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(PDF) Unity in Society: Forster’s Visions in a Passage to India
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The clash between two races makes cross-cultural relationship impossible to achieve. Despite the conflict, Forster believes in unity and proposes essential conditions through the narrative voice, suggesting a possibility for unity in a diverse society. Using the critical qualitative method, this study attempts to discover Forster's essential conditions of unity grounded by the theory of human basic values, which are understanding, tolerance, appreciation, and welfare of all people and for all nature. Although the essential conditions are evident, there are some reasons that restrict them, namely racial prejudice, stereotypes, and colonization. Conditions to achieve unity in a diversity as proposed by Forster will never work unless any forms of colonization are abolished.","publication_name":"Journal of Language and Literature","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"67686043"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Unity in Society: Forster’s Visions in a Passage to India","broadcastable":false,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [44027900]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loginModal = {}; window.loginModal.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon'; window.userInChina = "false";</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":67686043,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Unity in Society: Forster’s Visions in a Passage to India”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/67686043/mini_magick20210620-7142-z3c2u5.png?1624195328" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/single_work_splash/adobe_icon.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Unity in Society: Forster’s Visions in a Passage to India</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="44027900" href="https://independent.academia.edu/PetricellaMargareta"><img alt="Profile image of Petricella Margareta" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/44027900/11739540/13087144/s65_petricella.margareta.jpg" />Petricella Margareta</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--detail"><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Journal of Language and Literature</p><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata"><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">visibility</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm" id="work-metadata-view-count">…</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">description</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">5 pages</p></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-metadata__stat"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">link</span><p class="ds2-5-body-sm">1 file</p></div></div><script>(async () => { const workId = 49305840; 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if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">A Passage to India presents the issue of the human relationship between the British and the Indians during the colonization era. The clash between two races makes cross-cultural relationship impossible to achieve. Despite the conflict, Forster believes in unity and proposes essential conditions through the narrative voice, suggesting a possibility for unity in a diverse society. Using the critical qualitative method, this study attempts to discover Forster's essential conditions of unity grounded by the theory of human basic values, which are understanding, tolerance, appreciation, and welfare of all people and for all nature. Although the essential conditions are evident, there are some reasons that restrict them, namely racial prejudice, stereotypes, and colonization. Conditions to achieve unity in a diversity as proposed by Forster will never work unless any forms of colonization are abolished.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":67686043,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/49305840/Unity_in_Society_Forster_s_Visions_in_a_Passage_to_India"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":67686043,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/49305840/Unity_in_Society_Forster_s_Visions_in_a_Passage_to_India"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger-container"><div class="ds-signup-banner-trigger ds-signup-banner-trigger-control"></div></div><div class="ds-signup-banner ds-signup-banner-control"><div id="ds-signup-banner-close-button"><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary ds2-5-button--inverse"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">close</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-ctas"><img src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-capital-white.svg" /><h4 class="ds2-5-heading-serif-sm">Sign up for access to the world's latest research</h4><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--inverse ds2-5-button--full-width js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"signup-banner"}">Sign up for free<span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">arrow_forward</span></button></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-divider"></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons"><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Get notified about relevant papers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Save papers to use in your research</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Join the discussion with peers</span></div><div class="ds-signup-banner-reasons-item"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 24px" translate="no">check</span><span>Track your impact</span></div></div></div><script>(() => { // Set up signup banner show/hide behavior: // 1. 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M. Forster’s A Passage to India asignment.docx</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="33561264" href="https://sub.academia.edu/MuzahidBillah">Muzahid Billah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">E. M. Forster's A Passage to India is obviously " more than a fictional travelogue, a kind ofInside India " (Karl & Magalaner, 119). It is concerned with matter that may generate confusion, susceptibility and distinct prejudice and set two individuals, even two races face to face in relation to belligerence, intolerance and prejudice. This paper will throw light on thecases that are responsible for encountering the position of East and West. As a text says what it does not say, my probe will dig out the political tension of Indian life and racial relationship in colonial setting from the fictionalized Indian conditions as depicted in A Passage to India. Introduction The novel entitled A Passage to Indiais inspired mainly from E. M. Forster's own experience as a temporary resident in India and his coming in contact with the Indian people and with the British servants, called Anglo-Indians, who were a narrow-minded caste of chauvinistic snobs. A Passage to Indiais a book that has been balanced by Forster for a long time as it was written in 1913 and not published until 1924 and as Boris Ford said: 'Forster, representing the finest and most human in the liberal spirit, began in " APassage to India " the tradition of using Indian life as an image of personal experiences'(1983:319). Although A Passage to Indiais a highly symbolic or even mystical text, it also aims to be a realistic documentation of the attitudes of British colonial officials in India, primarily in Chandapore, a city along the Ganges River, notable only for the nearby Marbar caves. Forster spends large sections of the novel characterizing different typical attitudes the English hold toward the Indians whom they control. Forster's satire is harsh on Englishwomen, whom the author depicts as overwhelmingly racist, self-righteous, and viciously condescending to the native population. Some of the Englishmen in the novel are as nasty as the women, but Forster more often identifies Englishmen as men who, though condescending and unable to relate to Indians on an individual level, are largely well-meaning and invested in their jobs. For all Forster's criticism of the British manner of governing India, however, he does not appear to question the right of the British Empire to rule India. He suggests that the British would be well served by becoming kinder and more sympathetic to the Indians with which they live. A Passage to Indiais an exploration of Anglo-Indian friendship. Forster pays great attention to the description of the two societies that are to be found in India, namely the natives, the Indians, and the new comers, the British, but also to way they interact and to the relationships they establish. Throughout the novel, the barriers of inter-racial friendship in a colonial context are explored thoroughly: A Passage to India is a classic example of how different cultures,when forced to intermix, misunderstand</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Racial Relationship depicted in E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India asignment.docx","attachmentId":49690900,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/29240668/The_Racial_Relationship_depicted_in_E_M_Forster_s_A_Passage_to_India_asignment_docx","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/29240668/The_Racial_Relationship_depicted_in_E_M_Forster_s_A_Passage_to_India_asignment_docx"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="120537996" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/120537996/A_Colonial_Worldview_in_E_M_Forster_s_A_Passage_to_India">A Colonial Worldview in E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6074718" href="https://qurtuba.academia.edu/NijatShah">Nijat Shah</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Sir Syed journal of education & social research, 2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper aims to analyze the colonial worldview characteristic of the friendship between the English and the Indians in the early 20th century represented in E. M. Forster's novel A Passage to India. The socio-cultural contacts between the British colonizers impersonated in the novel as the British characters and Muslim Indians as the colonized group is studied in detail. Applying Franz Fanon's psycho-political perspective the paper focuses on conflicting situations between two groups of characters in the novel. The paper focuses on the colonial worldview and its effects on the relations described in the novel are represented through the situations of misunderstanding and alienation that result in chaos. The study found that the hostile and discriminate approach of English men toward the Indians never let the relationship flourish. The study however, shows some positive signs, as the author has criticized the attitude of the English. This paper suggests further research into Forster's novels from different literary perspectives to investigate the psyche and its effects on human relationships.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A Colonial Worldview in E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India","attachmentId":115654851,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/120537996/A_Colonial_Worldview_in_E_M_Forster_s_A_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/120537996/A_Colonial_Worldview_in_E_M_Forster_s_A_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="11798027" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11798027/The_Tension_of_the_Social_Relations_between_the_Colonizer_and_the_Colonized_in_Forster_s_a_Passage_to_India">The Tension of the Social Relations between the Colonizer and the Colonized in Forster’s a Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="29043861" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AbdulhafethKhrisat">Abdulhafeth Khrisat</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Colonialism is a practice of dominion which involves the subjugation of one people to another. The British colonized India and left an impact on many different levels of life and culture. E. M. Forster's A Passage to India, referring to colonialism, explores the relationship between the colonized, an Indian doctor, and the colonizer, a British schoolmaster. This paper aims to explore Albert Memmi's concepts of colonialism as presented in his The Colonizer and the Colonized (1974) and examine Forster's characters according to these views. One basic issue is the cultural misunderstanding between the colonizer and the colonized. Different types of characters in the novel embody a number of Memmi's ideas. The colonizer is characterized by profit, privilege and usurpation. Lack of communication comes at the core of the relationships seen in the social context between the English and the Indian, since colonial India suffers from mistrust and racial hatred.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Tension of the Social Relations between the Colonizer and the Colonized in Forster’s a Passage to India","attachmentId":37880214,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11798027/The_Tension_of_the_Social_Relations_between_the_Colonizer_and_the_Colonized_in_Forster_s_a_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11798027/The_Tension_of_the_Social_Relations_between_the_Colonizer_and_the_Colonized_in_Forster_s_a_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="57139831" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/57139831/The_Colonial_Otherness_in_E_M_Forster_s_A_Passage_to_India">The Colonial Otherness in E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="34794035" href="https://jlu.academia.edu/animakhijani">ani makhijani</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Classical conceptions of identity are permanence amid change or unity in diversity. The twentieth century proved to be the century of scientific advancement, industrialization, globalization and materialism. It created a need for migration and mobility, in search of better existence and more bright future. Of course, whether it is better existence or not in reality is one more debatable issue. But the fact is that human mobility, witnessed in the twentieth century brought with it several problems and the issue of identity-crisis is the major one of them. Migration and quality, in step with this belief might bring a amendment within the dress, language and method of living life, however the spirit remains a similar. The actual problem of identity-crisis emerges, when such a person finds himself nowhere on the alien shores. The foreign writers either extol India to heavenly heights or degrade it to a hell. While writers like E.M. Forster present a sympathetic image of India, E.M Forster's India confuses and confounds modern cognitive structure in A Passage to India.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Colonial Otherness in E.M. Forster’s A Passage to India","attachmentId":72182367,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/57139831/The_Colonial_Otherness_in_E_M_Forster_s_A_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/57139831/The_Colonial_Otherness_in_E_M_Forster_s_A_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="84184704" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/84184704/E_M_Forsters_A_Passage_to_India">E.M. Forster's A Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12500287" href="https://newman.academia.edu/PChilds">Peter Childs</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2002</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The celebrated widely read literary masterpiece, A Passage to India by E. M. Foster, offers us the opportunity to realize the pictures of the English brutality, bigotry and racial discrimination perpetrated on the indigenous Indians. The results of the ideological closure of racism are guilt and destruction on the personal and social levels. Forster"s A Passage to India is a living classic example of how different races and cultures, when forced to intermingle with each other, interracial conflicts and misunderstandings emerge. The ramifications of these clashes have a vehement impact on both the colonized and the colonizer; the ruled and the ruler, the Indians and the Anglo-European expatriates. Through the story of Dr. Aziz, Cyril Fielding, Mrs. Moore and Adela Quested, the excruciating interracial relationship and mutual trust between the two races, the Anglo-Indians and the indigenous native Indians, during the colonial period is noticed. A critical reading of the novel manifests multiple motifs and symbols of divisions, separateness, fences, conflicts and gulfs. The relationship of the colonizers and the colonized creates some bitter differences and big gaps that cannot be bridged. Forster explores the colonizers" racist attitudes, who believes in authority, domination and submission. This research paper, however, is an attempt to explore the deformed interracial relationship as well as cultural clashes between the Anglo-Indians and Indians: the masters and the slaves, the superior and the inferior, the Westerns and the Orientals. It also highlights the problematic relationships between the colonizer and the colonized in a colonial context. Moreover, the paper examines the racist stereotypes with which the second class citizens are depicted. This study critically appreciates and analyzes the dichotomy between two nations of different racial, cultural, linguistic and religious backgrounds. The paper furthermore focuses on the distorted relationships established between the British colonizers and the Indians in the city of Chandapore, it besides highlights the contrast between the Indian and the Western way of thinking. The emphasis is placed upon the major characters in the novel: the Indian physician, Dr. Aziz, and the English educationist, Cyril Fielding, as the actions revolve around their relationships. The paper aims at bringing out racial and interracial conflicts as well as cultural and ethnic traumas between races, between Indians and the English. The racial and ethnical patterns in A Passage to India (1924) shall be examined.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"E.M. Forster's A Passage to India","attachmentId":89296219,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/84184704/E_M_Forsters_A_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/84184704/E_M_Forsters_A_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="36053017" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36053017/SKEPTICISM_AND_DOUBT_A_STUDY_OF_INTERPERSONAL_RELATIONSHIPS_IN_E_M_FORSTERS_A_PASSAGE_TO_INDIA">SKEPTICISM AND DOUBT: A STUDY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN E.M. FORSTER'S A PASSAGE TO INDIA</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="73337692" href="https://aqu.academia.edu/JamalNafi">Jamal Nafi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Through a close reading of E.M. Forster's A Passage to India (1924), this paper seeks to expose the various personal relationships depicted in the novel. It also sheds light on the two nations described, the colonizer, represented by the British, and the colonized, represented by the Indians, and their attitudes towards each other. The analytical approach will be adopted throughout the paper. The paper tries to answer a vital question, posed by some Indian characters at the beginning of the narrative: Whether the British and the Indians can be friends. To achieve this end and to answer this question, the main focus will be on the exploration of different relationships developed throughout the text. Some critics have remarked that Forster was over-critical in his portrayal of the Anglo-Indians. Many Englishmen were annoyed and even offended with Forster for writing such a book. But impartial people never take such criticism seriously. A Passage to India is a superbly realistic novel with some unrealistic flashes here and there. The novel reflects the courageous vision of the unembarrassed and unprejudiced observer of the Indian National Scene. Where he deviated from facts and succumbed to exaggerations, the reasons are not to be sought very far. One reason may be that he was carried off his mental balance through an over-dependence on fictitious rumors set afloat by the rulers. Most of the relationships failed miserably because the soil was not fertile for them to flourish. The result of the research concluded that individual human efforts are bound to fail in the face of the inevitable march of events over which human beings have no control. Friendship is only possible among equals, and the British and the Indians were not equal at the time when this novel was written.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"SKEPTICISM AND DOUBT: A STUDY OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN E.M. FORSTER'S A PASSAGE TO INDIA","attachmentId":55938784,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36053017/SKEPTICISM_AND_DOUBT_A_STUDY_OF_INTERPERSONAL_RELATIONSHIPS_IN_E_M_FORSTERS_A_PASSAGE_TO_INDIA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36053017/SKEPTICISM_AND_DOUBT_A_STUDY_OF_INTERPERSONAL_RELATIONSHIPS_IN_E_M_FORSTERS_A_PASSAGE_TO_INDIA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="31245850" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31245850/The_Problematic_Issues_of_Identity_Formation_Race_Relations_and_Complexities_of_Colonial_Discourse_in_Hybrid_Contexts_A_Comparative_Study_of_the_Complex_Relationship_between_the_Colonizer_and_the_Colonized_in_a_Novel_A_Passage_to_India">The Problematic Issues of Identity Formation, Race Relations and Complexities of Colonial Discourse in Hybrid Contexts: A Comparative Study of the Complex Relationship between the Colonizer and the Colonized in a Novel A Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25631281" href="https://morelab.academia.edu/farhanahaque">Farhana haque</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper will present some major complexities between the colonizer of British Raj and the colonized inhabitants in a novel named A Passage to India by E.M Forster. Throughout this novel it also has unveiled the oversimplified idea that Orientals did depict. Therefore the continuous system of constructing to which the recently arrived persons who were subjected for creating colonizers and then all became identical. After that it has been dealt with the image of the land and seemed so hostile to the colonizers, combating with them and made their feelings intense about alienation and exile. This is the novel which has been portrayed the problematic issues of making identity, connecting the race relations and complexities of colonial discourse in dual contexts. The exploration of the text of the novel from a post-colonial point of view revealed the depiction of the socio-psychological of Anglo-Indians during the period of the British Raj. Minute observations of Forster's portrayal of India will be our realization of the psychological dilemma of Anglo-Indians who desired to call India as their home.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Problematic Issues of Identity Formation, Race Relations and Complexities of Colonial Discourse in Hybrid Contexts: A Comparative Study of the Complex Relationship between the Colonizer and the Colonized in a Novel A Passage to India","attachmentId":51652327,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/31245850/The_Problematic_Issues_of_Identity_Formation_Race_Relations_and_Complexities_of_Colonial_Discourse_in_Hybrid_Contexts_A_Comparative_Study_of_the_Complex_Relationship_between_the_Colonizer_and_the_Colonized_in_a_Novel_A_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/31245850/The_Problematic_Issues_of_Identity_Formation_Race_Relations_and_Complexities_of_Colonial_Discourse_in_Hybrid_Contexts_A_Comparative_Study_of_the_Complex_Relationship_between_the_Colonizer_and_the_Colonized_in_a_Novel_A_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="104850146" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/104850146/Searching_for_Solidarity_Within_the_Context_of_Personal_and_Social_Affairs_in_Em_ForsterSa_Passage_to_India">Searching for Solidarity Within the Context of Personal and Social Affairs in Em Forster'Sa Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="173420970" href="https://comu.academia.edu/CEVDETYILMAZ">CEVDET YILMAZ</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">eskiweb.cumhuriyet.edu.tr</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Öz Bu makale, İngiliz yazar EM Forster&#x27;ın A Passage to India adlı eserinde, aynı zamanda genel olarak kendi liberal fikirlerini yansıtan bireysel ve sosyal boyuttaki ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Romanda, karakterlerin farklı sosyal ve kültürel yapılardan gelmelerine ...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Searching for Solidarity Within the Context of Personal and Social Affairs in Em Forster'Sa Passage to India","attachmentId":104468344,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/104850146/Searching_for_Solidarity_Within_the_Context_of_Personal_and_Social_Affairs_in_Em_ForsterSa_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/104850146/Searching_for_Solidarity_Within_the_Context_of_Personal_and_Social_Affairs_in_Em_ForsterSa_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="4953207" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4953207/Rethinking_Identity_The_Coloniser_in_E_M_Forsters_A_Passage_to_India">Rethinking Identity: The Coloniser in E. M. Forster's A Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="6522248" href="https://uitm.academia.edu/AzaharAhmadNizar">Azahar Ahmad Nizar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper highlights the problematic relationship between the coloniser and the colonised in a colonial context as manifested in Forster's novel, A Passage to India. It also reveals the stereotypes with which Orientals are depicted and the constant process of 'formatting' or brainwashing to which newcomers are subjected, in order to generate colonisers who are all the same. Further, it deals with the image of the land as being hostile to the colonisers, fighting them and intensifying their feelings of alienation and exile. The article particularly applies Albert Memmi's theories in his book The Colonizer and The Colonized, as well as those of other cultural philosophers. Hopefully, this paper would generate further readings into Forster's novels, especially A Passage to India, that depict the problematic issues of identity formation, race relations and complexities of colonial discourse in hybrid contexts.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rethinking Identity: The Coloniser in E. M. Forster's A Passage to India","attachmentId":32207112,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4953207/Rethinking_Identity_The_Coloniser_in_E_M_Forsters_A_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4953207/Rethinking_Identity_The_Coloniser_in_E_M_Forsters_A_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="74117194" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74117194/Post_Colonial_Study_in_E_M_Forster_s_Novel_A_Passage_to_India">Post-Colonial Study in E. M. Forster’s Novel A Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="87012036" href="https://nmj.academia.edu/SidharthaSawant">Dr. Sidhartha Sawant</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2020</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">A Passage to India is a postcolonial novel written by a colonizer about the British rule in India whereby he highlights the racial prejudices and tensions of both the colonizer and the colonized. The novel is a realistic document about the British rule in India. It is the representative postcolonial novel which deals with the racial conflict between the Orient and the Occident. The novel shows how the ruling Anglo-Indians became arrogant and how they destroyed the chance of winning over their Indian subjects. A passage to India is thus a valuable critique of the inhumane treatment of the Indians by their British masters. The racial barrier between the West and the East has been brilliantly and artistically depicted in the novel. Throughout the novel, the barriers of inter-racial friendship in a colonial context are explored thoroughly.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Post-Colonial Study in E. M. Forster’s Novel A Passage to India","attachmentId":82439920,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74117194/Post_Colonial_Study_in_E_M_Forster_s_Novel_A_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/74117194/Post_Colonial_Study_in_E_M_Forster_s_Novel_A_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":67686043,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":67686043,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_67686043" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.</p></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sidebar--container js-work-sidebar"><div class="ds-related-content--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="40250848" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/40250848/A_BRIEF_ANALYSIS_OF_E_M_FORSTERS_A_PASSAGE_TO_INDIA">A BRIEF ANALYSIS OF E.M. 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FORSTER'S 'A PASSAGE TO INDIA'","attachmentId":60484029,"attachmentType":"docx","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/40250848/A_BRIEF_ANALYSIS_OF_E_M_FORSTERS_A_PASSAGE_TO_INDIA","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/40250848/A_BRIEF_ANALYSIS_OF_E_M_FORSTERS_A_PASSAGE_TO_INDIA"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="12439350" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12439350/Causes_and_Origin_of_Racial_Tension_in_A_Passage_to_India">Causes & Origin of Racial Tension in A Passage to India</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28816224" href="https://org.academia.edu/JANEALAM">JANE ALAM</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Causes \u0026 Origin of Racial Tension in A Passage to India","attachmentId":37666027,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12439350/Causes_and_Origin_of_Racial_Tension_in_A_Passage_to_India","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/12439350/Causes_and_Origin_of_Racial_Tension_in_A_Passage_to_India"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="68553393" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68553393/India_and_Indians_in_the_British_Eyes_A_Critical_Estimation_of_the_Novel_A_Passage_to_India_by_E_M_Forster">India and Indians in the British Eyes: A Critical Estimation of the Novel A Passage to India by E. M. Forster</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="97772820" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SamirDey7">Samir Dey</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Vidyasagar University, 2021</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"India and Indians in the British Eyes: A Critical Estimation of the Novel A Passage to India by E. M. Forster","attachmentId":78988662,"attachmentType":"doc","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/68553393/India_and_Indians_in_the_British_Eyes_A_Critical_Estimation_of_the_Novel_A_Passage_to_India_by_E_M_Forster","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/68553393/India_and_Indians_in_the_British_Eyes_A_Critical_Estimation_of_the_Novel_A_Passage_to_India_by_E_M_Forster"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="39628849" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/39628849/Hospitality_vs_Hostility_in_E_M_Forsters_A_Passage_to_India">Hospitality vs. Hostility in E. 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