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id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by James Liszka</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="93408050"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/93408050/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96154016/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/93408050/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative">Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Peircean Semiotics</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">William James argued what is commonly thought: 'To say that all human thinking is essentially of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">William James argued what is commonly thought: 'To say that all human thinking is essentially of two kinds-reasoning on the one hand, and narrative, descriptive, contemplative thinking on the other-is to say only what every reader's experience will corroborate' (1983: 2). This opinion is strongly reinforced by the psychologist, Jerome Bruner: There are two modes of cognitive functioning, two modes of thought, each providing distinctive ways of ordering experience, of constructing reality. The two (though complementary) are irreducible to one another. .. Each of the ways of knowing, moreover, has operating principles of its own and its own criteria of well-formedness. They differ radically in their procedure for verification. A good story and a well-formed argument are different natural kinds. 1986: 11 We aim to show that this severe distinction between reasoning and narrative may not be entirely warranted. The distinction has already been called into question to a certain extent by Thomas Sebeok, Jean Umiker-Sebeok and Nancy Harrowitz, who have shown how characters in the detective genre, such as Sherlock Holmes and C. Auguste Dupin, use abduction in solving cases (1983). However, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not limited to the thinking of detective characters or the detective genre. The argument here is that one type of scientific reasoning-what Charles Peirce called abductionis a key factor in explaining how narratives-particularly in regard to plot-are constructed and read. We begin with a summary of Peirce's concept of abduction, followed by a review of the work of Sebeok, Umiker-Sebeok and Harrowitz on abduction and 35914.indb 205 17/04/2019 16:21 35914.indb 206 17/04/2019 16:21 Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative 207 with a new abduction. As Peirce explains this cycle, once a hypothesis has been formed through abduction: That which is to be done with the hypothesis is to trace outs its consequences by deduction, to compare them with results of experiment by induction, and to discard the hypothesis, and try another, as soon as the first has been refuted; as it presumably will be. CP 7.220, c. 1901 One of the better, more mature formulations of abduction is the following: The surprising fact, C, is observed But if A were true, C would be a matter of course Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true (CP 5.189, 1903). As Peirce explains: Abduction makes its start from the facts, without, at the outset, having any particular theory in view, though it is motivated by the feeling that a theory is needed to explain the surprising facts. Induction makes its start from a hypothesis which seems to recommend itself, without at the outset having any particular facts in view, though it feels the need of facts to support the theory. Abduction seeks a theory. Induction seeks for facts. In induction the study of the hypothesis suggests the experiments which bring to light the very facts to which the hypothesis had pointed. CP 7.218, 1901 Abduction is contextual since scientists already work in the context of a set of hypotheses and theories about the world. As experiment and testing of these hypotheses go on, the results often produce anomalies, puzzles and generate problems that need solving. It is a weak form of inference, more like guesswork or surmise (CP 2.625, 1878). ' Abduction is, after all, nothing but good guessing' , Peirce says (CP 7.219, 1901). These days, most thinkers accept abduction in some form as a crucial part of scientific reasoning (Harré 1988; Psillos 2000; Lipton 2004). Gilbert Harman called it 'the inference to best explanation' , although he thought that the better explanation among alternatives would be a warrant for the truth of the hypothesis (1965). Much of current accounts of abduction also take up this position (Douven, 2017; Schupack and Springer, 2011; Schurz, 2008). Although Peirce sometimes gives an account of abduction that lends itself to that view (CP 5.189, 1903), Peirce would certainly reject Harman's claim. As William McCauliffe points out, Peirce's abduction is not a method to determine the truth of a hypothesis, but to determine whether the 35914.indb 207 17/04/2019 16:21</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de518cabcaabc2f6b38c410d7e91229a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":96154016,"asset_id":93408050,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96154016/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="93408050"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="93408050"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93408050; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93408050]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93408050]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93408050; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='93408050']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "de518cabcaabc2f6b38c410d7e91229a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=93408050]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":93408050,"title":"Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Bloomsbury Academic","grobid_abstract":"William James argued what is commonly thought: 'To say that all human thinking is essentially of two kinds-reasoning on the one hand, and narrative, descriptive, contemplative thinking on the other-is to say only what every reader's experience will corroborate' (1983: 2). This opinion is strongly reinforced by the psychologist, Jerome Bruner: There are two modes of cognitive functioning, two modes of thought, each providing distinctive ways of ordering experience, of constructing reality. The two (though complementary) are irreducible to one another. .. Each of the ways of knowing, moreover, has operating principles of its own and its own criteria of well-formedness. They differ radically in their procedure for verification. A good story and a well-formed argument are different natural kinds. 1986: 11 We aim to show that this severe distinction between reasoning and narrative may not be entirely warranted. The distinction has already been called into question to a certain extent by Thomas Sebeok, Jean Umiker-Sebeok and Nancy Harrowitz, who have shown how characters in the detective genre, such as Sherlock Holmes and C. Auguste Dupin, use abduction in solving cases (1983). However, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not limited to the thinking of detective characters or the detective genre. The argument here is that one type of scientific reasoning-what Charles Peirce called abductionis a key factor in explaining how narratives-particularly in regard to plot-are constructed and read. We begin with a summary of Peirce's concept of abduction, followed by a review of the work of Sebeok, Umiker-Sebeok and Harrowitz on abduction and 35914.indb 205 17/04/2019 16:21 35914.indb 206 17/04/2019 16:21 Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative 207 with a new abduction. As Peirce explains this cycle, once a hypothesis has been formed through abduction: That which is to be done with the hypothesis is to trace outs its consequences by deduction, to compare them with results of experiment by induction, and to discard the hypothesis, and try another, as soon as the first has been refuted; as it presumably will be. CP 7.220, c. 1901 One of the better, more mature formulations of abduction is the following: The surprising fact, C, is observed But if A were true, C would be a matter of course Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true (CP 5.189, 1903). As Peirce explains: Abduction makes its start from the facts, without, at the outset, having any particular theory in view, though it is motivated by the feeling that a theory is needed to explain the surprising facts. Induction makes its start from a hypothesis which seems to recommend itself, without at the outset having any particular facts in view, though it feels the need of facts to support the theory. Abduction seeks a theory. Induction seeks for facts. In induction the study of the hypothesis suggests the experiments which bring to light the very facts to which the hypothesis had pointed. CP 7.218, 1901 Abduction is contextual since scientists already work in the context of a set of hypotheses and theories about the world. As experiment and testing of these hypotheses go on, the results often produce anomalies, puzzles and generate problems that need solving. It is a weak form of inference, more like guesswork or surmise (CP 2.625, 1878). ' Abduction is, after all, nothing but good guessing' , Peirce says (CP 7.219, 1901). These days, most thinkers accept abduction in some form as a crucial part of scientific reasoning (Harré 1988; Psillos 2000; Lipton 2004). Gilbert Harman called it 'the inference to best explanation' , although he thought that the better explanation among alternatives would be a warrant for the truth of the hypothesis (1965). Much of current accounts of abduction also take up this position (Douven, 2017; Schupack and Springer, 2011; Schurz, 2008). Although Peirce sometimes gives an account of abduction that lends itself to that view (CP 5.189, 1903), Peirce would certainly reject Harman's claim. As William McCauliffe points out, Peirce's abduction is not a method to determine the truth of a hypothesis, but to determine whether the 35914.indb 207 17/04/2019 16:21","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2020,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Peircean Semiotics","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":96154016},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/93408050/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-12-21T05:14:45.422-08:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":17730220,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":96154016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96154016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_Final_Proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96154016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96154016/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_Final_Proofs-libre.pdf?1671629627=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1738794390\u0026Signature=YgJugJ1s~JtGgbmV1agBG9eS~9EctY5CYo~4zYQJkoPw~bRl1zlr3E0C~fMg97nGY85IziBw9I2G8F9GpqyhAGdTxxNB64enEu7BaCW8-ojfooIxkERnYFCtFEwhXmYGm3-FO4DIWI97dbwNFGKBwWUer5j6fGp8IqA-filMcCu4qbewIKy0gHDKK5aFc5BBayvcrw4T8N06Vh~xxYj6M4QMVJ1V7IbIKSmLpnp~bqfJj5zYZegfuOCsSsfBxqcMk4q079DVkTstGxitkmnpgfeMD8lsgx3sgEl5Ld2MBzRwWyOs~V0E0zWtHBXLuWQ4u5Pw86sGASwB42J1XQOXgA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative","translated_slug":"","page_count":30,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","summary":"William James argued what is commonly thought: 'To say that all human thinking is essentially of two kinds-reasoning on the one hand, and narrative, descriptive, contemplative thinking on the other-is to say only what every reader's experience will corroborate' (1983: 2). This opinion is strongly reinforced by the psychologist, Jerome Bruner: There are two modes of cognitive functioning, two modes of thought, each providing distinctive ways of ordering experience, of constructing reality. The two (though complementary) are irreducible to one another. .. Each of the ways of knowing, moreover, has operating principles of its own and its own criteria of well-formedness. They differ radically in their procedure for verification. A good story and a well-formed argument are different natural kinds. 1986: 11 We aim to show that this severe distinction between reasoning and narrative may not be entirely warranted. The distinction has already been called into question to a certain extent by Thomas Sebeok, Jean Umiker-Sebeok and Nancy Harrowitz, who have shown how characters in the detective genre, such as Sherlock Holmes and C. Auguste Dupin, use abduction in solving cases (1983). However, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not limited to the thinking of detective characters or the detective genre. The argument here is that one type of scientific reasoning-what Charles Peirce called abductionis a key factor in explaining how narratives-particularly in regard to plot-are constructed and read. We begin with a summary of Peirce's concept of abduction, followed by a review of the work of Sebeok, Umiker-Sebeok and Harrowitz on abduction and 35914.indb 205 17/04/2019 16:21 35914.indb 206 17/04/2019 16:21 Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative 207 with a new abduction. As Peirce explains this cycle, once a hypothesis has been formed through abduction: That which is to be done with the hypothesis is to trace outs its consequences by deduction, to compare them with results of experiment by induction, and to discard the hypothesis, and try another, as soon as the first has been refuted; as it presumably will be. CP 7.220, c. 1901 One of the better, more mature formulations of abduction is the following: The surprising fact, C, is observed But if A were true, C would be a matter of course Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true (CP 5.189, 1903). As Peirce explains: Abduction makes its start from the facts, without, at the outset, having any particular theory in view, though it is motivated by the feeling that a theory is needed to explain the surprising facts. Induction makes its start from a hypothesis which seems to recommend itself, without at the outset having any particular facts in view, though it feels the need of facts to support the theory. Abduction seeks a theory. Induction seeks for facts. In induction the study of the hypothesis suggests the experiments which bring to light the very facts to which the hypothesis had pointed. CP 7.218, 1901 Abduction is contextual since scientists already work in the context of a set of hypotheses and theories about the world. As experiment and testing of these hypotheses go on, the results often produce anomalies, puzzles and generate problems that need solving. It is a weak form of inference, more like guesswork or surmise (CP 2.625, 1878). ' Abduction is, after all, nothing but good guessing' , Peirce says (CP 7.219, 1901). These days, most thinkers accept abduction in some form as a crucial part of scientific reasoning (Harré 1988; Psillos 2000; Lipton 2004). Gilbert Harman called it 'the inference to best explanation' , although he thought that the better explanation among alternatives would be a warrant for the truth of the hypothesis (1965). Much of current accounts of abduction also take up this position (Douven, 2017; Schupack and Springer, 2011; Schurz, 2008). Although Peirce sometimes gives an account of abduction that lends itself to that view (CP 5.189, 1903), Peirce would certainly reject Harman's claim. As William McCauliffe points out, Peirce's abduction is not a method to determine the truth of a hypothesis, but to determine whether the 35914.indb 207 17/04/2019 16:21","owner":{"id":17730220,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Liszka","page_name":"JLiszka","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-10-01T01:49:04.328-07:00","display_name":"James Liszka","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JLiszka"},"attachments":[{"id":96154016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96154016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_Final_Proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96154016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96154016/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_Final_Proofs-libre.pdf?1671629627=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1738794390\u0026Signature=YgJugJ1s~JtGgbmV1agBG9eS~9EctY5CYo~4zYQJkoPw~bRl1zlr3E0C~fMg97nGY85IziBw9I2G8F9GpqyhAGdTxxNB64enEu7BaCW8-ojfooIxkERnYFCtFEwhXmYGm3-FO4DIWI97dbwNFGKBwWUer5j6fGp8IqA-filMcCu4qbewIKy0gHDKK5aFc5BBayvcrw4T8N06Vh~xxYj6M4QMVJ1V7IbIKSmLpnp~bqfJj5zYZegfuOCsSsfBxqcMk4q079DVkTstGxitkmnpgfeMD8lsgx3sgEl5Ld2MBzRwWyOs~V0E0zWtHBXLuWQ4u5Pw86sGASwB42J1XQOXgA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="93408049"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/93408049/How_Signs_Convey_Information"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How Signs Convey Information" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96153936/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/93408049/How_Signs_Convey_Information">How Signs Convey Information</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chinese Semiotic Studies</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In his early work, Peirce characterizes information in its ordinary sense as an increase in factu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In his early work, Peirce characterizes information in its ordinary sense as an increase in factual knowledge, and is concerned to show how it can be expressed propositionally. However, beginning in 1893, and culminating in work done in 1906, Peirce conceives of information more abstractly as linked to the “form” in the object, and the sign more broadly as the communication of form. I argue that these more abstract and broader notions of sign and information have two advantages. First, they provide a basis and explanation for how meaning can emerge from non-meaningful processes. Second, they allow for a wider application of Peirce’s sign theory to all living organisms, as well as non-organic communication processes, such as message transmission and computer operation. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91452212"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91452212/Liszka_Pragmatism_and_the_Ethic_of_Meliorism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Liszka Pragmatism and the Ethic of Meliorism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94736265/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91452212/Liszka_Pragmatism_and_the_Ethic_of_Meliorism">Liszka Pragmatism and the Ethic of Meliorism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The founding pragmatists were meliorists, arguing for the possibility of improvement in the human...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The founding pragmatists were meliorists, arguing for the possibility of improvement in the human condition. At the same time, they did not think that progress was something inevitable. It was constrained by a tragic order that would prevent any movement toward a utopian ideal and could always lead to regress. Because they could not abide the notion of an absolute, pre-determined sense of the good, they did not subscribe to a moral perfectionism as well. Instead, Peirce, James and Dewey argued in different ways that progress was made through the correction of error and the solution of problems as they presented in the experiments of life. Thinkers sympathetic to this understanding of the pragmatist tradition, such as James Wallace, Frederick Will, Larry Laudan and Philip Kitcher, build on these insights. The aim of this article is to show how the work of these thinkers provides the basis for a problem-based ethic that can assist in determining what changes to the practices and institutions of practical life can count as progressive or regressive.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9f1354883c84f0ef780266da455fd12a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94736265,"asset_id":91452212,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94736265/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91452212"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91452212"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91452212; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91437750"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91437750/How_Signs_Convey_Information"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How Signs Convey Information" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94725971/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91437750/How_Signs_Convey_Information">How Signs Convey Information</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chinese Semiotic Studies</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In his early work, Peirce characterizes information in its ordinary sense as an increase in factu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In his early work, Peirce characterizes information in its ordinary sense as an increase in factual knowledge, and is concerned to show how it can be expressed propositionally. However, beginning in 1893, and culminating in work done in 1906, Peirce conceives of information more abstractly as linked to the "form" in the object, and the sign more broadly as the communication of form. I argue that these more abstract and broader notions of sign and information have two advantages. First, they provide a basis and explanation for how meaning can emerge from non-meaningful processes. Second, they allow for a wider application of Peirce's sign theory to all living organisms, as well as non-organic communication processes, such as message transmission and computer operation. By separating information from meaning, the details of Peirce's semiotic theory can remove some of the mystery of how meaning emerges in the semiotic process.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c74aa32d4b0c95fa19280b3df14cd9df" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94725971,"asset_id":91437750,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94725971/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91437750"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91437750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91437750; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91437173"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91437173/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_proofed"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative proofed" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94725529/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91437173/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_proofed">Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative proofed</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Peircean Semiotics. (Ed.) Tony Jappy. London: Bloomsbury Press,</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not limited to the thinking of detective characters or the detective genre. The argument here is that one type of scientific reasoning – what Charles Peirce called abduction –  is a key factor in explaining how narratives – particularly in regard to plot – are constructed and read.<br />We begin with a summary of Peirce’s concept of abduction, followed by a review of the work of Sebeok, Umiker-Sebeok and Harrowitz on abduction and<br /> <br /><br /><br />206 Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Peircean Semiotics<br /><br />the detective genre. Next, we analyse how the insights of narratology and reader- response theory point to the abductive features of narrative. We then look at abduction and narrative in two types of examples, the medical case study and the short story. A study by Ronald Schleifer and Jerry Vannatta shows how abductive thinking in medical diagnoses is itself narrative in character and tied to patients’ stories about their symptoms (2006). Two short stories by H.G. Wells, who was educated in the scientific method by Thomas Huxley, explicitly narrativize scientific reasoning and school the reader on good abductive thinking. These examples challenge the conceptual boundary between ‘story’ and ‘argument’, showing that abduction and narrative are much more interconnected, and that abduction is not simply illustrative of the sort of thinking typical of brilliant detective characters.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="247f34c5d909c92b96152a522b111880" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94725529,"asset_id":91437173,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94725529/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91437173"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91437173"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91437173; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74797818"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797818/Peirces_New_Rhetoric"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Peirce's New Rhetoric" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94726334/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797818/Peirces_New_Rhetoric">Peirce's New Rhetoric</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The dispute between rhetoric and philosophy is as old as the one between poetry and philosophy (c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The dispute between rhetoric and philosophy is as old as the one between poetry and philosophy (cf. Plato, Phaedrus 266). The history of logic in particular has been one of interesting divisions of labor and struggles of power between rhetoric and logic. Yet, for most contemporary mainstream philosophers brought up on turn-of-the-century logic paradigms, this dispute has settled into a disinterest in logic’s sister art. Peirce’s semiotic, I think, encourages us to revisit this dispute and, in fact, suggests an interesting resolution, a  “new rhetoric,” that could have appeal to the traditional concerns of both logic and rhetoric. Although it is only developed programmatically, Peirce’s rhetoric concerns the practice of inquiry, and calls for an integration of rhetoric and logic on that basis, one which could possibly transform both disciplines in a fruitful way.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2a8dd3fcf4144fea9cc1883059ca36c2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94726334,"asset_id":74797818,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94726334/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74797818"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74797818"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74797818; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74797817"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797817/A_General_Introduction_to_the_Semeiotic_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of Charles Sanders Peirce" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82818792/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797817/A_General_Introduction_to_the_Semeiotic_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce">A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of Charles Sanders Peirce</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Teaching Philosophy</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c1a61507efd320a622dfc0c8ba23ca14" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82818792,"asset_id":74797817,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82818792/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74797817"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74797817"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74797817; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74797803"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797803/A_est%C3%A9tica_de_Peirce_como_uma_ci%C3%AAncia_dos_fins_ideais"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A estética de Peirce como uma ciência dos fins ideais" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82818772/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797803/A_est%C3%A9tica_de_Peirce_como_uma_ci%C3%AAncia_dos_fins_ideais">A estética de Peirce como uma ciência dos fins ideais</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cognitio: Revista de Filosofia</span><span>, Feb 3, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is argued here that the best interpretation of Peirce's esthetics is as a normative science of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is argued here that the best interpretation of Peirce's esthetics is as a normative science of ideal ends. Peirce's influences in this regard include Plato's notion of kalos, Friedrich Schiller's The Aesthetic Education of Man, and Kant's notion of architectonic. Based primarily on drafts of the Minute Logic in 1902 and the Harvard Lectures of 1903, the essential features of a normative science are discussed and the relation of esthetics to the other two normative sciences of logic and ethics is analyzed. Peirce's concept of esthetic goodness is explicated, and the criteria for what he counts as a summum bonum is examined. Peirce's own formulations of the summum bonum are analyzed, including his notion of concrete reasonableness, but also an interesting account of ultimate ideals, found in a manuscript fragment in 1903. The paper ends with a discussion between what is called Peirce's positive and negative esthetics, understood as two different approaches to the formulation of ideal ends.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57ea0e6b4b5d44b73339e1f169294661" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82818772,"asset_id":74797803,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82818772/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74797803"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74797803"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74797803; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="70544859"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/70544859/Re_Thinking_the_Pragmatic_Theory_of_Meaning_Repensando_a_Teoria_Pragma_tica_do_Significado"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Re-Thinking the Pragmatic Theory of Meaning Repensando a Teoria Pragmática do Significado" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80253051/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/70544859/Re_Thinking_the_Pragmatic_Theory_of_Meaning_Repensando_a_Teoria_Pragma_tica_do_Significado">Re-Thinking the Pragmatic Theory of Meaning Repensando a Teoria Pragmática do Significado</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A close reading of Peirce’s pragmatic maxim shows a correlation between meaning and purpose. If t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A close reading of Peirce’s pragmatic maxim shows a correlation between meaning and purpose. If the meaning of a concept, proposition or hypothesis is clarified by formulating its practical effects, those also can be articulated as practical maxims. To the extent that the hypotheses or propositions upon which they are based are true, practical maxims recommend reliable courses of action. This can be translated into a broader claim of an integral relation between semiosis and goal-directed or teleological systems. Any goal-directed system, to be propagating, must be capable of coordinating the information in its internal or endergonic processes with exergonic information found in its environment. Signs are critical links between these two sources of information and must also serve as steering mechanisms for that system as well. If signs detected or represented information in the environments without using that information to steer the system, it would have no practical effect on the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7b4713fe75c0a1bd478527fe2790fb94" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80253051,"asset_id":70544859,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80253051/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="70544859"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70544859"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70544859; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51421281"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421281/The_problematics_of_truth_and_solidarity_in_Peirce_s_rhetoric"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The problematics of truth and solidarity in Peirce’s rhetoric" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94726470/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421281/The_problematics_of_truth_and_solidarity_in_Peirce_s_rhetoric">The problematics of truth and solidarity in Peirce’s rhetoric</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Semiotica</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A strong case can be made that Peirce’s formal rhetoric is primarily a theory of inquiry. Peirce’...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A strong case can be made that Peirce’s formal rhetoric is primarily a theory of inquiry. Peirce’s convergence theory of truth requires a community of inquiry enduring indefinitely over time. Such a community, then, must promote “solidarity” in Peirce’s terms, a consistent practice of cooperation among inquirers over generations. One of the tasks of his formal rhetoric, then, is to analyze the conditions for solidarity. Using Peirce’s framework of a belief-desire model for practical action, solidarity can be promoted if there are commonly desired ends and a consensus of beliefs about the best means to attain those ends in inquiry. Peirce recognizes, however, that the community of inquiry is constituted with different types of inquirers who have different purposes for inquiry. He divides them among the “pure” theoretical scientists, applied scientists and practical inquirers – the general public – who are interested in the practical applications that can bring betterment to their liv...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c6a1b55f901ee4806ef6ec81c38d417" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94726470,"asset_id":51421281,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94726470/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421281"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421281"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421281; 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Peirce Society</span><span>, Oct 1, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kai Nielsen provides a worthy challenge to the challenge of postmodernism, the direction of which...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kai Nielsen provides a worthy challenge to the challenge of postmodernism, the direction of which I agree with in the main. I understand his position to be as follows: postmodernism has successfully undermined the notion of foundationalism essential to modernist thought; pragmatism, in the form of fellibilism, has also done so. However, the antifoundationalism of Peirce&#x27;s pragmatism is to be preferred to the antifoundationalism of postmodernism because the former still allows the idea that a right method, when properly employed, promotes ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421270"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421270; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51421270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51421270]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421270; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='51421270']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=51421270]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":51421270,"title":"Good and Bad Foundationalism: A Response to Nielsen","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51421270/Good_and_Bad_Foundationalism_A_Response_to_Nielsen","owner_id":17730220,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":17730220,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Liszka","page_name":"JLiszka","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-10-01T01:49:04.328-07:00","display_name":"James Liszka","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JLiszka"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51421269"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421269/Peirce_s_Revolutionary_Concept_of_Rhetoric"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Peirce’s Revolutionary Concept of Rhetoric" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/69153684/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421269/Peirce_s_Revolutionary_Concept_of_Rhetoric">Peirce’s Revolutionary Concept of Rhetoric</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Presented at Applying Peirce Conference. University of Helsinki. June</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In an earlier work, I attempted to show that Peirce&#x27;s critical logic–that is, his theory of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In an earlier work, I attempted to show that Peirce&#x27;s critical logic–that is, his theory of inference–was ultimately dependent upon his universal rhetoric, that is, his theory of inquiry (Liszka, 1996, pp. 75–77). Since the validity of the three principal types of inference–abduction, deduction, and induction–rested on the validity of its leading principles (CP 2.463), and all three leading principles required appeal to an indefinite community and practice of inquiry, then a universal rhetoric explicating the features of inquiry was ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74d9241c44723623d3bd728d7bf3d3ef" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":69153684,"asset_id":51421269,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69153684/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421269"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421269"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421269; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51421263"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421263/Peirce_s_Convergence_Theory_of_Truth_Redux"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Peirce’s Convergence Theory of Truth Redux" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/69153678/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421263/Peirce_s_Convergence_Theory_of_Truth_Redux">Peirce’s Convergence Theory of Truth Redux</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cognitio: Revista de Filosofia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A teoria convergente da verdade de Peirce é uma abordagem intuitiva e razoável da verdade. No seu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A teoria convergente da verdade de Peirce é uma abordagem intuitiva e razoável da verdade. No seu sentido mais geral, vincula a verdade aos resultados da investigação. De acordo com a máxima pragmática, Peirce percebeu que as consequências práticas de afirmações verdadeiras são de trazer investigações à fruição e resolver opinião. No entanto, a teoria da verdade de Peirce é muitas vezes difamada e mal-entendida. Argumenta-se, aqui, que uma vez que se entende que a teoria convergente é uma inferência e generalização oriunda do notável teorema matemático conhecido como a Lei dos Grandes Números, e como esse teorema fornece certeza matemática à indução como o cerne do método científico, muitos dos problemas desaparecem. Parte do mal-entendido também se deve ao fato que Peirce tinha três sentidos distintos de convergência, os quais muitos comentadores confundem ou interpretam erroneamente. 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JJ Liszka SEMIOTICA-LA HAYE THEN BERLIN- 145:1/41/4, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Another look at Morris&amp;#x27;s semiotic. JJ Liszka SEMIOTICA-LA HAYE THEN BERLIN- 145:1/41/4, 217-234, WALTER DE GRUYTER &amp;amp; CO, 2003.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421260"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421260"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421260; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51421260]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51421260]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421260; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='51421260']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=51421260]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":51421260,"title":"Another look at Morriss semiotic","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51421260/Another_look_at_Morriss_semiotic","owner_id":17730220,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":17730220,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Liszka","page_name":"JLiszka","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-10-01T01:49:04.328-07:00","display_name":"James Liszka","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JLiszka"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51421256"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421256/El_significado_y_las_tres_condiciones_esenciales_del_signo"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of El significado y las tres condiciones esenciales del signo" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421256/El_significado_y_las_tres_condiciones_esenciales_del_signo">El significado y las tres condiciones esenciales del signo</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Analogía</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">RefDoc Bienvenue - Welcome. Refdoc est un service / is powered by. ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421256"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421256"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421256; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51421256]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51421256]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421256; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='51421256']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=51421256]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":51421256,"title":"El significado y las tres condiciones esenciales del signo","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51421256/El_significado_y_las_tres_condiciones_esenciales_del_signo","owner_id":17730220,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":17730220,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Liszka","page_name":"JLiszka","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-10-01T01:49:04.328-07:00","display_name":"James Liszka","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JLiszka"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="11239978" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="93408050"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/93408050/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96154016/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/93408050/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative">Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Peircean Semiotics</span><span>, 2020</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">William James argued what is commonly thought: 'To say that all human thinking is essentially of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">William James argued what is commonly thought: 'To say that all human thinking is essentially of two kinds-reasoning on the one hand, and narrative, descriptive, contemplative thinking on the other-is to say only what every reader's experience will corroborate' (1983: 2). This opinion is strongly reinforced by the psychologist, Jerome Bruner: There are two modes of cognitive functioning, two modes of thought, each providing distinctive ways of ordering experience, of constructing reality. The two (though complementary) are irreducible to one another. .. Each of the ways of knowing, moreover, has operating principles of its own and its own criteria of well-formedness. They differ radically in their procedure for verification. A good story and a well-formed argument are different natural kinds. 1986: 11 We aim to show that this severe distinction between reasoning and narrative may not be entirely warranted. The distinction has already been called into question to a certain extent by Thomas Sebeok, Jean Umiker-Sebeok and Nancy Harrowitz, who have shown how characters in the detective genre, such as Sherlock Holmes and C. Auguste Dupin, use abduction in solving cases (1983). However, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not limited to the thinking of detective characters or the detective genre. The argument here is that one type of scientific reasoning-what Charles Peirce called abductionis a key factor in explaining how narratives-particularly in regard to plot-are constructed and read. We begin with a summary of Peirce's concept of abduction, followed by a review of the work of Sebeok, Umiker-Sebeok and Harrowitz on abduction and 35914.indb 205 17/04/2019 16:21 35914.indb 206 17/04/2019 16:21 Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative 207 with a new abduction. As Peirce explains this cycle, once a hypothesis has been formed through abduction: That which is to be done with the hypothesis is to trace outs its consequences by deduction, to compare them with results of experiment by induction, and to discard the hypothesis, and try another, as soon as the first has been refuted; as it presumably will be. CP 7.220, c. 1901 One of the better, more mature formulations of abduction is the following: The surprising fact, C, is observed But if A were true, C would be a matter of course Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true (CP 5.189, 1903). As Peirce explains: Abduction makes its start from the facts, without, at the outset, having any particular theory in view, though it is motivated by the feeling that a theory is needed to explain the surprising facts. Induction makes its start from a hypothesis which seems to recommend itself, without at the outset having any particular facts in view, though it feels the need of facts to support the theory. Abduction seeks a theory. Induction seeks for facts. In induction the study of the hypothesis suggests the experiments which bring to light the very facts to which the hypothesis had pointed. CP 7.218, 1901 Abduction is contextual since scientists already work in the context of a set of hypotheses and theories about the world. As experiment and testing of these hypotheses go on, the results often produce anomalies, puzzles and generate problems that need solving. It is a weak form of inference, more like guesswork or surmise (CP 2.625, 1878). ' Abduction is, after all, nothing but good guessing' , Peirce says (CP 7.219, 1901). These days, most thinkers accept abduction in some form as a crucial part of scientific reasoning (Harré 1988; Psillos 2000; Lipton 2004). Gilbert Harman called it 'the inference to best explanation' , although he thought that the better explanation among alternatives would be a warrant for the truth of the hypothesis (1965). Much of current accounts of abduction also take up this position (Douven, 2017; Schupack and Springer, 2011; Schurz, 2008). Although Peirce sometimes gives an account of abduction that lends itself to that view (CP 5.189, 1903), Peirce would certainly reject Harman's claim. As William McCauliffe points out, Peirce's abduction is not a method to determine the truth of a hypothesis, but to determine whether the 35914.indb 207 17/04/2019 16:21</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="de518cabcaabc2f6b38c410d7e91229a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":96154016,"asset_id":93408050,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96154016/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="93408050"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="93408050"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93408050; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93408050]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=93408050]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 93408050; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='93408050']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "de518cabcaabc2f6b38c410d7e91229a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=93408050]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":93408050,"title":"Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"Bloomsbury Academic","grobid_abstract":"William James argued what is commonly thought: 'To say that all human thinking is essentially of two kinds-reasoning on the one hand, and narrative, descriptive, contemplative thinking on the other-is to say only what every reader's experience will corroborate' (1983: 2). This opinion is strongly reinforced by the psychologist, Jerome Bruner: There are two modes of cognitive functioning, two modes of thought, each providing distinctive ways of ordering experience, of constructing reality. The two (though complementary) are irreducible to one another. .. Each of the ways of knowing, moreover, has operating principles of its own and its own criteria of well-formedness. They differ radically in their procedure for verification. A good story and a well-formed argument are different natural kinds. 1986: 11 We aim to show that this severe distinction between reasoning and narrative may not be entirely warranted. The distinction has already been called into question to a certain extent by Thomas Sebeok, Jean Umiker-Sebeok and Nancy Harrowitz, who have shown how characters in the detective genre, such as Sherlock Holmes and C. Auguste Dupin, use abduction in solving cases (1983). However, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not limited to the thinking of detective characters or the detective genre. The argument here is that one type of scientific reasoning-what Charles Peirce called abductionis a key factor in explaining how narratives-particularly in regard to plot-are constructed and read. We begin with a summary of Peirce's concept of abduction, followed by a review of the work of Sebeok, Umiker-Sebeok and Harrowitz on abduction and 35914.indb 205 17/04/2019 16:21 35914.indb 206 17/04/2019 16:21 Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative 207 with a new abduction. As Peirce explains this cycle, once a hypothesis has been formed through abduction: That which is to be done with the hypothesis is to trace outs its consequences by deduction, to compare them with results of experiment by induction, and to discard the hypothesis, and try another, as soon as the first has been refuted; as it presumably will be. CP 7.220, c. 1901 One of the better, more mature formulations of abduction is the following: The surprising fact, C, is observed But if A were true, C would be a matter of course Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true (CP 5.189, 1903). As Peirce explains: Abduction makes its start from the facts, without, at the outset, having any particular theory in view, though it is motivated by the feeling that a theory is needed to explain the surprising facts. Induction makes its start from a hypothesis which seems to recommend itself, without at the outset having any particular facts in view, though it feels the need of facts to support the theory. Abduction seeks a theory. Induction seeks for facts. In induction the study of the hypothesis suggests the experiments which bring to light the very facts to which the hypothesis had pointed. CP 7.218, 1901 Abduction is contextual since scientists already work in the context of a set of hypotheses and theories about the world. As experiment and testing of these hypotheses go on, the results often produce anomalies, puzzles and generate problems that need solving. It is a weak form of inference, more like guesswork or surmise (CP 2.625, 1878). ' Abduction is, after all, nothing but good guessing' , Peirce says (CP 7.219, 1901). These days, most thinkers accept abduction in some form as a crucial part of scientific reasoning (Harré 1988; Psillos 2000; Lipton 2004). Gilbert Harman called it 'the inference to best explanation' , although he thought that the better explanation among alternatives would be a warrant for the truth of the hypothesis (1965). Much of current accounts of abduction also take up this position (Douven, 2017; Schupack and Springer, 2011; Schurz, 2008). Although Peirce sometimes gives an account of abduction that lends itself to that view (CP 5.189, 1903), Peirce would certainly reject Harman's claim. 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This opinion is strongly reinforced by the psychologist, Jerome Bruner: There are two modes of cognitive functioning, two modes of thought, each providing distinctive ways of ordering experience, of constructing reality. The two (though complementary) are irreducible to one another. .. Each of the ways of knowing, moreover, has operating principles of its own and its own criteria of well-formedness. They differ radically in their procedure for verification. A good story and a well-formed argument are different natural kinds. 1986: 11 We aim to show that this severe distinction between reasoning and narrative may not be entirely warranted. The distinction has already been called into question to a certain extent by Thomas Sebeok, Jean Umiker-Sebeok and Nancy Harrowitz, who have shown how characters in the detective genre, such as Sherlock Holmes and C. Auguste Dupin, use abduction in solving cases (1983). However, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not limited to the thinking of detective characters or the detective genre. The argument here is that one type of scientific reasoning-what Charles Peirce called abductionis a key factor in explaining how narratives-particularly in regard to plot-are constructed and read. We begin with a summary of Peirce's concept of abduction, followed by a review of the work of Sebeok, Umiker-Sebeok and Harrowitz on abduction and 35914.indb 205 17/04/2019 16:21 35914.indb 206 17/04/2019 16:21 Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative 207 with a new abduction. As Peirce explains this cycle, once a hypothesis has been formed through abduction: That which is to be done with the hypothesis is to trace outs its consequences by deduction, to compare them with results of experiment by induction, and to discard the hypothesis, and try another, as soon as the first has been refuted; as it presumably will be. CP 7.220, c. 1901 One of the better, more mature formulations of abduction is the following: The surprising fact, C, is observed But if A were true, C would be a matter of course Hence, there is reason to suspect that A is true (CP 5.189, 1903). As Peirce explains: Abduction makes its start from the facts, without, at the outset, having any particular theory in view, though it is motivated by the feeling that a theory is needed to explain the surprising facts. Induction makes its start from a hypothesis which seems to recommend itself, without at the outset having any particular facts in view, though it feels the need of facts to support the theory. Abduction seeks a theory. Induction seeks for facts. In induction the study of the hypothesis suggests the experiments which bring to light the very facts to which the hypothesis had pointed. CP 7.218, 1901 Abduction is contextual since scientists already work in the context of a set of hypotheses and theories about the world. As experiment and testing of these hypotheses go on, the results often produce anomalies, puzzles and generate problems that need solving. It is a weak form of inference, more like guesswork or surmise (CP 2.625, 1878). ' Abduction is, after all, nothing but good guessing' , Peirce says (CP 7.219, 1901). These days, most thinkers accept abduction in some form as a crucial part of scientific reasoning (Harré 1988; Psillos 2000; Lipton 2004). Gilbert Harman called it 'the inference to best explanation' , although he thought that the better explanation among alternatives would be a warrant for the truth of the hypothesis (1965). Much of current accounts of abduction also take up this position (Douven, 2017; Schupack and Springer, 2011; Schurz, 2008). Although Peirce sometimes gives an account of abduction that lends itself to that view (CP 5.189, 1903), Peirce would certainly reject Harman's claim. As William McCauliffe points out, Peirce's abduction is not a method to determine the truth of a hypothesis, but to determine whether the 35914.indb 207 17/04/2019 16:21","owner":{"id":17730220,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Liszka","page_name":"JLiszka","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-10-01T01:49:04.328-07:00","display_name":"James Liszka","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JLiszka"},"attachments":[{"id":96154016,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96154016/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_Final_Proofs.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/96154016/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/96154016/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_Final_Proofs-libre.pdf?1671629627=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAbduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1738794390\u0026Signature=YgJugJ1s~JtGgbmV1agBG9eS~9EctY5CYo~4zYQJkoPw~bRl1zlr3E0C~fMg97nGY85IziBw9I2G8F9GpqyhAGdTxxNB64enEu7BaCW8-ojfooIxkERnYFCtFEwhXmYGm3-FO4DIWI97dbwNFGKBwWUer5j6fGp8IqA-filMcCu4qbewIKy0gHDKK5aFc5BBayvcrw4T8N06Vh~xxYj6M4QMVJ1V7IbIKSmLpnp~bqfJj5zYZegfuOCsSsfBxqcMk4q079DVkTstGxitkmnpgfeMD8lsgx3sgEl5Ld2MBzRwWyOs~V0E0zWtHBXLuWQ4u5Pw86sGASwB42J1XQOXgA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology"},{"id":2852,"name":"Narrative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narrative"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="93408049"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/93408049/How_Signs_Convey_Information"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How Signs Convey Information" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/96153936/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/93408049/How_Signs_Convey_Information">How Signs Convey Information</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chinese Semiotic Studies</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In his early work, Peirce characterizes information in its ordinary sense as an increase in factu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In his early work, Peirce characterizes information in its ordinary sense as an increase in factual knowledge, and is concerned to show how it can be expressed propositionally. However, beginning in 1893, and culminating in work done in 1906, Peirce conceives of information more abstractly as linked to the “form” in the object, and the sign more broadly as the communication of form. I argue that these more abstract and broader notions of sign and information have two advantages. First, they provide a basis and explanation for how meaning can emerge from non-meaningful processes. Second, they allow for a wider application of Peirce’s sign theory to all living organisms, as well as non-organic communication processes, such as message transmission and computer operation. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91452212"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91452212/Liszka_Pragmatism_and_the_Ethic_of_Meliorism"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Liszka Pragmatism and the Ethic of Meliorism" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94736265/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91452212/Liszka_Pragmatism_and_the_Ethic_of_Meliorism">Liszka Pragmatism and the Ethic of Meliorism</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Journal of Pragmatism and American Philosophy</span><span>, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The founding pragmatists were meliorists, arguing for the possibility of improvement in the human...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The founding pragmatists were meliorists, arguing for the possibility of improvement in the human condition. At the same time, they did not think that progress was something inevitable. It was constrained by a tragic order that would prevent any movement toward a utopian ideal and could always lead to regress. Because they could not abide the notion of an absolute, pre-determined sense of the good, they did not subscribe to a moral perfectionism as well. Instead, Peirce, James and Dewey argued in different ways that progress was made through the correction of error and the solution of problems as they presented in the experiments of life. Thinkers sympathetic to this understanding of the pragmatist tradition, such as James Wallace, Frederick Will, Larry Laudan and Philip Kitcher, build on these insights. The aim of this article is to show how the work of these thinkers provides the basis for a problem-based ethic that can assist in determining what changes to the practices and institutions of practical life can count as progressive or regressive.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="9f1354883c84f0ef780266da455fd12a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94736265,"asset_id":91452212,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94736265/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91452212"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91452212"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91452212; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91437750"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91437750/How_Signs_Convey_Information"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of How Signs Convey Information" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94725971/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91437750/How_Signs_Convey_Information">How Signs Convey Information</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Chinese Semiotic Studies</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In his early work, Peirce characterizes information in its ordinary sense as an increase in factu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In his early work, Peirce characterizes information in its ordinary sense as an increase in factual knowledge, and is concerned to show how it can be expressed propositionally. However, beginning in 1893, and culminating in work done in 1906, Peirce conceives of information more abstractly as linked to the "form" in the object, and the sign more broadly as the communication of form. I argue that these more abstract and broader notions of sign and information have two advantages. First, they provide a basis and explanation for how meaning can emerge from non-meaningful processes. Second, they allow for a wider application of Peirce's sign theory to all living organisms, as well as non-organic communication processes, such as message transmission and computer operation. By separating information from meaning, the details of Peirce's semiotic theory can remove some of the mystery of how meaning emerges in the semiotic process.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c74aa32d4b0c95fa19280b3df14cd9df" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94725971,"asset_id":91437750,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94725971/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91437750"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91437750"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91437750; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91437173"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91437173/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_proofed"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative proofed" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94725529/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91437173/Abduction_as_an_Explanatory_Strategy_in_Narrative_proofed">Abduction as an Explanatory Strategy in Narrative proofed</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>The Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Peircean Semiotics. (Ed.) Tony Jappy. London: Bloomsbury Press,</span><span>, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">, we want to argue that abductive reasoning plays a fundamental role in all narratives and is not limited to the thinking of detective characters or the detective genre. The argument here is that one type of scientific reasoning – what Charles Peirce called abduction –  is a key factor in explaining how narratives – particularly in regard to plot – are constructed and read.<br />We begin with a summary of Peirce’s concept of abduction, followed by a review of the work of Sebeok, Umiker-Sebeok and Harrowitz on abduction and<br /> <br /><br /><br />206 Bloomsbury Companion to Contemporary Peircean Semiotics<br /><br />the detective genre. Next, we analyse how the insights of narratology and reader- response theory point to the abductive features of narrative. We then look at abduction and narrative in two types of examples, the medical case study and the short story. A study by Ronald Schleifer and Jerry Vannatta shows how abductive thinking in medical diagnoses is itself narrative in character and tied to patients’ stories about their symptoms (2006). Two short stories by H.G. Wells, who was educated in the scientific method by Thomas Huxley, explicitly narrativize scientific reasoning and school the reader on good abductive thinking. These examples challenge the conceptual boundary between ‘story’ and ‘argument’, showing that abduction and narrative are much more interconnected, and that abduction is not simply illustrative of the sort of thinking typical of brilliant detective characters.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="247f34c5d909c92b96152a522b111880" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94725529,"asset_id":91437173,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94725529/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91437173"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91437173"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91437173; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74797818"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797818/Peirces_New_Rhetoric"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Peirce's New Rhetoric" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94726334/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797818/Peirces_New_Rhetoric">Peirce's New Rhetoric</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society</span><span>, 2000</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The dispute between rhetoric and philosophy is as old as the one between poetry and philosophy (c...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The dispute between rhetoric and philosophy is as old as the one between poetry and philosophy (cf. Plato, Phaedrus 266). The history of logic in particular has been one of interesting divisions of labor and struggles of power between rhetoric and logic. Yet, for most contemporary mainstream philosophers brought up on turn-of-the-century logic paradigms, this dispute has settled into a disinterest in logic’s sister art. Peirce’s semiotic, I think, encourages us to revisit this dispute and, in fact, suggests an interesting resolution, a  “new rhetoric,” that could have appeal to the traditional concerns of both logic and rhetoric. Although it is only developed programmatically, Peirce’s rhetoric concerns the practice of inquiry, and calls for an integration of rhetoric and logic on that basis, one which could possibly transform both disciplines in a fruitful way.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="2a8dd3fcf4144fea9cc1883059ca36c2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94726334,"asset_id":74797818,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94726334/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74797818"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74797818"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74797818; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74797817"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797817/A_General_Introduction_to_the_Semeiotic_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of Charles Sanders Peirce" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82818792/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797817/A_General_Introduction_to_the_Semeiotic_of_Charles_Sanders_Peirce">A General Introduction to the Semeiotic of Charles Sanders Peirce</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Teaching Philosophy</span><span>, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c1a61507efd320a622dfc0c8ba23ca14" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82818792,"asset_id":74797817,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82818792/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74797817"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74797817"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74797817; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="74797803"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797803/A_est%C3%A9tica_de_Peirce_como_uma_ci%C3%AAncia_dos_fins_ideais"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A estética de Peirce como uma ciência dos fins ideais" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/82818772/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/74797803/A_est%C3%A9tica_de_Peirce_como_uma_ci%C3%AAncia_dos_fins_ideais">A estética de Peirce como uma ciência dos fins ideais</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cognitio: Revista de Filosofia</span><span>, Feb 3, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">It is argued here that the best interpretation of Peirce's esthetics is as a normative science of...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">It is argued here that the best interpretation of Peirce's esthetics is as a normative science of ideal ends. Peirce's influences in this regard include Plato's notion of kalos, Friedrich Schiller's The Aesthetic Education of Man, and Kant's notion of architectonic. Based primarily on drafts of the Minute Logic in 1902 and the Harvard Lectures of 1903, the essential features of a normative science are discussed and the relation of esthetics to the other two normative sciences of logic and ethics is analyzed. Peirce's concept of esthetic goodness is explicated, and the criteria for what he counts as a summum bonum is examined. Peirce's own formulations of the summum bonum are analyzed, including his notion of concrete reasonableness, but also an interesting account of ultimate ideals, found in a manuscript fragment in 1903. The paper ends with a discussion between what is called Peirce's positive and negative esthetics, understood as two different approaches to the formulation of ideal ends.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="57ea0e6b4b5d44b73339e1f169294661" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":82818772,"asset_id":74797803,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82818772/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74797803"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74797803"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74797803; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="70544859"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/70544859/Re_Thinking_the_Pragmatic_Theory_of_Meaning_Repensando_a_Teoria_Pragma_tica_do_Significado"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Re-Thinking the Pragmatic Theory of Meaning Repensando a Teoria Pragmática do Significado" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/80253051/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/70544859/Re_Thinking_the_Pragmatic_Theory_of_Meaning_Repensando_a_Teoria_Pragma_tica_do_Significado">Re-Thinking the Pragmatic Theory of Meaning Repensando a Teoria Pragmática do Significado</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A close reading of Peirce’s pragmatic maxim shows a correlation between meaning and purpose. If t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A close reading of Peirce’s pragmatic maxim shows a correlation between meaning and purpose. If the meaning of a concept, proposition or hypothesis is clarified by formulating its practical effects, those also can be articulated as practical maxims. To the extent that the hypotheses or propositions upon which they are based are true, practical maxims recommend reliable courses of action. This can be translated into a broader claim of an integral relation between semiosis and goal-directed or teleological systems. Any goal-directed system, to be propagating, must be capable of coordinating the information in its internal or endergonic processes with exergonic information found in its environment. Signs are critical links between these two sources of information and must also serve as steering mechanisms for that system as well. If signs detected or represented information in the environments without using that information to steer the system, it would have no practical effect on the ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7b4713fe75c0a1bd478527fe2790fb94" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":80253051,"asset_id":70544859,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/80253051/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="70544859"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="70544859"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 70544859; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51421281"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421281/The_problematics_of_truth_and_solidarity_in_Peirce_s_rhetoric"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The problematics of truth and solidarity in Peirce’s rhetoric" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94726470/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421281/The_problematics_of_truth_and_solidarity_in_Peirce_s_rhetoric">The problematics of truth and solidarity in Peirce’s rhetoric</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Semiotica</span><span>, 2018</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A strong case can be made that Peirce’s formal rhetoric is primarily a theory of inquiry. Peirce’...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A strong case can be made that Peirce’s formal rhetoric is primarily a theory of inquiry. Peirce’s convergence theory of truth requires a community of inquiry enduring indefinitely over time. Such a community, then, must promote “solidarity” in Peirce’s terms, a consistent practice of cooperation among inquirers over generations. One of the tasks of his formal rhetoric, then, is to analyze the conditions for solidarity. Using Peirce’s framework of a belief-desire model for practical action, solidarity can be promoted if there are commonly desired ends and a consensus of beliefs about the best means to attain those ends in inquiry. Peirce recognizes, however, that the community of inquiry is constituted with different types of inquirers who have different purposes for inquiry. He divides them among the “pure” theoretical scientists, applied scientists and practical inquirers – the general public – who are interested in the practical applications that can bring betterment to their liv...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c6a1b55f901ee4806ef6ec81c38d417" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94726470,"asset_id":51421281,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94726470/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421281"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421281"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421281; 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Peirce Society</span><span>, Oct 1, 1993</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kai Nielsen provides a worthy challenge to the challenge of postmodernism, the direction of which...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kai Nielsen provides a worthy challenge to the challenge of postmodernism, the direction of which I agree with in the main. I understand his position to be as follows: postmodernism has successfully undermined the notion of foundationalism essential to modernist thought; pragmatism, in the form of fellibilism, has also done so. However, the antifoundationalism of Peirce&#x27;s pragmatism is to be preferred to the antifoundationalism of postmodernism because the former still allows the idea that a right method, when properly employed, promotes ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421270"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421270"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421270; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51421270]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51421270]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421270; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='51421270']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=51421270]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":51421270,"title":"Good and Bad Foundationalism: A Response to Nielsen","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/51421270/Good_and_Bad_Foundationalism_A_Response_to_Nielsen","owner_id":17730220,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":17730220,"first_name":"James","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Liszka","page_name":"JLiszka","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-10-01T01:49:04.328-07:00","display_name":"James Liszka","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JLiszka"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51421269"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421269/Peirce_s_Revolutionary_Concept_of_Rhetoric"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Peirce’s Revolutionary Concept of Rhetoric" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/69153684/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421269/Peirce_s_Revolutionary_Concept_of_Rhetoric">Peirce’s Revolutionary Concept of Rhetoric</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Presented at Applying Peirce Conference. University of Helsinki. June</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In an earlier work, I attempted to show that Peirce&#x27;s critical logic–that is, his theory of ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In an earlier work, I attempted to show that Peirce&#x27;s critical logic–that is, his theory of inference–was ultimately dependent upon his universal rhetoric, that is, his theory of inquiry (Liszka, 1996, pp. 75–77). Since the validity of the three principal types of inference–abduction, deduction, and induction–rested on the validity of its leading principles (CP 2.463), and all three leading principles required appeal to an indefinite community and practice of inquiry, then a universal rhetoric explicating the features of inquiry was ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="74d9241c44723623d3bd728d7bf3d3ef" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":69153684,"asset_id":51421269,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69153684/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421269"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421269"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421269; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="51421263"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421263/Peirce_s_Convergence_Theory_of_Truth_Redux"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Peirce’s Convergence Theory of Truth Redux" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/69153678/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/51421263/Peirce_s_Convergence_Theory_of_Truth_Redux">Peirce’s Convergence Theory of Truth Redux</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Cognitio: Revista de Filosofia</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A teoria convergente da verdade de Peirce é uma abordagem intuitiva e razoável da verdade. No seu...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A teoria convergente da verdade de Peirce é uma abordagem intuitiva e razoável da verdade. No seu sentido mais geral, vincula a verdade aos resultados da investigação. De acordo com a máxima pragmática, Peirce percebeu que as consequências práticas de afirmações verdadeiras são de trazer investigações à fruição e resolver opinião. No entanto, a teoria da verdade de Peirce é muitas vezes difamada e mal-entendida. Argumenta-se, aqui, que uma vez que se entende que a teoria convergente é uma inferência e generalização oriunda do notável teorema matemático conhecido como a Lei dos Grandes Números, e como esse teorema fornece certeza matemática à indução como o cerne do método científico, muitos dos problemas desaparecem. Parte do mal-entendido também se deve ao fato que Peirce tinha três sentidos distintos de convergência, os quais muitos comentadores confundem ou interpretam erroneamente. Com esse entendimento, será mostrado que ao contrário das análises de Cheryl Misak e Christopher H...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c4ac43027898ad0326bdae1faa62cf86" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":69153678,"asset_id":51421263,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69153678/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="51421263"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="51421263"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 51421263; 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JJ Liszka SEMIOTICA-LA HAYE THEN BERLIN- 145:1/41/4, ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Another look at Morris&amp;#x27;s semiotic. 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First, he was concerned about the use of science in the Gilded Age, where industry, business and laboratory now co-mingled to a degree not seen before. He worried this might corrupt the purpose of science as truth-seeking inquiry (</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="fec20f48fec950d2fd044cd60aeb63a2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94736778,"asset_id":91452925,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94736778/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91452925"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91452925"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91452925; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="91452414"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/91452414/PRAGMATIST_ETHICS_AS_A_MELIORISTIC_PROBLEM_BASED_APPROACH_TO_MORALITY"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PRAGMATIST ETHICS AS A MELIORISTIC, PROBLEM-BASED APPROACH TO MORALITY" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/94736424/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/91452414/PRAGMATIST_ETHICS_AS_A_MELIORISTIC_PROBLEM_BASED_APPROACH_TO_MORALITY">PRAGMATIST ETHICS AS A MELIORISTIC, PROBLEM-BASED APPROACH TO MORALITY</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>European Pragmatism Conference</span><span>, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Although there are variants of utilitarianism, deontology, contractualist, virtue and care ethics...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Although there are variants of utilitarianism, deontology, contractualist, virtue and care ethics, each of these moral theories seem well-defined. Not so much for pragmatist ethics (Serra, 2010, p. 100). Most philosophers know the gist of these mainstream ethical theories but even pragmatists are hard-pressed to provide a well-defined account of pragmatist ethics.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="e201ca4d32701dc6de2053f0bcd788dc" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":94736424,"asset_id":91452414,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/94736424/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="91452414"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="91452414"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 91452414; 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