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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Old_Town" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Old_Town"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Old Town</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Old_Town-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1962_electromagnetic_pulse_incident" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1962_electromagnetic_pulse_incident"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>1962 electromagnetic pulse incident</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1962_electromagnetic_pulse_incident-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Late_20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Late_20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>Late 20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Late_20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-21st_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#21st_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>21st century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-21st_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2019_archaeological_findings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019_archaeological_findings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>2019 archaeological findings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019_archaeological_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2023_Kostenko_mine_fire" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2023_Kostenko_mine_fire"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>2023 Kostenko mine fire</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2023_Kostenko_mine_fire-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Monuments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Parks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_residents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_residents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notable residents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_residents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sister_cities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sister_cities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sister cities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sister_cities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Karaganda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 94 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-94" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">94 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="كارقندا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كارقندا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BF%D5%A1" title="Քարականտա – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քարականտա" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagand%C3%A1" title="Karagandá – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Karagandá" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Къарагъанда – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Къарагъанда" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaqanda" title="Karaqanda – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Karaqanda" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%A0%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Ҡарағанды – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Ҡарағанды" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagandi" title="Karagandi – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Karagandi" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Харганата – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Харганата" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharagand%C3%AD" title="Kharagandí – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Kharagandí" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagandy_(kapital_sa_lalawigan)" title="Karagandy (kapital sa lalawigan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Karagandy (kapital sa lalawigan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraghandy" title="Qaraghandy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Qaraghandy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagand%C3%B5" title="Karagandõ – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Karagandõ" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%BA%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B1" title="Καραγκάντα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Καραγκάντα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagand%C3%A1" title="Karagandá – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Karagandá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagando" title="Karagando – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Karagando" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagandy" title="Karagandy – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Karagandy" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="قراغندی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قراغندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagandi" title="Karagandi – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Karagandi" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C4%9Fand%C4%B1" title="Qarağandı – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Qarağandı" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%9D%BC%EA%B0%84%EB%8B%A4" title="카라간다 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카라간다" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1" title="Կարագանդա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կարագանդա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C4%9Fand%C4%B1" title="Qarağandı – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Qarağandı" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagandy" title="Karagandy – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Karagandy" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99" title="קראגנדי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קראגנדי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%93%E1%83%90" title="ყარაღანდა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ყარაღანდა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Қарағанды – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қарағанды" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Караганды – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Караганды" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaghandi" title="Karaghandi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Karaghandi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Къарагъанда – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Къарагъанда" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagandi_(telep%C3%BCl%C3%A9s)" title="Karagandi (település) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Karagandi (település)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BE" title="कारागंडा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कारागंडा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%89" title="قراجندى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="قراجندى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Караганды – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Караганды" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Харганат – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Харганат" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%A9%E3%82%AC%E3%83%B3%E3%83%80" title="カラガンダ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カラガンダ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qarag%CA%BBandi" title="Qaragʻandi – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Qaragʻandi" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80" title="ਕਾਰਾਗੰਡੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕਾਰਾਗੰਡੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="قاراغاندی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="قاراغاندی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%86%D8%AF" title="قراغند – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="قراغند" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Komi-Permyak" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="Komi-Permyak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C4%9Fand%C4%B1" title="Qarağandı – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Qarağandı" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C7%B5and%C4%B1" title="Qaraǵandı – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Qaraǵandı" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qara%C4%9Fand%C4%B1" title="Qarağandı – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Qarağandı" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%95%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Караҕанды – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Караҕанды" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Караганди – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Караганди" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaraghandy" title="Qaraghandy – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Qaraghandy" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%86%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD" title="คาราฆันเดอ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="คาราฆันเดอ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Қарағандӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Қарағандӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara%C4%9Fand%C4%B1" title="Karağandı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Karağandı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garaganda" title="Garaganda – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Garaganda" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="Караганда – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Караганда" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="قاراغاندی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="قاراغاندی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagandi" title="Karagandi – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Karagandi" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karagandy" title="Karagandy – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Karagandy" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B9%B2%E8%BE%BE" title="卡拉干达 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="卡拉干达" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B9%B2%E9%81%94" title="卡拉干達 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="卡拉干達" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%8B%89%E5%B9%B2%E9%81%94" title="卡拉干達 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡拉干達" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaganda" title="Karaganda – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Karaganda" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q484706#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Karaganda&params=49_48_10_N_73_06_20_E_region:KZ_type:city(497777)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°48′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°06′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.80278°N 73.10556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.80278; 73.10556</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Karagandy Region, Kazakhstan</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Qaraghandy Region, Kazakhstan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px 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.ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Karagandy</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="kk">Қарағанды<br />Qarağandy</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of cities in Kazakhstan">City</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/117px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/176px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/234px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div>From the top, Palace of Culture at night, Karaganda Catholic Cathedral, Karaganda Orthodox Church</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_Karaganda,_Kazakhstan.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Official seal of Karagandy"><img alt="Official seal of Karagandy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Seal_of_Karaganda%2C_Kazakhstan.png/98px-Seal_of_Karaganda%2C_Kazakhstan.png" decoding="async" width="98" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Seal_of_Karaganda%2C_Kazakhstan.png/147px-Seal_of_Karaganda%2C_Kazakhstan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Seal_of_Karaganda%2C_Kazakhstan.png/196px-Seal_of_Karaganda%2C_Kazakhstan.png 2x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="274" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Seal</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:280px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:280px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:280px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Karagandy is located in Kazakhstan"><img alt="Karagandy is located in Kazakhstan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg/280px-Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="280" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg/420px-Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg/560px-Kazakhstan_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1984" data-file-height="1134" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:38.733%;left:64.537%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Karagandy"><img alt="Karagandy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;top:4px;left:-3em"><div>Karagandy</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Kazakhstan</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Karaganda&params=49_48_10_N_73_06_20_E_region:KZ_type:city(497777)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">49°48′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°06′20″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">49.80278°N 73.10556°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">49.80278; 73.10556</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries of the world">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Kazakhstan" title="Regions of Kazakhstan">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Qaraghandy_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaraghandy Region">Qaraghandy Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1931</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Akim <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mayor" title="Mayor">mayor</a>)</small></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meiram_Kozhukhov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meiram Kozhukhov (page does not exist)">Meiram Kozhukhov</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">497.8 km<sup>2</sup> (192.2 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">546 m (1,791 ft)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2020)<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">497,777</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">1,000/km<sup>2</sup> (2,600/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5">UTC+5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_Kazakhstan" title="Time in Kazakhstan">Time in Kazakhstan</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_code" title="Postal code">Postal code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">100000 - 100030</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">+7 7212</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">M and 09 (region)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Climate</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Humid_continental_climate#Mild/cool_summer_subtype" title="Humid continental climate">Dfb</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://karaganda-akimat.gov.kz/">karaganda-akimat<wbr />.gov<wbr />.kz</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karaganda</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Караганда</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[kərəɡɐnˈda]</a></span>), also known as <b>Karagandy</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Караганды</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ru-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian" title="Help:IPA/Russian">[kərəɡɐnˈdɨ]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a>: <span lang="kk">Қарағанды / Qarağandy</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="kk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Kazakh" title="Help:IPA/Kazakh">[qɑrɑˌʁɑnˈdə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/6\/63\/Kk-karagandy.ogg\/Kk-karagandy.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Kk-karagandy.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/63/Kk-karagandy.ogg/Kk-karagandy.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Kk-karagandy.ogg" title="File:Kk-karagandy.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>) (also sometimes romanized as Qaraghandy), is the capital of <a href="/wiki/Karaganda_Region" title="Karaganda Region">Karaganda Region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. It is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_most_populous_cities_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of most populous cities in Kazakhstan">fifth most populous city in Kazakhstan</a>, behind <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a> (Alma-Ata), <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Eymkent" class="mw-redirect" title="Şymkent">Shymkent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aktobe" title="Aktobe">Aktobe</a>. The city has a population of 497,777 as of the 2020 Census results;<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up from 459,778 (2009 Census results);<sup id="cite_ref-kz2009Census_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kz2009Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> up from 436,864 (1999 Census results).<sup id="cite_ref-kz2009Census_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kz2009Census-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Karaganda is approximately 230 km (140 mi) southeast of Kazakhstan's capital city of Astana. </p><p>The city has been a major center for <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">coal mining</a> throughout much of its modern history, and experienced major growth during the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> as its coal industry developed. Coal mining remains a significant part of the city's economy. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name <i>Karaganda</i> is <a href="/wiki/Etymology" title="Etymology">derived from</a> "<a href="/wiki/Caragana" title="Caragana">caragana</a>" bushes (<i><a href="/wiki/Caragana_arborescens" title="Caragana arborescens">Caragana arborescens</a></i>, <i>Caragana frutex</i>), which are abundant in the area.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Old_Town">Old Town</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Old Town"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0)_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%29_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/255px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%29_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg" decoding="async" width="255" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%29_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/383px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%29_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%29_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg/510px-%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%98%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B0_%28%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%29_%D1%81_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>Saint Joseph Cathedral</figcaption></figure> <p>Modern-day Karaganda dates back to 1833, when local shepherd <a href="/w/index.php?title=Appak_Baizhanov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Appak Baizhanov (page does not exist)">Appak Baizhanov</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2,_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA" class="extiw" title="ru:Байжанов, Аппак">ru</a>]</span> allegedly found coal on the site of the city, prompting a coal mining boom.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 30">: 30 </span></sup> By the late 19th century, the local mines had attracted workers from nearby villages, Russian merchants, and entrepreneurs from France and England.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After this initial boom, the mines were abandoned, but are often still labeled on <a href="/wiki/City_map" title="City map">city maps</a> as the "Old Town", but almost nothing remains on that site.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the late 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> <a href="/wiki/Geologist" title="Geologist">geologists</a> examined the region's coal deposits, prompting Soviet authorities to establish the Karaganda Coal Trust, and plan for the creation of coal mines and a mining town in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 25">: 25 </span></sup> Planners set out to create a dozen coal mines, and drafted blueprints for a city to house an estimated 40,000 workers.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 25">: 25 </span></sup> Coal mining in the area resumed in 1930, and temporary structures were built for miners and their families.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new area for the city was to the south of the initial mines.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Initially, Karaganda suffered from an inadequate amount of supplies, and living conditions in the settlement were often poor.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 25–26">: 25–26 </span></sup> In 1930, coal production was below expectations.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 26">: 26 </span></sup> In February 1931, the area was connected via <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">railroad</a>, bringing in a wealth of supplies and highly-qualified personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 26">: 26 </span></sup> Later that year, <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> officials established the <a href="/wiki/Karlag" title="Karlag">Karlag Prison</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 26">: 26 </span></sup> Upon the establishment of the Karlag Prison, authorities began to import labor into the region en masse.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 26">: 26 </span></sup> During the 1930s, the area experienced rapid growth.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">: 17 </span></sup> In 1931, Karaganda was incorporated as a village, and in 1934, was declared a city.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Led by planner <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Ivanovich_Kuznetsov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander Ivanovich Kuznetsov (page does not exist)">Alexander Ivanovich Kuznetsov</a>, <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_planning" title="Comprehensive planning">masters plans</a> for Karaganda were laid out from 1934 until 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Purge" title="Great Purge">Stalinist purges</a>, peoples from many different nationalities, including <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chechens" title="Chechens">Chechens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ingush_people" title="Ingush people">Ingush</a>, <a href="/wiki/Greeks" title="Greeks">Greeks</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a> were sent to Karlag.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1939, Karaganda had a population of about 100,000, about half of which were prisoners.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 17">: 17 </span></sup> </p><p>In the 1940s, up to 70% of the city's inhabitants were ethnic <a href="/wiki/Germans" title="Germans">Germans</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Most of the <a href="/wiki/Germans_of_Kazakhstan" title="Germans of Kazakhstan">ethnic Germans</a> were Soviet <a href="/wiki/Volga_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Volga German">Volga Germans</a> who were collectively deported to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> and Kazakhstan on <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Stalin's</a> order when <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Hitler</a> invaded <a href="/wiki/Kresy" title="Kresy">Soviet-annexed eastern Poland</a> and the Soviet Union proper in 1941.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Until the 1950s, many of these deportees were interned in labor camps, often simply because they were of German descent.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The population of Karaganda fell by 14% from 1989 to 1999 following the dissolution of the Soviet Union; it was once Kazakhstan's second-largest city after Almaty.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Over 100,000 people have since emigrated to <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>. There is also a concentration of <a href="/wiki/Poles_in_Kazakhstan" title="Poles in Kazakhstan">ethnic Poles</a> in the city.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Kennedy" title="Robert F. Kennedy">Robert F. Kennedy</a> (later <a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney_General" title="United States Attorney General">US Attorney General</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">US Senator</a>), alongside <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">US Supreme Court</a> Justice <a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">William O. Douglas</a>, visited "five Soviet Central Asian Republics": <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tadzhikistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kirghizia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. While on the six week trip (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Bukhara" title="Bukhara">Bukhara</a>, 300 to 1 mosque after Soviet rule),<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (October 2022)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> his biographers reported that their delegation was not allowed to visit the city of Karaganda which was one of the sites of the most notorious <a href="/wiki/Labor_camp" title="Labor camp">labor camps</a> within the confines of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. The delegation was diverted to <a href="/wiki/Siberia" title="Siberia">Siberia</a> after four denials of visas.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="1962_electromagnetic_pulse_incident">1962 electromagnetic pulse incident</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1962 electromagnetic pulse incident"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%AE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%AE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.JPG/255px-%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%AE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.JPG" decoding="async" width="255" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%AE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.JPG/383px-%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%AE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%AE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.JPG/510px-%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC_%D0%AE%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>Nurken Abdirov Street at the corner of Gogol Street.</figcaption></figure> <p>Karaganda suffered the most severe <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_electromagnetic_pulse" title="Nuclear electromagnetic pulse">electromagnetic pulse</a> effects ever observed when its electrical <a href="/wiki/Power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Power plant">power plant</a> was set on fire by currents induced in a 1,000 km (620 mi) long shallow buried <a href="/wiki/Electric_power_transmission" title="Electric power transmission">power cable</a> by Soviet Test ‘184’ on 22 October 1962.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The test was part of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Project_K_nuclear_tests" title="Soviet Project K nuclear tests">Soviet Project K nuclear tests</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anti-ballistic_missile" title="Anti-ballistic missile">ABM System A</a> proof tests), and consisted of a 300-<a href="/wiki/Kiloton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiloton">kiloton</a> <a href="/wiki/High-altitude_nuclear_explosion" title="High-altitude nuclear explosion">high-altitude nuclear explosion</a> at an altitude of 290 km (180 mi) over <a href="/wiki/Zhezkazgan" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhezkazgan">Zhezkazgan</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Prompt <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma ray</a>-produced EMP induced a current of 2,500 amps measured by <a href="/wiki/Spark_gap" title="Spark gap">spark gaps</a> in a 570 km (350 mi) stretch of overhead telephone line to Zharyq, blowing all the <a href="/wiki/Fuse_(electrical)" title="Fuse (electrical)">protective fuses</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The late-time <a href="/wiki/Magnetohydrodynamics" title="Magnetohydrodynamics">MHD</a>-EMP was of low enough frequency to enable it to penetrate 90 cm (35 in) into the ground, overloading a shallow buried lead and steel tape-protected 1,000 km (620 mi) long power cable between <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Aqmola</a> (now called Astana) and <a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> It fired <a href="/wiki/Circuit_breaker" title="Circuit breaker">circuit breakers</a> and set the Karaganda power plant on fire.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Late_20th_century">Late 20th century</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Late 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kuznetsov's master plan for the city was intended to accommodate 300,000 inhabitants, which was surpassed by the late 1960s.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This prompted planners to devise a new plan with the goal of accommodating 600,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the 1980s, the city's population surpassed 600,000 people, creating the need for further expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1983, the Karaganda Circus was constructed, which was criticized for its high cost.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1990s, Karaganda was briefly considered as a candidate for the capital of the (then) newly independent Republic of Kazakhstan, but its bid was turned down in favour of <a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="21st_century">21st century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 21st century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2019_archaeological_findings">2019 archaeological findings</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2019 archaeological findings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In July 2019, remains of a young couple buried face to face dated 4,000 years back were unearthed in Karaganda region in central <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> by a group of archaeologists led by Igor Kukushkin from Saryarka Archaeological Institute in Karaganda. It is assumed that the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> couple were 16 or 17 years old when they died. Kukushkin supposes that they were from a 'noble family' thanks to the buried gold and jewelry artifacts, ceramic pots, woman's two bracelets on each arm beads, remains of horses and knives found in the grave.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2023_Kostenko_mine_fire">2023 Kostenko mine fire</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2023 Kostenko mine fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kostenko_mine_disaster" title="Kostenko mine disaster">Kostenko mine disaster</a></div> <p>On October 28, 2023, the Kostenko mine, a <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">coal mine</a> in Karaganda run by ArcelorMittal Temirtau, the local unit of <a href="/wiki/ArcelorMittal" title="ArcelorMittal">ArcelorMittal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kostenko_mine_disaster" title="Kostenko mine disaster">caught on fire</a>, and killed at least 32 people.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In weeks prior to the fire, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Kazakhstan" title="Government of Kazakhstan">Kazakhstani government</a> announced it was in talks to take over part of ArcelorMittal Temirtau's operations, in part due to its dissatisfaction by ArcelorMittal's failure to invest more in its operations, including equipment upgrades and safety precautions.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karaganda is located in a steppe area of the <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Uplands" title="Kazakh Uplands">Kazakh Uplands</a> at an elevation of 546 m (1,791 ft). To the northeast flows the <a href="/wiki/Nura_(river)" title="Nura (river)">Nura river</a> and to the west the <a href="/wiki/Sherubainura" title="Sherubainura">Sherubainura</a>, its main tributary. In the southern part of the city lies the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fedorov_Reservoir&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fedorov Reservoir (page does not exist)">Fedorov Reservoir</a>, built in 1941 by filling a <a href="/wiki/Coal_mine" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal mine">coal mine</a> pit with the water of river <a href="/wiki/Sokyr" title="Sokyr">Sokyr</a> that flows along the southern limit. The <a href="/wiki/Bugyly" title="Bugyly">Bugyly Range</a> (Бұғылы), reaching a height of 1,187 m (3,894 ft), rises about 60 km (37 mi) to the south of the city. The <a href="/wiki/Bugyly_Nature_Reserve" title="Bugyly Nature Reserve">Bugyly Nature Reserve</a> is located in the range.<sup id="cite_ref-STM_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STM-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GЕ_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GЕ-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karaganda has a <a href="/wiki/Continental_climate" title="Continental climate">Continental climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen climate classification</a> <i>Dfb</i>) with warm summers and very cold winters. Precipitation is moderately low throughout the year, although slightly heavier from May to July. Snow is frequent, though light, in winter. The lowest temperature on record is −42.9 °C (−45.2 °F), recorded in 1938, and the highest temperature is 40.2 °C (104.4 °F), recorded in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="width:auto;"> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Karaganda (1991–2020, extremes 1932–present) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8409; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.3<br />(72.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.8<br />(87.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.6<br />(96.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF1000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(102.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF0D00; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">39.6<br />(103.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(99.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(81.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.4<br />(65.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFCE9E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5<br />(52.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.2<br />(104.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #B5B5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.2<br />(15.4) </td> <td style="background: #BDBDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.6<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9123; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.4<br />(68.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.4<br />(77.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.5<br />(77.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9<br />(51.6) </td> <td style="background: #E3E3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.6<br />(30.9) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.1<br />(19.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDBB8; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">9.6<br />(49.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #9E9EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−13.4<br />(7.9) </td> <td style="background: #A3A3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.5<br />(9.5) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.4<br />(22.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.4<br />(43.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5<br />(56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9C39; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(65.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF9429; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.0<br />(68.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.6<br />(65.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.8<br />(40.6) </td> <td style="background: #CBCBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.0<br />(23.0) </td> <td style="background: #AAAAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−11.2<br />(11.8) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">3.9<br />(39.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8787FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.7<br />(0.1) </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−17.2<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.8<br />(14.4) </td> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.8<br />(33.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.9<br />(44.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3<br />(54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFBE7D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.9<br />(57.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCA96; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1<br />(53.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFF5EB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.9<br />(42.6) </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.1<br />(31.8) </td> <td style="background: #B7B7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.7<br />(16.3) </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−15.3<br />(4.5) </td> <td style="background: #DFDFFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−1.4<br />(29.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #0505FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−41.7<br />(−43.1) </td> <td style="background: #0909FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−41.0<br />(−41.8) </td> <td style="background: #2B2BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−34.7<br />(−30.5) </td> <td style="background: #6565FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−23.9<br />(−11.0) </td> <td style="background: #B3B3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−9.5<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #DADAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2.3<br />(27.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2<br />(37.8) </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−0.8<br />(30.6) </td> <td style="background: #B9B9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−8.4<br />(16.9) </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−19.3<br />(−2.7) </td> <td style="background: #1919FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−38<br />(−36) </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−42.9<br />(−45.2) </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−42.9<br />(−45.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #D9FFD9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25<br />(1.0) </td> <td style="background: #D7FFD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(0.9) </td> <td style="background: #D6FFD6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #C7FFC7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37<br />(1.5) </td> <td style="background: #BCFFBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43<br />(1.7) </td> <td style="background: #B3FFB3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51<br />(2.0) </td> <td style="background: #D3FFD3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #DEFFDE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21<br />(0.8) </td> <td style="background: #D2FFD2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #D0FFD0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31<br />(1.2) </td> <td style="background: #CEFFCE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">381<br />(15) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average extreme snow depth cm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #BEBEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21<br />(8.3) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(10) </td> <td style="background: #CACAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(6.7) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0<br />(0) </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13<br />(5.1) </td> <td style="background: #AEAEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">26<br />(10) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average rainy days </th> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #CDCDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #6666FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12 </td> <td style="background: #5252FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">14 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10 </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #E6E6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">91 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days </th> <td style="background: #0808FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">20 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #4545FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0 </td> <td style="background: #F2F2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1 </td> <td style="background: #A8A8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">15 </td> <td style="background: #1414FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">19 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">103 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000CF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">79 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #1515FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">61 </td> <td style="background: #3030FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">54 </td> <td style="background: #3F3FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">50 </td> <td style="background: #2C2CFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55 </td> <td style="background: #3838FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">52 </td> <td style="background: #3434FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53 </td> <td style="background: #0202FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66 </td> <td style="background: #0000D7; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">77 </td> <td style="background: #0000D3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">78 </td> <td style="background: #0606FF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">65 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #AFAF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106 </td> <td style="background: #C6C600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">142 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">189 </td> <td style="background: #E0E000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">231 </td> <td style="background: #EDED09; color:#000000;" class="notheme">297 </td> <td style="background: #F9F924; color:#000000;" class="notheme">335 </td> <td style="background: #F5F51B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">330 </td> <td style="background: #EFEF0D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">303 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">247 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF26; color:#000000;" class="notheme">141 </td> <td style="background: #B2B276; color:#000000;" class="notheme">108 </td> <td style="background: #ACAC99; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,528 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #B0B083; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.4 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.0 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #E1E100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #EEEE0C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.6 </td> <td style="background: #FAFA28; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #F6F61F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #F0F010; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.8 </td> <td style="background: #E4E400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.2 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.6 </td> <td style="background: #B3B372; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6 </td> <td style="background: #ADAD95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.2 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net<sup id="cite_ref-pogoda_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pogoda-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/NOAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NOAA">NOAA</a> (sun, 1961–1990),<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (daily sun 1961-1990)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollution">Pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the prominence of heavy industry in Karaganda, the city experiences a high level of <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Air pollution tracking company <a href="/wiki/IQAir" title="IQAir">IQAir</a> found it to have Kazakhstan's highest level of <a href="/wiki/PM2.5" class="mw-redirect" title="PM2.5">PM2.5</a> concentration among cities measured from 2017 to 2022, and the 23rd highest in the world among cities measured.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karaganda is a largely industrial city, and <a href="/wiki/Coal_mining" title="Coal mining">coal mining</a> is a major component of its economy.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2023, the city hosts 8 coal mines, and during the times of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, hosted as many as 26.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since local water resources are not sufficient for the needs of a major industrial city, the <a href="/wiki/Irtysh%E2%80%93Karaganda_Canal" title="Irtysh–Karaganda Canal">Irtysh–Karaganda Canal</a> was constructed in the 1960s, to supply the Karaganda metropolitan area with water from the <a href="/wiki/Irtysh_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Irtysh River">Irtysh River</a> more than 400 kilometres (250 mi) away. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="683" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> in Karaganda</figcaption></figure> <p>The city is the seat of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Karaganda" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Karaganda">Roman Catholic Diocese of Karaganda</a>. In 2012, the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Our_Lady_of_Fatima,_Karaganda" title="Cathedral of Our Lady of Fatima, Karaganda">Cathedral of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Fatima</a> was opened.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater">Theater</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Theater"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The city is home to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Miners_Palace_of_Culture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Miners Palace of Culture (page does not exist)">Miners Palace of Culture</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0)" class="extiw" title="ru:Дворец культуры горняков (Караганда)">ru</a>; <a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5%D1%82_%D1%81%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B" class="extiw" title="kk:Кеншілер мәдениет сарайы">kk</a>]</span>, a large theater. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dusan_Petronijevic.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dusan_Petronijevic.jpg/220px-Dusan_Petronijevic.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dusan_Petronijevic.jpg/330px-Dusan_Petronijevic.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Dusan_Petronijevic.jpg/440px-Dusan_Petronijevic.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="362" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FC_Shakhter_Karagandy" title="FC Shakhter Karagandy">FC Shakhter Karagandy</a> players</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/FC_Shakhter_Karagandy" title="FC Shakhter Karagandy">FC Shakhter Karagandy</a> is a football club based in the city who play at <a href="/wiki/Shakhtyor_Stadium_(Karagandy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shakhtyor Stadium (Karagandy)">Shakhtyor Stadium</a>. They finished 7th in the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Premier_League" title="Kazakhstan Premier League">Kazakhstan Premier League</a> in 2022. They last won the competition in the 2012 season and also won the Kazakhstan Cup in 2013. One of the biggest accomplishments of the club is a victory against <a href="/wiki/Celtic_F.C." title="Celtic F.C.">Celtic</a> from <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> in the Champions League qualifying rounds in 2013. The score was 2–0. <a href="/wiki/Saryarka_Karagandy" title="Saryarka Karagandy">Saryarka Karagandy</a> is an ice hockey team which competes in the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan_Hockey_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="Kazakhstan Hockey Championship">Kazakhstan Hockey Championship</a>, and used to play in the Russian-based <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Hockey_League" title="Supreme Hockey League">Supreme Hockey League</a> (VHL) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monuments">Monuments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Monuments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 28, 2011, a monument to a popular catchphrase "Where-where? In Karaganda!" was created.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 31, 2022, on the Day of Remembrance of the Victims of Political Repressions in the Karaganda Ethnopark, a new monument to the victims of the Holodomor was opened.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The monument is located near the mosque on the territory of the Ethnopark, created from granite by Zharmukhamed Tlegenuly. The height of the monument on the pedestal is 1.2 m. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parks">Parks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Parks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Central Park serves as Karaganda's main park.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built from 1935 to 1941 and covers an area of 150 hectares (370 acres). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Qaraghandy_Zoo" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaraghandy Zoo">Qaraghandy Zoo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda_Technical_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaganda Technical University (page does not exist)">Karaganda Technical University</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Karaganda University (page does not exist)">Karaganda University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qaraghandy_State_Medical_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Qaraghandy State Medical University">Karaganda State Medical University</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Sary-Arka_Airport" title="Sary-Arka Airport">Sary-Arka Airport</a> is 20 kilometers south-east of the city. The city is also served by trains with all of them stopping at <a href="/wiki/Karaganda_railway_station" title="Karaganda railway station">Karaganda railway station</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Karaganda was often used as the punchline in a popular joke in the former <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>. Karaganda is fairly isolated in a vast area of uninhabited <a href="/wiki/Steppe" title="Steppe">steppe</a>, and is thought by many to be "the middle of nowhere". When used in the <a href="/wiki/Locative_case" title="Locative case">locative case</a> (Караганде), the final syllable rhymes with the Russian word for "where" (где), as well as with a Russian obscenity used to answer to an unwanted question "Where?". Thus the exchange: "Где?" — "В Караганде!" ("Where?" — "In Karaganda!").<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 an art-installation was installed in Karaganda, deticated to this phrase.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Author Flora Leipman, a <a href="/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> resident who moved to the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> during the 1930s, wrote about her time in the <a href="/wiki/Karlag" title="Karlag">Karlag Prison</a> near Karaganda, and her subsequent decades where she lived in Karaganda, in her book <i>The Long Journey Home</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The labor camp described in <a href="/wiki/One_Day_in_the_Life_of_Ivan_Denisovich" title="One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich">One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich</a> where the author <a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a> had served some time was located near Karaganda.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_residents">Notable residents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable residents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gennady_Golovkin_(KAZ)_2017.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gennady_Golovkin_%28KAZ%29_2017.png/140px-Gennady_Golovkin_%28KAZ%29_2017.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gennady_Golovkin_%28KAZ%29_2017.png/210px-Gennady_Golovkin_%28KAZ%29_2017.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Gennady_Golovkin_%28KAZ%29_2017.png/280px-Gennady_Golovkin_%28KAZ%29_2017.png 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="735" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Golovkin" title="Gennady Golovkin">Gennady Golovkin</a>, 2017</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osaka07_D8A_Decathlon_Karpov.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Osaka07_D8A_Decathlon_Karpov.jpg/170px-Osaka07_D8A_Decathlon_Karpov.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Osaka07_D8A_Decathlon_Karpov.jpg/255px-Osaka07_D8A_Decathlon_Karpov.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Osaka07_D8A_Decathlon_Karpov.jpg/340px-Osaka07_D8A_Decathlon_Karpov.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_Kazakhstan" title="Russians in Kazakhstan">Russian Kazakhstani</a> athlete <a href="/wiki/Dmitriy_Karpov" title="Dmitriy Karpov">Dmitriy Karpov</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gennady_Golovkin" title="Gennady Golovkin">Gennady Golovkin</a>, boxer, former <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Association" title="World Boxing Association">WBA</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Boxing_Council" title="World Boxing Council">WBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/International_Boxing_Federation" title="International Boxing Federation">IBF</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Boxing_Organization" title="International Boxing Organization">IBO</a> Middleweight Champion, holds the greatest knockout ratio in middleweight championship history and silver medalist in the <a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nurken_Abdirov" title="Nurken Abdirov">Nurken Abdirov</a>, Soviet <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> pilot and <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Hero of the Soviet Union">Hero of the Soviet Union</a>. A statue in Abdirov's honor is in the center of the city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anjelika_Akbar" title="Anjelika Akbar">Anjelika Akbar</a>, pianist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toktar_Aubakirov" title="Toktar Aubakirov">Toktar Aubakirov</a>, former <a href="/wiki/Cosmonaut" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmonaut">cosmonaut</a> (<a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TM-13" title="Soyuz TM-13">Soyuz TM-13</a>) and member of Kazakhstan parliament</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Avrukh" title="Boris Avrukh">Boris Avrukh</a>, chess <a href="/wiki/Grandmaster_(chess)" title="Grandmaster (chess)">grandmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_D%C3%BCck" title="Alexander Dück">Alexander Dück</a>, professional ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Engel" title="Konstantin Engel">Konstantin Engel</a>, professional football player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inna_German" title="Inna German">Inna German</a>, female volleyball player.</li> <li>Katia Ivanova, glamour model, reality TV star, UK Celebrity Big Brother contestant 2009 (born in Karaganda in 1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhmad_Kadyrov" title="Akhmad Kadyrov">Akhmad Kadyrov</a>, former President of the <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Chechen Republic">Chechen Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dimitri_Kotschnew" class="mw-redirect" title="Dimitri Kotschnew">Dimitri Kotschnew</a>, professional ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Krukov" title="Andrei Krukov">Andrei Krukov</a>, Olympic figure skater (<a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juri_Litvinov" title="Juri Litvinov">Juri Litvinov</a>, Olympic figure skater (1998 Winter Olympics) and national champion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aslan_Maskhadov" title="Aslan Maskhadov">Aslan Maskhadov</a>, third President, <a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valery_Oisteanu" title="Valery Oisteanu">Valery Oisteanu</a>, writer, photographer, and performance artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksandr_Shustov" title="Aleksandr Shustov">Aleksandr Shustov</a>, gold medal-winning high jumper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmitriy_Karpov" title="Dmitriy Karpov">Dmitriy Karpov</a>, bronze medal-winning decathlon and heptathlon athlete (<a href="/wiki/2004_Summer_Olympics" title="2004 Summer Olympics">2004 Summer Olympics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aleksei_Grigorievich_Stakhanov" class="mw-redirect" title="Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov">Aleksei Grigorievich Stakhanov</a>, Director of Number 31 mine (1943-1957) and <a href="/wiki/Hero_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Hero of the Soviet Union">Hero of the Soviet Union</a> as a folk hero mine worker with 14 times quota production</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Vorobiev" class="mw-redirect" title="Pavel Vorobiev">Pavel Vorobiev</a>, professional ice hockey player</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Werth" title="Joseph Werth">Joseph Werth</a>, Bishop of Transfiguration, <a href="/wiki/Novosibirsk,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Novosibirsk, Russia">Novosibirsk, Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Zarapin" title="Anatoli Zarapin">Anatoli Zarapin</a>, Russian professional football coach and former player</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sister_cities">Sister cities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sister cities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea"><img alt="South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Songpa-gu" class="mw-redirect" title="Songpa-gu">Songpa-gu</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> (since 1994)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kamianske" title="Kamianske">Kamianske</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran"><img alt="Iran" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/23px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/35px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Flag_of_Iran.svg/46px-Flag_of_Iran.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="630" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arak,_Iran" title="Arak, Iran">Arak</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iran</a> (since 2008)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karlag" title="Karlag">Karlag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaganda_Region" title="Karaganda Region">Karaganda Region</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nur.kz/politics/appointments/2005836-naznachen-akim-karagandy">"Назначен аким Караганды"</a> (in Russian). 2023-01-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD+%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B&rft.date=2023-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nur.kz%2Fpolitics%2Fappointments%2F2005836-naznachen-akim-karagandy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527215506/https://stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT354434">"Численность населения Республики Казахстан по полу в разрезе областей, городов, районов, районных центров и поселков на начало 2020 года"</a>. <i>Комитет по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT354434">the original</a> on 2020-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.kz%2Fapi%2FgetFile%2F%3FdocId%3DESTAT354434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527215506/https://stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT354434">"Численность населения Республики Казахстан по полу в разрезе областей, городов, районов, районных центров и поселков на начало 2020 года"</a>. <i>Комитет по статистике Министерства национальной экономики Республики Казахстан</i> (in Russian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stat.gov.kz/api/getFile/?docId=ESTAT354434">the original</a> on 2020-05-27<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%9C%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83+%D0%B2+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B9%2C+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE+2020+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.kz%2Fapi%2FgetFile%2F%3FdocId%3DESTAT354434&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kz2009Census-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kz2009Census_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-kz2009Census_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stat.gov.kz/faces/wcnav_externalId/p_perepis?_afrLoop=303109293876207&_afrWindowMode=0&_afrWindowId=4kbaul183_104#%40%3F_afrWindowId%3D4kbaul183_104%26_afrLoop%3D303109293876207%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_adf.ctrl-state%3D4kbaul183_137">"Население Республики Казахстан"</a> [Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan] (in Russian). Департамент социальной и демографической статистики<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD&rft.pub=%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B8+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstat.gov.kz%2Ffaces%2Fwcnav_externalId%2Fp_perepis%3F_afrLoop%3D303109293876207%26_afrWindowMode%3D0%26_afrWindowId%3D4kbaul183_104%23%2540%253F_afrWindowId%253D4kbaul183_104%2526_afrLoop%253D303109293876207%2526_afrWindowMode%253D0%2526_adf.ctrl-state%253D4kbaul183_137&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://karaganda-akimat.gov.kz/ru/og-hist">"Очерки по истории города"</a>. <i>Акимат Караганды</i> (in Russian). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621012611/https://karaganda-akimat.gov.kz/ru/og-hist">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-06-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkaraganda-akimat.gov.kz%2Fru%2Fog-hist&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2001" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kate_Brown_(professor)" title="Kate Brown (professor)">Brown, Kate</a> (February 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/249215029">"Gridded Lives: Why Kazakhstan and Montana are Nearly the Same Place"</a>. <i>The American Historical Review</i>. <b>106</b> (1): 17–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2652223">10.2307/2652223</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0002-8762">0002-8762</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2652223">2652223</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+American+Historical+Review&rft.atitle=Gridded+Lives%3A+Why+Kazakhstan+and+Montana+are+Nearly+the+Same+Place&rft.volume=106&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-48&rft.date=2001-02&rft.issn=0002-8762&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2652223%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2652223&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F249215029&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">'<i><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a><b></b></i></span><i><b> <span class="reference-text"> Kennedy, Robert F. (1955, October 10). </span></b></i><b>Lecture on Soviet Central Asia<i>. Washington, DC: Georgetown University. In: Edwin O. Guthman and C. Richard Allen, </i>RFK: His Words in Our Times</b> (pp.37-45). New York, New York: William Morrow. </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archaeology.org/news/7870-190801-kazakhstan-bronze-age-couple">"Bronze Age Couple Unearthed in Kazakhstan - Archaeology Magazine"</a>. <i>www.archaeology.org</i>. August 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.archaeology.org&rft.atitle=Bronze+Age+Couple+Unearthed+in+Kazakhstan+-+Archaeology+Magazine&rft.date=2019-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archaeology.org%2Fnews%2F7870-190801-kazakhstan-bronze-age-couple&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOwen_Jarus2019" class="citation web cs1">Owen Jarus (August 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/66077-ancient-couple-burial-kazakhstan.html">"This Young Man and Woman Were Buried Face-to-Face 4,000 Years Ago in Kazakhstan"</a>. <i>livescience.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Mysterious+4%2C000-year-old+grave+reveals+boy+and+girl+buried+face+to+face&rft.date=2019-08-02&rft.aulast=Ciaccia&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fscience%2Fmysterious-4000-year-old-grave-reveals-boy-and-girl-buried-face-to-face&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/least-11-dead-kazakhstan-mine-fire-afp-2023-10-28/">"At least 32 dead, 14 missing after ArcelorMittal mine fire in Kazakhstan"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></i>. 2023-10-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=At+least+32+dead%2C+14+missing+after+ArcelorMittal+mine+fire+in+Kazakhstan&rft.date=2023-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fleast-11-dead-kazakhstan-mine-fire-afp-2023-10-28%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-STM-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-STM_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm1000/m-43.jpg">"M-43 Topographic Chart (in Russian)"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920171600/https://maps.vlasenko.net/smtm1000/m-43.jpg">Archived</a> from the original on 20 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=M-43+Topographic+Chart+%28in+Russian%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaps.vlasenko.net%2Fsmtm1000%2Fm-43.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GЕ-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GЕ_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Google_Earth" title="Google Earth">Google Earth</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pogoda-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pogoda_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/35394.htm">"Weather and Climate - The Climate of Karaganda"</a> (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161125141409/http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate/35394.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 25 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weather+and+Climate+-+The+Climate+of+Karaganda&rft.pub=Weather+and+Climate+%28%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pogodaiklimat.ru%2Fclimate%2F35394.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/WMO/1961-1990/TABLES/REG_II/KS/35394.TXT">"Karaganda Climate Normals 1961-1990"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>. September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Karaganda+Climate+Normals+1961-1990&rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&rft.date=2013-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fpub%2Fdata%2Fnormals%2FWMO%2F1961-1990%2FTABLES%2FREG_II%2FKS%2F35394.TXT&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_353940_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Karaganda / Kasachstan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://astanatimes.com/2023/08/karagandy-heartland-of-kazakhstans-coal-mining-industry/">the original</a> on 2023-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-10-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Astana+Times&rft.atitle=Karagandy+%E2%80%93+Heartland+of+Kazakhstan%27s+Coal+Mining+Industry&rft.date=2023-08-08&rft.aulast=Akhmetkali&rft.aufirst=Aibarshyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fastanatimes.com%2F2023%2F08%2Fkaragandy-heartland-of-kazakhstans-coal-mining-industry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ria.ru/20110529/381407819.html">"Памятник фразе "Где-где? В Караганде!" открыт в Казахстане"</a>. <i>ria.ru</i>. 2011-05-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403211525/https://ria.ru/20110529/381407819.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=zonakz.net&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5&rft.date=2022-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fzonakz.net%2F2022%2F05%2F31%2Fpamyatnik-zhertvam-golodomora-otkryli-v-karagande%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFМандрикова2015" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Мандрикова, Г. М. 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В Караганде!" посвятили памятник"</a>. <i>BBC News Русская служба</i> (in Russian). 2011-05-30. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190416151146/https://www.bbc.com/russian/society/2011/05/110530_kazakhstan_monument">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B1%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B5+%22%D0%93%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B5%3F+%D0%92+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%21%22+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA&rft.date=2011-05-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Fsociety%2F2011%2F05%2F110530_kazakhstan_monument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaraganda" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/obituary-flora-leipman-1098829.html">"Obituary: Flora Leipman"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i>. 1999-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Karaganda_Region" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Karaganda_Region" title="Template:Karaganda Region"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Karaganda_Region" title="Template talk:Karaganda Region"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Karaganda_Region" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Karaganda Region"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Karaganda_Region" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Karaganda_Region" title="Karaganda Region">Karaganda Region</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>Capital: <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karaganda</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abay_District,_Karaganda_Region" title="Abay District, Karaganda Region">Abay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktogay_District,_Karaganda_Region" title="Aktogay District, Karaganda Region">Aktogay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukhar-Zhyrau_District" title="Bukhar-Zhyrau District">Bukhar-Zhyrau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkaraly_District" title="Karkaraly District">Karkaraly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nura_District" title="Nura District">Nura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarybel_District" title="Sarybel District">Sarybel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shet_District" title="Shet District">Shet</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Karaganda_Region_in_Kazakhstan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Karaganda_Region_in_Kazakhstan.png/140px-Karaganda_Region_in_Kazakhstan.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Karaganda_Region_in_Kazakhstan.png/210px-Karaganda_Region_in_Kazakhstan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Karaganda_Region_in_Kazakhstan.png/280px-Karaganda_Region_in_Kazakhstan.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="732" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abay_(town)" title="Abay (town)">Abay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkhash_(city)" title="Balkhash (city)">Balqash</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karkaraly" title="Karkaraly">Karkaraly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priozersk,_Kazakhstan" title="Priozersk, Kazakhstan">Priozersk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saran,_Kazakhstan" title="Saran, Kazakhstan">Saran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakhtinsk" title="Shakhtinsk">Shakhtinsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temirtau" title="Temirtau">Temirtau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cities_in_Kazakhstan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cities_of_Kazakhstan" title="Template:Cities of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cities_of_Kazakhstan" title="Template talk:Cities of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cities_of_Kazakhstan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cities of Kazakhstan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cities_in_Kazakhstan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Kazakhstan" title="List of cities in Kazakhstan">Cities in Kazakhstan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Capital</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astana" title="Astana">Astana</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aktau" title="Aktau">Aktau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aktobe" title="Aktobe">Aktobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Almaty" title="Almaty">Almaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkalyk" title="Arkalyk">Arkalyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atyrau" title="Atyrau">Atyrau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baikonur" title="Baikonur">Baikonur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkhash_(city)" title="Balkhash (city)">Balkhash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekibastuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekibastuz">Ekibastuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezkazgan" title="Jezkazgan">Jezkazgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kapchagay" class="mw-redirect" title="Kapchagay">Kapchagay</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Karaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentau" title="Kentau">Kentau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kokshetau" title="Kokshetau">Kokshetau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kostanay" title="Kostanay">Kostanay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyzylorda" title="Kyzylorda">Kyzylorda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavlodar" title="Pavlodar">Pavlodar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petropavlovsk,_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Petropavlovsk, Kazakhstan">Petropavlovsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qosshy" title="Qosshy">Qosshy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridder,_Kazakhstan" title="Ridder, Kazakhstan">Ridder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saran,_Kazakhstan" title="Saran, Kazakhstan">Saran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satbayev_(city)" title="Satbayev (city)">Satbayev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semey" title="Semey">Semey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shymkent" title="Shymkent">Shymkent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepnogorsk" title="Stepnogorsk">Stepnogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tald%C4%B1qor%C4%9Fan" class="mw-redirect" title="Taldıqorğan">Taldıqorğan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taraz" title="Taraz">Taraz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temirtau" title="Temirtau">Temirtau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkistan_(city)" title="Turkistan (city)">Turkistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uralsk,_Kazakhstan" class="mw-redirect" title="Uralsk, Kazakhstan">Uralsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ust-Kamenogorsk" class="mw-redirect" title="Ust-Kamenogorsk">Ust-Kamenogorsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhanaozen" title="Zhanaozen">Zhanaozen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style 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class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484706#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/157122485">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1217475/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4110006-2">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82005922">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12011385x">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12011385x">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Karaganda (Kazachstán)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge1018639&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007550527105171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/67b568c9-3c6f-4b21-9cb0-e0bdb7aa6e64">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/256681791">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&oldid=1257470387">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karaganda&oldid=1257470387</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Karaganda" title="Category:Karaganda">Karaganda</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_and_towns_in_Kazakhstan" title="Category:Cities and towns in Kazakhstan">Cities and towns in 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