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pronunciation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology_and_pronunciation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-European_contact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_contact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>European contact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_contact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Decolonisation_and_modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decolonisation_and_modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1.1</span> <span>Decolonisation and modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decolonisation_and_modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-US_interventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#US_interventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>US interventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-US_interventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Island_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Island_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Island groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Island_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_groupings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_groupings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Historical groupings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_groupings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Continental_countries_with_Caribbean_coastlines_and_islands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Continental_countries_with_Caribbean_coastlines_and_islands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Continental countries with Caribbean coastlines and islands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Continental_countries_with_Caribbean_coastlines_and_islands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plants_and_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plants_and_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Plants and animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plants_and_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Regionalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regionalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Regionalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regionalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States–European_Union_trade_dispute" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States–European_Union_trade_dispute"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.1</span> <span>United States–European Union trade dispute</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States–European_Union_trade_dispute-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-African_Union_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#African_Union_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.2</span> <span>African Union relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-African_Union_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Caribbean_Financial_Action_Task_Force_and_Association_of_Caribbean_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Caribbean_Financial_Action_Task_Force_and_Association_of_Caribbean_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.3</span> <span>Caribbean Financial Action Task Force and Association of Caribbean States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Caribbean_Financial_Action_Task_Force_and_Association_of_Caribbean_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bolivarian_Alliance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bolivarian_Alliance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1.4</span> <span>Bolivarian Alliance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bolivarian_Alliance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_countries_and_territories" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_countries_and_territories"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>List of countries and territories</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_countries_and_territories-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Life_expectancy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Life_expectancy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Life expectancy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Life_expectancy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indigenous_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indigenous_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Indigenous groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indigenous_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Language" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Language"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Language</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Language-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Favourite_or_national_dishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Favourite_or_national_dishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.1.1</span> <span>Favourite or national dishes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Favourite_or_national_dishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.2</span> <span>Sport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regional_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regional_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9.3</span> <span>Regional institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regional_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Caribbean</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 127 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-127" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">127 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibiese_gebied" title="Karibiese gebied – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karibiese gebied" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibik" title="Karibik – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Karibik" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AA%E1%89%A2%E1%8B%AB%E1%8A%95" title="ካሪቢያን – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካሪቢያን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A" title="الكاريبي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الكاريبي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribe_(rex%C3%B3n)" title="Caribe (rexón) – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Caribe (rexón)" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C3%ADve" title="Karíve – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Karíve" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karib_h%C3%B6vz%C9%99si" title="Karib hövzəsi – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karib hövzəsi" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%BE" title="کارائیپ – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کارائیپ" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%9E%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%B2" title="ক্যারিবীয় অঞ্চল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্যারিবীয় অঞ্চল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribe_T%C4%93-khu" title="Caribe Tē-khu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Caribe Tē-khu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepuloan_Karibia" title="Kepuloan Karibia – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kepuloan Karibia" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Карыбы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Карыбы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibin" title="Karibin – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Karibin" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Карибски регион – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Карибски регион" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A7%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁེ་ར་བི་ཧན། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁེ་ར་བི་ཧན།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibi" title="Karibi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karibi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carib" title="Carib – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Carib" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibik" title="Karibik – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karibik" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Caribbean" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y_Carib%C3%AE" title="Y Caribî – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Y Caribî" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Caribbean" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribien" title="Caribien – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Caribien" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibik" title="Karibik – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Karibik" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kariibi_mere_regioon" title="Kariibi mere regioon – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kariibi mere regioon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%B2%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE" title="Καραϊβική – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καραϊβική" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribe_(regi%C3%B3n)" title="Caribe (región) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Caribe (región)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibio" title="Karibio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karibio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibea_(eskualdea)" title="Karibea (eskualdea) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karibea (eskualdea)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%A8" title="کارائیب – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارائیب" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara%C3%AFbes" title="Caraïbes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Caraïbes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibysk_Gebiet" title="Karibysk Gebiet – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Karibysk Gebiet" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraibs" title="Caraibs – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Caraibs" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Roinn_Charaibeach" title="An Roinn Charaibeach – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="An Roinn Charaibeach" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribe_(rexi%C3%B3n)" title="Caribe (rexión) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Caribe (rexión)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Caribbean" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribe_Thi-kh%C3%AE" title="Caribe Thi-khî – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Caribe Thi-khî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%A6%AC%EB%B8%8C_%EC%A0%9C%EB%8F%84" title="카리브 제도 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카리브 제도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibiyan" title="Karibiyan – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Karibiyan" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%A2%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Կարիբյան ավազան – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարիբյան ավազան" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="कैरिबियाई क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कैरिबियाई क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibi" title="Karibi – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karibi" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibe" title="Karibe – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Karibe" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C3%ADbahafseyjar" title="Karíbahafseyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Karíbahafseyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraibi" title="Caraibi – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Caraibi" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="הקריביים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקריביים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="კარიბები – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კარიბები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visiwa_vya_Karibi" title="Visiwa vya Karibi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Visiwa vya Karibi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibe" title="Karibe – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Karibe" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kariba_is_Antilla" title="Kariba is Antilla – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kariba is Antilla" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayib" title="Karayib – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Karayib" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayb" title="Karayb – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Karayb" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C3%AEb" title="Karîb – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Karîb" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%C4%ABbu_re%C4%A3ions" title="Karību reģions – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karību reģions" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibik" title="Karibik – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Karibik" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karib%C5%B3_j%C5%ABros_regionas" title="Karibų jūros regionas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karibų jūros regionas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara%C3%AFbische_eileng" title="Caraïbische eileng – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Caraïbische eileng" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/America_caraibica" title="America caraibica – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="America caraibica" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karib-t%C3%A9rs%C3%A9g" title="Karib-térség – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karib-térség" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Кариби – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кариби" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara%C3%AEba" title="Karaîba – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Karaîba" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="കരീബിയൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കരീബിയൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%A8" title="कॅरिबियन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कॅरिबियन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%89" title="كاريبى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كاريبى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribe_d%C3%AA-k%E1%B9%B3%CC%86" title="Caribe dê-kṳ̆ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Caribe dê-kṳ̆" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara%C3%AFben" title="Caraïben – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Caraïben" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibisk_gebeed" title="Karibisk gebeed – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Karibisk gebeed" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80" title="क्यारिबियाली – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="क्यारिबियाली" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%96%E6%B5%B7%E5%9C%B0%E5%9F%9F" title="カリブ海地域 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カリブ海地域" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%98%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Вест-Инди – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Вест-Инди" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kariibik" title="Kariibik – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kariibik" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cariba" title="Cariba – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cariba" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibiyaan" title="Karibiyaan – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Karibiyaan" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86" title="ਕੈਰੀਬੀਆ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੈਰੀਬੀਆ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="کیریبیا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیریبیا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiaribiyan" title="Kiaribiyan – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiaribiyan" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cara%C3%AFbes" title="Caraïbes – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Caraïbes" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_cara%C3%ACbica" title="América caraìbica – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="América caraìbica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaiby" title="Karaiby – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karaiby" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribe" title="Caribe – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Caribe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caraibe" title="Caraibe – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Caraibe" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribica" title="Caribica – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Caribica" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chawpi_Awya_Yalap_Wat%27a_qutu" title="Chawpi Awya Yalap Wat'a qutu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Chawpi Awya Yalap Wat'a qutu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D1%8B" title="Карибы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Карибы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D-%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D" title="वेष्ट्-इण्डीस् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="वेष्ट्-इण्डीस्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%A0ibes" title="Caràibes – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Caràibes" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Caribbean" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibik" title="Karibik – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Karibik" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaibet" title="Karaibet – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karaibet" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Caribbean" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibik" title="Karibik – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karibik" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibi" title="Karibi – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Karibi" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaiby" title="Karaiby – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Karaiby" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaaribiyaan" title="Kaaribiyaan – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kaaribiyaan" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C" title="کاریبی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کاریبی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Кариби – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кариби" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibi" title="Karibi – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Karibi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibia" title="Karibia – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karibia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karibe" title="Karibe – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Karibe" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="கரிபியன் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கரிபியன்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AC%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="కరిబియన్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కరిబియన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99" title="แคริบเบียน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="แคริบเบียน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAmelika_Kalipiane" title="ʻAmelika Kalipiane – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAmelika Kalipiane" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%87%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%80%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D" title="ವೆಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡೀಸ್ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ವೆಸ್ಟ್ ಇಂಡೀಸ್" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayipler" title="Karayipler – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karayipler" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8" title="Кариби – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кариби" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86" title="کیریبین – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیریبین" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Car%C3%A0ibi" title="Caràibi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Caràibi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B9ng_Caribe" title="Vùng Caribe – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vùng Caribe" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karajiebn" title="Karajiebn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Karajiebn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribe" title="Caribe – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Caribe" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="加勒比地区 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="加勒比地区" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%90%D7%99%D7%91%D7%9F" title="קאראאיבן – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאראאיבן" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A0r%C3%ADb%E1%BA%B9%CC%81%C3%A1n%C3%AC" title="Kàríbẹ́ánì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kàríbẹ́ánì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8A%A0%E5%8B%92%E6%AF%94" title="加勒比 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="加勒比" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karayib" title="Karayib – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Karayib" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" 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class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Caribbean&params=14_31_32_N_75_49_06_W_type:waterbody_source:dewiki_scale:15000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°31′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°49′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.52556°N 75.81833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.52556; -75.81833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Islands and coastal region surrounded by the Caribbean Sea</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the group of islands. For the body of water surrounding them, see <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>. For the Indigenous inhabitants of the Caribbean or people of Caribbean descent, see <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_people" title="Caribbean people">Caribbean people</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Caribbean (disambiguation)">Caribbean (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caribbean" title="Special:EditPage/Caribbean">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Caribbean%22">"Caribbean"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Caribbean%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Caribbean%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Caribbean%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Caribbean%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Caribbean%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2025</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Caribbean</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CIA_map_Central_America_%26_Caribbean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CIA_map_Central_America_%26_Caribbean.png/290px-CIA_map_Central_America_%26_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CIA_map_Central_America_%26_Caribbean.png/435px-CIA_map_Central_America_%26_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/CIA_map_Central_America_%26_Caribbean.png/580px-CIA_map_Central_America_%26_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="1390" data-file-height="1044" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">269,681 km<sup>2</sup> (104,124 sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">44,182,048<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population density</th><td class="infobox-data">151.5/km<sup>2</sup> (392/sq mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Caribbean">Afro-Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latin American</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbean">Indian</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="White Caribbean">European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Caribbean">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Caribbean" title="Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean">Amerindian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiracial" class="mw-redirect" title="Multiracial">Multiracial</a>, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/African_diaspora_religions" title="African diaspora religions">Afro-American religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">traditional African religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Native_American_religions" title="Native American religions">Native American religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religions</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kejaw%C3%A8n" title="Kejawèn">Kebatinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">irreligion</a>, others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_people" title="Caribbean people">Caribbean</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Indian" title="West Indian">West Indian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_Caribbean#Sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Caribbean">16</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dependencies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_Caribbean#Dependent_territories" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Caribbean">12</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_English" title="Caribbean English">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Spanish" title="Caribbean Spanish">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French-based_creole_languages" title="French-based creole languages">French Creoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English-based_creole_languages" title="English-based creole languages">English Creoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch-based_creole_languages" title="Dutch-based creole languages">Dutch Creoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish-based_creole_languages" title="Spanish-based creole languages">Spanish Creoles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Caribbean Hindustani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caribbean" title="Languages of the Caribbean">among others</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zones</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> to <a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Internet <a href="/wiki/Top-level_domain" title="Top-level domain">TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Internet_top-level_domains" title="List of Internet top-level domains">Multiple</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Calling code</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/List_of_country_calling_codes" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country calling codes">Multiple</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Largest cities</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas in the West Indies">List of metropolitan areas in the West Indies</a></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Santo_Domingo" title="Greater Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan%E2%80%93Bayam%C3%B3n%E2%80%93Caguas_metropolitan_area" title="San Juan–Bayamón–Caguas metropolitan area">San Juan</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_los_Caballeros" title="Santiago de los Caballeros">Santiago de los Caballeros</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Cuba" title="Santiago de Cuba">Santiago de Cuba</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Willemstad" title="Willemstad">Willemstad</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Oranjestad, Aruba">Oranjestad</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Punta_Cana" title="Punta Cana">Punta Cana</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cap-Ha%C3%AFtien" title="Cap-Haïtien">Cap-Haïtien</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nassau,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau, Bahamas">Nassau</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chetumal" title="Chetumal">Chetumal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Town" title="Spanish Town">Spanish Town</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Porlamar" title="Porlamar">Porlamar</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Guyana" title="Georgetown, Guyana">Georgetown</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bridgetown" title="Bridgetown">Bridgetown</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando,_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago">San Fernando</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Belize_City" title="Belize City">Belize City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/UN_M49" title="UN M49">UN M49</a> code</th><td class="infobox-data"><code>029</code> – Caribbean<br /><code>419</code> – <a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a><br /><code>019</code> – <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a><br /><code>001</code> – <a href="/wiki/World" title="World">World</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Caribbean</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ən/: 'on' in 'button'">ən</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KARR</span>-ih-<span style="font-size:90%">BEE</span>-ən, kə-<span style="font-size:90%">RIB</span>-ee-ən</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">locally </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KARR</span>-ih-bee-an</i></a>;<sup id="cite_ref-dce_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dce-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">el Caribe</i>; <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">les Caraïbes</i>; <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">de Caraïben</i>) is a subregion in the middle of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> centered around the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic Ocean</a>, mostly overlapping with the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>. Bordered by <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> to the west, and <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a> to the south, it comprises numerous <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">islands</a>, cays, islets, reefs, and banks. It includes the <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a> <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Quintana_Roo#Municipalities" title="Municipalities of Quintana Roo">islands</a> and <a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Belize#List" title="Districts of Belize">Belizean</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Belize" title="List of islands of Belize">islands</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula" title="Yucatán Peninsula">Yucatán Peninsula</a>; and the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department#Islands" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miskito_Cays" title="Miskito Cays">Miskito Cays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia, and Santa Catalina</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Corn_Islands" title="Corn Islands">Corn Islands</a> of Central America. It also includes the coastal areas on the <a href="/wiki/Mainland" title="Mainland">continental mainland</a> of the Americas bordering the region from the Yucatán Peninsula in North America through Central America to the <a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">Guianas</a> in South America.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tright"> <div class="thumbinner" style="width: 277px;"> <div class="thumbimage" style="width: 275px; height: 250px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -325px; left: -0px; width: 585px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_continents_at_night_by_VIIRS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Caribbean as seen from space at night, 2012" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Atlantic_continents_at_night_by_VIIRS.jpg/960px-Atlantic_continents_at_night_by_VIIRS.jpg" decoding="async" width="585" height="585" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Atlantic_continents_at_night_by_VIIRS.jpg/1170px-Atlantic_continents_at_night_by_VIIRS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="13500" data-file-height="13500" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_continents_at_night_by_VIIRS.jpg" title="File:Atlantic continents at night by VIIRS.jpg"> </a></div>Caribbean as seen from <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">space</a> at night, 2012 </div> </div> </div> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Indies_-_Island_Groups.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/West_Indies_-_Island_Groups.svg/250px-West_Indies_-_Island_Groups.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/West_Indies_-_Island_Groups.svg/375px-West_Indies_-_Island_Groups.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/West_Indies_-_Island_Groups.svg/500px-West_Indies_-_Island_Groups.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3690" data-file-height="2323" /></a><figcaption>Island groups comprising the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> in the Caribbean</figcaption></figure><p>Situated largely on the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_plate" title="Caribbean plate">Caribbean plate</a>, the region has thousands of islands, <a href="/wiki/Islet" title="Islet">islets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reef" title="Reef">reefs</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cay" title="Cay">cays</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-brief_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Island_arc" title="Island arc">Island arcs</a> delineate the northern and eastern edges of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-brief_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-brief-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a> in the north and the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>, which includes the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands" title="Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Antilles" title="Leeward Antilles">Leeward Antilles</a>, to the east and south. The nearby northwestern <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a>, comprising <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a>, and the island of <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> in the Lesser Antilles, are considered to be a part of the Caribbean despite not bordering the Caribbean Sea. All the islands in the <a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a>, including the Lucayan Archipelago, form the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>, a term often interchangeable with the <i>Caribbean</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">archipelago of Bermuda</a> is not part of the Caribbean, as it lies in the <a href="/wiki/Sargasso_Sea" title="Sargasso Sea">Sargasso Sea</a> to the north, but it is an associate member of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Territorial_Waters_in_the_Caribbean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Map_of_the_Territorial_Waters_in_the_Caribbean.png/250px-Map_of_the_Territorial_Waters_in_the_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Map_of_the_Territorial_Waters_in_the_Caribbean.png/500px-Map_of_the_Territorial_Waters_in_the_Caribbean.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1713" data-file-height="1118" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone" title="Exclusive economic zone">Exclusive economic zones</a> (EEZ) in the Caribbean, with <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone#United_States" title="Exclusive economic zone">American</a> zones in blue, <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone#United_Kingdom" title="Exclusive economic zone">British</a> in pink, <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone#France" title="Exclusive economic zone">French</a> in purple, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Dutch</a> in orange, and <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone#Ecuador" title="Exclusive economic zone">Ecuadorian</a> in green</figcaption></figure> <p>On the continental <a href="/wiki/Mainland" title="Mainland">mainland</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>, the Caribbean coasts of <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, Central America, and South America, including the <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula" title="Yucatán Peninsula">Yucatán Peninsula</a> of Mexico, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands Department</a> of Honduras, the <a href="/wiki/North_Caribbean_Coast_Autonomous_Region" title="North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region">North</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Caribbean_Coast_Autonomous_Region" title="South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region">South Caribbean Autonomous Regions</a> of Nicaragua, the <a href="/wiki/Lim%C3%B3n_Province" title="Limón Province">Limón Province</a> of Costa Rica, <a href="/wiki/Cartagena,_Colombia" title="Cartagena, Colombia">Cartagena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barranquilla" title="Barranquilla">Barranquilla</a> in Colombia, <a href="/wiki/Maracaibo" title="Maracaibo">Maracaibo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cuman%C3%A1" title="Cumaná">Cumaná</a> in Venezuela, are considered part of Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As with the coastal areas of the mainland, <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> are often completely included within the Caribbean due to their strong <a href="/wiki/Political_geography" title="Political geography">political</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cultural_geography" title="Cultural geography">cultural</a> ties with the region. </p><p>Geopolitically, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">islands of the Caribbean</a> are often regarded as a subregion of <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>, though sometimes they are included in <a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle America</a>, or regarded as its own subregion as the <i>Caribbean</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Caribbean is sometimes considered alongside Latin America as a region.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ECHO_Caribbean_Basemap_A3_Landscape_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/ECHO_Caribbean_Basemap_A3_Landscape_v2.png/250px-ECHO_Caribbean_Basemap_A3_Landscape_v2.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/ECHO_Caribbean_Basemap_A3_Landscape_v2.png/375px-ECHO_Caribbean_Basemap_A3_Landscape_v2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/ECHO_Caribbean_Basemap_A3_Landscape_v2.png/500px-ECHO_Caribbean_Basemap_A3_Landscape_v2.png 2x" data-file-width="4959" data-file-height="3509" /></a><figcaption>Political map of Caribbean</figcaption></figure> <p>Generally, the Caribbean region is organized into 33 <a href="/wiki/Polity" title="Polity">political entities</a>, including 13 <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">sovereign states</a>, 12 <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">dependencies</a>, 7 <a href="/wiki/Territory#Overseas_territory" title="Territory">overseas territories</a>, and various <a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">disputed territories</a>. From 15 December 1954 to 10 October 2010, there was a territory known as the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a> composed of five islands, all of which were <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Dutch</a> dependencies.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 3 January 1958 to 31 May 1962, there was also a short-lived political union called the British <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> composed of ten English-speaking Caribbean territories, all of which were then British dependencies. </p><p>The modern Caribbean is one of the most ethnically diverse regions on the planet, as a result of <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">colonization</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Dutch colonization of the Americas">Dutch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a> from <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan Africa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Indentured_servitude" title="Indentured servitude">indentured servitude</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>; as well as modern immigration from around the world. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology_and_pronunciation">Etymology and pronunciation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology and pronunciation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The region takes its name from the <a href="/wiki/Kalinago" title="Kalinago">Caribs</a>, an ethnic group present in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> and parts of adjacent South America at the time of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish conquest of the Americas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two most prevalent pronunciations of "Caribbean" outside the Caribbean are <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KARR</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">BEE</span>-ən</i></a>), with the primary <a href="/wiki/Stress_(linguistics)" title="Stress (linguistics)">stress</a> on the third <a href="/wiki/Syllable" title="Syllable">syllable</a>, and <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">kə-<span style="font-size:90%">RIB</span>-ee-ən</i></a>), with the stress on the second. Most authorities of the last century preferred the stress on the third syllable.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is the older of the two pronunciations, but the stressed-second-syllable variant has been established for over 75 years.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been suggested that speakers of <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a> prefer <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/iː/: 'ee' in 'fleece'">iː</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KARR</span>-ə-<span style="font-size:90%">BEE</span>-ən</i></a>) while <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American speakers</a> more typically use <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling">kə-<span style="font-size:90%">RIB</span>-ee-ən</i></a>),<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but major American dictionaries and other sources list the stress on the third syllable as more common in <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a> too.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the American version of Oxford Online Dictionaries, the stress on the second syllable is becoming more common in UK English and is increasingly considered "by some" to be more up to date and more "correct".<sup id="cite_ref-oed_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Oxford Online Dictionaries claim the stress on the second syllable is the most common pronunciation in the Caribbean itself, but according to the <a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Caribbean_English_Usage" title="Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage">Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage</a>, the most common pronunciation in <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_English" title="Caribbean English">Caribbean English</a> stresses the first syllable instead, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit'">ɪ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KARR</span>-ih-bee-an</i></a>).<sup id="cite_ref-dce_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dce-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-oed_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caribbean_general_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caribbean_general_map.png/300px-Caribbean_general_map.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caribbean_general_map.png/450px-Caribbean_general_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Caribbean_general_map.png/600px-Caribbean_general_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1699" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Map of the Caribbean</figcaption></figure> <p>The word <i>Caribbean</i> has multiple uses. Its principal ones are geographical and political. The Caribbean can <a href="/wiki/Greater_Caribbean" title="Greater Caribbean">also be expanded</a> to include territories with strong cultural and historical connections to Africa, <a href="/wiki/Slavery" title="Slavery">slavery</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonisation</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Plantation_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantation system">plantation system</a>. </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme_for_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations geoscheme for the Americas">United Nations geoscheme for the Americas</a> presents the Caribbean as a distinct region within the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a>.</li> <li>Physiographically, the Caribbean region is mainly a chain of islands surrounding the Caribbean Sea. To the north, the region is bordered by the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Mexico" title="Gulf of Mexico">Gulf of Mexico</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Straits_of_Florida" title="Straits of Florida">Straits of Florida</a> and the Northern <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a>, which lies to the east and northeast. To the south lies the coastline of the <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a> of <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>.</li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Caribbean">History of the Caribbean</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Languages_of_the_Caribbean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Languages_of_the_Caribbean.png/330px-Languages_of_the_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/13/Languages_of_the_Caribbean.png 1.5x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="360" /></a><figcaption>Pre-Columbian languages of the West Indies. <a href="/wiki/Ciboney_Ta%C3%ADno" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciboney Taíno">Ciboney Taíno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Classic_Ta%C3%ADno" class="mw-redirect" title="Classic Taíno">Classic Taíno</a>, and <a href="/wiki/I%C3%B1eri_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Iñeri language">Iñeri</a> were Arawakan, <a href="/wiki/Karina_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Karina language">Karina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yao_language_(Trinidad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yao language (Trinidad)">Yao</a> were Cariban. <a href="/wiki/Macorix_language" title="Macorix language">Macorix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ciguayo_language" title="Ciguayo language">Ciguayo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guanahatabey_language" title="Guanahatabey language">Guanahatabey</a> are unclassified.</figcaption></figure> <p>The oldest evidence of humans in the Caribbean is in southern <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> at <a href="/wiki/Banwari_Trace" title="Banwari Trace">Banwari Trace</a>, where remains have been found from 7,000 years ago. These pre-ceramic sites, which belong to the Archaic (pre-ceramic) age, have been termed <a href="/wiki/Ortoiroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortoiroid">Ortoiroid</a>. The earliest archaeological evidence of human settlement in <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> dates to about 3600 BC, but the reliability of these finds is questioned. Consistent dates of 3100 BC appear in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>. The earliest dates in the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> are from 2000 BC in <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>. A lack of pre-ceramic sites in the <a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands" title="Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a> and differences in technology suggest that these Archaic settlers may have Central American origins. Whether an Ortoiroid colonization of the islands took place is uncertain, but there is little evidence of one. </p><p><a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> studies changed some of the traditional beliefs about pre-Columbian indigenous history. According to <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic" title="National Geographic">National Geographic</a></i>, "studies confirm that a wave of pottery-making farmers—known as Ceramic Age people—set out in canoes from the northeastern coast of South America starting some 2,500 years ago and island-hopped across the Caribbean. They were not, however, the first colonizers. On many islands they encountered a foraging people who arrived some 6,000 or 7,000 years ago ... The ceramicists, who are related to today's <a href="/wiki/Arawak_language" title="Arawak language">Arawak</a>-speaking peoples, supplanted the earlier foraging inhabitants—presumably through disease or violence—as they settled new islands."<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 400 BC and 200 BC, the first ceramic-using agriculturalists, the <a href="/wiki/Saladoid_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Saladoid culture">Saladoid culture</a>, entered Trinidad from South America. They expanded up the Orinoco River to Trinidad, and then spread rapidly up the islands of the Caribbean. Some time after 250 AD another group, the Barancoid, entered Trinidad. The Barancoid society collapsed along the Orinoco around 650 AD and another group, the Arauquinoid, expanded into these areas and up the Caribbean chain. Around 1300 AD a new group, the Mayoid, entered Trinidad and remained the dominant culture until Spanish settlement. </p><p>At the time of the European discovery of most of the islands of the Caribbean, three major Amerindian indigenous peoples lived on the islands: the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a>; the <a href="/wiki/Kalinago" title="Kalinago">Island Caribs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Galibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Galibi">Galibi</a> in the Windward Islands; and the <a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a> in western Cuba. The Taínos are subdivided into Classic Taínos, who occupied <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> and part of Hispaniola; Western Taínos, who occupied the Bahamian archipelago, Cuba, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, and part of Hispaniola; and the Eastern Taínos, who occupied the northern <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>. The southern Lesser Antilles, including <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, were inhabited by both <a href="/wiki/Kalinago_language" title="Kalinago language">Carib-speaking</a> and Arawak-speaking groups. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_contact">European contact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: European contact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_British_and_French_Caribbean" title="Slavery in the British and French Caribbean">Slavery in the British and French Caribbean</a> and <a href="/wiki/Encomienda#Deaths,_disease,_and_accusations_of_ethnocide_or_genocide" title="Encomienda">Encomienda § Deaths, disease, and accusations of ethnocide or genocide</a></div> <p>Soon after <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> came to the Caribbean including Hispaniola and Martinica, both Portuguese and Spanish explorers began claiming territories in Central and South America. These early colonies brought gold to Europe; most specifically England, the Netherlands, and France. These nations hoped to establish profitable colonies in the Caribbean. Colonial rivalries made the Caribbean a cockpit for European wars for centuries. </p><p>Columbus, and the early colonists of Hispaniola, treated the indigenous peoples brutally, even enslaving children.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1512, after pressure from Dominican friars, the <a href="/wiki/Laws_of_Burgos" title="Laws of Burgos">Laws of Burgos</a> were introduced by the Spanish Crown to better protect the rights of the New World natives. The Spanish used a form of slavery called the <i><a href="/wiki/Encomienda" title="Encomienda">Encomienda</a></i>, where slaves would be awarded to the conquistadors, who were charged with protecting and converting their slaves. This had a devastating impact on the population,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so starting in 1503, slaves from Africa were imported to the colony. <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> was ceded to <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> by <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> while both <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinica</a> and the western third of <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> were ceded to <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. </p><p> While early slave traders were Portuguese and Spanish, known as the First Atlantic System, by the 17th century the trade became dominated by British, French, and Dutch merchants. This was known as the Second Atlantic System. 5 million African slaves would be taken to the Caribbean, and around half would be traded to the British Caribbean islands. Slavery was abolished first in the Dutch Empire in 1814. Spain abolished slavery in its empire in 1811, with the exceptions of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Santo Domingo. Slavery was not abolished in Cuba until 1886.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Britain <a href="/wiki/Slave_Trade_Act_1807" title="Slave Trade Act 1807">abolished the slave trade in 1807</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833" title="Slavery Abolition Act 1833">slavery proper in 1833</a>. France abolished slavery in its colonies in 1848.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Battle_of_the_Saints,_12_April_1782_RMG_BHC0444.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Battle_of_the_Saints%2C_12_April_1782_RMG_BHC0444.jpg/250px-The_Battle_of_the_Saints%2C_12_April_1782_RMG_BHC0444.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Battle_of_the_Saints%2C_12_April_1782_RMG_BHC0444.jpg/330px-The_Battle_of_the_Saints%2C_12_April_1782_RMG_BHC0444.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/The_Battle_of_the_Saints%2C_12_April_1782_RMG_BHC0444.jpg/500px-The_Battle_of_the_Saints%2C_12_April_1782_RMG_BHC0444.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4651" data-file-height="3001" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Saintes" title="Battle of the Saintes">Battle of the Saintes</a> between British and French fleets in 1782, by <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Pocock" title="Nicholas Pocock">Nicholas Pocock</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Caribbean was known for <a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">pirates</a>, especially between 1640 and 1680. The term "<a href="/wiki/Buccaneer" title="Buccaneer">buccaneer</a>" is often used to describe a pirate operating in this region. The Caribbean region was war-torn throughout much of its colonial history, but the wars were often based in Europe, with only minor battles fought in the Caribbean. Some wars, however, were born of political turmoil in the Caribbean itself. </p><p>In 1791, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">a slave rebellion</a> in the French colony of Saint-Domingue led to the establishment in 1804 of <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>, the first republic in the Caribbean. Neighboring Santo Domingo (now <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>) would attain its independence on three separate occasions in 1821, 1844 and 1865. Cuba became independent in 1898 following American intervention in the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_War_of_Independence" title="Cuban War of Independence">War of Independence</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish-American war</a>. Following the war, Spain's last colony in the Americas, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, became an unincorporated territory of the United States. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Decolonisation_and_modern_period">Decolonisation and modern period</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Decolonisation and modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Between the 1960s and '80s, most of the British holdings in the Caribbean achieved political independence, starting with <a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Independence_Act_1962" title="Jamaica Independence Act 1962">Jamaica in 1962</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_Independence_Act_1962" title="Trinidad and Tobago Independence Act 1962">Trinidad and Tobago</a> (1962), <a href="/wiki/British_Guiana" title="British Guiana">British Guiana</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/Barbados_Independence_Act_1966" title="Barbados Independence Act 1966">Barbados</a> (1966), <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a> (1973), <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> (1974), <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> (1978), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a> (1979), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent</a> (1979), <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> (1981), and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a> (1983). Presently, the United States, Britain, France and the Netherlands still have some <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean#Islands_currently_under_colonial_administration" title="History of the Caribbean">Caribbean possessions</a>. </p><p>The decline of the export industries meant a need to diversify the economies of the Caribbean territories. <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Caribbean">The tourism industry</a> started developing in the early 20th century, rapidly developing in the 1960s when regular international flights made vacations affordable and is now a $50 billion industry. Another industry that developed in the early 20th century was <a href="/wiki/Offshore_bank" title="Offshore bank">offshore banking and financial services</a>, particularly in The Bahamas and the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>, as the proximity of the Caribbean islands to North America made them an attractive location for branches of foreign banks seeking to avail themselves of less complicated regulations and lower tax rates. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="US_interventions">US interventions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: US interventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caribbean" title="Special:EditPage/Caribbean">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_interventions_by_the_United_States" title="Foreign interventions by the United States">Foreign interventions by the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="American imperialism">American imperialism</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> has conducted military operations in the Caribbean for at least 100 years.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the <a href="/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine" title="Monroe Doctrine">Monroe Doctrine</a>, the United States gained a major influence on most Caribbean nations. In the early part of the 20th century this influence was extended by participation in the <a href="/wiki/Banana_Wars" title="Banana Wars">Banana Wars</a>. Victory in the Spanish–American War and the signing of the <a href="/wiki/Platt_Amendment" title="Platt Amendment">Platt Amendment</a> in 1901 ensured that the United States would have the right to interfere in Cuban political and economic affairs, militarily if necessary. After the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolution" title="Cuban Revolution">Cuban Revolution</a> of 1959, relations deteriorated rapidly leading to the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Missile_Crisis" title="Cuban Missile Crisis">Cuban Missile Crisis</a>, and successive US attempts to destabilize the island, based upon <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> fears of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> threat. The US invaded and occupied Hispaniola for 19 years (1915–34), subsequently dominating the Haitian economy through aid and loan repayments. The US invaded Haiti again <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">in 1994</a>. After the <a href="/wiki/2004_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="2004 Haitian coup d'état">2004 Haitian coup d'état</a>, the US were accused by <a href="/wiki/CARICOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CARICOM">CARICOM</a> of arranging it to remove elected Haitian leader Jean-Bertrand Aristide. In 1965, 23,000 US troops were sent to the Dominican Republic to quash a local uprising against military rule (see <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Civil_War" title="Dominican Civil War">Dominican Civil War</a>). President Lyndon Johnson had ordered the invasion to stem what he deemed to be a "Communist threat". However, the mission appeared ambiguous and was roundly condemned throughout the hemisphere as a return to <a href="/wiki/Gunboat_diplomacy" title="Gunboat diplomacy">gunboat diplomacy</a>. In 1983, the US <a href="/wiki/United_States_invasion_of_Grenada" title="United States invasion of Grenada">invaded Grenada</a> to remove populist left-wing leader Maurice Bishop. The US maintains a naval military base in Cuba at <a href="/wiki/Guantanamo_Bay_Naval_Base" title="Guantanamo Bay Naval Base">Guantanamo Bay</a>. The base is one of five unified commands whose "area of responsibility" is <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> and the Caribbean. The command is headquartered in Miami, Florida. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 224px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 222px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Attack_near_Playa_Giron._April_19,_1961._-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Counter-attack by Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces supported by T-34 tanks near Playa Giron during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, 19 April 1961."><img alt="Counter-attack by Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces supported by T-34 tanks near Playa Giron during the Bay of Pigs Invasion, 19 April 1961." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Attack_near_Playa_Giron._April_19%2C_1961._-_panoramio.jpg/500px-Attack_near_Playa_Giron._April_19%2C_1961._-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="222" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Attack_near_Playa_Giron._April_19%2C_1961._-_panoramio.jpg/960px-Attack_near_Playa_Giron._April_19%2C_1961._-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="693" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Counter-attack by <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Revolutionary_Armed_Forces" title="Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces">Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces</a> supported by <a href="/wiki/T-34" title="T-34">T-34</a> tanks near Playa Giron during the <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Pigs_Invasion" title="Bay of Pigs Invasion">Bay of Pigs Invasion</a>, 19 April 1961.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 120px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 118px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DR1965-5_(8161964889).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Marine heavy machine gunner monitors a position along the international neutral corridor in Santo Domingo, 1965."><img alt="A Marine heavy machine gunner monitors a position along the international neutral corridor in Santo Domingo, 1965." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DR1965-5_%288161964889%29.jpg/177px-DR1965-5_%288161964889%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="118" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DR1965-5_%288161964889%29.jpg/266px-DR1965-5_%288161964889%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/DR1965-5_%288161964889%29.jpg/355px-DR1965-5_%288161964889%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="2800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine</a> heavy machine gunner monitors a position along the international neutral corridor in Santo Domingo, 1965.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BTR-60PB_Urgent_Fury.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Soviet-made BTR-60 armored personnel carrier seized by US forces during Operation Urgent Fury (1983)"><img alt="A Soviet-made BTR-60 armored personnel carrier seized by US forces during Operation Urgent Fury (1983)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/BTR-60PB_Urgent_Fury.jpg/250px-BTR-60PB_Urgent_Fury.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/BTR-60PB_Urgent_Fury.jpg/330px-BTR-60PB_Urgent_Fury.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1894" data-file-height="2840" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Soviet-made <a href="/wiki/BTR-60" title="BTR-60">BTR-60</a> armored personnel carrier seized by US forces during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Urgent_Fury" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Urgent Fury">Operation Urgent Fury</a> (1983)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 102px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 100px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Army_helicopters_on_forward_flight_deck_of_USS_Eisenhower_(CVN-69)_off_Haiti_in_1994.JPEG" class="mw-file-description" title="US Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, Bell AH-1 Cobra and Bell OH-58 Kiowa helicopters on deck of the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower off Haiti, 1994."><img alt="US Army Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk, Bell AH-1 Cobra and Bell OH-58 Kiowa helicopters on deck of the US Navy aircraft carrier USS Dwight D. Eisenhower off Haiti, 1994." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/US_Army_helicopters_on_forward_flight_deck_of_USS_Eisenhower_%28CVN-69%29_off_Haiti_in_1994.JPEG/150px-US_Army_helicopters_on_forward_flight_deck_of_USS_Eisenhower_%28CVN-69%29_off_Haiti_in_1994.JPEG" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/US_Army_helicopters_on_forward_flight_deck_of_USS_Eisenhower_%28CVN-69%29_off_Haiti_in_1994.JPEG/226px-US_Army_helicopters_on_forward_flight_deck_of_USS_Eisenhower_%28CVN-69%29_off_Haiti_in_1994.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/US_Army_helicopters_on_forward_flight_deck_of_USS_Eisenhower_%28CVN-69%29_off_Haiti_in_1994.JPEG/300px-US_Army_helicopters_on_forward_flight_deck_of_USS_Eisenhower_%28CVN-69%29_off_Haiti_in_1994.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="2003" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">US Army <a href="/wiki/Sikorsky_UH-60_Black_Hawk" title="Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk">Sikorsky UH-60 Black Hawk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bell_AH-1_Cobra" title="Bell AH-1 Cobra">Bell AH-1 Cobra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bell_OH-58_Kiowa" title="Bell OH-58 Kiowa">Bell OH-58 Kiowa</a> helicopters on deck of the US Navy aircraft carrier <a href="/wiki/USS_Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="USS Dwight D. Eisenhower">USS <i>Dwight D. Eisenhower</i></a> off Haiti, 1994.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png/250px-Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png/330px-Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png/500px-Tectonic_plates_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#FAD4AF; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> The <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_plate" title="Caribbean plate">Caribbean plate</a> is the reason islands exist here. On the north, <a href="/wiki/Obduction" title="Obduction">obduction</a> has scraped rocks onto the <a href="/wiki/North_American_plate" title="North American plate">North American plate</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Cuba" title="Geology of Cuba">in western Cuba</a>). On the east, the <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles_subduction_zone" title="Lesser Antilles subduction zone">Lesser Antilles subduction zone</a> produces <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanism</a> and an <a href="/wiki/Island_arc" title="Island arc">island arc</a>. Complex interactions with the <a href="/wiki/South_American_plate" title="South American plate">South American plate</a> has created islands along the southern boundary. <a href="/wiki/Coral_island" title="Coral island">Coral islands</a> are found in <a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">insular Colombia</a> near the east coast of Central America.</div></figcaption></figure> <p>The geography and climate in the Caribbean region varies: Some islands in the region have relatively flat terrain of non-volcanic origin. These islands include <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> (which has minor volcanic features), <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">the Bahamas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a>. Others possess rugged towering mountain-ranges like the islands of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_(island)" title="Saint Martin (island)">Saint Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Thomas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint John</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tortola" title="Tortola">Tortola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_(Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent (Antilles)">Saint Vincent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>. </p><p>Definitions of the terms Greater Antilles and Lesser Antilles often vary. As part of the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Bank" title="Puerto Rico Bank">Puerto Rico Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico-Virgin_Islands_microplate" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands microplate">Puerto Rico-Virgin Islands microplate</a>, the Virgin Islands are sometimes included with the Greater Antilles. The term Lesser Antilles is often used to define an island arc that includes Grenada but excludes Trinidad and Tobago and the Leeward Antilles. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caribbean_Sea_Gulf_of_Mexico_shaded_relief_bathymetry_land_map_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Caribbean_Sea_Gulf_of_Mexico_shaded_relief_bathymetry_land_map_2.png/330px-Caribbean_Sea_Gulf_of_Mexico_shaded_relief_bathymetry_land_map_2.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Caribbean_Sea_Gulf_of_Mexico_shaded_relief_bathymetry_land_map_2.png/500px-Caribbean_Sea_Gulf_of_Mexico_shaded_relief_bathymetry_land_map_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Caribbean_Sea_Gulf_of_Mexico_shaded_relief_bathymetry_land_map_2.png/960px-Caribbean_Sea_Gulf_of_Mexico_shaded_relief_bathymetry_land_map_2.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="664" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">Topography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bathymetry" title="Bathymetry">bathymetry</a> in the Caribbean with a 100 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">m</a> (328 ft) depth contour, delimiting <a href="/wiki/Continental_shelf" title="Continental shelf">shallow</a> <a href="/wiki/Seabed#Topography" title="Seabed">underwater landforms</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Bahama_Banks" title="Bahama Banks">Bahamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Bank" title="Puerto Rico Bank">Puerto Rico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Bank" title="Rosalind Bank">Rosalind</a> <a href="/wiki/Ocean_bank" title="Ocean bank">banks</a><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The waters of the Caribbean Sea host large, migratory schools of fish, turtles, and <a href="/wiki/Coral_reef" title="Coral reef">coral reef</a> formations. The <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico_Trench" title="Puerto Rico Trench">Puerto Rico Trench</a>, located on the fringe of the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea just to the north of the island of Puerto Rico, is the deepest point in all of the Atlantic Ocean.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The region sits in the line of several major shipping routes with the <a href="/wiki/Panama_Canal" title="Panama Canal">Panama Canal</a> connecting the western Caribbean Sea with the Pacific Ocean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Johny_Cay.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Johny_Cay.jpg/220px-Johny_Cay.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Johny_Cay.jpg/330px-Johny_Cay.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Johny_Cay.jpg/440px-Johny_Cay.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4019" data-file-height="2674" /></a><figcaption>Tropical monsoon climate in <a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_(island)" title="San Andrés (island)">San Andrés island</a>, Caribbean, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_Caribbean_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Koppen-Geiger_Map_Caribbean_present.svg/220px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_Caribbean_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Koppen-Geiger_Map_Caribbean_present.svg/330px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_Caribbean_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Koppen-Geiger_Map_Caribbean_present.svg/440px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_Caribbean_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1609" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate</a> map of the islands of the Caribbean.</figcaption></figure> <p>The climate of the area is <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a>, varying from <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest_climate" title="Tropical rainforest climate">tropical rainforest</a> in some areas to <a href="/wiki/Tropical_monsoon_climate" title="Tropical monsoon climate">tropical monsoon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tropical_savanna_climate" title="Tropical savanna climate">tropical savanna</a> in others. There are also some locations that are <a href="/wiki/Arid" class="mw-redirect" title="Arid">arid</a> climates with considerable drought in some years, and the peaks of mountains tend to have cooler <a href="/wiki/Temperate_climate" title="Temperate climate">temperate climates</a>. </p><p>Rainfall varies with elevation, size and water currents, such as the cool upwellings that keep the <a href="/wiki/ABC_islands_(Lesser_Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC islands (Lesser Antilles)">ABC islands</a> arid. Warm, moist <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> blow consistently from the east, creating both rain forest and semi arid climates across the region. The tropical rainforest climates include lowland areas near the Caribbean Sea from <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> north to <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, while the more seasonal dry tropical savanna climates are found in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, northern <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, and southern <a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula" title="Yucatán Peninsula">Yucatán, Mexico</a>. Arid climates are found along the extreme northern coast of Venezuela out to the islands including <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, as well as the northwestern tip of Yucatán. </p><p>While the region generally is sunny much of the year, the wet season from May through November sees more frequent cloud cover (both broken and overcast), while the dry season from December through April is more often clear to mostly sunny. Seasonal rainfall is divided into 'dry' and 'wet' seasons, with the latter six months of the year being wetter than the first half. The air temperature is hot much of the year, varying from 25 to 33 C (77 F to 90 F) between the wet and dry seasons. Seasonally, monthly mean temperatures vary from only about 5 C (7 F) in the northern most regions, to less than 3 C in the southernmost areas of the Caribbean. </p><p>Hurricane season is from June to November, but they occur more frequently in August and September and more common in the northern islands of the Caribbean. <a href="/wiki/Hurricanes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricanes">Hurricanes</a> that sometimes batter the region usually strike northwards of <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> and to the west of Barbados. The principal hurricane belt arcs to northwest of the island of Barbados in the Eastern Caribbean. A great example being recent events of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Irma" title="Hurricane Irma">Hurricane Irma</a> devastating the island of Saint Martin during the 2017 hurricane season. </p><p>Sea surface temperatures change little annually, normally running from 30 °C (87 °F) in the warmest months to 26 °C (76 °F) in the coolest months. The air temperature is warm year round, in the 70s, 80s and 90s, and only varies from winter to summer about 2–5 degrees on the southern islands and about a 10–20 degrees difference on the northern islands of the Caribbean. The northern islands, like the Bahamas, Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, may be influenced by continental masses during winter months, such as cold fronts. </p><p><b>Aruba: Latitude 12°N</b> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Oranjestad, Aruba (1981–2010, extremes 1951–2010) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(93.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.4<br />(93.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF2D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.9<br />(94.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF2B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.2<br />(95.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.3<br />(95.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2200; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">36.5<br />(97.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.0<br />(86.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.9<br />(87.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.2<br />(90.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.6<br />(90.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF3C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.7<br />(90.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1<br />(89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.4<br />(86.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">31.5<br />(88.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF5900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.5<br />(83.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.1<br />(84.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.7<br />(83.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.2<br />(81.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5C00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.1<br />(82.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.7<br />(76.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.7<br />(80.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.8<br />(80.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.0<br />(77.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8A16; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.4<br />(70.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.8<br />(71.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B18; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.2<br />(70.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.0<br />(71.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">20.5<br />(68.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.3<br />(1.55) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(0.81) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7<br />(0.34) </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.6<br />(0.46) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.3<br />(0.64) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7<br />(0.74) </td> <td style="background: #CFCFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.7<br />(1.25) </td> <td style="background: #D8D8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(1.02) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.5<br />(1.79) </td> <td style="background: #8B8BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77.8<br />(3.06) </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">94.0<br />(3.70) </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.8<br />(3.22) </td> <td style="background: #C3C3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">471.8<br />(18.58) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: DEPARTAMENTO METEOROLOGICO ARUBA,<sup id="cite_ref-climate_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-extremes_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-extremes-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><b>Puerto Rico: Latitude 18°N</b> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for San Juan, Puerto Rico </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(92) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(96) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(96) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(97) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(96) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(97) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(95) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(95) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(97) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(97) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(98) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(96) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">34<br />(94) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(83) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(84) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(85) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(87) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(88) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(84) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">30<br />(86) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FF860D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22<br />(72) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(73) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(74) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(76) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(78) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(78) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(78) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(78) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25<br />(77) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(75) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23<br />(73) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24<br />(75) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(62) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16<br />(60) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(64) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(66) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21<br />(69) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(68) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21<br />(69) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(67) </td> <td style="background: #FFA144; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(65) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(62) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">16<br />(61) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">95<br />(3.7) </td> <td style="background: #9C9CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #4949FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">118<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #1F1FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">150<br />(5.9) </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">112<br />(4.4) </td> <td style="background: #4040FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">128<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #3131FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">138<br />(5.4) </td> <td style="background: #1E1EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">146<br />(5.7) </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">142<br />(5.6) </td> <td style="background: #0707FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">161<br />(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #4343FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">126<br />(5.0) </td> <td style="background: #4A4AFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,431<br />(56.3) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: The National Weather Service<sup id="cite_ref-weather1_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weather1-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <p><b>Cuba: at Latitude 22°N</b> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Havana </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.5<br />(90.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.9<br />(96.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF2300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.4<br />(97.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.9<br />(98.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.2<br />(99.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.1<br />(97.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF1B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.5<br />(99.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF2A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.4<br />(95.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF2C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.0<br />(95.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.6<br />(83.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(85.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF4B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.5<br />(86.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.3<br />(88.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.6<br />(88.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.2<br />(84.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.7<br />(81.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">28.8<br />(83.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(72.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.7<br />(74.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.8<br />(76.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.0<br />(80.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9<br />(82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.4<br />(81.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.1<br />(79.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.1<br />(75.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.0<br />(73.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8B17; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.3<br />(70.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9730; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(67.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF7EF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.6<br />(42.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF8F2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.4<br />(41.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.8<br />(62.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFA042; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.2<br />(64.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFCC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9<br />(53.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFEAD5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.5<br />(45.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF6; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">5.1<br />(41.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainfall mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.4<br />(2.54) </td> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.6<br />(2.70) </td> <td style="background: #BABAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.2<br />(1.82) </td> <td style="background: #ACACFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.7<br />(2.11) </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">98.0<br />(3.86) </td> <td style="background: #0000E5; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">182.3<br />(7.18) </td> <td style="background: #6161FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">105.6<br />(4.16) </td> <td style="background: #6A6AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">99.6<br />(3.92) </td> <td style="background: #2020FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">144.4<br />(5.69) </td> <td style="background: #0000F1; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">180.5<br />(7.11) </td> <td style="background: #7777FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.3<br />(3.48) </td> <td style="background: #A9A9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.6<br />(2.27) </td> <td style="background: #6868FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,189.2<br />(46.84) </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/World_Meteorological_Organisation" class="mw-redirect" title="World Meteorological Organisation">World Meteorological Organisation</a> (<a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-WMO_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WMO-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Climate-Charts.com<sup id="cite_ref-Relative_Humidity_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Relative_Humidity-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg/250px-Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg/330px-Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg/500px-Tobacco_field_cuba1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="671" /></a><figcaption>A field in <a href="/wiki/Pinar_del_Rio" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinar del Rio">Pinar del Rio</a> planted with <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuban</a> tobacco</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jayuya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jayuya.jpg/250px-Jayuya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jayuya.jpg/330px-Jayuya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Jayuya.jpg/500px-Jayuya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>'s south shore, from the <a href="/wiki/Cordillera_Central_(Puerto_Rico)" title="Cordillera Central (Puerto Rico)">Cordillera Central</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jayuya,_Puerto_Rico" title="Jayuya, Puerto Rico">Jayuya</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Anse_Beach_Grenada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Anse_Beach_Grenada.jpg/220px-Grand_Anse_Beach_Grenada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Anse_Beach_Grenada.jpg/330px-Grand_Anse_Beach_Grenada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Grand_Anse_Beach_Grenada.jpg/440px-Grand_Anse_Beach_Grenada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Grand Anse beach, St. George's, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guadeloupe_(Le_cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Gourbeyre).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guadeloupe_%28Le_cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Gourbeyre%29.jpg/220px-Guadeloupe_%28Le_cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Gourbeyre%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guadeloupe_%28Le_cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Gourbeyre%29.jpg/330px-Guadeloupe_%28Le_cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Gourbeyre%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Guadeloupe_%28Le_cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Gourbeyre%29.jpg/440px-Guadeloupe_%28Le_cimeti%C3%A8re_de_Gourbeyre%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A church cemetery perched in the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg/220px-Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg/330px-Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg/440px-Stkitts-view-lookingatsea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a> island from the southeastern peninsula of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Island_groups">Island groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Island groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a></b><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a> (United Kingdom)</li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a></b> </p> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/60px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> (<a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">U.S. Commonwealth</a>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Virgin_Islands" title="Spanish Virgin Islands">Spanish Virgin Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a></b> </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a></b> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="850" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> (U.S.) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands">Saint John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Island,_U.S._Virgin_Islands" title="Water Island, U.S. Virgin Islands">Water Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a> (United Kingdom) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tortola" title="Tortola">Tortola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virgin_Gorda" title="Virgin Gorda">Virgin Gorda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anegada" title="Anegada">Anegada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jost_Van_Dyke" title="Jost Van Dyke">Jost Van Dyke</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua" title="Antigua">Antigua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbuda" title="Barbuda">Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redonda" title="Redonda">Redonda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_(island)" title="Saint Martin (island)">Saint Martin</a>, politically divided between <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a> (France)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a>, Netherlands)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a>, Netherlands)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="French Antilles">French Antilles</a>, France)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Kitts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevis" title="Nevis">Nevis</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> (United Kingdom)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="French Antilles">French Antilles</a>, France) including <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Les_Saintes" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Saintes">Les Saintes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante">Marie-Galante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade" title="La Désirade">La Désirade</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands" title="Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a></b> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/23px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/35px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/45px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="French Antilles">French Antilles</a>, France)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Vincent (island)">Saint Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grenadines" class="mw-redirect" title="The Grenadines">The Grenadines</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carriacou_and_Petite_Martinique" title="Carriacou and Petite Martinique">Carriacou and Petite Martinique</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/40px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/60px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/40px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/60px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Antilles" title="Leeward Antilles">Leeward Antilles</a></b> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a>, Netherlands)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_groupings">Historical groupings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Historical groupings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Caribbean">History of the Caribbean</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spanish_Caribbean_Islands_in_the_American_Viceroyalties_1600.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spanish_Caribbean_Islands_in_the_American_Viceroyalties_1600.png/300px-Spanish_Caribbean_Islands_in_the_American_Viceroyalties_1600.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spanish_Caribbean_Islands_in_the_American_Viceroyalties_1600.png/450px-Spanish_Caribbean_Islands_in_the_American_Viceroyalties_1600.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Spanish_Caribbean_Islands_in_the_American_Viceroyalties_1600.png/600px-Spanish_Caribbean_Islands_in_the_American_Viceroyalties_1600.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="953" /></a><figcaption>Spanish Caribbean Islands in the American Viceroyalties 1600</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1700_and_on.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1700_and_on.gif/220px-Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1700_and_on.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1700_and_on.gif/330px-Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1700_and_on.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1700_and_on.gif/440px-Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1700_and_on.gif 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption>Political evolution of Central America and the Caribbean from 1700 to present</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1784_na.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1784_na.png/220px-Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1784_na.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1784_na.png/330px-Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1784_na.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1784_na.png/440px-Political_Evolution_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean_1784_na.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 18th century</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caribbean_spanish_names.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Caribbean_spanish_names.PNG/220px-Caribbean_spanish_names.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Caribbean_spanish_names.PNG/330px-Caribbean_spanish_names.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Caribbean_spanish_names.PNG/440px-Caribbean_spanish_names.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1861" data-file-height="1085" /></a><figcaption>The mostly Spanish-controlled Caribbean in the 16th century</figcaption></figure> <p>All islands at some point were, and a few still are, <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonies</a> of European nations; a few are <a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">overseas or dependent territories</a>: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies" title="British West Indies">British West Indies</a>/<a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglophone Caribbean">Anglophone Caribbean</a></b> – <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> (from 1797) and the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a></b> – Possession of <a href="/wiki/Denmark-Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Denmark-Norway">Denmark-Norway</a> before <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Constitution">1814</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, present-day <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch West Indies">Dutch West Indies</a></b> – <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Surinam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Virgin_Islands" title="Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French West Indies</a></b> – <a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> (formerly <a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue" title="Saint-Domingue">Saint-Domingue</a>), <a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>, <a href="/wiki/St._Kitts" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kitts">St. Kitts</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a> (briefly), <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a>, the current French <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9partement_d%27outre-mer" class="mw-redirect" title="Département d'outre-mer">overseas <i>départements</i></a> of <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante">Marie-Galante</a>, <a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade" title="La Désirade">La Désirade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Les_Saintes" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Saintes">Les Saintes</a>), the current French <a href="/wiki/Collectivit%C3%A9_d%27outre-mer" class="mw-redirect" title="Collectivité d'outre-mer">overseas collectivities</a> of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese West Indies</a></b> – present-day <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a>, known as <i><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Os Barbados</i></span></i> in the 16th century when the Portuguese claimed the island en route to Brazil. The Portuguese left Barbados abandoned years before the British arrived.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish West Indies</a></b> – <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a> (present-day <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>), <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> (until 1659, lost to France), <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> (until 1655, lost to Great Britain), the <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> (until 1670 to Great Britain) <a href="/wiki/Trinidad" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> (until 1797, lost to Great Britain) and <a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a> (until 1643, lost to Great Britain), coastal islands of <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> (except Belize), and some Caribbean coastal islands of <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Swedish_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish West Indies">Swedish West Indies</a></b> – present-day French <a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Barthélemy">Saint-Barthélemy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> (briefly) and <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a> (briefly).</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Courland_colonization_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Courland colonization of the Americas">Courlander West Indies</a></b> – <a href="/wiki/Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a> (until 1691)</li></ul> <p>The British West Indies were united by the United Kingdom into a <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Federation" title="West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a> between 1958 and 1962. The independent countries formerly part of the B.W.I. still have a joint <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> team that competes in <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test matches</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day Internationals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20 Internationals</a>. The <a href="/wiki/West_Indian_cricket_team" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indian cricket team">West Indian cricket team</a> includes the South American nation of <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, the only former British colony on the mainland of that continent. </p><p>In addition, these countries share the <a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies" title="University of the West Indies">University of the West Indies</a> as a regional entity. The university consists of three main campuses in Jamaica, Barbados and Trinidad and Tobago, a smaller campus in the Bahamas and Resident Tutors in other contributing territories such as Trinidad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Continental_countries_with_Caribbean_coastlines_and_islands">Continental countries with Caribbean coastlines and islands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Continental countries with Caribbean coastlines and islands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambergris_Caye" title="Ambergris Caye">Ambergris Caye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caye_Caulker" title="Caye Caulker">Caye Caulker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glover%27s_Reef" title="Glover's Reef">Glover's Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hick%27s_Cayes" title="Hick's Cayes">Hick's Cayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lighthouse_Reef" title="Lighthouse Reef">Lighthouse Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s_Caye" title="St. George's Caye">St. George's Caye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_Caye" title="Tobacco Caye">Tobacco Caye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turneffe_Atoll" title="Turneffe Atoll">Turneffe Atoll</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Flag_of_Colombia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Colombia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bajo_Nuevo_Bank" title="Bajo Nuevo Bank">Bajo Nuevo Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crab_Cay" title="Crab Cay">Crab Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quita_Sue%C3%B1o_Bank" title="Quita Sueño Bank">Quita Sueño Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncador_Bank" title="Roncador Bank">Roncador Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roncador_Cay" title="Roncador Cay">Roncador Cay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s_(island)" title="San Andrés (island)">San Andrés (island)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catalina_Island_(Colombia)" title="Santa Catalina Island (Colombia)">Santa Catalina Island (Colombia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serrana_Bank" title="Serrana Bank">Serrana Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serranilla_Bank" title="Serranilla Bank">Serranilla Bank</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosario_Islands" title="Rosario Islands">Rosario Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg/60px-Flag_of_Costa_Rica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brava,_Costa_Rica" title="Brava, Costa Rica">Brava Island, Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Calero" title="Isla Calero">Isla Calero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uvita_Island" title="Uvita Island">Uvita Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/23px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/35px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Flag_of_Guatemala.svg/46px-Flag_of_Guatemala.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></b></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/40px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/60px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Islas_de_la_Bah%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Islas de la Bahía">Islas de la Bahía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayos_Cochinos" title="Cayos Cochinos">Cayos Cochinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guanaja" title="Guanaja">Guanaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roat%C3%A1n" title="Roatán">Roatán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swan_Islands,_Honduras" title="Swan Islands, Honduras">Swan Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Atila" class="mw-redirect" title="Útila">Útila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayos_Cochinos" title="Cayos Cochinos">Cayos Cochinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayo_Gorda" title="Cayo Gorda">Cayo Gorda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobel_Cay" title="Bobel Cay">Bobel Cay</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_Islands" title="Corn Islands">Corn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miskito_Cays" title="Miskito Cays">Miskito Cays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Cays" title="Pearl Cays">Pearl Cays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calala_Island" title="Calala Island">Calala Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rama_Cay" title="Rama Cay">Rama Cay</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/40px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/60px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></b> <ul><li>Archipelago off <a href="/wiki/Guna_Yala" title="Guna Yala">Guna Yala</a> coast (including the <a href="/wiki/San_Blas_Islands" title="San Blas Islands">San Blas Islands</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocas_del_Toro_Archipelago" title="Bocas del Toro Archipelago">Bocas del Toro Archipelago</a> (approximately 300 islands)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galeta_Island_(Panama)" title="Galeta Island (Panama)">Galeta Island (Panama)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Grande" title="Isla Grande">Isla Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soledad_Miria" class="mw-redirect" title="Soledad Miria">Soledad Miria</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cayos_Limones" title="Cayos Limones">Cayos Limones</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banco_Chinchorro" title="Banco Chinchorro">Banco Chinchorro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cozumel" title="Cozumel">Cozumel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Mujeres_Municipality" title="Isla Mujeres Municipality">Isla Blanca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Contoy" title="Isla Contoy">Isla Contoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Holbox" title="Isla Holbox">Isla Holbox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Mujeres" title="Isla Mujeres">Isla Mujeres</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><b><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/23px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/35px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Flag_of_Venezuela.svg/45px-Flag_of_Venezuela.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blanquilla_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Blanquilla Island">Blanquilla Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coche_Island" title="Coche Island">Coche Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubagua" class="mw-redirect" title="Cubagua">Cubagua Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Aves" class="mw-redirect" title="Isla Aves">Isla Aves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islas_Los_Frailes" class="mw-redirect" title="Islas Los Frailes">Islas Los Frailes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isla_Margarita" class="mw-redirect" title="Isla Margarita">Isla Margarita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Orchila" class="mw-redirect" title="La Orchila">La Orchila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Sola_Island" title="La Sola Island">La Sola Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tortuga_Island" title="La Tortuga Island">La Tortuga Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Las_Aves_archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Aves archipelago">Las Aves archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Hermanos_Archipelago" title="Los Hermanos Archipelago">Los Hermanos Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Monjes_Archipelago" title="Los Monjes Archipelago">Los Monjes Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Roques_archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Roques archipelago">Los Roques archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Testigos_Islands" title="Los Testigos Islands">Los Testigos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patos_Island_(Venezuela)" title="Patos Island (Venezuela)">Patos Island</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Clear_water_of_Cayo_de_Agua_-_Agua_cristalina_de_Cayo_de_Agua.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Clear_water_of_Cayo_de_Agua_-_Agua_cristalina_de_Cayo_de_Agua.JPG/220px-Clear_water_of_Cayo_de_Agua_-_Agua_cristalina_de_Cayo_de_Agua.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Clear_water_of_Cayo_de_Agua_-_Agua_cristalina_de_Cayo_de_Agua.JPG/330px-Clear_water_of_Cayo_de_Agua_-_Agua_cristalina_de_Cayo_de_Agua.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Clear_water_of_Cayo_de_Agua_-_Agua_cristalina_de_Cayo_de_Agua.JPG/440px-Clear_water_of_Cayo_de_Agua_-_Agua_cristalina_de_Cayo_de_Agua.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2984" data-file-height="2238" /></a><figcaption>Cayo de Agua, <a href="/wiki/Los_Roques_Archipelago" title="Los Roques Archipelago">Los Roques Archipelago</a>, Venezuela</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palancar_Beach_aerial_Cozumel_Mexico_(21398553341).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Palancar_Beach_aerial_Cozumel_Mexico_%2821398553341%29.jpg/220px-Palancar_Beach_aerial_Cozumel_Mexico_%2821398553341%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Palancar_Beach_aerial_Cozumel_Mexico_%2821398553341%29.jpg/330px-Palancar_Beach_aerial_Cozumel_Mexico_%2821398553341%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Palancar_Beach_aerial_Cozumel_Mexico_%2821398553341%29.jpg/440px-Palancar_Beach_aerial_Cozumel_Mexico_%2821398553341%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3992" data-file-height="2242" /></a><figcaption>Palancar Beach in <a href="/wiki/Cozumel_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Cozumel Island">Cozumel Island</a>, Mexico</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Guanaja_Honduras.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Guanaja_Honduras.jpg/220px-Guanaja_Honduras.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Guanaja_Honduras.jpg/330px-Guanaja_Honduras.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Guanaja_Honduras.jpg/440px-Guanaja_Honduras.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="351" /></a><figcaption>Guanaja Island, Bay Islands, Honduras</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Caribbean islands have one of the most diverse eco systems in the world. The animals, fungi and plants, and have been classified as one of <a href="/wiki/Conservation_International" title="Conservation International">Conservation International</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Biodiversity_hotspot" title="Biodiversity hotspot">biodiversity hotspots</a> because of their exceptionally diverse terrestrial and marine ecosystems, ranging from montane <a href="/wiki/Cloud_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloud forests">cloud forests</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Tropical_rainforest" title="Tropical rainforest">tropical rainforest</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Cactus" title="Cactus">cactus</a> <a href="/wiki/Scrubland" class="mw-redirect" title="Scrubland">scrublands</a>. The region also contains about 8% (by surface area) of the world's coral reefs<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> along with extensive seagrass meadows,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> both of which are frequently found in the shallow marine waters bordering the island and continental coasts of the region. </p><p>For the fungi, there is a modern checklist based on nearly 90,000 records derived from specimens in reference collections, published accounts and field observations.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That checklist includes more than 11,250 species of fungi recorded from the region. As its authors note, the work is far from exhaustive, and it is likely that the true total number of fungal species already known from the Caribbean is higher. The true total number of fungal species occurring in the Caribbean, including species not yet recorded, is likely far higher given the generally accepted estimate that only about 7% of all fungi worldwide have been discovered.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Though the amount of available information is still small, a first effort has been made to estimate the number of fungal species endemic to some Caribbean islands. For Cuba, 2200 species of fungi have been tentatively identified as possible endemics of the island;<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, the number is 789 species;<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, the number is 699 species;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for Trinidad and Tobago, the number is 407 species.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many of the <a href="/wiki/Ecosystem" title="Ecosystem">ecosystems</a> of the Caribbean islands have been devastated by <a href="/wiki/Deforestation" title="Deforestation">deforestation</a>, pollution, and human encroachment. The arrival of the first humans is correlated with extinction of <a href="/wiki/Tyto_pollens" title="Tyto pollens">giant</a> <a href="/wiki/Ornimegalonyx" title="Ornimegalonyx">owls</a> and <a href="/wiki/Megalocnus" title="Megalocnus">dwarf ground sloths</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The hotspot contains dozens of highly threatened animals (ranging from birds, to mammals and reptiles), fungi and plants. Examples of threatened animals include the <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_amazon" title="Puerto Rican amazon">Puerto Rican amazon</a>, two species of <a href="/wiki/Solenodon" title="Solenodon">solenodon</a> (giant shrews) in Cuba and the Hispaniola island, and the <a href="/wiki/Cuban_crocodile" title="Cuban crocodile">Cuban crocodile</a>. </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:760px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize thumbimage" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Isla_Saona.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saona Island, Dominican Republic"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Isla_Saona.jpg/960px-Isla_Saona.jpg" decoding="async" width="750" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Isla_Saona.jpg/1125px-Isla_Saona.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Isla_Saona.jpg/1500px-Isla_Saona.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3173" data-file-height="674" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Isla_Saona.jpg" title="File:Isla Saona.jpg"> </a></div><a href="/wiki/Saona_Island" title="Saona Island">Saona Island</a>, Dominican Republic</div></div></div> <p>The region's coral reefs, which contain about 70 species of hard corals and from 500 to 700 species of reef-associated fishes<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> have undergone rapid decline in ecosystem integrity in recent years, and are considered particularly vulnerable to global warming and ocean acidification.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a <a href="/wiki/UNEP" class="mw-redirect" title="UNEP">UNEP</a> report, the Caribbean coral reefs might go extinct in next 20 years due to human population explosion along the coast lines, overfishing, the pollution of coastal areas and global warming.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some Caribbean islands have terrain that Europeans found suitable for cultivation for agriculture. <a href="/wiki/Tobacco" title="Tobacco">Tobacco</a> was an important early crop during the colonial era, but was eventually overtaken by <a href="/wiki/Sugarcane" title="Sugarcane">sugarcane</a> production as the region's staple crop. Sugar was produced from sugarcane for export to Europe. <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> were historically the largest producers of <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a>. The tropical plantation system thus came to dominate Caribbean settlement. Other islands were found to have terrain unsuited for <a href="/wiki/Agriculture" title="Agriculture">agriculture</a>, for example <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a>, which remains heavily forested. The islands in the southern <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, are extremely arid, making them unsuitable for agriculture. However, they have <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a> pans that were exploited by the Dutch. Sea water was pumped into shallow ponds, producing coarse salt when the water evaporated.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The natural environmental diversity of the Caribbean islands has led to recent growth in <a href="/wiki/Eco-tourism" class="mw-redirect" title="Eco-tourism">eco-tourism</a>. This type of tourism is growing on islands lacking sandy beaches and dense human populations.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plants_and_animals">Plants and animals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Plants and animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_invasive_marine_fish_in_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="List of invasive marine fish in Florida">List of invasive marine fish in the Caribbean</a></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Epiphytes_(Dominica).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Epiphytes (bromeliads, climbing palms) in the rainforest of Dominica"><img alt="Epiphytes (bromeliads, climbing palms) in the rainforest of Dominica." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Epiphytes_%28Dominica%29.jpg/120px-Epiphytes_%28Dominica%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Epiphytes_%28Dominica%29.jpg/250px-Epiphytes_%28Dominica%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Epiphytes (bromeliads, climbing palms) in the <a href="/wiki/Rainforest" title="Rainforest">rainforest</a> of <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jumping_frog.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A green and black poison frog, Dendrobates auratus"><img alt="A green and black poison frog, Dendrobates auratus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Jumping_frog.jpg/120px-Jumping_frog.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Jumping_frog.jpg/250px-Jumping_frog.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3492" data-file-height="2452" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A green and black poison frog, <i><a href="/wiki/Dendrobates_auratus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dendrobates auratus">Dendrobates auratus</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Caesalpinia_pulcherrima,_Guadeloupe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Guadeloupe"><img alt="Caesalpinia pulcherrima, Guadeloupe." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Caesalpinia_pulcherrima%2C_Guadeloupe.jpg/120px-Caesalpinia_pulcherrima%2C_Guadeloupe.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Caesalpinia_pulcherrima%2C_Guadeloupe.jpg/250px-Caesalpinia_pulcherrima%2C_Guadeloupe.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Caesalpinia_pulcherrima" title="Caesalpinia pulcherrima">Caesalpinia pulcherrima</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Costus_speciosus_Guadeloupe.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Costus speciosus, a marsh plant, Guadeloupe"><img alt="Costus speciosus, a marsh plant, Guadeloupe." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Costus_speciosus_Guadeloupe.JPG/120px-Costus_speciosus_Guadeloupe.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Costus_speciosus_Guadeloupe.JPG/250px-Costus_speciosus_Guadeloupe.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Costus_speciosus" class="mw-redirect" title="Costus speciosus">Costus speciosus</a></i>, a marsh plant, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ocypode_quadrata_(Martinique).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) in Martinique"><img alt="An Atlantic ghost crab (Ocypode quadrata) in Martinique." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ocypode_quadrata_%28Martinique%29.jpg/120px-Ocypode_quadrata_%28Martinique%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ocypode_quadrata_%28Martinique%29.jpg/250px-Ocypode_quadrata_%28Martinique%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="804" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_ghost_crab" title="Atlantic ghost crab">Atlantic ghost crab</a> (<i>Ocypode quadrata</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Calebassier.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Crescentia cujete, or calabash fruit, Martinique"><img alt="Crescentia cujete, or calabash fruit, Martinique." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Calebassier.jpg/120px-Calebassier.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Calebassier.jpg/180px-Calebassier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Calebassier.jpg/240px-Calebassier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Crescentia_cujete" title="Crescentia cujete">Crescentia cujete</a></i>, or calabash fruit, <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thalassoma_bifasciatum_(Bluehead_Wrasse)_juvenile_yellow_stage_over_Bispira_brunnea_(Social_Feather_Duster_Worms).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Thalassoma bifasciatum (bluehead wrasse fish), over Bispira brunnea (social feather duster worms)"><img alt="Thalassoma bifasciatum (bluehead wrasse fish), over Bispira brunnea (social feather duster worms)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thalassoma_bifasciatum_%28Bluehead_Wrasse%29_juvenile_yellow_stage_over_Bispira_brunnea_%28Social_Feather_Duster_Worms%29.jpg/90px-Thalassoma_bifasciatum_%28Bluehead_Wrasse%29_juvenile_yellow_stage_over_Bispira_brunnea_%28Social_Feather_Duster_Worms%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thalassoma_bifasciatum_%28Bluehead_Wrasse%29_juvenile_yellow_stage_over_Bispira_brunnea_%28Social_Feather_Duster_Worms%29.jpg/135px-Thalassoma_bifasciatum_%28Bluehead_Wrasse%29_juvenile_yellow_stage_over_Bispira_brunnea_%28Social_Feather_Duster_Worms%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Thalassoma_bifasciatum_%28Bluehead_Wrasse%29_juvenile_yellow_stage_over_Bispira_brunnea_%28Social_Feather_Duster_Worms%29.jpg/180px-Thalassoma_bifasciatum_%28Bluehead_Wrasse%29_juvenile_yellow_stage_over_Bispira_brunnea_%28Social_Feather_Duster_Worms%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Thalassoma_bifasciatum" title="Thalassoma bifasciatum">Thalassoma bifasciatum</a></i> (bluehead wrasse fish), over <i><a href="/wiki/Bispira_brunnea" title="Bispira brunnea">Bispira brunnea</a></i> (social feather duster worms)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stenopus_hispidus_(Banded_cleaner_shrimp).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two Stenopus hispidus (banded cleaner shrimp) on a Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge)"><img alt="Two Stenopus hispidus (banded cleaner shrimp) on a Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge)." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stenopus_hispidus_%28Banded_cleaner_shrimp%29.jpg/90px-Stenopus_hispidus_%28Banded_cleaner_shrimp%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stenopus_hispidus_%28Banded_cleaner_shrimp%29.jpg/135px-Stenopus_hispidus_%28Banded_cleaner_shrimp%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Stenopus_hispidus_%28Banded_cleaner_shrimp%29.jpg/180px-Stenopus_hispidus_%28Banded_cleaner_shrimp%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1810" data-file-height="2412" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two <i><a href="/wiki/Stenopus_hispidus" title="Stenopus hispidus">Stenopus hispidus</a></i> (banded cleaner shrimp) on a <i><a href="/wiki/Xestospongia_muta" class="mw-redirect" title="Xestospongia muta">Xestospongia muta</a></i> (giant barrel sponge)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cyphoma_signata_(Fingerprint_Cowry)_pair.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A pair of Cyphoma signatum (fingerprint cowry), off coastal Haiti"><img alt="A pair of Cyphoma signatum (fingerprint cowry), off coastal Haiti." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyphoma_signata_%28Fingerprint_Cowry%29_pair.jpg/90px-Cyphoma_signata_%28Fingerprint_Cowry%29_pair.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyphoma_signata_%28Fingerprint_Cowry%29_pair.jpg/135px-Cyphoma_signata_%28Fingerprint_Cowry%29_pair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Cyphoma_signata_%28Fingerprint_Cowry%29_pair.jpg/180px-Cyphoma_signata_%28Fingerprint_Cowry%29_pair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A pair of <i><a href="/wiki/Cyphoma_signatum" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyphoma signatum">Cyphoma signatum</a></i> (fingerprint cowry), off coastal <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Extinctbirds1907_P18_Amazona_martinicana0317.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Martinique amazon (Amazona martinicana), an extinct species of parrot in the family Psittacidae"><img alt="The Martinique amazon (Amazona martinicana), an extinct species of parrot in the family Psittacidae" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Extinctbirds1907_P18_Amazona_martinicana0317.png/120px-Extinctbirds1907_P18_Amazona_martinicana0317.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Extinctbirds1907_P18_Amazona_martinicana0317.png/250px-Extinctbirds1907_P18_Amazona_martinicana0317.png 1.5x" data-file-width="2654" data-file-height="3754" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Martinique_amazon" title="Martinique amazon">Martinique amazon</a> (<i>Amazona martinicana</i>), an extinct species of parrot in the family Psittacidae</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Anastrepha_suspensa_5193019.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Anastrepha suspensa, a Caribbean fruit fly"><img alt="Anastrepha suspensa, a Caribbean fruit fly" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Anastrepha_suspensa_5193019.jpg/120px-Anastrepha_suspensa_5193019.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Anastrepha_suspensa_5193019.jpg/180px-Anastrepha_suspensa_5193019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Anastrepha_suspensa_5193019.jpg/240px-Anastrepha_suspensa_5193019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2082" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Anastrepha_suspensa" title="Anastrepha suspensa">Anastrepha suspensa</a></i>, a Caribbean fruit fly</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hemidactylus_mabouia_(Dominica).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hemidactylus mabouia, a tropical gecko in Dominica"><img alt="Hemidactylus mabouia, a tropical gecko, in Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hemidactylus_mabouia_%28Dominica%29.jpg/120px-Hemidactylus_mabouia_%28Dominica%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Hemidactylus_mabouia_%28Dominica%29.jpg/250px-Hemidactylus_mabouia_%28Dominica%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Hemidactylus_mabouia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemidactylus mabouia">Hemidactylus mabouia</a></i>, a tropical gecko in <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regionalism">Regionalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Regionalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_CARICOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/250px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/330px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Flag_of_CARICOM.svg/500px-Flag_of_CARICOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Common Market and Community (CARICOM)</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Caribbean societies are very different from other Western societies in terms of size, culture, and degree of mobility of their citizens.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current economic and political problems the states face individually are common to all Caribbean states.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Regional development has contributed to attempts to subdue current problems and avoid projected problems. From a political and economic perspective, <a href="/wiki/Regionalism_(international_relations)" title="Regionalism (international relations)">regionalism</a> serves to make Caribbean states active participants in current international affairs through collective coalitions. In 1973, the first political regionalism in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Basin" title="Caribbean Basin">Caribbean Basin</a> was created by advances of the English-speaking Caribbean nations through the institution known as the Caribbean Common Market and Community (<a href="/wiki/CARICOM" class="mw-redirect" title="CARICOM">CARICOM</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is located in Guyana. </p><p>Certain scholars have argued both for and against generalizing the political structures of the Caribbean. On the one hand the Caribbean states are politically diverse, ranging from socialist systems towards more capitalist Westminster-style parliamentary systems. Other scholars argue that these differences are superficial, and that they tend to undermine commonalities in the various Caribbean states. Contemporary Caribbean systems seem to reflect a "blending of traditional and modern patterns, yielding hybrid systems that exhibit significant structural variations and divergent constitutional traditions yet ultimately appear to function in similar ways".<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The political systems of the Caribbean states share similar practices. </p><p>The influence of regionalism in the Caribbean is often marginalized.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Some scholars believe that regionalism cannot exist in the Caribbean because each small state is unique. On the other hand, scholars also suggest that there are commonalities amongst the Caribbean nations that suggest regionalism exists. "Proximity as well as historical ties among the Caribbean nations has led to cooperation as well as a desire for collective action".<sup id="cite_ref-serbin_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-serbin-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These attempts at regionalization reflect the nations' desires to compete in the international economic system.<sup id="cite_ref-serbin_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-serbin-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Furthermore, a lack of interest from other major states promoted regionalism in the region. In recent years, the Caribbean has suffered from a lack of U.S. interest. "With the end of the Cold War, U.S. security and economic interests have been focused on other areas. As a result there has been a significant reduction in U.S. aid and investment to the Caribbean."<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lack of international support for these small, relatively poor states, helped regionalism prosper. </p><p>Following the Cold War another issue of importance in the Caribbean has been the reduced economic growth of some Caribbean States due to the United States and <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a>'s allegations of special treatment toward the region by each other. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (December 2011)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="United_States–European_Union_trade_dispute"><span id="United_States.E2.80.93European_Union_trade_dispute"></span>United States–European Union trade dispute</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United States–European Union trade dispute"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9_Convention" title="Lomé Convention">Lomé Convention</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Lom%C3%A9_Convention" title="Lomé Convention">Lomé Convention</a>, which allowed <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">banana</a> exports from the former colonies of the <a href="/wiki/ACP_countries" class="mw-redirect" title="ACP countries">Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific states</a> (ACP) to enter Europe cheaply, came into effect in 1976.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999, the United States under President <a href="/wiki/Bill_Clinton" title="Bill Clinton">Bill Clinton</a> launched a challenge in the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> against the European Union over Europe's preferential program, known as The World Trade Organization sided in the United States' favour and the beneficial elements of the convention to African, Caribbean and Pacific states have been partially dismantled and replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Cotonou_Agreement" title="Cotonou Agreement">Cotonou Agreement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the US/EU dispute, the United States threatened to impose large tariffs on European Union goods (up to 100%) to pressure Europe to change the agreement with the Caribbean nations in favour of the Cotonou Agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Farmers in the Caribbean have complained of falling profits and rising costs as the Lomé Convention weakens.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some farmers have faced increased pressure to turn towards the cultivation of illegal drugs, which has a higher profit margin and fills the sizable demand for these illegal drugs in North America and Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="African_Union_relations">African Union relations</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: African Union relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many Caribbean nations have sought to deepen ties with the continent of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The African Union-bloc has referred to the Caribbean as the potential "Sixth Region" of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Caribbean states have already moved to join Africa institutions including Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, and the Bahamas which have all became members of the African Export Import Bank.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And the Caribbean Development Bank signing a cooperation strategic partnership agreement with the African Development Bank (AfDB)<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At present Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana, and Suriname are at various stages of establishing direct air flights with Africa to boost person-to-person links and boost trade between both regions. </p><p>The first inter-regional Africa-Caribbean Community (CARICOM) Summit took place in September 2021. In August 2023 the African Union's <a href="/wiki/African_Export%E2%80%93Import_Bank" title="African Export–Import Bank">African Export–Import Bank</a> officially opened its first Caribbean Community office in Barbados beginning the process of integrating willing Caribbean states as the 6th region of the African Union.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://guardian.ng/business-services/afreximbank-opens-caribbean-office-in-barbados/">[1]</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.thestkittsnevisobserver.com/caricom-office-of-afreximbank-bank-open-for-business-in-barbados-with-us1-5-billion-line-of-credit-now-available-to-caricom-states/">[2]</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Caribbean_Financial_Action_Task_Force_and_Association_of_Caribbean_States">Caribbean Financial Action Task Force and Association of Caribbean States</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Caribbean Financial Action Task Force and Association of Caribbean States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Caribbean nations have also started to more closely cooperate in the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Financial_Action_Task_Force" title="Caribbean Financial Action Task Force">Caribbean Financial Action Task Force</a> and other instruments to add oversight of the offshore industry. One of the most important associations that deal with regionalism amongst the nations of the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Basin" title="Caribbean Basin">Caribbean Basin</a> has been the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a> (ACS). Proposed by CARICOM in 1992, the ACS soon won the support of the other countries of the region. It was founded in July 1994. The ACS maintains regionalism within the Caribbean on issues unique to the Caribbean Basin. Through coalition building, like the ACS and CARICOM, regionalism has become an undeniable part of the politics and economics of the Caribbean. The successes of region-building initiatives are still debated by scholars, yet regionalism remains prevalent throughout the Caribbean. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bolivarian_Alliance">Bolivarian Alliance</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bolivarian Alliance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The President of <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Chavez" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo Chavez">Hugo Chavez</a> launched an economic group called the <a href="/wiki/Bolivarian_Alliance_for_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas">Bolivarian Alliance for the Americas</a> (ALBA), which several eastern Caribbean islands joined. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_countries_and_territories">List of countries and territories</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: List of countries and territories"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">List of Caribbean islands</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="border:1px solid #aaa;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ececec;"> <th class="unsortable" style="width:20px"><a href="/wiki/Flag" title="Flag">Flag</a> </th> <th>Country or territory<sup id="cite_ref-spp_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spp-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-epa_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-epa-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About.com_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">Sovereignty</a> </th> <th>Status </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_area" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by area">Area</a><br />(km<sup>2</sup>)<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by population">Population</a><br />(2021 est.)<sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_population_density" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by population density">Density</a><br />(people per km<sup>2</sup>) </th> <th>Capital </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla"><img alt="Anguilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/23px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/35px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Anguilla.svg/46px-Flag_of_Anguilla.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territory</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001910000000000000♠">91</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004157530000000000♠">15,753</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">164.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Valley,_Anguilla" title="The Valley, Anguilla">The Valley</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda"><img alt="Antigua and Barbuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Realm">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002442000000000000♠">442</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004932190000000000♠">93,219</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">199.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="St. John's, Antigua and Barbuda">St. John's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba"><img alt="Aruba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> </td> <td>Constituent kingdom </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002180000000000000♠">180</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005106537000000000♠">106,537</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">594.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Aruba" title="Oranjestad, Aruba">Oranjestad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas"><img alt="The Bahamas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">The Bahamas</a><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Realm">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004139430000000000♠">13,943</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005407906000000000♠">407,906</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">24.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nassau,_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Nassau, Bahamas">Nassau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados"><img alt="Barbados" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/40px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/60px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002430000000000000♠">430</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005287025000000000♠">287,025</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">595.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bridgetown" title="Bridgetown">Bridgetown</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras"><img alt="Honduras" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/40px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Flag_of_Honduras.svg/60px-Flag_of_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands Department</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Honduras" title="Departments of Honduras">Department</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002229000000000000♠">229</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005110000000000000♠">110,000</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">480 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Coxen_Hole" title="Coxen Hole">Coxen Hole</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize"><img alt="Belize" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Belize.svg/46px-Flag_of_Belize.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>Coastal areas of <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Realm">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004229660000000000♠">22,966</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005400031000000000♠">400,031</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.79 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belmopan" title="Belmopan">Belmopan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda"><img alt="Bermuda" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bermuda.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bermuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territory</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001532000000000000♠">53.2</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004639130000000000♠">63,913</span><sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003133800000000000♠">1,338</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Bermuda" title="Hamilton, Bermuda">Hamilton</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire"><img alt="Bonaire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/40px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Flag_of_Bonaire.svg/60px-Flag_of_Bonaire.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_body_(Netherlands)" title="Public body (Netherlands)">Special Municipality</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002294000000000000♠">294</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004201040000000000♠">20,104</span><sup id="cite_ref-nethant_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nethant-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">41.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kralendijk" title="Kralendijk">Kralendijk</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands"><img alt="British Virgin Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territory</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002151000000000000♠">151</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004311220000000000♠">31,122</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">152.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Road_Town" title="Road Town">Road Town</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands"><img alt="Cayman Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territory</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002264000000000000♠">264</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004681360000000000♠">68,136</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">212.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Town,_Cayman_Islands" title="George Town, Cayman Islands">George Town</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba"><img alt="Cuba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005109886000000000♠">109,886</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7007112563720000000♠">11,256,372</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">102.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao"><img alt="Curaçao" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cura%C3%A7ao.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> </td> <td>Constituent kingdom </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002444000000000000♠">444</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005190338000000000♠">190,338</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">317.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Willemstad" title="Willemstad">Willemstad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica"><img alt="Dominica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002751000000000000♠">751</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004724120000000000♠">72,412</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">89.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roseau" title="Roseau">Roseau</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic"><img alt="Dominican Republic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004486710000000000♠">48,671</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7007111178730000000♠">11,117,873</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">207.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Domingo" title="Santo Domingo">Santo Domingo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela"><img alt="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela%27s_Flag.svg/23px-Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela%27s_Flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela%27s_Flag.svg/35px-Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela%27s_Flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela%27s_Flag.svg/45px-Federal_dependencies_of_Venezuela%27s_Flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" title="Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies of Venezuela</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/States_of_Venezuela" title="States of Venezuela">Dependency</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002342000000000000♠">342</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003215500000000000♠">2,155</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">6.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gran_Roque" title="Gran Roque">Gran Roque</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana"><img alt="French Guiana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg/45px-Flag_of_French_Guiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>Coastal areas of <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas department</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004838460000000000♠">83,846</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005297449000000000♠">297,449</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cayenne" title="Cayenne">Cayenne</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada"><img alt="Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Realm">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002344000000000000♠">344</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005124610000000000♠">124,610</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">302.3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/St._George%27s,_Grenada" title="St. George's, Grenada">St. George's</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe"><img alt="Guadeloupe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/40px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg/60px-Unofficial_flag_of_Guadeloupe_%28local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas department</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003162800000000000♠">1,628</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005396051000000000♠">396,051</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">246.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basse-Terre" title="Basse-Terre">Basse-Terre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana"><img alt="Guyana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/40px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Flag_of_Guyana.svg/60px-Flag_of_Guyana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>Coastal areas of <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005214970000000000♠">214,970</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005804567000000000♠">804,567</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.502 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Georgetown,_Guyana" title="Georgetown, Guyana">Georgetown</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti"><img alt="Haiti" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/60px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004277500000000000♠">27,750</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7007114475690000000♠">11,447,569</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">361.5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port-au-Prince" title="Port-au-Prince">Port-au-Prince</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Realm">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004109910000000000♠">10,991</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006282769500000000♠">2,827,695</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">247.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique"><img alt="Martinique" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/23px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/35px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Flag-of-Martinique.svg/45px-Flag-of-Martinique.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_department" class="mw-redirect" title="Overseas department">Overseas department</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003112800000000000♠">1,128</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005368796000000000♠">368,796</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">352.6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fort-de-France" title="Fort-de-France">Fort-de-France</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat"><img alt="Montserrat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/23px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/35px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_Montserrat.svg/46px-Flag_of_Montserrat.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territory</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002102000000000000♠">102</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003441700000000000♠">4,417</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">58.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plymouth,_Montserrat" title="Plymouth, Montserrat">Plymouth</a> (<a href="/wiki/Brades,_Montserrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Brades, Montserrat">Brades</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>/<a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> </td> <td>Territory (uninhabited) </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7000500000000000000♠">5</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="5000000000000000000♠">0</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">0.0 </td> <td>n/a </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Caribbean_Coast_Autonomous_Region" title="North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region">North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region</a> </td> <td>Nicaragua </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004331059800000000♠">33,105.98</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005563088000000000♠">563,088</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">17.01 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bilwi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilwi">Bilwi</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama"><img alt="Panama" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/40px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Flag_of_Panama.svg/60px-Flag_of_Panama.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>Coastal areas of <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003840929999999999♠">8,409.3</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006435126700000000♠">4,351,267</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">150 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Panama_City" title="Panama City">Panama City</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico"><img alt="Puerto Rico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </p> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_(U.S._insular_area)" title="Commonwealth (U.S. insular area)">Commonwealth</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003910000000000000♠">9,100</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006325602800000000♠">3,256,028</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">448.9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Puerto_Rico" title="San Juan, Puerto Rico">San Juan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo"><img alt="Quintana Roo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Quintana_Roo.svg/40px-Flag_of_Quintana_Roo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_Quintana_Roo.svg/60px-Flag_of_Quintana_Roo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_of_Mexico" title="List of states of Mexico">State</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004447052000000000♠">44,705.2</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006185798500000000♠">1,857,985</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">42 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chetumal" title="Chetumal">Chetumal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)"><img alt="Saba (island)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Flag_of_Saba.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_body_(Netherlands)" title="Public body (Netherlands)">Special municipality</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001130000000000000♠">13</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003153700000000000♠">1,537</span><sup id="cite_ref-nethant_74-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nethant-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">118.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Bottom" title="The Bottom">The Bottom</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina"><img alt="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg/23px-Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg/35px-Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg/45px-Flag_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">San Andrés and Providencia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_Colombia" title="Departments of Colombia">Department</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001525000000000000♠">52.5</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004751670000000000♠">75,167</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003143100000000000♠">1,431</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Andr%C3%A9s,_San_Andr%C3%A9s_y_Providencia" title="San Andrés, San Andrés y Providencia">San Andrés</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy"><img alt="Saint Barthélemy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy_%28Local%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001210000000000000♠">21</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003744800000000000♠">7,448</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">354.7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gustavia,_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Gustavia, Saint Barthélemy">Gustavia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis"><img alt="Saint Kitts and Nevis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Realm">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002261000000000000♠">261</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004476060000000000♠">47,606</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">199.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Basseterre" title="Basseterre">Basseterre</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia"><img alt="Saint Lucia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Realm">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002539000000000000♠">539</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005179651000000000♠">179,651</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">319.1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Castries" title="Castries">Castries</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin"><img alt="Collectivity of Saint Martin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas collectivity</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001540000000000000♠">54</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004298200000000000♠">29,820</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">552.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Marigot,_St._Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Marigot, St. Martin">Marigot</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines"><img alt="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Realm" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth Realm">Constitutional monarchy</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002389000000000000♠">389</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005104332000000000♠">104,332</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">280.2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingstown" title="Kingstown">Kingstown</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius"><img alt="Sint Eustatius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Eustatius.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Public_body_(Netherlands)" title="Public body (Netherlands)">Special municipality</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001210000000000000♠">21</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003273900000000000♠">2,739</span><sup id="cite_ref-nethant_74-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nethant-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">130.4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oranjestad,_Sint_Eustatius" title="Oranjestad, Sint Eustatius">Oranjestad</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten"><img alt="Sint Maarten" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> </td> <td>Constituent kingdom </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7001340000000000000♠">34</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004440420000000000♠">44,042</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003117670000000000♠">1,176.7</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philipsburg,_Sint_Maarten" title="Philipsburg, Sint Maarten">Philipsburg</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua"><img alt="Nicaragua" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/23px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/35px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg/46px-Flag_of_Nicaragua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/South_Caribbean_Coast_Autonomous_Region" title="South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region">South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region</a> </td> <td>Nicaragua </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004272600200000000♠">27,260.02</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005434270000000000♠">434,270</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">15.93 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bluefields" title="Bluefields">Bluefields</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname"><img alt="Suriname" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/40px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Flag_of_Suriname.svg/60px-Flag_of_Suriname.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td>Coastal areas of <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005163821000000000♠">163,821</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005612985000000000♠">612,985</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">3.9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramaribo" title="Paramaribo">Paramaribo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago"><img alt="Trinidad and Tobago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/40px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/60px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </td> <td>Independent </td> <td>Republic </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7003513000000000000♠">5,130</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7006152566300000000♠">1,525,663</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">261.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Spain" title="Port of Spain">Port of Spain</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands"><img alt="Turks and Caicos Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Overseas_Territories" title="British Overseas Territories">Overseas territory</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002948000000000000♠">948</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7004451140000000000♠">45,114</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">34.8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cockburn_Town" title="Cockburn Town">Cockburn Town</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands"><img alt="United States Virgin Islands" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="850" /></a></span></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territory</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7002347000000000000♠">347</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005100091000000000♠">100,091</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">317.0 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Amalie,_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands">Charlotte Amalie</a> </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight:bold;" class="sortbottom"> <th colspan="4">Total </th> <td style="text-align:right;"><span data-sort-value="7005235897000000000♠">235,897</span> </td> <td style="text-align:right;">44,636,789 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">189.4 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Life_expectancy">Life expectancy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Life expectancy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_in_the_Americas_by_life_expectancy" title="List of countries in the Americas by life expectancy">List of countries in the Americas by life expectancy</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">Life expectancy</a> in some countries of the Caribbean in 2022, according to estimation of the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank_Group" title="World Bank Group">World Bank Group</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-wbg_total_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbg_total-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1233514072">.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers{counter-reset:rowNumber}.mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers 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tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-right.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before,html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .static-row-numbers.sort-under-center.sortable.wikitable thead tr:only-child::before{padding-bottom:1.4em}}}</style> <table class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers sort-under" style="text-align:right;"> <tbody><tr class="static-row-header" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;"> <th rowspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle;">Countries &<br />territories </th> <th colspan="4">2022 </th> <th colspan="9" style="border-left-width:2px;">Historical data </th> <th rowspan="2" style="border-left-width:2px; text-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap">recovery from</span><br /><a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>:<br />2019→2022 </th></tr> <tr class="static-row-header" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:bottom;"> <th style="vertical-align:middle;width:4em;">All </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle;">Male </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle;">Female </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Difference in life expectancy for female and male">Sex gap</span> </th> <th style="border-left-width:2px; vertical-align:middle; width:4em; padding-left:1em;">2014 </th> <th style="text-align:left;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" /><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change of life expectancy from 2014 to 2019">2014<br />→2019</span> </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2019 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2019<br />→2020 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2020 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2020<br />→2021 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2021 </th> <th style="text-align:left;">2021<br />→2022 </th> <th style="vertical-align:middle; width:3em;">2022 </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">80.55</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">77.50</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">83.66</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.16</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">79.97</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.02</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.98</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.17</td> <td style="text-align:center;">80.15</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.23</td> <td style="text-align:center;">80.38</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.17</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">80.55</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.57 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1275" data-file-height="850" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands (U.S.)</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">80.32</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">77.10</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">83.70</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.60</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">78.87</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.80</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.67</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.15</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.82</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.25</td> <td style="text-align:center;">80.07</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.25</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">80.32</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.65 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/40px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg/60px-Flag_of_Puerto_Rico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">79.72</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">75.58</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">83.90</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">8.32</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">78.93</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.13</td> <td style="text-align:center;">79.06</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.02</td> <td style="text-align:center;">78.04</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">2.12</td> <td style="text-align:center;">80.16</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.44</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">79.72</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.66 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/23px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/35px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg/45px-Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">79.24</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">76.51</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">81.64</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.14</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">77.86</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.83</td> <td style="text-align:center;">78.69</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.15</td> <td style="text-align:center;">78.84</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.34</td> <td style="text-align:center;">78.50</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.74</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">79.24</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.55 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/40px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Flag_of_Cuba.svg/60px-Flag_of_Cuba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">78.16</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">75.79</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">80.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">4.77</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">77.85</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.24</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.61</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.04</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.57</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−3.88</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.68</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">4.47</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">78.16</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/40px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Flag_of_Barbados.svg/60px-Flag_of_Barbados.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">77.71</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">75.68</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">79.58</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">3.90</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">76.48</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.78</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.26</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.14</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.39</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.18</td> <td style="text-align:center;">77.57</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.14</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">77.71</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_British_Virgin_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">76.37</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">73.62</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">79.26</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.63</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">75.61</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.25</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.86</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.01</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.85</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.36</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.49</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.88</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">76.37</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.51 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/23px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/35px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/46px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">75.33</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">72.59</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">78.30</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.71</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">74.98</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.12</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.86</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.06</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.92</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.01</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.94</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.40</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">75.33</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.47 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/23px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/35px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Flag_of_Aruba.svg/45px-Flag_of_Aruba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.99</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">72.14</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.68</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.54</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">75.60</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.65</td> <td style="text-align:center;">76.25</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.53</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.72</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.10</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.63</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.37</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.99</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−1.26 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.92</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">72.17</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.99</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.82</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">77.14</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.81</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.33</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.32</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.00</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.41</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.59</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.34</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.92</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−0.40 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/40px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg/60px-Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.71</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">71.31</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">78.15</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.85</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">74.22</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.01</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.23</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.18</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.41</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.44</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.97</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.74</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.71</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.48 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/23px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/35px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg/45px-Flag_of_Sint_Maarten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.41</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">71.96</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.14</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.18</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">76.77</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.34</td> <td style="text-align:center;">75.44</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.85</td> <td style="text-align:center;">74.58</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.61</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.97</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.44</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.41</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−1.03 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Bahamas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.36</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">70.76</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.84</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">7.09</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">73.37</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.16</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.20</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.47</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.68</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.08</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.60</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">2.76</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.36</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">3.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.17</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">71.04</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">77.54</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.49</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.87</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.71</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.58</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.69</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.89</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.27</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.61</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.56</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">74.17</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.59 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Flag_of_Dominica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Dominica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">72.98</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">69.88</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">76.45</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.58</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">69.43</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">4.12</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.56</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.09</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.65</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.84</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.81</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.17</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">72.98</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−0.58 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/23px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/35px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg/45px-Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">St. Kitts and Nevis</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">72.03</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">68.68</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">75.67</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.98</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">70.97</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.61</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.57</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.05</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.63</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.06</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.68</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.34</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">72.03</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:darkgreen;">0.45 </td></tr> <tr class="static-row-header"> <td align="center"><b>World</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;"><b>72.00</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;"><b>69.60</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;"><b>74.53</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;"><b>4.93</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;"><b>71.88</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;"><b>1.10</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>72.98</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;"><b>−0.74</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>72.24</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;"><b>−0.92</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;"><b>71.33</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;"><b>0.67</b></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;"><b>72.00</b></td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;"><b>−0.98</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; padding-left: 35px;">Caribbean small states</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.63</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">68.84</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">74.50</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.66</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.68</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.16</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.52</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.06</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.58</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.58</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.00</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.63</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.63</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−0.89 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saint_Lucia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">St. Lucia</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.29</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">68.00</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">74.89</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">6.88</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.86</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.58</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.44</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.03</td> <td style="text-align:center;">73.42</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.30</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.11</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.18</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">71.29</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−2.15 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/40px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/60px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.63</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">68.53</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">72.74</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">4.20</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">72.98</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.22</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.77</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.10</td> <td style="text-align:center;">71.87</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.37</td> <td style="text-align:center;">70.50</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.13</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">70.63</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−1.14 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/40px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg/60px-Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">St. Vincent and the Grenadines</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">68.97</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">66.69</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">71.73</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.04</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">74.47</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−1.64</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.83</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.71</td> <td style="text-align:center;">72.13</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−2.50</td> <td style="text-align:center;">69.63</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.66</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">68.97</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−3.86 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/40px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Flag_of_Haiti.svg/60px-Flag_of_Haiti.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">63.73</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;">60.89</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;">66.69</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;">5.80</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;">62.99</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">1.27</td> <td style="text-align:center;">64.25</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.20</td> <td style="text-align:center;">64.05</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:crimson;">−0.86</td> <td style="text-align:center;">63.19</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; color:darkgreen;">0.54</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;">63.73</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px; color:crimson;">−0.53 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span class="flagicon" style="display:inline-block;width:25px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Cayman_Islands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#eaf3ff;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fee7f6;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#fff8dc;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="text-align:center; border-left-width:2px; padding-left:1em;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="background:#fffae0;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="text-align:center;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="background:#fffae0;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="text-align:center;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="background:#fffae0;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="text-align:center;">82.01</td> <td style="background:#fffae0;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#e0ffd8;color:silver;">—</td> <td style="background:#fffae0; border-left-width:2px;color:silver;">— </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Life_expectancy_map_-Caribbean_-2019_-with_names.png/500px-Life_expectancy_map_-Caribbean_-2019_-with_names.png 1.5x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1800" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:245px;max-width:245px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:145px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Life_expectancy_map_-Caribbean_-2020_-with_names.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Life_expectancy_map_-Caribbean_-2020_-with_names.png/243px-Life_expectancy_map_-Caribbean_-2020_-with_names.png" decoding="async" width="243" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Life_expectancy_map_-Caribbean_-2020_-with_names.png/365px-Life_expectancy_map_-Caribbean_-2020_-with_names.png 1.5x, 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class="trow" style="display:flow-root"><div class="thumbcaption" style="text-align:center">Change in life expectancy in the Caribbean from 2019 to 2021<sup id="cite_ref-wbg_total_77-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wbg_total-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indigenous_groups">Indigenous groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Indigenous groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Caribbean" title="Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean">Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arawak_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Arawak peoples">Arawak peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igneri" title="Igneri">Igneri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Taíno people">Taíno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caquetio_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Caquetio people">Caquetio people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciboney" title="Ciboney">Ciboney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ta%C3%ADno_nations#Ciguayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Taíno nations">Ciguayo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garifuna_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Garifuna people">Garifuna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalina_people" title="Kalina people">Kalina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Island_Caribs" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Caribs">Kalinago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucayan_people" title="Lucayan people">Lucayan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Ta%C3%ADno_nations#Macorix" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Taíno nations">Macorix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raizal" title="Raizal">Raizal</a></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agostino_Brunias_-_Linen_Market,_Dominica_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Agostino_Brunias_-_Linen_Market%2C_Dominica_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Agostino_Brunias_-_Linen_Market%2C_Dominica_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Agostino_Brunias_-_Linen_Market%2C_Dominica_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Agostino_Brunias_-_Linen_Market%2C_Dominica_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Agostino_Brunias_-_Linen_Market%2C_Dominica_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/500px-Agostino_Brunias_-_Linen_Market%2C_Dominica_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3520" data-file-height="2551" /></a><figcaption>A linen market in <a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a> in the 1770s</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Agostino_Brunias._Free_Women_of_Color_with_Their_Children_and_Servants_in_a_Landscape,_ca._1770-1796.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Agostino_Brunias._Free_Women_of_Color_with_Their_Children_and_Servants_in_a_Landscape%2C_ca._1770-1796.jpg/250px-Agostino_Brunias._Free_Women_of_Color_with_Their_Children_and_Servants_in_a_Landscape%2C_ca._1770-1796.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Agostino_Brunias._Free_Women_of_Color_with_Their_Children_and_Servants_in_a_Landscape%2C_ca._1770-1796.jpg/330px-Agostino_Brunias._Free_Women_of_Color_with_Their_Children_and_Servants_in_a_Landscape%2C_ca._1770-1796.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Agostino_Brunias._Free_Women_of_Color_with_Their_Children_and_Servants_in_a_Landscape%2C_ca._1770-1796.jpg/500px-Agostino_Brunias._Free_Women_of_Color_with_Their_Children_and_Servants_in_a_Landscape%2C_ca._1770-1796.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="1208" /></a><figcaption>Agostino Brunias. <i>Free Women of Color with Their Children and Servants in a Landscape</i>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Museum" title="Brooklyn Museum">Brooklyn Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:East_Indian_Coolies_in_Trinidad_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16035.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/East_Indian_Coolies_in_Trinidad_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16035.jpg/250px-East_Indian_Coolies_in_Trinidad_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16035.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/East_Indian_Coolies_in_Trinidad_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16035.jpg/330px-East_Indian_Coolies_in_Trinidad_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16035.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/East_Indian_Coolies_in_Trinidad_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16035.jpg/500px-East_Indian_Coolies_in_Trinidad_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_16035.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1621" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Indo-Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Trinidadian and Tobagonian">Asian Indians</a> in the late nineteenth century singing and dancing in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Matanzas_street_scene_2011-07-21_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Matanzas_street_scene_2011-07-21_Flickr.jpg/250px-Matanzas_street_scene_2011-07-21_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Matanzas_street_scene_2011-07-21_Flickr.jpg/330px-Matanzas_street_scene_2011-07-21_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Matanzas_street_scene_2011-07-21_Flickr.jpg/500px-Matanzas_street_scene_2011-07-21_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Street scene, <a href="/wiki/Matanzas" title="Matanzas">Matanzas</a>, Cuba</figcaption></figure> <p>At the time of <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European contact</a>, the dominant ethnic groups in the Caribbean included the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a> and northern <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Island_Caribs" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Caribs">Island Caribs</a> of the southern Lesser Antilles, and smaller distinct groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Guanajatabey" class="mw-redirect" title="Guanajatabey">Guanajatabey</a> of western Cuba and the <a href="/wiki/Ciguayo" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciguayo">Ciguayo</a> of eastern Hispaniola. The population of the Caribbean is estimated to have been around 750,000 immediately before European contact, although lower and higher figures are given. After contact, social disruption and epidemic diseases such as smallpox and measles (to which they had no natural immunity)<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led to a decline in the Amerindian population.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> such as the <a href="/wiki/Kongo_people" title="Kongo people">Kongo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Igbo_people" title="Igbo people">Igbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Akan_people" title="Akan people">Akan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fon_people" title="Fon people">Fon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_people" title="Yoruba people">Yoruba</a> as well as military prisoners from <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, who were deported during the Cromwellian reign in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Immigrants from <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> also arrived, although the mortality rate was high for both groups.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The population is estimated to have reached 2.2 million by 1800.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Immigrants from <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, and other countries arrived in the mid-19th century as indentured servants.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the ending of the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>, the population increased naturally.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total regional population was estimated at 37.5 million by 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-p2000_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p2000-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> and most of the <a href="/wiki/French_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="French Caribbean">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglophone_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglophone Caribbean">Anglophone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch West Indies">Dutch Caribbean</a>, the population is predominantly of <a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Caribbean">African</a> origin; on many islands there are also significant populations of mixed racial origin (including <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a>-<a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dougla" class="mw-redirect" title="Dougla">Dougla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quadroon" title="Quadroon">Quadroon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cholo" title="Cholo">Cholo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castizo" title="Castizo">Castizo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo">Zambo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pardo" title="Pardo">Pardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asian_Latin_Americans" title="Asian Latin Americans">Asian Latin Americans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chindian">Chindian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_panyols" title="Cocoa panyols">Cocoa panyols</a>, and Eurasian), as well as populations of European ancestry: <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/English_people" title="English people">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian people">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a> ancestry. <a href="/wiki/Asians" class="mw-redirect" title="Asians">Asians</a>, especially those of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Caribbean">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbean">Indian</a> descent, and <a href="/wiki/Javanese_people" title="Javanese people">Javanese</a> <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Indonesian people">Indonesians</a>, form a significant minority in parts of the region. <a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbean">Indians</a> form a plurality of the population in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a>. Most of their ancestors arrived in the 19th century as indentured laborers. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Caribbean">Spanish-speaking Caribbean</a> populations are primarily of <a href="/wiki/White_Latin_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White Latin American">European</a>, African, or racially mixed origins. <a href="/wiki/Cubans" title="Cubans">Cuba</a> has a European majority, along with a significant population of African ancestry. Puerto Rico has a mixed race majority with a mixture of European-African-Native American (tri-racial), and a large White and West African (black) minority. The Dominican Republic has the largest mixed-race population, primarily descended from Europeans, <a href="/wiki/West_African" class="mw-redirect" title="West African">West Africans</a>, and Amerindians. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Revellers_Wine_at_Trinidad_Carnival.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Revellers_Wine_at_Trinidad_Carnival.jpg/250px-Revellers_Wine_at_Trinidad_Carnival.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Revellers_Wine_at_Trinidad_Carnival.jpg/330px-Revellers_Wine_at_Trinidad_Carnival.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Revellers_Wine_at_Trinidad_Carnival.jpg/500px-Revellers_Wine_at_Trinidad_Carnival.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago</figcaption></figure> <p>The majority of <a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a> is of West African origin, in addition to a significant population of mixed racial background, and has minorities of <a href="/wiki/Chinese_people" title="Chinese people">Chinese</a>, Europeans, <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latinos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Arab" class="mw-redirect" title="Arab">Arabs</a>. This is a result of years of importation of slaves and indentured laborers, and migration. Most multi-racial Jamaicans refer to themselves as either mixed race or brown. Similar populations can be found in the <a href="/wiki/Caricom" class="mw-redirect" title="Caricom">Caricom</a> states of <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a>. <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a> has a multi-racial cosmopolitan society due to the arrivals of <a href="/wiki/Afro-Trinidadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-Trinidadian">Africans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indo-Trinidadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Trinidadian">Indians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Trinidadian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese Trinidadian">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latin_Americans" title="Latin Americans">Latinos</a>, and <a href="/wiki/White_Trinidadian" class="mw-redirect" title="White Trinidadian">Europeans</a> along with the <a href="/wiki/Amerindians" class="mw-redirect" title="Amerindians">native indigenous Amerindians</a> population. This multi-racial mix of the Caribbean has created sub-ethnicities that often straddle the boundaries of major ethnicities and include <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a>-<a href="/wiki/Creole_peoples" title="Creole peoples">Creole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pardo" title="Pardo">Pardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo">Zambo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dougla" class="mw-redirect" title="Dougla">Dougla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chindian" class="mw-redirect" title="Chindian">Chindian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afro-Asians" title="Afro-Asians">Afro-Asians</a>, Eurasian, <a href="/wiki/Cocoa_panyols" title="Cocoa panyols">Cocoa panyols</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Asian_Latin_Americans" title="Asian Latin Americans">Asian Latinos</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Language">Language</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Language"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caribbean" title="Languages of the Caribbean">Languages of the Caribbean</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Spanish" title="Caribbean Spanish">Spanish</a> (64%), <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> (25%), <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_English" title="Caribbean English">English</a> (14%), <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Creole" title="Haitian Creole">Haitian Creole</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Papiamento" title="Papiamento">Papiamento</a> are the predominant official languages of various countries in the region. However, virtually every Caribbean country has a distinct <a href="/wiki/Creole_language" title="Creole language">creole language</a> or dialect that often serves as its <a href="/wiki/Vernacular_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Vernacular language">vernacular language</a>. Most of these do not enjoy official status, with the aforementioned Haitian Creole and Papiamento being notable exceptions. Other languages such as <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Hindustani" title="Caribbean Hindustani">Caribbean Hindustani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Javanese_language" title="Javanese language">Javanese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabic" title="Arabic">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hmong_language" title="Hmong language">Hmong</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Amerindian languages</a>, other <a href="/wiki/African_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="African languages">African languages</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">European languages</a>, and other <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_India" title="Languages of India">Indian languages</a> can also be found. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_Caribbean" title="Category:Religion in the Caribbean">Religion in the Caribbean</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kathedrale_Havanna_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kathedrale_Havanna_001.jpg/250px-Kathedrale_Havanna_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kathedrale_Havanna_001.jpg/330px-Kathedrale_Havanna_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kathedrale_Havanna_001.jpg/500px-Kathedrale_Havanna_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3503" data-file-height="2662" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Havana_Cathedral" title="Havana Cathedral">Havana Cathedral</a> (Catholic) in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a> completed in 1777</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TnT_PoS_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity_(back_view).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/TnT_PoS_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity_%28back_view%29.jpg/220px-TnT_PoS_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity_%28back_view%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/TnT_PoS_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity_%28back_view%29.jpg/330px-TnT_PoS_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity_%28back_view%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/TnT_PoS_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity_%28back_view%29.jpg/440px-TnT_PoS_Cathedral_of_the_Holy_Trinity_%28back_view%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Cathedral,_Port_of_Spain" title="Holy Trinity Cathedral, Port of Spain">Holy Trinity Cathedral</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christian</a> <a href="/wiki/Cathedral" title="Cathedral">cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterloo_Temple,_Trinidad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Waterloo_Temple%2C_Trinidad.jpg/220px-Waterloo_Temple%2C_Trinidad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Waterloo_Temple%2C_Trinidad.jpg/330px-Waterloo_Temple%2C_Trinidad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Waterloo_Temple%2C_Trinidad.jpg/440px-Waterloo_Temple%2C_Trinidad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4128" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_the_Sea" title="Temple in the Sea">Temple in the Sea</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Hindu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindu">Hindu</a> <a href="/wiki/Mandir" class="mw-redirect" title="Mandir">mandir</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TnT_St._Joseph_Mohammed_Ali_Jinnah_Memorial_Mosque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/TnT_St._Joseph_Mohammed_Ali_Jinnah_Memorial_Mosque.jpg/220px-TnT_St._Joseph_Mohammed_Ali_Jinnah_Memorial_Mosque.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/TnT_St._Joseph_Mohammed_Ali_Jinnah_Memorial_Mosque.jpg/330px-TnT_St._Joseph_Mohammed_Ali_Jinnah_Memorial_Mosque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/TnT_St._Joseph_Mohammed_Ali_Jinnah_Memorial_Mosque.jpg/440px-TnT_St._Joseph_Mohammed_Ali_Jinnah_Memorial_Mosque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah" title="Muhammad Ali Jinnah">Muhammad Ali Jinnah</a> Memorial Masjid, a <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> <a href="/wiki/Mosque" title="Mosque">masjid</a> in <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KITLV_-_12680_-_Dutch_Israelite_synagogue_in_Paramaribo_-_circa_1890.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/KITLV_-_12680_-_Dutch_Israelite_synagogue_in_Paramaribo_-_circa_1890.tif/lossy-page1-220px-KITLV_-_12680_-_Dutch_Israelite_synagogue_in_Paramaribo_-_circa_1890.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/KITLV_-_12680_-_Dutch_Israelite_synagogue_in_Paramaribo_-_circa_1890.tif/lossy-page1-330px-KITLV_-_12680_-_Dutch_Israelite_synagogue_in_Paramaribo_-_circa_1890.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/KITLV_-_12680_-_Dutch_Israelite_synagogue_in_Paramaribo_-_circa_1890.tif/lossy-page1-440px-KITLV_-_12680_-_Dutch_Israelite_synagogue_in_Paramaribo_-_circa_1890.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2362" data-file-height="1823" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> <a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">synagogue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Haitian_vodou_altar_to_Petwo,_Rada,_and_Gede_spirits;_November_5,_2010..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Haitian_vodou_altar_to_Petwo%2C_Rada%2C_and_Gede_spirits%3B_November_5%2C_2010..jpg/250px-Haitian_vodou_altar_to_Petwo%2C_Rada%2C_and_Gede_spirits%3B_November_5%2C_2010..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Haitian_vodou_altar_to_Petwo%2C_Rada%2C_and_Gede_spirits%3B_November_5%2C_2010..jpg/330px-Haitian_vodou_altar_to_Petwo%2C_Rada%2C_and_Gede_spirits%3B_November_5%2C_2010..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Haitian_vodou_altar_to_Petwo%2C_Rada%2C_and_Gede_spirits%3B_November_5%2C_2010..jpg/500px-Haitian_vodou_altar_to_Petwo%2C_Rada%2C_and_Gede_spirits%3B_November_5%2C_2010..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3640" data-file-height="2476" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a> altar</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> is the predominant religion in the Caribbean (84.7%).<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other religions in the region are <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_West_Indies" title="Hinduism in the West Indies">Hinduism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chinese_folk_religion" title="Chinese folk religion">Chinese folk religion</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Taoism" title="Taoism">Taoism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Confucianism" title="Confucianism">Confucianism</a>), <a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_Faith" title="Baháʼí Faith">Baháʼí</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jainism" title="Jainism">Jainism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kebatinan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kebatinan">Kebatinan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">Traditional African religions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yoruba_religion" title="Yoruba religion">Yoruba</a> (incl. <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_Orisha" title="Trinidad Orisha">Trinidad Orisha</a>), <a href="/wiki/Afro-American_religions" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-American religions">Afro-American religions</a>, (incl. <a href="/wiki/Santer%C3%ADa" title="Santería">Santería</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palo_(religion)" title="Palo (religion)">Palo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Umbanda" title="Umbanda">Umbanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brujer%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Brujería">Brujería</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hoodoo_(folk_magic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoodoo (folk magic)">Hoodoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quimbanda" title="Quimbanda">Quimbanda</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orisha" title="Orisha">Orisha</a>, Xangô de Recife, Xangô do Nordeste, Comfa, <a href="/wiki/Espiritismo" title="Espiritismo">Espiritismo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santo_Daime" title="Santo Daime">Santo Daime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Candombl%C3%A9" title="Candomblé">Candomblé</a>, <a href="/wiki/Abaku%C3%A1" title="Abakuá">Abakuá</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Winti" title="Winti">Winti</a>, Sanse, <a href="/wiki/Cuban_Vod%C3%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban Vodú">Cuban Vodú</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Vud%C3%BA" title="Dominican Vudú">Dominican Vudú</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Voodoo" title="Louisiana Voodoo">Louisiana Voodoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Vodou" title="Haitian Vodou">Haitian Vodou</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_African_Vodun" class="mw-redirect" title="West African Vodun">Vodun</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Caribbean" title="Culture of the Caribbean">Culture of the Caribbean</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Caribbean cuisine</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Favourite_or_national_dishes">Favourite or national dishes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Favourite or national dishes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444" /><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Caribbean" title="Special:EditPage/Caribbean">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FOOD_Doubles_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/FOOD_Doubles_2.jpg/250px-FOOD_Doubles_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/FOOD_Doubles_2.jpg/330px-FOOD_Doubles_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/FOOD_Doubles_2.jpg/500px-FOOD_Doubles_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">Doubles</a>, one of the national dishes of <a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arroz_con_gandules.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arroz_con_gandules.jpg/220px-Arroz_con_gandules.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arroz_con_gandules.jpg/330px-Arroz_con_gandules.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Arroz_con_gandules.jpg/440px-Arroz_con_gandules.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arroz_con_gandules" title="Arroz con gandules">Arroz con gandules</a>, one of the national dishes of <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a> – rice, peas and fish</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda_cuisine" title="Antigua and Barbuda cuisine">Antigua and Barbuda</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fungee" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungee">fungee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guyana_pepperpot" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyana pepperpot">pepperpot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahamas">Bahamas</a> – <a href="/wiki/Guava_duff" class="mw-redirect" title="Guava duff">Guava duff</a>, Conch Salad, Peas n' Rice, and <a href="/wiki/Conch_fritter" title="Conch fritter">conch fritters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cou-cou" title="Cou-cou">cou-cou</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flying_fish" title="Flying fish">flying fish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a> – rice and beans, stew chicken with potato salad; white rice, stew beans and fry fish with cole slaw</li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a> – fish and <a href="/wiki/Fungee" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungee">fungee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a> – turtle stew, turtle steak, <a href="/wiki/Grouper" title="Grouper">grouper</a>, conch stew, Cayman-style beef with rice and beans, cassava cake</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colombian_cuisine" title="Colombian cuisine">Colombian</a> Caribbean – rice with coconut milk, <a href="/wiki/Arroz_con_pollo" title="Arroz con pollo">arroz con pollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sancocho" title="Sancocho">sancocho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab_cuisine" title="Arab cuisine">Arab cuisine</a> (due to the large Arab population)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_cuisine" title="Cuban cuisine">Cuba</a> – <a href="/wiki/Platillo_Moros_y_Cristianos" class="mw-redirect" title="Platillo Moros y Cristianos">platillo Moros y Cristianos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ropa_vieja" title="Ropa vieja">ropa vieja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lechon" class="mw-redirect" title="Lechon">lechon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantain_(cooking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain (cooking)">maduros</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ajiaco" title="Ajiaco">ajiaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica_cuisine" title="Dominica cuisine">Dominica</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mountain_chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain chicken">mountain chicken</a>, rice and peas, dumplings, saltfish, dashin, bakes (fried dumplings), coconut confiture, curry goat, cassava <a href="/wiki/Farine" class="mw-redirect" title="Farine">farine</a>, oxtail</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic_cuisine" title="Dominican Republic cuisine">Dominican Republic</a> – <a href="/wiki/Arroz_con_pollo" title="Arroz con pollo">arroz con pollo</a> with stewed red <a href="/wiki/Kidney_bean" title="Kidney bean">kidney beans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pan_fry" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan fry">pan fried</a> or <a href="/wiki/Braised" class="mw-redirect" title="Braised">braised</a> beef, salad/ ensalada de coditos, <a href="/wiki/Empanadas" class="mw-redirect" title="Empanadas">empanadas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mang%C3%BA_(dish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mangú (dish)">mangú</a>, sancocho</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenadan_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Grenadan cuisine">Grenada</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oil_down" title="Oil down">oil down</a>, Roti and rice & chicken</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guyana_pepperpot" class="mw-redirect" title="Guyana pepperpot">pepperpot</a>, cook-up rice, metemgee, <a href="/wiki/Pholourie" title="Pholourie">pholourie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haitian_cuisine" title="Haitian cuisine">Haiti</a> – griot (fried pork) served with du riz a pois or diri ak pwa (<a href="/wiki/Rice_and_beans" title="Rice and beans">rice and beans</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_cuisine" title="Jamaican cuisine">Jamaica</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ackee_and_saltfish" title="Ackee and saltfish">ackee and saltfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callaloo" title="Callaloo">callaloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jerk_chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerk chicken">jerk chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curry_chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Curry chicken">curry chicken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a> – <a href="/wiki/Goat_water" title="Goat water">Goat water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_cuisine" title="Puerto Rican cuisine">Puerto Rico</a> – yellow rice with green <a href="/wiki/Pigeon_pea" title="Pigeon pea">pigeon peas</a>, saltfish stew, roasted pork shoulder, Puerto Rican style pasteles (root vegetable meat patties), chicken fricassée, <a href="/wiki/Pasteles" title="Pasteles">pasteles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mofongo" title="Mofongo">mofongo</a>, tripe soup, <a href="/wiki/Tostones" title="Tostones">tostones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alcapurria" title="Alcapurria">alcapurria</a>, codfish fritters, coconut custard, rice pudding, guava turnovers, Mallorca bread</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Goat_water" title="Goat water">goat water</a>, coconut dumplings, spicy <a href="/wiki/Plantain_(cooking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantain (cooking)">plantain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saltfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltfish">saltfish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucian_cuisine" title="Saint Lucian cuisine">Saint Lucia</a> – <a href="/wiki/Callaloo" title="Callaloo">callaloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dal" title="Dal">dal</a> <a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dried_and_salted_cod" title="Dried and salted cod">dried and salted cod</a>, green <a href="/wiki/Banana" title="Banana">bananas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rice_and_beans" title="Rice and beans">rice and beans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a> – roasted <a href="/wiki/Breadfruit" title="Breadfruit">breadfruit</a> and fried jackfish</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> – brown beans and rice, <a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a> and <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peanut_soup" title="Peanut soup">peanut soup</a>, battered <a href="/wiki/Fried_plantain" title="Fried plantain">fried plantain</a> with <a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">peanut sauce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nasi_goreng" title="Nasi goreng">nasi goreng</a>, moksi-alesi, <a href="/wiki/Vada_(food)" title="Vada (food)">bara</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pom_(dish)" title="Pom (dish)">pom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago_cuisine" title="Trinidad and Tobago cuisine">Trinidad and Tobago</a> – <a href="/wiki/Doubles_(food)" title="Doubles (food)">doubles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Curry" title="Curry">curry</a> with <a href="/wiki/Roti" title="Roti">roti</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dal_bhat" title="Dal bhat">dal bhat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aloo_pie" title="Aloo pie">aloo pie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pholourie" title="Pholourie">phulourie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Callaloo" title="Callaloo">callaloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bake_and_Shark" class="mw-redirect" title="Bake and Shark">bake and shark</a>, curry crab and dumpling</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Virgin_Islands" title="United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a> – stewed goat, oxtail or beef, seafood, <a href="/wiki/Callaloo" title="Callaloo">callaloo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cou-cou" title="Cou-cou">fungee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezuelan_cuisine" title="Venezuelan cuisine">Venezuela</a> Caribbean – fried fish with salad and rise, <a href="/wiki/Tostones" title="Tostones">tostones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sancocho" title="Sancocho">sancocho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Patacon" class="mw-redirect" title="Patacon">patacon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pabell%C3%B3n_criollo" title="Pabellón criollo">pabellon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Sport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Caribbean#Sport" title="Culture of the Caribbean">Culture of the Caribbean § Sport</a>.<span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_the_Caribbean&action=edit#Sport">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><div class="excerpt"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG/250px-Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG" decoding="async" width="164" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG/330px-Jugando_la_Plaquita.JPG 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="717" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Plaquita" title="Plaquita">Plaquita</a>, a Dominican street version of cricket. The Dominican Republic was first introduced to cricket through mid-18th century British contact,<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but switched to baseball after the <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_the_Dominican_Republic_(1916%E2%80%931924)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of the Dominican Republic (1916–1924)">1916 American occupation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Cricket is a very popular sport in the countries and dependencies that formed the <a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies" title="British West Indies">British West Indies</a>. The <a href="/wiki/West_Indies_cricket_team" title="West Indies cricket team">West Indies cricket team</a> competes in <a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test matches</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day Internationals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20 Internationals</a>. The West Indies' major domestic competitions are the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Four_Day_Competition" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Four Day Competition">Regional Four Day Competition</a> (<a href="/wiki/First-class_cricket" title="First-class cricket">first-class</a>) and the <a href="/wiki/Regional_Super50" class="mw-redirect" title="Regional Super50">Regional Super50</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_A" class="mw-redirect" title="List A">List A</a> one-day) and more recently the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Premier_League" title="Caribbean Premier League">Caribbean Premier League</a> (<a href="/wiki/Twenty20" title="Twenty20">Twenty20</a>). </p><p>The regional football governing body is the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Football_Union" title="Caribbean Football Union">Caribbean Football Union</a>. National teams have competed in the <a href="/wiki/CFU_Championship" title="CFU Championship">CFU Championship</a> from 1978 to 1988 and the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Cup" title="Caribbean Cup">Caribbean Cup</a> since 1989. The top 4 teams in the tournament qualify for the <a href="/wiki/CONCACAF_Gold_Cup" title="CONCACAF Gold Cup">CONCACAF Gold Cup</a>. Cuba qualified to the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> in 1938, Haiti in 1974, Jamaica in 1998 and Trinidad and Tobago in 2006. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/CFU_Club_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="CFU Club Championship">CFU Club Championship</a> is the regional tournament for football clubs. The winner qualified for the <a href="/wiki/CONCACAF_Champions%27_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="CONCACAF Champions' Cup">CONCACAF Champions' Cup</a> from 1997 until 2008. Since 2008–09, the top 3 clubs qualify for a preliminary round of the <a href="/wiki/CONCACAF_Champions_League" class="mw-redirect" title="CONCACAF Champions League">CONCACAF Champions League</a>. </p> However, the most popular sport in <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> is <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Series" title="Caribbean Series">Caribbean Series</a>, held since 1949, features the national champions from the top Caribbean leagues. The Cuba national team has claimed the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_World_Cup" title="Baseball World Cup">Baseball World Cup</a> 25 times, whereas the Dominican Republic won the 2013 <a href="/wiki/World_Baseball_Classic" title="World Baseball Classic">World Baseball Classic</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_Pan_American_Games" title="Baseball at the Pan American Games">Pan American Games</a>, Cuba has won 12 editions and Dominican Republic once, whereas Puerto Rico earned the silver medal twice. In the <a href="/wiki/Baseball_at_the_Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Baseball at the Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a>, Cuba has won 15 gold medals, whereas Dominican Republic has won three and Puerto Rico two. Several Caribbean players have joined the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>: in the 2014 there were 82 Dominicans, 19 Cubans and 11 Puerto Ricans. Notable Caribbean players are <a href="/wiki/Juan_Marichal" title="Juan Marichal">Juan Marichal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Pedro Martínez">Pedro Martínez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Clemente" title="Roberto Clemente">Roberto Clemente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlando_Cepeda" title="Orlando Cepeda">Orlando Cepeda</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Alomar" title="Roberto Alomar">Roberto Alomar</a>.</div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regional_institutions">Regional institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Regional institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Here are some of the bodies that several islands share in collaboration: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African,_Caribbean_and_Pacific_Group_of_States" class="mw-redirect" title="African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States">African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a> (ACS), Trinidad and Tobago</li> <li>Caribbean Association of Industry and Commerce (CAIC), Trinidad and Tobago</li> <li>Caribbean Association of National Telecommunication Organizations (CANTO), Trinidad and Tobago<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a> (CARICOM), Guyana</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a> (CDB), Barbados</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Disaster_Emergency_Management_Agency" title="Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency">Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency</a> (CDERA), Barbados</li> <li>Caribbean Educators Network<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Caribbean Electric Utility Services Corporation (CARILEC), Saint Lucia<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean_Environment_Programme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caribbean Environment Programme (page does not exist)">Caribbean Environment Programme</a> (CEP), UN Environment Programme–administered <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Environment_Programme#The_Regional_Seas_Programme" title="United Nations Environment Programme">Regional Seas Programme</a>, secretariat located in Kingston, Jamaica<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Examinations_Council" title="Caribbean Examinations Council">Caribbean Examinations Council</a> (CXC), Barbados and Jamaica</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Financial_Action_Task_Force" title="Caribbean Financial Action Task Force">Caribbean Financial Action Task Force</a> (CFATF), Trinidad and Tobago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Food_Crops_Society" title="Caribbean Food Crops Society">Caribbean Food Crops Society</a>, Puerto Rico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Football_Union" title="Caribbean Football Union">Caribbean Football Union</a> (CFU), Jamaica</li> <li>Caribbean Hotel & Tourism Association (CHTA), Florida and Puerto Rico<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Initiative" title="Caribbean Initiative">Caribbean Initiative</a> (Initiative of the IUCN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Programme_for_Economic_Competitiveness" title="Caribbean Programme for Economic Competitiveness">Caribbean Programme for Economic Competitiveness</a> (CPEC), Saint Lucia</li> <li>Caribbean Regional Environmental Programme (CREP), Barbados<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Caribbean Regional Fisheries Mechanism (CRFM), Belize<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Caribbean Regional Negotiating Machinery (CRNM), Barbados and Dominican Republic<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Caribbean Telecommunications Union (CTU), Trinidad and Tobago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Tourism_Organization" title="Caribbean Tourism Organization">Caribbean Tourism Organization</a> (CTO), Barbados</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Latin_American_and_Caribbean_States" title="Community of Latin American and Caribbean States">Community of Latin American and Caribbean States</a> (CELAC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_the_Development_of_Caribbean_Children" title="Foundation for the Development of Caribbean Children">Foundation for the Development of Caribbean Children</a>, Barbados</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_Caribbean_Network_Information_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre">Latin America and Caribbean Network Information Centre</a> (LACNIC), Brazil and <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_American_Economic_System" title="Latin American Economic System">Latin American and the Caribbean Economic System</a>, Venezuela</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a> (OECS), Saint Lucia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Economic_Commission_for_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean">United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean</a> (ECLAC), <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> and Trinidad and Tobago</li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_the_West_Indies" title="University of the West Indies">University of the West Indies</a>, Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados, and Antigua & Barbuda.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the fourth campus, the Open Campus was formed in June 2008 as a result of an amalgamation of the Board for Non-Campus Countries and Distance Education, Schools of Continuing Studies, the UWI Distance Education Centres and Tertiary Level Units. The Open Campus has 42 physical sites in 16 Anglophone Caribbean countries.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies_Cricket_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="West Indies Cricket Board">West Indies Cricket Board</a>, Antigua and Barbuda<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/40px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/60px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png/120px-Relief_Map_of_Caribbean.png 2x" data-file-width="891" data-file-height="561" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Caribbean portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/28px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/42px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/56px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/40px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg/60px-Ic%C3%B4ne_Ile.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islands" title="Portal:Islands">Islands portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/40px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/60px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></span></li></ul> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115" /><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 26em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_diaspora" title="African diaspora">African diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchor_coinage" title="Anchor coinage">Anchor coinage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">British African-Caribbean people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_people" title="Caribbean people">Caribbean people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Caribbean" title="Climate change in the Caribbean">Climate change in the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CONCACAF" title="CONCACAF">CONCACAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Hemispheric_Affairs" title="Council on Hemispheric Affairs">Council on Hemispheric Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Caribbean" title="Economy of the Caribbean">Economy of the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Asian_diaspora" title="South Asian diaspora">South Asian diaspora</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbean">Indo-Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Caribbean_diaspora" class="mw-redirect" title="Indo-Caribbean diaspora">Indo-Caribbean diaspora</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">List of Caribbean music genres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Caribbean">List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-resident_Indian_and_person_of_Indian_origin" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin">Non-resident Indian and person of Indian origin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy in the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the Caribbean">Politics of the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy in the Caribbean">Democracy in the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Caribbean">Tourism in the Caribbean</a></li></ul> <p><b>Geography:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americas_(terminology)" title="Americas (terminology)">Americas (terminology)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_archipelagos_by_number_of_islands" title="List of archipelagos by number of islands">List of archipelagos by number of islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">List of Caribbean islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_indigenous_names_of_Eastern_Caribbean_islands" class="mw-redirect" title="List of indigenous names of Eastern Caribbean islands">List of indigenous names of Eastern Caribbean islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_Caribbean" title="List of mountain peaks of the Caribbean">List of mountain peaks of the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of the Caribbean">List of Ultras of the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle America (Americas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">People who are of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a>, <a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">other European</a>, <a href="/wiki/Criollo_people" title="Criollo people">Criollo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mulatto" title="Mulatto">Mulatto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pardo" title="Pardo">Pardo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zambo" title="Zambo">Zambo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arab</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a>, descent in Latin American countries</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a> is excluded from some definitions of "Caribbean" and instead classified as <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a>; this is primarily a geological rather than cultural or environmental distinction.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bermuda is an associate member of the Caribbean Community.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2019 estimate</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/">"World Population Prospects 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UN_WPP_2022_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://population.un.org/wpp/Download/Files/1_Indicators%20(Standard)/EXCEL_FILES/1_General/WPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx">"World Population Prospects 2022: Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(XSLX)</span> ("Total Population, as of 1 July (thousands)"). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Department_of_Economic_and_Social_Affairs" title="United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs">United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs</a>, Population Division<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Population+Prospects+2022%3A+Demographic+indicators+by+region%2C+subregion+and+country%2C+annually+for+1950-2100&rft.pub=United+Nations+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs%2C+Population+Division&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpopulation.un.org%2Fwpp%2FDownload%2FFiles%2F1_Indicators%2520%28Standard%29%2FEXCEL_FILES%2F1_General%2FWPP2022_GEN_F01_DEMOGRAPHIC_INDICATORS_COMPACT_REV1.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcWhorter2005" class="citation book cs1">McWhorter, John H. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zdxJJVY54nYC&pg=PT387"><i>Defining Creole</i></a>. Oxford University Press US. p. 379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516670-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-516670-5"><bdi>978-0-19-516670-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Defining+Creole&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press+US&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-516670-5&rft.aulast=McWhorter&rft.aufirst=John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzdxJJVY54nYC%26pg%3DPT387&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dce-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dce_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dce_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAllsoppAllsopp2003" class="citation book cs1">Allsopp, Richard; Allsopp, Jeannette (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PmvSk13sIc0C&q=%22analogy+of+European%22"><i>Dictionary of Caribbean English Usage</i></a>. University of the West Indies Press. p. 136–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-976-640-145-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-976-640-145-0"><bdi>978-976-640-145-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Caribbean+English+Usage&rft.pages=136-&rft.pub=University+of+the+West+Indies+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-976-640-145-0&rft.aulast=Allsopp&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Allsopp%2C+Jeannette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPmvSk13sIc0C%26q%3D%2522analogy%2Bof%2BEuropean%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEngerman2000" class="citation book cs1">Engerman, Stanley L. (2000). "A Population History of the Caribbean". In Haines, Michael R.; Steckel, Richard Hall (eds.). <i>A Population History of North America</i>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">483–</span>528. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49666-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-49666-7"><bdi>978-0-521-49666-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/41118518">41118518</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A+Population+History+of+the+Caribbean&rft.btitle=A+Population+History+of+North+America&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E483-%3C%2Fspan%3E528&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F41118518&rft.isbn=978-0-521-49666-7&rft.aulast=Engerman&rft.aufirst=Stanley+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHillmanD'Agostino2003" class="citation book cs1">Hillman, Richard S.; D'Agostino, Thomas J., eds. (2003). <i>Understanding the contemporary Caribbean</i>. London, UK: Lynne Rienner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1588266637" title="Special:BookSources/978-1588266637"><bdi>978-1588266637</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/300280211">300280211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+the+contemporary+Caribbean&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F300280211&rft.isbn=978-1588266637&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-brief-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brief_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-brief_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRogoziński1999" class="citation book cs1">Rogoziński, Jan (1999). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofca00rogo_0/page/3"><i>A Brief History of the Caribbean</i></a></span> (Revised ed.). New York: Facts on File, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofca00rogo_0/page/3">3–4</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-3811-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-3811-2"><bdi>0-8160-3811-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 July</span> 2024</span> – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Caribbean&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=3-4&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-8160-3811-2&rft.aulast=Rogozi%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbriefhistoryofca00rogo_0%2Fpage%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bermuda-online.org/bdagovt.htm">"Bermuda Government after General Election of October 1 2020"</a>. <i>bermuda-online.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bermuda-online.org&rft.atitle=Bermuda+Government+after+General+Election+of+October+1+2020&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbermuda-online.org%2Fbdagovt.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2003" class="citation web cs1">Jacobs, Stevenson (2003-07-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalgazette.com/article/20030703/NEWS/307039988">"Premier signs Caricom deal"</a>. <i>www.royalgazette.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.royalgazette.com&rft.atitle=Premier+signs+Caricom+deal&rft.date=2003-07-03&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Stevenson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalgazette.com%2Farticle%2F20030703%2FNEWS%2F307039988&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHigman2011" class="citation book cs1">Higman, B. W. (2011). <i>A Concise History of the Caribbean</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. xi. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0521043489" title="Special:BookSources/978-0521043489"><bdi>978-0521043489</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Concise+History+of+the+Caribbean&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=xi&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0521043489&rft.aulast=Higman&rft.aufirst=B.+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/418612/North-America">"North America"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503170221/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/418612/North-America">Archived</a> 3 May 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i>Britannica Concise Encyclopedia</i>; "associated with the continent is Greenland, the largest island in the world, and such offshore groups as the Arctic Archipelago, the Bahamas, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, the Queen Charlotte Islands, and the Aleutian Islands", but also "North America is bounded ... on the south by the Caribbean Sea", and "according to some authorities, North America begins not at the Isthmus of Panama but at the narrows of <a href="/wiki/Tehuantepec" title="Tehuantepec">Tehuantepec</a>".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070612212614/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/xx.html"><i>The World: Geographic Overview</i></a>, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency; "North America is commonly understood to include the island of Greenland, the isles of the Caribbean, and to extend south all the way to the Isthmus of Panama"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220409031034/http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/portals-and-platforms/goap/key-organizations/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/unesco-lac/">"UNESCO LAC | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization"</a>. <i>UNESCO</i>. 2022-04-09. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/portals-and-platforms/goap/key-organizations/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/unesco-lac/">the original</a> on 2022-04-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-11-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=UNESCO+LAC+%7C+United+Nations+Educational%2C+Scientific+and+Cultural+Organization&rft.date=2022-04-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unesco.org%2Fnew%2Fen%2Fcommunication-and-information%2Fportals-and-platforms%2Fgoap%2Fkey-organizations%2Flatin-america-and-the-caribbean%2Funesco-lac%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/16015552">The Netherlands Antilles: The joy of six</a>, <i>The Economist</i>, 29 April 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080430031852/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/95780/Carib">"Carib"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9020323/Carib">the original</a> on 30 April 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2008</span>. <q>inhabited the Lesser Antilles and parts of the neighbouring South American coast at the time of the Spanish conquest.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carib&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-9020323%2FCarib&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elster, Charles Harrington. "Caribbean", from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YtojrMr0Ft4C&dq=caribbean+pronunciation&pg=PA78"><i>The Big Book of Beastly Mispronunciations</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230317023751/https://books.google.com/books?id=YtojrMr0Ft4C&dq=caribbean+pronunciation&pg=PA78">Archived</a> 17 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. p.78. (2d ed. 2005)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the early 20th century, only the pronunciation with the primary stress on the third syllable was considered correct, according to <a href="/wiki/Frank_Horace_Vizetelly" title="Frank Horace Vizetelly">Frank Horace Vizetelly</a>, <i>A Desk-Book of Twenty-five Thousand Words Frequently Mispronounced</i> (Funk and Wagnalls, 1917), p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLadefogedJohnson2011" class="citation book cs1">Ladefoged, Peter; Johnson, Keith (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FjLc1XtqJUUC&pg=PA86"><i>A Course in Phonetics</i></a>. Cengage Learning. pp. 86–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4282-3126-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4282-3126-9"><bdi>978-1-4282-3126-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Course+in+Phonetics&rft.pages=86-&rft.pub=Cengage+Learning&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4282-3126-9&rft.aulast=Ladefoged&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Johnson%2C+Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFjLc1XtqJUUC%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.infoplease.com/dictionary/Caribbean">Random House Dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=Caribbean">American Heritage Dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Caribbean">Merriam Webster</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See, e.g., Elster, <i>supra</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oed-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-oed_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-oed_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160926223357/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/Caribbean">Oxford Online Dictionaries</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLawler2020" class="citation news cs1">Lawler, Andrew (23 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210130021113/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/2020/12/invaders-nearly-wiped-out-caribbeans-first-people-long-before-spanish-came-dna-reveals/">"Invaders nearly wiped out Caribbean's first people long before Spanish came, DNA reveals"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. 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Raymond; Olson, Julius E.; Bourne, Edward Gaylord (April 1907). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1832434">"The Northmen, Columbus and Cabot, 985-1503"</a>. <i>The American Historical Review</i>. <b>12</b> (3): 654. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1832434">10.2307/1832434</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/2027%2Floc.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft7mp5d39r">2027/loc.ark:/13960/t7mp5d39r</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8762">0002-8762</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1832434">1832434</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=The+Northmen%2C+Columbus+and+Cabot%2C+985-1503&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=654&rft.date=1907-04&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F2027%2Floc.ark%3A%2F13960%2Ft7mp5d39r&rft.issn=0002-8762&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1832434%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1832434&rft.aulast=Beazley&rft.aufirst=C.+Raymond&rft.au=Olson%2C+Julius+E.&rft.au=Bourne%2C+Edward+Gaylord&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F1832434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLivi-Bacci2006" class="citation journal cs1">Livi-Bacci, Massimo (June 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2006.00116.x">"The Depopulation of Hispanic America after the Conquest"</a>. <i>Population and Development Review</i>. <b>32</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">199–</span>232. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2006.00116.x">10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00116.x</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0098-7921">0098-7921</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population+and+Development+Review&rft.atitle=The+Depopulation+of+Hispanic+America+after+the+Conquest&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E199-%3C%2Fspan%3E232&rft.date=2006-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1728-4457.2006.00116.x&rft.issn=0098-7921&rft.aulast=Livi-Bacci&rft.aufirst=Massimo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fj.1728-4457.2006.00116.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/race/EndSlave.htm">"End of Slavery in Cuba"</a>. <i>www.historyofcuba.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221219185222/http://www.historyofcuba.com/history/race/EndSlave.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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June 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201209090111/http://worldweather.wmo.int/131/c00280.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Weather+Information+Service+%E2%80%93+Havana&rft.pub=Cuban+Institute+of+Meteorology&rft.date=2011-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fworldweather.wmo.int%2F131%2Fc00280.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Relative_Humidity-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Relative_Humidity_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110623233609/http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/c/CU78325.php">"Casa Blanca, Habana, Cuba: Climate, Global Warming, and Daylight Charts and Data"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/c/CU78325.php">the original</a> on 23 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Casa+Blanca%2C+Habana%2C+Cuba%3A+Climate%2C+Global+Warming%2C+and+Daylight+Charts+and+Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.climate-charts.com%2FLocations%2Fc%2FCU78325.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpaldingRaviliousGreen2001" class="citation book cs1">Spalding, Mark; Ravilious, Corinna; Green, Edmund Peter (10 September 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LUI2fLpxIRwC"><i>World Atlas of Coral Reefs</i></a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23255-6"><bdi>978-0-520-23255-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Atlas+of+Coral+Reefs&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2001-09-10&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23255-6&rft.aulast=Spalding&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft.au=Ravilious%2C+Corinna&rft.au=Green%2C+Edmund+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLUI2fLpxIRwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Littler, D. and Littler, M. (2000) <i>Caribbean Reef Plants</i>. OffShore Graphics, Inc., <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0967890101" title="Special:BookSources/0967890101">0967890101</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Minter, D.W., Rodríguez Hernández, M. and Mena Portales, J. (2001) <i>Fungi of the Caribbean. An annotated checklist</i>. PDMS Publishing, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9540169-0-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-9540169-0-4">0-9540169-0-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKirk,_P._M.Ainsworth,_Geoffrey_Clough2008" class="citation book cs1">Kirk, P. M.; Ainsworth, Geoffrey Clough (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IFD4_VFRDdUC"><i>Ainsworth & Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi</i></a>. CABI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-826-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85199-826-8"><bdi>978-0-85199-826-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ainsworth+%26+Bisby%27s+Dictionary+of+the+Fungi&rft.pub=CABI&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-85199-826-8&rft.au=Kirk%2C+P.+M.&rft.au=Ainsworth%2C+Geoffrey+Clough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIFD4_VFRDdUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cubafung/eng/endelist.htm">"Fungi of Cuba – potential endemics"</a>. cybertruffle.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173309/http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cubafung/eng/endelist.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fungi+of+Cuba+%E2%80%93+potential+endemics&rft.pub=cybertruffle.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cybertruffle.org.uk%2Fcubafung%2Feng%2Fendelist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/puerfung/eng/endelist.htm">"Fungi of Puerto Rico – potential endemics"</a>. cybertruffle.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173352/http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/puerfung/eng/endelist.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fungi+of+Puerto+Rico+%E2%80%93+potential+endemics&rft.pub=cybertruffle.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cybertruffle.org.uk%2Fpuerfung%2Feng%2Fendelist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/dorefung/eng/endelist.htm">"Fungi of the Dominican Republic – potential endemics"</a>. cybertruffle.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173420/http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/dorefung/eng/endelist.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fungi+of+the+Dominican+Republic+%E2%80%93+potential+endemics&rft.pub=cybertruffle.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cybertruffle.org.uk%2Fdorefung%2Feng%2Fendelist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/trinfung/eng/endelist.htm">"Fungi of Trinidad & Tobago – potential endemics"</a>. cybertruffle.org.uk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110927173130/http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/trinfung/eng/endelist.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 27 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fungi+of+Trinidad+%26+Tobago+%E2%80%93+potential+endemics&rft.pub=cybertruffle.org.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cybertruffle.org.uk%2Ftrinfung%2Feng%2Fendelist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegreatstory.org/charts/NA-extinctions.html">"North American Extinctions v. World"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=North+American+Extinctions+v.+World&rft.pub=The+Great+Story&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegreatstory.org%2Fcharts%2FNA-extinctions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coral-reef-info.com/caribbean-coral-reefs.html">"Caribbean Coral Reefs"</a>. <i>coral-reef-info.com</i>. 9 November 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110708192816/http://www.coral-reef-info.com/caribbean-coral-reefs.html">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=coral-reef-info.com&rft.atitle=Caribbean+Coral+Reefs&rft.date=2020-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coral-reef-info.com%2Fcaribbean-coral-reefs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoegh-GuldbergMumbyHootenSteneck2007" class="citation journal cs1">Hoegh-Guldberg, O.; Mumby, P. J.; Hooten, A. J.; Steneck, R. S.; Greenfield, P.; Gomez, E.; Harvell, C. D.; Sale, P. F.; et al. (2007). "Coral Reefs Under Rapid Climate Change and Ocean Acidification". <i>Science</i>. <b>318</b> (5857): <span class="nowrap">1737–</span>42. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007Sci...318.1737H">2007Sci...318.1737H</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.702.1733">10.1.1.702.1733</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1152509">10.1126/science.1152509</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18079392">18079392</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:12607336">12607336</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Coral+Reefs+Under+Rapid+Climate+Change+and+Ocean+Acidification&rft.volume=318&rft.issue=5857&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1737-%3C%2Fspan%3E42&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A12607336%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007Sci...318.1737H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.702.1733%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18079392&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1152509&rft.aulast=Hoegh-Guldberg&rft.aufirst=O.&rft.au=Mumby%2C+P.+J.&rft.au=Hooten%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Steneck%2C+R.+S.&rft.au=Greenfield%2C+P.&rft.au=Gomez%2C+E.&rft.au=Harvell%2C+C.+D.&rft.au=Sale%2C+P.+F.&rft.au=Edwards%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Caldeira%2C+K.&rft.au=Knowlton%2C+N.&rft.au=Eakin%2C+C.+M.&rft.au=Iglesias-Prieto%2C+R.&rft.au=Muthiga%2C+N.&rft.au=Bradbury%2C+R.+H.&rft.au=Dubi%2C+A.&rft.au=Hatziolos%2C+M.+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/caribbean-coral-reefs-may-disappear-within-20-years-report/">"Caribbean coral reefs may disappear within 20 years: Report"</a>. <i>IANS</i>. news.biharprabha.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140816191151/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/07/caribbean-coral-reefs-may-disappear-within-20-years-report/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IANS&rft.atitle=Caribbean+coral+reefs+may+disappear+within+20+years%3A+Report&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.biharprabha.com%2F2014%2F07%2Fcaribbean-coral-reefs-may-disappear-within-20-years-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRogoziński2000" class="citation book cs1">Rogoziński, Jan (2000). <i>A Brief History of the Caribbean</i>. Penguin. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-452-28193-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-452-28193-6"><bdi>978-0-452-28193-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Caribbean&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-452-28193-6&rft.aulast=Rogozi%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRogoziński2000" class="citation book cs1">Rogoziński, Jan (2000). <i>A Brief History of the Caribbean</i>. Penguin. p. 356. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-452-28193-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-452-28193-6"><bdi>978-0-452-28193-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Caribbean&rft.pages=356&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-452-28193-6&rft.aulast=Rogozi%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gowricharn, Ruben. <i>Caribbean Transnationalism: Migration, Pluralization, and Social Cohesion</i>, Lanham: Lexington Books, 2006. p. 5 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7391-1167-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-7391-1167-1">0-7391-1167-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillman, p. 150</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillman, p. 165</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-serbin-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-serbin_56-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-serbin_56-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSerbin,_Andres1994" class="citation journal cs1">Serbin, Andres (1994). "Towards an Association of Caribbean States: Raising Some Awkward Questions". <i>Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs</i>. <b>36</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">61–</span>90. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F166319">10.2307/166319</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/166319">166319</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:158660832">158660832</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Interamerican+Studies+and+World+Affairs&rft.atitle=Towards+an+Association+of+Caribbean+States%3A+Raising+Some+Awkward+Questions&rft.volume=36&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E90&rft.date=1994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A158660832%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F166319%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F166319&rft.au=Serbin%2C+Andres&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hillman, p. 123</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090506012800/http://www.ustr.gov/Document_Library/Press_Releases/2001/April/The_US-EU_Banana_Agreement.html">"The U.S.-EU Banana Agreement"</a>. <i>USTR</i>. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ustr.gov/Document_Library/Press_Releases/2001/April/The_US-EU_Banana_Agreement.html">the original</a> on 6 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USTR&rft.atitle=The+U.S.-EU+Banana+Agreement&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ustr.gov%2FDocument_Library%2FPress_Releases%2F2001%2FApril%2FThe_US-EU_Banana_Agreement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span> See also: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanders2008" class="citation web cs1">Sanders, Ronald (16 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2008/05/080516_sanders190508.shtml">"Dominica: Poverty and Potential"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205172045/http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2008/05/080516_sanders190508.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 5 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dominica%3A+Poverty+and+Potential&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2008-05-16&rft.aulast=Sanders&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fcaribbean%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F2008%2F05%2F080516_sanders190508.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090416002704/http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1196354821.32/">"WTO rules against EU banana import practices"</a>. <i>eubusiness.com</i>. 29 November 2007. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eubusiness.com/news-eu/1196354821.32/">the original</a> on 16 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=eubusiness.com&rft.atitle=WTO+rules+against+EU+banana+import+practices&rft.date=2007-11-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eubusiness.com%2Fnews-eu%2F1196354821.32%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/293114.stm">"No truce in banana war"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 March 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202124003/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/293114.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=No+truce+in+banana+war&rft.date=1999-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2F293114.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/05/11/world/clinton-in-caribbean-no-bananas-today.html">Clinton In Caribbean: No Bananas Today</a>, 11 May 1997, <i>The New York Times</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/296008.stm">"World: Americas St Vincent hit by banana war"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 13 March 1999. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202123858/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/296008.stm">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=World%3A+Americas+St+Vincent+hit+by+banana+war&rft.date=1999-03-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F296008.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2005/01/050117_ukparliament-concern.shtml">"Concern for Caribbean farmers"</a>. Bbc.co.uk. 7 January 2005. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101202103940/http://www.bbc.co.uk/caribbean/news/story/2005/01/050117_ukparliament-concern.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Concern+for+Caribbean+farmers&rft.pub=Bbc.co.uk&rft.date=2005-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fcaribbean%2Fnews%2Fstory%2F2005%2F01%2F050117_ukparliament-concern.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/">African Union 6th Region Diaspora Headquarters to be established in Accompong, Jamaica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230311035309/https://thestateofafricandiaspora.com/headquarters/">Archived</a> 11 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 24 January 2018.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/">"Barbados inks MOU with African Export-Import Bank"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220717182615/https://www.cbc.bb/cbctest/news/local-news/barbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Barbados+inks+MOU+with+African+Export-Import+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.bb%2Fcbctest%2Fnews%2Flocal-news%2Fbarbados-inks-mou-with-african-export-import-bank%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/">AfDB, CDB move to deepen Africa, Caribbean cooperation, sign MoU</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220625194438/https://www.businessamlive.com/afdb-cdb-move-to-deepen-africa-caribbean-cooperation-sign-mou/">Archived</a> 25 June 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 18 June 2022</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-spp-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spp_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080618182224/http://www.spp.gov/">"SPP Background"</a>. <i>CommerceConnect.gov</i>. Security and Prosperity Partnership of North America. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spp.gov/">the original</a> on 18 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CommerceConnect.gov&rft.atitle=SPP+Background&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spp.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-epa-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-epa_68-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/na_eco.htm">"Ecoregions of North America"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Environmental_Protection_Agency" title="United States Environmental Protection Agency">United States Environmental Protection Agency</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514012048/http://www.epa.gov/wed/pages/ecoregions/na_eco.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 14 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ecoregions+of+North+America&rft.pub=United+States+Environmental+Protection+Agency&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epa.gov%2Fwed%2Fpages%2Fecoregions%2Fna_eco.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About.com-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-About.com_69-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160410093459/http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzamericas.htm">"What's the difference between North, Latin, Central, Middle, South, Spanish and Anglo America?"</a>. <i>About.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://geography.about.com/library/faq/blqzamericas.htm">the original</a> on 10 April 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=About.com&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+difference+between+North%2C+Latin%2C+Central%2C+Middle%2C+South%2C+Spanish+and+Anglo+America%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Flibrary%2Ffaq%2Fblqzamericas.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Unless otherwise noted, land area figures are taken from <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008/Table03.pdf">"Table 3: Population by sex, rate of population increase, surface area and density"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Demographic Yearbook</i>. United Nations Statistics Division. 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225215827/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2008/Table03.pdf%0A">Archived</a> from the original on 25 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Table+3%3A+Population+by+sex%2C+rate+of+population+increase%2C+surface+area+and+density&rft.btitle=Demographic+Yearbook&rft.pub=United+Nations+Statistics+Division&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funstats.un.org%2Funsd%2Fdemographic%2Fproducts%2Fdyb%2Fdyb2008%2FTable03.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since the <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a> is located in the Atlantic Ocean rather than <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a> are part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> but are not technically part of the Caribbean, although the United Nations groups them with the Caribbean.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nethant-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nethant_74-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nethant_74-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nethant_74-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Population estimates are taken from the <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCentral_Bureau_of_Statistics_Netherlands_Antilles" class="citation web cs1">Central Bureau of Statistics Netherlands Antilles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100501150627/http://www.cbs.an/population/population_b2.asp">"Statistical information: Population"</a>. Government of the Netherlands Antilles. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.an/population/population_b2.asp">the original</a> on 1 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statistical+information%3A+Population&rft.pub=Government+of+the+Netherlands+Antilles&rft.au=Central+Bureau+of+Statistics+Netherlands+Antilles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs.an%2Fpopulation%2Fpopulation_b2.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Because of ongoing activity of the <a href="/wiki/Soufriere_Hills_volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Soufriere Hills volcano">Soufriere Hills volcano</a> beginning in July 1995, much of Plymouth was destroyed and government offices were relocated to Brades. Plymouth remains the <i>de jure</i> capital.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Since the <a href="/wiki/Lucayan_Archipelago" title="Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan Archipelago</a> is located in the Atlantic Ocean rather than <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a> are part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a> but are not technically part of the Caribbean, although the United Nations groups them with the Caribbean.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wbg_total-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wbg_total_77-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-wbg_total_77-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.IN">"Life expectancy at birth, total"</a>. The World Bank Group. 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+expectancy+at+birth%2C+total&rft.pub=The+World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.LE00.IN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.MA.IN">"Life expectancy at birth, male"</a>. The World Bank Group. 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+expectancy+at+birth%2C+male&rft.pub=The+World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.LE00.MA.IN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN">"Life expectancy at birth, female"</a>. The World Bank Group. 30 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+expectancy+at+birth%2C+female&rft.pub=The+World+Bank+Group&rft.date=2024-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.DYN.LE00.FE.IN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFByrne2008" class="citation book cs1">Byrne, Joseph Patrick (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5Pvi-ksuKFIC"><i>Encyclopedia of Pestilence, Pandemics, and Plagues: A-M</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 413. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34102-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34102-1"><bdi>978-0-313-34102-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Pestilence%2C+Pandemics%2C+and+Plagues%3A+A-M&rft.pages=413&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34102-1&rft.aulast=Byrne&rft.aufirst=Joseph+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5Pvi-ksuKFIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged May 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engerman, p. 486</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/8.htm">The Sugar Revolutions and Slavery</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622222104/http://countrystudies.us/caribbean-islands/8.htm">Archived</a> 22 June 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i>U.S. Library of Congress</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engerman, pp. 488–492</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engerman, Figure 11.1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engerman, pp. 501–502</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Engerman, pp. 504, 511</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p2000-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p2000_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Table A.2, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/population/download/report.pdf">Database documentation</a>, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) Population Database, version 3, International Center for Tropical Agriculture, 2005. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caribbean+Regional+Fisheries+Mechanism&rft.pub=Caricom-fisheries.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caricom-fisheries.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090422053457/http://www.crnm.org/">"Official website of the RNM"</a>. Crnm.org. Archived from the original on 22 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+the+RNM&rft.pub=Crnm.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crnm.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uwi.edu/">"University of the West Indies"</a>. Uwi.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081204114142/http://www.uwi.edu/">Archived</a> from the original on 4 December 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=University+of+the+West+Indies&rft.pub=Uwi.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.uwi.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.windiescricket.com/">"West Indies Cricket Board WICB Official Website"</a>. Windiescricket.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103005917/http://windiescricket.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=West+Indies+Cricket+Board+WICB+Official+Website&rft.pub=Windiescricket.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.windiescricket.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACaribbean" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Engerman, Stanley L. "A Population History of the Caribbean", pp. 483–528 in <i>A Population History of North America</i> Michael R. Haines and Richard Hall Steckel (Eds.), Cambridge University Press, 2000, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-49666-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-49666-7">0-521-49666-7</a>.</li> <li>Hillman, Richard S., and Thomas J. D'agostino, eds. <i>Understanding the Contemporary Caribbean</i>, London: Lynne Rienner, 2003 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58826-663-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-58826-663-X">1-58826-663-X</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Develtere, Patrick R. 1994. "Co-operation and development: With special reference to the experience of the Commonwealth Caribbean" ACCO, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-334-3181-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-334-3181-5">90-334-3181-5</a></li> <li>Gowricharn, Ruben, ed. <i>Caribbean Transnationalism: Migration, Pluralization, and Social Cohesion</i>. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1167-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-1167-3">978-0-7391-1167-3</a></li> <li>Henke, Holger, and Fred Reno, eds. <i>Modern Political Culture in the Caribbean</i>. Kingston: <a href="/wiki/University_of_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="University of West Indies">University of West Indies</a> Press, 2003. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/976-640-135-7" title="Special:BookSources/976-640-135-7">976-640-135-7</a></li> <li>Heuman, Gad. <i>Brief Histories: The Caribbean</i>. London: Hodder Arnold, 2006. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780340763636" title="Special:BookSources/9780340763636">9780340763636</a></li> <li>de Kadt, Emanuel, (editor). <i>Patterns of foreign influence in the Caribbean</i>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>, 1972. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-214988-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-214988-1">0-19-214988-1</a></li> <li>Knight, Franklin W. and Colin A. Palmer, eds. <i>The Modern Caribbean</i> (The University of North Carolina Press, 1989). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8078-1825-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8078-1825-9">0-8078-1825-9</a></li> <li>Kurlansky, Mark. 1992. <i>A Continent of Islands: Searching for the Caribbean Destiny</i>. Addison-Wesley Publishing. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-52396-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-52396-5">0-201-52396-5</a></li> <li>Langley, Lester D. <i>The United States and the Caribbean in the Twentieth Century</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Georgia_Press" title="University of Georgia Press">University of Georgia Press</a>, 4th edition, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8203-1153-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-8203-1153-7">0-8203-1153-7</a></li> <li>Maingot, Anthony P. <i>The United States and the Caribbean: Challenges of an Asymmetrical Relationship</i>. Westview Press, 1994. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8133-2242-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8133-2242-1">0-8133-2242-1</a></li> <li>Palmié, Stephan, and Francisco A. Scarano, eds. <i>The Caribbean: A History of the Region and Its Peoples</i> (University of Chicago Press; 2011); 660 pp.; writings on the region since the pre-Columbian era. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-64506-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-64506-3">978-0-226-64506-3</a></li> <li>Ramnarine, Tina K. <i>Beautiful Cosmos: Performance and Belonging in the Caribbean Diaspora</i>. London: Pluto Press, 2007. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1767-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1767-0">978-0-7453-1767-0</a></li> <li>Rowntree, Lester, Martin Lewis, Marie Price, William Wyckoff. <i>Diversity Amid Globalization: World Regions, Environment, Development</i>, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 4th edition, 2009. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-13-600554-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-13-600554-4">978-0-13-600554-4</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caribbean&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Caribbean" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Caribbean">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Caribbean" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Caribbean">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/Caribbean" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/Caribbean">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" 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ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caribbean_topic" title="Template:Caribbean topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caribbean_topic" title="Template talk:Caribbean topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caribbean1782" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caribbean</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_British_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="The British West Indies">British West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Danish_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="The Danish West Indies">Danish West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dutch_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dutch Caribbean">Dutch Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_French_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="The French West Indies">French West Indies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_West_Indies_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="The West Indies Federation">West Indies Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="The West Indies">West<br />Indies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Antilles">Antilles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Greater_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Greater Antilles">Greater<br />Antilles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Cayman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Navassa_Island" title="Navassa Island">Navassa Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hispaniola26" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hispaniola" title="Hispaniola">Hispaniola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lesser Antilles">Lesser<br />Antilles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Leeward_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Leeward Islands">Leeward<br />Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/La_D%C3%A9sirade" title="La Désirade">La Désirade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_des_Saintes" title="Îles des Saintes">Les Saintes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marie-Galante" title="Marie-Galante">Marie-Galante</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a><sup>^*</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a><sup>^*</sup></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martin_(island)" title="Saint Martin (island)">Saint Martin</a><sup>^</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Collectivity of Saint Martin">Collectivity of Saint Martin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The United States Virgin Islands">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Caribbean" title="Southern Caribbean">Southern<br />Caribbean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Leeward_Antilles" class="mw-redirect" title="The Leeward Antilles">Leeward<br />Antilles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Insular_Region,_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="The Insular Region, Venezuela">Insular Venezuela</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Federal_Dependencies_of_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="The Federal Dependencies of Venezuela">Federal Dependencies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nueva_Esparta" title="Nueva Esparta">Nueva Esparta</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="ABC_islands51" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_ABC_islands_(Leeward_Antilles)" class="mw-redirect" title="The ABC islands (Leeward Antilles)">ABC islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a><sup>*</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Windward_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Windward Islands">Windward<br />Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carriacou_and_Petite_Martinique" title="Carriacou and Petite Martinique">Carriacou and Petite Martinique</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li> <a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a><sup>†</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Lucayan_Archipelago" class="mw-redirect" title="The Lucayan Archipelago">Lucayan<br />Archipelago</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></i></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_Sea" class="mw-redirect" title="The Caribbean Sea">Caribbean<br />Sea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isla_de_Aves" title="Isla de Aves">Aves Island</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Archipelago_of_San_Andr%C3%A9s,_Providencia_and_Santa_Catalina" title="Archipelago of San Andrés, Providencia and Santa Catalina">San Andrés and Providencia</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bajo_Nuevo_Bank" title="Bajo Nuevo Bank">Bajo Nuevo Bank</a><sup>~</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Serranilla_Bank" title="Serranilla Bank">Serranilla Bank</a><sup>~</sup></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Caribbean_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="The Western Caribbean zone">Caribbean<br />continental<br />zone</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintana_Roo" title="Quintana Roo">Quintana Roo</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cozumel" title="Cozumel">Cozumel</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bay_Islands_Department" title="Bay Islands Department">Bay Islands</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Izabal_Department" class="mw-redirect" title="The Izabal Department">Izabal</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lim%C3%B3n_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="The Limón Province">Limón</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Corn_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Corn Islands">Corn Islands</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_North_Caribbean_Coast_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="The North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region">North Caribbean Coast</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_South_Caribbean_Coast_Autonomous_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="The South Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region">South Caribbean Coast</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caribbean_region_of_Colombia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Caribbean region of Colombia">Colombian Caribbean</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Venezuelan_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="The Venezuelan Caribbean">Venezuelan Caribbean</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Caribbean" title="Greater Caribbean">Wider<br />groupings<br />may include:</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a><sup>#</sup></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Yucat%C3%A1n_Peninsula" class="mw-redirect" title="The Yucatán Peninsula">Yucatán Peninsula</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Campeche" title="Campeche">Campeche</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pet%C3%A9n_Department" title="Petén Department">Petén</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yucat%C3%A1n" title="Yucatán">Yucatán</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Amapá</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guayana_Region,_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="The Guayana Region, Venezuela">Venezuelan Guayana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Guyana%E2%80%93Venezuela_territorial_dispute" title="Guyana–Venezuela territorial dispute">Guayana Esequiba</a><sup>ǂ</sup></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tigri_Area" title="Tigri Area">Tigri Area</a><sup>ǂ</sup></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>N.B.:</b> Territories in <i>italics</i> are parts of transregional sovereign states or non-sovereign dependencies. <p><sup>^</sup>These three form the <a href="/wiki/SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">SSS islands</a> that with the ABC islands comprise the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Caribbean" title="Dutch Caribbean">Dutch Caribbean</a>, of which <sup>*</sup>the <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">BES islands</a> are not direct <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom</a> constituents but subsumed with the country of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. </p><p><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Physical_geography" title="Physical geography">Physiographically</a>, these <a href="/wiki/Island#Continental_islands" title="Island">continental islands</a> are not part of the volcanic Windward Islands arc, although sometimes grouped with them culturally and politically. </p><p><sup>ǂ</sup><a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">Disputed territories</a> administered by <a href="/wiki/Guyana" title="Guyana">Guyana</a>. <sup>~</sup><a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">Disputed territories</a> administered by <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a>. </p> <sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a> is an isolated <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">North Atlantic</a> <a href="/wiki/Island#Oceanic_islands" title="Island">oceanic island</a>, physiographically not part of the Lucayan Archipelago, Antilles, Caribbean Sea nor North American continental nor South American continental islands. It is grouped with the <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">Northern American</a> region, but occasionally also with the Caribbean region culturally.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Caribbean_articles451" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Caribbean_topics" title="Template:Caribbean topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Caribbean_topics" title="Template talk:Caribbean topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Caribbean topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Caribbean_articles451" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caribbean</a> articles</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Caribbean">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Timeline</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_West_Indies" title="Spanish West Indies">Spanish Caribbean (1492–1898)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracy_in_the_Caribbean" title="Piracy in the Caribbean">Piracy</a> (1500s–1830)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Dutch Caribbean (1554–1863)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_British_West_Indies" title="History of the British West Indies">British Caribbean (1586–1834)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French Caribbean (1625–1817)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Curonian colonization of the Americas">Baltic-German Caribbean (1654–1689)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_West_Indies" title="Danish West Indies">Danish Caribbean (1672–1917)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_(Brandenburg_colony)" title="Saint Thomas (Brandenburg colony)">German Caribbean (1685–1693)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_colony_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Swedish colony of Saint Barthélemy">Swedish Caribbean (1784–1878)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_history" title="Afro-Caribbean history">Afro-Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Court_of_Justice" title="Caribbean Court of Justice">Caribbean Court of Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Caribbean" title="Indigenous peoples of the Caribbean">Indigenous people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arawak" title="Arawak">Arawak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_hurricanes_on_Caribbean_history" title="Impact of hurricanes on Caribbean history">Hurricanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influx_of_disease_in_the_Caribbean" title="Influx of disease in the Caribbean">Influx of diseases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malaria_and_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaria and the Caribbean">Malaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_Caribbean" title="Territorial evolution of the Caribbean">Territorial evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Geography_and_geology">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antilles" title="Antilles">Antilles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Antilles" title="Greater Antilles">Greater Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antilles" title="Lesser Antilles">Lesser Antilles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Islands" title="Leeward Islands">Leeward Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leeward_Antilles" title="Leeward Antilles">Leeward Antilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windward_Islands" title="Windward Islands">Windward Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Lowlands" title="Caribbean Lowlands">Caribbean Lowlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Plate" class="mw-redirect" title="Caribbean Plate">Caribbean Plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Sea" title="Caribbean Sea">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Caribbean" title="Southern Caribbean">Southern Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Caribbean_zone" title="Western Caribbean zone">Western Caribbean zone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_bioregion" title="Caribbean bioregion">Bioregion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of earthquakes in the Caribbean">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_Caribbean" title="Extreme points of the Caribbean">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands_by_area" title="List of Caribbean islands by area">by area</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mammals_of_the_Caribbean" title="Mammals of the Caribbean">Mammals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cetaceans_of_the_Caribbean" title="Cetaceans of the Caribbean">Cetaceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_metropolitan_areas_in_the_West_Indies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of metropolitan areas in the West Indies">Metropolitan areas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_Caribbean" title="List of mountain peaks of the Caribbean">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_populated_places_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of populated places in the Caribbean">Populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="List of rivers of Central America and the Caribbean">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_trees_of_the_Caribbean" title="List of trees of the Caribbean">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ultras_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ultras of the Caribbean">Ultras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_West_Indies#Sovereign_states" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the West Indies">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_the_West_Indies#Dependent_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in the West Indies">Dependent territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Caribbean">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Politics">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Americas" title="Democracy in the Americas">Democracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Caribbean_leftism" title="Afro-Caribbean leftism">Afro-Caribbean leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Caribbean_States" title="Association of Caribbean States">Association of Caribbean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Community" title="Caribbean Community">Caribbean Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CARIFORUM" title="CARIFORUM">CARIFORUM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_Eastern_Caribbean_States" title="Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States">Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Caribbean" title="Economy of the Caribbean">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_airlines_in_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="List of largest airlines in Central America and the Caribbean">Airlines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of airports in the Caribbean">Airports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Basin_Trade_and_Partnership_Act" title="Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act">Caribbean Basin Trade and Partnership Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Development_Bank" title="Caribbean Development Bank">Caribbean Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_banks_and_currencies_of_the_Caribbean" title="Central banks and currencies of the Caribbean">Central banks and currencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_industry_in_the_Caribbean" title="Citrus industry in the Caribbean">Citrus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_companies" title="List of Caribbean companies">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishing_industry_in_the_Caribbean" title="Fishing industry in the Caribbean">Fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hotels_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of hotels in the Caribbean">Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stock_exchanges_in_the_Americas" title="List of stock exchanges in the Americas">Stock exchanges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Caribbean_Securities_Exchange" title="Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange">Eastern Caribbean Securities Exchange</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_plantations_in_the_Caribbean" title="Sugar plantations in the Caribbean">Sugar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_sugar_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuban sugar economy">in Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_production_in_the_Danish_West_Indies" title="Sugar production in the Danish West Indies">in the Danish West Indies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Tourism in the Caribbean">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Caribbean" title="Culture of the Caribbean">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_art" title="Caribbean art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_Caribbean" title="Beer in the Caribbean">Beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_people" title="Caribbean people">Caribbean people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_carnivals_around_the_world#Local_Caribbean_Carnivals" title="List of Caribbean carnivals around the world">Carnivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_cuisine" title="Caribbean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_literature" title="Caribbean literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_music_genres" title="List of Caribbean music genres">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_poetry" title="Caribbean poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Radio_stations_in_the_Caribbean_by_country" title="Category:Radio stations in the Caribbean by country">Radio stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in the Caribbean">Sport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_American_and_Caribbean_Games" title="Central American and Caribbean Games">Central American and Caribbean Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stadiums_in_Central_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="List of stadiums in Central America and the Caribbean">Stadiums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_television_stations_in_the_Caribbean" title="List of television stations in the Caribbean">Television stations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Caribbean" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of the Caribbean">Demographics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_Caribbean" title="Languages of the Caribbean">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pre-Arawakan_languages_of_the_Greater_Antilles" title="Pre-Arawakan languages of the Greater Antilles">Pre-Arawakan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_countries_by_population" title="List of Caribbean countries by population">Population</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_the_Caribbean" title="Category:Religion in the Caribbean">Religions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean-related_topics" title="List of Caribbean-related topics">Outline</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Caribbean" title="Category:Caribbean">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Caribbean" title="Portal:Caribbean">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions550" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Regions_of_the_world" title="Template talk:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Regions_of_the_world" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Regions of the world"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Earth&#039;s_primary_regions_and_subregions550" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s primary <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_geoscheme" title="United Nations geoscheme">regions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subregion" title="Subregion">subregions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/World" title="World">Worlds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_world" title="Arab world">Arab World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Down_Under" title="Down Under">Down Under</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_World" title="Old World">Old World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-world_model" title="Three-world model">Three/Four Worlds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_World" title="First World">First World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_World" title="Second World">Second World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_World" title="Third World">Third World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_World" title="Fourth World">Fourth World</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemispheres_of_Earth" title="Hemispheres of Earth">Hemispheres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Land Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Hemisphere" title="Northern Hemisphere">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_and_water_hemispheres" title="Land and water hemispheres">Water Hemisphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Landmass" title="Landmass">Landmasses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Eurasia" title="Afro-Eurasia">Africa-Eurasia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Submerged_continent" title="Submerged continent">submerged</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plate_tectonics" title="Plate tectonics">Tectonic plates</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">Continents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sahara" title="Sahara">Saharan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Africa" title="North Africa">Northern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maghreb" title="Maghreb">Maghreb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Africa" title="Central Africa">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horn_of_Africa" title="Horn of Africa">Horn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Africa" title="Southern Africa">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">Western</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antarctica" title="Antarctica">Antarctica</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Antarctica" title="East Antarctica">East Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Plateau" title="Antarctic Plateau">Antarctic Plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transantarctic_Mountains" title="Transantarctic Mountains">Transantarctic Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Antarctica" title="West Antarctica">West Antarctica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Peninsula" title="Antarctic Peninsula">Antarctic Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Asia%E2%80%93Pacific" title="Asia–Pacific">Asia–Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far_East" title="Far East">Far East</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Asia" title="Pacific Asia">Pacific Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Far_East" title="Russian Far East">Russian Far East</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Southeastern31" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Southeast_Asia" title="Mainland Southeast Asia">Mainland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_Southeast_Asia" title="Maritime Southeast Asia">Maritime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aral_Sea" title="Aral Sea">Aral Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aralkum_Desert" title="Aralkum Desert">Aralkum Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspian_Sea" title="Caspian Sea">Caspian Sea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ural_(region)" title="Ural (region)">Ural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Asia" title="Inner Asia">Inner Asia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Central_Asia" title="Greater Central Asia">Greater Central Asia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_subcontinent" title="Indian subcontinent">Indian subcontinent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_South_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of South Asia">Subregions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Asia" title="West Asia">West Asia</a>/<a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula" title="Arabian Peninsula">Arabian Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Iran" title="Greater Iran">Greater Iran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_plateau" title="Iranian plateau">Iranian plateau</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea" title="Dead Sea">Dead Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levantine_Sea" title="Levantine Sea">Levantine Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mashriq" title="Mashriq">Mashriq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa" title="Middle East and North Africa">Middle East and North Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_East" title="Near East">Near East</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Subregion#Asia" title="Subregion">Other regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Himalayan27" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_Rim" title="Himalayan Rim">Himalayan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Himalayan_states" title="Himalayan states">Himalayan states</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Himalayan_Region" title="Indian Himalayan Region">Indian region</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caucasus" title="Caucasus">Caucasus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Caucasus" title="North Caucasus">North Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Caucasus" title="South Caucasus">South Caucasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Russia" title="Southern Russia">Southern Russia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Russia" title="European Russia">European Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">Southeastern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Isles" title="British Isles">British Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_Peninsula" title="Scandinavian Peninsula">Scandinavian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_East" title="Middle East">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_(geographical_region)" title="Italy (geographical region)">Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_peninsula" title="Italian peninsula">Italian peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeast_Europe" title="Southeast Europe">South-eastern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkan Peninsula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">South-western</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iberian_Peninsula" title="Iberian Peninsula">Iberian Peninsula</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Europe" title="Atlantic Europe">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Europe" title="Northwestern Europe">Northwestern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_nations" title="Celtic nations">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germanic-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Germanic-speaking Europe">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romance-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Romance-speaking Europe">Romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slavs" title="Slavs">Slavic</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">Northern Am.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern USA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_South_Central_states" title="West South Central states">West South Central United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Prairies" title="Canadian Prairies">Canadian Prairies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Canada" title="Central Canada">Central Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Canada" title="Eastern Canada">Eastern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Canada" title="Northern Canada">Northern Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Canada" title="Western Canada">Western Canada</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(Americas)" title="Middle America (Americas)">Middle Am.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aridoamerica" title="Aridoamerica">Aridoamerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Caribbean" title="Greater Caribbean">Greater Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central Am.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerica</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Mexico" title="Northern Mexico">Northern Mexico</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Australasia15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">Australasia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australia_(continent)" title="Australia (continent)">Australia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_Australia" title="Mainland Australia">Mainland Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Guinea" title="New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zealandia" title="Zealandia">Zealandia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melanesia" title="Melanesia">Melanesia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Island_Melanesia" title="Island Melanesia">Island Melanesia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micronesia" title="Micronesia">Micronesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near_Oceania" title="Near Oceania">Near Oceania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polynesia" title="Polynesia">Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remote_Oceania" title="Remote Oceania">Remote Oceania</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_basin" title="Amazon basin">Amazon Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Basin_(sedimentary_basin)" title="Amazon Basin (sedimentary basin)">Amazon Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rainforest" title="Amazon rainforest">Amazon Rainforest</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andean_Community" title="Andean Community">Andean States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_Highlands" title="Brazilian Highlands">Brazilian Highlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_South_America" title="Caribbean South America">Caribbean South America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guianas" title="The Guianas">The Guianas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Cone" title="Southern Cone">Southern Cone</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patagonia" title="Patagonia">Patagonia</a></li></ul></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Supercontinent" title="Supercontinent">Supercontinents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Americas12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-America" title="Anglo-America">Anglo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_America" title="French America">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and the Caribbean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibero-America" title="Ibero-America">Ibero</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_America" title="Hispanic America">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_America" title="Portuguese America">Portuguese</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands" title="Lists of islands">Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Continent" title="Continent">continent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Africa" title="List of islands of Africa">Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_islands_of_the_Americas" title="Lists of islands of the Americas">Americas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_North_America" title="List of islands of North America">North America</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Central_America" title="List of islands of Central America">Central America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_South_America" title="List of islands of South America">South America</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Antarctica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Asia">Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Europe" title="List of islands of Europe">Europe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_area" title="List of European islands by area">by area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_islands_by_population" title="List of European islands by population">by population</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Oceania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Australia" title="List of islands of Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_New_Zealand" title="List of islands of New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Arctic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Arctic Ocean">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Atlantic_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Baltic_Sea" title="List of islands in the Baltic Sea">Baltic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Black_Sea" title="List of islands in the Black Sea">Black Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Caribbean_islands" title="List of Caribbean islands">Caribbean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Irish_Sea" title="List of islands in the Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Mediterranean" title="List of islands in the Mediterranean">Mediterranean Sea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Adriatic" title="List of islands in the Adriatic">Adriatic Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Aegean_Islands" title="List of Aegean Islands">Aegean Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ionian_Islands" title="Ionian Islands">Ionian Sea</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Indian Ocean">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Persian_Gulf" title="List of islands in the Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of islands in the Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_East_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the East China Sea">East China Sea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_in_the_South_China_Sea" title="List of islands in the South China Sea">South China Sea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">Southern</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ocean" title="Ocean">Oceans</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Ocean" title="Southern Ocean">Antarctic/Southern</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic_Convergence" title="Antarctic Convergence">Antarctic Convergence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Ocean" title="Arctic Ocean">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barrier_Reef" title="Great Barrier Reef">Great Barrier Reef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariana_Trench" title="Mariana Trench">Mariana Trench</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean#World_Ocean" title="Ocean">World Ocean</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Body_of_water" title="Body of water">waterbodies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes" title="List of lakes">Lakes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_lakes" title="Lists of lakes">lists</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_rivers" title="Lists of rivers">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_seas_on_Earth" title="List of seas on Earth">Seas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Rim_regions" title="Category:Rim regions">Rim</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctic Rim">Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlantic Rim">Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Mediterranean" title="Indo-Mediterranean">Indo-Mediterranean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Ocean Rim">Indian Ocean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Rim" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediterranean Rim">Mediterranean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim" title="Pacific Rim">Pacific</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polar_regions_of_Earth" title="Polar regions of Earth">Polar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antarctic" title="Antarctic">Antarctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Global_regions" title="Category:Global regions">Global</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>By direction: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Global_East" title="Global East">East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Geographical_Pivot_of_History#The_Heartland" title="The Geographical Pivot of History">Heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_Asia" title="Northeast Asia">Northeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Northwest" title="Global Northwest">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_North_and_Global_South" title="Global North and Global South">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southeast" title="Global Southeast">Southeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Southwest" title="Global Southwest">Southwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">West</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Template"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/20px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Symbol_template_class_pink.svg/40px-Symbol_template_class_pink.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Template:Continents_of_Earth" title="Template:Continents of Earth">Continents of Earth</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:List_of_seas" title="Template:List of seas">List of seas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Template:Earth" title="Template:Earth">Physical Earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664609#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata936" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664609#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata936" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664609#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316429220">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1244080/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJghpyV6YJBWHCMjtgBF8C">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073241-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85020279">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX450844">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007283467705171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Caribbean&params=14_31_32_N_75_49_06_W_type:waterbody_source:dewiki_scale:15000000"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°31′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">75°49′06″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.52556°N 75.81833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.52556; -75.81833</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" 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