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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Usage by country</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Usage_by_country-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Usage by country subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Usage_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Canada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Canada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Canada</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Canada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Ireland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Netherlands" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Netherlands"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Netherlands</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Netherlands-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-England,_Northern_Ireland_and_Wales" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#England,_Northern_Ireland_and_Wales"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1</span> <span>England, Northern Ireland and Wales</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-England,_Northern_Ireland_and_Wales-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Honorary_aldermen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_aldermen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6.1.1</span> <span>Honorary aldermen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_aldermen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_of_London" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" 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href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldermand" title="Oldermand – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Oldermand" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldermann" title="Oldermann – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Oldermann" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderman_(droit_anglo-saxon)" title="Alderman (droit anglo-saxon) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Alderman (droit anglo-saxon)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A3_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%B4" title="Ավագ անդամ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ավագ անդամ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamong_desa" title="Pamong desa – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pamong desa" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldermanno" title="Aldermanno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aldermanno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oldermann" title="Oldermann – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Oldermann" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Олдермен – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Олдермен" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Alderman" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alderman" title="Alderman – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Alderman" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84%D8%AF%DB%8E%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="ئەلدێرمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئەلدێرمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oltermanni" title="Oltermanni – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Oltermanni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a member of an assembly or of a council. For people with the surname, see <a href="/wiki/Alderman_(surname)" title="Alderman (surname)">Alderman (surname)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Alderman_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Alderman (disambiguation)">Alderman (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p> An <b>alderman</b> is a member of a <a href="/wiki/Municipal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government">municipal</a> assembly or council in many <a href="/wiki/Jurisdiction" title="Jurisdiction">jurisdictions</a> founded upon <a href="/wiki/English_law" title="English law">English law</a> with similar officials existing in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wethouder" class="mw-redirect" title="Wethouder">wethouder</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Schepen" title="Schepen">schepen</a>). The term may be titular, denoting a high-ranking member of a <a href="/wiki/Borough" title="Borough">borough</a> or <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">county council</a>, a council member chosen by the elected members themselves rather than by <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popular vote</a>, or a council member elected by voters.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> title of <i><a href="/wiki/Ealdorman" title="Ealdorman">ealdorman</a></i>, which literally means "elder person", and which was used by the chief nobles presiding over <a href="/wiki/Shire" title="Shire">shires</a>. Similar titles exist in other Germanic languages, such as <i><span title="Swedish-language text"><i lang="sv">ålderman</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/Swedish_language" title="Swedish language">Swedish</a>, <i><span title="Norwegian-language text"><i lang="no">oldermann</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_language" title="Norwegian language">Norwegian</a>, <i><span title="Danish-language text"><i lang="da">rådmand</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/Danish_language" title="Danish language">Danish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Low_German" title="Low German">Low German</a>, <i><span title="West Frisian-language text"><i lang="fy">Olderman</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/West_Frisian_language" title="West Frisian language">West Frisian</a>, <i><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">ouderman</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>, and <i><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Ältermann</i></span></i> in <a href="/wiki/German_language" title="German language">German</a>. <a href="/wiki/Finnish_language" title="Finnish language">Finnish</a> also has <i><span title="Finnish-language text"><i lang="fi">oltermanni</i></span></i>, which was borrowed from Swedish. All of these words mean "elder person" or "wise man". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage_by_country">Usage by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Usage by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia">Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many local government bodies used the term "alderman" in Australia. As in the way local councils have been modernised in the United Kingdom and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>, the term alderman has been discontinued in a number of places. For example, in the state of <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a> before 1994, rural "shires" elected "councillors" and a "chairman", while "cities" elected a "mayor" and "aldermen". Since 1994, all local and regional government areas in Queensland elect a "mayor" and "councillors". (Australian capital cities usually have a <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor">Lord Mayor</a>). An example of the use of the term alderman is evident in the City of <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aldermen were elected from the electors in all the <a href="/wiki/Ward_(electoral_subdivision)" title="Ward (electoral subdivision)">wards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historically, in <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, the term "alderman" was used for those persons elected to a municipal council to represent the wards. As women were increasingly elected to municipal office, the term "<a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">councillor</a>" slowly replaced "alderman", although there was some use of the term "alderperson". Today, the title of "alderman" is rarely used except in some cities in <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, as well as some smaller municipalities elsewhere in the country, that retain the title for historical reasons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ireland">Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title "alderman" was abolished for <a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Local government in the Republic of Ireland">local authorities in the Republic of Ireland</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_2001" title="Local Government Act 2001">Local Government Act 2001</a>, with effect from the <a href="/wiki/2004_Irish_local_elections" title="2004 Irish local elections">2004 local elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CallananKeogan2003_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CallananKeogan2003-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Early usage of the term mirrored <a href="#England,_Northern_Ireland_and_Wales">that of England and Wales</a>. Local elections since the Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919 have used the <a href="/wiki/Single_transferable_vote" title="Single transferable vote">single transferable vote</a> in multiple-member electoral areas.<sup id="cite_ref-DeignanHistoryIreland_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeignanHistoryIreland-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In each electoral area of a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Irish_local_government_areas_1898%E2%80%931921" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Irish local government areas 1898–1921">borough or county borough</a>, the first several candidates elected were styled "alderman" and the rest "councillor".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Someone co-opted to fill a seat vacated by an alderman would be styled "councillor".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Netherlands">Netherlands</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Netherlands"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the Netherlands, an alderman (Dutch: <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">wethouder</i></span>) is part of the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_executive" title="Municipal executive">municipal executive</a> and not of the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council_(Netherlands)" title="Municipal council (Netherlands)">municipal council</a>, which controls the aldermen's actions in office. The alderman is comparable to the office of <a href="/wiki/Minister_(government)" title="Minister (government)">minister</a> at the national level. However, the alderman can not propose bills to the council. The alderman can be forced to resign by a <a href="/wiki/Vote_of_no-confidence" class="mw-redirect" title="Vote of no-confidence">vote of no confidence</a> by the council. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: South Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In South Africa, the term alderman refers to senior members of <a href="/wiki/Municipal_council" title="Municipal council">municipal councils</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are distinguished from ordinary councillors for their "long and distinguished service as a councillor".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The title may be awarded on the basis of a long term of service (commonly 20 years), or a combination of term of service along with leadership positions held within the council.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In some councils the title is automatically conferred on the <a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a> regardless of their term of service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="England,_Northern_Ireland_and_Wales"><span id="England.2C_Northern_Ireland_and_Wales"></span>England, Northern Ireland and Wales</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: England, Northern Ireland and Wales"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although the term originated in England, it had no single definition there until the 19th century, as each municipal corporation had its own constitution. It was used in England, <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a>/<a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> (all of Ireland being part of the United Kingdom from January 1801 until December 1922), but was not used in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Reform_Act_1835" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Reform Act 1835">Municipal Reform Act 1835</a>, <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">municipal borough</a> corporations consisted of <a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">councillors</a> and aldermen. Aldermen would be elected not by the electorate, but by the council (including the outgoing aldermen), for a term of six years, which allowed a party that narrowly lost an election to retain control by choosing aldermen. This was changed by the Municipal Corporations Amendment Act 1910, so that outgoing aldermen were no longer allowed to vote.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/County_council" title="County council">County councils</a>, created in Great Britain in 1889 and in Ireland in 1899, also elected aldermen, but <a href="/wiki/Rural_district" title="Rural district">rural district</a> and <a href="/wiki/Urban_district_(England_and_Wales)" title="Urban district (England and Wales)">urban district councils</a> did not. The <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a> finally abolished Aldermen with voting rights, with effect from 1974, except in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_London_Council" title="Greater London Council">Greater London Council</a> and the <a href="/wiki/London_borough_councils" class="mw-redirect" title="London borough councils">London borough councils</a>, where they remained a possibility until 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Honorary_aldermen">Honorary aldermen</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Honorary aldermen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Councils in England, Wales, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> still have the power to create honorary aldermen and alderwomen, as a reward for their services as a councillor, but must do so at a special meeting, and in each case the granting of the title needs to be approved by two-thirds of those attending.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This power is little used in England and Wales, but is used more often in Northern Ireland, where councils may also designate up to a quarter of their elected councillors as aldermen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="City_of_London">City of London</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: City of London"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Aldermen" title="Court of Aldermen">Court of Aldermen</a></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/City_of_London" title="City of London">City of London</a>, but not elsewhere in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, aldermen are still elected for each of the <a href="/wiki/Wards_of_the_City_of_London" title="Wards of the City of London">wards of the City</a> by the regular electorate. To be a candidate to be <a href="/wiki/Lord_Mayor_of_the_City_of_London" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Mayor of the City of London">Lord Mayor of the City of London</a>, it is necessary to be an alderman and to have been a <a href="/wiki/Sheriff_of_the_City_of_London" title="Sheriff of the City of London">sheriff of the City of London</a>. </p><p>The title "Alderman" is used for both men and women and may be prefixed to a person's name (e.g., Alderman John Smith, Alderman Smith, or for women; Alderman Mrs (or Miss) Smith). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Scotland">Scotland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Scotland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a>, the office of "<a href="/wiki/Baillie" class="mw-redirect" title="Baillie">baillie</a>" bore some similarities to that of alderman in England and Wales. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Depending on the jurisdiction, an alderman could have been part of the legislative or judicial local government. </p><p>A "board of aldermen" is the governing executive or legislative body of many cities and towns in the United States. Boards of aldermen are used in many rural areas of the United States as opposed to a larger <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> or <a href="/wiki/City_commission" class="mw-redirect" title="City commission">city commission</a>; its members are typically called "alderman". The term is sometimes used instead of <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a>, but it can also refer to an executive board independent of the council, or to what is essentially an upper house of a <a href="/wiki/Bicameral_legislature" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicameral legislature">bicameral legislature</a> (as it was in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> until the 20th century). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, the Illinois Municipal Code allows for the formation and existence of an aldermanic-city form of municipal government. As an example, in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_City_Council" title="Chicago City Council">Chicago City Council</a> is composed of fifty aldermen<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (not councilors). As of 2021, Chicago aldermen are legally referred to by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Illinois" title="Government of Illinois">State of Illinois</a> as alderpersons, though the terms alderman and aldermanic remain in common use.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some cities such as, <a href="/wiki/Ithaca,_New_York" title="Ithaca, New York">Ithaca, New York</a> identify aldermen as 'alderpersons'. Others, including <a href="/wiki/New_Haven,_Connecticut" title="New Haven, Connecticut">New Haven, Connecticut</a>, use the term "alders".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically the term could also refer to local municipal judges in small legal proceedings (as in <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a>). Pennsylvania's aldermen were phased out in the early 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/alderman" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/alderman">alderman</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Canada" title="Local government in Canada">Local government in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local government in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal government">Municipal government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Councillor" title="Councillor">Councillor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selectman" class="mw-redirect" title="Selectman">Selectman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alderman" title="John Alderman">John Alderman</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alderman&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alderman">"Alderman"</a>. <i>Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2010</i>. 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100221213127/http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/alderman">Archived</a> from the original on 21 February 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster+Online+Dictionary.+2010.&rft.atitle=Alderman&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Falderman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310051226/http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/adelaide/council/misc.htm">"Adelaide – City Council, Town Hall and Allied Matters"</a>. Slsa.sa.gov.au. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/adelaide/council/misc.htm">the original</a> on 10 March 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Adelaide+%E2%80%93+City+Council%2C+Town+Hall+and+Allied+Matters&rft.pub=Slsa.sa.gov.au&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.slsa.sa.gov.au%2Fmanning%2Fadelaide%2Fcouncil%2Fmisc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523170447/http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/adccwr/_assets/main/lib60051/representation%20review%20-%20public%20consultation%20-%20harrison%20market%20research%20consultants%20report%20-%20final%20-%20volume%202.pdf">"Microsoft Word - 7540 ACC Rep Review Stage 1 Consultants Report FINAL - Volume 2.doc"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adelaidecitycouncil.com/adccwr/_assets/main/lib60051/representation%20review%20-%20public%20consultation%20-%20harrison%20market%20research%20consultants%20report%20-%20final%20-%20volume%202.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 23 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Microsoft+Word+-+7540+ACC+Rep+Review+Stage+1+Consultants+Report+FINAL+-+Volume+2.doc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adelaidecitycouncil.com%2Fadccwr%2F_assets%2Fmain%2Flib60051%2Frepresentation%2520review%2520-%2520public%2520consultation%2520-%2520harrison%2520market%2520research%2520consultants%2520report%2520-%2520final%2520-%2520volume%25202.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CallananKeogan2003-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CallananKeogan2003_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO'Sullivan2003" class="citation book cs1">O'Sullivan, Terry (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P6OdT7MIflgC&pg=PA49">"Local Areas and Structures"</a>. In Callanan, Mark; Keogan, Justin F. (eds.). <i>Local Government in Ireland: Inside Out</i>. Institute of Public Administration. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781902448930" title="Special:BookSources/9781902448930"><bdi>9781902448930</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Local+Areas+and+Structures&rft.btitle=Local+Government+in+Ireland%3A+Inside+Out&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Institute+of+Public+Administration&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781902448930&rft.aulast=O%27Sullivan&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP6OdT7MIflgC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DeignanHistoryIreland-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DeignanHistoryIreland_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeignan2009" class="citation journal cs1">Deignan, Patrick (May–June 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historyireland.com/20th-century-contemporary-history/pr-the-sligo-borough-election-of-1919/">"PR & the Sligo borough election of 1919"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i>. <b>17</b> (3)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=PR+%26+the+Sligo+borough+election+of+1919&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=3&rft.date=2009-05%2F2009-06&rft.aulast=Deignan&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2F20th-century-contemporary-history%2Fpr-the-sligo-borough-election-of-1919%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180126012555/http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/local_elections/local_elections.html">"Local Elections in Ireland"</a>. Ireland: Citizens Information Board. 23 January 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/local_elections/local_elections.html">the original</a> on 26 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>. <q>The electoral system is based on proportional representation with single transferable vote.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+Elections+in+Ireland&rft.place=Ireland&rft.pub=Citizens+Information+Board&rft.date=2014-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citizensinformation.ie%2Fen%2Fgovernment_in_ireland%2Felections_and_referenda%2Flocal_elections%2Flocal_elections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Originally <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Local_Government_(Ireland)_Act,_1919#Triennial_election_of_aldermen_and_councillors_in_boroughs.">"Local Government (Ireland) Act 1919"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a></i>. 3 June 1919. Section 4 (2)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wikisource&rft.atitle=Local+Government+%28Ireland%29+Act+1919&rft.pages=Section+4+%282%29&rft.date=1919-06-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikisource.org%2Fwiki%2FLocal_Government_%28Ireland%29_Act%2C_1919%23Triennial_election_of_aldermen_and_councillors_in_boroughs.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li>Replaced by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1963/act/19/enacted/en/print#sec82">"Electoral Act 1963"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a></i>. Sections 82(2)(xvi) and 87<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Electoral+Act+1963&rft.pages=Sections+82%282%29%28xvi%29+and+87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1963%2Fact%2F19%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Fprint%23sec82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1965/si/128/made/en/print#article77">"S.I. No. 128/1965 – Local Elections Regulations, 1965"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a></i>. Article 77<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=S.I.+No.+128%2F1965+%E2%80%93+Local+Elections+Regulations%2C+1965.&rft.pages=Article+77&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1965%2Fsi%2F128%2Fmade%2Fen%2Fprint%23article77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Continued by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1991/act/11/section/12/enacted/en/html">"Local Government Act 1991, Section 12"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1991%2C+Section+12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1991%2Fact%2F11%2Fsection%2F12%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Replaced by <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1994/act/8/section/24/enacted/en/html">"Local Government Act 1994, Section 24"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act+1994%2C+Section+24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1994%2Fact%2F8%2Fsection%2F24%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span> and <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1995/si/297/made/en/print#article125">"Local Elections Regulations 1995"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a></i>. Article 125<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Local+Elections+Regulations+1995&rft.pages=Article+125&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1995%2Fsi%2F297%2Fmade%2Fen%2Fprint%23article125&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1941/act/23/section/42/enacted/en/html">"Local Government Act, 1941, Section 42"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Irish_Statute_Book" title="Irish Statute Book">Irish Statute Book</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Irish+Statute+Book&rft.atitle=Local+Government+Act%2C+1941%2C+Section+42&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishstatutebook.ie%2Feli%2F1941%2Fact%2F23%2Fsection%2F42%2Fenacted%2Fen%2Fhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027221726/http://westcoastdm.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/confernment_of_aldermanship.pdf">"Policy: Conferment of Aldermanship on Councillors of the West Coast District Municipality. West Coast District Municipality"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://westcoastdm.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/confernment_of_aldermanship.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 27 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Policy%3A+Conferment+of+Aldermanship+on+Councillors+of+the+West+Coast+District+Municipality.+West+Coast+District+Municipality.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwestcoastdm.co.za%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F11%2Fconfernment_of_aldermanship.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sedibeng.gov.za/a_keydocs/20100914_honours_policy.pdf">Policy Relating to the Conferment of Civic Honours</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sedibeng_District_Municipality" title="Sedibeng District Municipality">Sedibeng District Municipality</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iol.co.za/bolander/news/councillor-made-alderman-5238998">"Councillor made alderman | IOL"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+City+Government+%26+the+Chicago+City+Council&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicityclerk.com%2Fcity-council-news-central%2Fcouncil-agenda&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ilga.gov/legislation/billstatus.asp?DocNum=0825&GAID=16&GA=102&DocTypeID=SB&LegID=133452&SessionID=110&SpecSess=">"Illinois General Assembly - Bill Status for SB0825"</a>. <i>www.ilga.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ilga.gov&rft.atitle=Illinois+General+Assembly+-+Bill+Status+for+SB0825&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilga.gov%2Flegislation%2Fbillstatus.asp%3FDocNum%3D0825%26GAID%3D16%26GA%3D102%26DocTypeID%3DSB%26LegID%3D133452%26SessionID%3D110%26SpecSess%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.wttw.com/2021/06/01/goodbye-alderman-hello-alderperson">"Goodbye, Alderman. Hello, Alderperson"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Goodbye%2C+Alderman.+Hello%2C+Alderperson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.wttw.com%2F2021%2F06%2F01%2Fgoodbye-alderman-hello-alderperson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blockclubchicago.org/2021/06/17/state-adopts-alderperson-to-describe-chicago-city-council-members-but-some-alderpeople-arent-thrilled/">"State Adopts 'Alderperson' To Describe Chicago City Council Members — But Some Alderpeople Aren't Thrilled"</a>. 18 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State+Adopts+%27Alderperson%27+To+Describe+Chicago+City+Council+Members+%E2%80%94+But+Some+Alderpeople+Aren%27t+Thrilled&rft.date=2021-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblockclubchicago.org%2F2021%2F06%2F17%2Fstate-adopts-alderperson-to-describe-chicago-city-council-members-but-some-alderpeople-arent-thrilled%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newhavenct.gov/gov/depts/alders/default.htm">"Board of Alders"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Board+of+Alders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newhavenct.gov%2Fgov%2Fdepts%2Falders%2Fdefault.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPotter" class="citation web cs1">Potter, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516225820/http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A20837">"Have Pittsburgh city councilors ever been called "aldermen"? I used to see "alderman" signs on an old building"</a>. Pittsburghcitypaper.ws. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid%3A20837">the original</a> on 16 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Have+Pittsburgh+city+councilors+ever+been+called+%22aldermen%22%3F+I+used+to+see+%22alderman%22+signs+on+an+old+building.&rft.pub=Pittsburghcitypaper.ws&rft.aulast=Potter&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittsburghcitypaper.ws%2Fgyrobase%2FContent%3Foid%3Doid%253A20837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlderman" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://auth.wikimedia.org/loginwiki/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alderman&oldid=1267591474">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alderman&oldid=1267591474</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_occupations" title="Category:Government occupations">Government occupations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Category:Local government in the United Kingdom">Local government in the United Kingdom</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Local government in the United States">Local government in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Titles" title="Category:Titles">Titles</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2020">Use dmy dates from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Swedish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Swedish-language text">Articles containing Swedish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Norwegian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Norwegian-language text">Articles containing Norwegian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Danish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Danish-language text">Articles containing Danish-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_West_Frisian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing West Frisian-language text">Articles containing West Frisian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing German-language text">Articles containing German-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Finnish-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Finnish-language text">Articles containing Finnish-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 5 January 2025, at 20:22<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>15 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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