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Middle English, the language of Chaucer, is discussed in relation to both earlier and later stages in the history of English, and in relation to other languages with which it came into contact.Key Featurespresents the historical and geographical contexts of Middle Englishexamines the evidence for Middle English; introduces the principal features of Middle English spelling, pronunciation, grammar and vocabularyincludes an introduction to Middle English textual studies; selected Middle English texts, both literary and non-literary; notes, glossaries and annotated bibliographies; and questions for review.Most other introductory books on Middle English focus on literary rather than linguistic matters; this book is designed to redress the balance, by providing students of English language with an up-to-date, authoritative survey which takes account of recent trends in historical linguistics.&quote;"/><meta property="og:title" content="Introduction to Middle English"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73itHmbUH6f7kuKxLcpFJXoMe-tB0NfQ3QHdddtN7aD9nuZ9Yh9MxVUzAoA_DsX0zf5fQP_O7XFJf9FzPmGKZofB_rKmlCE-ctNPjf585EBdlcPyarHPAGi96G0aODLrFwY3wZC"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73itHmbUH6f7kuKxLcpFJXoMe-tB0NfQ3QHdddtN7aD9nuZ9Yh9MxVUzAoA_DsX0zf5fQP_O7XFJf9FzPmGKZofB_rKmlCE-ctNPjf585EBdlcPyarHPAGi96G0aODLrFwY3wZC"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DsjVYDwAAQBAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Middle English, the language of Chaucer, is discussed in relation to both earlier and later stages in the history of English, and in relation to other languages with which it came into contact.Key Featurespresents the historical and geographical contexts of Middle Englishexamines the evidence for Middle English; introduces the principal features of Middle English spelling, pronunciation, grammar and vocabularyincludes an introduction to Middle English textual studies; selected Middle English texts, both literary and non-literary; notes, glossaries and annotated bibliographies; and questions for review.Most other introductory books on Middle English focus on literary rather than linguistic matters; this book is designed to redress the balance, by providing students of English language with an up-to-date, authoritative survey which takes account of recent trends in historical linguistics.&quote;</div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="redir_esc" value="y"><input type=hidden name="id" value="sjVYDwAAQBAJ"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Search inside" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form><div id="preview-link"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover" class="primary"><span dir=ltr>Preview this book</span> »</a></div></div></td> </tr></table><div id="summary-second-column"></div></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT7&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=1" ><span title="Abbreviations " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Abbreviations </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT14&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=1" ><span title="What did Middle English look like? " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>What did Middle English look like? </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Middle English in </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>PART II </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>The lexicon </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Grammar </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>PART III </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Middle English texts </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Discussion of the exercises </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT155&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=1" ><span title="Index " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Index </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&printsec=copyright" ><span title="Copyright" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><div style="clear:left; height:1em"></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="book_other_versions_anchor"></a>Other editions - <a href='https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=editions:ISBN147440846X&id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ'>View all</a></h3><div id=book_other_versions class=about_content><div id=book_other_versions_v><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=LDBF5TJZHzQC&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=LDBF5TJZHzQC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=LDBF5TJZHzQC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2"><span dir=ltr>An Introduction to Middle English</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Simon+Horobin%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Simon Horobin</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Jeremy+J.+Smith%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Jeremy J. Smith</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2002</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=TDRWDwAAQBAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=TDRWDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=TDRWDwAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2"><span dir=ltr>Introduction to Middle English</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Simon+Horobin%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Simon Horobin</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2016</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Vwrrf-sKtJYC&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/publisher/content?id=Vwrrf-sKtJYC&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=Vwrrf-sKtJYC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2"><span dir=ltr>An Introduction to Middle English</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Simon+Horobin%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Simon Horobin</span></a>,<a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Jeremy+J.+Smith%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Jeremy J. Smith</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#99522e">Limited preview</span> - 2002</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div><div class="showall"><a class="secondary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=editions:ISBN147440846X&id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=2">View all »</a></div><script>(function () {var fn = window['_OC_WSBookList'] || window['_OC_BookList'];fn && fn('book_other_versions', [{"title":"An Introduction to Middle English","authors":"Simon Horobin, Jeremy J. Smith","bib_key":"ISBN:0195219503","pub_date":"2002","snippet":"This authoritative survey offers a concise description of Middle English, the language of Chaucer, during the period from 1100 to 1500. 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class=about_title><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id=word_cloud class=about_content><div id=word_cloud_v><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class=cloud><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=adjectives&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>adjectives</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=adopted&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>adopted</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=appears&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>appears</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=became&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>became</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=become&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>become</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=beginning&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>beginning</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=century&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>century</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=chapter&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>chapter</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=characteristic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>characteristic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Chaucer%E2%80%99s&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Chaucer鈥檚</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Chaucerian+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Chaucerian English</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=clauses&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>clauses</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=common&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>common</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=comparatively&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>comparatively</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=consonant&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>consonant</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=construction&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>construction</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=contains&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>contains</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=continued&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>continued</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=copied&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>copied</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=course&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>course</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=demonstrated&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>demonstrated</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=derived&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>derived</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=determiners&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>determiners</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=developed&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>developed</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=dialects&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>dialects</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=discussion&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>discussion</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=distinction&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>distinction</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=distinguish&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>distinguish</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=earlier&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>earlier</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=early&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>early</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=edition&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>edition</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Ellesmere&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Ellesmere</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>English</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=evidence&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>evidence</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=example&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>example</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=expressed&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>expressed</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=fourteenth&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>fourteenth</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=French&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>French</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=function&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>function</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=further&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>further</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=genitive&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>genitive</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=given&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>given</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=grammar&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>grammar</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=important&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>important</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=indicate&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>indicate</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=inflexional&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>inflexional</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=initial&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>initial</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=instance&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>instance</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=known&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>known</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=language&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>language</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=late&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>late</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=later&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>later</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Latin&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Latin</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=letter&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>letter</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=lexicon&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>lexicon</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=linguistic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>linguistic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=London&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>London</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=manuscripts&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>manuscripts</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=marked&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>marked</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=meaning&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>meaning</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Middle+English&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Middle English</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Midlands&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Midlands</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Norse&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Norse</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Northern&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Northern</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=noted&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>noted</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=noun&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>noun</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=origins&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>origins</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=paradigm&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>paradigm</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=passage&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>passage</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=pattern&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>pattern</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=perhaps&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>perhaps</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=period&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>period</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=person&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>person</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=phrases&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>phrases</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=plural&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>plural</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=poem&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>poem</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=possible&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>possible</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=practice&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>practice</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=present&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>present</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=present-day&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>present-day</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=probably&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>probably</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=pronoun&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>pronoun</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=pronunciation&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>pronunciation</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=prototypically&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>prototypically</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=questions&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>questions</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=reading&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>reading</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=recorded&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>recorded</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=reference&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>reference</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=reflect&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>reflect</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=reflexes&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>reflexes</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=remains&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>remains</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=represent&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>represent</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=result&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>result</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=scholars&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>scholars</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=scribe&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>scribe</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=seems&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>seems</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=short&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>short</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=shows&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>shows</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=singular&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>singular</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=sounds&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>sounds</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Southern&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Southern</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=speech&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>speech</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=spelling&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>spelling</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=standard&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>standard</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=stressed&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>stressed</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=strong&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>strong</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=suggests&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>suggests</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=syllables&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>syllables</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=texts&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>texts</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=third&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>third</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=Type&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Type</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=usage&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>usage</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=varieties&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>varieties</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=verb&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>verb</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=vocabulary&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>vocabulary</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=vowels&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>vowels</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=weak&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>weak</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=words&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>words</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=writing&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>writing</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&q=written&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=3" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>written</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Introduction to Middle English</span><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=bibliogroup:%22Edinburgh+Textbooks+on+the+English+Language%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><i><span dir=ltr>Edinburgh Textbooks on the English Language</span></i></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Author</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Simon+Horobin%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Simon Horobin</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Edinburgh University Press, 2016</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>147440846X, 9781474408462</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>192 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Language Arts & Disciplines</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+Linguistics%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Linguistics</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+Linguistics+Historical+%26+Comparative%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Historical & Comparative</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Language+Arts+%26+Disciplines+/+Linguistics+/+Historical+%26+Comparative%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=4"><span dir=ltr>Language Arts & Disciplines / Linguistics / Historical & Comparative</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td>&nbsp</td><td>&nbsp</td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Introduction_to_Middle_English.bibtex?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Introduction_to_Middle_English.enw?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Introduction_to_Middle_English.ris?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ&output=ris"><span dir=ltr>RefMan</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DsjVYDwAAQBAJ%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en"}, {"volume_id":"sjVYDwAAQBAJ","is_ebook":true,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":true,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=sjVYDwAAQBAJ\u0026source=gbs_atb_hover","is_browsable":true,"is_public_domain":false}, {});</script><div id="footer_table" 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