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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Origin and distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin_and_distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Horticulture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horticulture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Horticulture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horticulture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Production</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Production subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Production_in_India" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production_in_India"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Production in India</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Production_in_India-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ginger_farming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ginger_farming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ginger farming</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ginger_farming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation_and_export_of_ginger" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation_and_export_of_ginger"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Transportation and export of ginger</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation_and_export_of_ginger-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Uses-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Uses subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Culinary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culinary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Culinary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culinary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North_America" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North_America"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_countries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_countries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.3</span> <span>Western countries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_countries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.4</span> <span>Middle East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Similar_ingredients" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Similar_ingredients"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Similar ingredients</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Similar_ingredients-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition_and_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition_and_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Composition and safety</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition_and_safety-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition and safety subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition_and_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Chemistry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chemistry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Chemistry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chemistry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Research" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Research"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Research</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Research-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adverse_effects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adverse_effects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Adverse effects</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adverse_effects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ginger</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 154 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-154" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">154 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halia" title="Halia – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Halia" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemmer" title="Gemmer – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gemmer" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%9D%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%85%E1%89%A5%E1%88%8D" title="ዝንጅብል – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዝንጅብል" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingifer" title="Gingifer – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Gingifer" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="زنجبيل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="زنجبيل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" title="Zingiber officinale – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Zingiber officinale" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%A1%DC%A3%DC%90" title="ܚܡܣܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܚܡܣܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B2%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Կոճապղպեղ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Կոճապղպեղ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE" title="আদা – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="আদা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" title="Zingiber officinale – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Zingiber officinale" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aptek_z%C9%99nc%C9%99fili" title="Aptek zəncəfili – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Aptek zəncəfili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9" title="Jaé – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Jaé" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE" title="আদা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আদা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipakan" title="Tipakan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tipakan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiu%E2%81%BF" title="Kiuⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kiuⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laya" title="Laya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Laya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giner" title="Giner – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Giner" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Обикновен джинджифил – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обикновен джинджифил" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%85%E0%BD%A0%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A3%E0%BE%92%E0%BC%8D" title="བཅའ་ལྒ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བཅའ་ལྒ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90umbir" title="Đumbir – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Đumbir" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinjebr" title="Jinjebr – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jinjebr" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingebre" title="Gingebre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gingebre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" title="Zingiber officinale – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Zingiber officinale" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A1zvor_l%C3%A9ka%C5%99sk%C3%BD" title="Zázvor lékařský – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zázvor lékařský" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinsir" title="Sinsir – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sinsir" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakari%CA%92eebuli" title="Zakariʒeebuli – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Zakariʒeebuli" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86gte_ingef%C3%A6r" title="Ægte ingefær – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ægte ingefær" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingwer" title="Ingwer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ingwer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harilik_ingver" title="Harilik ingver – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Harilik ingver" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B9%CF%80%CE%B5%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%B6%CE%B1" title="Πιπερόριζα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πιπερόριζα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" title="Zingiber officinale – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zingiber officinale" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingibro" title="Zingibro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Zingibro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jengibre" title="Jengibre – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jengibre" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84" title="زنجبیل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنجبیل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gingembre" title="Gingembre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gingembre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citta_Afo" title="Citta Afo – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Citta Afo" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sins%C3%A9ar" title="Sinséar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Sinséar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinnsear" title="Dinnsear – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Dinnsear" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenxibre" title="Xenxibre – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Xenxibre" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%86%E0%AA%A6%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%8B_%E0%AA%9B%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A1" title="આદુનો છોડ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="આદુનો છોડ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alem" title="Alem – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Alem" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%B4ng-m%C3%A0" title="Kiông-mà – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiông-mà" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EA%B0%95" title="생강 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생강" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citta" title="Citta – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Citta" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%B8%D5%B3%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%B2%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%B2" title="Կոճապղպեղ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կոճապղպեղ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95" title="अदरक – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अदरक" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%9Bkarski_jumbjer" title="Lěkarski jumbjer – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Lěkarski jumbjer" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90umbir" title="Đumbir – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Đumbir" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jinjero" title="Jinjero – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jinjero" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jahe" title="Jahe – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jahe" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engifer" title="Engifer – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Engifer" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" title="Zingiber officinale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zingiber officinale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9C" title="זנגביל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זנגביל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%C3%A9" title="Jaé – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jaé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಶುಂಠಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಶುಂಠಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laya" title="Laya – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Laya" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ჯანჯაფილი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჯანჯაფილი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="أدرک – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="أدرک" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BB" title="Аптекалық жанжабіл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Аптекалық жанжабіл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mtangawizi" title="Mtangawizi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mtangawizi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Имбирь – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Имбирь" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenjanm" title="Jenjanm – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Jenjanm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zencef%C3%AEl" title="Zencefîl – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zencefîl" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" title="Zingiber officinale – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zingiber officinale" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingvers" title="Ingvers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ingvers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Сенжефил – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Сенжефил" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikrasis_imbieras" title="Tikrasis imbieras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tikrasis imbieras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahia" title="Lahia – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Lahia" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geimer" title="Geimer – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Geimer" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nt%C3%A1ngawisi" title="Ntángawisi – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Ntángawisi" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennyingo_Okuzimba" title="Ennyingo Okuzimba – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Ennyingo Okuzimba" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6z%C3%B6ns%C3%A9ges_gy%C3%B6mb%C3%A9r" title="Közönséges gyömbér – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Közönséges gyömbér" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jh%C3%A2i" title="Jhâi – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="Jhâi" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Madhurâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%80" title="आदी – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="आदी" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%83%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Ѓумбир – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ѓумбир" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakamalao" title="Sakamalao – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Sakamalao" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%87%E0%B4%9E%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B4%BF" title="ഇഞ്ചി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഇഞ്ചി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%87" title="आले – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="आले" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84" title="جنزبيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جنزبيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%82%E1%80%9D%E1%80%BA" title="လဂဝ် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="လဂဝ်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halia" title="Halia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Halia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%A1_(%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4)" title="ꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ) – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯤꯡ (ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ)" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sipadeh" title="Sipadeh – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Sipadeh" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C5%8Fng" title="Giŏng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Giŏng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ချင်းပင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချင်းပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" title="Zingiber officinale – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zingiber officinale" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gember" title="Gember – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Gember" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE" title="अदुवा – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="अदुवा" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%82%A6%E3%82%AC" title="ショウガ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ショウガ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingefeer_(Slach)" title="Ingefeer (Slach) – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Ingefeer (Slach)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingef%C3%A6r" title="Ingefær – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ingefær" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingef%C3%A6r" title="Ingefær – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ingefær" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gengivre" title="Gengivre – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Gengivre" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gengibre" title="Gengibre – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Gengibre" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE" title="ଅଦା – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଅଦା" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanjabil" title="Zanjabil – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Zanjabil" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%95" title="ਅਦਰਕ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਅਦਰਕ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adiyam" title="Adiyam – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="Adiyam" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangcah</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="ادرک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ادرک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86%DA%89%DB%8C" title="سونډی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="سونډی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Имбирь – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Имбирь" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%81%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%89%E1%9E%B8" title="ខ្ញី – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ខ្ញី" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pwn mw-list-item"><a href="https://pwn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ljameljam" title="ljameljam – Paiwan" lang="pwn" hreflang="pwn" data-title="ljameljam" data-language-autonym="Pinayuanan" data-language-local-name="Paiwan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pinayuanan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbir_lekarski" title="Imbir lekarski – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Imbir lekarski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gengibre" title="Gengibre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gengibre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re%E2%80%99a_tinit%C5%8D" title="Re’a tinitō – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="Re’a tinitō" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Reo tahiti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghimbir" title="Ghimbir – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ghimbir" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awirinri" title="Awirinri – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Awirinri" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Имбирь аптечный – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Имбирь аптечный" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tayu" title="tayu – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tayu" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="आर्द्रकम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="आर्द्रकम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A6%E1%B1%AE" title="ᱟᱫᱦᱮ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱟᱫᱦᱮ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginge" title="Ginge – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Ginge" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xhenxhefili" title="Xhenxhefili – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Xhenxhefili" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A8nciru" title="Gènciru – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Gènciru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%89%E0%B6%9F%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%94" title="ඉඟුරු – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඉඟුරු" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ginger" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AA" title="ادرڪ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ادرڪ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Eumbier_lek%C3%A1rsky" title="Ďumbier lekársky – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ďumbier lekársky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingver" title="Ingver – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Ingver" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84" title="زەنجەفیل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زەنجەفیل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%82%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80" title="Ђумбир – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Ђумбир" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90umbir" title="Đumbir – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Đumbir" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jah%C3%A9" title="Jahé – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jahé" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inkiv%C3%A4%C3%A4ri" title="Inkivääri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Inkivääri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingef%C3%A4ra" title="Ingefära – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ingefära" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luya" title="Luya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Luya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9E%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="இஞ்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இஞ்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%B6%E1%80%AD%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ၶိင် – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="ၶိင်" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%85%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%82" title="అల్లం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="అల్లం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%87" title="ขิง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ขิง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%BD%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB" title="Занҷабил – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Занҷабил" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಶುಂಠಿ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಶುಂಠಿ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zencefil" title="Zencefil – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zencefil" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" title="Zingiber officinale – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Zingiber officinale" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Імбир садовий – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Імбир садовий" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="ادرک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ادرک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%89%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84" title="زەنجىۋىل – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="زەنجىۋىل" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hing" title="Hing – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Hing" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%E1%BB%ABng" title="Gừng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gừng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingviir" title="Ingviir – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ingviir" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%91" title="薑 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="薑" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gember" title="Gember – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gember" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luy-a" title="Luy-a – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Luy-a" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A7%9C" title="姜 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="姜" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Species of plant used as a spice</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the plant. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ginger_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ginger (disambiguation)">Ginger (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Ginger root" redirects here. For the music project, see <a href="/wiki/Ginger_Root_(music_project)" title="Ginger Root (music project)">Ginger Root (music project)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Ginger </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Koeh-146-no_text.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koeh-146-no_text.jpg/220px-Koeh-146-no_text.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koeh-146-no_text.jpg/330px-Koeh-146-no_text.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Koeh-146-no_text.jpg/440px-Koeh-146-no_text.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="3557" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">1896 color plate from<br /><i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6hler%27s_Medicinal_Plants" title="Köhler's Medicinal Plants">Köhler's Medicinal Plants</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginger_inflorescence.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ginger_inflorescence.jpg/220px-Ginger_inflorescence.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ginger_inflorescence.jpg/330px-Ginger_inflorescence.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Ginger_inflorescence.jpg/440px-Ginger_inflorescence.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%">Inflorescence </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Zingiber" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monocotyledon" title="Monocotyledon">Monocots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commelinids" title="Commelinids">Commelinids</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zingiberales" title="Zingiberales">Zingiberales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zingiber" title="Zingiber"><i>Zingiber</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Z. officinale</b></i></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">Binomial name</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><b><span class="binomial"><span style="font-weight:normal;"></span><i>Zingiber officinale</i></span></b><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/William_Roscoe" title="William Roscoe">Roscoe</a><sup id="cite_ref-GRIN_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GRIN-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b>Ginger</b> (<i>Zingiber officinale</i>) is a <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plant</a> whose <a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">rhizome</a>, <b>ginger root</b> or ginger, is widely used as a <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spice</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Folk_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Folk medicine">folk medicine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nccih_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is an <a href="/wiki/Herbaceous" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbaceous">herbaceous</a> <a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a> that grows annual pseudostems (false stems made of the rolled bases of leaves) about one meter tall, bearing narrow leaf blades. The <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">inflorescences</a> bear flowers having pale yellow petals with purple edges, and arise directly from the rhizome on separate shoots.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ginger is in the <a href="/wiki/Family_(taxonomy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Family (taxonomy)">family</a> <a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a>, which also includes <a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a> (<i>Curcuma longa</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">cardamom</a> (<i>Elettaria cardamomum</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">galangal</a>. Ginger originated in <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a> and was likely domesticated first by the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a>. It was transported with them throughout the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Pacific" title="Indo-Pacific">Indo-Pacific</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian expansion">Austronesian expansion</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 5,000</span> <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>), reaching as far as <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. Ginger is one of the first spices to have been exported from Asia, arriving in <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a>, and was used by <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Romans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kew_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kew-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The distantly related <a href="/wiki/Dicots" class="mw-redirect" title="Dicots">dicots</a> in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Asarum" title="Asarum">Asarum</a></i> are commonly called wild ginger because of their similar taste. </p><p>Ginger has been used in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> in China, India and Japan for centuries, and as a <a href="/wiki/Dietary_supplement" title="Dietary supplement">dietary supplement</a>. There is no good evidence that ginger helps alleviate nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy or <a href="/wiki/Chemotherapy" title="Chemotherapy">chemotherapy</a>, and its safety has not been demonstrated.<sup id="cite_ref-preg_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chemo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It remains uncertain whether ginger is effective for treating any disease, and use of ginger as a <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">drug</a> has not been approved by the <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, world production of ginger was 4.3 million <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonnes</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> with 43% of the world total. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> <p>The English origin of the word "ginger" is from the mid-14th century, from <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">gingifer</i></span>, which derives in turn from the <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">gingiber</i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">gingiber</i></span> from the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">ζιγγίβερις</span></span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">zingiberis</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the <a href="/wiki/Prakrit" title="Prakrit">Prakrit</a> (Middle Indic) <span title="Prakrit languages romanization"><i lang="pra-Latn">siṅgabera</i></span>, and <span title="Prakrit languages romanization"><i lang="pra-Latn">siṅgabera</i></span> from the <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">śṛṅgavera</i></span>. The Sanskrit word is thought to come from an ancient <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a> word that also produced the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Malayalam" title="Malayalam">Malayalam</a> term <span title="Malayalam-language romanization"><i lang="ml-Latn">iñci-vēr</i></span> (from <span title="Malayalam-language romanization"><i lang="ml-Latn">vēr</i></span>, "root");<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-W1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an alternative explanation is that the Sanskrit word comes from <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">srngam</i></span>, meaning "horn", and <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">vera</i></span>, meaning "body" (describing the shape of its root), but that may be <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-W1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-W1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word probably was readopted in <a href="/wiki/Middle_English" title="Middle English">Middle English</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <span title="Old French (842-ca. 1400)-language text"><i lang="fro">gingibre</i></span> (modern French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">gingembre</i></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin_and_distribution">Origin and distribution</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zingiber_officinale_flower_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Zingiber_officinale_flower_crop.jpg/220px-Zingiber_officinale_flower_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Zingiber_officinale_flower_crop.jpg/330px-Zingiber_officinale_flower_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Zingiber_officinale_flower_crop.jpg/440px-Zingiber_officinale_flower_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="463" data-file-height="568" /></a><figcaption>Ginger flower</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flower_of_Ginger1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flower_of_Ginger1.jpg/220px-Flower_of_Ginger1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flower_of_Ginger1.jpg/330px-Flower_of_Ginger1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Flower_of_Ginger1.jpg/440px-Flower_of_Ginger1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Ginger flower</figcaption></figure> <p>Ginger originated from <a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime Southeast Asia</a>. It is a true <a href="/wiki/Cultigen" title="Cultigen">cultigen</a> and does not exist in its wild state.<sup id="cite_ref-Ravindran2016_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ravindran2016-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-singh_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most ancient evidence of its domestication is among the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_peoples" title="Austronesian peoples">Austronesian peoples</a> where it was among several species of <a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">ginger</a> cultivated and exploited since ancient times. They cultivated other gingers including turmeric (<i><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_longa" class="mw-redirect" title="Curcuma longa">Curcuma longa</a></i>), white turmeric (<i><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Curcuma zedoaria</a></i>), and bitter ginger (<i><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_zerumbet" title="Zingiber zerumbet">Zingiber zerumbet</a></i>). The rhizomes and the leaves were used to flavour food or eaten directly. The leaves were also used to weave mats. Aside from these uses, ginger had religious significance among Austronesians, being used in rituals for healing and for asking protection from spirits. It was also used in the blessing of <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_ships" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian ships">Austronesian ships</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Viestad_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viestad-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ross2008Lexicon_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ross2008Lexicon-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blusttrusell_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blusttrusell-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ujang2015_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ujang2015-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalby2002_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalby2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-KikusawaReid_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KikusawaReid-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ginger was carried with them in their voyages as <a href="/wiki/Canoe_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Canoe plant">canoe plants</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Austronesian_expansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Austronesian expansion">Austronesian expansion</a>, starting from around 5,000 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>. They introduced it to the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific Island">Pacific Islands</a> in prehistory, long before any contact with other civilizations. <a href="/wiki/Reflex_(linguistics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Reflex (linguistics)">Reflexes</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Proto-Malayo-Polynesian" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Malayo-Polynesian">Proto-Malayo-Polynesian</a> word <i>*<span title="uncoded-language text"><i lang="mis">laqia</i></span></i> are found in Austronesian languages all the way to <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Blust1985_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Blust1985-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blusttrusell_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blusttrusell-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also presumably introduced it to India along with other Southeast Asian food plants and <a href="/wiki/Outrigger_canoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Outrigger canoe">Austronesian sailing technologies</a>, during early contact by Austronesian sailors with the <a href="/wiki/Dravidian_languages" title="Dravidian languages">Dravidian</a>-speaking peoples of <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_India" title="South India">South India</a> at around 3,500 <a href="/wiki/Before_Present" title="Before Present">BP</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Viestad_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Viestad-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dalby2002_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dalby2002-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mahdi1999_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mahdi1999-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was also carried by Austronesian voyagers into <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a> in the 1st millennium CE.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From India, it was carried by traders into the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean">Mediterranean</a> by around the 1st century CE. It was primarily grown in <a href="/wiki/Southern_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern India">southern India</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Sunda_Islands" title="Greater Sunda Islands">Greater Sunda Islands</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Spice_trade" title="Spice trade">spice trade</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Piper_(genus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Piper (genus)">peppers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">cloves</a>, and numerous other spices.<sup id="cite_ref-singh_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-singh-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Doran_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <p>The first written record of ginger comes from the <i><a href="/wiki/Analects" title="Analects">Analects</a></i>, written by the <a href="/wiki/Disciples_of_Confucius" title="Disciples of Confucius">Disciples of Confucius</a><sup id="cite_ref-Rainey2010_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rainey2010-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in China during the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">Warring States period</a> (475–221 BCE).<sup id="cite_ref-pickersgill_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickersgill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In it, <a href="/wiki/Confucius" title="Confucius">Confucius</a> was said to eat ginger with every meal.<sup id="cite_ref-pickersgill_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickersgill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 406, the monk <a href="/wiki/Faxian" title="Faxian">Faxian</a> wrote that ginger was grown in pots and carried on Chinese ships to prevent <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pickersgill_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickersgill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Song_dynasty" title="Song dynasty">Song dynasty</a> (960–1279), ginger was being imported into China from southern countries.<sup id="cite_ref-pickersgill_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickersgill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ginger was introduced to the Mediterranean by the Arabs, and described by writers like <a href="/wiki/Dioscorides" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioscorides">Dioscorides</a> (40–90) and <a href="/wiki/Pliny_the_Elder" title="Pliny the Elder">Pliny the Elder</a> (24–79).<sup id="cite_ref-pickersgill_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickersgill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 150, <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy" title="Ptolemy">Ptolemy</a> noted that ginger was produced in <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (Sri Lanka).<sup id="cite_ref-pickersgill_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickersgill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ginger—along with its relative, <a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">galangal</a>—was imported into the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> as part of very expensive herbal remedies that only the wealthy could afford, e.g. for the kidneys. <a href="/wiki/A%C3%ABtius_of_Amida" title="Aëtius of Amida">Aëtius of Amida</a> describes both ginger and galangal as ingredients in his complex herbal prescriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-dalby2000_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dalby2000-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Raw and preserved ginger was imported into Europe in increased quantity during the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> after European tastes shifted favorably towards its culinary properties; during this time, ginger was described in the official <a href="/wiki/Pharmacopoeia" title="Pharmacopoeia">pharmacopeias</a> of several countries.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 14th century England, a pound of ginger cost as much as a sheep.<sup id="cite_ref-pickersgill_26-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pickersgill-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Archaeological evidence of ginger in northwest Europe comes from the wreck of the Danish-Norwegian flagship, <i><a href="/wiki/Gribshunden" title="Gribshunden">Gribshunden</a></i>. The ship sank off the southern coast of Sweden in the summer of 1495 while conveying King Hans to a summit with the Swedish Council. Among the luxuries carried on the ship were ginger, cloves, saffron, and pepper.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Horticulture">Horticulture</h2></div> <p>Ginger produces <a href="/wiki/Inflorescence" title="Inflorescence">clusters</a> of white and pink <a href="/wiki/Flower_bud" class="mw-redirect" title="Flower bud">flower buds</a> that bloom into yellow flowers. Because of its aesthetic appeal and the adaptation of the plant to warm climates, it is often used as <a href="/wiki/Landscaping" title="Landscaping">landscaping</a> around <a href="/wiki/Subtropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Subtropical">subtropical</a> homes. It is a <a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Reed_bed" title="Reed bed">reed</a>-like plant with annual leafy stems, about a meter (3 to 4 feet) tall. Traditionally, the rhizome is gathered when the stalk <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wither" class="extiw" title="wikt:wither">withers</a>; it is immediately <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/scald" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/scald">scalded</a>, or washed and scraped, to kill it and prevent <a href="/wiki/Sprouting" title="Sprouting">sprouting</a>. The fragrant <a href="/wiki/Perisperm" class="mw-redirect" title="Perisperm">perisperm</a> of the Zingiberaceae is used as <a href="/wiki/Sweetmeat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sweetmeat">sweetmeats</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bantu_peoples" title="Bantu peoples">Bantu</a>, and also as a condiment and <a href="/wiki/Sialagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Sialagogue">sialagogue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:left; width:18em; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Ginger production, 2020  </th></tr> <tr> <th style="background:#ddf; width:75%;">Country </th> <th style="background:#ddf; width:25%;"><small>Production (tonnes)</small> </th></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td> <td>1,844,000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Flag_of_Nigeria.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nigeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></td> <td>734,295 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td>618,904 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/12px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/19px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Flag_of_Nepal.svg/25px-Flag_of_Nepal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="726" data-file-height="885" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a></td> <td>298,945 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Indonesia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Indonesia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></td> <td>183,518 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/23px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/35px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Flag_of_Thailand.svg/45px-Flag_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td> <td>167,021 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#ccc;"> <td><span class="flagicon" style="padding-left:25px;"> </span><b>World</b> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b>4,328,277</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="5" style="font-size:.7em; text-align:left;"> <p>Source: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, Statistics Division (FAOSTAT)<sup id="cite_ref-fao_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2020, global production of ginger was 4.3 million <a href="/wiki/Tonnes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tonnes">tonnes</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> with 43% of the world total. <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> also had substantial production.<sup id="cite_ref-fao_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fao-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Production_in_India">Production in India</h3></div> <p>Though it is grown in many areas across the globe, ginger is "among the earliest recorded spices to be cultivated and exported from southwest India".<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India holds the seventh position in ginger export worldwide, however is the "largest producer of ginger in the world".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Regions in southwest and Northeast India are most suitable for ginger production due to their warm and humid climate, average rainfall and land space.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ginger has the ability to grow in a wide variety of land types and areas, however is best produced when grown in a warm, humid environment, at an elevation between 300 and 900 m (1,000 and 3,000 ft), and in well-drained soils at least 30 cm deep.<sup id="cite_ref-Nybe_2016_224–253_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nybe_2016_224–253-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A period of low rainfall prior to growing and well-distributed rainfall during growing are also essential for the ginger to thrive well in the soil.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ginger produced in India is most often farmed through homestead farming, with work adaptively shared by available family and community members.<sup id="cite_ref-Nybe_2016_224–253_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nybe_2016_224–253-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ginger_farming">Ginger farming</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gingerfield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gingerfield.jpg/220px-Gingerfield.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gingerfield.jpg/330px-Gingerfield.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Gingerfield.jpg/440px-Gingerfield.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Ginger field</figcaption></figure> <p>The size of the ginger rhizome is essential to the production of ginger. The larger the rhizome piece, the faster ginger will be produced and therefore the faster it will be sold onto the market.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to planting the seed rhizomes, farmers are required to treat the seeds to prevent pests, and rhizome rot and other <a href="/wiki/Seed-borne_disease" class="mw-redirect" title="Seed-borne disease">seed-borne diseases</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various ways Indian farmers do seed treatment include dipping the seeds in cow dung emulsion, smoking the seeds before storage, and hot water treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Once the seeds are properly treated, the farmland in which they are to be planted must be thoroughly dug or ploughed by the farmer to break up the soil.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the soil is sufficiently ploughed (at least 3–5 times), water channels are made 60–80 feet (18–24 m) apart to irrigate the crop.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next step is planting the rhizome seed. In India, planting the irrigated ginger crop is usually done in the months between March and June as those months account for the beginning of the monsoon, or rainy season.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the planting stage is done, farmers go on to mulch the crop to conserve moisture and check weed growth, as well as check surface run-off to conserve soil.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mulching is done by applying mulch (green leaves for example) to the plant beds directly after planting and again 45 and 90 days into growth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After mulching comes hilling, which is the stirring and breaking up of soil to check weed growth, break the firmness of the soil from rain, and conserve soil moisture.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmers must ensure that their ginger crops are receiving supplemental irrigation if rainfall is low in their region. In India, farmers must irrigate their ginger crops every two weeks at the least between September and November (when the monsoon is over) to ensure maximum yield and high quality product.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The final farming stage for ginger is the harvesting stage. When the rhizome is planted for products such as vegetable, soda, and candy, harvesting should be done between four and five months of planting, whereas when the rhizome is planted for products such as dried ginger or ginger oil, harvesting must be done eight to ten months after planting.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dry ginger is one of the most popular forms of ginger in commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ginger rhizomes for dry ginger are harvested at full maturity (8–10 months).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After soaking them in water, the outer skin is scraped off with a bamboo splinter or wooden knife by hand as it is too delicate a process to be done by machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_40-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The whole dried rhizomes are ground in the consuming centres.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fresh ginger does not need further processing after harvest, and it is harvested much younger.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation_and_export_of_ginger">Transportation and export of ginger</h2></div> <p>Ginger is sent through various stages to be transported to its final destination either domestically or internationally. The journey begins when farmers sell a portion of their produce to village traders who collect produce right at the farm gate.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the produce is collected, it is transported to the closest assembly market where it is then taken to main regional or district level marketing centres.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Farmers with a large yield of produce will directly take their produce to local or regional markets. Once the produce has "reached [the] regional level markets, they are cleaned, graded, and packed in sacks of about 60 kg".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are then moved to terminal markets such as in New Delhi, Kochi, and Bombay.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>States from which ginger is exported follow the marketing channels of vegetable marketing in India, and the steps are similar to those when transported domestically. However, instead of reaching a terminal market after the regional forwarding centres, the produce will reach an export market and then be sent off by vehicle, plane or boat to reach its final international destination, where it will arrive at a local retail market and finally reach the consumer once purchased.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dry ginger is most popularly traded between Asian countries through a unique distribution system involving a network of small retail outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fresh and preserved ginger are often sold directly to supermarket chains, and in some countries fresh ginger is seen exclusively in small shops unique to certain ethnic communities.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> India frequently exports its ginger and other vegetable produce to nearby Pakistan and Bangladesh, as well as "Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Morocco, the United States, Yemen Republic, the United Kingdom, and Netherlands".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though India is the largest ginger producer in the world, it fails to play the role of a large exporter and only accounts for about 1.17% of total ginger exports.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ginger farming in India is a costly and risky business, as farmers do not gain much money from exports and "more than 65% of the total cost incurred is toward labor and seed material purchase".<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The farm owner may benefit given that there is no losses in production or price decreases, which is not easily avoidable.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Production of dry ginger proves to have a higher benefit-cost ratio, as well as ginger cultivated in intercropping systems rather than as a pure crop.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_32-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culinary">Culinary</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ingwer_2_(fcm).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ingwer_2_%28fcm%29.jpg/220px-Ingwer_2_%28fcm%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ingwer_2_%28fcm%29.jpg/330px-Ingwer_2_%28fcm%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Ingwer_2_%28fcm%29.jpg/440px-Ingwer_2_%28fcm%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2943" data-file-height="2100" /></a><figcaption>Fresh ginger rhizome</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fresh_ginger.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Fresh_ginger.jpg/220px-Fresh_ginger.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Fresh_ginger.jpg/330px-Fresh_ginger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Fresh_ginger.jpg/440px-Fresh_ginger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3066" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>Freshly washed ginger</figcaption></figure> <p>Ginger is a common spice used worldwide, whether for meals or as a folk medicine.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ginger can be used for a variety of food items such as vegetables, candy, soda, pickles, and alcoholic beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_38-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ginger is a fragrant kitchen spice.<sup id="cite_ref-Kew_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kew-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Young ginger rhizomes are juicy and fleshy with a mild taste. They are often <a href="/wiki/Pickled" class="mw-redirect" title="Pickled">pickled</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a> or <a href="/wiki/Sherry" title="Sherry">sherry</a> as a snack or cooked as an ingredient in many dishes. They can be <a href="/wiki/Steeped" class="mw-redirect" title="Steeped">steeped</a> in boiling water to make ginger <a href="/wiki/Herb_tea" class="mw-redirect" title="Herb tea">herb tea</a>, to which <a href="/wiki/Honey" title="Honey">honey</a> may be added. Ginger can be made into candy or <a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">ginger wine</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Asia">Asia</h4></div> <p>Mature ginger rhizomes are <a href="/wiki/Fibrous" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrous">fibrous</a> and nearly dry. The juice from ginger roots is often used as a seasoning in <a href="/wiki/Indian_cuisine" title="Indian cuisine">Indian recipes</a> and is a common ingredient of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Cuisine">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese Cuisine">Japanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese</a>, and many South Asian cuisines for <a href="/wiki/Flavoring" title="Flavoring">flavoring</a> dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Seafood" title="Seafood">seafood</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Vegetarian_dishes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vegetarian dishes">vegetarian dishes</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginger_in_China_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ginger_in_China_01.jpg/220px-Ginger_in_China_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ginger_in_China_01.jpg/330px-Ginger_in_China_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Ginger_in_China_01.jpg/440px-Ginger_in_China_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>Two varieties of ginger in China</figcaption></figure> <p>In Indian cuisine, ginger is a key ingredient, especially in thicker gravies, as well as in many other dishes, both vegetarian and meat-based. Ginger has a role in traditional <a href="/wiki/Ayurvedic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayurvedic">Ayurvedic</a> medicine. It is an ingredient in traditional Indian drinks, both cold and hot, including spiced <i><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">masala chai</a></i>. Fresh ginger is one of the main spices used for making <a href="/wiki/Pulse_(legume)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulse (legume)">pulse</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lentil" title="Lentil">lentil</a> curries and other vegetable preparations. Fresh ginger together with peeled garlic cloves is crushed or ground to form <a href="/wiki/Ginger_garlic_masala" title="Ginger garlic masala">ginger garlic masala</a>. Fresh, as well as dried, ginger is used to spice tea and coffee, especially in winter. In south India, "sambharam" is a summer yogurt drink made with ginger as a key ingredient, along with green chillies, salt and curry leaves. Ginger powder is used in food preparations intended primarily for pregnant or <a href="/wiki/Nursing" title="Nursing">nursing</a> women, the most popular one being <i>katlu</i>, which is a mixture of gum resin, <i><a href="/wiki/Ghee" title="Ghee">ghee</a></i>, nuts, and sugar. Ginger is also consumed in candied and pickled form. In Japan, ginger is pickled to make <i><a href="/wiki/Beni_sh%C5%8Dga" title="Beni shōga">beni shōga</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)">gari</a></i> or grated and used raw on <a href="/wiki/Tofu" title="Tofu">tofu</a> or <a href="/wiki/Noodle" title="Noodle">noodles</a>. It is made into a candy called <i>shoga no <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sato</a> <a href="/wiki/Tsukemono" title="Tsukemono">zuke</a></i>. In the traditional <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">kimchi</a></i>, ginger is either finely minced or just juiced to avoid the fibrous texture and added to the ingredients of the spicy paste just before the fermenting process. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Steamed_salted_fish_diced_chicken_rice_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Steamed_salted_fish_diced_chicken_rice_02.jpg/170px-Steamed_salted_fish_diced_chicken_rice_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Steamed_salted_fish_diced_chicken_rice_02.jpg/255px-Steamed_salted_fish_diced_chicken_rice_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Steamed_salted_fish_diced_chicken_rice_02.jpg/340px-Steamed_salted_fish_diced_chicken_rice_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1082" /></a><figcaption>A Chinese dish with ginger slices. It shows the typical amount of ginger consumed each meal.</figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, ginger is called <i>gyin</i>. It is widely used in cooking and as a main ingredient in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicines</a>. It is consumed as a <a href="/wiki/Salad" title="Salad">salad</a> dish called <i>gyin-thot</i>, which consists of shredded ginger preserved in oil, with a variety of nuts and seeds. In Thailand' where it is called ขิง <i>khing</i>, it is used to make a ginger garlic paste in cooking. In <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, a beverage called <i><a href="/wiki/Wedang_jahe" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedang jahe">wedang jahe</a></i> is made from ginger and <a href="/wiki/Palm_sugar" title="Palm sugar">palm sugar</a>. Indonesians also use ground ginger root, called <i>jahe</i>, as a common ingredient in local recipes. In <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>, ginger is called <i>halia</i> and used in many kinds of dishes, especially soups. Called <i>luya</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, ginger is a common ingredient in local dishes and is brewed as a tea called <i>salabat</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-hardon_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hardon-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-co_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-co-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, the fresh leaves, finely chopped, can be added to shrimp-and-yam soup (<i>canh khoai mỡ</i>) as a top garnish and spice to add a much subtler flavor of ginger than the chopped root. In China, sliced or whole ginger root is often paired with savory dishes such as fish, and chopped ginger root is commonly paired with meat, when it is cooked. Candied ginger is sometimes a component of Chinese candy boxes, and a <a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">herbal tea</a> can be prepared from ginger. Raw ginger juice can be used to set milk and make a <a href="/wiki/Dessert" title="Dessert">dessert</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_milk_curd" title="Ginger milk curd">ginger milk curd</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="North_America">North America</h4></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, ginger is a popular spice for cooking and for making drinks such as <a href="/wiki/Sorrel_(drink)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sorrel (drink)">sorrel</a>, a drink made during the Christmas season. <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaicans</a> make ginger beer both as a carbonated beverage and also fresh in their homes. Ginger tea is often made from fresh ginger, as well as the famous regional specialty Jamaican ginger cake. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Western_countries">Western countries</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gingerbread_landscape.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gingerbread_landscape.jpg/220px-Gingerbread_landscape.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gingerbread_landscape.jpg/330px-Gingerbread_landscape.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Gingerbread_landscape.jpg/440px-Gingerbread_landscape.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread_man" title="Gingerbread man">Gingerbread man</a> and his wife with a <a href="/wiki/Gingerbread_house" title="Gingerbread house">gingerbread house</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Western_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Western cuisine">Western cuisine</a>, ginger is traditionally used mainly in sweet foods such as <a href="/wiki/Ginger_ale" title="Ginger ale">ginger ale</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">gingerbread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_snap" title="Ginger snap">ginger snaps</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parkin_(cake)" title="Parkin (cake)">parkin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Speculaas" title="Speculaas">speculaas</a>. A ginger-flavored <a href="/wiki/Liqueur" title="Liqueur">liqueur</a> called <a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_Canton_(liqueur)" title="Domaine de Canton (liqueur)">Canton</a> is produced in <a href="/wiki/Jarnac" title="Jarnac">Jarnac</a>, France. <a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a> is a ginger-flavoured wine produced in the United Kingdom, traditionally sold in a green glass bottle. Ginger is also used as a spice added to hot coffee and tea. On the island of <a href="/wiki/Corfu" title="Corfu">Corfu</a>, Greece, a traditional drink called τσιτσιμπύρα (<i>tsitsibira</i>), a type of <a href="/wiki/Ginger_beer" title="Ginger beer">ginger beer</a>, is made. The people of Corfu and the rest of the Ionian islands adopted the drink from the British, during the period of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_of_the_Ionian_Islands" title="United States of the Ionian Islands">United States of the Ionian Islands</a>. </p><p>Fresh ginger can be substituted for ground ginger at a ratio of six to one, although the flavours of fresh and dried ginger are somewhat different. Powdered dry ginger root is typically used as a flavouring for recipes such as <a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">gingerbread</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cookie" title="Cookie">cookies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cracker_(food)" title="Cracker (food)">crackers</a> and cakes, <a href="/wiki/Ginger_ale" title="Ginger ale">ginger ale</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ginger_beer" title="Ginger beer">ginger beer</a>. Candied or <a href="/wiki/Crystallized_ginger" class="mw-redirect" title="Crystallized ginger">crystallized ginger</a>, known in the UK as "<b>stem ginger</b>", is the root cooked in sugar until soft, and is a type of <a href="/wiki/Confectionery" title="Confectionery">confectionery</a>. Fresh ginger may be peeled before eating. For longer-term storage, the ginger can be placed in a plastic bag and refrigerated or frozen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_East">Middle East</h4></div> <p>Ginger is used in <a href="/wiki/Iranian_cuisine" title="Iranian cuisine">Iranian cuisine</a>. Ginger bread is a kind of cookie traditionally prepared in the city of <a href="/wiki/Gorgan" title="Gorgan">Gorgan</a> on the holiday of <a href="/wiki/Nowruz" title="Nowruz">Nowruz</a> (New Year's Day).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Similar_ingredients">Similar ingredients</h3></div> <p>Other members of the family <a href="/wiki/Zingiberaceae" title="Zingiberaceae">Zingiberaceae</a> are used in similar ways. They include the <i><a href="/wiki/Myoga" title="Myoga">myoga</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_mioga" class="mw-redirect" title="Zingiber mioga">Zingiber mioga</a></i>), the several types of <a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">galangal</a>, the fingerroot (<i><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Boesenbergia rotunda</a></i>), and the bitter ginger (<i><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_zerumbet" title="Zingiber zerumbet">Zingiber zerumbet</a></i>). </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Dicotyledon" title="Dicotyledon">dicotyledonous</a> native species of eastern North America, <i><a href="/wiki/Asarum_canadense" title="Asarum canadense">Asarum canadense</a></i>, is also known as "<a href="/wiki/Asarum" title="Asarum">wild ginger</a>", and its root has similar aromatic properties, but it is not related to true ginger. The plant contains <a href="/wiki/Aristolochic_acid" title="Aristolochic acid">aristolochic acid</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Carcinogen" title="Carcinogen">carcinogenic</a> compound.<sup id="cite_ref-2001FDA_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2001FDA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States Food and Drug Administration warns that consumption of aristolochic acid-containing products is associated with "permanent kidney damage, sometimes resulting in kidney failure that has required kidney dialysis or kidney transplantation. In addition, some patients have developed certain types of cancers, most often occurring in the urinary tract."<sup id="cite_ref-2001FDA_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2001FDA-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowrap"><caption class="infobox-title" style="white-space:normal; padding-bottom:0.15em;">Ginger root (raw)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginger_cross_section.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ginger_cross_section.jpg/235px-Ginger_cross_section.jpg" decoding="async" width="235" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ginger_cross_section.jpg/353px-Ginger_cross_section.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Ginger_cross_section.jpg/470px-Ginger_cross_section.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1365" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Cross-section of ginger root</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a></th><td class="infobox-data">333 kJ (80 kcal)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrate" title="Carbohydrate">Carbohydrates</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">17.77 g</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">Sugars</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">1.7 g</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">Dietary fiber</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">2 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fat</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">0.75 g</div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;"><b><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a></b></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="position:relative;left:-0.65em;">1.82 g</div></td></tr> <tr><td colspan="2"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="; ; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; ;"><div style="text-align: center; padding: 0 0.4em; margin: 0 3.3em">Vitamins and minerals</div></th> </tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">Vitamins</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Thiamine" title="Thiamine">Thiamine (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">1</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.025 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Riboflavin" title="Riboflavin">Riboflavin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">2</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.034 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Niacin_(nutrient)" class="mw-redirect" title="Niacin (nutrient)">Niacin (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">3</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">5%</div> 0.75 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Pantothenic_acid" title="Pantothenic acid">Pantothenic acid (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">5</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">4%</div> 0.203 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_B6" title="Vitamin B6">Vitamin B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.3em;">6</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">9%</div> 0.16 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Folate" title="Folate">Folate (B<span style="position: relative; top: 0.35em;">9</span>)</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 11 μg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">6%</div> 5 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_E" title="Vitamin E">Vitamin E</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">2%</div> 0.26 mg</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Mineral_(nutrient)" title="Mineral (nutrient)">Minerals</a></b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b> <div style="float: right;"><abbr title="Percentage of Daily Value"><b>%DV</b></abbr><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Calcium_in_biology#Humans" title="Calcium in biology">Calcium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 16 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Human_iron_metabolism" title="Human iron metabolism">Iron</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.6 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">Magnesium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">10%</div> 43 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Manganese#Human_health_and_nutrition" title="Manganese">Manganese</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">10%</div> 0.229 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Phosphorus#Biological_role" title="Phosphorus">Phosphorus</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 34 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">Potassium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">14%</div> 415 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Sodium_in_biology" title="Sodium in biology">Sodium</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">1%</div> 13 mg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><a href="/wiki/Zinc#Biological_role" title="Zinc">Zinc</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><div style="float: right;">3%</div> 0.34 mg</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;"><b style="margin-left:-0.65em">Other constituents</b></th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;"><b>Quantity</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;font-weight:normal;padding-right:0.25em;">Water</th><td class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align:middle;padding-left:0.65em;line-height:1.1em;">79 g</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /><div class="wrap" style="padding:0.3em;line-height:1.2em;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/fdc-app.html#/food-details/169231/nutrients">Full link to USDA Database entry</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below wrap" style="background:#e0e0e0;padding:0.3em;line-height:1.5em;font-weight:normal;font-size:0.9em"><sup>†</sup>Percentages estimated using <a href="/wiki/Reference_Daily_Intake#Daily_Values" title="Reference Daily Intake">US recommendations</a> for adults,<sup id="cite_ref-FDADailyValues_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FDADailyValues-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> except for potassium, which is estimated based on expert recommendation from <a href="/wiki/National_Academies_of_Sciences,_Engineering,_and_Medicine" title="National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine">the National Academies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NationalAcademiesPotassium_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NationalAcademiesPotassium-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Raw ginger is 79% water, 18% <a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">carbohydrates</a>, 2% <a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">protein</a>, and 1% <a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">fat</a> (table). In a reference amount of 100 g (3.5 oz), raw ginger supplies 333 kilojoules (80 kilocalories) of <a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">food energy</a> and moderate amounts of <a href="/wiki/Potassium_in_biology" title="Potassium in biology">potassium</a> (14% of the <a href="/wiki/Daily_Value" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Value">Daily Value</a>, DV), <a href="/wiki/Magnesium_in_biology" title="Magnesium in biology">magnesium</a> (10% DV) and <a href="/wiki/Manganese_in_biology" title="Manganese in biology">manganese</a> (10% DV), but otherwise is low in <a href="/wiki/Micronutrient" title="Micronutrient">micronutrient</a> content (table). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition_and_safety">Composition and safety</h2></div> <p>If consumed in reasonable quantities, ginger has few negative <a href="/wiki/Side_effect" title="Side effect">side effects</a>, although large amounts may cause <a href="/wiki/Adverse_event" title="Adverse event">adverse events</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Gastrointestinal" class="mw-redirect" title="Gastrointestinal">gastrointestinal</a> discomfort, and undesirable interactions with <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription drugs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Spinella2001_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spinella2001-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is on the <a href="/wiki/FDA" class="mw-redirect" title="FDA">FDA</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe" title="Generally recognized as safe">generally recognized as safe</a>" list,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though it does <a href="/wiki/Drug_interaction" title="Drug interaction">interact</a> with some medications, including the <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulant</a> drug <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Cardiovascular" class="mw-redirect" title="Cardiovascular">cardiovascular</a> drug <a href="/wiki/Nifedipine" title="Nifedipine">nifedipine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nccih_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chemistry">Chemistry</h3></div> <p>The characteristic fragrance and flavor of ginger result from <a href="/wiki/Volatility_(chemistry)" title="Volatility (chemistry)">volatile</a> <a href="/wiki/Essential_oil" title="Essential oil">oils</a> that compose 1–3% of the weight of fresh ginger, primarily consisting of <a href="/wiki/Sesquiterpene" title="Sesquiterpene">sesquiterpenes</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Bisabolene" title="Bisabolene">beta-bisabolene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zingiberene" title="Zingiberene">zingiberene</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zingerone" title="Zingerone">zingerone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol">shogaols</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol">gingerols</a> with [6]-gingerol (1-[4'-hydroxy-3'-methoxyphenyl]-5-hydroxy-3-decanone) as the major pungent compound.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-an_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-an-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some 400 chemical compounds exist in raw ginger.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zingerone is produced from gingerols during drying, having lower pungency and a spicy-sweet aroma.<sup id="cite_ref-an_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-an-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shogaols are more pungent, and are formed from gingerols during heating, storage or via acidity.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-an_51-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-an-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous <a href="/wiki/Monoterpene" title="Monoterpene">monoterpenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amino_acid" title="Amino acid">amino acids</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dietary_fiber" title="Dietary fiber">dietary fiber</a>, protein, <a href="/wiki/Phytosterol" title="Phytosterol">phytosterols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitamin" title="Vitamin">vitamins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Dietary_mineral" class="mw-redirect" title="Dietary mineral">dietary minerals</a> are other constituents.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fresh ginger also contains an enzyme <a href="/wiki/Zingibain" title="Zingibain">zingibain</a> which is a <a href="/wiki/Cysteine_protease" title="Cysteine protease">cysteine protease</a> and has similar properties to <a href="/wiki/Rennet" title="Rennet">rennet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2></div> <p>Evidence that ginger use is associated with reduced <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a> during pregnancy is of low quality.<sup id="cite_ref-preg_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preg-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no good evidence ginger helps alleviate chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.<sup id="cite_ref-chemo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chemo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There is no clear evidence that taking ginger to treat <a href="/wiki/Nausea" title="Nausea">nausea</a> during pregnancy is safe.<sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Giacosa_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Giacosa-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ernst-meta_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ernst-meta-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ginger is not effective for treating <a href="/wiki/Dysmenorrhea" title="Dysmenorrhea">dysmenorrhea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is some evidence for it having an <a href="/wiki/Anti-inflammatory" title="Anti-inflammatory">anti-inflammatory</a> effect, and improving digestive function, but insufficient evidence for it affecting pain in <a href="/wiki/Osteoarthritis" title="Osteoarthritis">osteoarthritis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The evidence that ginger retards blood clotting is mixed.<sup id="cite_ref-Marx_McKavanagh_McCarthy_Bird_p=e0141119_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marx_McKavanagh_McCarthy_Bird_p=e0141119-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2018 review found evidence that ginger could decrease body weight in obese subjects and increase <a href="/wiki/HDL-cholesterol" class="mw-redirect" title="HDL-cholesterol">HDL-cholesterol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adverse_effects">Adverse effects</h2></div> <p>Although <a href="/wiki/Generally_recognized_as_safe" title="Generally recognized as safe">generally recognized as safe</a>, ginger can cause <a href="/wiki/Heartburn" title="Heartburn">heartburn</a> and other side effects, particularly if taken in powdered form.<sup id="cite_ref-nccih_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It may adversely affect individuals with <a href="/wiki/Gallstone" title="Gallstone">gallstones</a>, and may interfere with the effects of <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulants</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a> or <a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">aspirin</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug" title="Prescription drug">prescription drugs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nccih_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nccih-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-drugs_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drugs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginger_Plant_vs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ginger plant with flower"><img alt="Ginger plant with flower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ginger_Plant_vs.jpg/120px-Ginger_Plant_vs.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ginger_Plant_vs.jpg/180px-Ginger_Plant_vs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Ginger_Plant_vs.jpg/240px-Ginger_Plant_vs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="770" data-file-height="511" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ginger plant with flower</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opening_ginger_flower.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ginger flower about to bloom"><img alt="Ginger flower about to bloom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Opening_ginger_flower.jpg/80px-Opening_ginger_flower.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Opening_ginger_flower.jpg/120px-Opening_ginger_flower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Opening_ginger_flower.jpg/160px-Opening_ginger_flower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3632" data-file-height="5456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ginger flower about to bloom</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginger_flower_stamen.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ginger flower stamen"><img alt="Ginger flower stamen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ginger_flower_stamen.jpg/120px-Ginger_flower_stamen.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ginger_flower_stamen.jpg/180px-Ginger_flower_stamen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Ginger_flower_stamen.jpg/240px-Ginger_flower_stamen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5456" data-file-height="3632" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ginger flower stamen</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginger_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ginger crop, Myanmar"><img alt="Ginger crop, Myanmar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ginger_crop.jpg/90px-Ginger_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ginger_crop.jpg/135px-Ginger_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Ginger_crop.jpg/180px-Ginger_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ginger crop, Myanmar</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ginger_on_Dark_Board.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chopped ginger"><img alt="Chopped ginger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ginger_on_Dark_Board.jpg/120px-Ginger_on_Dark_Board.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ginger_on_Dark_Board.jpg/180px-Ginger_on_Dark_Board.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Ginger_on_Dark_Board.jpg/240px-Ginger_on_Dark_Board.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Chopped ginger</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gari_ginger.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gari, a type of pickled ginger"><img alt="Gari, a type of pickled ginger" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gari_ginger.jpg/120px-Gari_ginger.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gari_ginger.jpg/180px-Gari_ginger.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Gari_ginger.jpg/240px-Gari_ginger.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1799" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)"><i>Gari</i></a>, a type of pickled ginger</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:German_Ginger_wine_with_stem_ginger_decoration_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="German ginger-flavored wine (grape-based) with stem ginger decoration"><img alt="German ginger-flavored wine (grape-based) with stem ginger decoration" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/German_Ginger_wine_with_stem_ginger_decoration_4.jpg/61px-German_Ginger_wine_with_stem_ginger_decoration_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="61" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/German_Ginger_wine_with_stem_ginger_decoration_4.jpg/91px-German_Ginger_wine_with_stem_ginger_decoration_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/German_Ginger_wine_with_stem_ginger_decoration_4.jpg/122px-German_Ginger_wine_with_stem_ginger_decoration_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="503" data-file-height="987" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">German ginger-flavored wine (grape-based) with stem ginger decoration</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Domesticated_plants_and_animals_of_Austronesia" title="Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia">Domesticated plants and animals of Austronesia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GRIN-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GRIN_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription 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class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3167%2Ffcl.2015.710109">10.3167/fcl.2015.710109</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0920-1297">0920-1297</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Focaal&rft.atitle=Ginger+is+a+gamble&rft.volume=2015&rft.issue=71&rft.pages=100-113&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3167%2Ffcl.2015.710109&rft.issn=0920-1297&rft.aulast=M%C3%BCnster&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3167%252Ffcl.2015.710109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_32-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadan2016" class="citation cs2">Madan MS (2016), "Production, Marketing, and Economics of Ginger", <i>Ginger</i>, CRC Press, pp. 444–477, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1201%2F9781420023367-16">10.1201/9781420023367-16</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4200-2336-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4200-2336-7"><bdi>978-1-4200-2336-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Production%2C+Marketing%2C+and+Economics+of+Ginger&rft.btitle=Ginger&rft.pages=444-477&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1201%2F9781420023367-16&rft.isbn=978-1-4200-2336-7&rft.aulast=Madan&rft.aufirst=M.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGinger" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span 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class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/ginger" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/ginger">ginger</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zingiber_officinale" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zingiber officinale">Zingiber officinale</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Zingiber officinale">Zingiber officinale</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041114064602/http://sun.ars-grin.gov:8080/npgspub/xsql/duke/plantdisp.xsql?taxon=1078"><i>Zingiber officinale</i> List of Chemicals (Dr. Duke's)</a> (archived 14 November 2004)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ginger_Plant" title="Template:Ginger Plant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ginger_Plant" title="Template talk:Ginger Plant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ginger_Plant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ginger Plant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ginger_(Zingiber_officinale)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ginger</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" class="mw-redirect" title="Zingiber officinale">Zingiber officinale</a></i>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alimentary <br />Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Common (var. Roscoe)</li> <li>Shōga (生姜) (var. rubens)</li> <li><i>White Ginger</i> (var. amarum)</li> <li>Assam (var. assam)</li> <li>China (var. china)</li> <li>Rio de Janeiro (var. Rio)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Medicinal <br />Varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kampo" title="Kampo">Kampo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Shokyo</i></li> <li><i>Kankyo</i></li> <li><i>Ogawa Umare</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jamu" title="Jamu">Jamu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Red Ginger (var. rubra)</li> <li>Malaysian ginger</li> <li>Temulawak</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Ayurveda</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Mahaoushadha</i> (designation)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ginger_in_Ayurveda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ginger in Ayurveda (page does not exist)">Ginger in Ayurveda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_medicine" title="Traditional Chinese medicine">TCM</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bu_Zhong_Yi_Qi_Wan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bu Zhong Yi Qi Wan">Bu Zhong Yi Qi Wan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiao_Yao_Wan" title="Xiao Yao Wan">Xiao Yao Wan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Thai aromatherapy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_cassumunar" title="Zingiber cassumunar">Plai (Z. cassumunar)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Burmese traditional medicine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_barbatum" title="Zingiber barbatum">meik-thalin (Z. barbatum)</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Foods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gingerbread" title="Gingerbread">Gingerbread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pork_shogayaki" title="Pork shogayaki">Pork shogayaki</a></li> <li>Ginger salad (<i>gyin-thot</i>)</li> <li>ginger garlic paste</li> <li>Pickled Ginger <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beni_sh%C5%8Dga" title="Beni shōga">Beni shōga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)">Gari (ginger)</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Shoga no sato zuke</i> (ginger candy)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_nut" class="mw-redirect" title="Ginger nut">Ginger nut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parkin_(cake)" title="Parkin (cake)">Parkin (cake)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculaas" title="Speculaas">Speculaas</a></li> <li><i>Canh khoai mỡ</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beverages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_beer" title="Ginger beer">Ginger beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_ale" title="Ginger ale">Ginger ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Ginger tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domaine_de_Canton_(liqueur)" title="Domaine de Canton (liqueur)">Domaine de Canton (liqueur)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_wine" title="Ginger wine">Ginger wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedang_Jahe" class="mw-redirect" title="Wedang Jahe">Wedang Jahe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masala_chai" title="Masala chai">Masala chai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Bioactive constituents<br />Health</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Medicinal_use_and_research">Health effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromatherapy" title="Aromatherapy">Aromatherapy</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In Fresh ginger</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paradol" title="Paradol">Paradols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol">Gingerols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingibain" title="Zingibain">Zingibain</a> (enzyme)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoresin" title="Oleoresin">Oleoresins</a> and derivatives: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gingerdiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gingerdiol (page does not exist)">Gingerdiols</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acetoxy_gingerdiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acetoxy gingerdiol (page does not exist)">Acetoxy gingerdiols</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diacetoxy_gingerdiol&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diacetoxy gingerdiol (page does not exist)">Diacetoxy gingerdiols</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Processed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Azashogaol</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol">Shogaols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingerone" title="Zingerone">Zingerone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Consumed parts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhizome" title="Rhizome">Rhizome</a> (root)</li> <li>Ginger leaf (canh khoai mỡ)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dehydration" title="Dehydration">Dehydration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grating" title="Grating">Grating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steeping" title="Steeping">Steeping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling" title="Boiling">Boiling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unrelated species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wild_ginger" title="Wild ginger">wild ginger</a> (toxic)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related species</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Myoga" title="Myoga">myoga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">galangal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_cassumunar" title="Zingiber cassumunar">Plai (Z. cassumunar)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_zerumbet" title="Zingiber zerumbet">zerumbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_barbatum" title="Zingiber barbatum">meik-thalin (Z. barbatum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_ginger" class="mw-redirect" title="Shell ginger">Shell ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zingiber_spectabile" title="Zingiber spectabile">Malaysian ginger (Z. spectabile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zanthorrhiza" title="Curcuma zanthorrhiza">Temulawak (C. zanthorriza)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.htbg.com/search.php?family=Zingiberaceae">others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikibooks page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/CCookbook:Ginger" class="extiw" title="b:CCookbook:Ginger">Ginger on WikiBooks</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_file_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="File"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Symbol_file_class.svg/16px-Symbol_file_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Symbol_file_class.svg/23px-Symbol_file_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9c/Symbol_file_class.svg/31px-Symbol_file_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ginger" class="extiw" title="commons:Ginger">Ginger images at Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Ginger" title="Category:Ginger">Category:Ginger</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Drink" title="Portal:Drink">Drink Portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Project page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/16px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/23px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/72/Symbol_project_class.svg/31px-Symbol_project_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spices" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Spices">Spices Task Force</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culinary_herbs_and_spices" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Template talk:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culinary herbs and spices"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culinary_herbs_and_spices" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culinary herbs and spices</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">Herbs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_archangelica" title="Angelica archangelica">Angelica</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">Basil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ocimum_tenuiflorum" title="Ocimum tenuiflorum">Holy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_basil" title="Thai basil">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_basil" title="Lemon basil">Lemon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_leaf" title="Bay leaf">Bay leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_tamala" title="Cinnamomum tamala">Indian bay leaf (<i>tejpat</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boldo" title="Boldo">Boldo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borage" title="Borage">Borage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chervil" title="Chervil">Chervil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chives" title="Chives">Chives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allium_tuberosum" title="Allium tuberosum">garlic / Chinese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cicely" title="Cicely">Cicely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander leaf / Cilantro</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porophyllum_ruderale" title="Porophyllum ruderale">Bolivian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persicaria_odorata" title="Persicaria odorata">Vietnamese (<i>rau răm</i>)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eryngium_foetidum" title="Eryngium foetidum">Culantro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_cress" title="Garden cress">Cress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_tree" title="Curry tree">Curry leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysphania_ambrosioides" title="Dysphania ambrosioides">Epazote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_auritum" title="Piper auritum">Hoja santa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houttuynia_cordata" title="Houttuynia cordata"><i>Houttuynia cordata</i> (<i>giấp cá</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyssopus_officinalis" title="Hyssopus officinalis">Hyssop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jimbu" title="Jimbu">Jimbu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsholtzia_ciliata" title="Elsholtzia ciliata">Kinh gioi (Vietnamese balm)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Kkaennip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavandula_angustifolia" title="Lavandula angustifolia">Lavender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cymbopogon" title="Cymbopogon">Lemon grass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backhousia_citriodora" title="Backhousia citriodora">Lemon myrtle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloysia_citrodora" title="Aloysia citrodora">Lemon verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limnophila_aromatica" title="Limnophila aromatica"><i>Limnophila aromatica</i> (rice-paddy herb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lovage" title="Lovage">Lovage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjoram" title="Marjoram">Marjoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">Mint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mugwort" title="Mugwort">Mugwort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cryptotaenia_japonica" title="Cryptotaenia japonica">Mitsuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsley" title="Parsley">Parsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla" title="Perilla">Perilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Rue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satureja" title="Satureja">Savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Sanshō leaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorrel" title="Sorrel">Sorrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarragon" title="Tarragon">Tarragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galium_odoratum" title="Galium odoratum">Woodruff</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">Spices</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_laver" title="Green laver">Aonori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ajwain" title="Ajwain">Ajwain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alligator_pepper" title="Alligator pepper">Alligator pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">Allspice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amchoor" title="Amchoor">Amchoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">star</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asafoetida" title="Asafoetida">Asafoetida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">Peppercorn (black/green/white)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_terebinthifolia" title="Schinus terebinthifolia">Brazilian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">Camphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_cardamom" title="Black cardamom">black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_cassia" title="Cinnamomum cassia">Cassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery_powder" title="Celery powder">Celery powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">Celery seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buchanania_cochinchinensis" title="Buchanania cochinchinensis">Charoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chenpi" title="Chenpi">Chenpi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">Chili</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_powder" title="Chili powder">Chili powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayenne_pepper" title="Cayenne pepper">Cayenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalape%C3%B1o" title="Jalapeño">Jalapeño</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico_chile" title="New Mexico chile">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabasco_pepper" title="Tabasco pepper">Tabasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Capsicum_cultivars" title="List of Capsicum cultivars">Cultivars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">Cinnamon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">Clove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coriander" title="Coriander">Coriander seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_cubeba" title="Piper cubeba">Cubeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">Cumin</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella sativa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bunium_persicum" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunium persicum">Bunium persicum</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_frutescens" title="Perilla frutescens">Deulkkae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dill" title="Dill">Dill / Dill seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fennel" title="Fennel">Fennel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trigonella_caerulea" title="Trigonella caerulea">blue</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boesenbergia_rotunda" title="Boesenbergia rotunda">Fingerroot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galangal" title="Galangal">Galangal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_galanga" title="Alpinia galanga">greater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpinia_officinarum" title="Alpinia officinarum">lesser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">Garlic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaempferia_galanga" title="Kaempferia galanga">Aromatic ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heracleum_persicum" title="Heracleum persicum">Golpar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">Grains of paradise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grains_of_Selim" title="Grains of Selim">Grains of Selim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanthoxylum_piperitum" title="Zanthoxylum piperitum">Japanese pricklyash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juniper_berry" title="Juniper berry">Juniper berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garcinia_indica" title="Garcinia indica">Kokum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aframomum_corrorima" title="Aframomum corrorima">Korarima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dried_lime" title="Dried lime">Dried lime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litsea_cubeba" title="Litsea cubeba">Litsea cubeba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">Long pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_amada" title="Curcuma amada">Mango-ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mastic_(plant_resin)" title="Mastic (plant resin)">Mastic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahleb" title="Mahleb">Mahleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">Mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rhamphospermum_nigrum" title="Rhamphospermum nigrum">black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brassica_juncea" title="Brassica juncea">brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_mustard" title="White mustard">white</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigella_sativa" title="Nigella sativa">Nigella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ricinodendron" title="Ricinodendron">Njangsa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutmeg" title="Nutmeg">Nutmeg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_powder" title="Onion powder">Onion powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinus_molle" title="Schinus molle">Peruvian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomegranate" title="Pomegranate">Pomegranate seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poppy_seed" title="Poppy seed">Poppy seed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammogeton_involucratus" title="Psammogeton involucratus">Radhuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosa_%C3%97_damascena" title="Rosa × damascena">Rose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saffron" title="Saffron">Saffron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smilax_ornata" title="Smilax ornata">Sarsaparilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sassafras" title="Sassafras">Sassafras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame" title="Sesame">Sesame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiso" title="Shiso">Shiso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper (<i>huājiāo</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumac" title="Sumac">Sumac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarind" title="Tamarind">Tamarind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_lanceolata" title="Tasmannia lanceolata">Tasmanian pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipteryx_odorata" title="Dipteryx odorata">Tonka bean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzazi" title="Uzazi">Uzazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">Vanilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piper_borbonense" title="Piper borbonense">Voatsiperifery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu" title="Yuzu">Yuzu zest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcuma_zedoaria" title="Curcuma zedoaria">Zedoary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberis_vulgaris" title="Berberis vulgaris">Zereshk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zest_(ingredient)" title="Zest (ingredient)">Zest</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spice_mix" title="Spice mix">Blends</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Adjika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advieh" title="Advieh">Advieh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baharat" title="Baharat">Baharat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beau_Monde_seasoning" title="Beau Monde seasoning">Beau monde seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berbere" title="Berbere">Berbere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bouquet_garni" title="Bouquet garni">Bouquet garni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buknu" title="Buknu">Buknu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaat_masala" title="Chaat masala">Chaat masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tempering_(spices)" title="Tempering (spices)">Chaunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamon_sugar" title="Cinnamon sugar">Cinnamon sugar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_boil" title="Crab boil">Crab boil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_powder" title="Curry powder">Curry powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doubanjiang" title="Doubanjiang">Doubanjiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douchi" title="Douchi">Douchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fines_herbes" title="Fines herbes">Fines herbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five-spice_powder" title="Five-spice powder">Five-spice powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garam_masala" title="Garam masala">Garam masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_powder" title="Garlic powder">Garlic powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_salt" title="Garlic salt">Garlic salt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harissa" title="Harissa">Harissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaij" title="Hawaij">Hawaij</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbes_de_Provence" title="Herbes de Provence">Herbes de Provence</a></li> <li><span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BAng_l%C3%ACu" title="Húng lìu">Húng lìu</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idli_podi" title="Idli podi">Idli podi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_seasoning" title="Italian seasoning">Italian seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerk_(cooking)" title="Jerk (cooking)">Jamaican jerk spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmeli_suneli" title="Khmeli suneli">Khmeli suneli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_pepper" title="Lemon pepper">Lemon pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitmita" title="Mitmita">Mitmita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_spice" title="Mixed spice">Mixed spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montreal_steak_seasoning" title="Montreal steak seasoning">Montreal steak seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulling_spices" title="Mulling spices">Mulling spices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Bay_Seasoning" title="Old Bay Seasoning">Old Bay Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panch_phoron" title="Panch phoron">Panch phoron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persillade" title="Persillade">Persillade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powder-douce" title="Powder-douce">Powder-douce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_pie_spice" title="Pumpkin pie spice">Pumpkin pie spice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Q%C3%A2lat_daqqa" title="Qâlat daqqa">Qâlat daqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quatre_%C3%A9pices" title="Quatre épices">Quatre épices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_el_hanout" title="Ras el hanout">Ras el hanout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recado_rojo" title="Recado rojo">Recado rojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sharena_sol" title="Sharena sol">Sharena sol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shichimi" title="Shichimi">Shichimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabil" title="Tabil">Tabil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taj%C3%ADn_seasoning" title="Tajín seasoning">Tajin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tandoori_masala" title="Tandoori masala">Tandoori masala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thuna_paha" title="Thuna paha">Thuna paha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vadouvan" title="Vadouvan">Vadouvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuzu_kosh%C5%8D" title="Yuzu koshō">Yuzu koshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_culinary_herbs_and_spices" title="List of culinary herbs and spices">Culinary</a></li> <li>By region <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Australian_herbs_and_spices" title="List of Australian herbs and spices">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Bangladeshi_spices" title="List of Bangladeshi spices">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_spices" title="List of Indian spices">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_spices" title="List of Pakistani spices">Pakistani</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marination" title="Marination">Marination</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">Seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spice_rub" title="Spice rub">Spice rub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" title="Template:Medicinal herbs and fungi"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" title="Template talk:Medicinal herbs and fungi"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medicinal herbs and fungi"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medicinal_herbs_and_fungi" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Medicinal herbs and fungi</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Herbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alfalfa" title="Alfalfa">Alfalfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloe_vera" title="Aloe vera">Aloe vera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anise" title="Anise">Anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borututu" title="Borututu">Borututu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_hirta" title="Euphorbia hirta">Asthma-plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astragalus_propinquus" class="mw-redirect" title="Astragalus propinquus">Astragalus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">medical use</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caraway" title="Caraway">Caraway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardamom" title="Cardamom">Cardamom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chamomile" title="Chamomile">Chamomile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larrea_tridentata" title="Larrea tridentata">Chaparral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenugreek" title="Fenugreek">Fenugreek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanacetum_parthenium" title="Tanacetum parthenium">Feverfew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flax" title="Flax">Flaxseed</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ginger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgo_biloba" title="Ginkgo biloba">Ginkgo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginseng" title="Ginseng">Ginseng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldenseal" title="Goldenseal">Goldenseal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemon_balm" title="Lemon balm">Lemon balm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquorice" title="Liquorice">Liquorice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calendula_officinalis" title="Calendula officinalis">Marigold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Althaea_officinalis" title="Althaea officinalis">Marsh-mallow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azadirachta_indica" title="Azadirachta indica">Neem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papaver_somniferum" title="Papaver somniferum">Opium poppy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">Oregano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peppermint" title="Peppermint">Peppermint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinacea_purpurea" title="Echinacea purpurea">Purple coneflower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">Rosemary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvia_officinalis" title="Salvia officinalis">Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illicium_verum" title="Illicium verum">Star anise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_savory" title="Summer savory">Summer savory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_tree_oil" title="Tea tree oil">Tea tree oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">Thyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">Turmeric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelargonium_sidoides" title="Pelargonium sidoides">Umckaloabo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(herb)" title="Valerian (herb)">Valerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verbena" title="Verbena">Verbena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salix_alba" title="Salix alba">White willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achillea_millefolium" title="Achillea millefolium">Yarrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fungi</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agaricus_subrufescens" title="Agaricus subrufescens">Almond mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inonotus_obliquus" title="Inonotus obliquus">Chaga mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echigoshirayukidake_(Basidiomycetes-X)" title="Echigoshirayukidake (Basidiomycetes-X)">Echigoshirayukidake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lingzhi_mushroom" class="mw-redirect" title="Lingzhi mushroom">Lingzhi mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grifola_frondosa" title="Grifola frondosa">Maitake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meshimakobu" title="Meshimakobu">Meshima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morchella_esculenta" title="Morchella esculenta">Morel mushroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiitake" title="Shiitake">Shiitake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional practices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_herbology" title="Chinese herbology">Chinese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayurveda" title="Ayurveda">Indian herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicine_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" title="Medicine in the medieval Islamic world">Islamic herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_kampo_herbs" title="List of kampo herbs">Japanese herbology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_Korean_medicine#Herbal_medicine" title="Traditional Korean medicine">Korean herbology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related subjects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_medicine" title="Alternative medicine">Alternative medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctrine_of_signatures" title="Doctrine of signatures">Doctrine of signatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physic_garden" title="Physic garden">Herb garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal" title="Herbal">Herbal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbal_tea" title="Herbal tea">Herbal tea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbalism">Herbalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeopathy" title="Homeopathy">Homeopathy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_plants" title="Medicinal plants">Medicinal plants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_plants_used_in_herbalism" title="List of plants used in herbalism">List of plants used in herbalism</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="TRP_channel_modulators" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Template talk:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transient_receptor_potential_channel_modulators" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transient receptor potential channel modulators"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="TRP_channel_modulators" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Transient_receptor_potential_channel" title="Transient receptor potential channel"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential">TRP</abbr> channel</a> <a href="/wiki/Channel_modulator" title="Channel modulator">modulators</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential ankyrin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPA_(ion_channel)" title="TRPA (ion channel)">TRPA</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4-Hydroxynonenal" title="4-Hydroxynonenal">4-Hydroxynonenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4-Oxo-2-nonenal" title="4-Oxo-2-nonenal">4-Oxo-2-nonenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">4,5-EET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">12S-HpETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclopentenone_prostaglandins" title="Cyclopentenone prostaglandins">15-Deoxy-Δ<sup>12,14</sup>-prostaglandin J2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxy_alpha_sanshool" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxy alpha sanshool">α-Sanshool</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acrolein" title="Acrolein">Acrolein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allicin" title="Allicin">Allicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allyl_isothiocyanate" title="Allyl isothiocyanate">Allyl isothiocyanate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mustard_plant" title="Mustard plant">mustard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radish" title="Radish">radish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">horseradish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wasabi" title="Wasabi">wasabi</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASP-7663" title="ASP-7663">ASP-7663</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradykinin" title="Bradykinin">Bradykinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabichromene" title="Cannabichromene">Cannabichromene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">Cannabigerol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinnamaldehyde" title="Cinnamaldehyde">Cinnamaldehyde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CR_gas" title="CR gas">CR gas (dibenzoxazepine; DBO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CS_gas" title="CS gas">CS gas (2-chlorobenzal malononitrile)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuminaldehyde" title="Cuminaldehyde">Cuminaldehyde</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curcumin" title="Curcumin">Curcumin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Turmeric" title="Turmeric">turmeric</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehydroligustilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehydroligustilide (page does not exist)">Dehydroligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diallyl_disulfide" title="Diallyl disulfide">Diallyl disulfide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicentrine" title="Dicentrine">Dicentrine</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Lindera" title="Lindera">Lindera</a></i> spp.)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Farnesyl_thiosalicylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid (page does not exist)">Farnesyl thiosalicylic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Formalin">Formalin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol">Gingerols</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ginger</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin A3">Hepoxilin A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin B3">Hepoxilin B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide" title="Hydrogen peroxide">Hydrogen peroxide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icilin" title="Icilin">Icilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isothiocyanate" title="Isothiocyanate">Isothiocyanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JT-010" title="JT-010">JT-010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligustilide" title="Ligustilide">Ligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Angelica_acutiloba" title="Angelica acutiloba">Angelica acutiloba</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linalool" title="Linalool">Linalool</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methylglyoxal" title="Methylglyoxal">Methylglyoxal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methyl_salicylate" title="Methyl salicylate">Methyl salicylate</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wintergreen" title="Wintergreen">wintergreen</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Methylmaleimide" title="N-Methylmaleimide">N-Methylmaleimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleocanthal" title="Oleocanthal">Oleocanthal</a> (<a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">olive oil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taxus_brevifolia" title="Taxus brevifolia">Pacific yew</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-4840154" title="PF-4840154">PF-4840154</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenacyl_chloride" title="Phenacyl chloride">Phenacyl chloride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygodial" title="Polygodial">Polygodial</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_stipitata" title="Tasmannia stipitata">Dorrigo pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol">Shogaols</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">Tear gases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">Tetrahydrocannabinol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiorcol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiorcol">Tetrahydrocannabiorcol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide" title="Syn-Propanethial-S-oxide">Thiopropanal S-oxide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onion</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbellulone" title="Umbellulone">Umbellulone</a> (<i>Umbellularia californica</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/WIN_55,212-2" title="WIN 55,212-2">WIN 55,212-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-967079" title="A-967079">A-967079</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM-0902" title="AM-0902">AM-0902</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dehydroligustilide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dehydroligustilide (page does not exist)">Dehydroligustilide</a> (<a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HC-030031" title="HC-030031">HC-030031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-04745637" title="PF-04745637">PF-04745637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential canonical channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPC" title="TRPC">TRPC</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adhyperforin" title="Adhyperforin">Adhyperforin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">St John's wort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacyl glycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK1702934A" title="GSK1702934A">GSK1702934A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperforin" title="Hyperforin">Hyperforin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Hypericum_perforatum" title="Hypericum perforatum">St John's wort</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Substance_P" title="Substance P">Substance P</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK417651A" title="GSK417651A">GSK417651A</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=GSK2293017A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GSK2293017A (page does not exist)">GSK2293017A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progesterone" title="Progesterone">Progesterone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyr3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyr3 (page does not exist)">Pyr3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential melastatin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPM" title="TRPM">TRPM</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_ribose" title="Adenosine diphosphate ribose">ADP-ribose</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BCTC_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BCTC (drug) (page does not exist)">BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">Calcium</a> (intracellular)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CIM-0216" title="CIM-0216">CIM-0216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold" title="Cold">Cold</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coolact_P&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coolact P (page does not exist)">Coolact P</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooling_Agent_10" class="mw-redirect" title="Cooling Agent 10">Cooling Agent 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eucalyptol" title="Eucalyptol">Eucalyptol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eucalyptus" title="Eucalyptus">eucalyptus</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frescolat_MGA&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frescolat MGA (page does not exist)">Frescolat MGA</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frescolat_ML&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frescolat ML (page does not exist)">Frescolat ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraniol" title="Geraniol">Geraniol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxycitronellal" title="Hydroxycitronellal">Hydroxycitronellal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icilin" title="Icilin">Icilin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linalool" title="Linalool">Linalool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=PMD_38&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PMD 38 (page does not exist)">PMD 38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steviol_glycoside" title="Steviol glycoside">Steviol glycosides</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Stevioside" title="Stevioside">stevioside</a>) (<i><a href="/wiki/Stevia_rebaudiana" title="Stevia rebaudiana">Stevia rebaudiana</a></i>)</li> <li>Sweet <a href="/wiki/Taste" title="Taste">tastants</a> (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Glucose" title="Glucose">glucose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sucrose" title="Sucrose">sucrose</a>; indirectly)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thio-BCTC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thio-BCTC (page does not exist)">Thio-BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WS-12" class="mw-redirect" title="WS-12">WS-12</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AMG-333" title="AMG-333">AMG-333</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsazepine" title="Capsazepine">Capsazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clotrimazole" title="Clotrimazole">Clotrimazole</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Elismetrep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elismetrep (page does not exist)">Elismetrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mefenamic_acid" title="Mefenamic acid">Mefenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotine" title="Nicotine">Nicotine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">tobacco</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ononetin" title="Ononetin">Ononetin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PF-05105679" title="PF-05105679">PF-05105679</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RQ-00203078" title="RQ-00203078">RQ-00203078</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triphenylphosphine_oxide" title="Triphenylphosphine oxide">TPPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPM4-IN-5" title="TRPM4-IN-5">TRPM4-IN-5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential mucolipin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPML" title="TRPML">TRPML</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=EVP21&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EVP21 (page does not exist)">EVP21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MK6-83" title="MK6-83">MK6-83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML-SA1" title="ML-SA1">ML-SA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML2-SA1" title="ML2-SA1">ML2-SA1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_3,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate">PI(3,5)P<sub>2</sub></a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=SF-22&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="SF-22 (page does not exist)">SF-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SN-2" title="SN-2">SN-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ML-SI3" title="ML-SI3">ML-SI3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol_4,5-bisphosphate" title="Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate">PI(4,5)P<sub>2</sub></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential polycystin channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPP" title="TRPP">TRPP</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Triptolide" title="Triptolide">Triptolide</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tripterygium_wilfordii" title="Tripterygium wilfordii">Tripterygium wilfordii</a></i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;"><abbr title="Transient receptor potential vanilloid channel"><a href="/wiki/TRPV" title="TRPV">TRPV</a></abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Activators</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl_borate" title="2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate">2-APB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">5',6'-EET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">9-HODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="9-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">9-oxoODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">12S-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epoxyeicosatrienoic_acid" title="Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid">12S-HpETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">13-HODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic_acid" title="13-Hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid">13-oxoODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid" title="20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid">20-HETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydroxy_alpha_sanshool" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydroxy alpha sanshool">α-Sanshool</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allicin" title="Allicin">Allicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AM404" title="AM404">AM404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anandamide" title="Anandamide">Anandamide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bisandrographolide&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bisandrographolide (page does not exist)">Bisandrographolide</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Andrographis_paniculata" title="Andrographis paniculata">Andrographis paniculata</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphor" title="Camphor">Camphor</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cinnamomum_camphora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinnamomum camphora">camphor laurel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rosemary" title="Rosemary">rosemary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Camphorweed" title="Camphorweed">camphorweed</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_blue_basil" title="African blue basil">African blue basil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ocimum_kilimandscharicum" title="Ocimum kilimandscharicum">camphor basil</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">Cannabidiol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidivarin" title="Cannabidivarin">Cannabidivarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">Capsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carvacrol" title="Carvacrol">Carvacrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lepidium" title="Lepidium">pepperwort</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monarda_fistulosa" title="Monarda fistulosa">wild bergamot</a>, others)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diglyceride" title="Diglyceride">Diacyl glycerol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dihydrocapsaicin" title="Dihydrocapsaicin">Dihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estradiol" title="Estradiol">Estradiol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugenol" title="Eugenol">Eugenol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Basil" title="Basil">basil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Clove" title="Clove">clove</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evodiamine" title="Evodiamine">Evodiamine</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Tetradium_ruticarpum" title="Tetradium ruticarpum">Euodia ruticarpa</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gingerol" title="Gingerol">Gingerols</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ginger</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSK1016790A" title="GSK1016790A">GSK1016790A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heat" title="Heat">Heat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_A3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin A3">Hepoxilin A3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hepoxilin_B3" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepoxilin B3">Hepoxilin B3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homocapsaicin" title="Homocapsaicin">Homocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homodihydrocapsaicin" title="Homodihydrocapsaicin">Homodihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incensole" title="Incensole">Incensole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Incense" title="Incense">incense</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysophosphatidic_acid" title="Lysophosphatidic acid">Lysophosphatidic acid</a></li> <li>Low <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> (acidic conditions)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menthol" title="Menthol">Menthol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mentha" title="Mentha">mint</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine" title="N-Arachidonoyl dopamine">N-Arachidonoyl dopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N-Oleoyldopamine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="N-Oleoyldopamine (page does not exist)">N-Oleoyldopamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleoylethanolamide" title="Oleoylethanolamide">N-Oleoylethanolamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nonivamide" title="Nonivamide">Nonivamide (PAVA)</a> (<a href="/wiki/PAVA_spray" title="PAVA spray">PAVA spray</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordihydrocapsaicin" title="Nordihydrocapsaicin">Nordihydrocapsaicin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paclitaxel" title="Paclitaxel">Paclitaxel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Taxus_brevifolia" title="Taxus brevifolia">Pacific yew</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracetamol" title="Paracetamol">Paracetamol (acetaminophen)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenylacetylrinvanil" title="Phenylacetylrinvanil">Phenylacetylrinvanil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phorbol_esters" title="Phorbol esters">Phorbol esters</a> (e.g., <a href="/w/index.php?title=4%CE%B1-phorbol_12,13-didecanoate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (page does not exist)">4α-PDD</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piperine" title="Piperine">Piperine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Black_pepper" title="Black pepper">black pepper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_pepper" title="Long pepper">long pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygodial" title="Polygodial">Polygodial</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tasmannia_stipitata" title="Tasmannia stipitata">Dorrigo pepper</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probenecid" title="Probenecid">Probenecid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton" title="Proton">Protons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RhTx" title="RhTx">RhTx</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rutamarin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rutamarin (page does not exist)">Rutamarin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Ruta_graveolens" title="Ruta graveolens">Ruta graveolens</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resiniferatoxin" title="Resiniferatoxin">Resiniferatoxin</a> (RTX) (<i><a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_resinifera" title="Euphorbia resinifera">Euphorbia resinifera</a>/<a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_poissonii" title="Euphorbia poissonii">pooissonii</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogaol" title="Shogaol">Shogaols</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">ginger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sichuan_pepper" title="Sichuan pepper">Sichuan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grains_of_paradise" title="Grains of paradise">melegueta peppers</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabivarin" title="Tetrahydrocannabivarin">Tetrahydrocannabivarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thymol" title="Thymol">Thymol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thyme" title="Thyme">thyme</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregano" title="Oregano">oregano</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinyatoxin" title="Tinyatoxin">Tinyatoxin</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_resinifera" title="Euphorbia resinifera">Euphorbia resinifera</a>/<a href="/wiki/Euphorbia_poissonii" title="Euphorbia poissonii">pooissonii</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tramadol" title="Tramadol">Tramadol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanillin" title="Vanillin">Vanillin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Vanilla" title="Vanilla">vanilla</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zucapsaicin" title="Zucapsaicin">Zucapsaicin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Blockers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spinasterol" title="Spinasterol">α-Spinasterol</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Vernonia" title="Vernonia">Vernonia tweediana</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-517" title="AMG-517">AMG-517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMG-9810" title="AMG-9810">AMG-9810</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Asivatrep&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Asivatrep (page does not exist)">Asivatrep</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=BCTC_(drug)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BCTC (drug) (page does not exist)">BCTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerol" title="Cannabigerol">Cannabigerol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerolic_acid" title="Cannabigerolic acid">Cannabigerolic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabigerovarin" title="Cannabigerovarin">Cannabigerovarin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinol" title="Cannabinol">Cannabinol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">cannabis</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capsazepine" title="Capsazepine">Capsazepine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=3%E2%80%B2-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic_acid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="3′-5-Dichlorodiphenylamine-2-carboxylic acid (page does not exist)">DCDPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone">DHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehydroepiandrosterone_sulfate" title="Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate">DHEA-S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flufenamic_acid" title="Flufenamic acid">Flufenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRC-6211" title="GRC-6211">GRC-6211</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HC-067047" title="HC-067047">HC-067047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mavatrep" title="Mavatrep">Mavatrep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meclofenamic_acid" title="Meclofenamic acid">Meclofenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic_acid" title="N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid">N-(p-Amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=NGD-8243&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NGD-8243 (page does not exist)">NGD-8243</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niflumic_acid" title="Niflumic acid">Niflumic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregnenolone_sulfate" title="Pregnenolone sulfate">Pregnenolone sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RN-1734&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RN-1734 (page does not exist)">RN-1734</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RN-9893" title="RN-9893">RN-9893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthenium_red" title="Ruthenium red">Ruthenium red</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-366791" title="SB-366791">SB-366791</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SB-705498" title="SB-705498">SB-705498</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tivanisiran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tivanisiran (page does not exist)">Tivanisiran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolfenamic_acid" title="Tolfenamic acid">Tolfenamic acid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TRPV3-74a" title="TRPV3-74a">TRPV3-74a</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><b>See also:</b> <a href="/wiki/Template:Receptor_modulators" title="Template:Receptor modulators">Receptor/signaling modulators</a> • <a href="/wiki/Template:Ion_channel_modulators" title="Template:Ion channel modulators">Ion channel modulators</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Zingiber officinale</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35625" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q35625">Q35625</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Zingiber_officinale" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Zingiber officinale">Zingiber officinale</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">APDB: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://africanplantdatabase.ch/en/nomen/20242">20242</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/55812">55812</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=439845">439845</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5D5GX">5D5GX</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Ecocrop" title="Ecocrop">Ecocrop</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ecocrop.review.fao.org/ecocrop/srv/en/cropView?id=2177">2177</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/987032">987032</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ZINOF">ZINOF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_North_America" title="Flora of North America">FNA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=200028468">200028468</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_Australia" title="Flora of Australia">FoAO2</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Zingiber%20officinale">Zingiber officinale</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">FoC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200028468">200028468</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/2757280">2757280</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Germplasm_Resources_Information_Network" title="Germplasm Resources Information Network">GRIN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=42254">42254</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/122971">122971</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/International_Plant_Names_Index" title="International Plant Names Index">IPNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ipni.org/n/798372-1">798372-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=10208099">10208099</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/57537">57537</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42402">42402</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/IUCN_Red_List" title="IUCN Red List">IUCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apiv3.iucnredlist.org/api/v3/taxonredirect/88308170">88308170</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Missouri_Botanical_Garden" title="Missouri Botanical Garden">MoBotPF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=287577">287577</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=94328">94328</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/65f70ee3-99d1-4e41-92e9-e890bf910b2e">65f70ee3-99d1-4e41-92e9-e890bf910b2e</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Observation.org" title="Observation.org">Observation.org</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://observation.org/species/374840/">374840</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=1063866">1063866</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_for_a_Future" title="Plants for a Future">PfaF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Zingiber+officinale">Zingiber officinale</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/The_Plant_List" title="The Plant List">Plant List</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-273361">kew-273361</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Conservation_Service#Plants" title="Natural Resources Conservation Service">PLANTS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/plant-profile/ZIOF">ZIOF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">POWO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn%3Alsid%3Aipni.org%3Anames%3A798372-1">urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:798372-1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tropicos" title="Tropicos">Tropicos</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/34500018">34500018</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Flora_Online" title="World Flora Online">WFO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://list.worldfloraonline.org/wfo-0000617397">wfo-0000617397</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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