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class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div 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class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-计算机视觉的发展现状" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#计算机视觉的发展现状"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>计算机视觉的发展现状</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-计算机视觉的发展现状-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-相邻领域的异同" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#相邻领域的异同"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>相邻领域的异同</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-相邻领域的异同-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-计算机视觉的经典问题" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#计算机视觉的经典问题"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>计算机视觉的经典问题</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-计算机视觉的经典问题-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关计算机视觉的经典问题子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-计算机视觉的经典问题-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-识别" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#识别"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>识别</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-识别-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-运动" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#运动"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>运动</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-运动-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-场景重建" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#场景重建"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>场景重建</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-场景重建-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-图像恢复" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#图像恢复"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>图像恢复</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-图像恢复-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-计算机视觉系统" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#计算机视觉系统"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>计算机视觉系统</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-计算机视觉系统-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-影響視覺系統的要件" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#影響視覺系統的要件"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>影響視覺系統的要件</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-影響視覺系統的要件-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外部連結" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外部連結"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>外部連結</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外部連結-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">计算机视觉</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。50种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rekenaarvisie" title="Rekenaarvisie – 南非荷兰语" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Rekenaarvisie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="南非荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A4%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="رؤية حاسوبية – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رؤية حاسوبية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komp%C3%BCter_g%C3%B6r%C3%BCn%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BC" title="Kompüter görünüşü – 阿塞拜疆语" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kompüter görünüşü" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="阿塞拜疆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1_%DA%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%85%D9%87" title="کامپيوتر گؤرمه – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کامپيوتر گؤرمه" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%E2%80%99%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Камп’ютарны зрок – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Камп’ютарны зрок" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Компютърно зрение – 保加利亚语" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Компютърно зрение" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="保加利亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarski_vid" title="Računarski vid – 波斯尼亚语" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Računarski vid" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="波斯尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi%C3%B3_artificial" title="Visió artificial – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Visió artificial" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%C4%8D%C3%ADta%C4%8Dov%C3%A9_vid%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Počítačové vidění – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Počítačové vidění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_Vision" title="Computer Vision – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Computer Vision" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%B7%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Μηχανική όραση – 希腊语" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μηχανική όραση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="希腊语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision" title="Computer vision – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Computer vision" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi%C3%B3n_artificial" title="Visión artificial – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Visión artificial" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arvutin%C3%A4gemine" title="Arvutinägemine – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arvutinägemine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikusmen_artifizial" title="Ikusmen artifizial – 巴斯克语" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ikusmen artifizial" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="巴斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="بینایی رایانه‌ای – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بینایی رایانه‌ای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tietokonen%C3%A4k%C3%B6" title="Tietokonenäkö – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tietokonenäkö" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_par_ordinateur" title="Vision par ordinateur – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Vision par ordinateur" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi%C3%B3n_artificial" title="Visión artificial – 加利西亚语" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Visión artificial" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="加利西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94_%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%A9%D7%91%D7%AA" title="ראייה ממוחשבת – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ראייה ממוחשבת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalni_vid" title="Računalni vid – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Računalni vid" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A3%D5%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Համակարգչային տեսլական – 亚美尼亚语" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Համակարգչային տեսլական" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="亚美尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_numeric" title="Vision numeric – 国际语" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Vision numeric" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="国际语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visi_komputer" title="Visi komputer – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Visi komputer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visione_artificiale" title="Visione artificiale – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Visione artificiale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%94%E3%83%A5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%93%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3" title="コンピュータビジョン – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コンピュータビジョン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%96_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Бейнелерді тану – 哈萨克语" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бейнелерді тану" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="哈萨克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BB%B4%ED%93%A8%ED%84%B0_%EB%B9%84%EC%A0%84" title="컴퓨터 비전 – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="컴퓨터 비전" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%BD%D2%AF%D1%88" title="Компьютердик көрүнүш – 柯尔克孜语" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Компьютердик көрүнүш" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="柯尔克孜语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datorredze" title="Datorredze – 拉脱维亚语" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Datorredze" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="拉脱维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%BB" title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ വിഷൻ – 马拉雅拉姆语" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കമ്പ്യൂട്ടർ വിഷൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="马拉雅拉姆语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਵਿਜ਼ਨ – 旁遮普语" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੰਪਿਊਟਰ ਵਿਜ਼ਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="旁遮普语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rozpoznawanie_obraz%C3%B3w" title="Rozpoznawanie obrazów – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rozpoznawanie obrazów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BC%D8%B1%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AF" title="کمپيوټرليد – 普什图语" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کمپيوټرليد" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="普什图语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vis%C3%A3o_computacional" title="Visão computacional – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Visão computacional" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anta%C3%B1iqiq_rikuy" title="Antañiqiq rikuy – 克丘亚语" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Antañiqiq rikuy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="克丘亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Компьютерное зрение – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Компьютерное зрение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunarski_vid" title="Računarski vid – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Računarski vid" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_vision" title="Computer vision – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Computer vision" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ra%C4%8Dunalni%C5%A1ki_vid" title="Računalniški vid – 斯洛文尼亚语" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Računalniški vid" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="斯洛文尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizioni_kompjuterik" title="Vizioni kompjuterik – 阿尔巴尼亚语" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Vizioni kompjuterik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="阿尔巴尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Рачунарски вид – 塞尔维亚语" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Рачунарски вид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datorseende" title="Datorseende – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Datorseende" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A7%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="คอมพิวเตอร์วิทัศน์ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คอมพิวเตอร์วิทัศน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgisayarl%C4%B1_g%C3%B6r%C3%BC" title="Bilgisayarlı görü – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bilgisayarlı görü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%27%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D1%96%D1%80" title="Комп'ютерний зір – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Комп'ютерний зір" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%B1_%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%98%D9%86" title="کمپیوٹر ویژن – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کمپیوٹر ویژن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%8B_gi%C3%A1c_m%C3%A1y_t%C3%ADnh" title="Thị giác máy tính – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thị giác máy tính" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C4%81n-n%C3%A1u_s%C4%AB-kak" title="Tiān-náu sī-kak – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tiān-náu sī-kak" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%BB%E8%85%A6%E8%A6%96%E8%A6%BA" title="電腦視覺 – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="電腦視覺" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q844240#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" rel="discussion" title="关于此页面的讨论[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left-color:#f28500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left-color:#fc3!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left-color:#9932cc!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left-color:#a2a9b1!important}}</style><table class="box-Refimprove plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tango-nosources.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/45px-Tango-nosources.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tango-nosources.svg/68px-Tango-nosources.svg.png 1.5x, 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E5%8F%AF%E9%9D%A0%E6%9D%A5%E6%BA%90" title="Wikipedia:可靠来源">判定指引</a>）。</small></span><span class="hide-when-compact"></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div id="noteTA-20f335bf" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-group"><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="IT"></div><div data-noteta-group-source="module" data-noteta-group="Electronics"></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a>系列内容</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dall-e_3_(jan_%2724)_artificial_intelligence_icon.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dall-e_3_%28jan_%2724%29_artificial_intelligence_icon.png/160px-Dall-e_3_%28jan_%2724%29_artificial_intelligence_icon.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dall-e_3_%28jan_%2724%29_artificial_intelligence_icon.png/240px-Dall-e_3_%28jan_%2724%29_artificial_intelligence_icon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Dall-e_3_%28jan_%2724%29_artificial_intelligence_icon.png/320px-Dall-e_3_%28jan_%2724%29_artificial_intelligence_icon.png 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center">主要目标</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%AF%86%E8%A1%A8%E7%A4%BA" title="知识表示">知识表示</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="自动规划和调度" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Automated planning and scheduling"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%87%AA%E5%8A%A8%E8%A7%84%E5%88%92%E5%92%8C%E8%B0%83%E5%BA%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="自动规划和调度（页面不存在）">自动规划</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_planning_and_scheduling" class="extiw" title="en:Automated planning and scheduling"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Automated planning and scheduling</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="自然语言处理">語言處理</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">电脑视觉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%AD%A6" title="机器人学">机器人学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" title="通用人工智慧">強人工智慧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B1%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" title="弱人工智慧">弱人工智慧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%AF%B9%E9%BD%90" title="人工智能对齐">人工智能对齐</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center">实现方式</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%A6%E8%99%9F%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="符號人工智能">符号人工智能</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B1%E5%BA%A6%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="深度学习">深度学习</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%9D%E6%B0%8F%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF" title="貝氏網路">貝氏網路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9B%E5%8C%96%E7%AE%97%E6%B3%95" title="进化算法">进化算法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B7%E5%90%88%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%B3%BB%E7%B5%B1" title="混合智能系統">混合智能系統</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%BC%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" title="生成式人工智慧">生成式人工智慧</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%B8" title="人工智能哲學">人工智能哲學</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能伦理" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Ethics of artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E4%BC%A6%E7%90%86&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能伦理（页面不存在）">伦理</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Ethics of artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Ethics of artificial intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能安全" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="AI safety"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%AE%89%E5%85%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能安全（页面不存在）">人工智能安全</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_safety" class="extiw" title="en:AI safety"><span lang="en" dir="auto">AI safety</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B9%BB%E8%A7%89_(%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD)" title="幻觉 (人工智能)">幻觉</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能的存在风险" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9A%84%E5%AD%98%E5%9C%A8%E9%A3%8E%E9%99%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能的存在风险（页面不存在）">存在风险</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Existential risk from artificial general intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Existential risk from artificial general intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E7%81%B5%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95" title="图灵测试">图灵测试</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E6%88%BF%E9%97%B4" title="中文房间">中文房间</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%A3%E9%87%8B%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7" title="可解釋人工智慧">可解釋人工智慧</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="友好的人工智能" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Friendly artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8F%8B%E5%A5%BD%E7%9A%84%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="友好的人工智能（页面不存在）">友好的人工智能</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Friendly artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Friendly artificial intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能监管" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Regulation of artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%9B%91%E7%AE%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能监管（页面不存在）">人工智能监管</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regulation_of_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Regulation of artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Regulation of artificial intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%B2" title="人工智能史">历史</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能时间轴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Timeline of artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%97%B6%E9%97%B4%E8%BD%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能时间轴（页面不存在）">时间轴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Timeline of artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Timeline of artificial intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能发展" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Progress in artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%8F%91%E5%B1%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能发展（页面不存在）">发展</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progress_in_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Progress in artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Progress in artificial intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E6%85%A7%E4%BD%8E%E8%B0%B7" title="人工智慧低谷">人工智慧低谷</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%83%AD%E6%BD%AE" title="人工智能热潮">人工智能热潮</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%B3%95%E6%A1%88" title="人工智能法案">人工智能法案</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center">技术</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能应用" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Applications of artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%BA%94%E7%94%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能应用（页面不存在）">应用</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Applications of artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Applications of artificial intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能项目列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of artificial intelligence projects"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能项目列表（页面不存在）">项目</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artificial_intelligence_projects" class="extiw" title="en:List of artificial intelligence projects"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of artificial intelligence projects</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能编程语言列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of programming languages for artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%BC%96%E7%A8%8B%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能编程语言列表（页面不存在）">编程语言</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_programming_languages_for_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:List of programming languages for artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of programming languages for artificial intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center">术语</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="人工智能术语表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Glossary of artificial intelligence"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%9C%AF%E8%AF%AD%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="人工智能术语表（页面不存在）">术语</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence" class="extiw" title="en:Glossary of artificial intelligence"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Glossary of artificial intelligence</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar" style="line-height:1.6"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84244141">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="Template:人工智能"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="Template talk:人工智能"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:人工智能"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/240px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/360px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg/480px-NASA_Mars_Rover.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>NASA火星探測車的雙攝影機系統</figcaption></figure> <p><b>计算机视觉</b>（Computer vision）是一门研究如何使机器“<a href="/wiki/%E7%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="看">看</a>”的科学，更进一步的说，就是指用<a href="/wiki/%E6%91%84%E5%BD%B1%E6%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="摄影机">摄影机</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E5%AD%90%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA" title="电子计算机">计算机</a>代替人眼对目标进行识别、跟踪和测量等<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="机器视觉">机器视觉</a>，并进一步做<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="图像处理">图像处理</a>，用计算机处理成为更适合人眼观察或传送给仪器检测的图像<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>作为一門科学学科，计算机视觉研究相关的理论和技术，试图建立能够从图像或者多维数据中获取「信息」的人工智能系统。这里所指的信息指<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E5%8B%9E%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%A4%8F%E8%BE%B2" class="mw-redirect" title="克勞德·夏農">香农</a>定义的，可以用来帮助做一个“决定”的信息。因为感知可以看作是从感官信号中提取信息，所以计算机视觉也可以看作是研究如何使人工系统从图像或多维数据中“感知”的科学。 </p><p>作为一个工程学科，计算机视觉寻求基于相关理论与模型来建立<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="计算机视觉系统（页面不存在）">计算机视觉系统</a>。这类系统的组成部分包括： </p> <ol><li>过程控制（例如工业<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA" title="机器人">机器人</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A1%E4%BA%BA%E9%A7%95%E9%A7%9B%E6%B1%BD%E8%BB%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="無人駕駛汽車">无人驾驶汽车</a>）</li> <li>事件监测（例如<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E7%9B%91%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图像监测（页面不存在）">图像监测</a>）</li> <li>信息组织（例如图像数据库和图像序列的索引建立）</li> <li>物体与环境建模（例如工业检查，医学图像分析和拓扑建模）</li> <li>交感互动（例如人机互动的输入设备）</li></ol> <p>计算机视觉同样可以被看作是生物视觉的一个补充。在生物视觉领域中，人类和各种动物的视觉都得到了研究，从而建立了这些视觉系统感知信息过程中所使用的物理模型。另一方面，在计算机视觉中，靠软件和硬件实现的人工智能系统得到了研究与描述。生物视觉与计算机视觉进行的学科间交流为彼此都带来了巨大价值。 </p><p>计算机视觉包含如下一些分支：画面重建，事件监测，目标跟踪，目标识别，机器学习，索引建立，图像恢复等。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="计算机视觉的发展现状"><span id=".E8.AE.A1.E7.AE.97.E6.9C.BA.E8.A7.86.E8.A7.89.E7.9A.84.E5.8F.91.E5.B1.95.E7.8E.B0.E7.8A.B6"></span>计算机视觉的发展现状</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：计算机视觉的发展现状"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Frame"><a href="/wiki/File:CVoverview.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2b/CVoverview.jpg" decoding="async" width="499" height="374" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="499" data-file-height="374" /></a><figcaption>计算机视觉与其他领域的关系</figcaption></figure> <p>计算机视觉领域的突出特点是其多样性与不完善性。 </p><p>这一领域的先驱可追溯到更早的时候，但是直到20世纪70年代后期，当计算机的性能提高到足以处理诸如<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F" title="图像">图像</a>这样的大规模数据時，计算机视觉才得到了正式的关注和发展。然而这些发展往往起源于其他不同领域的需要，因而何謂“计算机视觉問題”始终没有得到正式定义，很自然地，“计算机视觉问题”应当被如何解决也没有成型的公式。 </p><p>儘管如此，人们已開始掌握部分解决具体计算机视觉任务的方法，可惜这些方法通常都僅適用於一群狹隘的目標（如：臉孔、指紋、文字等），因而无法被廣泛地应用於不同場合。 </p><p>对这些方法的应用通常作为某些解决<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%8D%E6%9D%82%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="复杂问题（页面不存在）">复杂问题</a>的大规模系统的一个组成部分（例如医学图像的处理，工业制造中的质量控制与测量）。在计算机视觉的大多数实际应用当中，计算机被预设为解决特定的任务，然而基于机器学习的方法正日渐普及，一旦機器學習的研究進一步發展，未來「泛用型」的電腦視覺應用或許可以成真。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD" title="人工智能">人工智能</a>所研究的一个主要问题是：如何让系统具备「计划」和「决策能力」？从而使之完成特定的技术动作（例如：移动一个机器人通过某种特定环境）。这一问题便與计算机视觉問題息息相關。在这里，计算机视觉系统作为一个<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5%E5%99%A8" title="感知器">感知器</a>，为决策提供信息。另外一些研究方向包括<a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB" title="模式识别">模式识别</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E5%AD%A6%E4%B9%A0" title="机器学习">机器学习</a>（這也隶属于人工智能領域，但与计算机视觉有着重要联系），也由此，计算机视觉時常被看作人工智能與<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6" title="计算机科学">计算机科学</a>的一个分支。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="物理">物理</a>是与计算机视觉有着重要联系的另一领域。 </p><p>计算机视觉关注的目标在于充分理解<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B5%E7%A3%81%E6%B3%A2" title="电磁波">电磁波</a>——主要是<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AF%E8%A7%81%E5%85%89" title="可见光">可见光</a>与<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%A2%E5%A4%96%E7%BA%BF" title="红外线">红外线</a>部分——遇到物体表面被<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%8D%E5%B0%84_(%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6)" title="反射 (物理学)">反射</a>所形成的图像，而这一过程便是基于<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%B8" class="mw-redirect" title="光學">光学物理</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BA%E6%85%8B%E7%89%A9%E7%90%86" class="mw-redirect" title="固態物理">固態物理</a>，一些尖端的<a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E4%BC%A0%E6%84%9F%E5%99%A8" title="图像传感器">图像传感器</a>甚至会应用到<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%8F%E5%AD%90%E5%8A%9B%E5%AD%A6" title="量子力学">量子力学</a>理论，来解析影像所表示的真實世界。同时，物理学中的很多测量难题也可以通过计算机视觉得到解决，例如<a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%81%E4%BD%93" title="流体">流体</a>运动。也由此，计算机视觉同样可以被看作是物理学的拓展。 </p><p>另一个具有重要意义的领域是<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9E%E7%BB%8F%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="神经生物学">神经生物学</a>，尤其是其中<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%86%E7%9F%A5%E8%A7%89" class="mw-redirect" title="视知觉">生物视觉系统</a>的部分。 </p><p>在整个20世纪中，人類對各种动物的眼睛、神经元、以及与视觉刺激相关的脑部组织都進行了广泛研究，这些研究得出了一些有关“天然的”视觉系统如何運作的描述（尽管仍略嫌粗略），这也形成了计算机视觉中的一个子领域——人们试图建立人工系统，使之在不同的复杂程度上模拟生物的视觉運作。同时计算机视觉领域中，一些基于机器学习的方法也有參考部分生物機制。 </p><p>计算机视觉的另一个相关领域是<a href="/wiki/%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="信号处理">信号处理</a>。很多有关<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8D%95%E5%85%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="单元变量信号（页面不存在）">单元变量信号</a>的处理方法，尤其对是<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%97%B6%E5%8F%98%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="时变信号（页面不存在）">时变信号</a>的处理，都可以很自然的被扩展为计算机视觉中对<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BA%8C%E5%85%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="二元变量信号（页面不存在）">二元变量信号</a>或者<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E5%85%83%E5%8F%98%E9%87%8F%E4%BF%A1%E5%8F%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多元变量信号（页面不存在）">多元变量信号</a>的处理方法。但由于<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E6%95%B0%E6%8D%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="图像数据（页面不存在）">图像数据</a>的特有属性，很多计算机视觉中发展起来的方法，在单元信号的处理方法中却找不到对应版本。这类方法的一个主要特征，便是他们的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%9E%E7%BA%BF%E6%80%A7" class="mw-redirect" title="非线性">非线性</a>以及图像信息的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%9A%E7%BB%B4%E6%80%A7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="多维性（页面不存在）">多维性</a>，以上二點作为计算机视觉的一部分，在信号处理学中形成了一个特殊的研究方向。 </p><p>除了上面提到的領域，很多研究课题同样可被当作纯粹的<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6" title="数学">数学</a>问题。例如，计算机视觉中的很多问题，其理论基础便是<a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E8%AE%A1%E5%AD%A6" title="统计学">统计学</a>，<a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%80%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96" title="最优化">最优化</a>理论以及<a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A0%E4%BD%95%E5%AD%A6" title="几何学">几何学</a>。 </p><p>如何使既有方法通过各种软硬件实现，或说如何对这些方法加以修改，而使之获得合理的执行速度而又不损失足够精度，是现今计算机视觉领域的主要课题。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="相邻领域的异同"><span id=".E7.9B.B8.E9.82.BB.E9.A2.86.E5.9F.9F.E7.9A.84.E5.BC.82.E5.90.8C"></span>相邻领域的异同</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：相邻领域的异同"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>计算机视觉</b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="图像处理">图像处理</a></b>，<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="图像分析">图像分析</a></b>，<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E4%BA%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="机器人视觉（页面不存在）">机器人视觉</a></b>和<b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="机器视觉">机器视觉</a></b>是彼此紧密关联的学科。如果你翻开带有上面这些名字的教材，你会发现在技术和应用领域上他们都有着相当大部分的重叠。这表明这些学科的基础理论大致是相同的，甚至让人怀疑他们是同一学科被冠以不同的名称。 </p><p>然而，各研究机构，学术期刊，会议及公司往往把自己特别的归为其中某一个领域，于是各种各样的用来区分这些学科的特征便被提了出来。下面将给出一种区分方法，尽管并不能说这一区分方法完全准确。 </p><p><b>计算机视觉</b>的研究对象主要是映射到单幅或多幅图像上的三维场景，例如三维场景的重建。计算机视觉的研究很大程度上针对图像的内容。 </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%A4%84%E7%90%86" title="图像处理">图像处理</a></b>与<b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="图像分析">图像分析</a></b>的研究对象主要是二维图像，实现图像的转化，尤其针对像素级的操作，例如提高图像对比度，边缘提取，去噪声和几何变换如图像旋转。这一特征表明无论是图像处理还是图像分析其研究内容都和图像的具体内容无关。 </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%BA%E5%99%A8%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89" title="机器视觉">机器视觉</a></b>主要是指工业领域的视觉研究，例如自主机器人的视觉，用于检测和测量的视觉。这表明在这一领域通过软件硬件，图像感知与控制理论往往与图像处理得到紧密结合来实现高效的机器人控制或各种实时操作。 </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%A1%E5%BC%8F%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB" title="模式识别">模式识别</a></b>使用各种方法从信号中提取信息，主要运用统计学的理论。此领域的一个主要方向便是从图像数据中提取信息。 </p><p>还有一个领域被称为<b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E5%83%8F%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成像技术（页面不存在）">成像技术</a></b>。这一领域最初的研究内容主要是制作图像，但有时也涉及到图像分析和处理。例如，<b><a href="/wiki/%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E5%BD%B1%E5%83%8F" title="醫學影像">医学成像</a></b>就包含大量的医学领域的图像分析。 </p><p>对于所有这些领域，一个可能的过程是你在计算机视觉的实验室工作，工作中从事着图象处理，最终解决了机器视觉领域的问题，然后把自己的成果发表在了模式识别的会议上。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="计算机视觉的经典问题"><span id=".E8.AE.A1.E7.AE.97.E6.9C.BA.E8.A7.86.E8.A7.89.E7.9A.84.E7.BB.8F.E5.85.B8.E9.97.AE.E9.A2.98"></span>计算机视觉的经典问题</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：计算机视觉的经典问题"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>几乎在每个计算机视觉技术的具体应用都要解决一系列相同的问题。这些经典的问题包括： </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="识别"><span id=".E8.AF.86.E5.88.AB"></span>识别</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：识别"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>一个计算机视觉，图像处理和机器视觉所共有的经典问题便是判定一组图像数据中是否包含某个特定的物体，图像特征或运动状态。这一问题通常可以通过机器自动解决，但是到目前为止，还没有某个单一的方法能够广泛的对各种情况进行判定：在任意环境中识别任意物体。现有技术能够也只能够很好地解决特定目标的识别，比如简单几何图形识别，人脸识别，印刷或手写文件识别或者车辆识别。而且这些识别需要在特定的环境中，具有指定的光照，背景和目标姿态要求。 </p><p>广义的识别在不同的场合又演化成了几个略有差异的概念： </p> <ul><li><b>识别（狭义的）：</b>对一个或多个经过预先定义或学习的物体或物类进行辨识，通常在辨识过程中还要提供他们的二维位置或三维姿态。</li></ul> <ul><li><b>鉴别：</b>识别辨认单一物体本身。例如：某一人脸的识别，某一指纹的识别。</li> <li><b>监测：</b>从图像中发现特定的情况内容。例如：医学中对细胞或组织不正常技能的发现，交通监视仪器对过往车辆的发现。监测往往是通过简单的图象处理发现图像中的特殊区域，为后继更复杂的操作提供起点。</li></ul> <p>识别的几个具体应用方向： </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%BA%E4%BA%8E%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E7%9A%84%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F%E6%A3%80%E7%B4%A2" title="基于内容的图像检索">基于内容的图像提取</a>：</b>在巨大的图像集合中寻找包含指定内容的所有图片。被指定的内容可以是多种形式，比如一个红色的大致是圆形的图案，或者一辆自行车。在这里对后一种内容的寻找显然要比前一种更复杂，因为前一种描述的是一个低级直观的视觉特征，而后者则涉及一个抽象概念（也可以说是高级的视觉特征），即‘自行车’，显然的一点就是自行车的外观并不是固定的。</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A7%BF%E6%80%81%E8%AF%84%E4%BC%B0%EF%BC%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="姿态评估：（页面不存在）">姿态评估：</a></b>对某一物体相对于摄像机的位置或者方向的评估。例如：对机器臂姿态和位置的评估。</li></ul> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%AD%A6%E5%AD%97%E7%AC%A6%E8%AF%86%E5%88%AB" title="光学字符识别">光学字符识别</a></b>对图像中的印刷或手写文字进行识别鉴别，通常的输出是将之转化成易于编辑的文档形式。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="运动"><span id=".E8.BF.90.E5.8A.A8"></span>运动</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：运动"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>基于序列图像的对物体运动的监测包含多种类型，诸如： </p> <ul><li><b>自体运动：</b>监测摄像机的三维刚性运动。</li> <li><b>图像跟踪：</b>跟踪运动的物体。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="场景重建"><span id=".E5.9C.BA.E6.99.AF.E9.87.8D.E5.BB.BA"></span>场景重建</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：场景重建"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>给定一个场景的二或多幅图像或者一段录像，场景重建寻求为该场景建立一个<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E6%A8%A1%E6%8B%9F" title="计算机模拟">三维模型</a>。最简单的情况便是生成一组三维空间中的点。更复杂的情况下会建立起完整的三维表面模型。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="图像恢复"><span id=".E5.9B.BE.E5.83.8F.E6.81.A2.E5.A4.8D"></span>图像恢复</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：图像恢复"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>图像恢复的目标在于移除图像中的噪声，例如仪器噪声、動態模糊等。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="计算机视觉系统"><span id=".E8.AE.A1.E7.AE.97.E6.9C.BA.E8.A7.86.E8.A7.89.E7.B3.BB.E7.BB.9F"></span>计算机视觉系统</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节：计算机视觉系统"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>计算机视觉系统的结构形式很大程度上依赖于其具体应用方向。有些是独立工作的，用于解决具体的测量或检测问题；也有些作为某个大型复杂系统的组成部分出现，比如和机械控制系统，数据库系统，人机接口设备协同工作。计算机视觉系统的具体实现方法同时也由其功能决定——是预先固定的抑或是在运行过程中自动学习调整。尽管如此，有些功能却几乎是每个计算机系统都需要具备的： </p> <ul><li><b>图像获取：</b>一幅数字图像是由一个或多个图像传感器产生，这里的传感器可以是各种光敏摄像机，包括遥感设备，X射线断层摄影仪，雷达，超声波接收器等。取决于不同的传感器，产生的图片可以是普通的二维图像，三维图组或者一个图像序列。图片的像素值往往对应于光在一个或多个光谱段上的强度（<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F" title="灰度图像">灰度图</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%97%E5%9B%BE%E5%83%8F" title="数字图像">彩色图</a>），但也可以是相关的各种物理数据，如声波，电磁波或<a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B8%E7%A3%81%E5%85%B1%E6%8C%AF" title="核磁共振">核磁共振</a>的深度，吸收度或反射度。</li></ul> <ul><li><b>预处理：</b>在对图像实施具体的计算机视觉方法来提取某种特定的信息前，一种或一些预处理往往被采用来使图像满足后继方法的要求。例如： <ul><li>二次取样保证图像坐标的正确</li> <li>平滑去噪来滤除传感器引入的设备噪声</li> <li>提高对比度来保证实现相关信息可以被检测到</li> <li>调整<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B0%BA%E5%BA%A6%E7%A9%BA%E9%97%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="尺度空间（页面不存在）">尺度空间</a>使图像结构适合局部应用</li></ul></li> <li><b>特征提取：</b>从图像中提取各种复杂度的特征。例如： <ul><li>线、<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%B9%E7%BC%98%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B" title="边缘检测">边缘提取</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E8%84%8A%E5%81%B5%E6%B8%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="脊偵測">脊偵測</a></li> <li>局部化的<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%89%B9%E5%BE%81%E7%82%B9%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="特征点检测（页面不存在）">特征点检测</a>如<a href="/wiki/%E8%A7%92%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B" title="角检测">边角检测</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%91%E7%82%B9%E6%A3%80%E6%B5%8B" title="斑点检测">斑点检测</a></li></ul></li></ul> <dl><dd>更复杂的特征可能与图像中的纹理形状或运动有关。</dd></dl> <ul><li><b>检测/分割：</b>在图像处理过程中，有时会需要对图像进行分割来提取有价值的用于后继处理的部分，例如： <ul><li>筛选特征点</li> <li>分割一或多幅图片中含有特定目标的部分</li></ul></li> <li><b>高级处理：</b>到了这一步，数据往往具有很小的数量，例如图像中经先前处理被认为含有目标物体的部分。这时的处理包括： <ul><li>验证得到的数据是否符合前提要求</li> <li>估测特定系数，比如目标的姿态、体积</li> <li>对目标进行分类</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="影響視覺系統的要件"><span id=".E5.BD.B1.E9.9F.BF.E8.A6.96.E8.A6.BA.E7.B3.BB.E7.B5.B1.E7.9A.84.E8.A6.81.E4.BB.B6"></span>影響視覺系統的要件</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节：影響視覺系統的要件"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>光源佈局影響大需審慎考量。</li> <li>正確的選擇鏡組，考量倍率、空間、尺寸、失真。</li> <li>選擇合適的攝影機（<a href="/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E5%85%89%E8%80%A6%E5%90%88%E5%85%83%E4%BB%B6" title="感光耦合元件">CCD</a>），考量功能、規格、穩定性、耐用。</li> <li>視覺軟體開發需靠經驗累積，多嘗試、思考問題的解決途徑。</li> <li>以創造精度的不斷提升，縮短處理時間為最終目標。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节：参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">黄亚勤。基于视线跟踪技术的眼控鼠标研究与实现[D].西华大学, 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外部連結"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E9.83.A8.E9.80.A3.E7.B5.90"></span>外部連結</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节：外部連結"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070329000502/http://www.packet.cc/files/mach-per-3D-solids.html">Machine Perception of Three-Dimensional Solids - the paper mentioned by Joseph Mundy in the video</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/">CVonline: The Evolving, Distributed, Non-Proprietary, On-Line Compendium of Computer Vision </a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20170710100011/http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/CVonline/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070714063452/http://palantir.swarthmore.edu/maxwell/classes/e27/F03/E27_F03_Lectures.pdf">Introduction to computer vision</a>（464KB pdf file）</li> <li>CMU's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~cil/vision.html">Computer Vision Homepage</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070806033929/http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~cil/vision.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cv.fudan.edu.cn">Fudan University's Computer Vision Lab</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20200613221053/http://www.cv.fudan.edu.cn/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iris.usc.edu/Vision-Notes/bibliography/contents.html">Keith Price's Annotated Computer Vision Bibliography</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070707171810/http://iris.usc.edu/Vision-Notes/bibliography/contents.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>） and the Official Mirror Site <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/contents.html">Keith Price's Annotated Computer Vision Bibliography</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070716195524/http://www.visionbib.com/bibliography/contents.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/">HIPR2 image processing teaching package</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070716155740/http://homepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rbf/HIPR2/">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iris.usc.edu/Information/Iris-Conferences.html">USC Iris computer vision conference list</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20070707172213/http://iris.usc.edu/Information/Iris-Conferences.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jbhuang0604.blogspot.com/2010/04/blog-post.html">How to come up with new research ideas in computer vision? (in Chinese)</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111121170440/http://jbhuang0604.blogspot.com/2010/04/blog-post.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jbhuang0604.blogspot.com/2010/05/people-in-computer-vision_5496.html">People in Computer Vision</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20110708043655/http://jbhuang0604.blogspot.com/2010/05/people-in-computer-vision_5496.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jbhuang0604.blogspot.com/2010/05/computer-vision-genealogy-project.html">The Computer Vision Genealogy Project</a>（<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//web.archive.org/web/20111121164601/http://jbhuang0604.blogspot.com/2010/05/computer-vision-genealogy-project.html">页面存档备份</a>，存于<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%92%E8%81%94%E7%BD%91%E6%A1%A3%E6%A1%88%E9%A6%86" title="互联网档案馆">互联网档案馆</a>）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E6%9C%BA%E8%A7%86%E8%A7%89&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portal plainlist tright" style="margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;border:solid #aaa 1px"> <ul style="display:table;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0.1em;max-width:175px;background:var(--background-color-base,#f9f9f9);font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-weight:bold"> <li style="display:table-row"><span 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style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91" title="软件开发">软件开发</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E8%BF%87%E7%A8%8B" title="软件开发过程">软件开发过程</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%80%E6%B1%82%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90" title="需求分析">需求分析</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1" title="软件设计">软件设计</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6%E9%83%A8%E7%BD%B2" title="软件部署">软件部署</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%9F%E9%AB%94%E7%B6%AD%E8%AD%B7" title="軟體維護">軟體維護</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%BA%90%E8%BD%AF%E4%BB%B6" title="开源软件">开源模式</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%A1%E7%AE%97%E7%90%86%E8%AE%BA" title="计算理论">计算理论</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div 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