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$(".js-view-count-work_48257189").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48257189"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="406" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology">Geology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="406" type="text/json">{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="407" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry">Geochemistry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="407" type="text/json">{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19448" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Weathering">Chemical Weathering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19448" type="text/json">{"id":19448,"name":"Chemical Weathering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Weathering","nofollow":false}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="57433" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality">Seasonality</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="57433" type="text/json">{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality","nofollow":false}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48257189]'), work: {"id":48257189,"title":"Spatial variations in chemical weathering and CO2 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Putkonen","profile_url":"https://und.academia.edu/JaakkoPutkonen","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":406,"name":"Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geology","nofollow":false},{"id":407,"name":"Geochemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geochemistry","nofollow":false},{"id":19448,"name":"Chemical Weathering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Weathering","nofollow":false},{"id":57433,"name":"Seasonality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seasonality","nofollow":false},{"id":453368,"name":"Spatial Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_Variation"},{"id":604200,"name":"Spatial resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spatial_resolution"},{"id":616972,"name":"Low Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Low_Temperature"},{"id":871402,"name":"High Altitude","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Altitude"},{"id":910122,"name":"Dissolution Kinetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dissolution_Kinetics"},{"id":1201866,"name":"Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Atmospheric_Carbon_Dioxide"},{"id":1815282,"name":"Sulfuric Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sulfuric_Acid"}],"publication_year":2009,"publication_year_with_fallback":2009,"paper_rank":null,"all_time_views":3,"active_discussion":{}}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48257191" data-work_id="48257191" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48257191/Soil_Thermal_and_Ecological_Impacts_of_Rain_on_Snow_Events_in_the_Circumpolar_Arctic">Soil Thermal and Ecological Impacts of Rain on Snow Events in the Circumpolar Arctic</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Rain on snow (ROS) events are rare in most parts of the circumpolar Arctic, but have been shown to have great impact on soil surface temperatures and serve as triggers for avalanches in the midlatitudes, and they have been implicated in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48257191" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Rain on snow (ROS) events are rare in most parts of the circumpolar Arctic, but have been shown to have great impact on soil surface temperatures and serve as triggers for avalanches in the midlatitudes, and they have been implicated in catastrophic die-offs of ungulates. The study of ROS is inherently challenging due to the difficulty of both measuring rain and snow in the Arctic and representing ROS events in numerical weather predictions and climate models. In this paper these challenges are addressed, and the occurrence of these events is characterized across the Arctic. Incidents of ROS in Canadian meteorological station data and in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) are compared to evaluate the suitability of these datasets for characterizing ROS. The ERA-40 adequately represents the large-scale synoptic fields of ROS, but too often has a tendency toward drizzle. Using the ERA-40, a climatology of ROS events is created for thresholds that impact ungulate populations and perm...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48257191" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4b338550856176cfbdb629b58671a7c7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66964519,"asset_id":48257191,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66964519/download_file?st=MTczMjczNzAyNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="261217" href="https://und.academia.edu/JaakkoPutkonen">Jaakko Putkonen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="261217" type="text/json">{"id":261217,"first_name":"Jaakko","last_name":"Putkonen","domain_name":"und","page_name":"JaakkoPutkonen","display_name":"Jaakko Putkonen","profile_url":"https://und.academia.edu/JaakkoPutkonen","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48257191 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48257191"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48257191, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48257191", }); 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The study of ROS is inherently challenging due to the difficulty of both measuring rain and snow in the Arctic and representing ROS events in numerical weather predictions and climate models. In this paper these challenges are addressed, and the occurrence of these events is characterized across the Arctic. Incidents of ROS in Canadian meteorological station data and in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) are compared to evaluate the suitability of these datasets for characterizing ROS. The ERA-40 adequately represents the large-scale synoptic fields of ROS, but too often has a tendency toward drizzle. Using the ERA-40, a climatology of ROS events is created for thresholds that impact ungulate populations and perm...","publication":"Journal of Climate","publication_with_fallback":"Journal of 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href="https://www.academia.edu/48257193/Quaternary_glaciation_of_Mount_Everest">Quaternary glaciation of Mount Everest</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48257193" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1e4b66b43f9e693dde716de0a7d30f4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66964503,"asset_id":48257193,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" 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