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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Simon_Stevin's_travels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simon_Stevin's_travels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Simon Stevin's travels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simon_Stevin's_travels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Simon_Stevin_in_the_Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Simon_Stevin_in_the_Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Simon Stevin in the Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Simon_Stevin_in_the_Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Discoveries_and_inventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Discoveries_and_inventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Discoveries and inventions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Discoveries_and_inventions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Discoveries and inventions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Discoveries_and_inventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Management_of_waterways" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Management_of_waterways"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Management of waterways</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Management_of_waterways-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy_of_science" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy_of_science"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Philosophy of science</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy_of_science-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geometry,_physics_and_trigonometry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geometry,_physics_and_trigonometry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Geometry, physics and trigonometry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geometry,_physics_and_trigonometry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Music theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bookkeeping" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bookkeeping"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Bookkeeping</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bookkeeping-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decimal_fractions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decimal_fractions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Decimal fractions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decimal_fractions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Mathematics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neologisms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neologisms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Neologisms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neologisms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Publications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Publications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Publications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Publications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Simon Stevin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سيمون ستيفين – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سيمون ستيفين" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Симон Стевин – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Симон Стевин" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86" title="سیمون استیون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سیمون استیون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%AA%AC_%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%8C%EB%B9%88" title="시몬 스테빈 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시몬 스테빈" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%B8%D5%B6_%D5%8D%D5%A9%D6%87%D5%AB%D5%B6" title="Սիմոն Սթևին – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սիմոն Սթևին" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Stevino" title="Simone Stevino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Simone Stevino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="სიმონ სტევინი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სიმონ სტევინი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simons_Stevins" title="Simons Stevins – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Simons Stevins" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB" title="സൈമൺ സ്റ്റെവിൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സൈമൺ സ്റ്റെവിൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%86" title="سيمون ستيفين – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سيمون ستيفين" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3" title="シモン・ステヴィン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シモン・ステヴィン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Стевин, Симон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Стевин, Симон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BD" title="Сімон Стевін – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сімон Стевін" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Simon Stevin" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Flemish mathematician scientist and music theorist (1548–1620)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the ship, see <a href="/wiki/RV_Simon_Stevin" title="RV Simon Stevin">RV <i>Simon Stevin</i></a>. For the Dutch academic journal, see <a href="/wiki/Simon_Stevin_(journal)" title="Simon Stevin (journal)"><i>Simon Stevin</i> (journal)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Simon Stevin</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon-stevin.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Simon-stevin.jpeg/220px-Simon-stevin.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Simon-stevin.jpeg/330px-Simon-stevin.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Simon-stevin.jpeg/440px-Simon-stevin.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3484" data-file-height="4804" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1548<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Bruges, Belgium</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1620 (aged 71–72)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">The Hague?<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data">Leiden University</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Mathematician</li><li>scientist</li><li>music theorist</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Decimal_fractions" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal fractions">Decimal fractions</a><sup id="cite_ref-decimals_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-decimals-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Delft_tower_experiment" title="Delft tower experiment">Delft tower experiment</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_value_theorem" title="Intermediate value theorem">Intermediate value theorem</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatics#Hydrostatic_pressure" title="Hydrostatics">Stevin's law</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Simon Stevin</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Dutch:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈsimɔn<span class="wrap"> </span>steːˈvɪn]</a></span>; 1548–1620), sometimes called <b>Stevinus</b>, was a <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flemish</a> <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematician</a>, scientist and <a href="/wiki/Music_theorist" class="mw-redirect" title="Music theorist">music theorist</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He made various contributions in many areas of <a href="/wiki/Science" title="Science">science</a> and <a href="/wiki/Engineering" title="Engineering">engineering</a>, both theoretical and practical. He also translated various mathematical terms into <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, making it one of the few European languages in which the word for <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:wiskunde#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:wiskunde">wiskunde</a></i> (<i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:wis#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:wis">wis</a></i> and <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:kunde#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:kunde">kunde</a></i>, i.e., "the knowledge of what is certain"), was not a <a href="/wiki/Loanword" title="Loanword">loanword</a> from <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a> but a <a href="/wiki/Calque" title="Calque">calque</a> via <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>. He also replaced the word <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:chemie#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:chemie">chemie</a></i>, the Dutch for chemistry, by <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:scheikunde#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:scheikunde">scheikunde</a></i> ("the art of separating"), made in <a href="/wiki/Analogy#Linguistics" title="Analogy">analogy</a> with <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/en:wiskunde#Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:en:wiskunde">wiskunde</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Very little is known with certainty about Simon Stevin's life, and what we know is mostly inferred from other recorded facts.<sup id="cite_ref-EJD_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EJD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact birth date and the date and place of his death are uncertain. It is assumed he was born in <a href="/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges">Bruges</a>, since he enrolled at <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a> under the name <i>Simon Stevinus Da Brugensis</i> (meaning "Simon Stevin from Bruges"). His name is usually written as Stevin, but some documents regarding his father use the spelling <i>Stevijn</i> (pronunciation [ˈste:vεɪn]); this was a common spelling shift in 16th-century Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Simon Stevin's mother, Cathelijne (or Catelyne), was the daughter of a wealthy family from <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>; her father Hubert was a <a href="/wiki/Poorter" title="Poorter">poorter</a> of Bruges. Cathelijne would later marry Joost Sayon, who was involved in the carpet and <a href="/wiki/Silk" title="Silk">silk</a> trade and was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Schutterij" title="Schutterij">schuttersgilde</a> Sint-Sebastiaan. Through her marriage, Cathelijne became a member of a family of <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinists</a>; it is thought that Simon Stevin was likely brought up in the Calvinist faith.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevin_MacTutor_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevin_MacTutor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is believed that Stevin grew up in a relatively affluent environment and enjoyed a good education. He was likely educated at a <a href="/wiki/Latin_school" title="Latin school">Latin school</a> in his hometown.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simon_Stevin's_travels"><span id="Simon_Stevin.27s_travels"></span>Simon Stevin's travels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Simon Stevin's travels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stevin left Bruges in 1571 apparently without a particular destination. Stevin was most likely a <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> since a <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> would likely not have risen to the position of trust he later occupied with <a href="/wiki/Maurice,_Prince_of_Orange" title="Maurice, Prince of Orange">Maurice, Prince of Orange</a>. It is assumed that he left Bruges to escape the religious persecution of Protestants by the Spanish rulers. Based on references in his work <i>"Wisconstighe Ghedaechtenissen"</i> (Mathematical Memoirs), it has been inferred that he must have moved first to Antwerp where he began his career as a merchant's <a href="/wiki/Clerk" title="Clerk">clerk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some biographers mention that he travelled to <a href="/wiki/Prussia" title="Prussia">Prussia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a> and other parts of <a href="/wiki/Northern_Europe" title="Northern Europe">Northern Europe</a>, between 1571 and 1577. It is possible that he completed these travels over a longer period of time. In 1577 Simon Stevin returned to Bruges and was appointed <a href="/wiki/Clerk" title="Clerk">city clerk</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Aldermen" class="mw-redirect" title="Aldermen">aldermen</a> of Bruges, a function he occupied from 1577 to 1581. He worked in the office of Jan de Brune of the <a href="/wiki/Brugse_Vrije" title="Brugse Vrije">Brugse Vrije</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Castellany" class="mw-redirect" title="Castellany">castellany</a> of Bruges. </p><p>Why he had returned to Bruges in 1577 is not clear. It may have been related to the political events of that period. Bruges was the scene of intense religious conflict. Catholics and Calvinists alternately controlled the government of the city. They usually opposed each other but would occasionally collaborate in order to counteract the dictates of King <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Spain" title="Philip II of Spain">Philip II of Spain</a>. In 1576 a certain level of official religious tolerance was decreed. This could explain why Stevin returned to Bruges in 1577. Later the Calvinists seized power in many Flemish cities and incarcerated Catholic clerics and secular governors supportive of the Spanish rulers. Between 1578 and 1584 Bruges was ruled by Calvinists. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Simon_Stevin_in_the_Netherlands">Simon Stevin in the Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Simon Stevin in the Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1581 Stevin again left his native Bruges and moved to <a href="/wiki/Leiden" title="Leiden">Leiden</a> where he attended the Latin school.<sup id="cite_ref-mag_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mag-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 16 February 1583 he enrolled, under the name <i>Simon Stevinus Brugensis</i> (meaning "Simon Stevin from Bruges"), at <a href="/wiki/Leiden_University" title="Leiden University">Leiden University</a>, which had been founded by <a href="/wiki/William_the_Silent" title="William the Silent">William the Silent</a> in 1575. Here he befriended William the Silent's second son and heir Prince <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau">Maurice</a>, the Count of Nassau.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevin_MacTutor_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevin_MacTutor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stevin is listed in the university's registers until 1590 and apparently never graduated. </p><p>Following William the Silent's assassination and Prince Maurice's assumption of his father's office, Stevin became the principal advisor and tutor of Prince Maurice. Prince Maurice asked his advice on many occasions, and made him a <a href="/wiki/Public_office" class="mw-redirect" title="Public office">public officer</a> – at first director of the so-called "waterstaet"<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (the government authority for <a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">public works</a>, especially water management) from 1592, and later <a href="/wiki/Quartermaster-general" class="mw-redirect" title="Quartermaster-general">quartermaster-general</a> of the army of the States-General.<sup id="cite_ref-isis_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prince Maurice also asked Stevin to found an engineering school within the University of Leiden. </p><p>Stevin moved to <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a> where he bought a house in 1612. He married in 1610 or 1614 and had four children. It is known that he left a <a href="/wiki/Widow" title="Widow">widow</a> with two children at his death in Leiden or The Hague in 1620.<sup id="cite_ref-Stevin_MacTutor_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevin_MacTutor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discoveries_and_inventions">Discoveries and inventions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Discoveries and inventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg/250px-Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg/330px-Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg/500px-Simon_Stevins_zeilwagen_voor_Prins_Maurits_1649.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5500" data-file-height="4396" /></a><figcaption>Wind chariot or <a href="/wiki/Land_yacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Land yacht">land yacht</a> (Zeilwagen) designed by Simon Stevin for <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau,_Prince_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange">Prince Maurice of Orange</a> (engraving by Jacques de Gheyn).</figcaption></figure> <p>Stevin is responsible for many discoveries and inventions. Stevin wrote numerous bestselling books, and he was a pioneer of the development and the practical application of (engineering related) science such as <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a> and applied science like <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering" title="Hydraulic engineering">hydraulic engineering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">surveying</a>. He was thought to have invented the <a href="/wiki/Decimal_fraction" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal fraction">decimal fractions</a> until the middle of the 20th century, when researchers discovered that decimal fractions had been previously introduced by the medieval Islamic scholar <a href="/wiki/Al-Uqlidisi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Uqlidisi">al-Uqlidisi</a> in a book written in 952. Moreover, a systematic development of decimal fractions was given well before Stevin in the book <i>Miftah al-Hisab</i> written in 1427 by <a href="/wiki/Al-Kashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kashi">Al-Kashi</a>. </p><p>His contemporaries were most struck by his invention of a so-called <a href="/wiki/Land_sailing" title="Land sailing">land yacht</a>, a carriage with sails, of which a model was preserved in <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a> until 1802. The carriage itself had been lost long before. Around the year 1600 Stevin, with <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau,_Prince_of_Orange" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange">Prince Maurice of Orange</a> and twenty-six others, used the carriage on the beach between <a href="/wiki/Scheveningen" title="Scheveningen">Scheveningen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Petten" title="Petten">Petten</a>. The carriage was propelled solely by the force of wind and acquired a speed which exceeded that of horses.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Management_of_waterways">Management of waterways</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Management of waterways"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stevin's work in the <i>waterstaet</i> involved improvements to the <a href="/wiki/Sluice" title="Sluice">sluices</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spillway" title="Spillway">spillways</a> to control <a href="/wiki/Flood" title="Flood">flooding</a>, exercises in <a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering" title="Hydraulic engineering">hydraulic engineering</a>. <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">Windmills</a> were already in use to pump the water out but in <i>Van de Molens</i> (<i>On mills</i>), he suggested improvements including ideas that the wheels should move slowly with a better system for meshing of the <a href="/wiki/Gear_teeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Gear teeth">gear teeth</a>. These improved threefold the efficiency of the windmills used in pumping water out of the <a href="/wiki/Polder" title="Polder">polders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He received a <a href="/wiki/Patent" title="Patent">patent</a> on his innovation in 1586.<sup id="cite_ref-isis_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isis-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophy_of_science">Philosophy of science</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Philosophy of science"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stevin's aim was to bring about a second age of <a href="/wiki/Wisdom" title="Wisdom">wisdom</a>, in which mankind would have recovered all of its earlier knowledge. He deduced that the language spoken in this age would have to be Dutch, because, as he showed <a href="/wiki/Empirical" class="mw-redirect" title="Empirical">empirically</a>, in that language, more concepts could be indicated with <a href="/wiki/Monosyllabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monosyllabic">monosyllabic</a> words than in any of the (European) languages he had compared it with.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was one of the reasons why he wrote all of his works in Dutch and left the translation of them for others to do. The other reason was that he wanted his works to be practically useful to people who had not mastered the common scientific language of the time, Latin. Thanks to Simon Stevin the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a> got its proper scientific vocabulary such as "<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/wiskunde" class="extiw" title="nl:wiskunde">wiskunde</a>" (<i>"kunst van het gewisse of zekere"</i> the art of what is known or what is certain) for <a href="/wiki/Mathematics" title="Mathematics">mathematics</a>, "<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/natuurkunde" class="extiw" title="nl:natuurkunde">natuurkunde</a>" (the "art of nature") for <a href="/wiki/Physics" title="Physics">physics</a>, "<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/scheikunde" class="extiw" title="nl:scheikunde">scheikunde</a>" (the "art of separation") for <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a>, "<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/sterrenkunde" class="extiw" title="nl:sterrenkunde">sterrenkunde</a>" (the "art of stars") for <a href="/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a>, "<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/meetkunde" class="extiw" title="nl:meetkunde">meetkunde</a>" (the "art of measuring") for <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geometry,_physics_and_trigonometry"><span id="Geometry.2C_physics_and_trigonometry"></span>Geometry, physics and trigonometry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geometry, physics and trigonometry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StevinEquilibrium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/StevinEquilibrium.svg/220px-StevinEquilibrium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/StevinEquilibrium.svg/330px-StevinEquilibrium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/StevinEquilibrium.svg/440px-StevinEquilibrium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="310" /></a><figcaption>Stevin's proof of the <a href="/wiki/Inclined_plane#History" title="Inclined plane">law of equilibrium on an inclined plane</a>, known as the "Epitaph of Stevinus".</figcaption></figure> <p>Stevin was the first to show how to model regular and semiregular <a href="/wiki/Polyhedra" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyhedra">polyhedra</a> by delineating their frames in a plane. He also distinguished stable from unstable equilibria.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stevin contributed to <a href="/wiki/Trigonometry" title="Trigonometry">trigonometry</a> with his book, <i>De Driehouckhandel</i>. </p><p>In <i>The First Book of the Elements of the Art of Weighing, The second part: Of the propositions [The Properties of Oblique Weights], Page 41, Theorem XI, Proposition XIX</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he derived the condition for the balance of forces on <a href="/wiki/Inclined_plane" title="Inclined plane">inclined planes</a> using a diagram with a "wreath" containing evenly spaced round masses resting on the planes of a triangular prism (see the illustration on the side). He concluded that the weights required were proportional to the lengths of the sides on which they rested assuming the third side was horizontal and that the effect of a weight was reduced in a similar manner. It is implicit that the reduction factor is the height of the triangle divided by the side (the <a href="/wiki/Sine#History" class="mw-redirect" title="Sine">sine</a> of the angle of the side with respect to the horizontal). The proof diagram of this concept is known as the "Epitaph of Stevinus". As noted by <a href="/wiki/E._J._Dijksterhuis" class="mw-redirect" title="E. J. Dijksterhuis">E. J. Dijksterhuis</a>, Stevin's proof of the equilibrium on an inclined plane can be faulted for using <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_motion" title="Perpetual motion">perpetual motion</a> to imply a <a href="/wiki/Reductio_ad_absurdum" title="Reductio ad absurdum">reductio ad absurdum</a>. Dijksterhuis says Stevin "intuitively made use of the principle of <a href="/wiki/Conservation_of_energy" title="Conservation of energy">conservation of energy</a> ... long before it was formulated explicitly".<sup id="cite_ref-EJD_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EJD-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 54">: 54 </span></sup> </p><p>He demonstrated the resolution of forces before <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Varignon" title="Pierre Varignon">Pierre Varignon</a>, which had not been remarked previously, even though it is a simple consequence of the law of their composition.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stevin discovered the <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_paradox" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostatic paradox">hydrostatic paradox</a>, which states that the pressure in a liquid is independent of the shape of the vessel and the area of the base, but depends solely on its height.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also gave the measure for the pressure on any given portion of the side of a vessel.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was the first to explain the <a href="/wiki/Tides" class="mw-redirect" title="Tides">tides</a> using the <a href="/wiki/Theory_of_tides" title="Theory of tides">attraction of the moon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1586, he <a href="/wiki/Delft_tower_experiment" title="Delft tower experiment">demonstrated</a> that two objects of different weight fall with the same acceleration.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_theory">Music theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Music theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Spiegheling_der_signconst.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/De_Spiegheling_der_signconst.jpg/250px-De_Spiegheling_der_signconst.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/De_Spiegheling_der_signconst.jpg/330px-De_Spiegheling_der_signconst.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/De_Spiegheling_der_signconst.jpg/500px-De_Spiegheling_der_signconst.jpg 2x" data-file-width="653" data-file-height="491" /></a><figcaption><i>Van de Spiegheling der singconst</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The first mention of equal temperament related to the <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_root_of_two" title="Twelfth root of two">twelfth root of two</a> in the West appeared in Simon Stevin's unfinished manuscript <i>Van de Spiegheling der singconst </i>(ca 1605) published posthumously three hundred years later in 1884;<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, due to insufficient accuracy of his calculation, many of the numbers (for string length) he obtained were off by one or two units from the correct values.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appears to have been inspired by the writings of the Italian <a href="/wiki/Lutenist" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutenist">lutenist</a> and musical theorist <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Galilei" title="Vincenzo Galilei">Vincenzo Galilei</a> (father of <a href="/wiki/Galileo_Galilei" title="Galileo Galilei">Galileo Galilei</a>), a onetime pupil of <a href="/wiki/Gioseffo_Zarlino" title="Gioseffo Zarlino">Gioseffo Zarlino</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bookkeeping">Bookkeeping</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bookkeeping"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Double-entry_bookkeeping" title="Double-entry bookkeeping">Double-entry bookkeeping</a> may have been known to Stevin, as he was a clerk in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> in his younger years, either practically or via the medium of the works of Italian authors such as <a href="/wiki/Luca_Pacioli" title="Luca Pacioli">Luca Pacioli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gerolamo_Cardano" title="Gerolamo Cardano">Gerolamo Cardano</a>. However, Stevin was the first to recommend the use of impersonal <a href="/wiki/Account_(accountancy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Account (accountancy)">accounts</a> in the national household. He brought it into practice for Prince Maurice, and recommended it to the French statesman <a href="/wiki/Maximilien_de_B%C3%A9thune,_duc_de_Sully" class="mw-redirect" title="Maximilien de Béthune, duc de Sully">Sully</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decimal_fractions">Decimal fractions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Decimal fractions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Stevin wrote a 35-page <a href="/wiki/Book" title="Book">booklet</a> called <i><a href="/wiki/De_Thiende" title="De Thiende">De Thiende</a></i> ("the art of tenths"), first published in Dutch in 1585 and translated into French as <i>La Disme</i>. The full title of the English translation was <i><a href="/wiki/Decimal_arithmetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal arithmetic">Decimal arithmetic</a>: Teaching how to perform all computations whatsoever by whole numbers without <a href="/wiki/Fraction_(mathematics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fraction (mathematics)">fractions</a>, by the four principles of common arithmetic: namely, <a href="/wiki/Addition" title="Addition">addition</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subtraction" title="Subtraction">subtraction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Multiplication" title="Multiplication">multiplication</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Division_(mathematics)" title="Division (mathematics)">division</a>.</i> The concepts referred to in the booklet included <a href="/wiki/Unit_fractions" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit fractions">unit fractions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_fractions" class="mw-redirect" title="Egyptian fractions">Egyptian fractions</a>. <a href="/wiki/Muslim_mathematicians" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim mathematicians">Muslim mathematicians</a> were the first to utilize <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimals</a> instead of fractions on a large scale. <a href="/wiki/Al-Kashi" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Kashi">Al-Kashi</a>'s book, <i>Key to Arithmetic</i>, was written at the beginning of the 15th century and was the stimulus for the systematic application of decimals to whole numbers and fractions thereof.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But nobody established their daily use before Stevin. He felt that this innovation was so significant, that he declared the universal introduction of decimal coinage, measures and weights to be merely a question of time.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His notation is rather unwieldy. The <a href="/wiki/Decimal_mark" class="mw-redirect" title="Decimal mark">point</a> separating the <a href="/wiki/Integer" title="Integer">integers</a> from the decimal fractions seems to be the invention of <a href="/wiki/Bartholomaeus_Pitiscus" title="Bartholomaeus Pitiscus">Bartholomaeus Pitiscus</a>, in whose <a href="/wiki/Trigonometrical_table" class="mw-redirect" title="Trigonometrical table">trigonometrical tables</a> (1612) it occurs, and it was accepted by <a href="/wiki/John_Napier" title="John Napier">John Napier</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Logarithm" title="Logarithm">logarithmic</a> papers (1614 and 1619).<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatright"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh">Number </th> <td>184.54290 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="background: #ececec; color: black; font-weight: bold; vertical-align: middle; text-align: right;" class="table-rh">Simon Stevin's notation </th> <td>184⓪5①4②2③9④0 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Stevin printed little circles around the exponents of the different powers of one-tenth. That Stevin intended these encircled numerals to denote mere exponents is clear from the fact that he employed the same symbol for powers of <a href="/wiki/Algebra" title="Algebra">algebraic</a> quantities. He did not avoid fractional exponents; only negative exponents do not appear in his work.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Stevin wrote on other scientific subjects – for instance optics, geography, astronomy – and a number of his writings were translated into Latin by W. Snellius (<a href="/wiki/Willebrord_Snell" class="mw-redirect" title="Willebrord Snell">Willebrord Snell</a>). There are two complete editions in French of his works, both printed in Leiden, one in 1608, the other in 1634.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mathematics">Mathematics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Mathematics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stevin_-_Oeuvres_mathematiques,_1634_-_4607786.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Stevin_-_Oeuvres_mathematiques%2C_1634_-_4607786.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Stevin_-_Oeuvres_mathematiques%2C_1634_-_4607786.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Stevin_-_Oeuvres_mathematiques%2C_1634_-_4607786.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Stevin_-_Oeuvres_mathematiques%2C_1634_-_4607786.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Stevin_-_Oeuvres_mathematiques%2C_1634_-_4607786.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Stevin_-_Oeuvres_mathematiques%2C_1634_-_4607786.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3496" data-file-height="5321" /></a><figcaption><i>Oeuvres mathematiques</i>, 1634</figcaption></figure> <p>Stevin wrote his <i>Arithmetic</i> in 1594. The work brought to the western world for the first time a general solution of the <a href="/wiki/Quadratic_equation" title="Quadratic equation">quadratic equation</a>, originally documented nearly a millennium previously by <a href="/wiki/Brahmagupta" title="Brahmagupta">Brahmagupta</a> in India. </p><p>According to <a href="/wiki/Bartel_Leendert_van_der_Waerden" title="Bartel Leendert van der Waerden">Van der Waerden</a>, Stevin eliminated "the classical restriction of 'numbers' to integers (Euclid) or to rational fractions (Diophantos)...the real numbers formed a continuum. His general notion of a real number was accepted, <a href="/wiki/Tacit" class="mw-redirect" title="Tacit">tacitly</a> or explicitly, by all later scientists".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A recent study attributes a greater role to Stevin in developing the <a href="/wiki/Real_number" title="Real number">real numbers</a> than has been acknowledged by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Weierstrass" title="Karl Weierstrass">Weierstrass's</a> followers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stevin proved the <a href="/wiki/Intermediate_value_theorem" title="Intermediate value theorem">intermediate value theorem</a> for polynomials, anticipating <a href="/wiki/Cauchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Cauchy">Cauchy</a>'s proof thereof. Stevin uses a <a href="/wiki/Divide_and_conquer_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="Divide and conquer algorithm">divide and conquer</a> procedure, subdividing the interval into ten equal parts.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Stevin's decimals were the inspiration for <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a>'s work on <a href="/wiki/Infinite_series" class="mw-redirect" title="Infinite series">infinite series</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neologisms">Neologisms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Neologisms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Simon_Stevin" title="Special:EditPage/Simon Stevin">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2016</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Stevin thought the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a> to be excellent for scientific writing, and he translated many of the mathematical terms to Dutch. As a result, Dutch is one of the few Western European languages that have many mathematical terms that do not stem from Greek or Latin. This includes the very name <i>wiskunde</i> (mathematics). </p><p>His eye for the importance of having the scientific language be the same as the language of the craftsman may show from the dedication of his book <i>De Thiende</i> ('The Disme' or 'The Tenth'): 'Simon Stevin wishes the stargazers, surveyors, carpet measurers, body measurers in general, coin measurers and tradespeople good luck.' Further on in the same pamphlet, he writes: "[this text] teaches us all calculations that are needed by the people without using fractions. One can reduce all operations to adding, subtracting, multiplying and dividing with integers." </p><p>Some of the words he invented evolved: 'aftrekken' (<i>subtract</i>) and 'delen' (<i>divide</i>) stayed the same, but over time 'menigvuldigen' became 'vermenigvuldigen' (<i>multiply</i>, the added 'ver' emphasizes the fact it is an action). 'Vergaderen' (<i>gathering</i>) became 'optellen' (<i>add</i> lit. <i>count up</i>). </p><p>Another example is the Dutch word for diameter: 'middellijn', lit.: line through the middle. </p><p>The word 'zomenigmaal' (<i>quotient</i> lit. 'that many times') has been replaced by 'quotiënt' in modern-day Dutch. </p><p>Other terms did not make it into modern day mathematical Dutch, like 'teerling' (<i><a href="/wiki/Dice" title="Dice">die</a></i>, although still being used in the meaning as die), instead of cube. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_door_Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Simonis_(1810-1893)_-_Simon_Stevinplein,_Brugge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_door_Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Simonis_%281810-1893%29_-_Simon_Stevinplein%2C_Brugge.jpg/143px-Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_door_Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Simonis_%281810-1893%29_-_Simon_Stevinplein%2C_Brugge.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_door_Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Simonis_%281810-1893%29_-_Simon_Stevinplein%2C_Brugge.jpg/215px-Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_door_Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Simonis_%281810-1893%29_-_Simon_Stevinplein%2C_Brugge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_door_Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Simonis_%281810-1893%29_-_Simon_Stevinplein%2C_Brugge.jpg/286px-Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_door_Louis_Eug%C3%A8ne_Simonis_%281810-1893%29_-_Simon_Stevinplein%2C_Brugge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1358" data-file-height="1208" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:127px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clootcrans.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Clootcrans.jpg/91px-Clootcrans.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Clootcrans.jpg/137px-Clootcrans.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Clootcrans.jpg/182px-Clootcrans.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2244" data-file-height="3162" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Stevin-Waterwicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Simon_Stevin-Waterwicht.jpg/120px-Simon_Stevin-Waterwicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Simon_Stevin-Waterwicht.jpg/250px-Simon_Stevin-Waterwicht.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:119px;max-width:119px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:156px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_(1884),_door_E.Simones,_SimonStevinplein,_Brugge.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_%281884%29%2C_door_E.Simones%2C_SimonStevinplein%2C_Brugge.JPG/117px-Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_%281884%29%2C_door_E.Simones%2C_SimonStevinplein%2C_Brugge.JPG" decoding="async" width="117" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_%281884%29%2C_door_E.Simones%2C_SimonStevinplein%2C_Brugge.JPG/176px-Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_%281884%29%2C_door_E.Simones%2C_SimonStevinplein%2C_Brugge.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_%281884%29%2C_door_E.Simones%2C_SimonStevinplein%2C_Brugge.JPG/234px-Standbeeld_van_Simon_Stevin_%281884%29%2C_door_E.Simones%2C_SimonStevinplein%2C_Brugge.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Statue of Simon Stevin by Eugène Simonis, on the Simon Stevinplein in Bruges.</div></div></div></div> <p>Following his life, Belgium and the city of Bruges have continued to name places, statues and other topics in honor of Stevin </p> <ul><li>In 1839, the city of Bruges and the government of West Flanders commissioned the creation of Simon Stevinplein (Simon Stevin Square) in honor of Stevin. The square features a statue of Stevin, which was made by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Simonis" title="Eugène Simonis">Eugène Simonis</a> and was officially unveiled in 1847.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statue features a scroll showcasing Stevin's proof of the <a href="/wiki/Inclined_plane#History" title="Inclined plane">law of equilibrium on an inclined plane</a>.</li> <li>On 25 May 2012, VLOOT dab, a Belgian government-ran ferry and vessel company, launched the <a href="/wiki/RV_Simon_Stevin" title="RV Simon Stevin">RV Simon Stevin</a>, a vessel created for oceanographic research off the port of Ostend, in <a href="/wiki/Southern_Bight" title="Southern Bight">Southern Bight</a> of the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>, and in the eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Research_Council" title="Dutch Research Council">Dutch Research Council</a> (NWO), established a scientific award named after Stevin in 2018, the <a href="/wiki/Stevin_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Stevin Prize">Stevin Prize</a>, which highlights contributions that bridge the gap between scientific research and practical applications that benefit society.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The study association of mechanical engineering at the <a href="/wiki/Eindhoven_University_of_Technology" title="Eindhoven University of Technology">Technische Universiteit Eindhoven</a>, W.S.V. Simon Stevin,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is named after Simon Stevin. In Stevin's memory, the association calls its bar "De Weeghconst" and owns a self-built fleet of <a href="/wiki/Land_yacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Land yacht">land yachts</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publications">Publications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moers_1604.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moers_1604.jpg/220px-Moers_1604.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moers_1604.jpg/330px-Moers_1604.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Moers_1604.jpg/440px-Moers_1604.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1014" data-file-height="628" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Moers" title="Moers">Moers</a> fortifications designed by Simon Stevin.</figcaption></figure> <p>Amongst others, he published: </p> <ul><li><i>Tafelen van Interest</i> (Tables of interest) in 1582 with <a href="/wiki/Present_value" title="Present value">present value</a> problems of <a href="/wiki/Simple_interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple interest">simple</a> and <a href="/wiki/Compound_interest" title="Compound interest">compound interest</a> and interest tables that had previously been unpublished by bankers;<sup id="cite_ref-Stevin_MacTutor_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stevin_MacTutor-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Problemata geometrica</i> in 1583;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Thiende" title="De Thiende">De Thiende</a></i> (<i>La Disme</i>, The tenth) in 1585 in which decimals were introduced in Europe;</li> <li><i>La pratique d'arithmétique</i> in 1585;</li> <li><i>L'arithmétique</i> in 1585 in which he presented a uniform treatment for solving <a href="/wiki/Algebraic_geometry" title="Algebraic geometry">algebraic equations</a>;</li> <li><i>Dialectike ofte bewysconst</i> (Dialectics, or Art of Demonstration) in 1585 at Leyden by Christoffel Plantijn. Published again in 1621 at Rotterdam by Jan van Waesberge de Jonge.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Beghinselen_Der_Weeghconst" title="De Beghinselen Der Weeghconst">De Beghinselen Der Weeghconst</a></i> in 1586, accompanied by <i>De Weeghdaet</i>;</li> <li><i>De Beghinselen des Waterwichts</i> (Principles on the weight of water) in 1586 on the subject of <a href="/wiki/Hydrostatics" title="Hydrostatics">hydrostatics</a>;</li> <li><i>Vita Politica</i>. Named <i>Burgherlick leven</i> (Civil life) in 1590;</li> <li><i>De Stercktenbouwing</i> (The construction of <a href="/wiki/Fortifications" class="mw-redirect" title="Fortifications">fortifications</a>) published in 1594;</li> <li><i>De Havenvinding</i> (<a href="/wiki/Navigation" title="Navigation">Position finding</a>) published in 1599;</li> <li><i>De Hemelloop</i> in 1608 in which he voiced support for the <a href="/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Copernican</a> theory.</li> <li>In <i>Wiskonstighe Ghedachtenissen</i> (Mathematical Memoirs, <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: <i lang="la">Hypomnemata Mathematica</i>) from 1605 to 1608. This included Simon Stevin's earlier works like <i>De Driehouckhandel</i> (<a href="/wiki/Trigonometry" title="Trigonometry">Trigonometry</a>), <i>De Meetdaet</i> (<a href="/wiki/Measurement" title="Measurement">Practice of measuring</a>), and De Deursichtighe (<a href="/wiki/Perspective_(graphical)" title="Perspective (graphical)">Perspective</a>), which he edited and published.;<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Castrametatio, dat is legermeting and Nieuwe Maniere van Stercktebou door Spilsluysen</i> (New ways of building of <a href="/wiki/Sluice" title="Sluice">sluices</a>) published in 1617;</li> <li><i>De Spiegheling der Singconst</i> (Theory of the art of singing).</li> <li>"Œuvres mathématiques..., Leiden, 1634<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-decimals-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-decimals_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Researchers later discovered that decimal fractions had already been introduced by the medieval Islamic scholar al-Uqlidisi in a book written in 952.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCohen2001" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Floris_Cohen" title="Floris Cohen">Cohen, H. Floris</a> (2001). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/grovemusic/view/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.001.0001/omo-9781561592630-e-0000045068">"Stevin, Simon"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Grove_Music_Online" class="mw-redirect" title="Grove Music Online">Grove Music Online</a></i>. Oxford: <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.45068">10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45068</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56159-263-0"><bdi>978-1-56159-263-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stevin%2C+Simon&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.article.45068&rft.isbn=978-1-56159-263-0&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=H.+Floris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fgrovemusic%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Fgmo%2F9781561592630.001.0001%2Fomo-9781561592630-e-0000045068&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:95%; color: var( --color-subtle, #555 )">(subscription, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/partners/90/">Wikilibrary</a> access, or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EJD-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EJD_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EJD_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/E._J._Dijksterhuis" class="mw-redirect" title="E. J. Dijksterhuis">E. J. Dijksterhuis</a> (1970) <i>Simon Stevin: Science in the Netherlands around 1600</i>, The Hague: <a href="/wiki/Martinus_Nijhoff_Publishers" class="mw-redirect" title="Martinus Nijhoff Publishers">Martinus Nijhoff Publishers</a>, Dutch original 1943, 's-Gravenhage</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ugent.be/~gvdbergh/files/vlaamsestam.html">(nl) G. Van de Bergh Het tijdschrift <i>De Vlaamse Stam</i>, jaargang 34, pp. 323–328</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://users.ugent.be/~gvdbergh/files/vlaamsestam_fn.html#fn0">(nl) Bibliography to the Van Den Bergh article in <i>De Vlaamse Stam'</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stevin_MacTutor-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stevin_MacTutor_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevin_MacTutor_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevin_MacTutor_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stevin_MacTutor_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson2004" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a> (January 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Stevin.html">"Simon Stevin"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Simon+Stevin&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.date=2004-01&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FStevin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mag-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mag_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mag_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">The Wonderful World of Simon Stevin: 'Magic is No Magic', J. T. Devreese, G. Vanden Berghe, WIT Press, 1st ed., 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dijksterhuis E.J. (ed.), The Principal Works of Simon Stevin, vol I, Mechanics (N.V. Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam 1955)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Stevinus,_Simon" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Stevinus, Simon">Stevinus, Simon</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Stevinus%2C+Simon&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isis-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-isis_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-isis_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSarton,_George1934" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Sarton" title="George Sarton">Sarton, George</a> (1934). "Simon Stevin of Bruges (1548–1620)". <i><a href="/wiki/Isis_(journal)" title="Isis (journal)">Isis</a></i>. <b>21</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">241–</span>303. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F346851">10.1086/346851</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144054163">144054163</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Isis&rft.atitle=Simon+Stevin+of+Bruges+%281548%E2%80%931620%29&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E241-%3C%2Fspan%3E303&rft.date=1934&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F346851&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144054163%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Sarton%2C+George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Story of Science: Power, Proof & Passion – EP4: Can We Have Unlimited Power?</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/pub/bronnen/Simon_Stevin-%5BI%5D_The_Principal_Works_of_Simon_Stevin,_Mechanics.pdf">The Principal Works of Simon Stevin</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Appendix to <a href="/wiki/De_Beghinselen_Der_Weeghconst" title="De Beghinselen Der Weeghconst">De Beghinselen Der Weeghconst</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchilling2017" class="citation book cs1">Schilling, Govert (31 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YicuDwAAQBAJ&q=delft+tower+experiment&pg=PA26"><i>Ripples in Spacetime: Einstein, Gravitational Waves, and the Future of Astronomy</i></a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674971660" title="Special:BookSources/9780674971660"><bdi>9780674971660</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ripples+in+Spacetime%3A+Einstein%2C+Gravitational+Waves%2C+and+the+Future+of+Astronomy&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2017-07-31&rft.isbn=9780674971660&rft.aulast=Schilling&rft.aufirst=Govert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYicuDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Ddelft%2Btower%2Bexperiment%26pg%3DPA26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110717015203/http://diapason.xentonic.org/ttl/ttl21.html">"Van de spiegheling der singconst"</a>. Diapason.xentonic.org. 30 June 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://diapason.xentonic.org/ttl/ttl21.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Van+de+spiegheling+der+singconst&rft.pub=Diapason.xentonic.org&rft.date=2009-06-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdiapason.xentonic.org%2Fttl%2Fttl21.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christensen, Thomas S. (2006). <i>The Cambridge History of Western Music Theory</i>, p.205, Cambridge University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781316025482" title="Special:BookSources/9781316025482">9781316025482</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Volmer, Frans. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egrove.olemiss.edu/acct_corp/168">"Stevin, Simon (1548–1620)."</a> In <i>History of Accounting: An International Encyclopedia,</i> edited by Michael Chatfield and Richard Vangermeesch. New York: Garland Publishing, 1996, pp. 565–566.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorRobertson2009" class="citation cs2">O'Connor, John J.; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_F._Robertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Edmund F. Robertson">Robertson, Edmund F.</a> (July 2009), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Al-Kashi.html">"Al-Kashi"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/MacTutor_History_of_Mathematics_Archive" title="MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive">MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/University_of_St_Andrews" title="University of St Andrews">University of St Andrews</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al-Kashi&rft.btitle=MacTutor+History+of+Mathematics+Archive&rft.pub=University+of+St+Andrews&rft.date=2009-07&rft.aulast=O%27Connor&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Robertson%2C+Edmund+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FAl-Kashi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFlegg2002" class="citation book cs1">Flegg, Graham (2002). <i>Numbers: Their History and Meaning</i>. <a href="/wiki/Dover_Publications" title="Dover Publications">Dover Publications</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">75–</span>76. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780486421650" title="Special:BookSources/9780486421650"><bdi>9780486421650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Numbers%3A+Their+History+and+Meaning&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E75-%3C%2Fspan%3E76&rft.pub=Dover+Publications&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780486421650&rft.aulast=Flegg&rft.aufirst=Graham&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTabak2004" class="citation book cs1">Tabak, John (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/numbers00john/page/41"><i>Numbers: Computers, philosophers, and the search for meaning</i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Facts_on_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Facts on File">Facts on File</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/numbers00john/page/41">41–42</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-4955-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-4955-6"><bdi>0-8160-4955-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Numbers%3A+Computers%2C+philosophers%2C+and+the+search+for+meaning&rft.pages=41-42&rft.pub=Facts+on+File&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8160-4955-6&rft.aulast=Tabak&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnumbers00john%2Fpage%2F41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_der_Waerden1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bartel_van_der_Waerden" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartel van der Waerden">van der Waerden, B. L.</a> (1985). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofalgebra0000waer"><i>A History of Algebra. From al-Khwarizmi to Emmy Noether</i></a></span>. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofalgebra0000waer/page/69">69</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-540-13610-X" title="Special:BookSources/3-540-13610-X"><bdi>3-540-13610-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Algebra.+From+al-Khwarizmi+to+Emmy+Noether&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=69&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=3-540-13610-X&rft.aulast=van+der+Waerden&rft.aufirst=B.+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofalgebra0000waer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Karin Usadi Katz and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Katz" title="Mikhail Katz">Mikhail G. Katz</a> (2011) A Burgessian Critique of Nominalistic Tendencies in Contemporary Mathematics and its Historiography. <a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Science" title="Foundations of Science">Foundations of Science</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10699-011-9223-1">10.1007/s10699-011-9223-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Karin Usadi Katz and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Katz" title="Mikhail Katz">Mikhail G. Katz</a> (2011) Stevin Numbers and Reality. <a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Science" title="Foundations of Science">Foundations of Science</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10699-011-9228-9">10.1007/s10699-011-9228-9</a> Online First. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10699-011-9228-9">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBłaszczykKatzSherry2012" class="citation cs2">Błaszczyk, Piotr; <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Katz" title="Mikhail Katz">Katz, Mikhail</a>; Sherry, David (2012), "Ten misconceptions from the history of analysis and their debunking", <i><a href="/wiki/Foundations_of_Science" title="Foundations of Science">Foundations of Science</a></i>, <b>18</b>: <span class="nowrap">43–</span>74, <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1202.4153">1202.4153</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10699-012-9285-8">10.1007/s10699-012-9285-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:119134151">119134151</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foundations+of+Science&rft.atitle=Ten+misconceptions+from+the+history+of+analysis+and+their+debunking&rft.volume=18&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E43-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1202.4153&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A119134151%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10699-012-9285-8&rft.aulast=B%C5%82aszczyk&rft.aufirst=Piotr&rft.au=Katz%2C+Mikhail&rft.au=Sherry%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpsmycity.com/attractions/the-statue-of-simon-stevin-32703.html">"The Statue of Simon Stevin in Brugge, Belgium"</a>. <i>GPSmyCity</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GPSmyCity&rft.atitle=The+Statue+of+Simon+Stevin+in+Brugge%2C+Belgium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpsmycity.com%2Fattractions%2Fthe-statue-of-simon-stevin-32703.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vliz.be/en/rv-simon-stevin-strengthens-marine-science-clout">"RV Simon Stevin strengthens marine science clout | Vlaams Instituut voor de Zee"</a>. <i>www.vliz.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vliz.be&rft.atitle=RV+Simon+Stevin+strengthens+marine+science+clout+%7C+Vlaams+Instituut+voor+de+Zee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vliz.be%2Fen%2Frv-simon-stevin-strengthens-marine-science-clout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwo.nl/en/nwo-stevin-prize">"NWO Stevin Prize"</a>. <i>NWO</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NWO&rft.atitle=NWO+Stevin+Prize&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwo.nl%2Fen%2Fnwo-stevin-prize&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.simonstevin.tue.nl">simonstevin.tue.nl</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The topic contained in <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Stevin.html">http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Stevin.html</a>, the relevant portion could be searched with string, "Wiskonstighe Ghedachtenissen". The summary of it may be found at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/pub/bronnen/Simon_Stevin-%5BII_B%5D_The_Principal_Works_of_Simon_Stevin,_Mathematics.pdf">the link</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://architectura.cesr.univ-tours.fr/Traite/Notice/B250566101_11463.asp?param="> Stevin, Simon, Les œuvres mathématiques...</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Virtually all of Stevin's writings have been published in five volumes with introduction and analysis in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrone_et_al.,_eds.1955–1966" class="citation book cs1">Crone, Ernst; <a href="/wiki/E._J._Dijksterhuis" class="mw-redirect" title="E. J. Dijksterhuis">Dijksterhuis, E. J.</a>; Forbes, R. J.; et al., eds. (1955–1966). <i>The Principal Works of Simon Stevin</i>. Lisse: Swets & Zeitlinger.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Principal+Works+of+Simon+Stevin&rft.place=Lisse&rft.pub=Swets+%26+Zeitlinger&rft.date=1955%2F1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span> The Principal Works are available online at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/?s=he+Principal+Works+of+Simon+Stevin">The Digital Library of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>. Does not include <i>Dialectike ofte Bewysconst</i>.</li> <li>Another good source about Stevin is the French-language bundle: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBibliothèque_royale_de_Belgique2004" class="citation book cs1">Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, ed. (2004). <i>Simon Stevin (1548–1620): L'émergence de la nouvelle science</i>. Turnhout: Brepols.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Simon+Stevin+%281548%E2%80%931620%29%3A+L%27%C3%A9mergence+de+la+nouvelle+science&rft.place=Turnhout&rft.pub=Brepols&rft.date=2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li>A recent work on Simon Stevin in Dutch is: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDevreese,_J._T._en_Vanden_Berghe,_G.2003" class="citation book cs1">Devreese, J. T. en Vanden Berghe, G. (2003). <i>Wonder en is gheen wonder. De geniale wereld van Simon Stevin 1548–1620</i>. Leuven: Davidsfonds.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wonder+en+is+gheen+wonder.+De+geniale+wereld+van+Simon+Stevin+1548%E2%80%931620&rft.place=Leuven&rft.pub=Davidsfonds&rft.date=2003&rft.au=Devreese%2C+J.+T.+en+Vanden+Berghe%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span>.</li> <li>A recent work on Simon Stevin in English is: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDevreese,_J._T._en_Vanden_Berghe,_G.2007" class="citation book cs1">Devreese, J. T. en Vanden Berghe, G. (2007). <i>Magic is no magic. The wonderful World of Simon Stevin 1548–1620</i>. Southampton: WITpress.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Magic+is+no+magic.+The+wonderful+World+of+Simon+Stevin+1548%E2%80%931620&rft.place=Southampton&rft.pub=WITpress&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Devreese%2C+J.+T.+en+Vanden+Berghe%2C+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_den_Heuvel2005" class="citation book cs1">van den Heuvel, C. (2005). <i>De Huysbou. A reconstruction of an unfinished treatise on architecture, and civil engineering by Simon Stevin</i>. Amsterdam: KNAW Edita.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=De+Huysbou.+A+reconstruction+of+an+unfinished+treatise+on+architecture%2C+and+civil+engineering+by+Simon+Stevin&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pub=KNAW+Edita&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=van+den+Heuvel&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span> 545 pp – The work is available on line – see external links</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFvan_Bunge2001" class="citation book cs1">van Bunge, Wiep (2001). <i>From Stevin to Spinoza: An Essay on Philosophy in the Seventeenth-Century Dutch Republic</i>. Leiden: Brill.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Stevin+to+Spinoza%3A+An+Essay+on+Philosophy+in+the+Seventeenth-Century+Dutch+Republic&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=van+Bunge&rft.aufirst=Wiep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Simon Stevin"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Simon_Stevin">"Simon Stevin" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Simon+Stevin&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASimon+Stevin" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adcs.home.xs4all.nl/stevin/index-en.html">Wonder, not miracle motto of Simon Stevin</a> : English page about Simon Stevin maintained by Ad Davidse Cathie Schrier with links to some of his work</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://3quarksdaily.blogs.com/3quarksdaily/2005/05/monday_musing_s.html">3 Quarks Daily</a> is a short essay on Simon Stevin by S. Abbas Raza at <i><a href="/wiki/3_Quarks_Daily" title="3 Quarks Daily">3 Quarks Daily</a></i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051103230856/http://www.simonstevin.be/">Simonstevin.be</a> is an Internet bibliography regarding Simon Stevin.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070715043316/http://mathdl.maa.org/convergence/1/?pa=content&sa=viewDocument&nodeId=1034&bodyId=1228">Loci: Convergence</a> treats Stevin's use of the rule of false position.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mathpages.com/home/kmath548/kmath548.htm">MathPages </a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090718140915/http://www.knaw.nl/publicaties/pdf/961083.pdf">KNAW.nl</a> link to unpublished treatise of Simon Stevin on architecture, town planning and civil engineering – C. van den Heuvel. De Huysbou.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/11875372X">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n86103451">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119941019">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119941019">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00654277">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Stevin, Simon <1548-1620>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/027442276">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rism.online/people/51015105">RISM</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&oldid=1277669644">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simon_Stevin&oldid=1277669644</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1540s_births" title="Category:1540s 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