aeromarine AS">Aeromarine AS</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Vought_VE-7" title="Vought VE-7">Vought VE-7</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Australian_Defence_Force_aircraft_serial-number_prefixes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Template:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Template talk:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ADF_aircraft_prefixes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ADF aircraft prefixes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Australian_Defence_Force_aircraft_serial-number_prefixes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Defence_Force" title="Australian Defence Force">Australian Defence Force</a> aircraft serial-number prefixes</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Italics indicate prefixes not used.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series One 1921–34</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Aircraft_Factory_S.E.5" title="Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_504" title="Avro 504">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sopwith_Pup" title="Sopwith Pup">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airco_DH.9" title="Airco DH.9">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.50" title="De Havilland DH.50">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Seagull_(1921)" title="Supermarine Seagull (1921)">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_III" title="Fairey III">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Southampton" title="Supermarine Southampton">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">A12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series Two 1935–63</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hart" title="Hawker Hart">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarine_Walrus" title="Supermarine Walrus">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Wackett" title="CAC Wackett">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Anson" title="Avro Anson">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wapiti" title="Westland Wapiti">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_643_Cadet" title="Avro 643 Cadet">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.60_Moth" title="De Havilland DH.60 Moth">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufort" title="Bristol Beaufort">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_DH.50" title="De Havilland DH.50">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylorcraft_Auster" title="Taylorcraft Auster">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Trainer" title="Link Trainer">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tugan_Gannet" title="Tugan Gannet">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Magister" title="Miles Magister">A15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Hudson" title="Lockheed Hudson">A16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Tiger_Moth" title="De Havilland Tiger Moth">A17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Empire" title="Short Empire">A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Beaufighter" title="Bristol Beaufighter">A19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Wirraway" title="CAC Wirraway">A20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Moth_Minor" title="De Havilland Moth Minor">A21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Battle" title="Fairey Battle">A22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Woomera" title="CAC Woomera">A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_PBY_Catalina" title="Consolidated PBY Catalina">A24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airspeed_Oxford" title="Airspeed Oxford">A25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_Sunderland" title="Short Sunderland">A26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vultee_A-31_Vengeance" title="Vultee A-31 Vengeance">A27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-20_Havoc" title="Douglas A-20 Havoc">A28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-40_Warhawk" title="Curtiss P-40 Warhawk">A29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-2" title="Douglas DC-2">A30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">A30</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Express" title="De Havilland Express">A31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Vega_Gull" title="Percival Vega Gull">A32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragon_Rapide" title="De Havilland Dragon Rapide">A33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragon" title="De Havilland Dragon">A34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Dolphin" title="Douglas Dolphin">A35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairchild_24" title="Fairchild 24">A36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Falcon" title="Miles Falcon">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Merlin" title="Miles Merlin">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Hawk" title="Miles Hawk">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_Reliant" title="Stinson Reliant">A38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Model_17_Staggerwing" title="Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing">A39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_Airmaster" title="Cessna Airmaster">A40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Fox_Moth" title="De Havilland Fox Moth">A41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Vega" title="Lockheed Vega">A42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Dragonfly" title="De Havilland Dragonfly">A43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_G_31" title="Junkers G 31">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junkers_W_34" title="Junkers W 34">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">A45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Boomerang" title="CAC Boomerang">A46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">A47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vought_OS2U_Kingfisher" title="Vought OS2U Kingfisher">A48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dornier_Do_24" title="Dornier Do 24">A49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan_ST" title="Ryan ST">A50</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewster_F2A_Buffalo" title="Brewster F2A Buffalo">A51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Mosquito" title="De Havilland Mosquito">A52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_P-39_Airacobra" title="Bell P-39 Airacobra">A53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waco_Aircraft_Company" title="Waco Aircraft Company">A54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-38_Lightning" title="Lockheed P-38 Lightning">A55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_P-43_Lancer" title="Republic P-43 Lancer">A56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Australia" title="De Havilland Australia">A57</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">A58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Ventura" title="Lockheed Ventura">A59</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Hurricane" title="Hawker Hurricane">A60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_Corporation" title="Northrop Corporation">A61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_CA-15" title="CAC CA-15">A62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celestial_navigation" title="Celestial navigation">A63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stinson_L-1_Vigilant" title="Stinson L-1 Vigilant">A64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">A65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lancaster" title="Avro Lancaster">A66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Model_18_Lodestar" title="Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar">A67</a></li> <li>A68 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Mustang" title="CAC Mustang">1–200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_P-51_Mustang" title="North American P-51 Mustang">500–1001</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_SB2C_Helldiver" title="Curtiss SB2C Helldiver">A69</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_PBM_Mariner" title="Martin PBM Mariner">A70</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noorduyn_Norseman" title="Noorduyn Norseman">A71</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_B-24_Liberator" title="Consolidated B-24 Liberator">A72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_Lincoln" title="Avro Lincoln">A73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avro_York" title="Avro York">A74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Proctor" title="Percival Proctor">A75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_B-29_Superfortress" title="Boeing B-29 Superfortress">A76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gloster_Meteor" title="Gloster Meteor">A77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">A78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">A79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_H-5" title="Sikorsky H-5">A80</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Freighter" title="Bristol Freighter">A81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viking" title="Vickers Viking">A82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Hornet" title="De Havilland Hornet">A83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Electric_Canberra" title="English Electric Canberra">A84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Winjeel" title="CAC Winjeel">A85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_P.1081" title="Hawker P.1081">A86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Valetta" title="Vickers Valetta">A87</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RFD_Winged_Target&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RFD Winged Target (page does not exist)">A88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-2_Neptune" title="Lockheed P-2 Neptune">A89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percival_Prince" title="Percival Prince">A90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Sycamore" title="Bristol Sycamore">A91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">A92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">A93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAC_Sabre" title="CAC Sabre">A94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-2_Beaver" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver">A95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convair_CV-240_family" title="Convair CV-240 family">A96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_C-130_Hercules" title="Lockheed C-130 Hercules">A97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cessna_180_Skywagon" title="Cessna 180 Skywagon">A98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_Jet_Provost" title="BAC Jet Provost">A99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-3_Otter" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter">A100</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Navy">RAN Series</a>1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Firefly" title="Fairey Firefly">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_C-47_Skytrain" title="Douglas C-47 Skytrain">N2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairey_Gannet" title="Fairey Gannet">N3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Sea_Venom" title="De Havilland Sea Venom">N4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Sycamore" title="Bristol Sycamore">N5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Vampire" title="De Havilland Vampire">N6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Wessex" title="Westland Wessex">N7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Scout" title="Westland Scout">N8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">N9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radioplane_BTT" title="Radioplane BTT">N10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Jindivik" title="GAF Jindivik">N11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_S-2_Tracker" title="Grumman S-2 Tracker">N12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_A-4_Skyhawk" title="Douglas A-4 Skyhawk">N13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-326" title="Aermacchi MB-326">N14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">N15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westland_Sea_King" title="Westland Sea King">N16</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">RAAF Series Three</a> Tri-Service series 1964–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bell_H-13_Sioux" title="Bell H-13 Sioux">A1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_UH-1_Iroquois" title="Bell UH-1 Iroquois">A2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Mirage_III_Australian_procurement" title="Dassault Mirage III Australian procurement">A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Havilland_Canada_DHC-4_Caribou" title="De Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou">A4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A%C3%A9rospatiale_Alouette_III" title="Aérospatiale Alouette III">A5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vickers_Viscount" title="Vickers Viscount">A6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aermacchi_MB-326" title="Aermacchi MB-326">A7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-111C" title="General Dynamics F-111C">A8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_P-3_Orion" title="Lockheed P-3 Orion">A9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawker_Siddeley_HS_748" title="Hawker Siddeley HS 748">A10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_20" title="Dassault Falcon 20">A11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAC_One-Eleven" title="BAC One-Eleven">A12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_Trainer" title="Link Trainer">A13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-6_Porter" title="Pilatus PC-6 Porter">A14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_CH-47_Chinook" title="Boeing CH-47 Chinook">A15</a></li> <li>A16</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">A17/N17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAF_Nomad" title="GAF Nomad">A18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAC_CT/4_Airtrainer" title="PAC CT/4 Airtrainer">A19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_707" title="Boeing 707">A20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">A21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_AS350_%C3%89cureuil" title="Eurocopter AS350 Écureuil">A22/N22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-9" title="Pilatus PC-9">A23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">N24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">A25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_900" title="Dassault Falcon 900">A26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BAE_Systems_Hawk" title="BAE Systems Hawk">A27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_MQM-107_Streaker" title="Beechcraft MQM-107 Streaker">N28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaman_SH-2G_Super_Seasprite" title="Kaman SH-2G Super Seasprite">N29</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_E-7_Wedgetail" title="Boeing E-7 Wedgetail">A30</a></li> <li>A31</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_Super_King_Air" title="Beechcraft Super King Air">A32</a></li> <li>A33</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alenia_C-27J_Spartan" title="Alenia C-27J Spartan">A34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II" title="Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II">A35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Business_Jet" title="Boeing Business Jet">A36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Challenger_600_series" title="Bombardier Challenger 600 series">A37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_Tiger" title="Eurocopter Tiger">A38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airbus_A330_MRTT" title="Airbus A330 MRTT">A39</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHIndustries_NH90" title="NHIndustries NH90">A40/N40</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_C-17_Globemaster_III" title="Boeing C-17 Globemaster III">A41</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AgustaWestland_AW109" title="AgustaWestland AW109">N42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AAI_RQ-7_Shadow" title="AAI RQ-7 Shadow">A43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_F/A-18E/F_Super_Hornet" title="Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet">A44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IAI_Heron" title="IAI Heron">A45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_EA-18G_Growler" title="Boeing EA-18G Growler">A46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-8_Poseidon" title="Boeing P-8 Poseidon">A47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_SH-60_Seahawk" title="Sikorsky SH-60 Seahawk">N48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_429_GlobalRanger" title="Bell 429 GlobalRanger">N49</a></li> <li>A51</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurocopter_EC135" title="Eurocopter EC135">N52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechcraft_1900" title="Beechcraft 1900">A53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilatus_PC-21" title="Pilatus PC-21">A54</a></li> <li>A55</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dassault_Falcon_7X" title="Dassault Falcon 7X">A56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F-4_Phantom_II_in_Australian_service" title="McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II in Australian service">A69</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Air_Force" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Air Force">Aircraft of the RAAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_aircraft_of_the_Royal_Australian_Navy" title="List of aircraft of the Royal Australian Navy">Aircraft of the RAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_Army_aircraft" title="List of Australian Army aircraft">Aircraft of the Australian Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>1 Prior to adoption of Tri-Service prefixes.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Czechoslovak_Air_Force_fighter_designations,_1945–1958" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Czech_fighters" title="Template:Czech fighters"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Czech_fighters" title="Template talk:Czech fighters"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Czech_fighters" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Czech fighters"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Czechoslovak_Air_Force_fighter_designations,_1945–1958" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Air_Force" title="Czechoslovak Air Force">Czechoslovak Air Force</a> fighter designations, 1945–1958</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fighter (Stíhací)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">S-89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focke-Wulf_Fw_190" title="Focke-Wulf Fw 190">S-90</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messerschmitt_Me_262" title="Messerschmitt Me 262">S-92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-5" title="Lavochkin La-5">S-95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavochkin_La-7" title="Lavochkin La-7">S-97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">S-99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-17" title="Yakovlev Yak-17">S-100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakovlev_Yak-23" title="Yakovlev Yak-23">S-101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">S-102</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-15" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-15">S-103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-17" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-17">S-104</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-19" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-19">S-105</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21" title="Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21">S-107</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avia_S-199" title="Avia S-199">S-199</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_fighter_designations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Thai_fighter_designations" title="Template:Thai fighter designations"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Thai_fighter_designations" title="Template talk:Thai fighter designations"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Thai_fighter_designations" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Thai fighter designations"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces_fighter_designations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Thai_Armed_Forces" title="Royal Thai Armed Forces">Royal Thai Armed Forces</a> fighter designations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">B.Kh (Fighter)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_11" title="Nieuport 11">B.Kh.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_17" title="Nieuport 17">B.Kh.2 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_21" title="Nieuport 21">B.Kh.2 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_24" title="Nieuport 24">B.Kh.2 (III)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport_27" title="Nieuport 27">B.Kh.2 (IV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPAD_S.VII" title="SPAD S.VII">B.Kh.3 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPAD_S.XIII" title="SPAD S.XIII">B.Kh.3 (II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nieuport-Delage_NiD_29" title="Nieuport-Delage NiD 29">B.Kh.4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prajadhipok_(aircraft)" title="Prajadhipok (aircraft)">B.Kh.5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol_Bulldog" title="Bristol Bulldog">B.Kh.6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boeing_P-12" title="Boeing P-12">B.Kh.7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinkel_HD_43" title="Heinkel HD 43">B.Kh.8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_F11C_Goshawk" title="Curtiss F11C Goshawk">B.Kh.9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_BF2C_Goshawk" title="Curtiss BF2C Goshawk">B.Kh.10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtiss_P-36_Hawk" title="Curtiss P-36 Hawk">B.Kh.11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-27" title="Nakajima Ki-27">B.Kh.12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nakajima_Ki-43_Hayabusa" title="Nakajima Ki-43 Hayabusa">B.Kh.13</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">B.Kh.14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grumman_F8F_Bearcat" title="Grumman F8F Bearcat">B.Kh.15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_F-84_Thunderjet" title="Republic F-84 Thunderjet">B.Kh.16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86_Sabre" title="North American F-86 Sabre">B.Kh.17</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_American_F-86D_Sabre" title="North American F-86D Sabre">K</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northrop_F-5" title="Northrop F-5">B.Kh.18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Dynamics_F-16_Fighting_Falcon" title="General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon">B.Kh.19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonnell_Douglas_F/A-18_Hornet" title="McDonnell Douglas F/A-18 Hornet">B.Kh.20 (I)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saab_JAS_39_Gripen" title="Saab JAS 39 Gripen">B.Kh.20 (II)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related designations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aero_L-39_Albatros" title="Aero L-39 Albatros">B.KhF.1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KAI_T-50_Golden_Eagle" title="KAI T-50 Golden Eagle">B.KhF.2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29190#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table 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