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<li id="toc-Foundation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foundation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Foundation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foundation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Institutionalization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Institutionalization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Institutionalization</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Institutionalization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liberalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Liberalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Liberalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Liberalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Remonstrants’_theological_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Remonstrants’_theological_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early Remonstrants’ theological legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Remonstrants’_theological_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modern_Remonstrant_Brotherhood" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modern_Remonstrant_Brotherhood"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Modern Remonstrant Brotherhood</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Modern_Remonstrant_Brotherhood-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Modern Remonstrant Brotherhood subsection</span> </button> <ul 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</a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Notes and references subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Notes_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86" title="ريمونسترانتيون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريمونسترانتيون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstrants" title="Remonstrants – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Remonstrants" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstrant" title="Remonstrant – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Remonstrant" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstranten" title="Remonstranten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Remonstranten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstrantes" title="Remonstrantes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Remonstrantes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstrantoj" title="Remonstrantoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Remonstrantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remontrants" title="Remontrants – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Remontrants" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstranten" title="Remonstranten – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Remonstranten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%80%ED%95%AD%ED%8C%8C" title="저항파 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="저항파" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstran" title="Remonstran – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Remonstran" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstranten" title="Remonstranten – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Remonstranten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9%E3%83%88%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%83%88%E6%B4%BE" title="レモンストラント派 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レモンストラント派" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstrant" title="Remonstrant – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Remonstrant" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstranci" title="Remonstranci – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Remonstranci" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstrante" title="Remonstrante – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Remonstrante" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstran%C8%9Bi" title="Remonstranți – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Remonstranți" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remonstranterna" title="Remonstranterna – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Remonstranterna" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Ремонстранти – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Ремонстранти" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dutch Reformed Christian movement</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about a Dutch Reformed movement. For the Scottish political faction, see <a href="/wiki/Western_Remonstrance" title="Western Remonstrance">Western Remonstrance</a>. For opposition to women's suffrage, see <a href="/wiki/Anti-suffragism" title="Anti-suffragism">Anti-suffragism</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 24em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;">Remonstrants</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Classification</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Theology</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data">early 17th century <br /><a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Schism" title="Schism">Separated from</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Official website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.remonstranten.nl/engels/">www<wbr />.remonstranten<wbr />.nl<wbr />/engels<wbr />/</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q284561#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Remonstrants</b> (or the <b>Remonstrant Brotherhood</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> movement that split from the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a> in the early 17th century. The early Remonstrants supported <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Arminius" title="Jacobus Arminius">Jacobus Arminius</a>, and after his death, continued to maintain his original views called <a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a> against the proponents of <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a>. Condemned by the <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Dort" title="Synod of Dort">synod of Dort</a> (1618–1619), the Remonstrants remained a small minority in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. In the middle of the 19th century, the Remonstrant Brotherhood was influenced by the liberal Dutch theological movement. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Allegory_of_theological_dispute-Abraham_van_der_Eyk-MBA_Lyon_H1151-IMG_0428.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Allegory_of_theological_dispute-Abraham_van_der_Eyk-MBA_Lyon_H1151-IMG_0428.jpg/400px-Allegory_of_theological_dispute-Abraham_van_der_Eyk-MBA_Lyon_H1151-IMG_0428.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Allegory_of_theological_dispute-Abraham_van_der_Eyk-MBA_Lyon_H1151-IMG_0428.jpg/600px-Allegory_of_theological_dispute-Abraham_van_der_Eyk-MBA_Lyon_H1151-IMG_0428.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Allegory_of_theological_dispute-Abraham_van_der_Eyk-MBA_Lyon_H1151-IMG_0428.jpg/800px-Allegory_of_theological_dispute-Abraham_van_der_Eyk-MBA_Lyon_H1151-IMG_0428.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4887" data-file-height="3531" /></a><figcaption><i>Allegory of the theological dispute between the Arminianists and their opponents</i> by Abraham van der Eyk, 1721. Remonstrants can be seen on the left, while their <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Reformed">Dutch Reformed</a> opponents can be seen on the right. The scales shows the <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> cause as heavier than the <a href="/wiki/Arminian" class="mw-redirect" title="Arminian">Arminian</a> one, but it has a sword on it. The sword symbolizes <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state support</a> granted the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Republic</a>.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Five_Articles_of_Remonstrance" title="Five Articles of Remonstrance">Five Articles of Remonstrance</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foundation">Foundation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Foundation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In formulating <a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Arminius" title="Jacobus Arminius">Jacobus Arminius</a> disagreed with <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">Calvin</a>, especially on <a href="/wiki/Predestination" title="Predestination">predestination</a>. He defended free examination as superior to the doctrines of established churches. </p><p>In 1610, Arminius followers presented to the <a href="/wiki/States_of_Holland_and_Friesland" class="mw-redirect" title="States of Holland and Friesland">States of Holland and Friesland</a> the <i><a href="/wiki/Five_Articles_of_Remonstrance" title="Five Articles of Remonstrance">Five Articles of Remonstrance</a></i> formulating their points of disagreement with <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Calvinism</a> as adopted by the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Supporters of Arminius were called "Remonstrants", but they were also called "Arminians".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Their adversaries, inspired by <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Gomarus" title="Franciscus Gomarus">Franciscus Gomarus</a>, became known as Gomarists or <a href="/wiki/Counter-Remonstrants" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-Remonstrants">Counter-Remonstrants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the <a href="/wiki/States-General_of_the_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="States-General of the Netherlands">States-General</a> issued an edict tolerating both parties and forbidding further dispute, the conflict continued<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became linked to <a href="/wiki/Twelve_Years%27_Truce" title="Twelve Years' Truce">political conflicts</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Republic" title="Dutch Republic">Dutch Republic</a>. The Remonstrants were assailed both by personal enemies and by the political weapons of <a href="/wiki/Maurice_of_Nassau" class="mw-redirect" title="Maurice of Nassau">Maurice of Orange</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their foremost ally, <a href="/wiki/Johan_van_Oldenbarnevelt" title="Johan van Oldenbarnevelt">Johan van Oldenbarnevelt</a>, was executed, and other leaders were imprisoned. In Amsterdam, as in various other cities, the city government was purged of Oldenbarnevelt supporters; <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Dircksz_de_Graeff" title="Jacob Dircksz de Graeff">Jacob Dircksz de Graeff</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cornelis_Hooft" title="Cornelis Hooft">Cornelis Hooft</a> fell victim to this action. </p><p>In 1618–1619 the <a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Dordrecht" class="mw-redirect" title="Synod of Dordrecht">Synod of Dordrecht</a>, after expelling the thirteen <a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminian</a> pastors headed by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Episcopius" title="Simon Episcopius">Simon Episcopius</a>, established the victory of the Calvinist school.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It drew up ninety-three canonical rules, and confirmed the authority of the <a href="/wiki/Belgic_Confession" title="Belgic Confession">Belgic Confession</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Heidelberg_Catechism" title="Heidelberg Catechism">Heidelberg Catechism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The judgement of the synod was enforced through the deposition and in some cases banishment of Remonstrant ministers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this context, owing to the lack of preachers, there originated in Warmond a movement in favor of the lay sermon, the adherents of which founded the Society of <a href="/wiki/Collegiants" title="Collegiants">Collegiants</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchaffHerzog1953Chap._2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaffHerzog1953Chap._2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An exile community of Remonstrants was founded in <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> in 1619. In 1621 they were allowed to settle in <a href="/wiki/Schleswig" class="mw-redirect" title="Schleswig">Schleswig</a>, where they built the town of <a href="/wiki/Friedrichstadt" title="Friedrichstadt">Friedrichstadt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutionalization">Institutionalization</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Institutionalization"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Friedrichstadt_remonstrantenkirche.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Friedrichstadt_remonstrantenkirche.jpg/220px-Friedrichstadt_remonstrantenkirche.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Friedrichstadt_remonstrantenkirche.jpg/330px-Friedrichstadt_remonstrantenkirche.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Friedrichstadt_remonstrantenkirche.jpg/440px-Friedrichstadt_remonstrantenkirche.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Remonstrant church of Friedrichstadt, Germany</figcaption></figure> <p>The doctrine of the Remonstrants was embodied in 1621 in a <i><a href="/wiki/Remonstrant_Confession" title="Remonstrant Confession">Confession</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpiscopiusEllis2005_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpiscopiusEllis2005-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written by Episcopius, their major theologian. This <i>Confession</i> serves as a base for the Remonstrant church since his return to the Netherlands in 1626. It confirms the opinion of the remonstrants already expressed in 1618.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Jong1968220–_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Jong1968220–-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Joannes_Uytenbogardus" class="mw-redirect" title="Joannes Uytenbogardus">Jan Uytenbogaert</a> gave to the Remonstrants a <a href="/wiki/Catechism" title="Catechism">catechism</a> and regulated their church order.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their seminary in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> had distinguished pupils, including <a href="/wiki/Stephan_Curcellaeus" class="mw-redirect" title="Stephan Curcellaeus">Curcellaeus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philipp_van_Limborch" title="Philipp van Limborch">Limborch</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jakob_Wetstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Johann Jakob Wetstein">Wetstein</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jean_Leclerc_(theologian)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Leclerc (theologian)">Le Clerc</a>. Their school of <a href="/wiki/Theology" title="Theology">theology</a>, which grew more liberal and even rationalistic, forcefully debated the official <a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church" title="Dutch Reformed Church">Dutch Reformed</a> state church and other Christian denominations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the death of Maurice of Orange in 1625, some exiles returned. The government became convinced that they posed no danger to the state, and in 1630 they were formally allowed to reside again in all parts of the Republic.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were not, however, officially allowed to build churches until the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Batavian_Republic" title="Batavian Republic">Batavian Republic</a> in 1795. Until then they held their services in so-called <a href="/wiki/Schuilkerk" class="mw-redirect" title="Schuilkerk">Schuilkerken</a> (<a href="/wiki/House_church" title="House church">house churches</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenedict2008313_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedict2008313-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Liberalism">Liberalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Liberalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the mid-19th century, the Remonstrant Brotherhood was influenced by liberalism,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZijpp1959_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEZijpp1959-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson2012_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2012-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which in Holland was embodied by <a href="/wiki/Petrus_Hofstede_de_Groot" title="Petrus Hofstede de Groot">Petrus Hofstede de Groot</a> (1802–1886).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> His theology had a wide audience in Europe, which is characteristic of the romantic phase of <a href="/wiki/Christian_humanism" title="Christian humanism">Christian humanism</a>; in the Netherlands, this line of thought has been represented by the "theologians of Groningen" since 1830. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Remonstrants’_theological_legacy"><span id="Early_Remonstrants.E2.80.99_theological_legacy"></span>Early Remonstrants’ theological legacy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early Remonstrants’ theological legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Arminianism#Current_landscape" title="Arminianism">Arminianism § Current landscape</a></div> <p>Most of the early Remonstrants followed classical Arminianism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson2012._8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2012.-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, they are not the only Protestants who can be considered Arminian or who are called Arminians. Arminianism is a minority within the <a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a> confession, but it really belongs to the larger, cross-denominational current of <a href="/wiki/Synergism" title="Synergism">synergism</a>, that is to say, historic, majority Christianity. As Arminianism, it made inroads into the <a href="/wiki/Arminianism_in_the_Church_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Arminianism in the Church of England">Church of England</a>. As a broader synergism, it appears in <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/General_Baptists" title="General Baptists">General Baptists</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Adventist_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist Church">Adventist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Charismatic_movement" title="Charismatic movement">Charismatic movement</a>, and a number of other <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a> denominations. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_Remonstrant_Brotherhood">Modern Remonstrant Brotherhood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Modern Remonstrant Brotherhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Remonstrantsekerk_Groningen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Remonstrantsekerk_Groningen.jpg/200px-Remonstrantsekerk_Groningen.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="337" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Remonstrantsekerk_Groningen.jpg/300px-Remonstrantsekerk_Groningen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Remonstrantsekerk_Groningen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="518" /></a><figcaption>A Remonstrant church in <a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a>, Netherlands</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_church">The church</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The church"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Remonstrant Brotherhood continues as a church in the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. The Remonstrants first received official recognition in 1795. Their chief congregation has been in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchaffHerzog1953Chap._3–4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaffHerzog1953Chap._3–4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, the Remonstrant Brotherhood has about 5,000 members and "friends", in more than 40 congregations in the Netherlands,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELBR2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and one congregation in Friedrichstadt, in northern Germany (2008).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2015_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELBR2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Remonstrant Brotherhood of <a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">The Netherlands</a> keeps fellowship with the <a href="/wiki/European_Liberal_Protestant_Network" title="European Liberal Protestant Network">European Liberal Protestant Network</a>, and is a full, charter member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Alliance_of_Reformed_Churches" title="World Alliance of Reformed Churches">World Alliance of Reformed Churches</a>. It is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/Communion_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe" title="Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe">Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe</a>. </p><p>In line with the progressive views on religion, Remonstrants have been blessing <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex partnerships</a> on an equal footing as different sex weddings from 1986 onwards (church weddings have no legal status in the Netherlands, where the legally acknowledged civil same-sex marriages became possible in 2001).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2019_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELBR2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEnu.nl2011_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEnu.nl2011-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this the Remonstrants were the first Christian church in the world to bless same-sex relationships similar to other relations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrouw.nl2010_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETrouw.nl2010-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Remonstrants place big emphasis on personal faith and are not in agreement with one another on questions of faith and social issues. They consider that the message of the <a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospel</a> can not be separated from true choices in the struggle to live together, on the road to a world with peace and justice.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2015_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELBR2015-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> What binds them is the Statement of Principle: </p> <blockquote> <p><i>The Remonstrant Church is a community of faith which, rooted in the gospel of Jesus Christ, and true to its principle of freedom and tolerance, seeks to worship and serve God.</i> </p> </blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Confessions_of_faith">Confessions of faith</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Confessions of faith"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Remonstrant_Confession" title="Remonstrant Confession">Remonstrant Confession</a></div> <p>In addition to the Statement of Principle, most contemporary Remonstrants write their own declaration or profession of faith when they become a member of the community. The brotherhood did express at three times in their history the faith they share in a confessional statement, in 1621, 1940 and 2006. Remonstrants however, being a <a href="/wiki/Creed#Christians_without_creeds" title="Creed">non-creedal</a> denomination, consider no confession to have indisputable authority.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2019_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELBR2019-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes_and_references">Notes and references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEChisholm1911_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFChisholm1911">Chisholm 1911</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaffHerzog1953Chap._2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchaffHerzog1953Chap._2_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchaffHerzog1953">Schaff & Herzog 1953</a>, Chap. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEEpiscopiusEllis2005-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEEpiscopiusEllis2005_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEpiscopiusEllis2005">Episcopius & Ellis 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDe_Jong1968220–-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDe_Jong1968220–_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDe_Jong1968">De Jong 1968</a>, pp. 220–. 1. that the divine decree of predestination is conditional, not absolute; 2. that the Atonement is in intention universal; 3. that man cannot of himself exercise a saving faith; 4. that though the grace of God is a necessary condition of human effort, it does not act irresistibly in man; and 5. that believers are able to resist sin but are not beyond the possibility of falling from grace.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBenedict2008313-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBenedict2008313_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBenedict2008">Benedict 2008</a>, p. 313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEZijpp1959-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEZijpp1959_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFZijpp1959">Zijpp 1959</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2012-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson2012_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlson2012">Olson 2012</a>. I completely omit [as a reference for defining Arminianism] “Arminians of the head,” those Remonstrants and their heirs who veered off into rationalism, deism and liberalism. For the most part they stopped identifying as Arminians anyway.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOlson2012.-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOlson2012._8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOlson2012">Olson 2012</a>, ..</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESchaffHerzog1953Chap._3–4-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESchaffHerzog1953Chap._3–4_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSchaffHerzog1953">Schaff & Herzog 1953</a>, Chap. 3–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELBR2016-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2016_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLBR2016">LBR 2016</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELBR2015-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2015_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2015_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLBR2015">LBR 2015</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELBR2019-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2019_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELBR2019_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLBR2019">LBR 2019</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEnu.nl2011-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEnu.nl2011_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFnu.nl2011">nu.nl 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETrouw.nl2010-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETrouw.nl2010_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTrouw.nl2010">Trouw.nl 2010</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBenedict2008" class="citation book cs1">Benedict, Philip (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JKj_x3W01hoC"><i>Christ's Churches Purely Reformed: A Social History of Calvinism</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300127225" title="Special:BookSources/978-0300127225"><bdi>978-0300127225</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ%27s+Churches+Purely+Reformed%3A+A+Social+History+of+Calvinism&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0300127225&rft.aulast=Benedict&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJKj_x3W01hoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span class="noprint"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> </span>This article incorporates text from a publication now in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). "<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Remonstrants" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Remonstrants">Remonstrants</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 23 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Remonstrants&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=82&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Jong1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Y._De_Jong" title="Peter Y. De Jong">De Jong, Peter</a> (1968). "The Opinions of the Remonstrants (1618)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evangelicalarminians.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Opinions-of-the-Remonstrants-1618.pdf"><i>Crisis in the Reformed Churches: Essays in Commemoration of the Great Synod of Dordt, 1618–1619</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Grand Rapids: Reformed Fellowship.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Opinions+of+the+Remonstrants+%281618%29&rft.btitle=Crisis+in+the+Reformed+Churches%3A+Essays+in+Commemoration+of+the+Great+Synod+of+Dordt%2C+1618%E2%80%931619&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Reformed+Fellowship&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=De+Jong&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevangelicalarminians.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F03%2FOpinions-of-the-Remonstrants-1618.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEpiscopiusEllis2005" class="citation book cs1">Episcopius, Simon; Ellis, Mark A. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://evangelicalarminians.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Ellis.-ARMINIAN-CONFESSION-OF-1621.pdf"><i>The Arminian confession of 1621</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Eugene: Pickwick Publications.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arminian+confession+of+1621&rft.place=Eugene&rft.pub=Pickwick+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Episcopius&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Mark+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fevangelicalarminians.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2014%2F11%2FEllis.-ARMINIAN-CONFESSION-OF-1621.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFnu.nl2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">nu.nl (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nu.nl/boek/2625370/kerken-komen-kast-in-boek.html">"Kerken komen uit de kast in boek"</a> (in Dutch). nu.nl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kerken+komen+uit+de+kast+in+boek&rft.pub=nu.nl&rft.date=2011&rft.au=nu.nl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nu.nl%2Fboek%2F2625370%2Fkerken-komen-kast-in-boek.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLBR2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LBR (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.remonstranten.nl/wiki/geloof/belijdenis/">"Belijdenis"</a> (in Dutch). Landelijk Bureau Remonstranten<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Belijdenis&rft.pub=Landelijk+Bureau+Remonstranten&rft.date=2019&rft.au=LBR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.remonstranten.nl%2Fwiki%2Fgeloof%2Fbelijdenis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLBR2015" class="citation web cs1">LBR (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.remonstranten.nl/engels/">"Remonstrant Church"</a>. Landelijk Bureau Remonstranten<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-01-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remonstrant+Church&rft.pub=Landelijk+Bureau+Remonstranten&rft.date=2015&rft.au=LBR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.remonstranten.nl%2Fengels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLBR2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">LBR (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.remonstranten.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Jaarverslag-2015-Commissie-tot-de-Zaken-Remonstrantse-Broederschap.pdf">"Deel 2 Commissie tot de Zaken – Activiteiten"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Dutch). Landelijk Bureau Remonstranten<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Deel+2+Commissie+tot+de+Zaken+%E2%80%93+Activiteiten&rft.pub=Landelijk+Bureau+Remonstranten&rft.date=2016&rft.au=LBR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.remonstranten.nl%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F07%2FJaarverslag-2015-Commissie-tot-de-Zaken-Remonstrantse-Broederschap.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson2012" class="citation web cs1">Olson, Roger E. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.patheos.com/blogs/rogereolson/2012/02/who-is-or-might-be-an-arminian/">"Who Is (or Might Be) an Arminian?"</a>. <i>Roger E. Olson: My evangelical, Arminian theological musings</i>. Patheos<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Roger+E.+Olson%3A+My+evangelical%2C+Arminian+theological+musings&rft.atitle=Who+Is+%28or+Might+Be%29+an+Arminian%3F&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Olson&rft.aufirst=Roger+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.patheos.com%2Fblogs%2Frogereolson%2F2012%2F02%2Fwho-is-or-might-be-an-arminian%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrouw.nl2010" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Trouw.nl (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trouw.nl/tr/nl/4324/nieuws/article/detail/1086030/2010/01/25/Remonstranten-en-Boomsma-krijgen-homo-emancipatieprijs.dhtml">"Remonstranten en Boomsma krijgen homo-emancipatieprijs"</a> (in Dutch). Trouw.nl<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Remonstranten+en+Boomsma+krijgen+homo-emancipatieprijs&rft.pub=Trouw.nl&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Trouw.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.trouw.nl%2Ftr%2Fnl%2F4324%2Fnieuws%2Farticle%2Fdetail%2F1086030%2F2010%2F01%2F25%2FRemonstranten-en-Boomsma-krijgen-homo-emancipatieprijs.dhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchaffHerzog1953" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Schaff, Philip; Herzog, Jakob (1953). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/encyc09.html?term=Remonstrants">"Remonstrants"</a>. <i>The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge</i>. Vol. 9. Grand Rapids: Baker.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Remonstrants&rft.btitle=The+New+Schaff-Herzog+Encyclopedia+of+Religious+Knowledge&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pub=Baker&rft.date=1953&rft.aulast=Schaff&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft.au=Herzog%2C+Jakob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ccel.org%2Fccel%2Fschaff%2Fencyc09.html%3Fterm%3DRemonstrants&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZijpp1959" class="citation book cs1">Zijpp, Nanne van der (1959). "Remonstrants". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gameo.org/index.php?title=Remonstrants&oldid=146127"><i>Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Remonstrants&rft.btitle=Global+Anabaptist+Mennonite+Encyclopedia+Online&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Zijpp&rft.aufirst=Nanne+van+der&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgameo.org%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DRemonstrants%26oldid%3D146127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARemonstrants" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Aken, Lucie J N K van, 1947. <i>De Remonstrantse Broederschap in Verleden en Heden. Historische Schets,</i> Arnhem: Van Loghum Slaterus</li> <li>Brouwers, J F e.a. (red), 2005. <i>Wat We Nog Weten. Amsterdamse Remonstranten in de 20ste eeuw. 375-jarig Bestaan Remonstrantse Gemeente Amsterdam,</i> Amsterdam: Remonstrantse Gemeente Amsterdam</li> <li>Barnard, T, 2006. <i>Van verstoten kind tot belijdende kerk: de Remonstrantse Broederschap tussen 1850 en 1940</i>, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw</li> <li>Barnard, T, en E Cossee, 2007. <i>Arminianen in de Maasstad: 375 jaar Remonstrantse Gemeente Rotterdam</i>, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw</li> <li>Cossee, E, 1988. <i>Abraham des Amorie van der Hoeven, 1798–1855: een Remonstrants theoloog in de Biedermeiertijd,</i> Kampen: Kok</li> <li>Cossee, E, Th M van Leeuwen, M A Bosman-Huizinga, 2000. <i>De remonstranten</i>, Kampen: Kok</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Episcopius" title="Simon Episcopius">Episcopius, Simon</a>, 1627. <i>Vrye godes-dienst, of t'Samen-spreeckinghe tusschen Remonstrant en Contra-Remonstrant, over de vrye godts-dienstighe vergaderinghen der Remonstranten.: Met wederlegginge van Douchers oproerighe predicatie: C. Dungani redeloose salvatien, &c</i>.</li> <li>Goud, J en K Holtzapffel (red), 2004. <i>Wij Geloven – Wat Geloven Wij?. Remonstrants Belijden in 1940 en Nu.</i> Zoetermeer: Meinema</li> <li>Keune, W T, C Ginjaar, J Schaafstra, 1978. <i>Doopsgezind en Remonstrant in Dokkum</i>, Van der Helm</li> <li>Sirks, G J, 1955. <i>Verantwoording en verantwoordelijkheid van ons Remonstrant-zijn,</i> Lochum: De Tijdstroom</li> <li>Slis, P L, 2006. <i>De Remonstrantse Broederschap: Biografische Naamlijst, 1905–2005 : Gemeenten, Landelijke Organen, Predikanten en Proponenten, Publicaties</i>, Eburon</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_Vuyk&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon Vuyk (page does not exist)">Vuyk, S</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Vuyk" class="extiw" title="nl:Simon Vuyk">nl</a>]</span>, 2002. <i>De Dronken Arminiaanse Dominee. Over de Schaduwzijde der Verlichte Remonstranten</i>, Amsterdam: De Bataafsche Leeuw</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Archdiocese_of_Russian_Orthodox_churches_in_Western_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe">Archdiocese of Russian Orthodox churches in Western Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Greek Metropolis of Belgium and the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_The_Hague_and_the_Netherlands" title="Diocese of The Hague and the Netherlands">Russian Orthodox Diocese of The Hague and the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Eparchy_of_Western_Europe" title="Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Western Europe">Serbian Orthodox Eparchy of Western Europe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Catholic_Eparchy_of_Saint_Vladimir_the_Great_of_Paris" title="Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy of Saint Vladimir the Great of Paris">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Western_Christianity" title="Western Christianity">Western Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Catholic_Church_of_the_Netherlands" title="Old Catholic Church of the Netherlands">Old Catholic Church</a><sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Catholic Church in the Netherlands">Roman Catholic Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_and_uniting_churches" title="United and uniting churches">United</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Protestant Church in the Netherlands">Protestant Church in the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Churches" title="Christian Reformed Churches">Christian Reformed Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continued_Reformed_Churches_in_the_Netherlands" title="Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands">Continued Reformed Churches in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Covenant_of_Free_Evangelical_Congregations_in_the_Netherlands" title="Covenant of Free Evangelical Congregations in the Netherlands">Covenant of Free Evangelical Congregations in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Churches" title="Dutch Reformed Churches">Dutch Reformed Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indonesian_Christian_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Indonesian Christian Church in the Netherlands">Indonesian Christian Church in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Reformed_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Korean Reformed Church in the Netherlands">Korean Reformed Church in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moluccan_Evangelical_Church" title="Moluccan Evangelical Church">Moluccan Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-Reformed_Congregations_in_the_Netherlands" title="Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands">Old-Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old-Reformed_Congregations_(unconnected)" title="Old-Reformed Congregations (unconnected)">Old-Reformed Congregations (unconnected)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Churches_in_the_Netherlands_(Restored)" title="Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Restored)">Reformed Churches in the Netherlands (Restored)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Congregations" title="Reformed Congregations">Reformed Congregations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Congregations_in_the_Netherlands" title="Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands">Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Congregations_in_the_Netherlands_(unconnected)" title="Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected)">Reformed Congregations in the Netherlands (unconnected)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restored_Reformed_Church" title="Restored Reformed Church">Restored Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mennonites_in_the_Netherlands" title="Mennonites in the Netherlands">Mennonites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Baptist_Churches_in_the_Netherlands" title="Union of Baptist Churches in the Netherlands">Union of Baptist Churches in the Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brotherhood_of_Baptist_Churches" title="Brotherhood of Baptist Churches">Brotherhood of Baptist Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salvation_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvation Army">Salvation Army</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Adventist" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventist">Adventist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal" class="mw-redirect" title="Pentecostal">Pentecostal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Pentecostal_and_Evangelical_Churches" title="United Pentecostal and Evangelical Churches">United Pentecostal and Evangelical Churches</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diocese_in_Europe#Archdeaconry_of_North_West_Europe" title="Diocese in Europe">Anglicanism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Remonstrants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Restorationist" class="mw-redirect" title="Restorationist">Restorationist</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Apostolic_Church" title="New Apostolic Church">New Apostolic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_the_Netherlands" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Netherlands">The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in the Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interdenominational<br />organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=MissieNederland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MissieNederland (page does not exist)">MissieNederland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not in <a href="/wiki/Koinonia" title="Koinonia">communion</a> with the rest of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Utrecht_(Old_Catholic)" title="Union of Utrecht (Old Catholic)">Union of Utrecht</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Communion_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe_member_churches" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:CPCE" title="Template:CPCE"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:CPCE&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:CPCE (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CPCE" title="Special:EditPage/Template:CPCE"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Communion_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe_member_churches" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Communion_of_Protestant_Churches_in_Europe" title="Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe">Communion of Protestant Churches in Europe</a> member churches</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional<sup id="cite_ref-note_n0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-note_n0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />"Federations"</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Protestant_Churches_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Union of Protestant Churches of Alsace and Lorraine">Alsace and<br />Lorraine</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(0.25 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession of Alsace and Lorraine">Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Alsace_and_Lorraine" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Alsace and Lorraine">Reformed</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant Church in Germany">Germany</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(19.2 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="United churches">United</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(8.1 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Anhalt" title="Protestant Church of Anhalt">Anhalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Baden" title="Protestant Church in Baden">Baden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Berlin,_Brandenburg_and_Silesian_Upper_Lusatia" title="Evangelical Church in Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia">Berlin, Brandenburg and Silesian Upper Lusatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Bremen" title="Evangelical Church of Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Central_Germany" title="Evangelical Church in Central Germany">Central Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Hesse_Electorate-Waldeck" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Church of Hesse Electorate-Waldeck">Hesse Electorate-Waldeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_Hesse_and_Nassau" title="Protestant Church in Hesse and Nassau">Hesse and Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Palatinate" title="Evangelical Church of the Palatinate">Palatinate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_the_Rhineland" title="Evangelical Church in the Rhineland">Rhineland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Westphalia" title="Evangelical Church of Westphalia">Westphalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(10.8 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Bavaria" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Bavaria">Bavaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Brunswick" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Brunswick">Brunswick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_of_Hanover" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Northern_Germany" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Northern Germany">Northern Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Oldenburg" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Oldenburg">Oldenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_of_Saxony" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Saxony">Saxony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Schaumburg-Lippe" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Schaumburg-Lippe">Schaumburg-Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_W%C3%BCrttemberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran Church in Württemberg">Württemberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(0.3 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Lippe" title="Church of Lippe">Church of Lippe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Germany" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Germany">Evangelical Reformed Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Switzerland" title="Protestant Church of Switzerland">Switzerland</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(2.4 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reformed" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_of_Aargau" title="Reformed Church of Aargau">Aargau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_Appenzell" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of Appenzell">Appenzell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_Basel-Landschaft" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton Basel-Landschaft">Basel-Landschaft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_Basel-Stadt" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton Basel-Stadt">Basel-Stadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Churches_of_the_Canton_Bern-Jura-Solothurn" title="Reformed Churches of the Canton Bern-Jura-Solothurn">Bern-Jura-Solothurn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_Freiburg" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton Freiburg">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Geneva" title="Protestant Church of Geneva">Geneva</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Glarus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Glarus (page does not exist)">Glarus</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-Reformierte_Landeskirche_des_Kantons_Glarus" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-Reformierte Landeskirche des Kantons Glarus">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_Graub%C3%BCnden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of Graubünden (page does not exist)">Graubünden</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-reformierte_Landeskirche_Graub%C3%BCnden" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-reformierte Landeskirche Graubünden">de</a>; <a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baselgia_evangelica_refuormada_dal_Grischun" class="extiw" title="rm:Baselgia evangelica refuormada dal Grischun">rm</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Lucerne" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Lucerne">Lucerne</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Neuch%C3%A2tel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reformed Church of the Canton of Neuchâtel (page does not exist)">Neuchâtel</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89glise_r%C3%A9form%C3%A9e_%C3%A9vang%C3%A9lique_du_canton_de_Neuch%C3%A2tel" class="extiw" title="fr:Église réformée évangélique du canton de Neuchâtel">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_Nidwalen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of Nidwalen (page does not exist)">Nidwalen</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-Reformierte_Kirche_Nidwalden" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-Reformierte Kirche Nidwalden">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Association_of_Evangelical-Reformed_Churches_in_the_Canton_of_Obwalden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Association of Evangelical-Reformed Churches in the Canton of Obwalden (page does not exist)">Obwalden</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verband_der_evangelisch-reformierten_Kirchgemeinden_des_Kantons_Obwalden" class="extiw" title="de:Verband der evangelisch-reformierten Kirchgemeinden des Kantons Obwalden">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_St._Gallen" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of St. Gallen">St. Gallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangalical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Schaffhausen" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangalical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Schaffhausen">Schaffhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Schwyz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Schwyz (page does not exist)">Schwyz</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-reformierte_Kantonalkirche_Schwyz" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-reformierte Kantonalkirche Schwyz">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Solothurn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Solothurn (page does not exist)">Solothurn</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-Reformierte_Kirche_im_Kanton_Solothurn" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-Reformierte Kirche im Kanton Solothurn">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_Ticino&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of Ticino (page does not exist)">Ticino</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiesa_evangelica_riformata_nel_Ticino" class="extiw" title="de:Chiesa evangelica riformata nel Ticino">de</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Thurgau" title="Evangelical Church of the Canton of Thurgau">Thurgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_Uri" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of Uri">Uri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Vaud" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Vaud">Vaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_in_Valais" title="Evangelical Reformed Church in Valais">Valais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Z%C3%BCrich" title="Evangelical Reformed Church of the Canton of Zürich">Zürich</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Evangelical-Reformed_Church_of_the_Canton_of_Zug&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Evangelical-Reformed Church of the Canton of Zug (page does not exist)">Zug</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evangelisch-reformierte_Kirchgemeinde_des_Kantons_Zug" class="extiw" title="de:Evangelisch-reformierte Kirchgemeinde des Kantons Zug">de</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_churches" class="mw-redirect" title="United churches">United</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1.94 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_in_Belgium" title="United Protestant Church in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_Czech_Brethren" title="Evangelical Church of Czech Brethren">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Protestant_Church_of_France" title="United Protestant Church of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_of_Methodist_and_Waldensian_Churches" title="Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_Liechtenstein" title="Evangelical Church in Liechtenstein">Liechtenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_Luxembourg" title="Protestant Church of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_in_the_Netherlands" title="Protestant Church in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_Evangelical_Church" title="Spanish Evangelical Church">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(8.6 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Austria" title="Protestant Church of the Augsburg Confession in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_in_the_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Evangelical Church in the Republic of Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession" title="Silesian Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Denmark" title="Church of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church" title="Estonian Evangelical Lutheran Church">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_Kazakhstan_and_Central_Asia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical-Lutheran_Church_in_Hungary" title="Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Iceland" title="Church of Iceland">Iceland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_in_Ireland" title="Lutheran Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Italy" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li>Latvia <ul><li>German Lutheran</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_Worldwide" title="Latvian Evangelical Lutheran Church Worldwide"><span style="color:Orange;">Abroad</span></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Lithuania" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Norway" title="Church of Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Poland" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li>Romania <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Romania" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Romania">German Lutheran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Romania" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Romania">Hungarian Lutheran</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_Kazakhstan_and_Central_Asia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Serbia" title="Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Slovakia" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_Augsburg_Confession_in_Slovenia" title="Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_of_Evangelical_Lutheran_Churches_in_Switzerland_and_the_Principality_of_Liechtenstein" title="Federation of Evangelical Lutheran Churches in Switzerland and the Principality of Liechtenstein">Switzerland</a></li> <li>Ukraine <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Russia,_Ukraine,_Kazakhstan_and_Central_Asia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Central Asia">German Lutheran</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Calvinism" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinism">Reformed</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(3.06 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Austria" title="Reformed Church in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Croatia" title="Reformed Christian Church in Croatia">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren_(Czech_Republic)" title="Church of the Brethren (Czech Republic)">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Synod_of_Denmark" title="Reformed Synod of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Evangelical_Church" title="Greek Evangelical Church">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Hungary" title="Reformed Church in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_Ireland" title="Presbyterian Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_Evangelical_Reformed_Church" title="Lithuanian Evangelical Reformed Church">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestant_Reformed_Church_of_Luxembourg" title="Protestant Reformed Church of Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_Reformed_Church" title="Polish Reformed Church">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_in_Portugal" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Romania" title="Reformed Church in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li>Scotland <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Free_Church_of_Scotland" title="United Free Church of Scotland">United Free Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Serbia" title="Reformed Christian Church in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Christian_Church_in_Slovakia" title="Reformed Christian Church in Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_Sub-Carpathia/_Reformed_Church_in_Transcarpathia" title="Reformed Church in Sub-Carpathia/ Reformed Church in Transcarpathia">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Reformed_Church" title="United Reformed Church">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_of_Wales" title="Presbyterian Church of Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(12.23 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_of_Great_Britain" title="Methodist Church of Great Britain">Great Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodist_Church_in_Ireland" title="Methodist Church in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church"><span style="color:Orange;">United Methodist Church</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hussites" title="Hussites">Hussites</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Czech Republic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Czechoslovak_Hussite_Church" title="Czechoslovak Hussite Church">Czechoslovak Hussite Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moravian_Church" title="Moravian Church"><span style="color:Orange;">Moravian Church</span></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Netherlands <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Remonstrant Brotherhood</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Outside Europe<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(0.04 million)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Argentina <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Church_of_the_River_Plate" title="Evangelical Church of the River Plate">United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Churches_in_Argentina" title="Reformed Churches in Argentina">Reformed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Methodist_Church_in_Argentina" title="Evangelical Methodist Church in Argentina">Methodist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Ecuador" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldensian_Evangelical_Church_of_the_River_Plate" title="Waldensian Evangelical Church of the River Plate">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden" title="Church of Sweden">Church of Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Finland" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniting_Church_in_Sweden" title="Uniting Church in Sweden">Uniting Church in Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Latvia" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia">Evangelical Lutheran Church of Latvia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-note_n0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-note_n0_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Those are legal umbrella bodies which represent their member churches before the national government. They encompass multiple individual autonomous churches of differnet traditions which are themselves members of the CPCE.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span style="color:Orange;">International churches</span> </p> <div class="reflist"> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Arminianism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Arminianism_footer" title="Template:Arminianism footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Arminianism_footer" title="Template talk:Arminianism footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arminianism_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Arminianism footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Arminianism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Arminianism" title="Arminianism">Arminianism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synod_of_Dort" title="Synod of Dort">Synod of Dort</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Remonstrants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Calvinist%E2%80%93Arminian_debate" title="History of the Calvinist–Arminian debate">Calvinist–Arminian debate</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arminius_5_flopped_and_cropped.png" class="mw-file-description" title="James Arminius"><img alt="James Arminius" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Arminius_5_flopped_and_cropped.png/125px-Arminius_5_flopped_and_cropped.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Arminius_5_flopped_and_cropped.png/188px-Arminius_5_flopped_and_cropped.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Arminius_5_flopped_and_cropped.png/250px-Arminius_5_flopped_and_cropped.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="518" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Documents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Five_Articles_of_Remonstrance" title="Five Articles of Remonstrance">Five Articles of Remonstrance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remonstrant_Confession" title="Remonstrant Confession">Remonstrant Confession</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Doctrine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Total_depravity" title="Total depravity">Total depravity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_election" title="Conditional election">Conditional election</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unlimited_atonement" title="Unlimited atonement">Unlimited atonement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prevenient_grace" title="Prevenient grace">Prevenient grace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conditional_preservation_of_the_saints" title="Conditional preservation of the saints">Conditional preservation of the saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historical theologians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacobus_Arminius" title="Jacobus Arminius">Jacobus Arminius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Episcopius" title="Simon Episcopius">Simon Episcopius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Grotius" title="Hugo Grotius">Hugo Grotius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Goodwin_(preacher)" title="John Goodwin (preacher)">John Goodwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Grantham_(Baptist)" title="Thomas Grantham (Baptist)">Thomas Grantham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Watson_(Methodist)" title="Richard Watson (Methodist)">Richard Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Osmond_Summers" title="Thomas Osmond Summers">Thomas Osmond Summers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Miley" title="John Miley">John Miley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Burt_Pope" title="William Burt Pope">William Burt Pope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Orton_Wiley" title="Henry Orton Wiley">Henry Orton Wiley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern theologians</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Kenneth_Grider" title="J. Kenneth Grider">J. Kenneth Grider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Pawson" title="David Pawson">David Pawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Oden" title="Thomas C. Oden">Thomas C. Oden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_R._Osborne" title="Grant R. Osborne">Grant R. Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Witherington_III" title="Ben Witherington III">Ben Witherington III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_E._Olson" title="Roger E. Olson">Roger E. Olson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_S._Keener" title="Craig S. Keener">Craig S. Keener</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B._J._Oropeza" title="B. J. Oropeza">B. J. Oropeza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arminianism_in_the_Church_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Arminianism in the Church of England">Arminianism in the Church of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Baptists" title="General Baptists">General Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_theology" title="Wesleyan theology">Wesleyan theology</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Adventist church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostalism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&oldid=1253517012">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Remonstrants&oldid=1253517012</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Remonstrants" title="Category:Remonstrants">Remonstrants</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Arminian_denominations" title="Category:Arminian denominations">Arminian denominations</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_terminology" title="Category:Christian terminology">Christian terminology</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Christian_denominations_in_the_Netherlands" title="Category:Christian denominations in the Netherlands">Christian denominations in the Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Reformed_Christianity_in_the_Netherlands" title="Category:History of Reformed Christianity in the Netherlands">History of Reformed Christianity in the Netherlands</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2019" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_a_citation_from_the_1911_Encyclopaedia_Britannica_with_Wikisource_reference" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference">Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Category:Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica">Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 26 October 2024, at 12:07<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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