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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ديفيد أتشيسون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديفيد أتشيسون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="دیوید رایس اچیسون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دیوید رایس اچیسون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A7%DA%86%DB%8C%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="دیوید رایس اچیسون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیوید رایس اچیسون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%99%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%93_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%90%D7%98%D7%A6%27%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%9F" title="דייוויד רייס אטצ'יסון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דייוויד רייס אטצ'יסון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86" title="ديفيد اتشيسون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ديفيد اتشيسون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%83%E3%83%81%E3%82%BD%E3%83%B3" title="デイヴィッド・ライス・アッチソン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="デイヴィッド・ライス・アッチソン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Atchison" title="David Atchison – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="David Atchison" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD,_%D0%94%D1%8D%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81" title="Атчисон, Дэвид Райс – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Атчисон, Дэвид Райс" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Rice_Atchison" title="David Rice Atchison – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="David Rice Atchison" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E7%BB%B4%C2%B7%E8%B5%96%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E8%89%BE%E5%A5%87%E9%80%8A" title="戴维·赖斯·艾奇逊 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="戴维·赖斯·艾奇逊" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American politician (1807–1886)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"President for One Day" and "President for a Day" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/President_for_One_Day_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="President for One Day (disambiguation)">President for One Day (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">David Rice Atchison</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Rice_Atchison_by_Mathew_Brady_March_1849.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/David_Rice_Atchison_by_Mathew_Brady_March_1849.jpg/220px-David_Rice_Atchison_by_Mathew_Brady_March_1849.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="299" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/David_Rice_Atchison_by_Mathew_Brady_March_1849.jpg/330px-David_Rice_Atchison_by_Mathew_Brady_March_1849.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/David_Rice_Atchison_by_Mathew_Brady_March_1849.jpg/440px-David_Rice_Atchison_by_Mathew_Brady_March_1849.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1129" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 20, 1852 – December 4, 1854</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 8, 1846 – December 2, 1849</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Ambrose Hundley Sevier</a> (acting)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a><br />from <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 14, 1843 – March 3, 1855</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Linn" title="Lewis F. Linn">Lewis F. Linn</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_S._Green" title="James S. Green">James S. Green</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the<br /><a href="/wiki/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">Missouri House of Representatives</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1834–1841</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1807-08-11</span>)</span>August 11, 1807<br /><a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">January 26, 1886<span style="display:none">(1886-01-26)</span> (aged 78)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gower,_Missouri" title="Gower, Missouri">Gower, Missouri</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Greenlawn Cemetery, <a href="/wiki/Plattsburg,_Missouri" title="Plattsburg, Missouri">Plattsburg, Missouri</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Transylvania_University" title="Transylvania University">Transylvania University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output 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li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Politician</li><li>lawyer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Signature</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_Rice_Atchison_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="David Rice Atchison's signature"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/David_Rice_Atchison_Signature.svg/128px-David_Rice_Atchison_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="128" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/David_Rice_Atchison_Signature.svg/192px-David_Rice_Atchison_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/David_Rice_Atchison_Signature.svg/256px-David_Rice_Atchison_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="97" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Military service</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Missouri"><img alt="Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6480" data-file-height="5400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Confederate_government_of_Missouri" title="Confederate government of Missouri">Missouri (Confederate)</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Branch/service</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%281837%E2%80%931845%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Volunteer_Militia" title="Missouri Volunteer Militia">Missouri Volunteer Militia</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Missouri"><img alt="Missouri" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_Missouri_State_Guard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="6480" data-file-height="5400" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Guard" title="Missouri State Guard">Missouri State Guard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years of service</th><td class="infobox-data">1838 (<a href="/wiki/Missouri_Volunteer_Militia" title="Missouri Volunteer Militia">MVM</a>)<br />1861–1862 (<a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Guard" title="Missouri State Guard">MSG</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Union_Army_major_general_rank_insignia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Union_Army_major_general_rank_insignia.svg/35px-Union_Army_major_general_rank_insignia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Union_Army_major_general_rank_insignia.svg/53px-Union_Army_major_general_rank_insignia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Union_Army_major_general_rank_insignia.svg/70px-Union_Army_major_general_rank_insignia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="183" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Major_general_(United_States)" title="Major general (United States)">Major-General</a> (MVM)<br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg/23px-Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg/35px-Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg/46px-Confederate_States_of_America_General-collar.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1034" data-file-height="530" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Brigadier_general" title="Brigadier general">Brigadier-General</a> (MSG)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Battles/wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1838_Mormon_War" title="1838 Mormon War">Missouri Mormon War</a><br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Crooked_River" title="Battle of Crooked River">Battle of Crooked River</a></li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a><br /> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Battle of Liberty">Action at Blue Mills Landing</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atchison-bingham.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Atchison-bingham.jpg/220px-Atchison-bingham.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="271" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Atchison-bingham.jpg/330px-Atchison-bingham.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Atchison-bingham.jpg/440px-Atchison-bingham.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption>Portrait by <a href="/wiki/George_Caleb_Bingham" title="George Caleb Bingham">George Caleb Bingham</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atchison-statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Atchison-statue.jpg/180px-Atchison-statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="467" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Atchison-statue.jpg/270px-Atchison-statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Atchison-statue.jpg/360px-Atchison-statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="983" data-file-height="2553" /></a><figcaption>Statue in front of the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_County,_Missouri" title="Clinton County, Missouri">Clinton County</a> Courthouse, <a href="/wiki/Plattsburg,_Missouri" title="Plattsburg, Missouri">Plattsburg, Missouri</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>David Rice Atchison</b> (August 11, 1807 – January 26, 1886) was a mid-19th-century <a href="/wiki/United_States_Democratic_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Democratic Party">Democratic</a><sup id="cite_ref-who2.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who2.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">United States Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Missouri" title="Missouri">Missouri</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-who2.com_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who2.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He served as <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">president pro tempore of the United States Senate</a> for six years.<sup id="cite_ref-senatehistoryminute_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senatehistoryminute-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atchison served as a major general in the Missouri State Militia in 1838 during Missouri's <a href="/wiki/1838_Mormon_War" title="1838 Mormon War">Mormon War</a> and as a <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate</a> brigadier general during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> under Major General <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Sterling Price</a> in the Missouri Home Guard. Some of Atchison's associates claimed that for 24 hours—Sunday, March 4, 1849, through noon on Monday—he may have been <a href="/wiki/Acting_President_of_the_United_States" title="Acting President of the United States">acting president of the United States</a>. This belief, however, is dismissed by nearly all scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-senatehistoryminute_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-senatehistoryminute-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryChannel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atchison, owner of many <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_the_United_States" title="Slavery in the United States">slaves</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Plantation" title="Plantation">plantation</a>, was a prominent pro-slavery activist and <a href="/wiki/Border_Ruffian" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Ruffian">Border Ruffian</a> leader, deeply involved with violence against <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionists</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Free-Stater_(Kansas)" title="Free-Stater (Kansas)">free-staters</a> during the "<a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a>" events that preceded admission of the state to the Union.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atchison was born to William Atchison and his wife in Frogtown (later Kirklevington), which is now part of <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>. He was educated at <a href="/wiki/Transylvania_University" title="Transylvania University">Transylvania University</a> in Lexington. Classmates included five future Democratic senators (<a href="/wiki/Solomon_Downs" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon Downs">Solomon Downs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Bright" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesse Bright">Jesse Bright</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Wallace_Jones" title="George Wallace Jones">George Wallace Jones</a> of <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Hannegan" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Hannegan">Edward Hannegan</a> of <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Davis" title="Jefferson Davis">Jefferson Davis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mississippi" title="Mississippi">Mississippi</a>). Atchison completed law studies and was admitted to the Kentucky <a href="/wiki/Bar_association" title="Bar association">bar</a> in 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-bioguide.congress.gov_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioguide.congress.gov-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Missouri_lawyer_and_politician">Missouri lawyer and politician</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Missouri lawyer and politician"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1830 he moved to <a href="/wiki/Liberty,_Missouri" title="Liberty, Missouri">Liberty</a> in <a href="/wiki/Clay_County,_Missouri" title="Clay County, Missouri">Clay County</a> in western Missouri,<sup id="cite_ref-bioguide.congress.gov_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bioguide.congress.gov-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and set up practice there. He also acquired a farm or plantation, with labor provided by enslaved African Americans. Atchison's law practice flourished, and his best-known client was <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, founder of the <a href="/wiki/Latter_Day_Saint_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter Day Saint Movement">Latter Day Saint Movement</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-house.mo.gov_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house.mo.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atchison represented Smith in land disputes with non-Mormon settlers in <a href="/wiki/Caldwell_County,_Missouri" title="Caldwell County, Missouri">Caldwell County</a><sup id="cite_ref-house.mo.gov_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house.mo.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Daviess_County,_Missouri" title="Daviess County, Missouri">Daviess County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-house.mo.gov_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house.mo.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Alexander_William_Doniphan" title="Alexander William Doniphan">Alexander William Doniphan</a> joined Atchison's law practice in Liberty in May 1833.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two became fast friends and spent many leisure time hours playing cards, going to horse races, hunting, fishing, and attending social functions and political events. Atchison, already a member of the Liberty Blues, a volunteer militia in Missouri, got Doniphan to join.<sup id="cite_ref-Muench-pp-7-8_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muench-pp-7-8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atchison was elected to the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_House_of_Representatives" title="Missouri House of Representatives">Missouri House of Representatives</a> in 1834.<sup id="cite_ref-PoliticalGraveyard_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PoliticalGraveyard-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MOSOS_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MOSOS-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked hard for the <a href="/wiki/Platte_Purchase" title="Platte Purchase">Platte Purchase</a>, which required Native American tribes to cede land to the United States and extended the northwestern boundary of Missouri to the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a> in 1837. </p><p>When early disputes broke out into the <a href="/wiki/Mormon_War_(1838)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon War (1838)">Mormon War of 1838</a>, Atchison was appointed a <a href="/wiki/General_officer" title="General officer">major general</a> in the state <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trivia-library.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trivia-library.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He took part in suppressing violence by both sides. </p><p>Active in the Democratic Party, in 1838 Atchison was re-elected to the Missouri State House of Representatives. In 1841, he was appointed a <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Circuit_Courts" title="Missouri Circuit Courts">circuit court</a> judge for the six-county area of the Platte Purchase. In 1843 he was named a <a href="/wiki/County_commissioner" class="mw-redirect" title="County commissioner">county commissioner</a> in <a href="/wiki/Platte_County,_Missouri" title="Platte County, Missouri">Platte County</a>, where he then lived. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senate_career">Senate career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Senate career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In October 1843,<sup id="cite_ref-house.mo.gov_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house.mo.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atchison was appointed to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> to fill the vacancy left by the death of <a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Linn" title="Lewis F. Linn">Lewis F. Linn</a>. He was the first senator from western Missouri to serve in this position.<sup id="cite_ref-house.mo.gov_9-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house.mo.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At age 36, he was the youngest senator from Missouri up to that time.<sup id="cite_ref-house.mo.gov_9-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house.mo.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Atchison was re-elected to a full term on his own account in 1849.<sup id="cite_ref-house.mo.gov_9-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-house.mo.gov-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atchison was very popular with his fellow Senate Democrats. When the Democrats took control of the US Senate in December 1845, they chose Atchison as president pro tempore,<sup id="cite_ref-trivia-library.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trivia-library.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> placing him second in succession for the presidency.<sup id="cite_ref-preslib_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-preslib-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He also was responsible for presiding over the Senate when the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">vice president</a> was absent. At 38, he was a young man with low seniority in the Senate after two years to gain such a position. </p><p>In 1849 Atchison stepped down as president pro tempore in favor of <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trivia-library.com_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trivia-library.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> King in turn yielded the office back to Atchison in December 1852, after being elected Vice President of the United States. Atchison continued as president pro tempore until December 1854.<sup id="cite_ref-trivia-library.com_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trivia-library.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a senator, Atchison was a fervent advocate of slavery<sup id="cite_ref-trivia-library.com_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trivia-library.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and territorial expansion. He supported the annexation of Texas and the <a href="/wiki/U.S.-Mexican_War" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.-Mexican War">U.S.-Mexican War</a>. Atchison and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Hart Benton (senator)">Thomas Hart Benton</a>, Missouri's other senator, became rivals and finally enemies, although both were Democrats. Benton declared himself to be against slavery in 1849. In 1851 Atchison allied with the <a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whigs</a> to defeat incumbent Benton for re-election. </p><p>Benton, intending to challenge Atchison in 1854, began to agitate for <a href="/wiki/Organized_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="Organized territory">territorial organization</a> of the area west of Missouri (now the states of <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nebraska" title="Nebraska">Nebraska</a>) so that it could be opened to settlement. To counter this, Atchison proposed that the area be organized <i>and</i> that the section of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> banning slavery there be repealed in favor of <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>. Under this plan, settlers in each territory would vote to decide whether they would allow slavery. </p><p>At Atchison's request, <a href="/wiki/Stephen_A._Douglas" title="Stephen A. Douglas">Senator Stephen Douglas</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a> introduced the <a href="/wiki/Kansas%E2%80%93Nebraska_Act" title="Kansas–Nebraska Act">Kansas–Nebraska Act</a>, which embodied this idea, in November 1853. The act was passed and became law in May 1854, establishing the Territories of Kansas and Nebraska. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Border_Ruffians">Border Ruffians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Border Ruffians"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Both Douglas and Atchison had believed that Nebraska would be settled by <a href="/wiki/Free-Stater_(Kansas)" title="Free-Stater (Kansas)">Free-State</a> men from <a href="/wiki/Iowa" title="Iowa">Iowa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Illinois" title="Illinois">Illinois</a>, and Kansas by pro-slavery Missourians and other Southerners, thus preserving the numerical balance between free states and slave states in the nation. In 1854 Atchison helped found the town of <a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Kansas" title="Atchison, Kansas">Atchison, Kansas</a>, as a pro-slavery settlement. The town (and county) were named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>While Southerners supported the idea of settling Kansas, few migrated there. Most free-soilers preferred Kansas to Nebraska. Furthermore, anti-slavery activists throughout the North came to view Kansas as a battleground and formed societies to encourage free-soil settlers to go to Kansas, to ensure there would be enough voters in both Kansas and Nebraska to approve their entry as free states.<sup id="cite_ref-Billings_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billings-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It appeared as if the Kansas Territorial legislature to be elected in March 1855 would be controlled by free-soilers and ban slavery. This was viewed as a breach of faith by Atchison and his supporters. An angry Atchison called on pro-slavery Missourians to uphold slavery by force and "to kill every God-damned abolitionist in the district" if necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He recruited an immense mob of heavily armed Missourians, the infamous "<a href="/wiki/Border_Ruffian" class="mw-redirect" title="Border Ruffian">Border Ruffians</a>". On the election day, March 30, 1855, Atchison led 5,000 Border Ruffians into Kansas. They seized control of all polling places at gunpoint, cast tens of thousands of fraudulent votes for pro-slavery candidates, and elected a pro-slavery legislature.<sup id="cite_ref-Billings_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Billings-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The outrage was nonetheless accepted by the Federal government. When Territorial Governor <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Reeder" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrew Reeder">Andrew Reeder</a> objected, he was fired by President <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Franklin Pierce</a>. </p><p>Despite this show of force, far more free-soilers than pro-slavery settlers migrated to Kansas. There were continual raids and ambushes by both sides in "<a href="/wiki/Bleeding_Kansas" title="Bleeding Kansas">Bleeding Kansas</a>". In spite of the best efforts of Atchison and the Ruffians, Kansas rejected slavery and finally became a free state in 1861. </p><p>Charles Sumner, in the epic "Crimes Against Kansas" speech on May 19, 1856, exposed Atchison's role in the invasion, tortures, and killings in Kansas. Speaking in the flamboyant style he and others used, lacing his prose with references to Roman history, Sumner compared Atchison to Roman Senator <a href="/wiki/Catiline" title="Catiline">Catiline</a>, who betrayed his country <a href="/wiki/Second_Catilinarian_conspiracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Catilinarian conspiracy">in a plot</a> to overthrow the existing order. For two days, Sumner listed crime, after crime, in detail, complete with documentation by newspapers and letters of the time, showing the tortures and violence by Atchison and his men.<sup id="cite_ref-sumner-1856_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sumner-1856-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two days later, Atchison gave his own speech, totally unaware as yet that he was exposed on the Senate floor in such a fashion. Atchison's speech was to the Texas men he just met, hired and paid for, Atchison reveals in his speech, by "authorities in Washington". They are about to invade <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_Kansas" title="Lawrence, Kansas">Lawrence, Kansas</a>. Atchison makes the men promise to kill and "draw blood," and boasts of his flag, which was red in color for "Southern Rights" and the color of blood. They would press "to blood" the spread of slavery into Kansas. He revealed in this speech that the immediate goal of the invasion was to stop the newspaper in Lawrence from publishing anti-slavery material. Atchison's men had made it a crime to publish anti-slavery newspapers in Kansas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atchison made it clear the men are to kill and draw blood, told the men they will be "well paid," and encouraged them to plunder from the homes that they invaded. That was after the hundreds of dozens of tortures and killings that Sumner had detailed in his Crimes Against Kansas speech. In other words, things were about to get much worse since Atchison had his hired men from Texas.<sup id="cite_ref-sumner-1856_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sumner-1856-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defeated_for_re-election">Defeated for re-election</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Defeated for re-election"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atchison's Senate term expired on March 3, 1855. He sought election to another term, but the Democrats in the Missouri legislature were split between him and Benton, while the Whig minority put forward their own man. No senator was elected until January 1857, when <a href="/wiki/James_S._Green" title="James S. Green">James S. Green</a> was chosen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railroad_proposal">Railroad proposal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Railroad proposal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the <a href="/wiki/First_transcontinental_railroad" title="First transcontinental railroad">first transcontinental railroad</a> was proposed in the 1850s, Atchison called for it to be built along the central route (from <a href="/wiki/St._Louis,_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Louis, Missouri">St. Louis</a> through Missouri, Kansas, and <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a>), rather than the southern route (from <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans, Louisiana">New Orleans</a> through Texas and <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>). Naturally, his suggested route went through Atchison. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="American_Civil_War">American Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: American Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atchison and his law partner Doniphan fell out over politics in 1859–1861, disagreeing on how Missouri should proceed. Atchison favored secession, while Doniphan was torn and would remain for the most part non-committal. Privately Doniphan favored the Union, but found it difficult to oppose his friends and associates.<sup id="cite_ref-Muench-pp-7-8_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Muench-pp-7-8-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the secession crisis in Missouri at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>, Atchison sided with Missouri's pro-Confederate governor, <a href="/wiki/Claiborne_Jackson" class="mw-redirect" title="Claiborne Jackson">Claiborne Jackson</a>. He was appointed a major general in the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Guard" title="Missouri State Guard">Missouri State Guard</a>. Atchison actively recruited State Guardsmen in northern Missouri and served with Guard commander General <a href="/wiki/Sterling_Price" title="Sterling Price">Sterling Price</a> in the summer campaign of 1861. In September 1861, Atchison led 3,500 State Guard recruits across the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri River</a> to reinforce Price, and defeated <a href="/wiki/Union_(American_Civil_War)" title="Union (American Civil War)">Union</a> troops that tried to block his force in the <a href="/wiki/Action_at_Blue_Mills_Landing" title="Action at Blue Mills Landing">Battle of Liberty</a>. </p><p>Atchison served in the State Guard through the end of 1861. In March 1862, Union forces in the <a href="/wiki/Trans-Mississippi" title="Trans-Mississippi">Trans-Mississippi</a> theater <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Pea_Ridge" title="Battle of Pea Ridge">won a decisive victory at Pea Ridge</a> in <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> and secured Union control of Missouri. Atchison then resigned from the army over reported strategy arguments with Price and moved to Texas for the duration of the war. After the war he retired to his farm near <a href="/wiki/Gower,_Missouri" title="Gower, Missouri">Gower</a>. He denied many of his pro-slavery public statements made prior to the Civil War. Then, his retirement cottage outside of <a href="/wiki/Plattsburg,_Missouri" title="Plattsburg, Missouri">Plattsburg, Missouri</a> burned to the ground before his death in 1886. This entailed the complete loss of his library containing books, documents, and letters which documented his role in the Mormon War, Indian affairs, pro-slavery activities, Civil War activities, and other legislation covering his career as a lawyer, senator, and soldier. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purported_one-day_presidency">Purported one-day presidency</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Purported one-day presidency"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_inauguration" title="United States presidential inauguration">Inauguration Day</a>—March 4—fell on a Sunday in 1849, and so <a href="/wiki/President-elect_of_the_United_States" title="President-elect of the United States">president-elect</a> <a href="/wiki/Zachary_Taylor" title="Zachary Taylor">Zachary Taylor</a> did not take the <a href="/wiki/Oath_of_office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Oath of office of the President of the United States">presidential oath of office</a> until the next day. Even so, the term of the outgoing president, <a href="/wiki/James_K._Polk" title="James K. Polk">James K. Polk</a>, ended at noon on March 4. On March 2, outgoing vice president <a href="/wiki/George_M._Dallas" title="George M. Dallas">George M. Dallas</a> relinquished his position as <a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Presiding Officer of the United States Senate">president of the Senate</a>. Congress had previously chosen Atchison as <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore" title="President pro tempore">president pro tempore</a>. In 1849, according to the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Succession_Act" title="Presidential Succession Act">Presidential Succession Act</a> of 1792, the Senate president pro tempore immediately followed the vice president in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_presidential_line_of_succession" title="United States presidential line of succession">presidential line of succession</a>. As Dallas's term also ended at noon on the 4th, and as neither Taylor nor vice president-elect <a href="/wiki/Millard_Fillmore" title="Millard Fillmore">Millard Fillmore</a> had been sworn in to office on that day, it was claimed by some of Atchison's friends and colleagues that from March 4–5, 1849, Atchison was <a href="/wiki/Acting_president_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Acting president of the United States">acting president of the United States</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1day441849_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1day441849-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historians, constitutional scholars and biographers all dismiss the claim. They point out that Atchison's Senate term had also ended on March 4.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryChannel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Senate of the new Congress convened on March 5 to allow new senators and the new vice president to take the oath of office, the secretary of the Senate called members to order, as the Senate had no president pro tempore.<sup id="cite_ref-1day441849_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1day441849-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although an incoming president must take the oath of office before any official acts, the prevailing view is that presidential succession does not depend on the oath.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryChannel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Even supposing that an oath were necessary, Atchison never took it, so he was no more the president than Taylor.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryChannel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1872, Atchison, who never himself claimed that he was technically president,<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryChannel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> told a reporter for the <i>Plattsburg Lever</i>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>It was in this way: Polk went out of office on March 3, 1849, on Saturday at 12 noon. The next day, the 4th, occurring on Sunday, Gen. Taylor was not inaugurated. He was not inaugurated till Monday, the 5th, at 12 noon. It was then canvassed among Senators whether there was an interregnum (a time during which a country lacks a government). It was plain that there was either an <a href="/wiki/Interregnum" title="Interregnum">interregnum</a> or I was the President of the United States being chairman of the Senate, having succeeded Judge <a href="/wiki/Willie_Person_Mangum" class="mw-redirect" title="Willie Person Mangum">Mangum</a> of North Carolina. The judge waked me up at 3 o'clock in the morning and said jocularly that as I was President of the United States he wanted me to appoint him as secretary of state. I made no pretense to the office, but if I was entitled in it I had one boast to make, that not a woman or a child shed a tear on account of my removing any one from office during my incumbency of the place. A great many such questions are liable to arise under our form of government.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atchison_David_Rice_-_Plattsburg_MO_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Atchison_David_Rice_-_Plattsburg_MO_3.jpg/200px-Atchison_David_Rice_-_Plattsburg_MO_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Atchison_David_Rice_-_Plattsburg_MO_3.jpg/300px-Atchison_David_Rice_-_Plattsburg_MO_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/41/Atchison_David_Rice_-_Plattsburg_MO_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="178" /></a><figcaption>David Rice Atchison's tombstone</figcaption></figure> <p>Atchison died on January 26, 1886, at his home near <a href="/wiki/Gower,_Missouri" title="Gower, Missouri">Gower, Missouri</a> at the age of 78. He was buried at Greenlawn Cemetery in <a href="/wiki/Plattsburg,_Missouri" title="Plattsburg, Missouri">Plattsburg, Missouri</a>. His grave marker reads "President of the United States for One Day." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Kansas" title="Atchison, Kansas">Atchison, Kansas</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> county seat of <a href="/wiki/Atchison_County,_Kansas" title="Atchison County, Kansas">Atchison County, Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchison_County,_Missouri" title="Atchison County, Missouri">Atchison County, Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Atchison_County_(LST-60)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Atchison County (LST-60)">USS <i>Atchison County</i> (LST-60)</a> ship</li> <li>In 1991, Atchison was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Famous_Missourians" title="Hall of Famous Missourians">Hall of Famous Missourians</a>, and a bronze bust depicting him is on permanent display in the rotunda of the <a href="/wiki/Missouri_State_Capitol" title="Missouri State Capitol">Missouri State Capitol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchison_County_Historical_Museum" title="Atchison County Historical Museum">Atchison County Historical Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Atchison,_Kansas" title="Atchison, Kansas">Atchison, Kansas</a> includes a museum exhibit, jokingly titled the "World's Smallest Presidential Library" devoted to Atchison.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Historical_marker" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical marker">historical marker</a> designating the approximate site of Atchison's birth is located along <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Route_1974" title="Kentucky Route 1974">Highway 1974</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Lansdowne,_Lexington" title="Lansdowne, Lexington">Landsdowne</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Lexington,_Kentucky" title="Lexington, Kentucky">Lexington, Kentucky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_Civil_War_generals_(Confederate)" title="List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)">List of American Civil War generals (Confederate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">List of United States senators from Missouri</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-who2.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-who2.com_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-who2.com_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.who2.com/davidriceatchison.html">"David Rice Atchison Biography"</a>. Who2.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=David+Rice+Atchison+Biography&rft.pub=Who2.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.who2.com%2Fdavidriceatchison.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-senatehistoryminute-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-senatehistoryminute_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-senatehistoryminute_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/President_For_A_Day.htm">"1801: President for a Day – March 4, 1849"</a>. United States Senate. May 29, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 21,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1801%3A+President+for+a+Day+%E2%80%93+March+4%2C+1849&rft.pub=United+States+Senate&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Fartandhistory%2Fhistory%2Fminute%2FPresident_For_A_Day.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistoryChannel-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HistoryChannel_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristopher_Klein2013" class="citation web cs1">Christopher Klein (February 18, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180105234307/http://www.history.com/news/the-24-hour-president">"The 24-Hour President"</a>. The History Channel. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/news/the-24-hour-president">the original</a> on January 5, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 18,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+24-Hour+President&rft.pub=The+History+Channel&rft.date=2013-02-18&rft.au=Christopher+Klein&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-24-hour-president&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/James_M._McPherson" title="James M. 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Columbia, Missouri: University of Missouri Press. pp. 7–8. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1656-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8262-1656-4">978-0-8262-1656-4</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PoliticalGraveyard-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PoliticalGraveyard_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://politicalgraveyard.com/bio/ashlock-athelston.html">"Index to Politicians: Ashley-Cotleur to Ather"</a>. The Political Graveyard. 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Fehrenbacher, <i>The Impending Crisis 1848–1861</i> at 203 (Harper, 1976)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sumner-1856-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sumner-1856_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sumner-1856_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/crimeagainstkans00sumn/crimeagainstkans00sumn_djvu.txt">"Full text of 'The crime against Kansas. Speech of Hon. Charles Sumner, of Massachusetts. In the Senate of the United States, May 19, 1856'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>archive.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.org&rft.atitle=Full+text+of+%27The+crime+against+Kansas.+Speech+of+Hon.+Charles+Sumner%2C+of+Massachusetts.+In+the+Senate+of+the+United+States%2C+May+19%2C+1856%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fcrimeagainstkans00sumn%2Fcrimeagainstkans00sumn_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansasmemory.org/item/90822">"Copy of David R. Atchison speech to proslavery forces – Kansas Memory"</a>. <i>www.kansasmemory.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Historical Society"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Clinton+Co.+Historical+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rootsweb.com%2F~moclinto%2Fhistsoc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140606205916/http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=4443">"Profile for Atchison, Kansas"</a>. <a href="/wiki/EPodunk" title="EPodunk">ePodunk</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=4443">the original</a> on June 6, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Profile+for+Atchison%2C+Kansas&rft.pub=ePodunk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.epodunk.com%2Fcgi-bin%2FgenInfo.php%3FlocIndex%3D4443&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinterton2015" class="citation book cs1">Winterton, Wayne (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6IbqCgAAQBAJ&q=bronze+bust+David+Rice+Atchison+missouri+state+capital&pg=PT89"><i>Stories from History's Dust Bin</i></a>. Xlibris US. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781514419922" title="Special:BookSources/9781514419922"><bdi>9781514419922</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stories+from+History%27s+Dust+Bin&rft.pub=Xlibris+US&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781514419922&rft.aulast=Winterton&rft.aufirst=Wayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6IbqCgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dbronze%2Bbust%2BDavid%2BRice%2BAtchison%2Bmissouri%2Bstate%2Bcapital%26pg%3DPT89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170616214405/http://www.atchisonhistory.org/museum.html">"Thanks for visiting Atchison County's Museum"</a>. <i>Atchison County Historical Museum</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atchisonhistory.org/museum.html">the original</a> on June 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atchison+County+Historical+Museum&rft.atitle=Thanks+for+visiting+Atchison+County%27s+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatchisonhistory.org%2Fmuseum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roadsideamerica.com/tip/53798">"Lexington, Kentucky: One-Day President Birthplace"</a>. <i>roadsideamerica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=roadsideamerica.com&rft.atitle=Lexington%2C+Kentucky%3A+One-Day+President+Birthplace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roadsideamerica.com%2Ftip%2F53798&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Rice_Atchison&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_Rice_Atchison" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:David Rice Atchison">David Rice Atchison</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States_CongressA000322" class="citation web cs1">United States Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=A000322">"David Rice Atchison (id: A000322)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress">Biographical Directory of the United States Congress</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biographical+Directory+of+the+United+States+Congress&rft.atitle=David+Rice+Atchison+%28id%3A+A000322%29&rft.au=United+States+Congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DA000322&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130624214657/http://www.shapell.org/btl.aspx?atchison-pesident-for-one-day">David Rice Atchinson: On Being President For A Day – Original Letters</a> Shapell Manuscript Foundation</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1906" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Rossiter_Johnson" title="Rossiter Johnson">Johnson, Rossiter</a>, ed. (1906). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Biographical_Dictionary_of_America/Atchison,_David_R." class="extiw" title="s:The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atchison, David R.">Atchison, David R.</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Biographical_Dictionary_of_America" title="The Biographical Dictionary of America">The Biographical Dictionary of America</a></i>. Vol. 1. Boston: American Biographical Society. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Atchison%2C+David+R.&rft.btitle=The+Biographical+Dictionary+of+America&rft.place=Boston&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=American+Biographical+Society&rft.date=1906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_encyclopedia" title="Template:Cite encyclopedia">cite encyclopedia</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130202112750/http://www.snopes2.com/history/american/atchison.htm">Urban Legends: President for a Day</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.all-lies.com/legends/history/presforaday.shtml">Another view of the President for a Day claim</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20011116213743/http://home.nycap.rr.com/useless/atchison/index.html">Useless Information: David Rice Atchison</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/President_For_A_Day.htm">U.S. Senate Historical Minute Essay</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcAfee1886" class="citation book cs1">McAfee, John J. (1886). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kentuckypolitic00mcafgoog"><i>Kentucky politicians : sketches of representative Corncrackers and other miscellany</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Louisville,_Kentucky" title="Louisville, Kentucky">Louisville, Kentucky</a>: Press of the Courier-Journal job printing company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/kentuckypolitic00mcafgoog/page/n16">10</a>–16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kentucky+politicians+%3A+sketches+of+representative+Corncrackers+and+other+miscellany&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Kentucky&rft.pages=10-16&rft.pub=Press+of+the+Courier-Journal+job+printing+company&rft.date=1886&rft.aulast=McAfee&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fkentuckypolitic00mcafgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid+Rice+Atchison" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senate</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Linn" title="Lewis F. Linn">Lewis F. Linn</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri"> U.S. senator (Class 3) from Missouri</a> </b><br />October 14, 1843 – March 3, 1855 <br />Served alongside: <b><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(senator)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Hart Benton (senator)">Thomas Hart Benton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Geyer" title="Henry S. Geyer">Henry S. Geyer</a></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/James_S._Green" title="James S. Green">James S. Green</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Ambrose Hundley Sevier</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a> </b><br />August 8, 1846 – December 2, 1849 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">William R. King</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore of the United States Senate</a> </b><br />December 20, 1852 – December 4, 1854 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Lewis Cass</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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senators from Missouri"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_senators_from_Missouri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Missouri" title="List of United States senators from Missouri">United States senators from Missouri</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_S._Geyer" title="Henry S. Geyer">Geyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusten_Polk" title="Trusten Polk">Polk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Henderson" title="John B. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Schurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Cockrell" title="Francis Cockrell">Cockrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Warner_(Missouri_politician)" title="William Warner (Missouri politician)">Warner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_A._Reed_(politician)" title="James A. Reed (politician)">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscoe_C._Patterson" title="Roscoe C. Patterson">Patterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Truman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_P._Briggs" title="Frank P. Briggs">Briggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_P._Kem" title="James P. Kem">Kem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Symington" title="Stuart Symington">Symington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Danforth" title="John Danforth">Danforth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ashcroft" title="John Ashcroft">Ashcroft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Carnahan" title="Jean Carnahan">Carnahan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Talent" title="Jim Talent">Talent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claire_McCaskill" title="Claire McCaskill">McCaskill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="United States Senate"><img alt="United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Class 3</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Barton_(politician)" title="David Barton (politician)">Barton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Buckner" title="Alexander Buckner">Buckner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Linn" title="Lewis F. Linn">Linn</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_S._Green" title="James S. Green">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldo_P._Johnson" title="Waldo P. Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wilson_(Missouri_politician)" title="Robert Wilson (Missouri politician)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._Gratz_Brown" title="B. Gratz Brown">Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Drake" title="Charles D. Drake">Drake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_T._Jewett" title="Daniel T. Jewett">Jewett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Preston_Blair_Jr." title="Francis Preston Blair Jr.">Blair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis_V._Bogy" title="Lewis V. Bogy">Bogy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Armstrong" title="David H. Armstrong">Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Shields_(politician,_born_1806)" title="James Shields (politician, born 1806)">Shields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Graham_Vest" title="George Graham Vest">Vest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Stone" title="William J. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophon_P._Wilfley" title="Xenophon P. Wilfley">Wilfley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selden_P._Spencer" title="Selden P. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Williams_(Missouri_politician)" title="George H. Williams (Missouri politician)">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_B._Hawes" title="Harry B. Hawes">Hawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Champ_Clark" title="Bennett Champ Clark">Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_C._Donnell" title="Forrest C. Donnell">Donnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Hennings_Jr." title="Thomas C. Hennings Jr.">Hennings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_V._Long" title="Edward V. Long">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Eagleton" title="Thomas Eagleton">Eagleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kit_Bond" title="Kit Bond">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Blunt" title="Roy Blunt">Blunt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Schmitt" title="Eric Schmitt">Schmitt</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#default;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Template:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Template talk:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_Indian_Affairs_chairs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate Indian Affairs chairs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Chairs_of_the_United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Chairs of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Committee_on_Indian_Affairs" title="United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs">United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full Committee<br />(1820–1947)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Holmes_(politician)" title="David Holmes (politician)">Holmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Johnson_(Louisiana_politician)" title="Henry Johnson (Louisiana politician)">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hart_Benton_(politician)" title="Thomas Hart Benton (politician)">Benton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">H. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Troup" title="George Troup">Troup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">H. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_T._Morehead_(Kentucky_politician)" title="James T. Morehead (Kentucky politician)">Morehead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Smith_White" title="Albert Smith White">A. White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_P._Bagby" title="Arthur P. Bagby">Bagby</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atchison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_K._Sebastian" title="William K. Sebastian">Sebastian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_R._Doolittle" title="James R. Doolittle">Doolittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_B._Henderson" title="John B. Henderson">Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Harlan_(Iowa_politician)" title="James Harlan (Iowa politician)">Harlan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Buckingham" title="William A. Buckingham">Buckingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_B._Allison" title="William B. Allison">Allison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Coke" title="Richard Coke">Coke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Dawes" title="Henry L. Dawes">Dawes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Jones" title="James K. Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_F._Pettigrew" title="Richard F. Pettigrew">Pettigrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Thurston" title="John M. Thurston">Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_M._Stewart" title="William M. Stewart">Stewart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_E._Clapp" title="Moses E. Clapp">Clapp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_J._Gamble" title="Robert J. Gamble">Gamble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_J._Stone" title="William J. Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_F._Ashurst" title="Henry F. Ashurst">Ashurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selden_P._Spencer" title="Selden P. Spencer">Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Harreld" title="John W. Harreld">Harreld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Frazier" title="Lynn Frazier">Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_K._Wheeler" title="Burton K. Wheeler">Wheeler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmer_Thomas" title="Elmer Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_C._O%27Mahoney" title="Joseph C. O'Mahoney">O'Mahoney</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/80px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/120px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg/160px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="1030" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Select Committee<br />(1977–1993)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Abourezk" title="James Abourezk">Abourezk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Melcher" title="John Melcher">Melcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Cohen" title="William Cohen">Cohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andrews_(politician)" title="Mark Andrews (politician)">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Full Committee<br />(1993–)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byron_Dorgan" title="Byron Dorgan">Dorgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Akaka" title="Daniel Akaka">Akaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Cantwell" title="Maria Cantwell">Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jon_Tester" title="Jon Tester">Tester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrasso" title="John Barrasso">Barrasso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hoeven" title="John Hoeven">Hoeven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Schatz" title="Brian Schatz">Schatz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Template:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Template talk:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Senate_presidents_pro_tempore" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Senate presidents pro tempore"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a> (1789)</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Henry_Lee" title="Richard Henry Lee">Lee</a> (1792)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Langdon_(politician)" title="John Langdon (politician)">Langdon</a> (1792–1793)</li> <li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Izard" title="Ralph Izard">Izard</a> (1794)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Tazewell" title="Henry Tazewell">H. Tazewell</a> (1795)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a> (1796)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Bingham" title="William Bingham">Bingham</a> (1797)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_Bradford_(Rhode_Island_politician)" title="William Bradford (Rhode Island politician)">Bradford</a> (1979)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Read" title="Jacob Read">Read</a> (1797)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sedgwick" title="Theodore Sedgwick">Sedgwick</a> (1798)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Laurance" title="John Laurance">Laurance</a> (1798)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Ross_(Pennsylvania_politician)" title="James Ross (Pennsylvania politician)">Ross</a> (1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Livermore" title="Samuel Livermore">Livermore</a> (1799)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Uriah_Tracy" title="Uriah Tracy">Tracy</a> (1800)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Eager_Howard" title="John Eager Howard">Howard</a> (1800)</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Hillhouse" title="James Hillhouse">Hillhouse</a> (1801)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Baldwin" title="Abraham Baldwin">Baldwin</a> (1801–1802)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1802–1803)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Brown_(Kentucky_politician,_born_1757)" title="John Brown (Kentucky politician, born 1757)">Brown</a> (1803–1804)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Franklin" title="Jesse Franklin">Franklin</a> (1804)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Anderson_(Tennessee_politician)" title="Joseph Anderson (Tennessee politician)">Anderson</a> (1805)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a> (1805–1808)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Stephen_R._Bradley" title="Stephen R. Bradley">Bradley</a> (1808–1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Milledge" title="John Milledge">Milledge</a> (1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Gregg" title="Andrew Gregg">Gregg</a> (1809)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1810)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Pope_(Kentucky_politician)" title="John Pope (Kentucky politician)">Pope</a> (1811)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_H._Crawford" title="William H. Crawford">Crawford</a> (1812–1813)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bradley_Varnum" title="Joseph Bradley Varnum">Varnum</a> (1813–1814)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1814–1819)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Barbour" title="James Barbour">Barbour</a> (1819)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Gaillard" title="John Gaillard">Gaillard</a> (1820–1825)</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Macon" title="Nathaniel Macon">Macon</a> (1826–1827)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Smith_(Maryland_politician)" title="Samuel Smith (Maryland politician)">Smith</a> (1828–1831)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Littleton_Waller_Tazewell" title="Littleton Waller Tazewell">L. Tazewell</a> (1832)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Lawson_White" title="Hugh Lawson White">White</a> (1832–1833)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_Poindexter" title="George Poindexter">Poindexter</a> (1834)</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Tyler" title="John Tyler">Tyler</a> (1835)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. R. King</a> (1836–1841)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Samuel_L._Southard" title="Samuel L. Southard">Southard</a> (1841–1842)</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Willie_P._Mangum" title="Willie P. Mangum">Mangum</a> (1842–1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ambrose_Hundley_Sevier" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambrose Hundley Sevier">Sevier</a> (1845)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atchison</a> (1846–1849)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_R._King" title="William R. King">W. R. King</a> (1850–1852)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Atchison</a> (1852–1854)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lewis_Cass" title="Lewis Cass">Cass</a> (1854)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1854–1856)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_E._Stuart" title="Charles E. Stuart">Stuart</a> (1856)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1856–1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_M._Mason" title="James M. Mason">Mason</a> (1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Rusk" title="Thomas Jefferson Rusk">Rusk</a> (1857)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a> (1857–1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_D._Bright" title="Jesse D. Bright">Bright</a> (1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Fitzpatrick" title="Benjamin Fitzpatrick">Fitzpatrick</a> (1860)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Foot" title="Solomon Foot">Foot</a> (1861–1864)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Clark_(New_Hampshire_politician)" title="Daniel Clark (New Hampshire politician)">Clark</a> (1864–1865)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Lafayette_S._Foster" title="Lafayette S. Foster">Foster</a> (1865–1867)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Wade" title="Benjamin Wade">Wade</a> (1867–1869)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1869–1873)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Matthew_H._Carpenter" title="Matthew H. Carpenter">Carpenter</a> (1873–1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_B._Anthony" title="Henry B. Anthony">Anthony</a> (1875)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Ferry" title="Thomas W. Ferry">Ferry</a> (1875–1879)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Allen_G._Thurman" title="Allen G. Thurman">Thurman</a> (1879–1880)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_F._Bayard" title="Thomas F. Bayard">Bayard</a> (1881)</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/David_Davis_(Supreme_Court_justice)" title="David Davis (Supreme Court justice)">Davis</a> (1881–1883)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_F._Edmunds" title="George F. Edmunds">Edmunds</a> (1883–1885)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a> (1885–1887)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_J._Ingalls" title="John J. Ingalls">Ingalls</a> (1887–1891)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Manderson" title="Charles F. Manderson">Manderson</a> (1891–1893)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a> (1893–1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Matt_W._Ransom" title="Matt W. Ransom">Ransom</a> (1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Isham_G._Harris" title="Isham G. Harris">Harris</a> (1895)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_P._Frye" title="William P. Frye">Frye</a> (1896–1911)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Augustus_O._Bacon" title="Augustus O. Bacon">Bacon</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Curtis</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_H._Gallinger" title="Jacob H. Gallinger">Gallinger</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Frank_B._Brandegee" title="Frank B. Brandegee">Brandegee</a>/ <span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a> (1911–1913)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_P._Clarke" title="James P. Clarke">Clarke</a> (1913–1916)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Willard_Saulsbury_Jr." title="Willard Saulsbury Jr.">Saulsbury</a> (1916–1919)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Albert_B._Cummins" title="Albert B. Cummins">Cummins</a> (1919–1925)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/George_H._Moses" title="George H. Moses">Moses</a> (1925–1933)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Key_Pittman" title="Key Pittman">Pittman</a> (1933–1940)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/William_H._King" title="William H. King">W. H. King</a> (1940–1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Pat_Harrison" title="Pat Harrison">Harrison</a> (1941)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carter_Glass" title="Carter Glass">Glass</a> (1941–1945)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a> (1945–1947)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Vandenberg" title="Arthur Vandenberg">Vandenberg</a> (1947–1949)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_McKellar_(politician)" title="Kenneth McKellar (politician)">McKellar</a> (1949–1953)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Styles_Bridges" title="Styles Bridges">Bridges</a> (1953–1955)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Walter_F._George" title="Walter F. George">George</a> (1955–1957)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Carl_Hayden" title="Carl Hayden">Hayden</a> (1957–1969)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Richard_Russell_Jr." title="Richard Russell Jr.">Russell</a> (1969–1971)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Allen_J._Ellender" title="Allen J. Ellender">Ellender</a> (1971–1972)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/James_Eastland" title="James Eastland">Eastland</a> (1972–1978)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a> (1979–1980)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Milton_Young" title="Milton Young">Young</a> (1980)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Magnuson" title="Warren Magnuson">Magnuson</a> (1980–1981)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (1981–1987)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/John_C._Stennis" title="John C. Stennis">Stennis</a> (1987–1989)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (1989–1995)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (1995–2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a> (2001)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2001–2003)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Ted_Stevens" title="Ted Stevens">Stevens</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Robert_Byrd" title="Robert Byrd">Byrd</a> (2007–2010)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Inouye" title="Daniel Inouye">Inouye</a> (2010–2012)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> (2012–2015)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Hatch</a> (2015–2019)</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Grassley" title="Chuck Grassley">Grassley</a> (2019–2021)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Leahy" title="Patrick Leahy">Leahy</a> (2021–2023)</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> <a href="/wiki/Patty_Murray" title="Patty Murray">Murray</a> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore"><img alt="Seal of the United States Senate President Pro Tempore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/90px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/135px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg/180px-President_Pro_Tempore_US_Senate_Seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span style="color:#00cc22;">▌</span> Pro-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#CCFF66;">▌</span> Anti-Administration</li> <li><span style="color:#EA9978;">▌</span> Federalist</li> <li><span style="color:#008000;">▌</span> Democratic-Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDEEFF;">▌</span> Jacksonian</li> <li><span style="color:#FFE6B0;">▌</span> National Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#F0C862;">▌</span> Whig</li> <li><span style="color:#3333FF;">▌</span> Democratic</li> <li><span style="color:#E81B23;">▌</span> Republican</li> <li><span style="color:#DDDDBB;">▌</span> Independent</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="List-Class article"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">List</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><span class="portal-bar-header"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:</span><ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/19px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/29px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png/38px-United_states_confederate_flag_hybrid.png 2x" data-file-width="1875" data-file-height="1875" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:American_Civil_War" title="Portal:American Civil War">American Civil War</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/19px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/29px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/01/A_coloured_voting_box.svg/38px-A_coloured_voting_box.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politics" title="Portal:Politics">Politics</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176322#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176322#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1176322#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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