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class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Comparisons</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparisons-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gram</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">103 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_(%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3)" title="غرام (وحدة قياس) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غرام (وحدة قياس)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Gramo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramu" title="Gramu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Gramu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Gramo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qram" title="Qram – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qram" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%85" title="گیرم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="گیرم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE_(%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95)" title="গ্রাম (একক) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্রাম (একক)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong-khek" title="Kong-khek – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kong-khek" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Грам – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Грам – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Грам" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Грам – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Грам" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Грамм – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Грамм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_(enhed)" title="Gram (enhed) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gram (enhed)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DD%A3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="ݣرام – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ݣرام" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm" title="Gramm – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gramm" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm" title="Gramm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gramm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Γραμμάριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γραμμάριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gramo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gramo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gramo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D9%85" title="گرم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گرم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm_(eind)" title="Gramm (eind) – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Gramm (eind)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramme" title="Gramme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gramme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gramo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%BBng-khiet" title="Kûng-khiet – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kûng-khiet" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%B8%EB%9E%A8" title="그램 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="그램" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Գրամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գրամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="ग्राम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ग्राम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gramo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm" title="Gramm – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gramm" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammo" title="Grammo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Grammo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%9D" title="גרם – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גרם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Грамм – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Грамм" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გრამი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გრამი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Грамм – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Грамм" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Грамм – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Грамм" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grams" title="Grams – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Grams" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm" title="Gramm – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Gramm" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramas" title="Gramas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gramas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A1lame" title="Gálame – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Gálame" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm" title="Gramm – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gramm" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Грам – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Грам" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82" title="ഗ്രാം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗ്രാം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramma" title="Gramma – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Gramma" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="გრამი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="გრამი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="جرام – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جرام" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1ik_(c%C3%A9k-li%C3%B4ng_d%C4%83ng-%C3%B4i)" title="Káik (cék-liông dăng-ôi) – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Káik (cék-liông dăng-ôi)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram_(eenheid)" title="Gram (eenheid) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gram (eenheid)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE" title="ग्राम – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="ग्राम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B0%E3%83%A9%E3%83%A0" title="グラム – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="グラム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granme" title="Granme – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Granme" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramm" title="Gramm – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gramm" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE" title="ਗ੍ਰਾਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗ੍ਰਾਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گرام – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گرام" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grama" title="Grama – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Grama" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27isura" title="K'isura – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="K'isura" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Грам – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Грам" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Грамм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Грамм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Грамм – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Грамм" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karama" title="Karama – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Karama" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammu" title="Grammu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Grammu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramme" title="Gramme – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gramme" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grami" title="Grami – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Grami" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammu" title="Grammu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Grammu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%BE" title="Граммо – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Граммо" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garaam" title="Garaam – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Garaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Грам – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Грам" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கிராம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிராம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="గ్రాము – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="గ్రాము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1" title="กรัม – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กรัม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC" title="Грамм – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Грамм" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Грам – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Грам" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85" title="گرام – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="گرام" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gam" title="Gam – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gam" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="克" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gram" title="Gram – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Gram" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gramo" title="Gramo – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Gramo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="克" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9D" title="גראם – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="גראם" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="克" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%8B" title="克 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="克" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Metric unit of mass</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the unit of mass. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gram_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gram (disambiguation)">Gram (disambiguation)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Grams_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Grams (disambiguation)">Grams (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Gramme" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gramme_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Gramme (disambiguation)">Gramme (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">gram</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:One-yen_coin_mass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/One-yen_coin_mass.jpg/300px-One-yen_coin_mass.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/One-yen_coin_mass.jpg/450px-One-yen_coin_mass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/One-yen_coin_mass.jpg/600px-One-yen_coin_mass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4624" data-file-height="3468" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The mass of this Japanese <a href="/wiki/One_yen_coin" class="mw-redirect" title="One yen coin">one yen coin</a> is 1.00 gram. A <a href="/wiki/Weight_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight scale">weight scale</a> such as this can give an accurate reading of mass for many objects (see <a href="/wiki/Weight_vs._mass" class="mw-redirect" title="Weight vs. mass">Weight vs. mass</a>).</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">Mass</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">g</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 g <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/SI_base_unit" title="SI base unit">SI base units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>10<sup>−3</sup> <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilograms</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/CGS_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="CGS unit">CGS units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>1 gram</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial units</a><br /><a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">U.S. customary</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>0.0352740 <a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounces</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Atomic_mass_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic mass unit">Atomic mass units</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7023602214076000000♠"></span>6.022<span style="margin-left:.25em;">140</span><span style="margin-left:.25em;">76</span><span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>23</sup> <a href="/wiki/Dalton_(unit)" title="Dalton (unit)"> Da</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>gram</b> (originally <b>gramme</b>;<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a> unit symbol <b>g</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Physical_unit" class="mw-redirect" title="Physical unit">unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mass" title="Mass">mass</a> in the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI) equal to one thousandth of a <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a>. </p><p>Originally defined in 1795 as "the absolute <a href="/wiki/Weight" title="Weight">weight</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> of pure <a href="/wiki/Water" title="Water">water</a> equal to <a href="/wiki/Cube_(algebra)" title="Cube (algebra)">the cube</a> of the hundredth part of a <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a> [1 <a href="/wiki/Cubic_centimetre" title="Cubic centimetre">cm<sup>3</sup></a>], and at <a href="/wiki/Melting_point_of_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Melting point of water">the temperature</a> of <a href="/wiki/Melting_point" title="Melting point">melting</a> <a href="/wiki/Ice" title="Ice">ice</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the defining temperature (≈0 °C) was later changed to 4 °C, the temperature of maximum density of water. </p><p>By the late 19th century, there was an effort to make the <a href="/wiki/Base_unit_(measurement)" class="mw-redirect" title="Base unit (measurement)">base unit</a> the <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a> and the gram a derived unit. In 1960, the new <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> defined a <i>gram</i> as one one-thousandth of a kilogram (i.e., one gram is <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="6997100000000000000♠"></span>1<span style="margin-left:0.25em;margin-right:0.15em;">×</span>10<sup>−3</sup> kg</span>). The kilogram, <a href="/wiki/2019_revision_of_the_SI" title="2019 revision of the SI">as of 2019</a>, is defined by the <a href="/wiki/International_Bureau_of_Weights_and_Measures" title="International Bureau of Weights and Measures">International Bureau of Weights and Measures</a> from the fixed numerical value of the <a href="/wiki/Planck_constant" title="Planck constant">Planck constant</a> (<span class="texhtml mvar" style="font-style:italic;">h</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-draft-resolution-A_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft-resolution-A-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Official_SI_symbol">Official SI symbol</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Official SI symbol"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The only unit symbol for gram that is recognised by the <a href="/wiki/International_System_of_Units" title="International System of Units">International System of Units</a> (SI) is "g" following the numeric value with a space, as in "640 g" to stand for "640 grams" in the English language. The SI disallows use of abbreviations such as "gr" (which is the symbol for <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-NIST_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NIST-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: C-19">: C-19 </span></sup> "gm" ("g⋅m" is the SI symbol for gram-<a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metre</a>) or "Gm" (the SI symbol for <a href="/wiki/Giga-" title="Giga-">giga</a>metre). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The word <i>gramme</i> was adopted by the French <a href="/wiki/National_Convention" title="National Convention">National Convention</a> in its 1795 decree revising the metric system as replacing the <i>gravet</i> (introduced in 1793 simultaneously with a base measure called <a href="/wiki/Grave_(unit)" title="Grave (unit)"><i>grave</i></a>, of which <i>gravet</i> was a subdivision). Its definition remained that of the weight of a cubic centimetre of water.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>French <i>gramme</i> was taken from the <a href="/wiki/Late_Latin" title="Late Latin">Late Latin</a> term <i><span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">gramma</i></span></i>. This word—ultimately from Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γράμμα</span></span> (<i>grámma</i>), "letter"—had adopted a specialised meaning in <a href="/wiki/Late_Antiquity" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Antiquity">Late Antiquity</a> of "one twenty-fourth part of an ounce" (two <a href="/wiki/Oboli" class="mw-redirect" title="Oboli">oboli</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> corresponding to about 1.14 modern grams. This use of the term is found in the <i>carmen de ponderibus et mensuris</i> ("poem about weights and measures") composed around 400 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also evidence that the Greek <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">γράμμα</span></span> was used in the same sense at around the same time, in the 4th century, and survived in this sense into <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Greek" title="Medieval Greek">Medieval Greek</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the Latin term died out in <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Latin" title="Medieval Latin">Medieval Latin</a> and was recovered in <a href="/wiki/Renaissance" title="Renaissance">Renaissance</a> scholarship.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The gram was the base unit of mass in the 19th-century <a href="/wiki/Centimetre%E2%80%93gram%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Centimetre–gram–second system of units">centimetre–gram–second system of units</a> (CGS). The CGS system coexisted with the <a href="/wiki/MKS_system_of_units" class="mw-redirect" title="MKS system of units">metre–kilogram–second system of units</a> (MKS), first proposed in 1901, during much of the 20th century, but the gram was displaced by the <a href="/wiki/Kilogram" title="Kilogram">kilogram</a> as the base unit for mass when the MKS system was chosen for the <a href="/wiki/SI_base_units" class="mw-redirect" title="SI base units">SI base units</a> in 1960. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amphetamine.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Amphetamine.jpg/220px-Amphetamine.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Amphetamine.jpg/330px-Amphetamine.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Amphetamine.jpg/440px-Amphetamine.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3168" data-file-height="4752" /></a><figcaption>One gram of <a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">amphetamines</a> (the unit often used for street retail)</figcaption></figure> <p>The gram is the most widely used unit of measurement for non-liquid ingredients in cooking and grocery shopping worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Liquid ingredients are often measured by <a href="/wiki/Volume" title="Volume">volume</a> rather than mass. </p><p>Many standards and legal requirements for <a href="/wiki/Nutrition_label" class="mw-redirect" title="Nutrition label">nutrition labels</a> on food products require relative contents to be stated per 100 g of the product, such that the resulting figure can also be read as a percentage. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Eleventh-gram"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conversion_factors">Conversion factors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Conversion factors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wellcome_Foundation_Object_Wellcome_L0044963.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Wellcome_Foundation_Object_Wellcome_L0044963.jpg/220px-Wellcome_Foundation_Object_Wellcome_L0044963.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Wellcome_Foundation_Object_Wellcome_L0044963.jpg/330px-Wellcome_Foundation_Object_Wellcome_L0044963.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Wellcome_Foundation_Object_Wellcome_L0044963.jpg/440px-Wellcome_Foundation_Object_Wellcome_L0044963.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2653" data-file-height="4224" /></a><figcaption>A container of <a href="/wiki/GSK_plc#Burroughs_Wellcome" title="GSK plc">Wellcome</a>-brand cocaine, containing 1 avoirdupois <a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">ounce</a> or 28.3 grams (note the non-standard abbreviation <i>gm.</i>).</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>1 gram (g) ≈ 15.43236 <a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">grains</a> (gr)</li> <li>1 grain (gr) ≈ 0.0647989 grams</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois" title="Avoirdupois">avoirdupois ounce</a> (oz) ≈ 28.3495 grams</li> <li>1 <a href="/wiki/Troy_ounce" class="mw-redirect" title="Troy ounce">troy ounce</a> (ozt) = 31.1034768 g (exact, by definition)</li> <li>100 grams (g) ≈ 3.52740 ounces (oz)</li> <li>1 carat (ct) = 0.2 grams</li> <li>1 gamma (γ) = 10<sup>−6</sup> grams<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>1 undecimogramme = 1 "eleventh-gram" = 10<sup>−11</sup> grams in the historical quadrant–eleventh-gram–second system (<a href="/wiki/QES" class="mw-redirect" title="QES">QES</a> system) a.k.a. hebdometre–undecimogramme–second system (HUS system) <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>500 grams (g) = 1 jin in the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_units_of_measurement" title="Chinese units of measurement">Chinese units of measurement</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparisons">Comparisons</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Comparisons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1 gram is roughly equal to the mass of 1 small paper clip or pen cap.</li> <li>The Japanese <a href="/wiki/1_yen_coin" title="1 yen coin">1 yen coin</a> has a mass of 1 gram,<sup id="cite_ref-Mint_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mint-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lighter than the <a href="/wiki/Penny_(British_decimal_coin)" title="Penny (British decimal coin)">British penny</a> (3.56 g), the <a href="/wiki/Penny_(United_States_coin)" title="Penny (United States coin)">United States penny</a> (2.5 g), the <a href="/wiki/1_cent_Euro_coins" class="mw-redirect" title="1 cent Euro coins">Euro cent</a> (2.30 g), and the <a href="/wiki/Coins_of_Australia" title="Coins of Australia">Australian 5 cent coin</a> (2.80 g).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_units" title="Conversion of units">Conversion of units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duella" title="Duella">Duella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_gram" title="Gold gram">Gold gram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(mass)" title="Orders of magnitude (mass)">Orders of magnitude (mass)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The date and authorship of this Late Latin didactic poem are both uncertain; it was attributed to <a href="/wiki/Priscian" title="Priscian">Priscian</a> but is now attributed to Rem(m)ius Favinus/Flav(in)us.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The poem's title is reflected in the French phrase <i>poids et mesures</i> ("weights and mesures") in the title of the 1795 National Convention decree, <i>Décret relatif aux poids et aux mesures</i> that introduced the gram, and indirectly in the name of the <a href="/wiki/General_Conference_on_Weights_and_Measures" title="General Conference on Weights and Measures">General Conference on Weights and Measures</a> responsible for the modern definition of the metric units.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the Renaissance, the <i>carmen de ponderibus et mensuris</i> was received as a work of the 1st-century grammarian <a href="/wiki/Remmius_Palaemon" title="Remmius Palaemon">Remmius Palaemon</a> edited in 1528 by Johann Setzer of <a href="/wiki/Hagenau" class="mw-redirect" title="Hagenau">Hagenau</a>, together with works by <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Priscian" title="Priscian">Priscian</a> and Johannes Caesarius; <i>Aurelij Cornelij Celsi, De re medica, libri octo eruditissimi. Q. Sereni Samonici Praecepta medica, uersibus hexametris. Q. Rhemnij Fannij Palaemonis, De ponderibus [et] mensuris, liber rarus [et] utilissimus</i></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gram&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=2191980">"Weights and Measures Act 1985 (c. 72)"</a>. <i>The UK Statute Law Database</i>. Office of Public Sector Information. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080912105635/http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/content.aspx?activeTextDocId=2191980">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2011</span>. <q>§92.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+UK+Statute+Law+Database&rft.atitle=Weights+and+Measures+Act+1985+%28c.+72%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statutelaw.gov.uk%2Fcontent.aspx%3FactiveTextDocId%3D2191980&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225163152/http://smdsi.quartier-rural.org/histoire/18germ_3.htm">"Décret relatif aux poids et aux mesures"</a> (in French). 1795. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://smdsi.quartier-rural.org/histoire/18germ_3.htm">the original</a> on 25 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=D%C3%A9cret+relatif+aux+poids+et+aux+mesures&rft.date=1795&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsmdsi.quartier-rural.org%2Fhistoire%2F18germ_3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-draft-resolution-A-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-draft-resolution-A_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429025229/https://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/CGPM/Draft-Resolution-A-EN.pdf"><i>Draft Resolution A "On the revision of the International System of units (SI)" to be submitted to the CGPM at its 26th meeting (2018)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bipm.org/utils/en/pdf/CGPM/Draft-Resolution-A-EN.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Draft+Resolution+A+%22On+the+revision+of+the+International+System+of+units+%28SI%29%22+to+be+submitted+to+the+CGPM+at+its+26th+meeting+%282018%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bipm.org%2Futils%2Fen%2Fpdf%2FCGPM%2FDraft-Resolution-A-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cipm/meeting/105.html">Decision CIPM/105-13 (October 2016)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170824095943/http://www.bipm.org/en/committees/cipm/meeting/105.html">Archived</a> 24 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The day is the 144th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Metre_Convention" title="Metre Convention">Metre Convention</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NIST-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NIST_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">National Institute of Standards and Technology (October 2011). Butcher, Tina; Cook, Steve; Crown, Linda et al. eds. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/AppC-12-hb44-final.pdf">"Appendix C – General Tables of Units of Measurement"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160617040949/http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/upload/AppC-12-hb44-final.pdf">Archived</a> 2016-06-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (PDF). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/h44-12.cfm"><i>Specifications, Tolerances, and Other Technical Requirements for Weighing and Measuring Devices</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160823052024/http://www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/pubs/h44-12.cfm">Archived</a> 2016-08-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. NIST Handbook. <b>44</b> (2012 ed.). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0271-4027">0271-4027</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221225104227/https://www.worldcat.org/search?q=n2:0271-4027">Archived</a> 25 December 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/58927093">58927093</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2012.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/france/1793mesures.htm">"Décret relatif aux poids et aux mesures du 18 germinal an 3 (7 avril 1795)"</a> [Decree of 18 Germinal, year III (April 7, 1795) regarding weights and measures]. <i>Grandes lois de la République</i> (in French). Digithèque de matériaux juridiques et politiques, Université de Perpignan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130510150614/http://mjp.univ-perp.fr/france/1793mesures.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 10 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grandes+lois+de+la+R%C3%A9publique&rft.atitle=D%C3%A9cret+relatif+aux+poids+et+aux+mesures+du+18+germinal+an+3+%287+avril+1795%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmjp.univ-perp.fr%2Ffrance%2F1793mesures.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Convention nationale, décret du 1er août 1793, ed. Duvergier, <i>Collection complète des lois, décrets, ordonnances, règlemens avis du Conseil d'état, publiée sur les éditions officielles du Louvre</i>, vol. 6 (2nd ed. 1834), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0mYZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA70">p. 70</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402120318/https://books.google.ch/books?id=0mYZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA70">Archived</a> 2015-04-02 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. The <i>metre</i> (<i>mètre</i>) on which this definition depends was itself defined as the ten-millionth part of a quarter of Earth's <a href="/wiki/Meridian_(geography)" title="Meridian (geography)">meridian</a>, given in <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement_in_France_before_the_French_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement in France before the French Revolution">traditional units</a> as 3 <i><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">pieds</a></i>, 11.44 <i>lignes</i> (a <i>ligne</i> being the 12th part of an <i>pouce</i> (inch), or the 144th part of a <i>pied</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, <i>A Latin Dictionary</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0059%3Aentry%3Dgramma2">s.v. "gramma"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150717095000/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0059:entry=gramma2">Archived</a> 2015-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 1879</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnorr1996" class="citation book cs1">Knorr, Wilbur R. (1996). "Carmen de ponderibus et mensuris". In Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198661726/page/292"><i>The Oxford Classical Dictionary</i></a></span> (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780198661726/page/292">292</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/019866172X" title="Special:BookSources/019866172X"><bdi>019866172X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Carmen+de+ponderibus+et+mensuris&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Classical+Dictionary.&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=292&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=019866172X&rft.aulast=Knorr&rft.aufirst=Wilbur+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780198661726%2Fpage%2F292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henry George Liddell. Robert Scott. <i><a href="/wiki/A_Greek-English_Lexicon" class="mw-redirect" title="A Greek-English Lexicon">A Greek-English Lexicon</a></i> (revised and augmented edition, Oxford, 1940) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0057:entry=gra/mma">s.v. γράμμα</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150717095023/http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dgra%2Fmma">Archived</a> 2015-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, citing the 10th-century work <i><a href="/wiki/Geoponica" title="Geoponica">Geoponica</a></i> and a 4th-century papyrus edited in L. Mitteis, <i>Griechische Urkunden der Papyrussammlung zu Leipzig</i>, vol. i (1906), 62 ii 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPat_Chapman2007" class="citation book cs1">Pat Chapman (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=orHWFRMKf4EC&pg=PA64"><i>India Food and Cooking: The Ultimate Book on Indian Cuisine</i></a>. London: New Holland Publishers (UK) Ltd. p. 64. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845376192" title="Special:BookSources/978-1845376192"><bdi>978-1845376192</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2014</span>. <q>Most of the world uses the metric system to weigh and measure. This book puts metric first, followed by imperial because the US uses it (with slight modifications which need not concern us).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=India+Food+and+Cooking%3A+The+Ultimate+Book+on+Indian+Cuisine&rft.place=London&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=New+Holland+Publishers+%28UK%29+Ltd&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1845376192&rft.au=Pat+Chapman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DorHWFRMKf4EC%26pg%3DPA64&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged April 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGisslen,_Wayne2010" class="citation book cs1">Gisslen, Wayne (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N5el9CYbEP0C&pg=PA107"><i>Professional Cooking, College Version</i></a>. New York: Wiley. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-19752-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-19752-3"><bdi>978-0-470-19752-3</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 April</span> 2011</span>. <q>The system of measurement used in the United States is complicated. Even when people have used the system all their lives, they still sometimes have trouble remembering things like how many fluid ounces are in a quart or how many feet are in a mile. ... The United States is the only major country that uses almost exclusively the complex system of measurement we have just described.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Professional+Cooking%2C+College+Version&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-470-19752-3&rft.au=Gisslen%2C+Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DN5el9CYbEP0C%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">5th SI Brochure (1985), p. 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nist.gov/pml/special-publication-811/nist-guide-si-chapter-5-units-outside-si">"NIST Special Publication 811 – NIST Guide to the SI, Chapter 5: Units Outside the SI"</a>. <i>NIST</i>. 28 January 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160812121900/http://nist.gov/pml/pubs/sp811/sec05.cfm">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NIST&rft.atitle=NIST+Special+Publication+811+%E2%80%93+NIST+Guide+to+the+SI%2C+Chapter+5%3A+Units+Outside+the+SI&rft.date=2016-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nist.gov%2Fpml%2Fspecial-publication-811%2Fnist-guide-si-chapter-5-units-outside-si&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ethw.org/System_of_Measurement_Units">"System of Measurement Units – Engineering and Technology History Wiki"</a>. <i>ethw.org</i>. 24 April 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429231359/http://ethw.org/System_of_Measurement_Units">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ethw.org&rft.atitle=System+of+Measurement+Units+%E2%80%93+Engineering+and+Technology+History+Wiki&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethw.org%2FSystem_of_Measurement_Units&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mint-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mint_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090918202540/http://www.mint.go.jp/eng/kids/circulating_c.html">"Circulating Coin Designs"</a>. Japan Mint. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mint.go.jp/eng/kids/circulating_c.html">the original</a> on 18 September 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Circulating+Coin+Designs&rft.pub=Japan+Mint&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mint.go.jp%2Feng%2Fkids%2Fcirculating_c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGram" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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