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href="https://www.academia.edu/45294246/Patterns_of_Exchange_Navajo_Weavers_and_Traders_by_Teresa_Wilkins">Patterns of Exchange: Navajo Weavers and Traders by Teresa Wilkins</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/45294246" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33314b54bdd863d0288025b35962fd68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":65847755,"asset_id":45294246,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm 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and Dilemmas by Tanja Winther</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33279117" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e88ece946820ca3a3a9006f5b8e5b150" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53347244,"asset_id":33279117,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53347244/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2778677" href="https://universityofarizona.academia.edu/MichaelSchiffer">Michael Schiffer</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2778677" type="text/json">{"id":2778677,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Schiffer","domain_name":"universityofarizona","page_name":"MichaelSchiffer","display_name":"Michael 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u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33279117"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2403396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist">American Anthropologist</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2403396" type="text/json">{"id":2403396,"name":"American 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Schiffer","profile_url":"https://universityofarizona.academia.edu/MichaelSchiffer?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2778677/80408824/68987893/s65_michael.schiffer.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31861302" data-work_id="31861302" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31861302/Turf_Wars_Discourse_Diversity_and_the_Politics_of_Place_by_Gabriella_Gahlia_Modan">Turf Wars: Discourse, Diversity, and the Politics of Place by Gabriella Gahlia Modan</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Probably more than any other British anthropologist, Roy Ellen is associated with the study of ethnobiology; his has also long ranked among the leading names in the field. This collection of papers, all previously published between 1975... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31861302" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Probably more than any other British anthropologist, Roy Ellen is associated with the study of ethnobiology; his has also long ranked among the leading names in the field. This collection of papers, all previously published between 1975 and 1998, fairly represents Ellen's varied contributions to folk zoology and botany. The chapters also demonstrate differences between Ellen's approach and those of others, particularly approaches associated with Brent Berlin and his collaborators. Largely in contrast to these, Ellen has always taken a relativist, holistic, and something of a cultural particularist view of classificatory usage, investigating the development and application of plant and animal categories within the totality of the culture and social life of the people to whom they relate: in this instance, particularly the Nuaulu of eastern Indonesia. Ellen has also for a long time advocated a view of classification as a dynamic process, rather than a product or relatively static component of cultural systems; hence the phrase in the book's subtitle, "classifying behaviour." Yet Ellen has never been an extreme relativist, and, indeed, he accepts much of the basic framework of the intellectualist and universalist position on folk taxonomy most closely identified with Berlin. At the same time, he has always offered detailed and ethnographically well-informed perspectives on particular cases, critically refining applications of panhuman folk taxonomic schema to these. Two of the chapters (republished essays), for example, involve a critical review of the notion of "life-form" taxa as it may apply (or not apply) to indigenous ethnobotanical categories. Focusing on Nuaulu ways of classifying marsupials and the cassowary, another paper (in fact the earliest, republished here as ch. 4) explores how classification can vary according to practical and social and conceptual contexts. In this case, the partly religious notion of food prohibitions is brought to bear on the way edible species are classified, and as this might suggest, single-named folk zoological categories are shown to participate both in what have been distinguished as "general purpose" and "special purpose" classificatory schema.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31861302" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8fe7bfc566df2d2d0ef5ba9e1cac52b0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52151174,"asset_id":31861302,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52151174/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3430255" href="https://uofl.academia.edu/ShawnParkhurst">Shawn S Parkhurst</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3430255" type="text/json">{"id":3430255,"first_name":"Shawn","last_name":"Parkhurst","domain_name":"uofl","page_name":"ShawnParkhurst","display_name":"Shawn S Parkhurst","profile_url":"https://uofl.academia.edu/ShawnParkhurst?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3430255/1167170/1461214/s65_shawn.parkhurst.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31861302 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31861302"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31861302, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31861302", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31861302]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31861302").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31861302").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31861302"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2403396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist">American Anthropologist</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2403396" type="text/json">{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31861302]'), work: {"id":31861302,"title":"Turf Wars: Discourse, Diversity, and the Politics of Place by Gabriella Gahlia Modan","created_at":"2017-03-14T08:32:50.345-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31861302/Turf_Wars_Discourse_Diversity_and_the_Politics_of_Place_by_Gabriella_Gahlia_Modan?f_ri=2403396","dom_id":"work_31861302","summary":"Probably more than any other British anthropologist, Roy Ellen is associated with the study of ethnobiology; his has also long ranked among the leading names in the field. This collection of papers, all previously published between 1975 and 1998, fairly represents Ellen's varied contributions to folk zoology and botany. The chapters also demonstrate differences between Ellen's approach and those of others, particularly approaches associated with Brent Berlin and his collaborators. Largely in contrast to these, Ellen has always taken a relativist, holistic, and something of a cultural particularist view of classificatory usage, investigating the development and application of plant and animal categories within the totality of the culture and social life of the people to whom they relate: in this instance, particularly the Nuaulu of eastern Indonesia. Ellen has also for a long time advocated a view of classification as a dynamic process, rather than a product or relatively static component of cultural systems; hence the phrase in the book's subtitle, \"classifying behaviour.\" Yet Ellen has never been an extreme relativist, and, indeed, he accepts much of the basic framework of the intellectualist and universalist position on folk taxonomy most closely identified with Berlin. At the same time, he has always offered detailed and ethnographically well-informed perspectives on particular cases, critically refining applications of panhuman folk taxonomic schema to these. Two of the chapters (republished essays), for example, involve a critical review of the notion of \"life-form\" taxa as it may apply (or not apply) to indigenous ethnobotanical categories. Focusing on Nuaulu ways of classifying marsupials and the cassowary, another paper (in fact the earliest, republished here as ch. 4) explores how classification can vary according to practical and social and conceptual contexts. In this case, the partly religious notion of food prohibitions is brought to bear on the way edible species are classified, and as this might suggest, single-named folk zoological categories are shown to participate both in what have been distinguished as \"general purpose\" and \"special purpose\" classificatory schema.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52151174,"asset_id":31861302,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3430255,"first_name":"Shawn","last_name":"Parkhurst","domain_name":"uofl","page_name":"ShawnParkhurst","display_name":"Shawn S Parkhurst","profile_url":"https://uofl.academia.edu/ShawnParkhurst?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3430255/1167170/1461214/s65_shawn.parkhurst.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48125699" data-work_id="48125699" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48125699/Demonic_Males_Apes_and_the_Origins_of_Human_Violence_Demonic_Males_Apes_and_the_Origins_of_Human_Violence">Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence.:Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48125699" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff816122a908cbaa3e88e24fe244448a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66900030,"asset_id":48125699,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66900030/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33363843" href="https://harvard.academia.edu/RWrangham">R. 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data-work_id="1336938" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1336938/Unto_Others_The_Evolution_and_Psychology_of_Unselfish_Behavior">Unto Others: The Evolution and Psychology of Unselfish Behavior</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Unto Others (UO) is an important book for all with a genuine interest in evolutionary biology, and right on target for everyone interested in human behavior. It is also of great relevance for those interested in the effects of the global... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1336938" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Unto Others (UO) is an important book for all with a genuine interest in evolutionary biology, and right on target for everyone interested in human behavior. It is also of great relevance for those interested in the effects of the global human population increase, and the interaction of population and environment, aspects which will be emphasized in this review. UO is a truly interdisciplinary exploration of the paradox of explaining the existence of both the egoistic (i.e., selfish) and the altruistic (unselfish) behaviors and motives. 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_66259175" data-work_id="66259175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/66259175/Art_and_Writing_in_the_Maya_Cities_A_D_600_800_A_Poetics_of_Line_Art_and_Writing_in_the_Maya_Cities_A_D_600_800_A_Poetics_of_Line">Art and Writing in the Maya Cities, A.D. 600--800: A Poetics of Line:Art and Writing in the Maya Cities, A.D. 600--800: A Poetics of Line</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">remains and environmental conditions), Heckenberger is critical of traditional cultural ecological approaches to the study of Amazonia. He believes past emphases on environmental "limiting factors" have produced biases that work against... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_66259175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">remains and environmental conditions), Heckenberger is critical of traditional cultural ecological approaches to the study of Amazonia. He believes past emphases on environmental "limiting factors" have produced biases that work against the appreciation of cultural complexity in Amazonia. While discussing environmental factors related to agriculture, fishing, and the selection of settlement sites, Heckenberger minimizes their significance in shaping Xinguano cultures. Instead, he stresses how the traditional tendencies of Arawakan societies imprint themselves on the landscape and draw non-Arawak neighbors into their orbit. These emphases on history and values as the determinants of culture are reminiscent of Boasian historical particularism. But the theoretical thrust of Heckenberger's text is more mentalistic and postmodern than Boasian. He suggests the relegation of Amazonian societies to the "Tropical Forest" culture type resulted from Western biases about what constitutes "civilization" and the use of Western criteria for measuring cultural complexity (e.g., urbanism, productive surpluses, and writing). Instead, he says scholars should develop "local meanings of complexity" within the Amazonian context (p. 183). One manner of doing this, Heckenberger suggests, is to study native concepts of the body, personhood, and power in societies that strive to produce persons rather than property or surpluses. Consequently, he devotes considerate effort to analyzing these concepts among Xinguano peoples, with emphasis on the Kuikuru. Overall, this is a complex book, but one that presents a wealth of data and ideas. Heckenberger's discussions of the Arawak diaspora, the demographic collapse of the postconquest period, and the multiethnic acculturative process of "Xinguanification" are compelling. Some of the book's most valuable contributions are its archaeological data, mapping, and analyses that document the complex settlement patterns and substantial constructions of the Late Ipavu Galactic Period. Heckenberger's conclusion that the Upper Xingú region had larger populations and hereditary chiefdoms in late prehistoric times seems entirely justified. Heckenberger is not the first to describe large settlements, roads, defensive works, and chiefdoms in Amazonia, for these features were noted by the earliest European explorers in the region; in addition, a number of scholars have written about ranked societies and chiefdoms in Amazonia. However, Heckenberger's study is one of the most detailed and best researched to date.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/66259175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eb284c1e824277def4eef570617c4078" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":77521303,"asset_id":66259175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/77521303/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="919601" href="https://brown.academia.edu/StephenHouston">Stephen Houston</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="919601" type="text/json">{"id":919601,"first_name":"Stephen","last_name":"Houston","domain_name":"brown","page_name":"StephenHouston","display_name":"Stephen Houston","profile_url":"https://brown.academia.edu/StephenHouston?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/919601/342951/407412/s65_stephen.houston.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_66259175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="66259175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 66259175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_66259175", }); 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He believes past emphases on environmental \"limiting factors\" have produced biases that work against the appreciation of cultural complexity in Amazonia. While discussing environmental factors related to agriculture, fishing, and the selection of settlement sites, Heckenberger minimizes their significance in shaping Xinguano cultures. Instead, he stresses how the traditional tendencies of Arawakan societies imprint themselves on the landscape and draw non-Arawak neighbors into their orbit. These emphases on history and values as the determinants of culture are reminiscent of Boasian historical particularism. But the theoretical thrust of Heckenberger's text is more mentalistic and postmodern than Boasian. He suggests the relegation of Amazonian societies to the \"Tropical Forest\" culture type resulted from Western biases about what constitutes \"civilization\" and the use of Western criteria for measuring cultural complexity (e.g., urbanism, productive surpluses, and writing). Instead, he says scholars should develop \"local meanings of complexity\" within the Amazonian context (p. 183). One manner of doing this, Heckenberger suggests, is to study native concepts of the body, personhood, and power in societies that strive to produce persons rather than property or surpluses. Consequently, he devotes considerate effort to analyzing these concepts among Xinguano peoples, with emphasis on the Kuikuru. Overall, this is a complex book, but one that presents a wealth of data and ideas. Heckenberger's discussions of the Arawak diaspora, the demographic collapse of the postconquest period, and the multiethnic acculturative process of \"Xinguanification\" are compelling. Some of the book's most valuable contributions are its archaeological data, mapping, and analyses that document the complex settlement patterns and substantial constructions of the Late Ipavu Galactic Period. Heckenberger's conclusion that the Upper Xingú region had larger populations and hereditary chiefdoms in late prehistoric times seems entirely justified. Heckenberger is not the first to describe large settlements, roads, defensive works, and chiefdoms in Amazonia, for these features were noted by the earliest European explorers in the region; in addition, a number of scholars have written about ranked societies and chiefdoms in Amazonia. 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Gleitman</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80405733" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="3e648bbc6ad1d9b308816e2e5a2c0e02" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86798206,"asset_id":80405733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86798206/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28252245" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BenjaminBlount">Benjamin Blount</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28252245" type="text/json">{"id":28252245,"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Blount","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BenjaminBlount","display_name":"Benjamin Blount","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BenjaminBlount?f_ri=2403396","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80405733 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80405733"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80405733, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80405733", }); 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Eric Wanner, Lila R. Gleitman","created_at":"2022-05-31T16:26:19.845-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80405733/Language_Acquisition_The_State_of_the_Art_Eric_Wanner_Lila_R_Gleitman?f_ri=2403396","dom_id":"work_80405733","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86798206,"asset_id":80405733,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28252245,"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Blount","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BenjaminBlount","display_name":"Benjamin Blount","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BenjaminBlount?f_ri=2403396","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_77272134" data-work_id="77272134" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/77272134/The_Gender_Sexuality_Reader_Culture_History_Political_Economy_The_Gender_Sexuality_Reader_Culture_History_Political_Economy">The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy:The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background: Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is an essential protein complex for plant development. It catalyzes ubiquitination of histone H2A that is an important part of the transcription repression machinery. Absence of PRC1... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_77272134" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background: Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is an essential protein complex for plant development. It catalyzes ubiquitination of histone H2A that is an important part of the transcription repression machinery. Absence of PRC1 subunits in Arabidopsis thaliana plants causes severe developmental defects. Many aspects of the plant PRC1 are elusive, including its origin and phylogenetic distribution. Results: We established the evolutionary history of the plant PRC1 subunits (LHP1, Ring1a-b, Bmi1a-c, EMF1, and VRN1), enabled by sensitive phylogenetic methods and newly sequenced plant genomes from previously unsampled taxonomic groups. We showed that all PRC1 core subunits exist in gymnosperms, earlier than previously thought, and that VRN1 is a recent addition, found exclusively in eudicots. The retention of individual subunits in chlorophytes, mosses, lycophytes and monilophytes indicates that they can moonlight as part of other complexes or processes. Moreover, we showed that most PRC1 subunits underwent a complex, duplication-rich history that differs significantly between Brassicaceae and other eudicots. Conclusions: PRC1 existed in the last common ancestor of seed plants where it likely played an important regulatory role, aiding their radiation. The presence of LHP1, Ring1 and Bmi1 in mosses, lycophytes and monilophytes also suggests the presence of a primitive yet functional PRC1.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/77272134" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99299c29eda7a471492670c5b0dc81a6" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84697599,"asset_id":77272134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84697599/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="29910020" href="https://northwestern.academia.edu/MicaeladiLeonardo">Micaela di Leonardo</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="29910020" type="text/json">{"id":29910020,"first_name":"Micaela","last_name":"di Leonardo","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"MicaeladiLeonardo","display_name":"Micaela di Leonardo","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/MicaeladiLeonardo?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29910020/11100792/14365124/s65_micaela_di.leonardo.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_77272134 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="77272134"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 77272134, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_77272134", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=77272134]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_77272134").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_77272134").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="77272134"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies">Gender Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="696" type="text/json">{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=77272134]'), work: {"id":77272134,"title":"The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy:The Gender/Sexuality Reader: Culture, History, Political Economy","created_at":"2022-04-22T06:33:37.936-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/77272134/The_Gender_Sexuality_Reader_Culture_History_Political_Economy_The_Gender_Sexuality_Reader_Culture_History_Political_Economy?f_ri=2403396","dom_id":"work_77272134","summary":"Background: Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1) is an essential protein complex for plant development. It catalyzes ubiquitination of histone H2A that is an important part of the transcription repression machinery. Absence of PRC1 subunits in Arabidopsis thaliana plants causes severe developmental defects. Many aspects of the plant PRC1 are elusive, including its origin and phylogenetic distribution. Results: We established the evolutionary history of the plant PRC1 subunits (LHP1, Ring1a-b, Bmi1a-c, EMF1, and VRN1), enabled by sensitive phylogenetic methods and newly sequenced plant genomes from previously unsampled taxonomic groups. We showed that all PRC1 core subunits exist in gymnosperms, earlier than previously thought, and that VRN1 is a recent addition, found exclusively in eudicots. The retention of individual subunits in chlorophytes, mosses, lycophytes and monilophytes indicates that they can moonlight as part of other complexes or processes. Moreover, we showed that most PRC1 subunits underwent a complex, duplication-rich history that differs significantly between Brassicaceae and other eudicots. Conclusions: PRC1 existed in the last common ancestor of seed plants where it likely played an important regulatory role, aiding their radiation. The presence of LHP1, Ring1 and Bmi1 in mosses, lycophytes and monilophytes also suggests the presence of a primitive yet functional PRC1.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84697599,"asset_id":77272134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":29910020,"first_name":"Micaela","last_name":"di Leonardo","domain_name":"northwestern","page_name":"MicaeladiLeonardo","display_name":"Micaela di Leonardo","profile_url":"https://northwestern.academia.edu/MicaeladiLeonardo?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/29910020/11100792/14365124/s65_micaela_di.leonardo.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":696,"name":"Gender Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_Studies?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":4917,"name":"Gender and Sexuality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender_and_Sexuality?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":52408,"name":"Literary studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literary_studies?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":131567,"name":"Newspaper","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newspaper?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":569638,"name":"Full Text Vol 5","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Full_Text_Vol_5?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":953669,"name":"Routledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Routledge?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_62060468" data-work_id="62060468" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/62060468/A_Parrot_among_John_Crows_Diversity_as_Risk_and_Reward">A Parrot among John Crows: Diversity as Risk and Reward</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/62060468" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2c4d978f6223433a8ee0c223a795a3e7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74925966,"asset_id":62060468,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74925966/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="199132873" href="https://independent.academia.edu/BennTorresJada">Jada Benn Torres</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="199132873" type="text/json">{"id":199132873,"first_name":"Jada","last_name":"Benn Torres","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"BennTorresJada","display_name":"Jada Benn Torres","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BennTorresJada?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/199132873/60895220/49163625/s65_jada.benn_torres.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_62060468 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="62060468"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 62060468, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_62060468", }); 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Some of these differences have geographical correlates. Some genetic variants that produce physical or behavioral deficits occur significantly more often in some areas, or in some... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51492134" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There are hereditary differences among human beings. Some of these differences have geographical correlates. Some genetic variants that produce physical or behavioral deficits occur significantly more often in some areas, or in some ethnic groups, than in others. However, none of these facts provides any intellectual support for the race concept, for racial classifications, or for social hierarchies based on ethnic-group membership. The geographical element of the race concept is important in theory but is widely ignored in practice since it does not conform well to the facts of current human phenotype distribution. Much of the literature on supposed racial differences involves such geographically meaningless exercises as studying differences among "races" by subdividing a sample of North Americans. If races are defined as geographically delimited conspecific populations characterized by distinctive regional phenotypes, then human races do not exist now and have not existed for centuries, [race, human variation, intelligence]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51492134" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a93fc4b57f74e6e132f27c9afdf0ff25" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69194340,"asset_id":51492134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69194340/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6627204" href="https://bu.academia.edu/MattCartmill">Matt Cartmill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6627204" type="text/json">{"id":6627204,"first_name":"Matt","last_name":"Cartmill","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"MattCartmill","display_name":"Matt Cartmill","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/MattCartmill?f_ri=2403396","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51492134 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51492134"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51492134, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51492134", }); 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Some of these differences have geographical correlates. Some genetic variants that produce physical or behavioral deficits occur significantly more often in some areas, or in some ethnic groups, than in others. However, none of these facts provides any intellectual support for the race concept, for racial classifications, or for social hierarchies based on ethnic-group membership. The geographical element of the race concept is important in theory but is widely ignored in practice since it does not conform well to the facts of current human phenotype distribution. Much of the literature on supposed racial differences involves such geographically meaningless exercises as studying differences among \"races\" by subdividing a sample of North Americans. If races are defined as geographically delimited conspecific populations characterized by distinctive regional phenotypes, then human races do not exist now and have not existed for centuries, [race, human variation, intelligence]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69194340,"asset_id":51492134,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6627204,"first_name":"Matt","last_name":"Cartmill","domain_name":"bu","page_name":"MattCartmill","display_name":"Matt Cartmill","profile_url":"https://bu.academia.edu/MattCartmill?f_ri=2403396","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2674,"name":"Intelligence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Intelligence?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":11639,"name":"Racism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Racism?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":13723,"name":"Physical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Anthropology?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":42324,"name":"Heredity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heredity?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":68584,"name":"Ethnocentrism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnocentrism?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":81942,"name":"Settlement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Settlement?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":106145,"name":"Classification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classification?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":170124,"name":"Evolutionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evolutionism?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":213897,"name":"Phenotype","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenotype?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":244565,"name":"Concept","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concept?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_61471524" data-work_id="61471524" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/61471524/Pocahontas_Goes_to_the_Clinic_Popular_Culture_as_Lingua_Franca_in_a_Cultural_Borderland">Pocahontas Goes to the Clinic: Popular Culture as Lingua Franca in a Cultural Borderland</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Urban hospitals constitute an example of what is arguably the most visible site in anthropology these days-the border zone. Negotiating health care requires trafficking in tricky spaces where patients and their families must pay vigilant... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_61471524" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Urban hospitals constitute an example of what is arguably the most visible site in anthropology these days-the border zone. Negotiating health care requires trafficking in tricky spaces where patients and their families must pay vigilant attention about when to submit, when to resist, and how to collaborate. Drawing from ethnographic research carried out over the past nine years among African American families who have children with severe illnesses and disabilities, I examine how children's popular culture operates in the fraught borderland that constitutes the urban clinic. Global icons like a Disneyfied Pocahantas can function as a lingua franca, offering a language of publicly available symbols on which families, health professionals, and children can draw to create a shared imaginative space across race and class divides and across the sometimes even more radical divide between sufferer and healer. [Keywords: health care, cultural icons, narrative, child identity, modes of communication] T HE FIRST time I met Pocahontas in a hospital was in the mid-1990s. Of course, as a U.S. citizen, I had known her since childhood. But I had forgotten all about her until she appeared, quite unexpectedly, in hospitals in Chicago and Los Angeles where I was carrying out research. She looked very different than I remembered. Older, and less, well, historical. She had been dusted off, Disneyfied, transformed into a gorgeous teenage beauty with a head of the most magnificent black hair and a body as enviably proportioned as Barbie. She could sing too. And it was Disney who sent her to the clinic. For not only was she a largerthan-life figure in a popular animated movie, she was packaged into craft sets, costumes, dolls, and an array of other cultural artifacts that began to find their way into all sorts of children's places-including children's hospitals. She traveled internationally as well. I saw her once, resplendently arrayed, hair flowing, on a large poster board in a duty free shop at the Copenhagen airport. Internet chat rooms carried on worldwide conversations about her adventures. Pocahontas had gone global. This apparently frivolous example of the circulation of global goods has special and, indeed, profound significance in the context of health care, as I have gradually come to realize. Drawing from ethnographic research carried out over the past nine years among African American families who have children with severe illnesses and disabilities, I examine how children's popular culture, exported by such mass media empires as Disney, operates in the fraught borderland</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/61471524" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="48292d0eb963c3256b0c609c3a498dc2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":74492793,"asset_id":61471524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/74492793/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57343629" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MattinglyCheryl">Cheryl Mattingly</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57343629" type="text/json">{"id":57343629,"first_name":"Cheryl","last_name":"Mattingly","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MattinglyCheryl","display_name":"Cheryl Mattingly","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MattinglyCheryl?f_ri=2403396","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_61471524 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="61471524"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 61471524, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_61471524", }); 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Negotiating health care requires trafficking in tricky spaces where patients and their families must pay vigilant attention about when to submit, when to resist, and how to collaborate. Drawing from ethnographic research carried out over the past nine years among African American families who have children with severe illnesses and disabilities, I examine how children's popular culture operates in the fraught borderland that constitutes the urban clinic. Global icons like a Disneyfied Pocahantas can function as a lingua franca, offering a language of publicly available symbols on which families, health professionals, and children can draw to create a shared imaginative space across race and class divides and across the sometimes even more radical divide between sufferer and healer. [Keywords: health care, cultural icons, narrative, child identity, modes of communication] T HE FIRST time I met Pocahontas in a hospital was in the mid-1990s. Of course, as a U.S. citizen, I had known her since childhood. But I had forgotten all about her until she appeared, quite unexpectedly, in hospitals in Chicago and Los Angeles where I was carrying out research. She looked very different than I remembered. Older, and less, well, historical. She had been dusted off, Disneyfied, transformed into a gorgeous teenage beauty with a head of the most magnificent black hair and a body as enviably proportioned as Barbie. She could sing too. And it was Disney who sent her to the clinic. For not only was she a largerthan-life figure in a popular animated movie, she was packaged into craft sets, costumes, dolls, and an array of other cultural artifacts that began to find their way into all sorts of children's places-including children's hospitals. She traveled internationally as well. I saw her once, resplendently arrayed, hair flowing, on a large poster board in a duty free shop at the Copenhagen airport. Internet chat rooms carried on worldwide conversations about her adventures. Pocahontas had gone global. This apparently frivolous example of the circulation of global goods has special and, indeed, profound significance in the context of health care, as I have gradually come to realize. Drawing from ethnographic research carried out over the past nine years among African American families who have children with severe illnesses and disabilities, I examine how children's popular culture, exported by such mass media empires as Disney, operates in the fraught borderland","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":74492793,"asset_id":61471524,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57343629,"first_name":"Cheryl","last_name":"Mattingly","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MattinglyCheryl","display_name":"Cheryl Mattingly","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MattinglyCheryl?f_ri=2403396","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2858,"name":"Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Popular_Culture?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_55630740" data-work_id="55630740" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/55630740/Tzeltal_Folk_Zoology_The_Classification_of_Discontinuities_in_Nature_Eugene_S_Hunn">Tzeltal Folk Zoology: The Classification of Discontinuities in Nature . Eugene S. 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Of course the conclusions about the significance of those findings will vary by theoretical persuasion, as they do here. Because we are interested ultimately in detecting cross-cultural universals in the context of normal population variation, we premise our research from a very different theoretical starting point than Jacobson, who is instead oriented to the study of how society creates or applies meaning to categories of disorder. We do not necessarily agree, for example, with Jacobson's statement that "biology does not preordain a behavior as normal or abnormal." In fact, current thinking about psychiatric phenomena suggests just the converse: An ultimate boundary of what constitutes abnormality will be universally observable because the basic capacities for human social behavior are evolved. For example, core features of schizophrenic behavior (such as flattened facial expression) manifest in diverse cultural contexts and appear to be universally defined as deviant or strange by other social actors regardless of the observer's cultural background (Murphy 1982; Schmidt 1997).</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12448745" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b69f031471ff1940b274109228ec593a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46177693,"asset_id":12448745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46177693/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15617522" href="https://asu.academia.edu/AlexandraBrewisSlade">Alexandra Brewis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15617522" type="text/json">{"id":15617522,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Brewis","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"AlexandraBrewisSlade","display_name":"Alexandra Brewis","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/AlexandraBrewisSlade?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15617522/7506864/10257157/s65_alexandra.brewis_slade.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12448745 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12448745"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12448745, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12448745", }); 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Of course the conclusions about the significance of those findings will vary by theoretical persuasion, as they do here. Because we are interested ultimately in detecting cross-cultural universals in the context of normal population variation, we premise our research from a very different theoretical starting point than Jacobson, who is instead oriented to the study of how society creates or applies meaning to categories of disorder. We do not necessarily agree, for example, with Jacobson's statement that \"biology does not preordain a behavior as normal or abnormal.\" In fact, current thinking about psychiatric phenomena suggests just the converse: An ultimate boundary of what constitutes abnormality will be universally observable because the basic capacities for human social behavior are evolved. For example, core features of schizophrenic behavior (such as flattened facial expression) manifest in diverse cultural contexts and appear to be universally defined as deviant or strange by other social actors regardless of the observer's cultural background (Murphy 1982; Schmidt 1997).","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46177693,"asset_id":12448745,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15617522,"first_name":"Alexandra","last_name":"Brewis","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"AlexandraBrewisSlade","display_name":"Alexandra Brewis","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/AlexandraBrewisSlade?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/15617522/7506864/10257157/s65_alexandra.brewis_slade.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2403396,"name":"American 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Adam Kendon","created_at":"2021-12-08T02:27:14.296-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/63533208/Conducting_Interaction_Patterns_of_Behavior_in_Focused_Encounters_Adam_Kendon?f_ri=2403396","dom_id":"work_63533208","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":75933211,"asset_id":63533208,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":11598652,"first_name":"christian","last_name":"Heath","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"christianHeath","display_name":"christian Heath","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/christianHeath?f_ri=2403396","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_54919565" data-work_id="54919565" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/54919565/Fluid_Ontologies_Myth_Ritual_and_Philosophy_in_the_Highlands_of_Papua_New_Guinea_Fluid_Ontologies_Myth_Ritual_and_Philosophy_in_the_Highlands_of_Papua_New_Guinea">Fluid Ontologies: Myth, Ritual and Philosophy in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea:Fluid Ontologies: Myth, Ritual and Philosophy in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">BOOK REVIEWS / Sociocultural Anthropology 883 what constitutes "progress?"' These are familiar issues, but the empirical richness of the essays gives teeth to their general conclusions. Essays and collections that seek to occupy a middle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_54919565" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">BOOK REVIEWS / Sociocultural Anthropology 883 what constitutes "progress?"' These are familiar issues, but the empirical richness of the essays gives teeth to their general conclusions. Essays and collections that seek to occupy a middle ground are always subject to doubts about whether the position they seek is particularly distinct or new. This problem is reflected in Between Resistance and Revolution in two ways. One, despite the claim that the social mo vements they are describing are quite distinct from studies of everyday protest inspired by James Scott's influential work, Weapons of the Weak (Yale University Press, 1990), several of the essays in the volume use the vocabulary as well as the insights of the literature on resistance (Guha, Ginsburg, Ota, Stoltzfus). But even were the volume successful in marking out a middle ground, a second problem remains. This middle ground is well trodden by many political scientists and sociologists, if through the deployment of a different idiom of scholarship. The protests that essays in this volume portray are not so different from those in Bert Klandermans's The Social</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/54919565" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9029840001d5295770879bed7a04be2e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":71045337,"asset_id":54919565,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/71045337/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="23511083" href="https://franklinpierce.academia.edu/RWelsch">Robert Welsch</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="23511083" type="text/json">{"id":23511083,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Welsch","domain_name":"franklinpierce","page_name":"RWelsch","display_name":"Robert Welsch","profile_url":"https://franklinpierce.academia.edu/RWelsch?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23511083/27932672/26193138/s65_robert.welsch.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_54919565 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="54919565"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 54919565, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_54919565", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=54919565]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_54919565").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_54919565").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="54919565"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="767" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology">Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="767" type="text/json">{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2403396" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist">American Anthropologist</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2403396" type="text/json">{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=54919565]'), work: {"id":54919565,"title":"Fluid Ontologies: Myth, Ritual and Philosophy in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea:Fluid Ontologies: Myth, Ritual and Philosophy in the Highlands of Papua New Guinea","created_at":"2021-10-02T15:04:30.607-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/54919565/Fluid_Ontologies_Myth_Ritual_and_Philosophy_in_the_Highlands_of_Papua_New_Guinea_Fluid_Ontologies_Myth_Ritual_and_Philosophy_in_the_Highlands_of_Papua_New_Guinea?f_ri=2403396","dom_id":"work_54919565","summary":"BOOK REVIEWS / Sociocultural Anthropology 883 what constitutes \"progress?\"' These are familiar issues, but the empirical richness of the essays gives teeth to their general conclusions. Essays and collections that seek to occupy a middle ground are always subject to doubts about whether the position they seek is particularly distinct or new. This problem is reflected in Between Resistance and Revolution in two ways. One, despite the claim that the social mo vements they are describing are quite distinct from studies of everyday protest inspired by James Scott's influential work, Weapons of the Weak (Yale University Press, 1990), several of the essays in the volume use the vocabulary as well as the insights of the literature on resistance (Guha, Ginsburg, Ota, Stoltzfus). But even were the volume successful in marking out a middle ground, a second problem remains. This middle ground is well trodden by many political scientists and sociologists, if through the deployment of a different idiom of scholarship. The protests that essays in this volume portray are not so different from those in Bert Klandermans's The Social","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":71045337,"asset_id":54919565,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":23511083,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Welsch","domain_name":"franklinpierce","page_name":"RWelsch","display_name":"Robert Welsch","profile_url":"https://franklinpierce.academia.edu/RWelsch?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/23511083/27932672/26193138/s65_robert.welsch.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51199751" data-work_id="51199751" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51199751/Local_Science_vs_Global_Science_Approaches_to_Indigenous_Knowledge_in_International_Development">Local Science vs. Global Science: Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge in International Development</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In C.E. 599 and again in 611, the small lowland Maya center of Palenque was "chopped down" by the powerhouse Calakmul; shortly thereafter, in C.E. 615, 12-yearold Janaab' Pakal (hereafter Pakal) came to rule the ruined city. The defeats... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51199751" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In C.E. 599 and again in 611, the small lowland Maya center of Palenque was "chopped down" by the powerhouse Calakmul; shortly thereafter, in C.E. 615, 12-yearold Janaab' Pakal (hereafter Pakal) came to rule the ruined city. The defeats meant that Palenque's leaders were unable to perform sacred rituals commemorating calendrical cycling and celebrating its tutelary deities, a circumstance noted bleakly in retrospective carved texts. It fell on Pakal to rebuild the city architecturally and cosmopolitically. According to Gerardo Aldana, this reconstruction was accomplished through the extraordinary computational genius on the part of the scribes and calendar priests in Pakal's royal court (C.E. 615-683) and that of his son and successor, Kan B'ahlam II (C.E. 684-702). Following the mathematical approach of the late Floyd Lounsbury, Aldana investigated Maya astronomical and astronumerological practice evident in the much-analyzed hieroglyphic texts of the three carved stone tablets in the superstructure of the Temple of the Inscriptions, Pakal's funerary monument. Through careful examination of patterns of dates on these tablets, Aldana describes how Pakal rebuilt the city's power and prestige by C.E. 672 (9.12.0.0.0 in the Maya Long Count calendar). The polity returned to cosmopolitical normalcy and dynastic relegitimization through regular calendrical celebrations, through Pakal's conjuring of a portal between earth (Palenque) and the gods, and by identifying himself as the Maize God. These successes laid the groundwork for continued prosperity during the next seven k'atuns (intervals of ∼20 years), to 10.0.0.0.0. Aldana's key achievement is uncovering the salience of the ever-puzzling 819-day count in Maya calendrics, one unit in a system of quadripartite, cardinally oriented stations totaling 3,276 days. The significance of 819 is not simply that it is divisible by the sacred numbers of the Maya-7, 9, and 13-but, rather, that by doing so, it facilitated the calculation backward and forward of enormous numbers of days in the Long Count, the kinds of counts needed to track planetary cycles of Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, and Mercury. The 819-day count was thus an elegant cognitive tool, an "astronumerological algorithm for simplifying calcula</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51199751" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="81450f26d33a38a6d6b338cf0cf16189" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69021920,"asset_id":51199751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69021920/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4544122" href="https://wur.academia.edu/AlbertoArce">Alberto Arce</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4544122" type="text/json">{"id":4544122,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Arce","domain_name":"wur","page_name":"AlbertoArce","display_name":"Alberto Arce","profile_url":"https://wur.academia.edu/AlbertoArce?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4544122/3588847/4211204/s65_alberto.arce.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51199751 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51199751"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51199751, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51199751", }); 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shortly thereafter, in C.E. 615, 12-yearold Janaab' Pakal (hereafter Pakal) came to rule the ruined city. The defeats meant that Palenque's leaders were unable to perform sacred rituals commemorating calendrical cycling and celebrating its tutelary deities, a circumstance noted bleakly in retrospective carved texts. It fell on Pakal to rebuild the city architecturally and cosmopolitically. According to Gerardo Aldana, this reconstruction was accomplished through the extraordinary computational genius on the part of the scribes and calendar priests in Pakal's royal court (C.E. 615-683) and that of his son and successor, Kan B'ahlam II (C.E. 684-702). Following the mathematical approach of the late Floyd Lounsbury, Aldana investigated Maya astronomical and astronumerological practice evident in the much-analyzed hieroglyphic texts of the three carved stone tablets in the superstructure of the Temple of the Inscriptions, Pakal's funerary monument. Through careful examination of patterns of dates on these tablets, Aldana describes how Pakal rebuilt the city's power and prestige by C.E. 672 (9.12.0.0.0 in the Maya Long Count calendar). The polity returned to cosmopolitical normalcy and dynastic relegitimization through regular calendrical celebrations, through Pakal's conjuring of a portal between earth (Palenque) and the gods, and by identifying himself as the Maize God. These successes laid the groundwork for continued prosperity during the next seven k'atuns (intervals of ∼20 years), to 10.0.0.0.0. Aldana's key achievement is uncovering the salience of the ever-puzzling 819-day count in Maya calendrics, one unit in a system of quadripartite, cardinally oriented stations totaling 3,276 days. The significance of 819 is not simply that it is divisible by the sacred numbers of the Maya-7, 9, and 13-but, rather, that by doing so, it facilitated the calculation backward and forward of enormous numbers of days in the Long Count, the kinds of counts needed to track planetary cycles of Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, and Mercury. The 819-day count was thus an elegant cognitive tool, an \"astronumerological algorithm for simplifying calcula","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69021920,"asset_id":51199751,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4544122,"first_name":"Alberto","last_name":"Arce","domain_name":"wur","page_name":"AlbertoArce","display_name":"Alberto Arce","profile_url":"https://wur.academia.edu/AlbertoArce?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4544122/3588847/4211204/s65_alberto.arce.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2585,"name":"International Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Development?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_50813847 coauthored" data-work_id="50813847" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/50813847/Guna_Yala_Voices_to_Remember">Guna Yala: Voices to Remember</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Storyboard per il podcast di American Anthropologist “Anthropological Airwaves”, a cura di Luciano Giannelli, Massimo Squillacciotti, Paola Tinè, versione finale luglio 2021. Il podcast è disponibile online sul sito di “American... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_50813847" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Storyboard  per il podcast di American Anthropologist “Anthropological Airwaves”, a cura di Luciano Giannelli, Massimo Squillacciotti, Paola Tinè, versione finale luglio 2021. <br />Il podcast è disponibile online sul sito di “American Anthropologist” dal 27 agosto 2021 al link <a href="https://www.americananthropologist.org/podcast/season-3-episode-5-voices-to-remember" rel="nofollow">https://www.americananthropologist.org/podcast/season-3-episode-5-voices-to-remember</a> <br /> <br />Link al testo italiano: <a href="https://www.americananthropologist.org/season-3-episode-5-voices-to-remember/transcript-italian" rel="nofollow">https://www.americananthropologist.org/season-3-episode-5-voices-to-remember/transcript-italian</a> <br /> <br />Soundcloud (Italiano): <a href="https://soundcloud.com/anthro-airwaves/s03-ish-e05-voci-da-ricordare-voices-to-remember" rel="nofollow">https://soundcloud.com/anthro-airwaves/s03-ish-e05-voci-da-ricordare-voices-to-remember</a> <br /> <br />Soundcloud (Inglese): <a href="https://soundcloud.com/anthro-airwaves/s03ish-e05-voices-to-remember-voci-da-ricordare-english" rel="nofollow">https://soundcloud.com/anthro-airwaves/s03ish-e05-voices-to-remember-voci-da-ricordare-english</a> <br /> <br />Inoltre è disponibile in Youtube e in Twitter, rispettivamente: <br />Youtube (Inglese): <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuhrGH4JoGk" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MuhrGH4JoGk</a> <br />Youtube (Italiano): <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DFH38kIF3o" rel="nofollow">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1DFH38kIF3o</a> <br />Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/AnthroAirwaves/status/1432748560861302784?s=20" rel="nofollow">https://twitter.com/AnthroAirwaves/status/1432748560861302784?s=20</a> <br /> <br />Il presente testo è anche nel sito dell’Archivio CISAI: <a href="https://www.academia.edu/44669212/Guna_Yala_Voci_da_Ricordare" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/44669212/Guna_Yala_Voci_da_Ricordare</a> <br /> <br />Nella conversazione si fa riferimento al saggio “Ied Namagged. Il taglio dei capelli e il rito della pubertà femminile tra i cuna” reperibile nell’Archivio del CISAI nel sito di Academia all’indirizzo: <a href="https://independent.academia.edu/CisaiArchivio" rel="nofollow">https://independent.academia.edu/CisaiArchivio</a>, senza il documento sonoro che è invece presente con il relativo documento testuale nell’Archivio Cisai / Etnolinguistica presso il sito del Cisap dell'Università di Cagliari), all'indirizzo <a href="http://sites.unica.it/cisap/archivio/cisai/" rel="nofollow">http://sites.unica.it/cisap/archivio/cisai/</a>. <br /> <br />Inoltre vedi ivi anche “Il rito della pubertà femminile tra i Cuna” <a href="https://www.academia.edu/41346647/Il_rito_della_pubert%C3%A0_femminile_tra_i_Cuna" rel="nofollow">https://www.academia.edu/41346647/Il_rito_della_pubert%C3%A0_femminile_tra_i_Cuna</a> <br /> <br />Questa piattaforma non permette l’archiviazione dei documenti audio, come la registrazione del programma in inglese e in italiano, come gli audio musicali e gli estratti dal Canto segnati nel testo e che sono: <br />- Musica di apertura: Traccia audio: Tumbiriggechu – estratto <br />- Inserto audio 1: Canto VIII - Ied namagged - estratto 1 <br />- Inserto audio 2: Canto XII – XIV - Ied namagged - estratto 2 <br />- Musica di chiusura: Gammuburwi - estratto .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/50813847" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="33ad034509b6935e60140522048139fc" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68692183,"asset_id":50813847,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68692183/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="43052901" href="https://independent.academia.edu/msquillacciotti">massimo squillacciotti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="43052901" type="text/json">{"id":43052901,"first_name":"massimo","last_name":"squillacciotti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"msquillacciotti","display_name":"massimo squillacciotti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/msquillacciotti?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/43052901/14842744/15628429/s65_massimo.squillacciotti.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-50813847">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-50813847"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://victoria.academia.edu/PaolaTin%C3%A8">Paola Tiné</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-50813847'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-50813847').html(); 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Military waste, urban runoff, and former farmland dirty the water, but people who live along its shores cherish the river and fight to make it clean. Political ecology, stressing the power... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_59914953" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The Anacostia River severs Washington, D.C. Military waste, urban runoff, and former farmland dirty the water, but people who live along its shores cherish the river and fight to make it clean. Political ecology, stressing the power relations, inequalities, connections, and contradictions that join natural and social processes over time, enlarges historical and anthropological theory in Washington. In this article I explore the experiences and perspectives of people who have lived along the Anacostia River over the last 10,000 years. Linked transformations in environmental and social processes repeatedly created unsettled, contradictory, and unjust relations between people and the natural and built environment. The pollution of the Anacostia River reflects colonialism and conquest: nationalism, militarism, empire; racism, inequality, and urban renewal. I begin with the British conquest, then turn to four successive moments in state formation: the founding of the capital, the invention of a strong central government, urban renewal in the capital core, and the contemporary development of the waterfront. The use values of people who live along the river conflict with the exchange values that have dominated the city's history. The city's environmental justice movement has emerged from these use values and today confronts a massive redevelopment plan that exploits and undermines the movement, [political ecology, environmental justice, urban history, race, and poverty]</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/59914953" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bf1ae65816b94b7257d1c3283e06da68" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":73595809,"asset_id":59914953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/73595809/download_file?st=MTczOTg0NDAxMyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5129835" href="https://american.academia.edu/BWilliams">Brett Williams</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5129835" type="text/json">{"id":5129835,"first_name":"Brett","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"american","page_name":"BWilliams","display_name":"Brett Williams","profile_url":"https://american.academia.edu/BWilliams?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5129835/2249823/66930787/s65_brett.williams.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_59914953 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="59914953"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 59914953, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_59914953", }); 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Military waste, urban runoff, and former farmland dirty the water, but people who live along its shores cherish the river and fight to make it clean. Political ecology, stressing the power relations, inequalities, connections, and contradictions that join natural and social processes over time, enlarges historical and anthropological theory in Washington. In this article I explore the experiences and perspectives of people who have lived along the Anacostia River over the last 10,000 years. Linked transformations in environmental and social processes repeatedly created unsettled, contradictory, and unjust relations between people and the natural and built environment. The pollution of the Anacostia River reflects colonialism and conquest: nationalism, militarism, empire; racism, inequality, and urban renewal. I begin with the British conquest, then turn to four successive moments in state formation: the founding of the capital, the invention of a strong central government, urban renewal in the capital core, and the contemporary development of the waterfront. The use values of people who live along the river conflict with the exchange values that have dominated the city's history. The city's environmental justice movement has emerged from these use values and today confronts a massive redevelopment plan that exploits and undermines the movement, [political ecology, environmental justice, urban history, race, and poverty]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":73595809,"asset_id":59914953,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5129835,"first_name":"Brett","last_name":"Williams","domain_name":"american","page_name":"BWilliams","display_name":"Brett Williams","profile_url":"https://american.academia.edu/BWilliams?f_ri=2403396","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5129835/2249823/66930787/s65_brett.williams.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":2808,"name":"Poverty","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poverty?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":3126,"name":"Political Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Ecology?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":10191,"name":"Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justice?f_ri=2403396","nofollow":true},{"id":36059,"name":"Environmentalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmentalism?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":53166,"name":"Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":53238,"name":"Race","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Race?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":1208706,"name":"Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environment?f_ri=2403396"},{"id":2403396,"name":"American Anthropologist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?f_ri=2403396"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?after=50%2C59914953" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/American_Anthropologist?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. 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