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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Motherland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motherland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Motherland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motherland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fatherland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fatherland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Fatherland</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fatherland-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Fatherland subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fatherland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Other_groups_that_refer_to_their_native_country_as_a_"fatherland"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_groups_that_refer_to_their_native_country_as_a_"fatherland""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Other groups that refer to their native country as a "fatherland"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_groups_that_refer_to_their_native_country_as_a_"fatherland"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Romance_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Romance_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Romance languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Romance_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Multiple_references_to_parental_forms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Multiple_references_to_parental_forms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Multiple references to parental forms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Multiple_references_to_parental_forms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_Hebrew" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_Hebrew"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In Hebrew</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_Hebrew-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses_by_country" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses_by_country"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses by country</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses_by_country-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_of_one's_home" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_of_one's_home"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Land of one's home</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_of_one's_home-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Homeland</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86" title="وطن – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="وطن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yurd" title="Yurd – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yurd" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86" title="وطن – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="وطن" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_Air_Indon%C3%A9sia_(gending)" title="Tanah Air Indonésia (gending) – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tanah Air Indonésia (gending)" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF" title="জন্মভূমি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জন্মভূমি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Радзіма – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Радзіма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A0tria" title="Pàtria – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Pàtria" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD_%C3%A7%C4%95%D1%80%D1%88%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Тăван çĕршыв – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăван çĕршыв" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaterland" title="Vaterland – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vaterland" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodumaa" title="Kodumaa – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kodumaa" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patria" title="Patria – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Patria" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrujo" title="Patrujo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Patrujo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%87%D9%86" title="میهن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میهن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrie" title="Patrie – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Patrie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patria" title="Patria – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Patria" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B5%AD" title="고국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D6%80%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB%D6%84_(%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%AF%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Հայրենիք (հասկացություն) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հայրենիք (հասկացություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrio" title="Patrio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Patrio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_air" title="Tanah air – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanah air" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patria" title="Patria – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Patria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%AA" title="מולדת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מולדת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanah_w%C3%A9" title="Tanah wé – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tanah wé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%81" title="ತಾಯಿನಾಡು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ತಾಯಿನಾಡು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dzimtene" title="Dzimtene – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dzimtene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haza_(fogalom)" title="Haza (fogalom) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Haza (fogalom)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanindrazana" title="Tanindrazana – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Tanindrazana" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86" title="وطن – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="وطن" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thuisland_(vaderland)" title="Thuisland (vaderland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thuisland (vaderland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AF%8D%E5%9B%BD" title="母国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="母国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1tria" title="Pátria – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pátria" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Родина – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Родина" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%ABm%C3%ABdheu" title="Mëmëdheu – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Mëmëdheu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8" title="නිජබිම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නිජබිම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeland" title="Homeland – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Homeland" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B4%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نیشتمان – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نیشتمان" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Домовина – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Домовина" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domovina" title="Domovina – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Domovina" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%8F%D0%BA" title="Туган як – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Туган як" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/cnlangan" title="cnlangan – Tayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="cnlangan" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Tayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anavatan" title="Anavatan – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Anavatan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Рідний край – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рідний край" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AE%B6%E4%B9%A1" title="家乡 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="家乡" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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title="Fatherland">Fatherland</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Place associated with a collective identity</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about native lands. For the TV series, see <a href="/wiki/Homeland_(TV_series)" title="Homeland (TV series)"><i>Homeland</i> (TV series)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Homeland_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Homeland (disambiguation)">Homeland (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Old Country" redirects here. For the silent film, see <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Country" title="The Old Country"><i>The Old Country</i></a>. For the album by Nat Adderley's Quintet, see <a href="/wiki/The_Old_Country_(album)" title="The Old Country (album)"><i>The Old Country</i> (album)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/280px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/420px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg/560px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix_-_La_libert%C3%A9_guidant_le_peuple.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3133" data-file-height="2480" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Leading_the_People" title="Liberty Leading the People">Liberty Leading the People</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Delacroix" title="Eugène Delacroix">Eugène Delacroix</a> personifies the French motherland.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>homeland</b> is a place where a national or ethnic identity has formed. The definition can also mean simply one's country of birth.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When used as a <a href="/wiki/Proper_noun" title="Proper noun">proper noun</a>, the Homeland, as well as its equivalents in other languages, often has <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalist</a> connotations. A homeland may also be referred to as a <i>fatherland</i>, a <i>motherland</i>, or a <i>mother country</i>, depending on the <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> and <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a> of the nationality in question. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motherland">Motherland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Motherland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Motherland" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Motherland_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Motherland (disambiguation)">Motherland (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mother country" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mother_Country_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mother Country (disambiguation)">Mother Country (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">Metropolis</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bharat_Mata_bronze.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bharat_Mata_bronze.jpg/220px-Bharat_Mata_bronze.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bharat_Mata_bronze.jpg/330px-Bharat_Mata_bronze.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Bharat_Mata_bronze.jpg/440px-Bharat_Mata_bronze.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="968" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a> (Mother India) statue accompanied by a lion at <a href="/wiki/Yanam,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Yanam, India">Yanam, India</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Motherland refers to a <i>mother country</i>, i.e. the place in which somebody grew up or had lived for a long enough period that somebody has formed their own cultural identity, the place that one's ancestors lived for generations, or the place that somebody regards as home, or a <a href="/wiki/Metropole" title="Metropole">Metropole</a> in contrast to its colonies. People often refer to <a href="/wiki/Personifications_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Personifications of Russia">Mother Russia</a> as a personification of the Russian nation. The <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> is also considered as a motherland which is derived from the word "<i>Inang Bayan</i>" which means "Motherland". Within the <a href="/wiki/British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>, many natives in the colonies came to think of <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> as the mother country of one, large nation. <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> is often personified as <a href="/wiki/Bharat_Mata" title="Bharat Mata">Bharat Mata</a> (Mother India). The French commonly refer to France as "la mère patrie";<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic" title="Hispanic">Hispanic</a> countries that were former Spanish colonies commonly referred to <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> as "<i>la Madre Patria</i>". Romans and the subjects of <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> saw <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> as the motherland (<i>patria</i> or <i>terrarum parens</i>) of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a>, in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Roman_provinces" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman provinces">Roman provinces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> refer to <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> as "ana vatan" (lit: mother homeland.). <a href="/wiki/Kathleen_Ni_Houlihan" title="Kathleen Ni Houlihan">Kathleen Ni Houlihan</a> is a mythical symbol of Irish nationalism found in literature and art including work by <a href="/wiki/W._B._Yeats" title="W. B. Yeats">W.B. Yeats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Se%C3%A1n_O%27Casey" title="Seán O'Casey">Seán O'Casey</a>, She was an emblem during colonial rule, and became associated with the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army" title="Irish Republican Army">Irish Republican Army</a> in Northern Ireland, especially during <a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fatherland">Fatherland</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Fatherland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Fatherland" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Fatherland_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Fatherland (disambiguation)">Fatherland (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WWI_postcards_German_and_Austrian_soldiers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/WWI_postcards_German_and_Austrian_soldiers.jpg/170px-WWI_postcards_German_and_Austrian_soldiers.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/WWI_postcards_German_and_Austrian_soldiers.jpg/255px-WWI_postcards_German_and_Austrian_soldiers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/WWI_postcards_German_and_Austrian_soldiers.jpg/340px-WWI_postcards_German_and_Austrian_soldiers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Postcard" title="Postcard">Postcard</a> of an Austrian and a German soldier in the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a> with the text "Shoulder to shoulder, hand in hand, for God, Emperor and Fatherland."</figcaption></figure> <p>Fatherland is the nation of one's "fathers", "<a href="/wiki/Forefathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Forefathers">forefathers</a>", or <a href="/wiki/Ancestor" title="Ancestor">ancestors</a>. The word can also mean the country of nationality, the country in which somebody grew up, the country that somebody's ancestors lived in for generations, or the country that somebody regards as home, depending on how the individual uses it.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It can be viewed as a <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalist</a> concept, in so far as it is evocative of emotions related to family ties and links them to national identity and patriotism. It can be compared to motherland and homeland, and some languages will use more than one of these terms.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_anthem" title="National anthem">national anthem</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> between 1815 and 1932, "<a href="/wiki/Wien_Ne%C3%AArlands_Bloed" title="Wien Neêrlands Bloed">Wien Neêrlands Bloed</a>", makes extensive use of the parallel Dutch word, as does the current Dutch national anthem, <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus" title="Wilhelmus">Het Wilhelmus</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> <i>patris</i>, fatherland, led to <i>patrios</i>, <i>of our fathers</i> and thence to the <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a> <i>patriota</i> and <a href="/wiki/Old_French" title="Old French">Old French</a> <i>patriote</i>, meaning compatriot; from these the English word <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a> is derived. The related <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Roman</a> word <i>Patria</i> led to similar forms in modern <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>. </p><p>"Fatherland" was first encountered by the vast majority of citizens in countries that did not themselves use it during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, when it was featured in news reports associated with Nazi Germany.<sup id="cite_ref-Wierzbicka_1997_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wierzbicka_1997-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WoW_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoW-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> German government <a href="/wiki/Propaganda" title="Propaganda">propaganda</a> used its appeal to nationalism when making references to Germany and the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Wierzbicka_1997_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wierzbicka_1997-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-WoW_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WoW-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was used in <i><a href="/wiki/Mein_Kampf" title="Mein Kampf">Mein Kampf</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on a sign in a German <a href="/wiki/Concentration_camp" title="Concentration camp">concentration camp</a>, also signed, <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term fatherland (<i>Vaterland</i>) is used throughout <a href="/wiki/German-speaking_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="German-speaking Europe">German-speaking Europe</a>, as well as in Dutch. National history is usually called <i>vaderlandse geschiedenis</i> in Dutch. Another use of the Dutch word is well known from the national anthem, "<a href="/wiki/Het_Wilhelmus" class="mw-redirect" title="Het Wilhelmus">Het Wilhelmus</a>". </p><p>In German, the word became more prominent in the 19th century. It appears in numerous patriotic songs and poems, such as Hoffmann's song <i><a href="/wiki/Lied_der_Deutschen" class="mw-redirect" title="Lied der Deutschen">Lied der Deutschen</a></i> which became the national anthem in 1922. Because of the use of <i>Vaterland</i> in Nazi-German war propaganda, the term "Fatherland" in English has become associated with domestic British and American anti-Nazi propaganda during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. This is not the case in Germany itself, where the word remains used in the usual patriotic contexts. </p><p>Terms equating "Fatherland" in other Germanic languages: </p> <ul><li>Afrikaans: <i>Vaderland</i></li> <li>Danish: <i>fædreland</i></li> <li>Dutch: <i>vaderland</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as in the national anthem <a href="/wiki/Wilhelmus" title="Wilhelmus">Wilhelmus</a>)</li> <li>Flemish: <i>Vaderland</i></li> <li>West Frisian: <i>heitelân</i></li> <li>German: <i>Vaterland</i><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (as in the national anthem <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandlied" title="Deutschlandlied">Das Lied der Deutschen</a>, also <a href="/wiki/Austrians" title="Austrians">Austrians</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swiss_people" title="Swiss people">Swiss</a> as in the national anthem <a href="/wiki/Swiss_Psalm" title="Swiss Psalm">Swiss Psalm</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liechtensteiners" title="Liechtensteiners">Liechtensteiners</a>)</li> <li>Icelandic: <i>föðurland</i></li> <li>Norwegian: <i>fedreland</i></li> <li>Scots: <span title="Scots-language text"><i lang="sco">faitherland</i></span></li> <li>Swedish: <i>fäderneslandet</i> (besides the more common <i>fosterlandet</i>; the word <i>faderlandet</i> also exists in Swedish but is never used for Sweden itself, but for other countries such as Germany).</li></ul> <p>A corresponding term is often used in Slavic languages, in: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a> <i>otechestvo</i> (отечество) or <i>otchizna</i> (отчизна)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish</a> <i>ojczyzna</i> in common language literally meaning "fatherland", <i>ziemia ojców</i> literally meaning "land of fathers",<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes used in the phrase <i>ziemia ojców naszych</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> literally meaning "land of our fathers" (besides rarer name <i>macierz</i> "motherland")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a> <i>batʹkivshchyna</i> (батьківщина) or <i>vitchyzna</i> (вітчизна).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_language" title="Czech language">Czech</a> <i>otčina</i> (although the normal Czech term for "homeland" is <i>vlast</i>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Belarusians" title="Belarusians">Belarusians</a> as <span title="Belarusian-language text"><span lang="be">Бацькаўшчына</span></span> (<i>Baćkaŭščyna</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbo-Croatian" title="Serbo-Croatian">Serbo-Croatian</a> <i>otadžbina</i> (отаџбина) meaning "fatherland", <i>domovina</i> (домовина) meaning "homeland", <i>dedovina</i> (дедовина) or <i>djedovina</i> meaning "grandfatherland" or "land of grandfathers"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_language" title="Bulgarian language">Bulgarian</a> татковина (<i>tatkovina</i>) as well as <i>otechestvo</i> (Отечество)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_language" title="Macedonian language">Macedonian</a> татковина (<i>tatkovina</i>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_groups_that_refer_to_their_native_country_as_a_"fatherland""><span id="Other_groups_that_refer_to_their_native_country_as_a_.22fatherland.22"></span>Other groups that refer to their native country as a "fatherland"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Other groups that refer to their native country as a "fatherland""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Groups with languages that refer to their native country as a "fatherland" include: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Arabs" title="Arabs">Arabs</a> as <span title="Arabic-language text"><span lang="ar" dir="rtl">أرض الآباء</span></span> <i>'arḍ al-'abā'</i> ("land of the fathers")</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Albanians" title="Albanians">Albanians</a> as <i>Atdhe</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Amhara_people" title="Amhara people">Amharas</a> as <span title="Amharic-language text"><span lang="am">አባት አገር</span></span> (<i>Abbat Ager</i>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Rohingya" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohingya">Rohingya</a> as <i>Bafodinná woton</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Rakhine_people" title="Rakhine people">Arakaneses</a> as <span title="Rakhine-language romanization"><span style="font-style: normal" lang="rki-Latn">A pha rakhaing pray</span></span> (အဖရခိုင်ပြည်)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a> as <i>Daimokh</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Estonians" title="Estonians">Estonians</a> as <i>isamaa</i> (as in the national anthem <a href="/wiki/Mu_isamaa,_mu_%C3%B5nn_ja_r%C3%B5%C3%B5m" title="Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm">Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm</a>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Finns" title="Finns">Finns</a> as <i>isänmaa</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Georgians" title="Georgians">Georgians</a> as <i>Samshoblo</i> (სამშობლო - "[land] of parents") or <i>Mamuli</i> (მამული)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">Ancient Greeks</a> as πατρίς <i>patris</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a> as πατρίδα <span title="Greek-language romanization"><i lang="el-Latn">patrida</i></span>'</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a> as <i>atameken</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> as <i>ata meken</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> as tēvzeme</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Lithuanians" title="Lithuanians">Lithuanians</a> as <i>tėvynė</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Nigerians" title="Nigerians">Nigerians</a> as <i>fatherland</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Oromo_people" title="Oromo people">Oromo</a> as <i>Biyya Abaa</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Pakistanis" title="Pakistanis">Pakistanis</a> as <i>Vatan</i> (madar-e-watan means motherland. Not fatherland)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Somali_people" title="Somali people">Somali</a> as <i>Dhulka Abaa</i>, land of the father</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Thai_people" title="Thai people">Thais</a> as <i>pituphum</i> (ปิตุภูมิ), the word is adapted from <i><a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a></i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibetans</a> as <big><span title="Standard Tibetan-language text"><span lang="bo">ཕ་ཡུལ</span></span></big> (<i>pha yul</i>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> as <span title="Welsh-language text"><i lang="cy">Hen Wlad Fy Nhadau</i></span>, 'the ancient land of my fathers'</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Romance_languages">Romance languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Romance languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Romance_languages" title="Romance languages">Romance languages</a>, a common way to refer to one's home country is <i>Patria/Pátria/Patrie</i> which has the same connotation as <i>Fatherland</i>, that is, the nation of our parents/fathers (From the Latin, Pater, father). As <i>patria</i> has feminine gender, it is usually used in expressions related to one's mother, as in Italian <i>la Madrepatria</i>, Spanish <i>la Madre Patria</i> or Portuguese <i>a Pátria Mãe</i> (Mother Fatherland). Examples include: </p> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Esperantist" class="mw-redirect" title="Esperantist">Esperantists</a> as <i>patrio</i>, <i>patrolando</i> or <i>patrujo</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_language" title="Aragonese language">Aragonese</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asturian_language" title="Asturian language">Asturian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Franco-Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Provençal language">Franco-Provençal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galician_language" title="Galician language">Galician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a> (in its many dialects): <i>Patria</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i>Pàtria</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitans</a>: <i>Patrìo</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i>Patrie</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_language" title="Romanian language">Romanian</a>: <i>Patrie</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>: <i>Pátria</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Multiple_references_to_parental_forms">Multiple references to parental forms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Multiple references to parental forms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>the <a href="/wiki/Armenians" title="Armenians">Armenians</a>, as <i>Hayrenik</i> (Հայրենիք), home. The national anthem <a href="/wiki/Mer_Hayrenik" title="Mer Hayrenik">Mer Hayrenik</a> translates as <i>Our Fatherland</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> as <i>Ana vətən</i> (lit. mother homeland; vətən from Arabic) or <i>Ata ocağı</i> (lit. father's <a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a>)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Bosniaks" title="Bosniaks">Bosniaks</a> as <i>Otadžbina</i> (Отаџбина), although <i>Domovina</i> (Домовина) is sometimes used colloquially meaning <i>homeland</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">Chinese</a> as <i>zǔguó</i> (祖国 or 祖國 (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_chinese" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional chinese">traditional chinese</a>), "land of ancestors"), <i>zǔguómǔqīn</i> (祖国母亲 or 祖國母親, "ancestral land, the mother") is frequently used.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Czechs" title="Czechs">Czechs</a> as <i>vlast</i>, <i>power</i> or (rarely) <i>otčina</i>, fatherland</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Hungarians" title="Hungarians">Hungarians</a> as <i>szülőföld</i> (literally: "bearing land" or "parental land")</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Indian_people" title="Indian people">Indians</a> as मातृभूमि literally meaning "motherland", or पितृभूमि translating to "fatherland" in the Indo-Aryan liturgical tradition</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Kurds" title="Kurds">Kurds</a> as <i>warê bav û kalan</i> meaning "land of the fathers and the grandfathers"</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> as <i>sokoku</i> (祖国, "land of ancestors")</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> as <i>joguk</i> (조국, <a href="/wiki/Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a>: 祖國, "land of ancestors")</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French speakers</a>: <i>Patrie</i>, although they also use <i>la mère patrie</i>, which includes the idea of motherland</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Latvians" title="Latvians">Latvians</a> as <i>tēvija</i> or <i>tēvzeme</i> (although <i>dzimtene</i> – roughly translated as "place that somebody grew up" – is more neutral and used more commonly nowadays)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Bamar_people" title="Bamar people">Burmese</a> as အမိမြေ (ami-myay) literally meaning "motherland"</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Persian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian people">Persians</a> as <i>Sarzamin e Pedari (Fatherland), Sarzamin e Mādari (Motherland) or Mihan (Home)</i></li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Poles</a> as <i>ojczyzna</i> (<i>ojczyzna</i> is derived from <i>ojciec</i>, Polish for father, but <i>ojczyzna</i> itself and <i>Polska</i> are <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">feminine</a>, so it can also be translated as motherland), also an <a href="/wiki/Archaism" title="Archaism">archaism</a> <i>macierz</i> "mother" is rarely used.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Russians" title="Russians">Russians</a>, as <i>Otechestvo</i> (отечество) or <i>Otchizna</i> (отчизна), both words derived from <i>отец</i>, Russian for father. <i>Otechestvo</i> is <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">neuter</a>, <i>otchizna</i> is <a href="/wiki/Grammatical_gender" title="Grammatical gender">feminine</a>.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Slovenes" title="Slovenes">Slovenes</a> as <i>očetnjava</i>, although <i>domovina</i> (homeland) is more common.</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Swedish people">Swedes</a> as <i>fäderneslandet</i>, although <i>fosterlandet</i> is more common (meaning the land that fostered/raised a person)</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_people" title="Vietnamese people">Vietnamese</a> as <i>Tổ quốc</i> (<a href="/wiki/Ch%E1%BB%AF_N%C3%B4m" title="Chữ Nôm">Chữ Nôm</a>: 祖國, "land of ancestors")</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_Hebrew">In Hebrew</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In Hebrew"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, especially Modern-Day Israelis, use several different terms, all referring to <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, including: </p> <ul><li><i>Moledet</i> (מולדת; Birth Land). The most analogous Hebrew word to the English term 'Homeland'.</li> <li><i>Erets Israel</i> (ארץ ישראל; Land of Israel). This is the most common usage.</li> <li><i>Haarets</i> (הארץ; The Land). This is used by Israelis, and Jews abroad, when making distinctions between Israel and other countries in conversation.</li> <li><i>Haarets Hamuvtachat</i> (הארץ המובטחת; The Promised Land). This is a term with historical and religious connotations.</li> <li><i>Erets Zion</i> (ארץ ציון; Land of Zion; Land of Jerusalem). Notably use in <a href="/wiki/Hatikvah" title="Hatikvah">The Israeli Anthem</a>.</li> <li><i>Erets Avot</i> (ארץ אבות; Land of the Fathers). This is a common biblical and literary usage. Equivalent to 'Fatherland'.</li> <li><i>Erets Zavat Chalav Oudvash</i> (ארץ זבת חלב ודבש; Land Flowing with Milk and Honey). This is a biblical term which is still sometimes used.</li> <li><i>Haarets Hatova</i> (הארץ הטובה; The Good Land). Originated in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Deuteronomy" title="Book of Deuteronomy">Book of Deuteronomy</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses_by_country">Uses by country</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Uses by country"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> created homelands for some minorities in the 1920s, including the <a href="/wiki/Volga_German_ASSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga German ASSR">Volga German ASSR</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Jewish Autonomous Oblast">Jewish Autonomous Oblast</a>. In the case of the Volga German ASSR, these homelands were later abolished, and their inhabitants deported to either <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> or the <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh SSR</a>.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Homeland_Security" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a> was created soon after the <a href="/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks" class="mw-redirect" title="September 11, 2001 attacks">11 September 2001, terrorist attacks</a>, as a means to centralize response to various <a href="/wiki/Imminent_threat" class="mw-redirect" title="Imminent threat">threats</a>. In a June 2002 column, <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> consultant and speechwriter <a href="/wiki/Peggy_Noonan" title="Peggy Noonan">Peggy Noonan</a> expressed the hope that the <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush_administration" class="mw-redirect" title="George W. Bush administration">Bush administration</a> would change the name of the department, writing that, "The name Homeland Security grates on a lot of people, understandably. <i>Homeland</i> isn't really an American word, it's not something we used to say or say now".<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/History_of_South_Africa_in_the_Apartheid_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="History of South Africa in the Apartheid Era">apartheid</a> era in <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, the concept was given a different meaning. The white government had designated approximately 25% of its non-desert territory for black tribal settlement. Whites and other non-blacks were restricted from owning land or settling in those areas. After 1948 they were gradually granted an increasing level of "home-rule". From 1976 several of these regions were granted independence. Four of them were declared independent nations by South Africa, but were unrecognized as independent countries by any other nation besides each other and South Africa. The territories set aside for the African inhabitants were also known as <a href="/wiki/Bantustans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantustans">bantustans</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li>In Australia, the term refers to relatively small Aboriginal settlements (referred to also as "outstations") where people with close kinship ties share lands significant to them for cultural reasons. Many such homelands are found across Western Australia, the Northern Territory, and Queensland. The <a href="/wiki/Homeland_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeland movement">homeland movement</a> gained momentum in the 1970 and 1980s. Not all homelands are permanently occupied owing to seasonal or cultural reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Much of their funding and support have been withdrawn since the 2000s.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Turkish_language" title="Turkish language">Turkish</a>, the concept of "homeland", especially in the patriotic sense, is "<i>ana vatan</i>" (lit. mother homeland), while "<i>baba ocağı</i>" (lit. father's <a href="/wiki/Hearth" title="Hearth">hearth</a>) is used to refer to one's childhood home. (Note: The Turkish word "<i>ocak</i>" has the double meaning of <i>january</i> and <i>fireplace</i>, like the Spanish "<i>hogar</i>", which can mean "home" or "hearth".)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Land_of_one's_home"><span id="Land_of_one.27s_home"></span>Land of one's home</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Land of one's home"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In some languages, there are additional words that refer specifically to the place where one is home to, but is narrower in scope than one's nation, and often have some sort of nostalgic, fantastic, heritage connection, for example: </p> <ul><li>In German language, <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de"><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">heimat</a></i></span>.</li> <li>In Japanese language, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kokyō, </i>or<i>, furusato</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">故郷</span></span>)</span>, or <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">kyōdo</i></span><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">郷土</span></span>)</span>.</li> <li>In Chinese languages, <span lang="zh-Hans">故乡</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">故鄉</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">gùxiāng</span></i> or <span lang="zh-Hans">家乡</span>; <span lang="zh-Hant">家鄉</span>; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">jiāxiāng</span></i>.</li> <li>In Vietnamese language, <span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">cố hương</i></span>.</li> <li>In Korean language, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko">고향</span></span>, <span title="Korean-language romanization"><i lang="ko-Latn">gohyang</i></span>, <span title="Korean-language text"><span lang="ko-Hani">故鄕</span></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_politics" title="Diaspora politics">Diaspora politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heimat" title="Heimat">Heimat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeland_security" title="Homeland security">Homeland security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_tongue" class="mw-redirect" title="Mother tongue">Mother tongue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separatism" title="Separatism">Separatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession" title="Secession">Secession</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/homeland">"Definition of Homeland"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+Homeland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fhomeland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPitroipa2010" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pitroipa, Abdel (14 July 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/ces-tirailleurs-senegalais-qui-ont-combattu-pour-la-france_906248.html">"Ces tirailleurs sénégalais qui ont combattu pour la France"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Express" title="L'Express">L'Express</a></i> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Express&rft.atitle=Ces+tirailleurs+s%C3%A9n%C3%A9galais+qui+ont+combattu+pour+la+France&rft.date=2010-07-14&rft.aulast=Pitroipa&rft.aufirst=Abdel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lexpress.fr%2Factualite%2Fsociete%2Fces-tirailleurs-senegalais-qui-ont-combattu-pour-la-france_906248.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBloomsbury_Publishing2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury Publishing</a> (20 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hb6OAQAAQBAJ&pg=PA97"><i>Historiae Mundi: Studies in Universal History</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/A%26C_Black" class="mw-redirect" title="A&C Black">A&C Black</a>. p. 97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781472519801" title="Special:BookSources/9781472519801"><bdi>9781472519801</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historiae+Mundi%3A+Studies+in+Universal+History&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2013-11-20&rft.isbn=9781472519801&rft.au=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhb6OAQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthon1867" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthon" title="Charles Anthon">Anthon, Charles</a> (1867). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ck0wSTQal48C&pg=PA330"><i>Eneid of Virgil</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eneid+of+Virgil&rft.date=1867&rft.aulast=Anthon&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dck0wSTQal48C%26pg%3DPA330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fatherland">"Definition of FATHERLAND"</a>. <i>merriam-webster.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+FATHERLAND&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Ffatherland&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">James, Caroline (May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2015/05/identity-crisis-motherland-fatherland/">"Identity Crisis: Motherland or Fatherland?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Dictionaries_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford Dictionaries (website)">Oxford Dictionaries</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150511021937/http://blog.oxforddictionaries.com/2015/05/identity-crisis-motherland-fatherland/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Identity+Crisis%3A+Motherland+or+Fatherland%3F&rft.btitle=Oxford+Dictionaries&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2015-05&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.oxforddictionaries.com%2F2015%2F05%2Fidentity-crisis-motherland-fatherland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wierzbicka_1997-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wierzbicka_1997_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wierzbicka_1997_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWierzbicka1997" class="citation book cs1">Wierzbicka, Anna (21 July 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6YJjY9qBv9kC&pg=PA173"><i>Understanding Cultures Through Their Key Words : English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. 173–175. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535849-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-535849-0"><bdi>978-0-19-535849-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Understanding+Cultures+Through+Their+Key+Words+%3A+English%2C+Russian%2C+Polish%2C+German%2C+and+Japanese&rft.pages=173-175&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1997-07-21&rft.isbn=978-0-19-535849-0&rft.aulast=Wierzbicka&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6YJjY9qBv9kC%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WoW-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WoW_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-WoW_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStargardt2007" class="citation book cs1">Stargardt, Nicholas (18 December 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=12PauR6bjrIC&pg=PA328"><i>Witnesses of War: Children's Lives Under the Nazis</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Knopf_Doubleday_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group">Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group</a>. p. 328. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780307430304" title="Special:BookSources/9780307430304"><bdi>9780307430304</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Witnesses+of+War%3A+Children%27s+Lives+Under+the+Nazis&rft.pages=328&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007-12-18&rft.isbn=9780307430304&rft.aulast=Stargardt&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D12PauR6bjrIC%26pg%3DPA328&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilensky2010" class="citation book cs1">Wilensky, Gabriel (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mJN8Bqvp30cC&pg=PA85"><i>Six Million Crucifixions</i></a>. QWERTY Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780984334643" title="Special:BookSources/9780984334643"><bdi>9780984334643</bdi></a>. <q>What we have to fight for is the freedom and independence of the fatherland, so that our people may be enabled to fulfill the mission assigned to it by the creator</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Six+Million+Crucifixions&rft.pub=QWERTY+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780984334643&rft.aulast=Wilensky&rft.aufirst=Gabriel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmJN8Bqvp30cC%26pg%3DPA85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=9EEEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA22">"Nazi Germany reveals official pictures of its concentration camps"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>. Vol. 7, no. 8. <a href="/wiki/Time_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Inc">Time Inc</a>. 21 August 1939. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0024-3019">0024-3019</a>. <q>There is a road to freedom. Its milestones are Obedience, Endeavor, Honesty, Order, Cleanliness, Sobriety, Truthfulness, Sacrifice, and love of the Fatherland.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Life&rft.atitle=Nazi+Germany+reveals+official+pictures+of+its+concentration+camps&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=22&rft.date=1939-08-21&rft.issn=0024-3019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9EEEAAAAMBAJ%26pg%3DPA22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_U2HsdbbDgI">Wilhelmus</a>-YouTube</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqAKJdv3fqU">Vaterland</a>-YouTube</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zpl.lt/2012/04/ziemia-ojcow/">"Ziemia Ojców"</a>. 16 April 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ziemia+Ojc%C3%B3w&rft.date=2012-04-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzpl.lt%2F2012%2F04%2Fziemia-ojcow%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160514025214/http://83.18.193.5/cku/index.php/component/content/article/244-2014-11-07-11-48-07.html">"Ziemia Ojców Naszych"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://83.18.193.5/cku/index.php/component/content/article/244-2014-11-07-11-48-07.html">the original</a> on 14 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ziemia+Ojc%C3%B3w+Naszych&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F83.18.193.5%2Fcku%2Findex.php%2Fcomponent%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F244-2014-11-07-11-48-07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoonan2002" class="citation journal cs1">Noonan, Peggy (14 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pnoonan/?id=110001838">"OpinionJournal – Peggy Noonan"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070930202405/http://www.opinionjournal.com/columnists/pnoonan/?id=110001838">Archived</a> from the original on 30 September 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=OpinionJournal+%E2%80%93+Peggy+Noonan&rft.date=2002-06-14&rft.aulast=Noonan&rft.aufirst=Peggy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opinionjournal.com%2Fcolumnists%2Fpnoonan%2F%3Fid%3D110001838&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1">"The Encyclopedia of Aboriginal Australia". 1994.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Aboriginal+Australia&rft.date=1994&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite journal requires <code class="cs1-code">|journal=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#missing_periodical" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetersonMyers2016" class="citation book cs1">Peterson, Nicolas; Myers, Fred, eds. (January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://press.anu.edu.au/publications/series/monographs-anthropology/experiments-self-determination"><i>Experiments in self-determination: Histories of the outstation movement in Australia [blurb]</i></a>. Monographs in Anthropology. ANU Press. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.22459%2FESD.01.2016">10.22459/ESD.01.2016</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781925022902" title="Special:BookSources/9781925022902"><bdi>9781925022902</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Experiments+in+self-determination%3A+Histories+of+the+outstation+movement+in+Australia+%5Bblurb%5D&rft.series=Monographs+in+Anthropology&rft.pub=ANU+Press&rft.date=2016-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.22459%2FESD.01.2016&rft.isbn=9781925022902&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.anu.edu.au%2Fpublications%2Fseries%2Fmonographs-anthropology%2Fexperiments-self-determination&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHomeland" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/29596504"><i>Landscape and Memory</i></a> by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Schama" title="Simon Schama">Simon Schama</a> (Random House, 1995)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Homeland&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110310161750/http://www.caucasus.dk/chapter2.htm#_Toc448816639">Nationalism and Ethnicity – A Theoretical Overview</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Indigenous_rights_footer" title="Template:Indigenous rights footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Indigenous_rights_footer" title="Template talk:Indigenous rights footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous_rights_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Indigenous rights footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="International_Indigenous_and_minority_rights" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">International <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_rights" title="Indigenous rights">Indigenous</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minority_rights" title="Minority rights">minority rights</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancestral_domain" title="Ancestral domain">Ancestral domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free,_prior_and_informed_consent" title="Free, prior and informed consent">Free, prior and informed consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_intellectual_property" title="Indigenous intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_land_rights" title="Indigenous land rights">Land rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_language" title="Indigenous language">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-determination" title="Self-determination">Self-determination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Australian_self-determination" title="Indigenous Australian self-determination">in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_self-government_in_Canada" title="Indigenous self-government in Canada">in Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_self-determination" title="Native American self-determination">in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_knowledge" title="Traditional knowledge">Traditional knowledge</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_ecological_knowledge" title="Traditional ecological knowledge">ecological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">medical</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_rights" title="Treaty rights">Treaty rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_treaties_in_Australia" title="Indigenous treaties in Australia">in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principles_of_the_Treaty_of_Waitangi" title="Principles of the Treaty of Waitangi">in New Zealand</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-governmental and<br /> political organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_Watch" title="Amazon Watch">Amazon Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_First_Nations" title="Assembly of First Nations">Assembly of First Nations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confederation_of_Indigenous_Nationalities_of_Ecuador" title="Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador">Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Aboriginal_Peoples" title="Congress of Aboriginal Peoples">Congress of Aboriginal Peoples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coordinator_of_Indigenous_Organizations_of_the_Amazon_River_Basin" title="Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin">Coordinator of Indigenous Organizations of the Amazon River Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Survival" title="Cultural Survival">Cultural Survival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Environmental_Network" title="Indigenous Environmental Network">Indigenous Environmental Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Peoples_Council_on_Biocolonialism" title="Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism">Indigenous Peoples Council on Biocolonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Work_Group_for_Indigenous_Affairs" title="International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs">International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Indigenous_Organization_of_Colombia" title="National Indigenous Organization of Colombia">National Indigenous Organization of Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Rights_Fund" title="Native American Rights Fund">Native American Rights Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survival_International" title="Survival International">Survival International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapatista_Army_of_National_Liberation" title="Zapatista Army of National Liberation">Zapatista Army of National Liberation</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_indigenous_rights_organizations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of indigenous rights organizations"><i>more ...</i></a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civilizing_mission" title="Civilizing mission">Civilizing mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonialism" title="Colonialism">Colonialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Internal_colonialism" title="Internal colonialism">Internal colonialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Settler_colonialism" title="Settler colonialism">Settler colonialism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopiracy" title="Biopiracy">Biopiracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bioprospecting" title="Bioprospecting">Bioprospecting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_appropriation" title="Cultural appropriation">Cultural appropriation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_mascot_controversy" title="Native American mascot controversy">Sports mascots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redface" title="Redface">Redface</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dakota_Access_Pipeline_protests" title="Dakota Access Pipeline protests">Dakota Access Pipeline protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_doctrine" title="Discovery doctrine">Discovery doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_conservation" title="Fortress conservation">Fortress conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_grabbing" title="Green grabbing">Green grabbing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Homeland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lands_inhabited_by_indigenous_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples">Lands inhabited by indigenous peoples</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bantustan" title="Bantustan">Bantustan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_okrugs_of_Russia" title="Autonomous okrugs of Russia">Autonomous okrugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">American Indian reservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_colony" title="Indian colony">Indian colony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reserve" title="Indian reserve">Indian reserve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancher%C3%ADa" title="Ranchería">Ranchería</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rancherie" title="Rancherie">Rancherie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republics_of_Russia" title="Republics of Russia">Russian republics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_Indian_reserve" title="Urban Indian reserve">Urban Indian reserve</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifest_destiny" title="Manifest destiny">Manifest destiny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_shaman" title="Plastic shaman">Plastic shaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legend_of_the_Rainbow_Warriors" title="Legend of the Rainbow Warriors">Rainbow Warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-spirit" title="Two-spirit">Two-spirit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal representation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governmental<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Aotearoa-New Zealand <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Te_Puni_K%C5%8Dkiri" title="Te Puni Kōkiri">Te Puni Kōkiri</a></li></ul></li> <li>Brazil <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Nacional_do_%C3%8Dndio" class="mw-redirect" title="Fundação Nacional do Índio">Fundação Nacional do Índio</a></li></ul></li> <li>Canada <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Northern_Affairs_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada">Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="National Institute of Indigenous Peoples">National Institute of Indigenous Peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li>Philippines <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Commission_on_Indigenous_Peoples_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Commission on Indigenous Peoples (Philippines)">National Commission on Indigenous Peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li>Russia <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_for_the_Development_of_the_Russian_Far_East_and_Arctic" title="Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic">Ministry for the Development of the Russian Far East and Arctic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Bashkortostan" title="Government of Bashkortostan">Government of Bashkortostan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Sakha_Republic" title="Government of the Sakha Republic">Government of the Sakha Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Tatarstan" title="Government of Tatarstan">Government of Tatarstan</a></li></ul></li> <li>Taiwan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Council of Indigenous Peoples">Council of Indigenous Peoples</a></li></ul></li> <li>US <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs" title="Bureau of Indian Affairs">Bureau of Indian Affairs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intergovernmental<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>African Union <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arctic_Council" title="Arctic Council">Arctic Council</a></li> <li>WIPO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intergovernmental_Committee_on_Intellectual_Property_and_Genetic_Resources,_Traditional_Knowledge_and_Folklore" title="Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore">Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge, and Folklore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Seas_Treaty" title="High Seas Treaty">BBNJ ABS Committee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous-led<br />international<br />bodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Permanent_Forum_on_Indigenous_Issues" title="United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues">UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_Caucus" title="Indigenous Caucus">Indigenous Caucus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Treaties and<br />Declarations of Rights</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_and_Tribal_Peoples_Convention,_1989" title="Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989">Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention (ILO C169)</a></li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Biological_Diversity" title="Convention on Biological Diversity">Convention on Biological Diversity</a></li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Indigenous_Peoples" title="Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples">UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)</a></li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/Nagoya_Protocol" title="Nagoya Protocol">Nagoya Protocol</a> on <a href="/wiki/Access_and_Benefit_Sharing_Agreement" title="Access and Benefit Sharing Agreement">Fair Access and Benefit-Sharing</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Declaration_on_the_Rights_of_Peasants" title="United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Peasants">UN Declaration on the Rights of Peasants (UNDROP)</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/High_Seas_Treaty" title="High Seas Treaty">High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement)</a></li> <li>2024: <a href="/wiki/WIPO_Treaty_on_Intellectual_Property,_Genetic_Resources_and_Associated_Traditional_Knowledge" title="WIPO Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge">Treaty on Intellectual Property, Genetic Resources and Associated Traditional Knowledge (GRATK)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chechen%E2%80%93Russian_conflict" title="Chechen–Russian conflict">Chechen–Russian conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Civil War">Sri Lankan Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Peruvian_political_crisis" title="2009 Peruvian political crisis">2009 Peruvian political crisis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alta_controversy" title="Alta controversy">Alta controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiapas_conflict" title="Chiapas conflict">Chiapas conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_of_the_Chagossians" title="Expulsion of the Chagossians">Expulsion of the Chagossians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Arctic_relocation" title="High Arctic relocation">High Arctic relocation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Tibet" title="Human rights in Tibet">Human rights in Tibet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_removal" title="Indian removal">Indian removal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Danes_experiment" title="Little Danes experiment">Little Danes experiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oka_Crisis" title="Oka Crisis">Oka Crisis</a></li> <li>Residential schools <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Indian_residential_school_system" title="Canadian Indian residential school system">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_schools" title="Native schools">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Bantu_Education" title="Department of Bantu Education">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_boarding_schools" title="American Indian boarding schools">United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amazon_rubber_boom" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon rubber boom">Rubber boom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Beers#Forceful_relocation_of_indigenous_Bushman_people_in_Botswana" title="De Beers">San controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stolen_Generations" title="Stolen Generations">Stolen Generations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Uyghurs_in_China" title="Persecution of Uyghurs in China">Persecution of Uyghurs in China</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Indigenous_rights" title="Category:Indigenous rights"><b>Indigenous rights</b></a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Minority_rights" title="Category:Minority rights"><b>Minority rights</b></a></li></ul> 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