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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_maps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Official maps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_maps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israeli–Palestinian_conflict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Physical_and_social_perceptions_of_the_Green_Line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_and_social_perceptions_of_the_Green_Line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Physical and social perceptions of the Green Line</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_and_social_perceptions_of_the_Green_Line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Green Line (Israel)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1_(%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86)" title="خط أخضر (فلسطين) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="خط أخضر (فلسطين)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%A8_(%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2)" title="গ্রিন লাইন (ইসরায়েল) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রিন লাইন (ইসরায়েল)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnia_verda_(Israel)" title="Línia verda (Israel) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Línia verda (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelen%C3%A1_linie_(Izrael)" title="Zelená linie (Izrael) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Zelená linie (Izrael)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B8nne_Linje_(Israel)" title="Grønne Linje (Israel) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grønne Linje (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCne_Linie" title="Grüne Linie – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grüne Linie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%AE_(%CE%99%CF%83%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%AE%CE%BB)" title="Πράσινη Γραμμή (Ισραήλ) – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πράσινη Γραμμή (Ισραήλ)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADnea_Verde_(Israel)" title="Línea Verde (Israel) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Línea Verde (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%B2_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84)" title="خط سبز (اسرائیل) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خط سبز (اسرائیل)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligne_verte_(Isra%C3%ABl)" title="Ligne verte (Israël) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ligne verte (Israël)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Griene_Line_(Israel)" title="Griene Line (Israel) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Griene Line (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%B0_%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B8_(%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4%EB%9D%BC%EC%97%98)" title="그린 라인 (이스라엘) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그린 라인 (이스라엘)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B9_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%AB_(%D4%BB%D5%BD%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%A5%D5%AC)" title="Կանաչ գոտի (Իսրայել) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կանաչ գոտի (Իսրայել)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garis_Hijau_(Israel)" title="Garis Hijau (Israel) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Garis Hijau (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linea_Verde_(Israele)" title="Linea Verde (Israele) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Linea Verde (Israele)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%A7%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%A7" title="הקו הירוק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הקו הירוק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groene_Lijn_(grens)" title="Groene Lijn (grens) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Groene Lijn (grens)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3_(%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB)" title="グリーンライン (イスラエル) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グリーンライン (イスラエル)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_gr%C3%B8nne_linje" title="Den grønne linje – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den grønne linje" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%86_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84)" title="گرین لائن (اسرائیل) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرین لائن (اسرائیل)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linha_Verde_(Israel)" title="Linha Verde (Israel) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Linha Verde (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_(%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C)" title="Зелёная линия (Израиль) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Зелёная линия (Израиль)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Line_(Israel)" title="Green Line (Israel) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Green Line (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xariiqanta_Cagaaran" title="Xariiqanta Cagaaran – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Xariiqanta Cagaaran" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_(%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BB)" title="Зелена линија (Израел) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зелена линија (Израел)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%B6na_linjen_(Israel)" title="Gröna linjen (Israel) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gröna linjen (Israel)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil_Hat_(%C4%B0srail)" title="Yeşil Hat (İsrail) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeşil Hat (İsrail)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%8F_(%D0%86%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BB%D1%8C)" title="Зелена лінія (Ізраїль) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зелена лінія (Ізраїль)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1_(%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84)" title="خط اخضر (اسرائیل) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خط اخضر (اسرائیل)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A2_%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A2" title="גרינע ליניע – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גרינע ליניע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%BF%E7%BA%BF_(%E4%BB%A5%E8%89%B2%E5%88%97)" title="绿线 (以色列) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="绿线 (以色列)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1132137#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8c/Extended-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Extended-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Internationally recognized border between Israel and Palestine</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:United_Nations_Palestine_map_showing_Armistice_Agreements_between_Israel_%26_Lebanon,_Syria,_Jordan_%26_Egypt_1949-1950.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/United_Nations_Palestine_map_showing_Armistice_Agreements_between_Israel_%26_Lebanon%2C_Syria%2C_Jordan_%26_Egypt_1949-1950.jpg/220px-United_Nations_Palestine_map_showing_Armistice_Agreements_between_Israel_%26_Lebanon%2C_Syria%2C_Jordan_%26_Egypt_1949-1950.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="600" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/United_Nations_Palestine_map_showing_Armistice_Agreements_between_Israel_%26_Lebanon%2C_Syria%2C_Jordan_%26_Egypt_1949-1950.jpg/330px-United_Nations_Palestine_map_showing_Armistice_Agreements_between_Israel_%26_Lebanon%2C_Syria%2C_Jordan_%26_Egypt_1949-1950.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/United_Nations_Palestine_map_showing_Armistice_Agreements_between_Israel_%26_Lebanon%2C_Syria%2C_Jordan_%26_Egypt_1949-1950.jpg/440px-United_Nations_Palestine_map_showing_Armistice_Agreements_between_Israel_%26_Lebanon%2C_Syria%2C_Jordan_%26_Egypt_1949-1950.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2438" data-file-height="6652" /></a><figcaption>1955 United Nations map showing the Armistice Agreements, with original map reference points ("MR") on the <a href="/wiki/Palestine_grid" title="Palestine grid">Palestine grid</a> referenced in the respective agreements.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Israel_green_lines.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Israel_green_lines.png/170px-Israel_green_lines.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="531" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/23/Israel_green_lines.png 1.5x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Israel's 1949 Green Line (dark green) and demilitarized zones (teal)</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Green Line</b>, or <b>1949 Armistice border</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the <a href="/wiki/Demarcation_line" title="Demarcation line">demarcation line</a> set out in the <a href="/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements" title="1949 Armistice Agreements">1949 Armistice Agreements</a> between the armies of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and those of its neighbors (<a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>) after the <a href="/wiki/1948_Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_War" title="1948 Arab–Israeli War">1948 Arab–Israeli War</a>. It served as the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> borders of the State of Israel from 1949 until the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a> in 1967, and continues to represent Israel's internationally recognized borders with the two <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian territories">Palestinian territories</a>: the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Green Line was intended as a demarcation line rather than a permanent border. The 1949 Armistice Agreements were clear (at Arab insistence)<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that they were not creating permanent borders. The Egyptian–Israeli agreement, for example, stated that "the Armistice Demarcation Line is not to be construed in any sense as a political or territorial boundary, and is delineated without prejudice to rights, claims and positions of either Party to the Armistice as regards ultimate settlement of the Palestine question."<sup id="cite_ref-EgyIsr_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EgyIsr-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similar provisions are contained in the Armistice Agreements with Jordan and Syria. The Agreement with Lebanon contained no such provisions, and was treated as the international border between Israel and Lebanon, stipulating only that forces would be withdrawn to the Israel–Lebanon border. </p><p>The Green Line is often referred to as the "<b>pre-1967 borders</b>" or the "<b>1967 borders</b>" by many international bodies and national leaders, including former United States president <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Palestinian president <a href="/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas" title="Mahmoud Abbas">Mahmoud Abbas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) in informal texts,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the text of <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> resolutions.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name comes from the green ink used to draw the line on the map during armistice talks.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the Six-Day War, the territories captured by Israel beyond the Green Line came to be designated as <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>, the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights" title="Golan Heights">Golan Heights</a>. These territories are often referred to as <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">Israeli-occupied territories</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula" title="Sinai Peninsula">Sinai Peninsula</a>, which was also captured at that time, has since been returned to Egypt as part of the <a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_peace_treaty" title="Egypt–Israel peace treaty">1979 peace treaty</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jerusalem_Border_1951.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jerusalem_Border_1951.jpg/170px-Jerusalem_Border_1951.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jerusalem_Border_1951.jpg/255px-Jerusalem_Border_1951.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Jerusalem_Border_1951.jpg/340px-Jerusalem_Border_1951.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A border sign in Jerusalem, 1951; in the background: <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_David" title="Tower of David">Tower of David</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Green Line refers to the <a href="/wiki/Demarcation_line" title="Demarcation line">demarcation lines</a>, rather than permanent borders, between <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israeli</a> forces and those of its neighbors.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All movement across the demarcation lines was banned and monitored by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Truce_Supervision_Organization" title="United Nations Truce Supervision Organization">United Nations Truce Supervision Organization</a>. Most commonly, the term was applied to the boundary between <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordan</a>-controlled <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> and the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and Israel. The drawing of the Green Line superseded entirely the partition lines proposed and voted on by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine" title="United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine">United Nations in the Partition Plan</a> of 1947 and which Israel had accepted in the <a href="/wiki/Israeli_Declaration_of_Independence" title="Israeli Declaration of Independence">Israeli Declaration of Independence</a>. The Palestinian and Arab leaders had repeatedly rejected any permanent partition of <a href="/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine" title="Mandatory Palestine">Mandatory Palestine</a>. </p><p>In 1967, after Israel seized all the territories, other than the <a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Transjordan" title="Emirate of Transjordan">Emirate of Transjordan</a>, of the former Mandatory Palestine, as well as other territories, the demarcation lines became militarily irrelevant, and the status of the Green Line became uncertain. </p><p>Although Israel has always formally argued that the Green Line has no legal significance, the Green Line continued to have political, legal and administrative significance. Israel regarded the territories beyond the Green Line, unlike those within the Green Line, as <a href="/wiki/Occupied_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupied territories">occupied territories</a>, and they were not incorporated into Israeli political and civilian administrative systems. The territories beyond the Green Line were administered by the <a href="/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces" title="Israel Defense Forces">Israeli military</a> or later also by the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Authority">Palestinian Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yuval_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuval-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Citizenship by residence, for example, was determined with reference to the Green Line, as well as a person's refugee status. </p><p>The extension of the municipal boundary of Jerusalem in 1980 was an exception to this position. Although Jerusalem was a part of territory beyond the Green Line that was <a href="/wiki/Jordanian_annexation_of_the_West_Bank" title="Jordanian annexation of the West Bank">ruled by Jordan until 1967</a>, Israel declared Jerusalem "complete and united" as the capital of Israel according to the 1980 <a href="/wiki/Basic_Laws_of_Israel" title="Basic Laws of Israel">Basic</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Law" title="Jerusalem Law">Jerusalem Law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aust_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aust-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lustick_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lustick-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This claim has not been recognised by any country or by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> (UN) <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">Security Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Aust_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aust-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lustick_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lustick-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A notional Green Line continues to divide Jerusalem at the boundary of <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East Jerusalem</a>. </p><p>The Golan Heights are another exception, having been informally incorporated by Israel with the 1981 <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">Golan Heights Law</a>. The UN Security Council declared this to be null and without any international legal effect.<sup id="cite_ref-Karoubi_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Karoubi-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2></div> <p>The sections of the Green Line that delineate the boundaries between Israel, the West Bank and <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza</a> run through heavily populated regions. The Line corresponds to the military front of the 1948 War, and while the considerations dictating its placement were primarily military, it soon became clear that in many places it divided towns and villages, and separated farmers from their fields. Consequently, the Green Line underwent various slight adjustments, and special arrangements were made for limited movement in certain areas.<sup id="cite_ref-b_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> was divided in half, into <a href="/wiki/East_Jerusalem" title="East Jerusalem">East</a> and <a href="/wiki/West_Jerusalem" title="West Jerusalem">West Jerusalem</a>. The village of <a href="/wiki/Barta%27a" title="Barta'a">Barta'a</a>, partially due to errors on the map, was left with one third of its area on the Israeli side and two thirds outside of it. <sup id="cite_ref-b_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Avi_Shlaim" title="Avi Shlaim">Avi Shlaim</a>, in March 1949 as the Iraqi forces withdrew and handed over their positions to the Jordanian legion, Israel carried out Operation <i>Shin-Tav-Shin</i> which allowed Israel to renegotiate the ceasefire line in the <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Ara" title="Wadi Ara">Wadi Ara</a> area of the northern West Bank in a secret agreement that was incorporated into the General Armistice Agreement. The Green Line was redrawn in blue ink on the southern map to give the impression that a movement in the green line had been made.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jewish_population">Jewish population</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mandelbaum_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mandelbaum_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg/220px-Mandelbaum_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mandelbaum_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg/330px-Mandelbaum_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mandelbaum_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg/440px-Mandelbaum_Gate_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Barbed wire separating East and West Jerusalem at <a href="/wiki/Mandelbaum_Gate" title="Mandelbaum Gate">Mandelbaum Gate</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the war in 1947–48, Jews residing east of what subsequently became the Line, including the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Quarter_(Jerusalem)" title="Jewish Quarter (Jerusalem)">Jewish Quarter</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old City (Jerusalem)">Old City</a>, were taken prisoner by the Jordanians. All but a few of the <a href="/wiki/Gush_Etzion" title="Gush Etzion">Gush Etzion</a> <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Etzion_massacre" title="Kfar Etzion massacre">defenders were massacred</a>. The prisoners were returned to Israel after the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Yuval_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuval-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On July 8, 1948, the Jewish inhabitants of <a href="/wiki/Kfar_Darom" title="Kfar Darom">Kfar Darom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naharayim" title="Naharayim">Naharayim</a> were evacuated by Israel due to military pressure by Egypt and Jordan. Israel also withdrew from villages in the Lebanese Upper <a href="/wiki/Galilee" title="Galilee">Galilee</a>, whereas Syria withdrew from <a href="/wiki/Mishmar_HaYarden" title="Mishmar HaYarden">Mishmar HaYarden</a>. </p><p>Since Israel's victory in the <a href="/wiki/Six-Day_War" title="Six-Day War">Six-Day War</a>, Israel has established settlements south and east of the Line. These have been strongly criticised by other nations. </p><p>Many Israelis believe that the settlements are important to Israel's security and also support the settlements ideologically. In contrast, many Israelis believe the settlements are an economic burden and a barrier to peace.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From August to September 2005, Israel implemented a <a href="/wiki/Israel%27s_unilateral_disengagement_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Israel's unilateral disengagement plan">unilateral disengagement plan</a> in which the entire Jewish population of the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a> was evacuated. In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Ehud_Olmert" title="Ehud Olmert">Ehud Olmert</a> proposed a <a href="/wiki/Convergence_plan" class="mw-redirect" title="Convergence plan">convergence plan</a> that called for Israel to disengage, unilaterally, if necessary, from much of the West Bank (east of the line). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arab_population">Arab population</h3></div> <p>The majority of <a href="/wiki/Palestinians" title="Palestinians">Palestinian Arabs</a> on the Israeli side of the Line <a href="/wiki/1948_Palestinian_exodus" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Palestinian exodus">fled or were expelled</a> during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War (around 720,000). Those who remained became Israeli citizens and now comprise approximately 20 per cent of Israel's total citizenry. The <a href="/wiki/Umm_al-Fahm" title="Umm al-Fahm">Umm al-Fahm</a>–<a href="/wiki/Baqa_al-Gharbiyye" title="Baqa al-Gharbiyye">Baqa al-Gharbiyye</a>–<a href="/wiki/Tira,_Israel" title="Tira, Israel">Tira</a> area, known as the "<a href="/wiki/Triangle_(Israel)" title="Triangle (Israel)">Triangle</a>," was originally designated to fall under <a href="/wiki/Jordan" title="Jordan">Jordanian</a> jurisdiction, but Israel insisted on having it within its side of the Green Line side due to military and strategic reasons. To achieve this, a territorial swap was negotiated, ceding to Jordan the Israeli territory in the southern hills of <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> in exchange for the Triangle villages in <a href="/wiki/Wadi_Ara" title="Wadi Ara">Wadi Ara</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Yuval_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yuval-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the Six-Day War, Israel occupied <a href="/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories" title="Israeli-occupied territories">territories beyond the Green Line</a> that were inhabited by over a million Palestinian Arabs, including refugees from the 1947–1949 war.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Green Line remained the administrative border between these territories (with the exception of Jerusalem) and the areas on the Israeli side of the Green Line. </p><p>In 1967, Israel annexed East Jerusalem and gave its Arab inhabitants <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residency" title="Permanent residency">permanent residency</a> status. They were also entitled to apply for Israeli citizenship. Domestically, Israel attempted to emphasize the status of East Jerusalem as part of Israel by its 1980 Jerusalem Law. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 478">United Nations Security Council Resolution 478</a> deemed the law null and void, and this status has not been recognised by any other nation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1981, the <a href="/wiki/Knesset" title="Knesset">Knesset</a> enacted the <a href="/wiki/Golan_Heights_Law" title="Golan Heights Law">Golan Heights Law</a>, ostensibly as a reaction to Syrian provocations. This extended the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a> to the Golan Heights.<sup id="cite_ref-Golan_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golan-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (It was also thought to have been motivated by the recent US AWACS sale to Saudi Arabia.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) This act was widely considered an informal annexation. It was criticized by the United States as a violation of the Camp David Accords<sup id="cite_ref-Golan_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Golan-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and condemned by the UN Security Council in <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 497">Resolution 497</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_maps">Official maps</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GreenLine1967-1969.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/GreenLine1967-1969.png/220px-GreenLine1967-1969.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="360" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/GreenLine1967-1969.png/330px-GreenLine1967-1969.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/GreenLine1967-1969.png/440px-GreenLine1967-1969.png 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="2978" /></a><figcaption>Erasure of the Green Line on official Israel maps after 1967 (Galilee pan-handle example)</figcaption></figure> <p>In October and November 1967, the Israeli security cabinet passed resolutions to remove the Green Line from official maps.<sup id="cite_ref-Akevot_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akevot-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decision was classified "top secret" and a media blackout was imposed.<sup id="cite_ref-Akevot_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akevot-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Printing of the new maps was delayed until a UN General Assembly meeting finished.<sup id="cite_ref-Akevot_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akevot-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a consequence of the decision, the <a href="/wiki/Survey_of_Israel" title="Survey of Israel">Survey of Israel</a>'s official maps began to omit the Green Line and the armistice line with Egypt, while the armistice lines with Jordan and Lebanon were relabeled as ceasefire lines.<sup id="cite_ref-Akevot_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Akevot-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, the <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv-Yafo_Municipality" title="Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality">Tel Aviv-Yafo Municipality</a> sent maps to its schools that indicated the Green Line contrary to usual practice.<sup id="cite_ref-Schools2022_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schools2022-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor explained the decision as "It's important to us that students know Israel's sovereign borders and the complex reality in areas where Jewish citizens of Israel and Arabs under the Palestinian Authority's control live side by side".<sup id="cite_ref-Schools2022_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schools2022-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Education_(Israel)" title="Ministry of Education (Israel)">Education Ministry</a> told the municipality that the maps must not be used "even as a poster on the wall".<sup id="cite_ref-Schools2022_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schools2022-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Israeli–Palestinian_conflict"><span id="Israeli.E2.80.93Palestinian_conflict"></span>Israeli–Palestinian conflict</h2></div> <p>In a December 1969 speech, US Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/William_P._Rogers" title="William P. Rogers">William P. Rogers</a> said that "any changes in the pre-existing [1949 armistice] lines should not reflect the weight of conquest and should be confined to insubstantial alterations required for mutual security. We do not support <a href="/wiki/Expansionism" title="Expansionism">expansionism</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-Schwebel_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwebel-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a> law professor <a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Schwebel" title="Stephen M. Schwebel">Stephen M. Schwebel</a> responded that "...modifications of the 1949 armistice lines among those States within former Palestinian territory are lawful (if not necessarily desirable), whether those modifications are...'insubstantial alterations required for mutual security' or more substantial alterations—such as recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the whole of Jerusalem." In a footnote, he wrote: "It should be added that the armistice agreements of 1949 expressly preserved the territorial claims of all parties and did not purport to establish definitive boundaries between them."<sup id="cite_ref-Schwebel_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schwebel-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The question of whether, or to what extent, Israel should withdraw its population and forces to its side of the Green Line remains a crucial issue in some discussions surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_conflict" title="Israeli–Palestinian conflict">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a>. There is a near-unanimous international consensus that Israel should withdraw to its side of the line. This has been expressed in the yearly <a href="/wiki/UN_General_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="UN General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> vote on the Peaceful Settlement of the Question of Palestine.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although disputed by Israel, <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 242">United Nations Security Council Resolution 242</a> (UNSC 242)<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> has declared the interpretation of international law regarding <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Territories" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian Territories">Palestinian Territory</a>. </p><p>The Palestinians were not party to the drawing of the Green Line and they rejected UNSC 242, saying that it did not call for an independent Palestinian state, and referred to them as refugees. Since 1976, most elements in the <a href="/wiki/PLO" class="mw-redirect" title="PLO">PLO</a> have accepted the pre-June 1967 line as a basis for the establishment of a Palestinian state.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1980s, American intellectual <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a> argued that Israeli claims that the Palestinian leadership rejected the international consensus calling for a Palestinian state, with borders along the Green Line, were not consistent with the documented record.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2008 <i>Al Jazeera</i> and <i>Haaretz</i> both reported that elements in the Palestinian leadership, even inside <a href="/wiki/Hamas" title="Hamas">Hamas</a>, have called for a two-state settlement based on the pre-June 1967 borders (the Green Line).<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although Hamas' official policy is committed to Israel's destruction, <a href="/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh" title="Ismail Haniyeh">Ismail Haniyeh</a>, the prime minister of the <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_National_Unity_Government_of_March_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian National Unity Government of March 2007">Palestinian unity government</a> until June 2007, suggested that a long-term truce with Israel could be achieved if Israel withdrew from territory occupied in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (January 2014)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The majority of the Israeli public opposes reverting to pre-1967 borders. A 2011 study found that, because of security concerns, 77 per cent of Israelis oppose returning to pre-1967 lines, even if it would lead to peace between Israel and neighboring Arab states.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Israeli_West_Bank_barrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli West Bank barrier">Israeli West Bank barrier</a> constructed in the early 21st century is, in parts, kilometres away from the Green Line and most lies within Palestinian territory.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barbed_wire_fence_separating_PA_territory_from_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barbed_wire_fence_separating_PA_territory_from_Israel.jpg/220px-Barbed_wire_fence_separating_PA_territory_from_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barbed_wire_fence_separating_PA_territory_from_Israel.jpg/330px-Barbed_wire_fence_separating_PA_territory_from_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Barbed_wire_fence_separating_PA_territory_from_Israel.jpg/440px-Barbed_wire_fence_separating_PA_territory_from_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Barbed wire fence separating Palestinian Authority from Israel at the former Israeli-Jordanian Green Line</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Physical_and_social_perceptions_of_the_Green_Line">Physical and social perceptions of the Green Line</h2></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebrew University">Hebrew University</a> geographer Ilan Salomon, the Green Line can be discerned from space via satellite; it is marked by pine forests planted by the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_National_Fund" title="Jewish National Fund">Jewish National Fund</a> to demarcate Israeli territory. Salomon and Larissa Fleishman conducted a 2006 study regarding Israeli students' knowledge of the location of the Green Line, and they found that not much more than one third could identify its placement. They learned that "students who identify with left-leaning parties are more familiar with the location of the <a href="/wiki/West_Bank" title="West Bank">West Bank</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gaza_Strip" title="Gaza Strip">Gaza Strip</a>, can sketch them more accurately and are also more aware of the nature of borders."<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/At_the_Green_Line" title="At the Green Line">At the Green Line</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/48px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/64px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Israel" title="Portal:Israel">Israel portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Palestine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Palestine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Palestine" title="Portal:Palestine">Palestine portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Line_(Lebanon)" class="mw-redirect" title="Blue Line (Lebanon)">Blue Line (Lebanon)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli%E2%80%93Palestinian_peace_process" title="Israeli–Palestinian peace process">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_Armistice_Commissions" title="Mixed Armistice Commissions">Mixed Armistice Commissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Purple_Line_(ceasefire_line)" title="Purple Line (ceasefire line)">Purple Line</a>, the ceasefire line between Israel and Syria after the 1967 Six-Day War</li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Line_(Jerusalem)" title="City Line (Jerusalem)">City Line (Jerusalem)</a>, segment of the Green Line that divided the city of Jerusalem from 1948 to 1967</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seam_Zone" title="Seam Zone">Seam Zone</a>, areas in the West Bank located east of the Green Line and west of Israel's separation barrier</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSella1986" class="citation journal cs1">Sella, Amnon (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283114">"Custodians and Redeemers: Israeli Leaders' Perceptions of Peace, 1967-79"</a>. <i>Middle Eastern Studies</i>. <b>22</b> (2): 236–251. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263208608700661">10.1080/00263208608700661</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283114">4283114</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=Custodians+and+Redeemers%3A+Israeli+Leaders%27+Perceptions+of+Peace%2C+1967-79&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=236-251&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263208608700661&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4283114%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sella&rft.aufirst=Amnon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4283114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-08-18/ty-article/.premium/netanyahu-coalition-to-fund-w-bank-settlements-lacking-official-independent-status/0000018a-07be-d18f-a3fb-17ff3b0b0000">"Netanyahu Coalition to Recognize, Fund W. Bank Settlements Lacking Official Status"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+Coalition+to+Recognize%2C+Fund+W.+Bank+Settlements+Lacking+Official+Status&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-08-18%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fnetanyahu-coalition-to-fund-w-bank-settlements-lacking-official-independent-status%2F0000018a-07be-d18f-a3fb-17ff3b0b0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/unispal/document/auto-insert-177326/">"Human rights situation in the OPT - Sp. Rapporteur (Dugard) - Report, SecGen note"</a>. <i>Question of Palestine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Question+of+Palestine&rft.atitle=Human+rights+situation+in+the+OPT+-+Sp.+Rapporteur+%28Dugard%29+-+Report%2C+SecGen+note&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Funispal%2Fdocument%2Fauto-insert-177326%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard_Lewis1993" class="citation book cs1">Bernard Lewis (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xUQdbUlidegC&pg=PA164"><i>Islam in history: ideas, people, and events in the Middle East</i></a>. Open Court Publishing. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9518-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8126-9518-2"><bdi>978-0-8126-9518-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+in+history%3A+ideas%2C+people%2C+and+events+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Open+Court+Publishing&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8126-9518-2&rft.au=Bernard+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxUQdbUlidegC%26pg%3DPA164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EgyIsr-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EgyIsr_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/9EC4A332E2FF9A128525643D007702E6">Egypt Israel</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140525024736/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/9EC4A332E2FF9A128525643D007702E6">Archived</a> 2014-05-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Armistice Agreement UN Doc S/1264/Corr.1 23 February 1949</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Obama calls for Israel's return to pre-1967 borders" By Tom Cohen, CNN, May 19, 2011 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/19/obama.israel.palestinians/index.html">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-20179980">"Palestinian leader Abbas affirms hope for state in pre-1967 lines"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2012-11-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Palestinian+leader+Abbas+affirms+hope+for+state+in+pre-1967+lines&rft.date=2012-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-20179980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Committee on the Exercise of the Inalienable Rights of the Palestinian People (CEIRPP) is mandated by the UN General Assembly to (...) support the peace process for the achievement of the two-State solution on the basis of pre-1967 borders..." <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/home.htm">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151025110433/http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/home.htm">Archived</a> 2015-10-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, "A/RES/67/120 Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan" Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 18 December 2012 <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.un.org/en/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/67/120">[3]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Green Line: the name given to the 1949 Armistice lines that constituted the <i>de facto</i> borders of pre-1967 Israel — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/israel/il_glos.html">"Glossary: Israel"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yuval-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yuval_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yuval_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yuval_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYisrael_Ya'akov2005" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Yisrael Ya'akov, Yuval (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.am-oved.co.il/product?BSP=13468&C1010=15881">"Where is the Green Line"</a>. <i>Two Thousand</i> (in Hebrew).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Two+Thousand&rft.atitle=Where+is+the+Green+Line&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Yisrael+Ya%27akov&rft.aufirst=Yuval&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.am-oved.co.il%2Fproduct%3FBSP%3D13468%26C1010%3D15881&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Akiva Eldar, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArtPE.jhtml?itemNo=797884">"What is the Green Line"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605050548/http://www.haaretz.co.il/hasite/pages/ShArtPE.jhtml?itemNo=797884">Archived</a> 2011-06-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i>, July 21, 2006 <span class="languageicon">(in Hebrew)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Aust-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Aust_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Aust_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAust2010" class="citation book cs1">Aust, Anthony (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=74Zmct-7hGIC&pg=PA27"><i>Handbook of International Law</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-13349-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-13349-4"><bdi>978-0-521-13349-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+International+Law&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-521-13349-4&rft.aulast=Aust&rft.aufirst=Anthony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D74Zmct-7hGIC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lustick-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lustick_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lustick_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLustick1997" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ian_Lustick" title="Ian Lustick">Lustick, Ian</a> (January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070610193118/http://www.mepc.org/journal_vol5/9701_lustick.asp">"Has Israel Annexed East Jerusalem?"</a>. <i>Middle East Policy</i>. <b>V</b> (1). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mepc.org/journal_vol5/9701_lustick.asp">the original</a> on 2007-06-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-07-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Policy&rft.atitle=Has+Israel+Annexed+East+Jerusalem%3F&rft.volume=V&rft.issue=1&rft.date=1997-01&rft.aulast=Lustick&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mepc.org%2Fjournal_vol5%2F9701_lustick.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Karoubi-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Karoubi_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaroubi2004" class="citation book cs1">Karoubi, Mohammad Taghi (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D9mI3Nqug5EC&pg=PA120"><i>Just or unjust war? International Law and Unilateral Use of Armed Force by States at the Turn of the 20th Century</i></a>. Ashgate Publishing. p. 120. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-2375-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-2375-5"><bdi>978-0-7546-2375-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Just+or+unjust+war%3F+International+Law+and+Unilateral+Use+of+Armed+Force+by+States+at+the+Turn+of+the+20th+Century&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-2375-5&rft.aulast=Karoubi&rft.aufirst=Mohammad+Taghi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD9mI3Nqug5EC%26pg%3DPA120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-b_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-b_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Yossi Alpher, et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bitterlemons.org/previous/bl240203ed8.html">"The green line"</a>, <i>Palestinian–Israeli crossfire</i>, Edition 8, February 24, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Politics of Partition; King Abdullah, The Zionists, and Palestine 1921–1951 Avi Shlaim Oxford University Press Revised Edition 2004 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829459-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-829459-7">978-0-19-829459-7</a> pp. 299, 312</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.walla.co.il/item/2650176">"סקר: יותר ישראלים רואים במתנחלים "מכשול לשלום"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Walla!" class="mw-redirect" title="Walla!">Walla!</a></i>. 11 June 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Walla%21&rft.atitle=%D7%A1%D7%A7%D7%A8%3A+%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%91%D7%9E%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D+%22%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9C+%D7%9C%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D%22&rft.date=2016-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.walla.co.il%2Fitem%2F2650176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The new territories more than doubled the size of pre-1967 Israel, placing under Israel's control more than 1 million Palestinian Arabs ... In November 1967 ... UN Security Council Resolution 242, called for "withdrawal of Israeli armed forces from territories occupied in the recent conflict" in exchange for Arab acceptance of Israel — <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://countrystudies.us/israel/25.htm">"Israel: 1967 and Afterward"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Country_Studies" title="Library of Congress Country Studies">Library of Congress Country Studies</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120509221911/http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/b86613e7d92097880525672e007227a7/6de6da8a650b4c3b852560df00663826?OpenDocument">"S/RES/476 (1980) of 30 June 1980"</a>. <i>domino.un.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/b86613e7d92097880525672e007227a7/6de6da8a650b4c3b852560df00663826?OpenDocument">the original</a> on 9 May 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=domino.un.org&rft.atitle=S%2FRES%2F476+%281980%29+of+30+June+1980&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2Fb86613e7d92097880525672e007227a7%2F6de6da8a650b4c3b852560df00663826%3FOpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Golan-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Golan_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Golan_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/big/1214.html">"The Golan Heights Annexed by Israel in an Abrupt Move"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Golan+Heights+Annexed+by+Israel+in+an+Abrupt+Move&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbig%2F1214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://israeled.org/golan-heights-law/">"Golan Heights Law - Center for Israel Education"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Golan+Heights+Law+-+Center+for+Israel+Education&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fisraeled.org%2Fgolan-heights-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612120152/http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/73D6B4C70D1A92B7852560DF0064F101">"S/RES/497 (1981) of 17 December 1981"</a>. <i>unispal.un.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/73D6B4C70D1A92B7852560DF0064F101">the original</a> on 12 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-10-01</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unispal.un.org&rft.atitle=S%2FRES%2F497+%281981%29+of+17+December+1981&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funispal.un.org%2FUNISPAL.NSF%2F0%2F73D6B4C70D1A92B7852560DF0064F101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Akevot-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Akevot_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akevot_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akevot_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Akevot_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211129113607/https://www.akevot.org.il/en/article/erasure-of-green-line/?full">"Erasure of the Green Line"</a>. <i>Akevot</i>. Institute for Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Research. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akevot.org.il/en/article/erasure-of-green-line/?full">the original</a> on 29 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Akevot&rft.atitle=Erasure+of+the+Green+Line&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akevot.org.il%2Fen%2Farticle%2Ferasure-of-green-line%2F%3Ffull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Survey of Israel, 1:50,000 map series, 1965–1970.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaz2022" class="citation news cs1">Raz, Adam (September 9, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-09-09/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/why-israel-secretly-decided-to-erase-the-green-line/00000183-1ec6-da20-a1f3-def77b8d0000">"Why Israel Secretly Decided to Erase the Green Line"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Why+Israel+Secretly+Decided+to+Erase+the+Green+Line&rft.date=2022-09-09&rft.aulast=Raz&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2022-09-09%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.highlight%2Fwhy-israel-secretly-decided-to-erase-the-green-line%2F00000183-1ec6-da20-a1f3-def77b8d0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schools2022-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schools2022_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schools2022_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schools2022_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKashti2022" class="citation news cs1">Kashti, Or (August 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2022-08-23/ty-article/.highlight/tel-aviv-schools-barred-from-using-map-of-israel-showing-green-line/00000182-c71f-dae5-a58e-d79fc42e0000">"Tel Aviv and the Israeli Government Spar Over School Maps Showing 1967 Borders"</a>. <i>Haaretz</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Tel+Aviv+and+the+Israeli+Government+Spar+Over+School+Maps+Showing+1967+Borders&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft.aulast=Kashti&rft.aufirst=Or&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2022-08-23%2Fty-article%2F.highlight%2Ftel-aviv-schools-barred-from-using-map-of-israel-showing-green-line%2F00000182-c71f-dae5-a58e-d79fc42e0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schwebel-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schwebel_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schwebel_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwebel1970" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_M._Schwebel" title="Stephen M. Schwebel">Schwebel, Stephen M.</a> (1970). "What weight to conquest?". <i>American Journal of International Law</i>. <b>64</b> (2): 344–347. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2198669">10.2307/2198669</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2198669">2198669</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:204351205">204351205</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+International+Law&rft.atitle=What+weight+to+conquest%3F&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=344-347&rft.date=1970&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A204351205%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2198669%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2198669&rft.aulast=Schwebel&rft.aufirst=Stephen+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span>; reprinted in <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._M._Schwebel1994" class="citation book cs1">S. M. Schwebel (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/justiceininterna0000schw/page/524"><i>Justice in international law: selected writings of Stephen M. Schwebel</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 524. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46284-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-46284-6"><bdi>978-0-521-46284-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Justice+in+international+law%3A+selected+writings+of+Stephen+M.+Schwebel&rft.pages=524&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-521-46284-6&rft.au=S.+M.+Schwebel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjusticeininterna0000schw%2Fpage%2F524&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Moughrabi, Fouad, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2536793">"The International Consensus on the Palestine Question"</a>, <i>Journal of Palestine Studies</i>, 1987</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlack1992" class="citation web cs1">Black, Eric (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/oslo/parallel/8.html">"Parallel Realities - Resolution 242 And The Aftermath Of 1967 | Shattered Dreams Of Peace"</a>. <i>PBS/<a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Star_Tribune" title="Minnesota Star Tribune">Star Tribune</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS%2FStar+Tribune&rft.atitle=Parallel+Realities+-+Resolution+242+And+The+Aftermath+Of+1967+%7C+Shattered+Dreams+Of+Peace&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Fshows%2Foslo%2Fparallel%2F8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Foreign%20Relations/Israels%20Foreign%20Relations%20since%201947/1974-1977/148%20Draft%20Resolution%20The%20Middle%20East%20problem-%20Secu">"Draft Resolution 'The Middle East problem', Security Council document S/11940, 23 January 1976"</a> Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Retrieved 22 September 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chomsky, Noam, <i>The Fateful Triangle: The United States, Israel and the Palestinians</i>, South End Press 1983/1999 pp. 95–173. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-601-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89608-601-2">978-0-89608-601-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2008/04/2008615098393788.html">"Hamas ready to accept 1967 borders"</a>, <i>Al Jazeera,</i> 22 April 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHass2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Amira_Hass" title="Amira Hass">Hass, Amira</a> (9 November 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/haniyeh-hamas-willing-to-accept-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders-1.256915">"Haniyeh: Hamas willing to accept Palestinian state with 1967 borders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Haniyeh%3A+Hamas+willing+to+accept+Palestinian+state+with+1967+borders&rft.date=2008-11-09&rft.aulast=Hass&rft.aufirst=Amira&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fhaniyeh-hamas-willing-to-accept-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders-1.256915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/5016012.stm">"Palestinian rivals: Fatah & Hamas"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2007-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-07-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Palestinian+rivals%3A+Fatah+%26+Hamas&rft.date=2007-06-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F5016012.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2011" class="citation web cs1">Hoffman, Gil (6 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Poll-77-percent-of-Israelis-oppose-going-back-to-pre-67-lines">"Poll: 77% of Israelis oppose going back to pre-'67 lines"</a>. <i>jpost.com</i>. Jerusalem Post<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jpost.com&rft.atitle=Poll%3A+77%25+of+Israelis+oppose+going+back+to+pre-%2767+lines&rft.date=2011-06-06&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Gil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDiplomacy-and-Politics%2FPoll-77-percent-of-Israelis-oppose-going-back-to-pre-67-lines&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarahona2013" class="citation book cs1">Barahona, Ana (2013). <i>Bearing Witness - Eight Weeks in Palestine</i>. London: Metete. p. 52. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908099-02-0"><bdi>978-1-908099-02-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bearing+Witness+-+Eight+Weeks+in+Palestine&rft.place=London&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Metete&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-908099-02-0&rft.aulast=Barahona&rft.aufirst=Ana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGreen+Line+%28Israel%29" class="Z3988"></span>"The Green Line"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Eldar, Akiva. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/797959.html">"Putting back the Green Line – once we find it"</a> Haaretz, December 8, 2006</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Gad Barzilai and Ilan Peleg, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/425583">"Israel and Future Borders: Assessment of a Dynamic Process"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Peace_Research" title="Journal of Peace Research">Journal of Peace Research</a></i>, Vol. 31, No. 1 (February 1994), pp. 59–73</li> <li>Bornstein, Avram S. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.upenn.edu/pennpress/book/13532.html">Crossing the Green Line Between the West Bank and Israel</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>, 2001; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meforum.org/article/545">Unfavourable review</a> by Steven Plaut, <i><a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Forum" title="Middle East Forum">Middle East Forum</a></i>, Vol. 10, No. 3, (Spring 2003); <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://muse.jhu.edu/cgi-bin/access.cgi?uri=/journals/journal_of_colonialism_and_colonial_history/v004/4.2gordon.html">Favourable review</a> by Matthew S. Gordon, <i>Journal of Colonialism and Colonial History</i>, Vol. 4, No. 2 (Fall 2003)</li> <li>S. Brian Willson, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brianwillson.com/palest_hist.html">"History of Palestine and Green Line Israel"</a>, <i>Most Dangerous of Rogue Nation</i>, 1992, Revised May 2002</li> <li>David Newman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/ibru.www/publications/showpubs.php?id=206">"Boundaries in Flux: The 'Green Line' Boundary between Israel and the West Bank – Past, Present and Future"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged October 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup>, <i>Boundary & Territory Briefings</i>, Vol. 1 no. 7, 1995.</li> <li>David Newman, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geog.bgu.ac.il/ncrd/bib/Show.asp?Action=Chapter&id=446">"The functional presence of an 'erased' boundary: The re-emergence of the 'green line'"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080306142832/http://www.geog.bgu.ac.il/ncrd/bib/Show.asp?Action=Chapter&id=446">Archived</a> 2008-03-06 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>; from Schofield C.H. and Schofield R.N. (eds.). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2624021">World Boundaries: the Middle East and North Africa</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, London, 1995 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08839-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-08839-8">978-0-415-08839-8</a>)</li> <li>Nadim Rouhana, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2537711">"The Intifada and the Palestinians of Israel: Resurrecting the Green Line"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies" title="Journal of Palestine Studies">Journal of Palestine Studies</a></i>, Vol. 19, No. 3 (Spring 1990), pp. 58–75</li> <li>Amb. Alan Baker, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120305225501/http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=442&PID=0&IID=5522&TTL=The_Fallacy_of_the_%221967_Borders%22_-_No_Such_Borders_Ever_Existed">The Fallacy of the "1967 Borders" – No Such Borders Ever Existed</a></li> <li>Amb. Dore Gold, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/land-swaps-and-1967-lines_574942.html">'Land Swaps' and the 1967 Lines</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150930120119/http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/land-swaps-and-1967-lines_574942.html">Archived</a> 2015-09-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li>Ben-Dror, Elad (2015). Ralph Bunche and the Arab–Israeli Conflict: Mediation and the UN 1947–1949,. Routledge. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-138-78988-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-138-78988-3">978-1-138-78988-3</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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Attrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1948_Tel_Aviv_bus_station_bombing" class="mw-redirect" title="1948 Tel Aviv bus station bombing">1948 Tel Aviv bus station bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavon_Affair" title="Lavon Affair">Lavon Affair</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meir_Max_Bineth" title="Meir Max Bineth">Meir Max Bineth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moshe_Marzouk" title="Moshe Marzouk">Moshe Marzouk</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Damocles" title="Operation Damocles">Operation Damocles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahr_El-Baqar_primary_school_bombing" title="Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing">Bahr El-Baqar primary school bombing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114" title="Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114">Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ras_Burqa_massacre" title="Ras Burqa massacre">Ras Burqa massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Netafim_ambush" title="Ein Netafim ambush">Ein Netafim ambush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azzam_Azzam" title="Azzam Azzam">Azzam Azzam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouda_Tarabin" title="Ouda Tarabin">Ouda Tarabin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinai_bus_crash" title="Sinai bus crash">Sinai bus crash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Hezbollah_plot_in_Egypt" title="2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt">2009 Hezbollah plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilan_Grapel_affair" title="Ilan Grapel affair">Ilan Grapel affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks" title="2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks">2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_attack_on_the_Israeli_Embassy_in_Egypt" title="2011 attack on the Israeli Embassy in Egypt">2011 attack on Israeli Embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_border_shooting_incident" title="2023 Egypt–Israel border shooting incident">2023 border shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_Alexandria_shooting" title="2023 Alexandria shooting">2023 Alexandria shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rafah_offensive" title="Rafah offensive">Rafah offensive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_barrier" title="Egypt–Israel barrier">Barrier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Green Line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks" title="Palestinian autonomy talks">Palestinian autonomy talks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Air_Sinai" title="Air Sinai">Air Sinai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_Hotel_%26_Nelson_Village" class="mw-redirect" title="Taba Hotel & Nelson Village">Taba Hotel & Nelson Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azazima" title="Azazima">Azazima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaakov_Abuhatzeira" title="Yaakov Abuhatzeira">Yaakov Abuhatzeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Egypt%E2%80%93Israel_relations" 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