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cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ଦେଖଣା</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_or.wikipedia.org&uselang=or" class=""><span>ଦାନ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87&returnto=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟେ ଖାତା ଖୋଲି ଲଗ ଇନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରୋତ୍ସାହିତ କରାଯାଉଛି, ଏମିତିବି ଏହା କରିବା ନିତାନ୍ତ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ନୁହେଁ ।" class=""><span>ଖାତାଟିଏ ଖୋଲନ୍ତୁ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8&returnto=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଲଗ-ଇନ କରିବାକୁ କୁହାଯାଉଅଛି ସିନା, ବାଧ୍ୟ କରାଯାଉନାହିଁ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ଲଗ-ଇନ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ନିଜର ଟୁଲ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ନିଜର ଟୁଲ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_or.wikipedia.org&uselang=or"><span>ଦାନ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%96%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%96%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%87&returnto=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଗୋଟେ ଖାତା ଖୋଲି ଲଗ ଇନ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ପ୍ରୋତ୍ସାହିତ କରାଯାଉଛି, ଏମିତିବି ଏହା କରିବା ନିତାନ୍ତ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ନୁହେଁ ।"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ଖାତାଟିଏ ଖୋଲନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%A8&returnto=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" title="ଆପଣଙ୍କୁ ଲଗ-ଇନ କରିବାକୁ କୁହାଯାଉଅଛି ସିନା, ବାଧ୍ୟ କରାଯାଉନାହିଁ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ଲଗ-ଇନ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ଅବଦାନ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE" title="ଏହି IP ଠିକଣାରୁ କେହିଜଣେ କରିଥିବା ସମ୍ପାଦନାର ଆଲୋଚନା [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ଆଲୋଚନା</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eଖାରଜ\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" 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class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">କଡ଼କୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ଲୁଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ଆରମ୍ଭ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ସଂଜ୍ଞା_ଓ_ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ_ଉପକରଣ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ସଂଜ୍ଞା_ଓ_ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ_ଉପକରଣ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୧</span> <span>ସଂଜ୍ଞା ଓ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଉପକରଣ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ସଂଜ୍ଞା_ଓ_ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ_ଉପକରଣ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ଆଧାର" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ଆଧାର"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">୨</span> <span>ଆଧାର</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ଆଧାର-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ବିଷୟସୂଚୀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ଇସ୍ପାତ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in ୧୪୫ languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-145" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">୧୪୫ଟି ଭାଷା</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staal" title="Staal – ଆଫ୍ରିକୀୟ" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Staal" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="ଆଫ୍ରିକୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stahl" title="Stahl – ସୁଇସ୍ ଜର୍ମାନ୍" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Stahl" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="ସୁଇସ୍ ଜର୍ମାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acero" title="Acero – ଆର୍ଗୋନୀ" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Acero" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="ଆର୍ଗୋନୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="इस्पात – ଅଁଗୀକା" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="इस्पात" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="ଅଁଗୀକା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B0" title="فولاذ – ଆରବିକ୍" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فولاذ" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ଆରବିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%96%E0%A6%BE" title="তীখা – ଆସାମୀୟ" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="তীখা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="ଆସାମୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceru" title="Aceru – ଆଷ୍ଟୁରିଆନ୍" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Aceru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ଆଷ୍ଟୁରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polad" title="Polad – ଆଜେରବାଇଜାନି" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Polad" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ଆଜେରବାଇଜାନି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="پولاد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="پولاد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Ҡорос – ବାଶକିର୍" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡорос" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="ବାଶକିର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pl%C4%97ins" title="Plėins – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Plėins" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сталь – ବେଲାରୁଷିଆନ୍" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сталь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="ବେଲାରୁଷିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сталь – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сталь" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waja" title="Waja – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Waja" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Стомана – ବୁଲଗେରିଆନ୍" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Стомана" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ବୁଲଗେରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waja" title="Waja – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Waja" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4" title="ইস্পাত – ବଙ୍ଗଳା" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ইস্পাত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ବଙ୍ଗଳା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dir" title="Dir – ବ୍ରେଟନ୍" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Dir" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="ବ୍ରେଟନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik – ବୋସନିଆନ୍" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čelik" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="ବୋସନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ган булад – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ган булад" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acer" title="Acer – କାଟାଲାନ୍" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Acer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="କାଟାଲାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A0%E1%8F%A5%E1%8E%B8_%E1%8F%94%E1%8E%B7%E1%8E%A9%E1%8F%8D%E1%8E%A9" title="ᎠᏥᎸ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ – ଚେରୋକୀ" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎠᏥᎸ ᏔᎷᎩᏍᎩ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="ଚେରୋକୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%86%DA%B5%D8%A7" title="پۆڵا – କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ କୁରଡିସ୍" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پۆڵا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="କେନ୍ଦ୍ରୀୟ କୁରଡିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocel" title="Ocel – ଚେକ୍" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ocel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ଚେକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%83%D1%80%C3%A7%C4%83" title="Хурçă – ଚୁଭାଶ୍" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Хурçă" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ଚୁଭାଶ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dur" title="Dur – ୱେଲ୍ସ" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dur" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="ୱେଲ୍ସ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål – ଡାନ୍ନିସ୍" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Stål" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ଡାନ୍ନିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stahl" title="Stahl – ଜର୍ମାନ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stahl" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ଜର୍ମାନ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stal" title="Stal – ନିମ୍ନ ସର୍ବିଆନ୍‌" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Stal" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="ନିମ୍ନ ସର୍ବିଆନ୍‌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%85%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Χάλυβας – ଗ୍ରୀକ୍" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάλυβας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="ଗ୍ରୀକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="ଭଲ ଲେଖା"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel" title="Steel – ଇଂରାଜୀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Steel" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ଇଂରାଜୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Ctalo" title="Ŝtalo – ଏସ୍ପାରେଣ୍ଟୋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ŝtalo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ଏସ୍ପାରେଣ୍ଟୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acero" title="Acero – ସ୍ପେନିୟ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Acero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ପେନିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teras" title="Teras – ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆନ୍" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Teras" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="ଏସ୍ତୋନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altzairu" title="Altzairu – ବାସ୍କ୍ୱି" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Altzairu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ବାସ୍କ୍ୱି" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فولاد – ପର୍ସିଆନ୍" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فولاد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ପର୍ସିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter%C3%A4s" title="Teräs – ଫିନ୍ନିସ୍" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Teräs" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ଫିନ୍ନିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ter%C3%A4s" title="Teräs – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Teräs" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acier" title="Acier – ଫରାସୀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Acier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ଫରାସୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stial" title="Stial – ଉତ୍ତର ଫ୍ରିସିୟାନ୍" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Stial" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="ଉତ୍ତର ଫ୍ରିସିୟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C3%A2r" title="Açâr – ଫ୍ରିୟୁଲୀୟାନ୍" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Açâr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="ଫ୍ରିୟୁଲୀୟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiel" title="Stiel – ପାଶ୍ଚାତ୍ୟ ଫ୍ରିସିଆନ୍" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Stiel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="ପାଶ୍ଚାତ୍ୟ ଫ୍ରିସିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruach_(miotal)" title="Cruach (miotal) – ଇରିସ୍" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cruach (miotal)" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ଇରିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asy%C3%A9" title="Asyé – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Asyé" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A0ilinn" title="Stàilinn – ସ୍କଟିସ୍ ଗାଏଲିକ୍" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Stàilinn" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="ସ୍କଟିସ୍ ଗାଏଲିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aceiro" title="Aceiro – ଗାଲସିଆନ୍" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aceiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ଗାଲସିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuarepotijy" title="Kuarepotijy – ଗୁଆରାନୀ" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kuarepotijy" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="ଗୁଆରାନୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karfe" title="Karfe – ହୌସା" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Karfe" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="ହୌସା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%94" title="פלדה – ହେବ୍ର୍ୟୁ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פלדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ହେବ୍ର୍ୟୁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="इस्पात – ହିନ୍ଦୀ" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="इस्पात" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="ହିନ୍ଦୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel" title="Steel – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Steel" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik – କ୍ରୋଆଟିଆନ୍" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čelik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="କ୍ରୋଆଟିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wocl" title="Wocl – ଉପର ସର୍ବିଆନ୍" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wocl" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="ଉପର ସର୍ବିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asye" title="Asye – ହୈତାୟିନ୍" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Asye" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="ହୈତାୟିନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ac%C3%A9l" title="Acél – ହଙ୍ଗେରୀୟ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Acél" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ହଙ୍ଗେରୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%BF" title="Պողպատ – ଆର୍ମେନିଆନ୍" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պողպատ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ଆର୍ମେନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aciero" title="Aciero – ଇର୍ଣ୍ଟଲିଙ୍ଗୁଆ" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Aciero" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="ଇର୍ଣ୍ଟଲିଙ୍ଗୁଆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja" title="Baja – ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସୀୟ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Baja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ଇଣ୍ଡୋନେସୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalo" title="Stalo – ଇଡୋ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stalo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ଇଡୋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A1l" title="Stál – ଆଇସଲାଣ୍ଡିକ୍" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Stál" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="ଆଇସଲାଣ୍ଡିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acciaio" title="Acciaio – ଇଟାଲୀୟ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Acciaio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ଇଟାଲୀୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%BC" title="鋼 – ଜାପାନୀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="鋼" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ଜାପାନୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stiil" title="Stiil – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Stiil" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/gasta" title="gasta – ଲୋଜବାନ୍" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="gasta" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="ଲୋଜବାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waja" title="Waja – ଜାଭାନୀଜ୍" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Waja" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="ଜାଭାନୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98" title="ფოლადი – ଜର୍ଜିୟ" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ფოლადი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="ଜର୍ଜିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anfed" title="Anfed – କବାଇଲ୍" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Anfed" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="କବାଇଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiyee" title="Asiyee – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Asiyee" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Болат – କାଜାକ୍" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Болат" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="କାଜାକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%89%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81" title="ಉಕ್ಕು – କନ୍ନଡ" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಉಕ್ಕು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="କନ୍ନଡ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EC%B2%A0" title="강철 – କୋରିଆନ୍" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강철" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="କୋରିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82" title="Болот – କୀରଗୀଜ୍" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Болот" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="କୀରଗୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalybs" title="Chalybs – ଲାଟିନ୍" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Chalybs" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ଲାଟିନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stol" title="Stol – ଲକ୍ସେମବର୍ଗିସ୍" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Stol" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="ଲକ୍ସେମବର୍ଗିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Чаннан – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Чаннан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aser" title="Aser – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Aser" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staol" title="Staol – ଲିମ୍ବୁର୍ଗିସ୍" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Staol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="ଲିମ୍ବୁର୍ଗିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azzal" title="Azzal – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Azzal" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plienas" title="Plienas – ଲିଥୁଆନିଆନ୍" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Plienas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ଲିଥୁଆନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%93rauds" title="Tērauds – ଲାଟଭିଆନ୍" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tērauds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="ଲାଟଭିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ts%E1%BB%B3" title="Tsỳ – ମାଲାଗାସୀ" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tsỳ" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="ମାଲାଗାସୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baja" title="Baja – ମିନାଙ୍ଗାବାଉ" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Baja" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="ମିନାଙ୍ଗାବାଉ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Челик – ମାସେଡୋନିଆନ୍" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Челик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ମାସେଡୋନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ഉരുക്ക് – ମାଲାୟଲମ୍" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഉരുക്ക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="ମାଲାୟଲମ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ган – ମଙ୍ଗୋଳିୟ" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ган" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="ମଙ୍ଗୋଳିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6" title="पोलाद – ମରାଠୀ" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पोलाद" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="ମରାଠୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keluli" title="Keluli – ମାଲୟ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Keluli" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ମାଲୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7o" title="Aço – ମିରାଣ୍ଡିଜ୍" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Aço" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ମିରାଣ୍ଡିଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%B6%E1%80%99%E1%80%8F%E1%80%AD" title="သံမဏိ – ବର୍ମୀଜ୍" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သံမဏိ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="ବର୍ମୀଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acciare" title="Acciare – ନୀପୋଲିଟାନ୍" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Acciare" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="ନୀପୋଲିଟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staal" title="Staal – ଲୋ ଜର୍ମାନ୍" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Staal" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ଲୋ ଜର୍ମାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoal" title="Stoal – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Stoal" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B2" title="स्टिल – ନେପାଳୀ" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="स्टिल" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="ନେପାଳୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B2" title="स्टील – ନେୱାରୀ" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="स्टील" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="ନେୱାରୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staal_(legering)" title="Staal (legering) – ଡଚ୍" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Staal (legering)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ଡଚ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål – ନରୱେଜିଆନ୍ ନିୟୋର୍ସ୍କ" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Stål" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="ନରୱେଜିଆନ୍ ନିୟୋର୍ସ୍କ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål – ନରୱେଜିଆନ୍ ବୋକମଲ୍" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Stål" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ନରୱେଜିଆନ୍ ବୋକମଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aci%C3%A8r" title="Acièr – ଓସିଟାନ୍" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Acièr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ଓସିଟାନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%86%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Æндон – ଓସେଟିକ୍" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Æндон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ଓସେଟିକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4" title="ਇਸਪਾਤ – ପଞ୍ଜାବୀ" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਪਾਤ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="ପଞ୍ଜାବୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stal" title="Stal – ପୋଲିଶ୍" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stal" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ପୋଲିଶ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assel" title="Assel – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Assel" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فولاد – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="فولاد" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7o" title="Aço – ପର୍ତ୍ତୁଗୀଜ୍‌" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aço" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ପର୍ତ୍ତୁଗୀଜ୍‌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiru" title="Asiru – କ୍ୱେଚୁଆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Asiru" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="କ୍ୱେଚୁଆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%C8%9Bel" title="Oțel – ରୋମାନିଆନ୍" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Oțel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ରୋମାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilechi" title="Cilechi – ଆରୋମାନିଆନ୍" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Cilechi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="ଆରୋମାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сталь – ରୁଷିୟ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сталь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ରୁଷିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AB%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ыстаал – ସାଖା" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Ыстаал" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="ସାଖା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azzaru" title="Azzaru – ସିଶିଲିଆନ୍" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Azzaru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="ସିଶିଲିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel" title="Steel – ସ୍କଟସ୍" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Steel" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="ସ୍କଟସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BD%D9%8A%D9%84" title="اسٽيل – ସିନ୍ଧୀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="اسٽيل" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ସିନ୍ଧୀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Celik" title="Čelik – ସର୍ବୋ-କ୍ରୋଆଟିଆନ୍" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čelik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="ସର୍ବୋ-କ୍ରୋଆଟିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%9A" title="වානේ – ସିଂହଳ" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="වානේ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="ସିଂହଳ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel" title="Steel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Steel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oce%C4%BE" title="Oceľ – ସ୍ଲୋଭାକ୍" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Oceľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ଲୋଭାକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeklo" title="Jeklo – ସ୍ଲୋଭେନିଆନ୍" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jeklo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ଲୋଭେନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chisa" title="Chisa – ଶୋନା" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chisa" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="ଶୋନା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87eliku" title="Çeliku – ଆଲବାନିଆନ୍" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Çeliku" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ଆଲବାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Челик – ସର୍ବିୟ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Челик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ସର୍ବିୟ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%C3%A5l" title="Stål – ସ୍ୱେଡିସ୍" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Stål" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ୱେଡିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuma_cha_pua" title="Chuma cha pua – ସ୍ୱାହିଲ୍" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Chuma cha pua" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="ସ୍ୱାହିଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%83%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81" title="எஃகு – ତାମିଲ୍" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எஃகு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ତାମିଲ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%89%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%81" title="ఉక్కు – ତେଲୁଗୁ" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఉక్కు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="ତେଲୁଗୁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="เหล็กกล้า – ଥାଇ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เหล็กกล้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ଥାଇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asero" title="Asero – ଟାଗାଲଗ୍" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Asero" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ଟାଗାଲଗ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87elik" title="Çelik – ତୁର୍କିସ୍" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Çelik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ତୁର୍କିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%87" title="Корыч – ତାତାର୍" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Корыч" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="ତାତାର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D2%A3" title="Каң – ତୁଭିନିଆନ୍" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Каң" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="ତୁଭିନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="پولات – ୟୁଘୁର୍" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="پولات" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="ୟୁଘୁର୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сталь – ୟୁକ୍ରାନିଆନ୍" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сталь" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ୟୁକ୍ରାନିଆନ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF" title="فولاد – ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فولاد" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ଉର୍ଦ୍ଦୁ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Po%CA%BBlat" title="Poʻlat – ଉଜବେକ୍" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Poʻlat" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ଉଜବେକ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asal" title="Asal – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Asal" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teraz" title="Teraz – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Teraz" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9p" title="Thép – ଭିଏତନାମିଜ୍" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thép" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ଭିଏତନାମିଜ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoal" title="Stoal – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Stoal" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asero" title="Asero – ୱାରୈ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Asero" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ୱାରୈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%A2" title="钢 – ୱୁ ଚାଇନିଜ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="钢" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ୱୁ ଚାଇନିଜ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="ბულათი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბულათი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%98%D7%90%D7%9C" title="שטאל – ୟିଡିସ୍" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="שטאל" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ୟିଡିସ୍" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irin" title="Irin – ୟୋରୁବା" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Irin" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ୟୋରୁବା" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%92%A2" title="钢 – ଚାଇନିଜ୍‌" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="钢" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ଚାଇନିଜ୍‌" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C7%B9g-thih" title="Kǹg-thih – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kǹg-thih" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%BC" title="鋼 – କାନଟୋନେସେ" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="କାନଟୋନେସେ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11427#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ଭାଷା ମଧ୍ୟରେ ଥିବା ଲିଙ୍କଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ" class="wbc-editpage">ଲିଙ୍କଗୁଡ଼ିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ନେମସ୍ପେସ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" title="ସୂଚୀ ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ଦେଖାଇବେ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ପୃଷ୍ଠା</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%86%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%9A%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%BE:%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" rel="discussion" title="ଏହି ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ଉପରେ ଆଲୋଚନା [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ଆଲୋଚନା</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ଉପଭାଷାକୁ ବଦଳାନ୍ତୁ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ଦେଖା"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4"><span>ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&action=edit" title="ଏହି ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ସୋର୍ସ କୋଡ଼ ସମ୍ପାଦନା କରନ୍ତୁ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&action=history" title="ଏହି ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ପୁରୁଣା ସଂସ୍କରଣ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ଇତିହାସ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ଉପକରଣ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ଉପକରଣ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ଉପକରଣ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">କଡ଼କୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ଲୁଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> କାମ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4"><span>ପଢ଼ନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&action=edit" title="ଏହି ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ସୋର୍ସ କୋଡ଼ ସମ୍ପାଦନା କରନ୍ତୁ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&action=history"><span>ଇତିହାସ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ସାଧାରଣ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%A0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%99%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BF/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" title="ଏଠାରେ ଯୋଡ଼ାଯାଇଥିବା ପୃଷ୍ଠାସବୁର ତାଲିକା [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ଏଠାରେ ଥିବା ଲିଙ୍କ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A1%E0%AC%BC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8%E0%AC%97%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%B3/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" rel="nofollow" title="ଏହି ପୃଷ୍ଠା ସଙ୍ଗେ ଯୋଡ଼ା ଫରଦଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ଏବେ ଏବେ କରାଯାଇଥିବା ଅଦଳବଦଳ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ସମ୍ପର୍କିତ ବଦଳ</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=or" title="ଫାଇଲ ଅପଲୋଡ଼ କରିବେ [u]" accesskey="u"><span>ଫାଇଲ ଅପଲୋଡ଼ କରିବେ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%83%E0%AC%B7%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A0%E0%AC%BE" title="ବିଶେଷ ପୃଷ୍ଠାମାନଙ୍କର ଏକ ତାଲିକା [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ବିଶେଷ ପୃଷ୍ଠା</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&oldid=381993" title="ବଦଳାଯାଇଥିବା ଏହି ଫରଦଟିର ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଲିଙ୍କ"><span>ସ୍ଥାୟୀ ଲିଙ୍କ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ପୃଷ୍ଠା ସୂଚନା</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&id=381993&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ଆଧାରଟିଏ ଦେବା ଉପରେ ଅଧିକ ସୂଚନା"><span>ଏ ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ଆଧାର ଦିଅନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2For.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25AC%2587%25E0%25AC%25B8%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25AA%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25A4"><span>ଛୋଟ URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2For.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25AC%2587%25E0%25AC%25B8%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25AA%25E0%25AC%25BE%25E0%25AC%25A4"><span>QR କୋଡ୍ ଡାଉନଲୋଡ୍ କରନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//or.wikipedia.org/s/1fqg" title="ଏହି ଛୋଟ ଲିଙ୍କଟି ବାଣ୍ଟିବା ପାଇଁ ନକଲ କରନ୍ତୁ"><span>ଛୋଟ URL</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ପ୍ରିଣ୍ଟ/ସାଇତା </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4"><span>ବହି ତିଆରି କରିବେ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ଭାବେ ଡାଉନଲୋଡ଼ କରନ୍ତୁ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&printable=yes" title="ଏହି ପୃଷ୍ଠାର ଛପାହୋଇପାରିବା ସଙ୍କଳନ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ଛପାହୋଇପାରିବା ପୃଷ୍ଠା</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ବାକି ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Steel" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q11427" title="ଡାଟା ଭଣ୍ଡାରଙ୍କୁ ଯୋଡିବା ପାଇଁ ଲିଙ୍କ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ଉଇକିଡାଟା ପୃଷ୍ଠା</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ଦେଖଣା"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ଦେଖଣା</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">କଡ଼କୁ ଘୁଞ୍ଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ଲୁଚାନ୍ତୁ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ଉଇକିପିଡ଼ିଆ‌ରୁ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="or" dir="ltr"><div class="nomobile"> <div id="purl" class="NavFrame collapsed" align="right" style="float:right; position: absolute; top: -3em; right:30px; width:auto; background:#eae9e9;"> <div class="NavHead" align="right" style="float:right; font-size:85%; background:#dadadb; padding-right: 90px"><b><span style="color:#333333;"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel">ଇଂରାଜୀ ଲିଙ୍କ</a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9A:Prettyurl#Usage" title="Help"><img alt="Help" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/12px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/18px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Gtk-dialog-question.svg/24px-Gtk-dialog-question.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></span></b></div><div class="NavContent" align="right" style="background:#eae9e9; width:auto"> <span class="plainlinks"><br /><a class="external free" href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel">https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steel</a></span> </div> </div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AB%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B2:Steel_wire_rope.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Steel_wire_rope.JPG/170px-Steel_wire_rope.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Steel_wire_rope.JPG/255px-Steel_wire_rope.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Steel_wire_rope.JPG/340px-Steel_wire_rope.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1366" data-file-height="1708" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wire_rope&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wire rope (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">steel cable</a> of a <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coal_mining&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coal mining (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">colliery</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Headframe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Headframe (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">winding tower</a></figcaption></figure> <p>'<i>ଇସ୍ପାତ<b> (<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%82%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AD%80_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE" title="ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷା">ଇଂରାଜୀ ଭାଷାରେ</a> </b></i><b>Steel</b>) ଏକ ମିଶ୍ର ଧାତୁ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/alloy" class="extiw" title="en:alloy">alloy</a>) ଯାହା <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE" title="ଲୁହା">ଲୁହା</a> ଓ <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="କାର୍ବନ">କାର୍ବନ</a>, ବେଳେ ବେଳେ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଧାତୁମାନଙ୍କ ମିଶ୍ରଣ କରି ତିଆରି କରାଯାଏ । ପ୍ରସାରଣ ଶକ୍ତି ଓ ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ମୂଲ୍ୟ ସକାଶେ ଏହାକୁ କୋଠାଘର, ଜାହାଜ, ରେଲଗାଡ଼ି, ମେସିନ, ପରିବ‌ହନ ଗାଡ଼ି, ଘରୋଇ ଉପକରଣ ଓ ବିଭିନ୍ନ ଆବଶ୍ୟକୀୟ ଉପକରଣମାନ ତିଆରି କରାଯାଏ । ମୂଳ ଧାତୁ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/base_metal" class="extiw" title="en:base metal">base metal</a>) ଲୁହାକୁ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର କରି ଇସ୍ପାତ ତିଆରି ହୁଏ । </p><p>ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଲୁହାରେ ଥିବା କ୍ରସ୍ଟାଲ ଗଠନରେ ଲୌହ ଉପାଦାନର ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ ଶକ୍ତି ଅତି କମ୍ ଥିବା ଯୋଗୁ ଅତି ନମନୀୟ ହୋଇଥାଏ ଯାହାଦ୍ୱାରା ନରମ ରହେ । ବିଶୁଦ୍ଧ ଲୁହାର କ୍ରିସ୍ଟାଲ ଗଠନରେ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crystal_lattice" class="extiw" title="en:crystal lattice">crystal structure</a> ) ପ୍ରତିରୋଧ ଶକ୍ତି ଅତି କମ୍ ଥିବା ଯୋଗୁ ଲୁହା ଅଣୁ ଗୋଟାକ ଉପରେ ଗୋଟାଏ ଖସିଯାଏ । ତେଣୁ ଏହାକୁ ଶକ୍ତ କରିବା ପାଇଁ ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ପରିମାଣର ଅନ୍ୟ ଧାତୁ ମିଶାଯାଏ । </p><p>ହଜାର ହଜାର ବର୍ଷ ପୂର୍ବେ ବ୍ଲୁମେରି (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bloomery" class="extiw" title="en:bloomery">bloomery</a>) ଫର୍ନେସରେ ଇସ୍ପାତ ତିଆରି ହେଉଥିଲା କିନ୍ତୁ ଏହାର ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ସପ୍ତଦଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀରେ ବ୍ଲାସ୍ଟ ଫର୍ନେସ ଉପ‌ଯୋଗ ହେବା ପରେ ଏହାର ଦକ୍ଷ ଉପାୟ ପ୍ରୟୋଗ ଯୋଗୁ କାରଖାନାରେ ପ୍ରସ୍ତୁତି ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା ଓ କ୍ରସିବ୍ଲ ଇସ୍ପାତ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/crucible_steel" class="extiw" title="en:crucible steel">en:crucible steel</a>) ତିଆରି ହେଲା । ଊନବିଂଶ ଶତାବ୍ଦୀର ମଧ୍ୟ ଭାଗରେ ଇଂଲଣ୍ଡରେ ଓପନ ହାର୍ଥ ଫର୍ନେସ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/open-hearth_furnace" class="extiw" title="en:open-hearth furnace">open-hearth furnace</a>) ଓ ତା'ପରେ ବେସେମର ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟାରେ (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bessemer_process" class="extiw" title="en:Bessemer process">Bessemer process</a>) ଇସ୍ପାତ ତିଆରି ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ବେସେମର ପ୍ରକ୍ରିୟା ଉଦ୍‌ଭାବନ ହେବା ପରେ ବିପୁଳ ପରିମାଣର (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/mass_production" class="extiw" title="en:mass production">mass-produced</a>) ଇସ୍ପାତ ତିଆରି ଯୁଗ ଆରମ୍ଭ ହୋଇଥିଲା । ରଟ ଲୁହା (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/wrought_iron" class="extiw" title="en:wrought iron">wrought iron</a>) ବଦଳରେ ସାମାନ୍ୟ ଇସ୍ପାତ ବ୍ୟବ‌ହାର ଆରମ୍ଭ ହେଲା । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ସଂଜ୍ଞା_ଓ_ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ_ଉପକରଣ"><span id=".E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.82.E0.AC.9C.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.9E.E0.AC.BE_.E0.AC.93_.E0.AC.B8.E0.AC.AE.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.AA.E0.AC.B0.E0.AD.8D.E0.AC.95.E0.AD.80.E0.AD.9F_.E0.AC.89.E0.AC.AA.E0.AC.95.E0.AC.B0.E0.AC.A3"></span>ସଂଜ୍ଞା ଓ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଉପକରଣ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&action=edit&section=1" title="ସଂଜ୍ଞା ଓ ସମ୍ପର୍କୀୟ ଉପକରଣ ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ଇସ୍ପାତ ଏକ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ ପଦ ଯାହା ଏକ ପ୍ରୋଟୋଜର୍ମାନିକ ବିଶଷଣ ସ୍ଟାହଲିଜା ବା ସ୍ଟାଖଲିଜାନ (<i>stahliją</i> or <i>stakhlijan</i>) ଶବ୍ଦମାନଙ୍କରୁ ଉତ୍ପନ୍ନ ହୋଇଛି ଯାହାର ଅର୍ଥ ଶକ୍ତ ଭାବରେ ଠିଆ । </p><p>ସାଧାରଣ <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BE" title="ଲୁହା">ଲୁହା</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="କାର୍ବନ">କାର୍ବନ</a> ଆଲୟ ଇସ୍ପାତରେ ଓଜନର ପ୍ରାୟ ୦.୦୦୨% ଓ ୨.୧୪% ପରିମାଣର କାର୍ବନ ଥାଏ । <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୧<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ମିଶ୍ର ଧାତୁମାନଙ୍କର ଅନୁପାତ ପରିମାଣ ଏହାର ଉପାଦନ ଉପରେ ନିର୍ଭର କରେ ଯେପରି ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ, କ୍ରୋମିଅମ, ନିକେଲ, ଟଙ୍ଗସ୍ଟେନ ଇତ୍ୟାଦି । ଇଉଟେକ୍ଟିକ ପ୍ରତିକ୍ରିୟାରେ କ୍ୟାସ୍ଟ ଲୁହା ତିଆରି ହୁଏ । ଅତି କମ୍ ପରିମାଣର ଲୁହା ଦେଲେ ଇସ୍ପାତ ନରମ, ଦୁର୍ବଳ ଓ ନମନୀୟ ରହେ । ଅଧିକ କାର୍ବନ ରହିଲେ ଭଙ୍ଗୁର ହୁଏ ଯେପରି ପିଗ ଲୁହା (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Pig_iron&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pig iron (ପୃଷ୍ଠାଟି ନାହିଁ)">pig iron</a>) । କେବଳ ଲୁହା ସ‌ହ କାର୍ବନ ମିଶିଲେ କାର୍ବନ ଇସ୍ପାତ କୁହାଯାଏ ଓ ଅନ୍ୟାନ୍ୟ ଉପଦାନ ମିଶେଇଲେ ଆଲୟ ଇସ୍ପାତ କୁହାଯାଏ । ସାଧାରଣ ଆଲୟ ଉପାଦାନ ଭାବରେ ମାଙ୍ଗାନିଜ, ନିକେଲ, କୋବାଲ୍ଟ, ଟଙ୍ଗସ୍ଟେନ, କ୍ରୋମିଅମ, ମୋଲିବଡେନମ, ବୋରୋନ, ଟାଇଟାନିଅମ, ଭାନାଡିଅମ ଓ ନିଓବିଅମ ଥାଏ । <sup id="cite_ref-EM2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EM2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>୨<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ଅଧିକ କେତେକ ଦ୍ରବ୍ୟ ଅନାବଶ୍ୟକ ବିବେଚନା କରାଯାଉଥିଲେ ମଧ୍ୟ ସେଗୁଡ଼ିକ ବ‌ହୁତ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ ଯେପରିକି ଫସଫରସ, ସଲଫର, ସିଲିକନ ଓ ଅତି ସ୍ୱଳ୍ପ ପରିମାଣର <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%85%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ">ଅମ୍ଳଜାନ</a> ଓ <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AF%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B7%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A8" title="ଯବକ୍ଷାରଜାନ">ଯବକ୍ଷାରଜାନ</a> । </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ଆଧାର"><span id=".E0.AC.86.E0.AC.A7.E0.AC.BE.E0.AC.B0"></span>ଆଧାର</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4&action=edit&section=2" title="ଆଧାର ଭାଗଟିକୁ ବଦଳାଇବେ"><span>ସମ୍ପାଦନା</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r485312">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:#d33}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFPrawoto2013" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Prawoto, Yunan (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_3ClBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA114"><i>Integration of Mechanics into Materials Science Research: A Guide for Material Researchers in Analytical, Computational and Experimental Methods</i></a> (in ଇଂରାଜୀ). Lulu.com. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A4/978-1-300-71235-0" title="ବିଶେଷ:ବହିସ୍ରୋତ/978-1-300-71235-0"><bdi>978-1-300-71235-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Integration+of+Mechanics+into+Materials+Science+Research%3A+A+Guide+for+Material+Researchers+in+Analytical%2C+Computational+and+Experimental+Methods&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-300-71235-0&rft.aulast=Prawoto&rft.aufirst=Yunan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_3ClBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EM2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-EM2_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r485312"><cite id="CITEREFAshby,_Michael_F.Jones,_David_R.H.1992" class="citation book cs1">Ashby, Michael F.; Jones, David R.H. (1992) [1986]. <i>Engineering Materials 2</i> (with corrections ed.). Oxford: Pergamon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B6%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%B7:%E0%AC%AC%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%A4/0-08-032532-7" title="ବିଶେଷ:ବହିସ୍ରୋତ/0-08-032532-7"><bdi>0-08-032532-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Engineering+Materials+2&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=with+corrections&rft.pub=Pergamon+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-08-032532-7&rft.au=Ashby%2C+Michael+F.&rft.au=Jones%2C+David+R.H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2For.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%AC%87%E0%AC%B8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AA%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A4" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%9B%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9E%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%9A:Cite_book" title="ଛାଞ୍ଚ:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|lastauthoramp=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|name-list-style=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%B9%E0%AC%AF%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%97:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="ସହଯୋଗ:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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