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楚国 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
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href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=spontaneous&uselang=zh-hans"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录,但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD" title="建议你登录,尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-祖源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#祖源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>祖源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-祖源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-历史" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#历史"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>历史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-历史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关历史子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-历史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-起源" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#起源"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>起源</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-起源-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-建国及南征" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#建国及南征"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>建国及南征</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-建国及南征-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-自立为王" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#自立为王"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>自立为王</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-自立为王-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-争霸中原" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#争霸中原"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>争霸中原</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-争霸中原-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衰而复兴" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衰而复兴"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>衰而复兴</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衰而复兴-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-吴起变法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#吴起变法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>吴起变法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-吴起变法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-衰落" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#衰落"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>衰落</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-衰落-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-危局" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#危局"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>危局</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-危局-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-覆亡" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#覆亡"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>覆亡</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-覆亡-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-复国余绪" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#复国余绪"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>复国余绪</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-复国余绪-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-楚文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#楚文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>楚文化</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-楚文化-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关楚文化子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-楚文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-语言" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#语言"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>语言</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-语言-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-音乐" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#音乐"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>音乐</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-音乐-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-風俗" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#風俗"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>風俗</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-風俗-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-楚国君主列表" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#楚国君主列表"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>楚国君主列表</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-楚国君主列表-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-楚国公族" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#楚国公族"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>楚国公族</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-楚国公族-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-人物" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#人物"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>人物</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-人物-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关人物子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-人物-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-武将" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#武将"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>武将</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-武将-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文臣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文臣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>文臣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文臣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-詩人" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#詩人"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>詩人</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-詩人-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-楚臣" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#楚臣"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>楚臣</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-楚臣-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-考古" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#考古"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>考古</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-考古-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-備註" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#備註"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>備註</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-備註-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参考文献" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参考文献"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>参考文献</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参考文献-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-参见" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#参见"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>参见</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-参见-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-延伸阅读" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#延伸阅读"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>延伸阅读</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-延伸阅读-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">楚国</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="前往另一种语言写成的文章。42种语言可用" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-42" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">42种语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%88" title="ولاية تشو – 阿拉伯语" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ولاية تشو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="阿拉伯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Чу (царства) – 白俄罗斯语" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чу (царства)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="白俄罗斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estat_de_Chu" title="Estat de Chu – 加泰罗尼亚语" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Estat de Chu" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="加泰罗尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C_%DA%86%D9%88%D9%88" title="ویلایەتی چوو – 中库尔德语" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ویلایەتی چوو" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="中库尔德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%C3%A1lovstv%C3%AD_%C4%8Cchu" title="Království Čchu – 捷克语" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Království Čchu" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="捷克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(Staat)" title="Chu (Staat) – 德语" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chu (Staat)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="德语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(state)" title="Chu (state) – 英语" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Chu (state)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%88u_(%C5%9Dtato)" title="Ĉu (ŝtato) – 世界语" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Ĉu (ŝtato)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="世界语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estado_Chu" title="Estado Chu – 西班牙语" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Estado Chu" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="西班牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_riik" title="Chu riik – 爱沙尼亚语" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Chu riik" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="爱沙尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA_%DA%86%D9%88" title="ایالت چو – 波斯语" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایالت چو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="波斯语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu" title="Chu – 芬兰语" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chu" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(%C3%89tat)" title="Chu (État) – 法语" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chu (État)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="法语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%27%D7%95_(%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%94)" title="צ'ו (מדינה) – 希伯来语" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צ'ו (מדינה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="希伯来语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF_(%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A8)" title="चू राज्य (प्राचीन चीन) – 印地语" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चू राज्य (प्राचीन चीन)" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="印地语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Chu (država) – 克罗地亚语" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Chu (država)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(negara)" title="Chu (negara) – 印度尼西亚语" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chu (negara)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="印度尼西亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(stato)" title="Chu (stato) – 意大利语" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Chu (stato)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="意大利语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%9A_(%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B)" title="楚 (春秋) – 日语" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="楚 (春秋)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B4%88_(%EC%B6%98%EC%B6%94_%EC%A0%84%EA%B5%AD)" title="초 (춘추 전국) – 韩语" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="초 (춘추 전국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韩语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cu_karalyst%C4%97" title="Ču karalystė – 立陶宛语" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Ču karalystė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="立陶宛语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83_(%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Чу (држава) – 马其顿语" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Чу (држава)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="马其顿语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83_%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B3" title="Чу ванлиг – 蒙古语" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Чу ванлиг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="蒙古语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(staat)" title="Chu (staat) – 荷兰语" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chu (staat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="荷兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu" title="Chu – 挪威尼诺斯克语" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Chu" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="挪威尼诺斯克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu" title="Chu – 书面挪威语" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chu" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="书面挪威语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(okres_Zhou)" title="Chu (okres Zhou) – 波兰语" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chu (okres Zhou)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="波兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Chu" title="Reino de Chu – 葡萄牙语" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino de Chu" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="葡萄牙语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(stat)" title="Chu (stat) – 罗马尼亚语" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Chu (stat)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="罗马尼亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Чу (царство) – 俄语" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Чу (царство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="俄语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(dr%C5%BEava)" title="Chu (država) – 塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Chu (država)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="塞尔维亚-克罗地亚语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cchu_(%C5%A1t%C3%A1t)" title="Čchu (štát) – 斯洛伐克语" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Čchu (štát)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="斯洛伐克语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu_(stat)" title="Chu (stat) – 瑞典语" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chu (stat)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="瑞典语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%90%E0%B8%89%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%88" title="รัฐฉู่ – 泰语" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รัฐฉู่" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="泰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu" title="Chu – 土耳其语" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Chu" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="土耳其语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%83_(%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Чу (держава) – 乌克兰语" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чу (держава)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="乌克兰语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88_(%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA)" title="چو (ریاست) – 乌尔都语" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چو (ریاست)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="乌尔都语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%E1%BB%9F_(n%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc)" title="Sở (nước) – 越南语" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Sở (nước)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="越南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD" title="楚国 – 吴语" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="楚国" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吴语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%9A" title="楚 – 文言文" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="楚" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="文言文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%B3%CD%98-kok" title="Chhó͘-kok – 闽南语" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Chhó͘-kok" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="闽南语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A5%9A_(%E5%91%A8)" title="楚 (周) – 粤语" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="楚 (周)" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="粤语" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q504759#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="编辑跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">编辑链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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.infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">楚</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">地位</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周朝</a>诸侯国</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">国都</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">遷都順序:<br />1. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%98%B3_(%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD)" title="丹阳 (楚国)">丹阳</a><br /><small>或认为是今河南省<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF" title="淅川县">淅川县</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BE%99%E5%9F%8E_(%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF)" title="龙城 (淅川县)">龙城遗址</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small><br />2. <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%84%A2%E9%83%A2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="鄢郢(页面不存在)">鄢郢</a>(疆<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r80905552">.mw-parser-output ruby.zy{text-align:justify;text-justify:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rp{user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt{font-feature-settings:"ruby"1;font-size:90%;user-select:none}.mw-parser-output ruby.zy>rt+rt{padding-left:0.15em}</style><ruby class="zy center"><rb>郢</rb><rp>(</rp><rt lang="zh-Latn-pinyin">yǐng</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>)<br /><small>或认为是今湖北省<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="宜城市">宜城市</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%9A%87%E5%9F%8E%E5%9F%8E%E5%9D%80" title="楚皇城城址">楚皇城城址</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small><br />3. <a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="纪南城">纪郢</a>:<br /><small>或认为是今湖北省<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%86%E5%B7%9E%E5%8C%BA" title="荆州区">荆州区</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%BA%AA%E5%8D%97%E6%95%85%E5%9F%8E" title="楚纪南故城">楚纪南故城</a><br />(楚國強盛時期長達200多年的郢都皇城)<br /></small>4. 陈郢<br /><small><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E6%A5%9A%E6%95%85%E5%9F%8E" title="陈楚故城">遗址</a>在今河南省<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E9%98%B3%E5%8E%BF" class="mw-redirect" title="淮阳县">淮阳县</a></small><br />5. 寿郢<br /><small><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E6%98%A5%E5%9F%8E%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="寿春城遗址">遗址</a>在今安徽省<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E5%8E%BF" title="寿县">寿县</a></small><br />6. 彭城<br /><small>江蘇省<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="徐州">徐州</a></small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">政府</th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%98%E5%9C%B0" title="領地">封地</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 始封此國者 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%88%90%E7%8E%8B" title="周成王">周成王</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 爵位 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">子爵<br />前704年自称为王</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%93" title="姓">姓</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">芈</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/%E6%B0%8F" title="氏">氏</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">熊</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 始祖 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E8%BF%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="季连">季连</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 亡国之君 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style=""><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%90%AF" class="mw-redirect" title="熊启">熊啟</a>(楚昌平君)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="">分封</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style=""><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r83732082"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 创始 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前11世纪中叶</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 灭亡 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">前223年</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style=""><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 灭亡原因 </div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="">为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦国</a>所灭</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="">史书记载</th><td class="infobox-data" style="">1.《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%8F%AF%E7%B0%A1" title="清華簡">清华简</a>》<br /><small>(楚居)</small><br />2.《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>》<br /><small>(卷40:楚世家)</small><br />3. 《<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%B7%A6%E6%B0%8F%E4%BC%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋左氏传">春秋左氏传</a>》<br /><small>(始见于<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E6%A1%93%E5%85%AC" title="鲁桓公">桓公</a>二年)</small></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png/330px-%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png/495px-%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png/660px-%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>春秋诸侯大国简图</figcaption></figure> <p><b>楚国</b>,又称<b>荆国</b>、<b>荆楚</b>,起源於商朝,<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="诸侯国">诸侯国</a>。楚國是<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%91%A8" title="东周">春秋战国</a>时期的强國,在春秋時被中原諸侯視為<a href="/wiki/%E8%A0%BB%E5%A4%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="蠻夷">蠻夷</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%8E%8A%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚莊王">楚莊王</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E4%BA%94%E9%9C%B8" title="春秋五霸">春秋五霸</a>之一,楚國後來亦是<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%83%E9%9B%84" class="mw-redirect" title="戰國七雄">戰國七雄</a>之一。楚国國君<a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%88%E5%A7%93" title="芈姓">芈</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>姓<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%A7%93" title="熊姓">熊</a>氏,最早兴起于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E6%B1%9F" title="丹江">丹江流域</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E6%B0%B4" title="丹水">丹水</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="淅水">淅水</a>交汇的<a href="/wiki/%E8%80%81%E5%9F%8E%E9%95%87_(%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF)" title="老城镇 (淅川县)">淅川</a>一带<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="战国时期">战国</a>中期楚国到达全盛,极盛时期疆域西起<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B7%B4%E5%B1%B1" title="大巴山">大巴山</a>,东到大海,北至<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%AE%E6%B2%B3" title="淮河">淮</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9C%E6%B0%B4%E6%B2%B3" title="汜水河">汜</a>,南达<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%B2%AD" title="南岭">五岭</a>。 </p><p>楚人的活動歷史可以上追到商朝,據《竹書紀年》<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>與《詩經》<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>記載,商王<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81" title="武丁">武丁</a>攻打<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC%E6%96%B9" title="鬼方">鬼方</a>時,曾經征討楚人;其先祖<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BB%E7%86%8A" title="鬻熊">鬻熊</a>為殷商諸候,<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周">西周</a>初期,<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%88%90%E7%8E%8B" title="周成王">周成王</a>封<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E7%B9%B9" title="熊繹">熊绎</a>于楚蛮,居<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%98%B3%E9%95%87_(%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF)" title="丹阳镇 (淅川县)">丹阳</a>,爵位<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5" title="子爵">子爵</a>。前704年,楚子<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="楚武王">熊通</a>自立为王(史称楚武王)。春秋早期,楚国大举扩张,灭亡<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B1%89%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="江汉平原">江汉</a>流域众多诸侯国,成为南方第一大国。前597年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BA%84%E7%8E%8B" title="楚庄王">楚庄王</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B2%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="邲之战">邲之战</a>中击败中原霸主<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="晋国">晋国</a>,被评为“<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E4%BA%94%E9%9C%B8" title="春秋五霸">春秋五霸</a>”之一。春秋晚期,在吴楚争霸中楚国连连失利,前506年,<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%96%E9%97%BE" title="阖闾">吴王阖闾</a>发兵攻楚,在<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E8%88%89%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="柏舉之戰">柏举之战</a>中大败楚军,一举攻破楚国<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A2" title="郢">郢都</a>,楚国在<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦国</a>帮助下得以复国。战国中期,楚国再次崛起,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="楚宣王">楚宣王</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%A8%81%E7%8E%8B" title="楚威王">楚威王</a>时代(前369年~前329年),楚国进入鼎盛时期,地方五千里,带甲百万,车千乘,骑万匹,粟支十年。史称“宣威盛世”。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%87%B7%E7%8E%8B" title="楚懷王">楚怀王</a>后期,内惑于<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E8%A2%96" title="鄭袖">郑袖</a>,外欺于<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A0%E4%BB%AA" title="张仪">张仪</a>,在蓝田、丹淅之战中大败于秦国,楚国逐渐走向衰落。前278年,秦将<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%B5%B7" title="白起">白起</a>攻占楚国鄢郢,楚国元气大伤。公元前223年,秦军攻破楚都<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E6%98%A5%E9%95%87" title="寿春镇">寿春</a>,虏<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%8E%8B%E8%B2%A0%E8%8A%BB" title="楚王負芻">楚王負芻</a>,楚国灭亡。 </p><p>由于楚国发源壮大于湖北,故常把<a href="/wiki/%E6%B9%96%E5%8C%97%E7%9C%81" title="湖北省">湖北</a>称为楚。而湖南同为楚地。为避免争议,湖北自称荆楚,湖南称湘楚,以示区隔。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="祖源"><span id=".E7.A5.96.E6.BA.90"></span>祖源</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节:祖源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E4%BA%BA" title="楚人">楚人</a></div> <p>大致可分为以下几说<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9B%E9%A1%BC" title="颛顼">颛顼</a>(高阳)說<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>:楚国诗人<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F" title="屈原">屈原</a>在其《<a href="/wiki/%E7%A6%BB%E9%AA%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="离骚">离骚</a>》中亦称:“帝高阳之苗裔兮,朕皇考曰伯庸。”<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E8%9E%8D" title="祝融">祝融</a>說:<a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%8E%9A%E5%AE%A3" title="胡厚宣">胡厚宣</a>在《楚民族源于东方考》(<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%A6" title="北京大学">北京大学</a>《史学论丛》第一册,1934年)认为楚之始祖为<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E8%9E%8D" title="祝融">祝融</a>。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%8F" title="华夏">华夏</a>说:王族出自华夏,夏商周三代分封诸侯国一直奉行“夏君夷民”的做法。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%A4%B7" title="东夷">东夷</a>说:<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E6%B2%AB%E8%8B%A5" title="郭沫若">郭沫若</a>《中国古代社会研究》(<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%8D%8E%E4%BE%A8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE" title="中国华侨出版社">中国华侨出版社</a>,2008年,<a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787802224735" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 9787802224735</a>)和胡厚宣《楚族源于东方考》认为楚为东夷部落。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%97" class="mw-redirect" title="土著">土著</a>说:楚人来自<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>,但臣民大多为當地土著<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A8%E8%90%BD" title="部落">部落</a><span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>。</li> <li>西來说:认为楚之先祖高阳氏颛顼来自在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%A5%BF%E5%8C%97" class="mw-redirect" title="中国西北">中国西北</a>境,即<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%86%E4%BB%91%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="昆仑山">昆仑山</a>一带,还有学者认为楚人是来自<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A" title="西亚">西亚</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E7%81%AB%E6%95%99" class="mw-redirect" title="拜火教">拜火教</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E7%B1%B3%E5%BA%95%E4%BA%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="米底亞">米底亚</a>人。</li> <li>部落融合说:楚先民是由<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%8E%E5%A4%8F" title="华夏">华夏</a>高阳氏的一支,南下与当地<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E8%91%97" class="mw-redirect" title="土著">土著</a>融合的结果。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="历史"><span id=".E5.8E.86.E5.8F.B2"></span>历史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节:历史"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="起源"><span id=".E8.B5.B7.E6.BA.90"></span>起源</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节:起源"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>楚之先祖出自<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%B8%9D" title="黄帝">黄帝</a>之孙,<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E6%84%8F" title="昌意">昌意</a>之子,帝<a href="/wiki/%E9%A2%9B%E9%A1%BC" title="颛顼">颛顼</a>高阳氏。颛顼后第五代曾孫<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%9B%9E_(%E7%A5%9E%E8%AF%9D)" class="mw-redirect" title="吴回 (神话)">吴回</a>,是帝<a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B3" title="嚳">高辛氏</a>的火正(火官),主管天火与地火,能光融天下,<a href="/wiki/%E5%9A%B3" title="嚳">帝喾</a>命之曰<a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E8%9E%8D" title="祝融">祝融</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。其部落分布在今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河南">河南</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%83%91" class="mw-redirect" title="新郑">新郑</a>一带,直到<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="春秋时期">春秋</a>时期<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="鄭國">郑国</a>都城新郑仍被称为祝融之墟。吴回之子<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%86%E7%BB%88" title="陆终">陆终</a>,生有六子,幼子曰<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E8%BF%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="季连">季连</a>,芈姓,是楚之先祖。<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="周文王">周文王</a>曾拜季连后裔<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BB%E7%86%8A" title="鬻熊">鬻熊</a>为师,由于这层师徒关系,<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BB%E7%86%8A" title="鬻熊">鬻熊</a>曾孙<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%86%8A%E7%B9%B9" class="mw-redirect" title="楚熊繹">熊绎</a>被周朝二代君主<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%88%90%E7%8E%8B" title="周成王">周成王</a>封为子楚(楚国国君,爵位为子爵)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%B1%89" title="西汉">西汉</a>史家<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC%E8%BF%81" class="mw-redirect" title="司马迁">司马迁</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" title="史记">史记</a>·楚世家》中记载<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周">西周</a>初期楚人领袖熊绎:“当成王之时,举文、武勤劳之后嗣,而封熊绎于楚蛮,封以子男之田,姓芈氏,居丹阳。”此一论述认为商末周初,楚先人祝融的后裔从北方迁徙至“<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%98%B3_(%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD)" title="丹阳 (楚国)">丹阳</a>”。“楚鬻熊居<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%98%B3_(%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD)" title="丹阳 (楚国)">丹阳</a>,武王徙郢”,楚国国都在<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="楚武王">楚武王</a>时期从丹阳迁至郢,据考古学家<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%88%98%E7%8E%89%E5%A0%82_(1956%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="刘玉堂 (1956年)(页面不存在)">刘玉堂</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%8E%8B%E7%BA%A2%E6%98%9F_(1957%E5%B9%B4)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="王红星 (1957年)(页面不存在)">王红星</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%AB%98%E5%B4%87%E6%96%87_(%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6%E5%AE%B6)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="高崇文 (考古学家)(页面不存在)">高崇文</a>研究,古“丹阳”位于<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E6%B0%B4" title="丹水">丹水</a>和<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="淅水">淅水</a>交汇之处(今<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E7%9C%81" title="河南省">河南省</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF" title="淅川县">淅川县</a><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E6%B1%9F%E5%8F%A3%E6%B0%B4%E5%BA%93" title="丹江口水库">丹江口水库</a>淹没区),因处丹水之北,故称为<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%98%B3_(%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD)" title="丹阳 (楚国)">丹阳</a>。国学大师<a href="/wiki/%E9%92%B1%E7%A9%86" class="mw-redirect" title="钱穆">钱穆</a>在《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%B1" title="國史大綱">国史大纲</a>》中说:“楚之先亦颛顼后,始起在汉水流域丹、淅水入汉水处,曰丹阳”,而楚国<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%B9" title="令尹">令尹</a>(相当于宰相)之墓<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%9A" title="子庚">子庚墓</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>和大量<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E6%A5%9A%E5%A2%93" class="mw-disambig" title="淅川楚墓">楚国贵族墓</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>在淅川县<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%93%E6%88%BF%E9%95%87" title="仓房镇">仓房镇</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E4%B8%A5%E5%AF%BA_(%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E5%8E%BF)" title="香严寺 (淅川县)">香严寺</a>下寺附近的发现,印证了古丹阳位于河南淅川境内。楚国历史有800多年,其中有300多年在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E6%B1%9F" title="丹江">丹江</a>流域建都。 </p><p>据《<a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E8%8F%AF%E7%B0%A1" title="清華簡">清华简</a>·楚居》记载,商王<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E5%BA%9A" title="盘庚">盘庚</a>的女儿妣隹征婚,楚部族的首领<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A3%E8%BF%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="季连">季连</a>趁机追上了她,此后便居住在盘地,与妣隹生了<a href="/wiki/%F0%A6%80%9A%E4%BC%AF" title="𦀚伯">𦀚伯</a>、远仲两个儿子<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,他被尊为楚国的始祖。可见楚人与<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E4%BA%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="殷人">殷人</a>存在亲缘关系,这也为后来楚国人“不服周”埋下了伏笔。湖北省武汉市有商代的<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%98%E9%BE%99%E5%9F%8E%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="盘龙城遗址">盘龙城遗址</a>,这里出土有青铜器和玉器,说明商代时荆楚地区已有初步发达的文明。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="建国及南征"><span id=".E5.BB.BA.E5.9B.BD.E5.8F.8A.E5.8D.97.E5.BE.81"></span>建国及南征</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节:建国及南征"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E6%9C%9D" title="商朝">商代</a>早期,楚人逐渐从<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河南">河南</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E9%83%91" class="mw-redirect" title="新郑">新郑</a>一带南迁<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E6%98%8C%E5%B8%82" title="许昌市">许昌</a>,位于商朝王畿的南部,《<a href="/wiki/%E8%AF%97%E7%BB%8F" title="诗经">诗经</a>•殷武》写到“唯女荆楚,居国南乡”,约前13世纪,商帝<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%B8%81" title="武丁">武丁</a>派大军征伐荆蛮,将楚人向南驱逐。商朝晚期,楚人最终迁徙到<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97" class="mw-redirect" title="河南">河南</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="淅川">淅川</a>一带(古丹阳)。<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BB%E7%86%8A" title="鬻熊">鬻熊</a>担任部落首领后审时度势,主动投奔<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="周文王">周文王</a>,鬻熊像儿子一样侍奉文王。<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B%E5%85%8B%E6%AE%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="武王克殷">武王克殷</a>后,楚人并没有封国赐爵,直到<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%88%90%E7%8E%8B" title="周成王">周成王</a>即位后,封赏曾经侍奉文王、武王有功之人的后裔,才将鬻熊的曾孙<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E7%B9%B9" title="熊繹">熊绎</a>封于丹阳,赐为<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5" title="子爵">子爵</a>,楚子熊绎与<a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E5%BA%B7%E4%BC%AF" title="衛康伯">王孙牟</a>、 <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%89%E4%BE%AF%E7%87%AE" title="晉侯燮">晋侯燮</a> 、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%8A%E4%B8%81%E5%85%AC" title="齊丁公">齐丁公</a>共同侍奉周康王。楚国初创之时十分贫弱,熊绎辟居荆山,筚路蓝缕,开辟山林,不仅如此还要跋山涉水向周王进贡桃木弓、棘矢。然而楚人的忠诚并没有引起周王的重视,《<a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%8B%E8%AA%9E_(%E6%9B%B8)" title="國語 (書)">国语</a>•晋语》记载,周成王在岐阳主持诸侯会盟,拒绝让熊绎参与仪式,而让其狄夷<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%9C%E5%8D%91" title="鲜卑">鲜卑</a>一起守燎,并负责茅蕝缩酒,根本是僕役的工作,为日后周楚的决裂埋下了种子。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%AD%E7%8E%8B" title="周昭王">周昭王</a>十六年,周军渡过汉水南征荆楚,掠夺大量物资。昭王十九年,再次伐楚,这次却遭遇失败,周王室的核心军事力量宗周六师全军覆没。<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%98%AD%E7%8E%8B" title="周昭王">周昭王</a>在回师的途中渡过<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E6%B0%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="汉水">汉水</a>时被伏击身亡,这是楚国与西周的第一次大规模冲突。但当时的楚国辟居荆山,国贫民少,恐怕不值得昭王派大军征讨,昭王讨伐的对象应当是居住在江汉地区的土著,周人把这些土著统称荆蛮,周军远征目的是掠夺铜矿。到<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%B8%A0" title="熊渠">熊渠</a>在位时期,正值<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%A4%B7%E7%8E%8B" title="周夷王">周夷王</a>之时,周室衰微,诸侯开始轻慢周天子,部分诸侯已经停止朝贡,甚至相互攻伐。楚国也打算分庭抗礼,<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%B8%A0" title="熊渠">熊渠</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E6%B1%89%E5%B9%B3%E5%8E%9F" title="江汉平原">江汉</a>一带的民心和威望很高,於是派兵攻打<a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B8%E5%9B%BD" title="庸国">庸</a>、杨粤、<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9B%BD" title="鄂国">鄂</a>,甚至表示“我蛮夷也,不与中国之号谥”,并立长子康为句亶王,中子红为鄂王,少子执疵为越章王。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%8E%89%E7%8E%8B" title="周厉王">周厉王</a>时,南方國家<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9B%BD" title="鄂国">鄂国</a>反叛,被周厉王攻灭,周厉王击败<a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9B%BD" title="鄂国">鄂国</a>之后,<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%B8%A0" title="熊渠">熊渠</a>畏周伐楚,於是不再稱王。<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%8B%87" title="熊勇">熊勇</a>六年(前841年),宗周<a href="/wiki/%E9%8E%AC%E4%BA%AC" title="鎬京">镐京</a>国人暴动,周厉王奔彘。熊勇死后,其弟<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%9A%B4" title="熊嚴">熊严</a>即位,熊严死后,长子熊霜即位,<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E9%9C%9C" title="熊霜">熊霜</a>五年(前823年),<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="周宣王">周宣王</a>派大臣<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%90%E6%A5%9A%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="周宣王伐楚之战">方叔伐楚</a>,大获全胜,俘获楚国宗庙重器楚公逆钟。<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="周宣王">周宣王</a>为防止楚国坐大,在江汉间封了许多周室成员或者依附于周朝的势力,史称“江汉诸姬”,西周的战略就是试图以这些亲周势力封锁江汉通往中原的门户用以遏制楚国的北上对西周造成威胁,而且周王还从“汉阳诸姬”抽调兵力,组建南国之师,直接听命于周天子,以达到威慑楚国等怀有异心的诸侯国。<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%95%96" title="若敖">楚若敖</a>二年(前789年),周宣王征调南国之师伐<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E6%88%8E" title="申戎">姜氏之戎</a>,在<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%83%E7%95%9D%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="千畝之戰">千亩之战</a>中全军覆没,周朝的构筑南方防线全面崩溃。楚国乘机向外扩张,江汉诸姬尽被吞并、臣服融合于楚。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="自立为王"><span id=".E8.87.AA.E7.AB.8B.E4.B8.BA.E7.8E.8B"></span>自立为王</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节:自立为王"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>不满自己国大爵小的楚君<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%86%8A%E9%80%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="楚熊通">熊通</a>從傳說中找到例証,他說其先祖<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BB%E7%86%8A" title="鬻熊">鬻熊</a>是<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="周文王">周文王</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%9D%E5%B8%88" title="帝师">老师</a>,有辅佐推翻<a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%95%86" class="mw-redirect" title="殷商">殷商</a>,建立周朝的功劳,只因早死而仅得到<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%88%B5" title="子爵">子爵</a>,遂攻打姬姓诸侯随国,目的是要周天子晋升其<a href="/wiki/%E7%88%B5%E4%BD%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="爵位">爵位</a>,遭拒,熊通率兵再次征讨<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="随国">随国</a>(今湖北<a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8F%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="随州">随州</a>),迫使随侯投降。熊通因此在前704年自称为王(后諡武)<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。被楚国消灭的小国还有<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E9%BA%8B%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="古麋国">古麋国</a>(湖北<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A7%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="郧阳">郧阳</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E5%B7%9E" title="房州">房州</a><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>一带)、卢国、罗国(湖北<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%84%E9%98%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="襄阳">襄阳</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%86%E9%97%A8" class="mw-redirect" title="荆门">荆门</a>一带),一路向南征伐百苗等大小诸侯国,成为江漢流域的霸主。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="争霸中原"><span id=".E4.BA.89.E9.9C.B8.E4.B8.AD.E5.8E.9F"></span>争霸中原</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节:争霸中原"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png/400px-%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png/600px-%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png/800px-%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%A4%A7%E5%9B%BD%E7%AE%80%E5%9B%BE.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>春秋时期楚国争霸中原形势图</figcaption></figure> <p>熊通子<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="楚文王">楚文王</a>定都于<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A2" title="郢">郢</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>(今湖北省<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%9C%E5%9F%8E%E5%B8%82" title="宜城市">宜城市</a>西南)<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,因取名于该地已被填埋的湖泊“疆浧”而得名<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,後人通稱為“鄢郢”,以区别于日后为防备吴国的再次入侵而迁徙的新国都<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="纪南城">纪郢</a>及一系列皆称之为“郢”的同名陪都。此后为扩充领域,楚国与<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8E%9F" title="中原">中原</a>的中原诸侯国经常发生战事。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%88%90%E7%8E%8B" title="楚成王">楚成王</a>时,楚在令尹<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="子文">子文</a>的治理下更显强盛。前632年,晋楚<a href="/wiki/%E5%9F%8E%E6%BF%AE%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="城濮之战">城濮之战</a>,楚人大败。晋师“三日馆谷”,向周天子献楚捷“驷介百乘、徒兵千,”,楚国几十年不敢北向。《子犯和钟》即记载此事,中有“诸楚荆不听命于王所,子犯及晋公率西之六师博伐楚荆,孔休大功,楚荆丧厥师,灭厥渠”云。后来的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%8E%8A%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚莊王">楚莊王</a>武功彪炳,又励精图治,选拔<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E5%8F%94%E6%95%96" title="孙叔敖">孙叔敖</a>施行文冶,使楚国经济繁荣、文化鼎盛。前606年莊王征伐<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B8%E6%B8%BE%E6%88%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="陸渾戎">陆浑之戎</a>(在雒邑西南),派人向<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%AE%9A%E7%8E%8B" title="周定王">周天子</a>问九鼎之轻重<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>前597年,楚围<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%91%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="郑国">郑</a>,迫郑降<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="晋国">晋</a>派兵救郑,两军于<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B2%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="邲之战">邲</a>会战,晋大败<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。此后,<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%9B%BD" title="陈国">陈</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="蔡国">蔡</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E5%9B%BD" title="许国">许</a>、郑俱从楚。公元前594年,楚围<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="宋国">宋</a>,宋告急于晋,晋不能救,宋遂与楚言和,尊楚<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这时中原各国除晋、<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%9B%BD" title="齐国">齐</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BD" title="鲁国">鲁</a>之外,尽尊<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BA%84%E7%8E%8B" title="楚庄王">楚庄王</a>为霸主,确立了楚庄王在<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E4%BA%94%E9%9C%B8" title="春秋五霸">春秋五霸</a>的历史地位。史载,透过战事,楚国先后吞并了四十五个较弱小的诸侯方国。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B2%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="邲之战">邲之战</a>后,楚庄王称霸一时,但是晋国国势犹不可忽视,晋、楚双方形成南北对峙、各霸一方。前546年,宋国执政<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E6%88%8C" title="向戌">向戌</a>倡议弭兵,奔走于晋国执政<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E6%AD%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="赵武">赵武</a>和楚国<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%B9" title="令尹">令尹</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%9C%A8" class="mw-disambig" title="子木">子木</a>之间,使晋、楚、齐、<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦</a>、宋、鲁、郑、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%BD" title="卫国">卫</a>、陈、蔡、<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="曹国">曹</a>、许、<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BE%E5%9B%BD" title="邾国">邾</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%95%E5%9B%BD" title="滕国">滕</a>等十四国于宋召开弭兵大会<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。结果由前述十国签订盟约,规定除齐、秦等大国外,小国须既朝晋又朝楚,霸权乃由晋、楚二强平分,尊两国为共同霸主。史称‘<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%BC%AD%E5%85%B5%E4%BC%9A%E7%9B%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="春秋弭兵会盟">向戌弭兵</a>’。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="衰而复兴"><span id=".E8.A1.B0.E8.80.8C.E5.A4.8D.E5.85.B4"></span>衰而复兴</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节:衰而复兴"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E5%89%8D350%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E7%AE%80%EF%BC%89.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E5%89%8D350%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E7%AE%80%EF%BC%89.png/300px-%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E5%89%8D350%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E7%AE%80%EF%BC%89.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E5%89%8D350%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E7%AE%80%EF%BC%89.png/450px-%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E5%89%8D350%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E7%AE%80%EF%BC%89.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E5%89%8D350%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E7%AE%80%EF%BC%89.png/600px-%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%BD%A2%E5%8A%BF%E5%9B%BE%EF%BC%88%E5%89%8D350%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%EF%BC%88%E7%AE%80%EF%BC%89.png 2x" data-file-width="736" data-file-height="786" /></a><figcaption>战国初期楚国形势图</figcaption></figure> <p>前506年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%98%AD%E7%8E%8B" title="楚昭王">楚昭王</a>时,<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%9B%BD" title="吴国">吴国</a>君主<a href="/wiki/%E9%98%96%E9%97%BE" title="阖闾">阖闾</a>派<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E6%AD%A6" title="孙武">孙武</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%AD%90%E8%83%A5" title="伍子胥">伍子胥</a>率军攻打楚国,于<a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E8%88%89%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%B0" title="柏舉之戰">柏举之战</a>中击败楚国,攻占其首都郢,楚国几乎覆亡<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。这时<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="越国">越国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%81%E5%B8%B8" title="允常">允常</a>趁机攻打吴国,<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦国</a>也出兵帮助楚国,楚国得以保全。 </p><p>根據<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="史記">史記</a><a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7040" class="extiw" title="s:史記/卷040">楚世家</a>記載,公元前505年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%98%AD%E7%8E%8B" title="楚昭王">楚昭王</a>將新的国都迁往郢都(<a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%8D%97%E5%9F%8E" class="mw-redirect" title="纪南城">纪郢</a>),當時規模宏大的皇城郢都盛極一時、揚名天下。 </p><p>及后<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%83%A0%E7%8E%8B" title="楚惠王">楚惠王</a>即位,继续执行安邦定国、伺机发展的方针。对外,楚惠王四十二年(前447年),楚兼并蔡<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。两年后,兼并<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9E%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="杞国">杞</a>,楚东拓疆土至泗水之上,尽有江淮以北之地<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。楚简王元年(前431年),楚又兼并掉<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%92%E5%9B%BD" title="莒国">莒</a><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="吴起变法"><span id=".E5.90.B4.E8.B5.B7.E5.8F.98.E6.B3.95"></span>吴起变法</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=8" title="编辑章节:吴起变法"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>进入<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="战国 (中国)">战国</a>时代,主要的六大强国皆曾进行片面或全面性的政经改革,唯有楚国固步自封未曾稍加变法。前400年,自晋分家的<a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD)" title="韩国 (战国)">韩</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%9B%BD" title="赵国">赵</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="魏国 (战国)">魏</a>三国屡次联军攻楚<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。当时在位的<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%82%BC%E7%8E%8B" title="楚悼王">楚悼王</a>为求富国强兵,任用<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%B5%B7" title="吴起">吴起</a>开始变法兴革,使楚国国力迅速强大起来<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。由于楚悼王不幸早逝,吴起失去了坚强的靠山,被旧贵族残酷杀害<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。虽然变法时间不长,但变法的成果还是有所保留,比如之后的楚国封君的继承不超过三代没有自己独立的武装,一切财政大权听命于中央等等。 </p><p>至<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%A8%81%E7%8E%8B" title="楚威王">楚威王</a>时代,楚国的西部领土已扩张至<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9B%BD" title="巴国">巴</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%9C%80" title="古蜀">蜀</a>之间,东灭<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="越国">越国</a>,兴盛一时。在经过5年的<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%BB%91" class="mw-redirect" title="昭滑">昭滑</a>谍报与卧底工作后,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%80%80%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚怀王">楚怀王</a>派后者率军消灭越国残余势力,占领吴、越故地<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,并设立江东郡。 《史记。甘茂传》“王前尝用台滑于越,而内行章义之难,越国乱,故楚南塞厉门而郡江东。计王之功,所以能如此者,越国乱而楚治也。”《楚策一.楚王问于范环》亦有记载,范环曰:“且王尝用滑于越而纳句章,昧之难,越乱,故楚南察濑胡而野江东,计王之功所以能如此者,越乱而楚治也。” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="衰落"><span id=".E8.A1.B0.E8.90.BD"></span>衰落</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=9" title="编辑章节:衰落"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZH-%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE260BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ZH-%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE260BCE.jpg/400px-ZH-%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE260BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ZH-%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE260BCE.jpg/600px-ZH-%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE260BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/ZH-%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE260BCE.jpg/800px-ZH-%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%9C%B0%E5%9B%BE260BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4724" data-file-height="4348" /></a><figcaption>前260年战国后期楚国形势图,楚國西部領土被秦國佔領後,秦與六國形成均勢。</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%80%80%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚怀王">楚怀王</a>即位后,开始重用<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F" title="屈原">屈原</a>等大臣,针对主要弊政进行一系列的革新,却引来楚国<a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B5%E6%97%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="贵族">贵族</a>一致反对。日久,难以抵挡反对声浪的楚怀王遂意兴阑珊,变法终告失败。 </p><p>秦國併吞了巴、蜀之後,在秦國<a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%B5%E5%84%80" class="mw-redirect" title="張儀">張儀</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E7%B8%B1" title="合縱">合縱</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%80%A3%E6%A9%AB_(%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%A4%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5)" title="連橫 (外交策略)">連橫</a>的策略下,挑撥楚國和齊國的聯盟,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%80%80%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚怀王">楚怀王</a>被騙;前312年,秦國和楚國因此接連在<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B9%E9%98%B3%E3%80%81%E8%93%9D%E7%94%B0%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="丹阳、蓝田之战">丹陽、藍田之戰</a>兩場戰役中交戰,然而皆為楚軍大敗,是楚國和秦國勢力反轉的一個拐點。前299年,楚怀王晚年被<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%98%AD%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" title="秦昭襄王">秦昭襄王</a>骗去秦国<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,客死咸阳,欲兴兵夺回楚王的楚国军队又为秦将<a href="/wiki/%E7%99%BD%E8%B5%B7" title="白起">白起</a>击败<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。楚国国势迅速衰弱。 </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E9%A1%B7%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚顷襄王">楚顷襄王</a>即位后,周赧王二十二年(前293年),秦国派大将白起攻打韩国,在伊阙获大胜。伊阙之战后,秦昭王写给楚顷襄王一封国书说:“楚国背叛了秦国,秦国将率领诸侯军攻打楚国,决一雌雄。希望您重整军队,以便痛快地打一场。”楚顷襄王很担心,便打算跟秦国讲和。周赧王二十三年(前292年),楚国到秦国迎接新妇,秦楚讲和。 </p><p>周赧王三十年(前285年),楚顷襄王与秦昭王在宛(今河南省南阳市宛城区一带)友好相会,议和结亲。 </p><p>周赧王三十二年(前283年),楚顷襄王与秦昭王在楚国的别都鄢(今湖北省宜城市东南)友好相会,同年秋季,又和秦昭王在秦国的穰(今河南省邓州市)相会。<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>前281年<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E9%A1%B7%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚顷襄王">楚顷襄王</a>意图联合齐国和韩国联合讨伐秦国为楚怀王复仇,前280年,秦先发制人,派大将司马错率领军队从陇西郡出兵,攻取了楚国的黔中郡,楚顷襄王被迫割让上庸(今湖北省竹山县东南)和汉江以北的土地给秦国。次年(前279年)秦白起率军大举攻楚,占领邓,并水淹鄢城,城中百姓死亡数十万,之后势如破竹,一举攻陷楚国国都郢,烧毁其先王陵墓夷陵(今湖北省宜昌市夷陵区),向东进兵至竟陵(今湖北省潜江市东北)楚军败,楚顷襄王在兵败后,向东北方溃逃至陈(今河南省淮阳县),被迫迁都于此以自保。<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="危局"><span id=".E5.8D.B1.E5.B1.80"></span>危局</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=10" title="编辑章节:危局"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>前263年,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%80%83%E7%83%88%E7%8E%8B" title="楚考烈王">楚考烈王</a>繼位,任用<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%94%B3%E5%90%9B" title="春申君">春申君</a>為<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%B9" title="令尹">令尹</a>,春申君派兵助<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="趙國">趙國</a>解<a href="/wiki/%E9%82%AF%E9%84%B2%E9%83%A1" title="邯鄲郡">邯鄲</a>之圍,又領兵滅<a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%AF%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="魯國">魯國</a>,楚國一度復興。但前241年,春申君組織東方國家最後一次<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%88%E7%B8%B1" title="合縱">合縱</a>,但被秦軍所敗,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%80%83%E7%83%88%E7%8E%8B" title="楚考烈王">楚考烈王</a>怕秦國報復,再次迁都至更東面的<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%BF%E6%98%A5%E5%9F%8E%E9%81%97%E5%9D%80" title="寿春城遗址">寿春</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>前238年楚考烈王死后<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,春申君門客<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%9B%AD" title="李园">李園</a>發動政變殺害春申君,楚國国力更加一蹶不振。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇">秦王政</a>亲政后,知楚将<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%87%95" title="项燕">项燕</a>擅战,先遣<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E4%BF%A1" title="李信">李信</a>为将,领二十万兵马,欲灭楚,惨败<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>前229年(秦王政十八年),楚軍敗走,秦軍把已經完全控制郢都的疆域,並改郢為<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E9%83%A1" title="南郡">南郡</a>,並委任來自韓國的降將<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%A7%E5%8F%B2%E9%A8%B0" title="內史騰">騰</a>駐守於此。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="覆亡"><span id=".E8.A6.86.E4.BA.A1"></span>覆亡</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=11" title="编辑章节:覆亡"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>前223年,由秦國老将<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%BF%A6" title="王翦">王翦</a>所統率的秦师六十万大败楚军,俘虏了楚国国君<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%8E%8B%E8%B2%A0%E8%8A%BB" title="楚王負芻">負芻</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。到了公元前222年,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%BF%A6" title="王翦">王翦</a>平定了楚国长江以南的广大土地,楚国彻底灭亡<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>楚人作为六国最强的国家,對於秦國的亡國之辱極為痛恨,在秦末天下大亂時楚地開始興起「楚虽三户,亡秦必楚」的順口溜以彰興兵雪恨之志。后来<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%87%95" title="项燕">项燕</a>之孙<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%BE%BD" title="项羽">项羽</a>果然灭秦。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="复国余绪"><span id=".E5.A4.8D.E5.9B.BD.E4.BD.99.E7.BB.AA"></span>复国余绪</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=12" title="编辑章节:复国余绪"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A5%9A" title="西楚">西楚</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E4%BA%8C%E4%B8%96" title="秦二世">秦二世</a>元年(前209年)七月,赴<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E4%BA%AC" class="mw-disambig" title="燕京">燕京</a>的戍卒領袖<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E8%83%9C" title="陈胜">陈胜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%B9%BF" title="吴广">吴广</a>,自稱<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%A7%8B%E7%9A%87" title="秦始皇">秦始皇</a>長子<a href="/wiki/%E6%89%B6%E8%8B%8F" title="扶苏">扶蘇</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚國">楚國</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%B0%87%E8%BB%8D_(%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%9E)" title="大將軍 (東亞)">大將軍</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E7%87%95" class="mw-redirect" title="項燕">項燕</a>,發動<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%BE%A4%E8%B5%B7%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="大澤起義">大澤起義</a>,建立<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A_(%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D)" class="mw-redirect" title="楚 (秦朝)">张楚</a>,恢复楚国。旋即败亡。陈胜败亡后,<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%8B%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="陳勝">陳勝</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="大司馬">大司馬</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%98%89_(%E5%B0%86%E9%A2%86)" title="秦嘉 (将领)">秦嘉</a>,立楚宗室<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%A7%92" title="景駒">景驹</a>为楚假王(即代理楚王),後又稱楚王。<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%87%95" title="项燕">项燕</a>之子<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E6%A2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="项梁">项梁</a>起兵,將<a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%A7%92" title="景駒">景驹</a><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%AC%E6%AE%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="斬殺">斩杀</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>前208年六月,项梁立<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%80%80%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚怀王">楚怀王</a>孙<a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%BF%83" class="mw-redirect" title="熊心">熊心</a>,仍为<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E4%B9%89%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="楚义帝">楚怀王</a>。<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E5%AC%B0" title="陳嬰">陈婴</a>为上柱国,项梁自号为<a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E4%BF%A1%E5%90%9B" class="mw-redirect" title="武信君">武信君</a>,楚国复国<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>楚国复国后,<a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%9B%BD_(%E7%A7%A6%E6%A5%9A%E4%B9%8B%E9%99%85)" title="齐国 (秦楚之际)">齐国</a>受到秦将<a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E9%82%AF" title="章邯">章邯</a>的进攻,项梁引兵北攻<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%A2%E7%88%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="亢父">亢父</a>、救<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E9%98%BF" class="mw-disambig" title="东阿">东阿</a>,破秦军。后不久项梁战死。而楚将<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%BE%BD" title="项羽">项羽</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%82%A6" title="刘邦">刘邦</a>率楚军西略地至雍丘,与秦军战,大破之,斩其将<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E7%94%B1" title="李由">李由</a>(丞相<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%96%AF" title="李斯">李斯</a>之子),还攻外黄,未下。 </p><p>秦二世三年(前207年),楚怀王徙都<a href="/wiki/%E7%9B%B1%E7%9C%99" class="mw-redirect" title="盱眙">盱眙</a>,并<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E8%87%A3" title="呂臣">吕臣</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%BE%BD" title="项羽">项羽</a>军,自将之。以<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%9B%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="沛公">沛公</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%82%A6" title="刘邦">刘邦</a>为砀郡长,封武安侯,将砀郡兵;项羽为<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%95%BF%E5%AE%89%E4%BE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="长安侯(页面不存在)">长安侯</a>,号<a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="鲁公">鲁公</a>;<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%82%E8%87%A3" title="呂臣">吕臣</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E5%BE%92" title="司徒">司徒</a>,其父<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E9%9D%92" title="吕青">吕青</a>为<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%B9" title="令尹">令尹</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p><p>秦将章邯攻赵,赵向楚求救兵。楚怀王分兵,令<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%BE%A9" title="宋義">宋义</a>为上将军,<a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%BE%BD" title="项羽">项羽</a>为次将、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%A2%9E" title="范增">范增</a>为末将,北上救赵<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。同时令<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%9B%E5%85%AC" class="mw-redirect" title="沛公">沛公</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%88%98%E9%82%A6" title="刘邦">刘邦</a>为将,率楚军西略咸阳。项羽斩杀宋义,夺其军权,北上于<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A8%E9%B9%BF%E4%B9%8B%E6%88%98" title="巨鹿之战">巨鹿之战</a>大破秦军主力,虏秦将<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E7%A6%BB" class="mw-redirect" title="王离">王离</a>,秦将<a href="/wiki/%E6%B6%89%E9%97%B4" title="涉间">涉间</a>不降楚,自烧杀。与此同时,楚将刘邦经过一系列战斗,成功攻入关中。(前207年)十月,沛公刘邦军驻灞上,秦王<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%A9%B4" title="子婴">子婴</a>素车白,系颈以组,封皇帝印玺,向刘邦投降。<a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%9C%9D" title="秦朝">秦朝</a>灭亡。 </p><p>前207年十一月,项羽引兵西入关。十二月中,至<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8F" class="mw-disambig" title="戏">戏</a>(今陕西<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89" class="mw-redirect" title="西安">西安</a>),与劉邦会霸上<a href="/wiki/%E9%B8%BF%E9%97%A8%E5%AE%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="鸿门宴">鸿门宴</a>。汉王元年(前206年)正月,项羽自封为<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E6%A5%9A" title="西楚">西楚</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E7%8E%8B" title="霸王">霸王</a>,分封诸侯,比如刘邦被分封为<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-disambig" title="汉王">汉王</a>。尊楚怀王为<a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%A9%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-disambig" title="義帝">义帝</a><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。四月,项羽徙义帝都<a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B4%E5%B7%9E" class="mw-redirect" title="郴州">郴州</a>,途中,使九江王<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%B8%83" title="英布">黥布</a>与衡山王<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%8A%AE" title="吴芮">吴芮</a>弑义帝于江南。 </p><p>西元前202年9月,項羽所率楚軍兵敗<a href="/wiki/%E5%9E%93%E4%B8%8B" title="垓下">垓下</a>,楚霸王在長江北岸烏江渡自刎,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%BC%A2%E6%88%B0%E7%88%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="楚漢戰爭">楚漢戰爭</a>結束,西楚國滅亡。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="楚文化"><span id=".E6.A5.9A.E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>楚文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=13" title="编辑章节:楚文化"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="楚文化">楚文化</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Spring_and_Autumn_Bronze_Ding.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Spring_and_Autumn_Bronze_Ding.jpg/400px-Spring_and_Autumn_Bronze_Ding.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Spring_and_Autumn_Bronze_Ding.jpg/600px-Spring_and_Autumn_Bronze_Ding.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Spring_and_Autumn_Bronze_Ding.jpg/800px-Spring_and_Autumn_Bronze_Ding.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2" title="河南博物院">河南博物院</a>收藏的<b>王子午鼎</b></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bronze_jin_from_Henan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bronze_jin_from_Henan.jpg/400px-Bronze_jin_from_Henan.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Bronze_jin_from_Henan.jpg/600px-Bronze_jin_from_Henan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/Bronze_jin_from_Henan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>河南<a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="淅川">淅川</a>楚墓出土的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%BA%B9%E9%93%9C%E7%A6%81" class="mw-redirect" title="云纹铜禁">云纹铜禁</a>,现藏于<a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%8D%9A%E7%89%A9%E9%99%A2" title="河南博物院">河南博物院</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="语言"><span id=".E8.AF.AD.E8.A8.80"></span>语言</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=14" title="编辑章节:语言"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">主条目:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="楚語">楚語</a></div> <p>在春秋时代,<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%AA%9E" title="楚語">楚语</a>和中原语言之间有明顯的區别。楚国的官名和其他诸侯国不同:楚国<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%B0%E7%9B%B8" title="宰相">宰相</a>叫<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%B9" title="令尹">令尹</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A9%AC" title="司马">司马</a>叫<a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%AB%E6%95%96" title="莫敖">莫敖</a>。除此之外,《<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A6%E4%BC%A0" title="左传">左传</a>·宣公五年》还记载春秋时代楚语的两个词意: </p> <ul><li>穀为“乳(母乳)”</li> <li>於菟(wūtú,<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8A%E5%8F%A4%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" title="上古汉语">上古汉语</a>发音为*qa-laa)为「虎」(hǔ,*qhlaaʔ)(有人怀疑可能與<a href="/wiki/%E7%BC%85%E7%94%B8%E8%AF%AD" title="缅甸语">缅甸语</a> ကျား <i>kla</i> 同源)</li></ul> <p>我们之所以知道这两个词的意思,是因为令尹<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="子文">子文</a>名字叫做鬬穀於菟,《左传》对他名字的原意做了解释。 </p><p>《左传·庄公二十八年》有一句话:“楚言而出”(今译:“他们讲楚语就撤退了”),证明当时的楚语和中原的语言有差異。 </p><p>在<a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD_(%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD)" class="mw-redirect" title="战国 (中国)">战国时代</a>,<a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F" title="屈原">屈原</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%BE%9E" title="楚辞">楚辞</a>》所用词汇也显示出楚国语言的特点。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="音乐"><span id=".E9.9F.B3.E4.B9.90"></span>音乐</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=15" title="编辑章节:音乐"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bianzhong.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bianzhong.jpg/400px-Bianzhong.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bianzhong.jpg/600px-Bianzhong.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Bianzhong.jpg/800px-Bianzhong.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4768" data-file-height="2752" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E4%BE%AF%E4%B9%99%E5%A2%93" title="曾侯乙墓">曾侯乙墓</a>出土的<a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E4%BE%AF%E4%B9%99%E7%BC%96%E9%92%9F" title="曾侯乙编钟">曾侯乙編鐘</a></figcaption></figure> <p>据《左传 襄公十八年》载“南风不竞多死声”,楚音绵软无力。楚国巫风盛行<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>,喜欢举行祭祀活动,由巫女主持祭祀。祭祀时要奏乐、歌唱、跳舞以娱神。<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD%E7%BB%B4" title="王国维">王国维</a>在《宋元戏曲史》中曾谈到楚国:“至于浴兰沐芳,华衣若芙,缓节安歌,歌舞之盛也。乘风载云之词,生别新知之语,荒淫之意也。是则灵之为职,或偃蹇以像神,或婆娑以乐神……” </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="風俗"><span id=".E9.A2.A8.E4.BF.97"></span>風俗</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=16" title="编辑章节:風俗"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>楚俗尊<a href="/wiki/%E9%B3%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鳳">鳳</a>尚赤、崇火拜日、喜<a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%AB" title="巫">巫</a>近<a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BC" title="鬼">鬼</a>。 </p><p>楚人認為自己是<a href="/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="日神">日神</a>遠裔,<a href="/wiki/%E7%81%AB%E7%A5%9E" class="mw-disambig" title="火神">火神</a>嫡嗣,日火皆為赤色,故而尚赤,楚地廣闊。楚王族是祝融(中國神話中的火神)的後裔于史有载,尚赤之俗源遠流長。《墨子》中有記載“楚莊王鮮冠組纓,絳衣博袍……”。“絳衣”就是大紅色的衣服。王族的信仰和喜好具有很大的影響力,如“楚王好細腰,宮中多餓死”。王族尚赤,久而久之,楚地百姓也都以赤為貴了。從現今出土的楚文物也可以佐證楚人尚赤。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="楚国君主列表"><span id=".E6.A5.9A.E5.9B.BD.E5.90.9B.E4.B8.BB.E5.88.97.E8.A1.A8"></span>楚国君主列表</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=17" title="编辑章节:楚国君主列表"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r85100532"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">参见:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E4%B8%96%E7%B3%BB%E5%9B%BE" title="楚国君主世系图">楚国君主世系图</a></div> <p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="5" align="center"><b>周代<a class="mw-selflink selflink">楚国</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB" title="君主">君主</a></b> <small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB&action=edit">编辑</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th>君主 </th> <th>國君名称 </th> <th>上任時間 </th> <th>退位時間 </th> <th>在位年数 </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%BB%E7%86%8A" title="鬻熊">鬻熊</a> </td> <td>鬻熊 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E9%BA%97" title="熊麗">熊麗</a> </td> <td>熊麗 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E7%8B%82" title="熊狂">熊狂</a> </td> <td>熊狂 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E7%B9%B9" title="熊繹">熊繹</a> </td> <td>熊繹 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E8%89%BE" title="熊艾">熊艾</a> </td> <td>熊艾 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E4%B5%A3" title="熊䵣">熊<span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, 'Plangothic P1', 'Plangothic P2';" title="字符描述:黑旦 ※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號,代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。">䵣</span></a> </td> <td>熊<span class="inline-unihan" style="border-bottom: 1px dotted; font-variant: normal;cursor: help; font-family: sans-serif, 'FZSongS-Extended', 'FZSongS-Extended(SIP)', 'WenQuanYi Zen Hei Mono', 'BabelStone Han', 'HanaMinB', 'FZSong-Extended', 'Arial Unicode MS', Code2002, DFSongStd, 'STHeiti SC', unifont, SimSun-ExtB, TH-Tshyn-P0, TH-Tshyn-P1, TH-Tshyn-P2, Jigmo3, Jigmo2, Jigmo, ZhongHuaSongPlane15, ZhongHuaSongPlane02, ZhongHuaSongPlane00, 'Plangothic P1', 'Plangothic P2';" title="字符描述:黑旦 ※如果您看到空白、方塊或問號,代表您的系統無法顯示此字元。">䵣</span> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%8B%9D" title="熊勝">熊勝</a> </td> <td>熊勝 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%A5%8A" title="熊楊">熊楊</a> </td> <td>熊楊 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%B8%A0" title="熊渠">熊渠</a> </td> <td>熊渠 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E6%8C%9A%E7%BA%A2" title="熊挚红">熊挚红</a> </td> <td>熊摯 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%BB%B6" title="熊延">熊延</a> </td> <td>熊延 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D848%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前848年">前848年</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%8B%87" title="熊勇">熊勇</a> </td> <td>熊勇 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D847%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前847年">前847年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D838%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前838年">前838年</a> </td> <td>10年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%9A%B4" title="熊嚴">熊嚴</a> </td> <td>熊嚴 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D837%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前837年">前837年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D828%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前828年">前828年</a> </td> <td>10年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E9%9C%9C" title="熊霜">熊霜</a> </td> <td>熊霜 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D827%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前827年">前827年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D822%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前822年">前822年</a> </td> <td>6年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%BE%87" title="熊徇">熊徇</a> </td> <td>熊徇 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D821%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前821年">前821年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D800%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前800年">前800年</a> </td> <td>22年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E7%86%8A%E5%92%A2" title="熊咢">熊咢</a> </td> <td>熊咢 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D799%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前799年">前799年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D791%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前791年">前791年</a> </td> <td>9年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%95%96" title="若敖">楚若敖</a> </td> <td>熊儀 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D790%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前790年">前790年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D764%E5%B9%B4" title="前764年">前764年</a> </td> <td>27年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%84%E6%95%96" title="霄敖">楚霄敖</a> </td> <td>熊坎 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D763%E5%B9%B4" title="前763年">前763年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D758%E5%B9%B4" title="前758年">前758年</a> </td> <td>6年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E8%9A%A1%E5%86%92" title="蚡冒">楚蚡冒</a> ( 楚厲王 ) </td> <td>熊眴 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D757%E5%B9%B4" title="前757年">前757年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D741%E5%B9%B4" title="前741年">前741年</a> </td> <td>17年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%AD%A6%E7%8E%8B" title="楚武王">楚武王</a> </td> <td>熊通 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D740%E5%B9%B4" title="前740年">前740年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D690%E5%B9%B4" title="前690年">前690年</a>三月 </td> <td>51年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%96%87%E7%8E%8B" title="楚文王">楚文王</a> </td> <td>熊貲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D689%E5%B9%B4" title="前689年">前689年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D675%E5%B9%B4" title="前675年">前675年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%85%AD%E6%9C%88" title="农历六月">六月</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%9A%E7%94%B3" title="庚申">庚申</a> </td> <td>15年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%A0%B5%E6%95%96" title="堵敖">楚堵敖</a> </td> <td>熊艱 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D674%E5%B9%B4" title="前674年">前674年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D672%E5%B9%B4" title="前672年">前672年</a> </td> <td>3年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%88%90%E7%8E%8B" title="楚成王">楚成王</a> </td> <td>熊惲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D671%E5%B9%B4" title="前671年">前671年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D626%E5%B9%B4" title="前626年">前626年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3" title="冬季">冬季</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%88" title="农历十月">十月</a> </td> <td>46年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%A9%86%E7%8E%8B" title="楚穆王">楚穆王</a> </td> <td>熊商臣 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D625%E5%B9%B4" title="前625年">前625年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D614%E5%B9%B4" title="前614年">前614年</a> </td> <td>12年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BA%84%E7%8E%8B" title="楚庄王">楚庄王</a>或楚臧王或楚荊莊王 </td> <td>熊侶 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D613%E5%B9%B4" title="前613年">前613年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D591%E5%B9%B4" title="前591年">前591年</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%AD%A3" title="秋季">秋季</a> </td> <td>23年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%85%B1%E7%8E%8B" title="楚共王">楚共王</a>或楚恭王或楚龔王 </td> <td>熊審 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D590%E5%B9%B4" title="前590年">前590年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D560%E5%B9%B4" title="前560年">前560年</a> </td> <td>31年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BA%B7%E7%8E%8B" title="楚康王">楚康王</a> </td> <td>熊招 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D559%E5%B9%B4" title="前559年">前559年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D545%E5%B9%B4" title="前545年">前545年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%B9%9D%E6%9C%88" title="农历九月">九月</a>以後 </td> <td>15年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%8F%E6%95%96" title="郏敖">楚郏敖</a> ( 楚嗣子王或楚孺子王 ) </td> <td>熊員 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D544%E5%B9%B4" title="前544年">前544年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D541%E5%B9%B4" title="前541年">前541年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%AC%E5%AD%A3" title="冬季">冬季</a> </td> <td>4年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E9%9D%88%E7%8E%8B" title="楚靈王">楚靈王</a> </td> <td>熊圍 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D540%E5%B9%B4" title="前540年">前540年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D529%E5%B9%B4" title="前529年">前529年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88" title="农历五月">五月</a> </td> <td>12年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%8E%8B%E6%AF%94" class="mw-redirect" title="楚王比">楚王比</a> </td> <td>熊比 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D529%E5%B9%B4" title="前529年">前529年</a>春季 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D529%E5%B9%B4" title="前529年">前529年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%BA%94%E6%9C%88" title="农历五月">五月</a> </td> <td>未改元 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%B9%B3%E7%8E%8B" title="楚平王">楚平王</a>或楚景平王 </td> <td>熊居 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D528%E5%B9%B4" title="前528年">前528年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D516%E5%B9%B4" title="前516年">前516年</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%B9%9D%E6%9C%88" title="农历九月">九月</a> </td> <td>13年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%98%AD%E7%8E%8B" title="楚昭王">楚昭王</a>或楚卲王 </td> <td>熊珍 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D515%E5%B9%B4" title="前515年">前515年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D489%E5%B9%B4" title="前489年">前489年</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%AD%A3" title="秋季">秋季</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%9C%E5%8E%86%E4%B8%83%E6%9C%88" title="农历七月">七月</a>以後 </td> <td>27年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%83%A0%E7%8E%8B" title="楚惠王">楚惠王</a>或楚獻惠王 </td> <td>熊章 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D488%E5%B9%B4" title="前488年">前488年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D432%E5%B9%B4" title="前432年">前432年</a> </td> <td>57年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%AE%80%E7%8E%8B" title="楚简王">楚简王</a>或楚柬大王 </td> <td>熊中 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D431%E5%B9%B4" title="前431年">前431年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D408%E5%B9%B4" title="前408年">前408年</a> </td> <td>24年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%A3%B0%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚声王">楚声王</a>或楚聲桓王 </td> <td>熊当 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D407%E5%B9%B4" title="前407年">前407年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D402%E5%B9%B4" title="前402年">前402年</a> </td> <td>6年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%82%BC%E7%8E%8B" title="楚悼王">楚悼王</a>或<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%82%BC%E6%8A%98%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚悼折王">楚悼折王</a> </td> <td>熊疑 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D401%E5%B9%B4" title="前401年">前401年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D381%E5%B9%B4" title="前381年">前381年</a> </td> <td>21年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%82%85%E7%8E%8B" title="楚肅王">楚肅王</a> </td> <td>熊臧 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D380%E5%B9%B4" title="前380年">前380年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D370%E5%B9%B4" title="前370年">前370年</a> </td> <td>11年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%AE%A3%E7%8E%8B" title="楚宣王">楚宣王</a> </td> <td>熊良夫 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D369%E5%B9%B4" title="前369年">前369年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D340%E5%B9%B4" title="前340年">前340年</a> </td> <td>30年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%A8%81%E7%8E%8B" title="楚威王">楚威王</a> </td> <td>熊商 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D339%E5%B9%B4" title="前339年">前339年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D329%E5%B9%B4" title="前329年">前329年</a> </td> <td>11年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%87%B7%E7%8E%8B" title="楚懷王">楚懷王</a> </td> <td>熊槐 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D328%E5%B9%B4" title="前328年">前328年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D299%E5%B9%B4" title="前299年">前299年</a> </td> <td>30年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E9%A0%83%E8%A5%84%E7%8E%8B" title="楚頃襄王">楚頃襄王</a> </td> <td>熊横 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D298%E5%B9%B4" title="前298年">前298年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D263%E5%B9%B4" title="前263年">前263年</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%8B%E5%AD%A3" title="秋季">秋季</a> </td> <td>36年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E8%80%83%E7%83%88%E7%8E%8B" title="楚考烈王">楚考烈王</a> </td> <td>熊元 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D262%E5%B9%B4" title="前262年">前262年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D238%E5%B9%B4" title="前238年">前238年</a> </td> <td>25年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%B9%BD%E7%8E%8B" title="楚幽王">楚幽王</a> </td> <td>熊悍 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D237%E5%B9%B4" title="前237年">前237年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D228%E5%B9%B4" title="前228年">前228年</a>正月 </td> <td>10年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%93%80%E7%8E%8B" title="楚哀王">楚哀王</a> </td> <td>熊猶 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D228%E5%B9%B4" title="前228年">前228年</a>正月 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D228%E5%B9%B4" title="前228年">前228年</a>三月 </td> <td>未改元 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%8E%8B%E8%B2%A0%E8%8A%BB" title="楚王負芻">楚王負芻</a> </td> <td>熊負芻 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D227%E5%B9%B4" title="前227年">前227年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D223%E5%B9%B4" title="前223年">前223年</a> </td> <td>5年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E5%B9%B3%E5%90%9B" title="昌平君">昌平君</a> </td> <td>熊启 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D223%E5%B9%B4" title="前223年">前223年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D223%E5%B9%B4" title="前223年">前223年</a> </td> <td>0年 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%BE%A9%E5%B8%9D" title="楚義帝">楚義帝</a> </td> <td>熊心 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D208%E5%B9%B4" title="前208年">前208年</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D205%E5%B9%B4" title="前205年">前205年</a> </td> <td>4年 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="楚国公族"><span id=".E6.A5.9A.E5.9B.BD.E5.85.AC.E6.97.8F"></span>楚国公族</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=18" title="编辑章节:楚国公族"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%A5%E6%95%96%E6%B0%8F" title="若敖氏">若敖氏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E6%B0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="鬬氏">鬬氏</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%90%E6%B0%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="成氏(页面不存在)">成氏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E6%B0%8F" title="屈氏">屈氏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E6%B0%8F" title="景氏">景氏</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%B9%B3%E7%8E%8B" title="楚平王">楚平王</a>之子<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E8%A5%BF_(%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%B9)" title="子西 (令尹)">子西</a>之后</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E6%B0%8F" title="昭氏">昭氏</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%98%AD%E7%8E%8B" title="楚昭王">楚昭王</a>之子<a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E8%89%AF_(%E5%9D%AA%E5%A4%9C%E5%90%9B)" title="子良 (坪夜君)">子良</a>之后</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%8E%8A%E6%B0%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="莊氏(页面不存在)">莊氏</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BA%84%E7%8E%8B" title="楚庄王">楚庄王</a>之后</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%8A%E6%B0%8F" title="囊氏">囊氏</a>:<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E5%BA%84%E7%8E%8B" title="楚庄王">楚庄王</a>之子<a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%9E" title="公子贞">公子贞</a>之后</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%B3%E6%B0%8F" class="mw-redirect" title="柳氏">柳氏</a>:北宋 章定 据《名賢氏族言行類稿》<a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%BE%A9%E5%B8%9D" title="楚義帝">楚義帝</a>之后</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="人物"><span id=".E4.BA.BA.E7.89.A9"></span>人物</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=19" title="编辑章节:人物"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span style="font-size:large;"><b>楚国大夫</b></span><small class="editlink noprint plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F/%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD%E5%A4%A7%E5%A4%AB&action=edit">编辑</a></small></p> <table> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E4%BC%AF%E6%AF%94" title="鬬伯比">鬬伯比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E7%A5%81" title="鬬祁">鬬祁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E4%BB%B2%E7%88%BD" title="彭仲爽">彭仲爽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83" title="子元">子元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E3%9D%85%E6%96%BC%E8%8F%9F" title="鬬㝅於菟">鬬㝅於菟</a>(子文)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%BE%97%E8%87%A3" title="成得臣">成得臣</a>(子玉)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E5%8B%83" title="鬬勃">鬬勃</a>(子上)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8D%E5%91%82%E8%87%A3" title="蒍呂臣">蒍吕臣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%A4%A7%E5%BF%83" title="成大心">成大心</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%98%89" title="成嘉">成嘉</a>(子孔)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E8%88%AC" title="鬬般">鬬般</a>(子扬)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E8%B6%8A%E6%A4%92" class="mw-redirect" title="鬬越椒">鬬椒</a>(子越)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9E%E4%B8%98" class="mw-redirect" title="虞丘">虞丘</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%99%E5%8F%94%E6%95%96" title="孙叔敖">孙叔敖</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E4%BD%A9" title="子佩">子佩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E9%87%8D" title="子重">子重</a>(公子婴齐)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E8%BE%9B" title="子辛">子辛</a>(公子壬夫)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%90%E8%B4%9E" title="公子贞">子囊</a>(公子贞)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%9A" title="子庚">子庚</a>(公子午)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%8D%97" class="mw-disambig" title="子南">子南</a>(公子追舒)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8D%E9%A6%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="蒍馮">蒍冯</a>(蔿子冯)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%BB%BA" title="屈建">屈建</a>(子木)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E7%81%B5%E7%8E%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="楚灵王">公子圍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E8%8D%A1" title="子荡">子盪</a>(薳罢)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E7%9A%99" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="子皙">子皙</a>(公子黑肱)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E6%88%90%E7%84%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="鬬成然">鬬成然</a>(子旗)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%8C%84" title="阳匄">子瑕</a>(阳匄)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%8A%E7%93%A6" title="囊瓦">囊瓦</a>(子常)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E8%A5%BF_(%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%B9)" title="子西 (令尹)">子西</a>(公子申)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E8%AF%B8%E6%A2%81" class="mw-redirect" title="沈诸梁">沈诸梁</a>(子高)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%AD%99%E5%AE%81" class="mw-redirect" title="公孙宁">子国</a>(公孙宁)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E5%BE%A1%E5%BD%8A" title="鬬御彊">鬬御彊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E6%A2%A7" title="鬬梧">鬬梧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E8%89%AF_(%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC)" title="子良 (司馬)">子良</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E8%99%8E" title="成虎">成虎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E5%AE%9C%E7%94%B3" title="鬬宜申">鬬宜申</a>(子西)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E5%85%8B" title="鬬克">鬬克</a>(子仪)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%B3%81%E7%9A%87" title="苗賁皇">苗賁皇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%BB%84" title="克黄">克黄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%AE%E5%BB%84%E5%B0%B9%E6%A3%84%E7%96%BE" title="宮廄尹棄疾">鬬弃疾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E9%9F%8B%E9%BE%9C" title="鬬韋龜">鬬韦龟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%90%E5%85%AC" title="析公">析公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8D%E7%AB%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="蒍章">蒍章</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8D%E8%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="蒍贾">蒍贾</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8D%E6%8E%A9" title="蒍掩">蒍掩</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8D%E5%95%9F%E5%BD%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="蒍啟彊">蒍启彊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%8D%E7%BD%B7" class="mw-redirect" title="蒍罷">蒍罢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E5%B0%B9%E8%A5%84%E8%80%81" class="mw-redirect" title="连尹襄老">连尹襄老</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%BF%E5%B0%81%E6%88%8C" title="穿封戌">穿封戌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%AF%E5%B7%9E%E7%8A%81" class="mw-redirect" title="伯州犁">伯州犁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%A4%E5%AE%9B" title="郤宛">郤宛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E6%97%A0%E5%BF%8C" class="mw-redirect" title="费无忌">费无忌</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%8A%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA" title="養由基">養由基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%B4%87" title="潘崇">潘崇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BD%98%E5%85%9A" title="潘党">潘党</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E8%88%9F" title="申舟">申舟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E7%84%A1%E5%AE%87" title="申無宇">申无宇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E5%8C%85%E8%83%A5" title="申包胥">申包胥</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E5%8F%94%E6%97%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="申叔时">申叔时</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E5%B0%B9%E6%88%8C" title="沈尹戌">沈尹戌</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E7%91%95" title="屈瑕">屈瑕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E7%A6%A6%E5%AF%87" title="屈禦寇">屈禦寇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E8%B5%A4%E8%A7%92" title="屈赤角">屈赤角</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E8%8D%A1_(%E8%BD%A6%E5%8F%B3)" title="屈荡 (车右)">屈盪</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%88%B0" title="屈到">屈到</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E7%94%B3" title="屈申">屈申</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E7%94%9F" title="屈生">屈生</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E9%87%8D" title="屈重">屈重</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%AE%8C" title="屈完">屈完</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E5%85%AC%E5%B7%AB%E8%87%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="申公巫臣">申公巫臣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E7%8B%90%E5%BA%B8" title="屈狐庸">屈狐庸</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F" title="屈原">屈原</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%AE%9C%E8%87%BC" title="屈宜臼">屈宜臼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%8F%82" title="伍参">伍参</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E8%88%89" title="伍舉">伍举</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%A5%A2" title="伍奢">伍奢</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%B0%9A" title="伍尚">伍尚</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%AD%90%E8%83%A5" title="伍子胥">伍子胥</a></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E8%B5%B7" title="吴起">吴起</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E4%BE%AF" title="州侯">州侯</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%86%E8%B3%80" title="穆賀">穆賀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B3%E5%B0%B9%E9%BB%91" title="右尹黑">右尹黑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%90%9B%E5%AD%90%E6%99%B3" class="mw-redirect" title="鄂君子晳">鄂君子晳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E5%A5%9A%E6%81%A4" title="昭奚恤">昭奚恤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E9%98%B3" class="mw-disambig" title="昭阳">昭阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E9%B1%BC" title="昭鱼">昭鱼</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E9%B1%BC" title="昭鱼">昭鱼</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E7%8C%AE" class="mw-redirect" title="昭献">昭献</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E9%9B%8E" title="昭雎">昭雎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%98%B3" title="景阳">景阳</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%B2%A4" title="景鲤">景鲤</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E7%BF%A0" title="景翠">景翠</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E8%88%8D" title="景舍">景舍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E5%B7%AE" title="景差">景差</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%85%B0" title="子兰">子兰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%A4%92" title="子椒">子椒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%8F%E7%A7%A6" title="苏秦">苏秦</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%9C%9C" title="唐眜">唐眜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%B3%E5%B0%9A" title="靳尚">靳尚</a>(上官大夫)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%94%B3%E5%90%9B" title="春申君">春申君</a><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%AD%87" class="mw-redirect" title="黄歇">黄歇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%9B%AD" title="李园">李園</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%87%95" title="项燕">项燕</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="武将"><span id=".E6.AD.A6.E5.B0.86"></span>武将</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=20" title="编辑章节:武将"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%99%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="景陽">景陽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E8%B9%BB" title="莊蹻">莊蹻</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E7%87%95" class="mw-redirect" title="項燕">項燕</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%96%E9%BD%92" class="mw-redirect" title="淖齒">淖齒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E7%9C%9C" title="唐眜">唐眜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%B4%E6%AD%A6%E5%90%9B" title="临武君">臨武君</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="文臣"><span id=".E6.96.87.E8.87.A3"></span>文臣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=21" title="编辑章节:文臣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%AD%E9%9B%8E" title="昭雎">昭雎</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%8A%E8%BE%9B" title="莊辛">莊辛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%AF%E9%B2%A4" title="景鲤">景鯉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%97%E6%98%8E" title="汗明">汗明</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="詩人"><span id=".E8.A9.A9.E4.BA.BA"></span>詩人</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=22" title="编辑章节:詩人"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%8E%9F" title="屈原">屈原</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="楚臣"><span id=".E6.A5.9A.E8.87.A3"></span>楚臣</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=23" title="编辑章节:楚臣"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%8A%E7%94%B1%E5%9F%BA" title="養由基">養由基</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%97%E8%B3%81%E7%9A%87" title="苗賁皇">苗賁皇</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E4%BC%AF%E6%AF%94" title="鬬伯比">鬬伯比</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E7%8F%AD" title="鬬班">鬬班</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E5%BE%A1%E5%BD%8A" title="鬬御彊">鬬御彊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E6%A2%A7" title="鬬梧">鬬梧</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%94%B3%E5%90%9B" title="春申君">春申君</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BC%8D%E5%8F%82" title="伍参">伍参</a></li></ul> </td> <td width="50">  </td> <td valign="top"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9E%90%E5%85%AC" title="析公">析公</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%90%E5%BE%97%E8%87%A3" title="成得臣">子玉</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E6%96%87" class="mw-redirect" title="子文">子文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E8%89%AF_(%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC)" title="子良 (司馬)">子良</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%85%83" title="子元">子元</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AC%AC%E5%85%8B" title="鬬克">子儀</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B1%88%E5%BB%BA" title="屈建">子木</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%84%E8%88%83" title="庄舃">莊舃</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="考古"><span id=".E8.80.83.E5.8F.A4"></span>考古</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=24" title="编辑章节:考古"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E4%B8%8B%E5%AF%BA%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%A5%9A%E5%A2%93%E7%BE%A4" class="mw-redirect" title="淅川下寺春秋楚墓群">淅川下寺春秋楚墓群</a>:有春秋墓葬25座、车马坑5座,从这座古墓葬群中共发掘出青铜器、玉器7000多件。楚国<a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%A4%E5%B0%B9" title="令尹">令尹</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%90%E5%BA%9A" title="子庚">子庚</a>便葬于此地。</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%85%E5%B7%9D%E5%92%8C%E5%B0%9A%E5%B2%AD%E4%B8%8E%E5%BE%90%E5%AE%B6%E5%B2%AD%E6%A5%9A%E5%A2%93%E7%BE%A4" title="淅川和尚岭与徐家岭楚墓群">淅川和尚岭与徐家岭楚墓群</a>:是继下寺楚墓之后在河南发现的最大的一批春秋战国时期的楚国贵族墓群,从楚国<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AE%B4%E5%B0%B9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="箴尹(页面不存在)">箴尹</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%8B%E9%BB%84" title="克黄">克黄</a>的墓内出土了大批精美的青铜器。</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="備註"><span id=".E5.82.99.E8.A8.BB"></span>備註</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=25" title="编辑章节:備註"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="references-NoteFoot"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">即屈家嶺文化,一般稱為「三苗」或「楚蠻」,《早期中国文明:江汉文化与荆楚文明》認為「三苗」是虛無縹緲的存在,應改稱為「炎帝祝融文化」。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参考文献"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8C.AE"></span>参考文献</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=26" title="编辑章节:参考文献"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns references-column-count references-column-count-2" style="-moz-column-count: 2; -webkit-column-count: 2; column-count: 2; list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707041343/http://www.sach.gov.cn/tabid/358/InfoID/11017/Default.aspx">楚都丹阳</a>. (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncha.gov.cn/tabid/358/InfoID/11017/Default.aspx">原始内容</a>存档于2011-07-07).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%A5%9A%E9%83%BD%E4%B8%B9%E9%98%B3&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncha.gov.cn%2Ftabid%2F358%2FInfoID%2F11017%2FDefault.aspx&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《古代荆楚地理新探》(武汉大学出版社出版,1988年10月第一版)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">“芈”,<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD" class="mw-redirect" title="现代标准汉语">现代标准汉语</a>中与“米”字同音,粤語為「美」,<a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="汉语拼音">汉语拼音</a>为mǐ。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://epaper.hf365.com/hfwb/html/2011-01/25/content_376376.htm">河南库区发掘工作圆满结束,出土文物已通过验收</a>. 合肥晚报. 2011年1月25日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2011年2月8日]</span>. (原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110711164216/http://epaper.hf365.com/hfwb/html/2011-01/25/content_376376.htm">存档</a>于2011年7月11日).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&rft.btitle=%E6%B2%B3%E5%8D%97%E5%BA%93%E5%8C%BA%E5%8F%91%E6%8E%98%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E5%9C%86%E6%BB%A1%E7%BB%93%E6%9D%9F%EF%BC%8C%E5%87%BA%E5%9C%9F%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E5%B7%B2%E9%80%9A%E8%BF%87%E9%AA%8C%E6%94%B6&rft.date=2011-01-25&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=%E5%90%88%E8%82%A5%E6%99%9A%E6%8A%A5&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fepaper.hf365.com%2Fhfwb%2Fhtml%2F2011-01%2F25%2Fcontent_376376.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.ifeng.com/gundong/detail_2011_01/25/4440732_0.shtml">科大考古队觅宝千余件</a>. 凤凰网. 2011年1月25日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2011年2月8日]</span>. 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class="reference-text">《史记·卷六十五·孙子吴起列传第五》:及悼王死,宗室大臣作乱而攻吴起,吴起走之王尸而伏之。击起之徒因射刺吴起,并中悼王。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·卷四十一·越王句践世家第十一》:楚威王兴兵而伐之,大败越,杀王无彊,尽取故吴地至浙江,北破齐於徐州。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·卷四十·楚世家第十》:三十年,秦复伐楚,取八城。秦昭王遗楚王书曰:“……寡人原与君王会武关,面相约,结盟而去,寡人之原也。敢以闻下执事。”楚怀王见秦王书……於是往会秦昭王。昭王诈令一将军伏兵武关,号为秦王。楚王至,则闭武关,遂与西至咸阳,朝章台,如蕃臣,不与亢礼。楚怀王大怒,悔不用昭子言。秦因留楚王,要以割巫、黔中之郡。楚王欲盟,秦欲先得地。楚王怒曰:“秦诈我而又彊要我以地!”不复许秦。秦因留之。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·卷四十·楚世家第十》:顷襄王横元年,秦要怀王不可得地,楚立王以应秦,秦昭王怒,发兵出武关攻楚,大败楚军,斩首五万,取析十五城而去。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《<a 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class="reference-text">《史记·卷七十三·白起王翦列传第十三》:王翦果代李信击荆……翦因举兵追之,令壮士击,大破荆军。至蕲南,杀其将军项燕,荆兵遂败走。秦因乘胜略定荆地城邑。岁馀,虏荆王负刍,竟平荆地为郡县。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·秦始皇本纪》</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·卷七·项羽本纪第七》:当是时,秦嘉已立景驹为楚王……项梁……乃进兵击秦嘉。秦嘉军败走,追之至胡陵。嘉还战一日,嘉死,军降。景驹走死梁地。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·卷七·项羽本纪第七》:於是项梁然其言,乃求楚怀王孙心民间,为人牧羊,立以为楚怀王,从民所望也。陈婴为楚上柱国,封五县,与怀王都盱台。项梁自号为武信君。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·卷七·项羽本纪第七》:楚兵已破於定陶,怀王恐,从盱台之彭城,并项羽、吕臣军自将之。以吕臣为司徒,以其父吕青为令尹。以沛公为砀郡长,封为武安侯,将砀郡兵。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·卷七·项羽本纪第七》:王召宋义与计事而大说之,因置以为上将军,项羽为鲁公,为次将,范增为末将,救赵。诸别将皆属宋义,号为卿子冠军。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">《史记·卷七·项羽本纪第七》:项王使人致命怀王。怀王曰:“如约。”乃尊怀王为义帝。</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E9%80%B8" title="王逸">王逸</a>在《楚辞章句》记“昔楚国南郢之邑,沅湘之间,其俗信鬼而好祠”。</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="参见"><span id=".E5.8F.82.E8.A7.81"></span>参见</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=27" title="编辑章节:参见"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="楚文化">楚文化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B9%9D%E9%A0%AD%E9%B3%A5" title="九頭鳥">九头鸟</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%91%E7%BA%B9%E9%93%9C%E7%A6%81" class="mw-redirect" title="云纹铜禁">云纹铜禁</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%9A%E9%95%BF%E5%9F%8E" title="楚长城">楚长城</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="戰國人物列表(页面不存在)">戰國人物列表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E6%88%B0%E5%BD%B9%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="戰國戰役列表">戰國戰役列表</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="延伸阅读"><span id=".E5.BB.B6.E4.BC.B8.E9.98.85.E8.AF.BB"></span>延伸阅读</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%A5%9A%E5%9B%BD&action=edit&section=28" title="编辑章节:延伸阅读"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="mw-editsection-like plainlinks" style="float: right;"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504759" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q504759"><span class="nomobile">在维基数据</span>编<span class="nomobile">辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span> </p> <dl><dd><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="维基文库"><img alt="维基文库中的相关文本:" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> 《<a href="https://zh.wikisource.org/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%A8%98/%E5%8D%B7040#楚國" class="extiw" title="s:史記/卷040">史記/卷040</a>》,出自<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E9%81%B7" title="司馬遷">司馬遷</a>《<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B2%E8%AE%B0" 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abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3%E8%AB%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B" title="Template:周代諸侯列國"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3%E8%AB%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:周代諸侯列國(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E5%91%A8%E4%BB%A3%E8%AB%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%88%97%E5%9C%8B" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:周代諸侯列國"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="周朝諸侯列國" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周朝</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D%E8%AB%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%9C%8B%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="周朝諸侯國列表">諸侯列國</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8" title="西周">西周</a>及東周<a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="春秋时期">春秋时期</a>諸侯國<br />(<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D1046%E5%B9%B4" class="mw-redirect" title="前1046年">前1046年</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D453%E5%B9%B4" title="前453年">前453年</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">周王畿</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周 (王)</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">重要諸侯國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BD" title="鲁国">鲁国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E9%BD%90" title="姜齐">齐国(姜齐国) (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="晋国">晋国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">楚国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="宋国">宋国 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%BD" title="卫国">卫国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%9B%BD" title="陈国">陈国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%9C%8B" title="蔡國">蔡国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="曹國">曹国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="鄭國">郑国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E5%9B%BD" title="燕国">燕国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%9B%BD" title="吴国">吴国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%9C%8B" title="越國">越国 (子)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">畿內諸侯國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%86%E5%9C%8B" title="酆國">酆國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%A9%E5%9B%BD" title="温国">溫國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E5%9C%8B" title="劉國">劉國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%A3%E5%9B%BD" title="荣国">榮國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E5%9C%8B" title="甘國">甘國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%8A%E5%9C%8B" title="樊國">樊國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="尹國">尹國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E9%82%91" title="周邑">周國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%8F%94%E5%9B%BD" title="王叔国">王叔國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%9F%E5%9B%BD" title="原国">原國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="召國">召國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E5%9B%BD" title="单国">單國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="詹國">詹國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A9%E5%9B%BD" title="巩国">鞏國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="毛國">毛國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E5%9B%BD" title="毕国">畢國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%87%89%E5%9C%8B" title="應國">應國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A2%E5%9B%BD" title="邢国">井國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%AA%86%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="大骆国">大骆国 (侯)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於河南省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B1%9F%E5%9B%BD" title="江国">江国 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E5%9B%BD" title="单国">檀國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AE%B7%E5%9B%BD" title="殷国">殷國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E7%87%95%E5%9B%BD" title="南燕国">南燕國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%A2%E9%99%B5%E5%8E%BF" title="鄢陵县">鄢國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E5%9B%BD" title="密国">密国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%A7%AC%E5%A7%93)" title="胡國 (姬姓)">胡國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%84%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="焦國">焦國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%B1%E5%9C%8B" title="共國">共國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%87%A1%E5%9B%BD" title="凡国">凡國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%91%9B%E5%9B%BD" title="葛国">葛國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E8%99%A2%E5%9B%BD" title="东虢国">东虢国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9E%E5%9C%8B" title="杞國">杞國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AC%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="謝國">謝國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B3%E5%9C%8B" title="申國">申國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%81%AF%E5%9C%8B" title="息國">息國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E5%9B%BD" title="黄国">黃國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%95%E5%9B%BD" title="吕国">呂國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%B6%E5%9C%8B" title="鄶國">郐国 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%B4%E5%9B%BD" title="戴国">戴國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%BC%E5%9B%BD" title="蓼国">蓼國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%BC%E5%9B%BD" title="蓼国">繆國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E5%9B%BD" title="番国">番国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%89%E5%9C%8B" title="光國">光國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%AA%E5%9B%BD" title="偪国">偪国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%A6%E5%9C%8B" title="弦國">弦國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%91%E5%9C%8B" title="滑國">滑國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%98%E5%9B%BD" title="邘国">邘國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E5%9C%8B" title="蔣國">蔣國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B6%E5%9C%8B" title="邶國">邶国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B8%E5%9B%BD" title="庸国">鄘国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="祭国">祭國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%93%E5%9C%8B" title="道國">道国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9F%8F%E5%9B%BD" title="柏国">柏國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%99%E5%9B%BD" title="胙国">胙国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%8D%E5%9B%BD" title="雍国">雍国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%85%E5%9C%8B" title="項國">项国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%93%E5%9C%8B" title="頓國">頓國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AE%A1%E5%9B%BD" title="管国">管國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%92%E5%9C%8B" title="姒國">姒国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%93%90%E5%9C%8B" title="蓐國">蓐国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%BF%E5%9C%8B" title="房國">房國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9C%89%E8%8E%98%E6%B0%8F" title="有莘氏">莘國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AE%B8%E5%9B%BD" title="许国">許國 (男)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%95%E9%9F%A6" title="豕韦">韋國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%BE%B9" title="不羹">東不羹國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E7%BE%B9" title="不羹">西不羹國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E5%9C%8B" title="賴國">賴國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A4%8A%E5%9C%8B" title="養國">養國 (伯)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於山東省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A5%9D%E5%9C%8B" title="祝國">祝国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%82%E5%A7%93" title="聂姓">聶國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BA%AA%E5%9B%BD" title="纪国">紀國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%85%E5%9B%BD" title="鄅国">鄅國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BE%E5%9B%BD" title="邾国">邾國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%92%E5%9B%BD" title="莒国">莒國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%91%E5%9B%BD" title="向国">向國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%B5%E5%9C%8B" title="極國">极国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BF%E5%9C%8B" title="邿國">邿国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%95%E5%9B%BD" title="滕国">滕國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E5%9B%BD" title="薛国">薛國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B3%E5%9C%8B" title="郳國">郳國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BF%AB%E5%9C%8B" title="濫國">滥国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="郯国">郯國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%9F%E5%9B%BD" title="鄟国">鄟国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%95%E5%9B%BD" title="郕国">郕國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%BF%E5%9B%BD" title="宿国">宿國 (男)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AD%9A%E5%9C%8B" title="譚國">譚國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%81%82%E5%9B%BD" title="遂国">遂国 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A0%88%E5%8F%A5%E5%9C%8B" title="須句國">須句國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AB%E5%9B%BD" title="鄫国">鄫國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%A3%E5%9B%BD" title="鄣国">鄣国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B7%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%9B%BD" title="淳于国">淳于國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%9C%E5%9C%8B" title="郜國">郜國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%85%E5%9C%8B" title="茅國">茅國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="任國">任国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="邳国">邳国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%89%9F%E5%9C%8B" title="牟國">牟國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%B9%E7%89%9F%E5%9C%8B" title="根牟國">根牟国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%BC%E9%A4%98%E9%82%B1%E5%9C%8B" title="於餘邱國">于馀邱国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%81%AA%E9%98%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="偪阳国">偪陽國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="郭國">郭國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A1%93%E8%87%BE%E5%9C%8B" title="顓臾國">顓臾國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%93%B8%E5%9B%BD" title="铸国">铸国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="阳国">陽國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="费国">费国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%AB%B8%E5%A7%93" title="諸姓">諸國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="介國">介国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%98%9A%E5%9B%BD" title="阚国">阚国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BF%87%E5%9B%BD" title="过国">过国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="莱国">萊國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%8E%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="戎國">戎国 (子)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於河北省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AD%A4%E7%AB%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="孤竹国">孤竹国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="中山国">中山国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A2%E5%9B%BD" title="邢国">邢國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%82%A5%E5%9C%8B_(%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B)" title="肥國 (春秋)">肥国 (侯)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於山西省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%99%A2%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="西虢國">西虢國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%99%A2%E5%9B%BD" title="西虢国">北虢國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8D%80%E5%9B%BD" title="荀国">荀国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%99%9E%E5%9B%BD" title="虞国">虞國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%9C%8B_(%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8%E8%87%B3%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B)" title="魏國 (西周至春秋)">魏國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%BE%E5%9B%BD" title="贾国">賈國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%8D%E5%9B%BD" title="霍国">霍國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%80%BF%E5%9C%8B" title="耿國">耿国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A5%8A%E5%9C%8B" title="楊國">楊國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%97%E5%9C%8B" title="倗國">倗國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9C%B8%E5%9C%8B_(%E5%B1%B1%E8%A5%BF)" title="霸國 (山西)">霸國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%86%80%E5%9B%BD" title="冀国">冀国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%9C%8B" title="黎國">黎國 (侯)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於陝西省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%85%86%E5%9C%8B" title="酆國">酆國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A8%8A%E5%9C%8B" title="樊國">樊國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E5%9F%8E" title="周城">周國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="召國">召國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A9%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="詹國">詹國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%9B%E5%9C%8B" title="毛國">毛國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%AF%95%E5%9B%BD" title="毕国">畢國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%A2%E5%9B%BD" title="邢国">井国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A2%81%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B)" class="mw-redirect" title="梁国 (春秋)">梁國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AE%E5%9B%BD" title="芮国">北芮国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8A%AE%E5%9B%BD" title="芮国">南芮国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%99%A2%E5%9C%8B" title="小虢國">小虢国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B4%87%E5%9B%BD" title="崇国">崇国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD_(%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8)" title="韩国 (西周)">韓國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9C%E5%9C%8B" title="杜國">杜國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%9D%E5%A7%93" title="郝姓">郝国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%86%E9%A1%BB" title="密须">密须国 (伯)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於湖北省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B8%E5%9B%BD" title="庸国">庸国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%82%E5%9B%BD" title="鄂国">鄂國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%BE%E5%9B%BD_(%E5%A7%AC%E5%A7%93)" title="曾国 (姬姓)">曾國(随国) (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%9C%8B" title="唐國">唐國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%93%E5%9B%BD" title="邓国">鄧國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A2%E5%9B%BD" title="卢国">卢国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BD%97%E5%9B%BD" title="罗国">羅國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%94%E5%9C%8B" title="夔國">夔國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%80%E5%9B%BD" title="鄀国">鄀國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BB%AB%E5%9C%8B" title="軫國">轸国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%83%E5%9B%BD" title="权国">權國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%96%E5%9C%8B" title="鄖國">鄖國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%B5%9E%E5%9C%8B" title="絞國">绞国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%B4%E5%9C%8B" title="賴國">赖国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%BE%E5%9C%8B" title="鄾國">鄾國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%AA%E5%90%9B" title="廪君">廩國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%BA%87%E5%9B%BD" title="麇国">麇国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A9%80%E5%9C%8B" title="穀國">穀國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B2%B3%E5%9C%8B" title="貳國">贰国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E5%9B%BD" title="州国">州國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%81%83%E5%9B%BD" title="聃国">聃国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B0%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="陰國">阴国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E9%BB%83%E5%9C%8B" title="西黃國">西黃國</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於安徽省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B2%88%E5%9B%BD" title="沈国">沈國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B_(%E8%AB%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%9C%8B)" title="六國 (諸侯國)">六國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B_(%E8%AB%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%9C%8B)" title="英國 (諸侯國)">英國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%90%E5%9C%8B" title="桐國">桐国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%90%A7%E5%9B%BD" title="萧国">蕭國 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%9B%BD" title="舒国">舒國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%BA%B8%E5%9B%BD" title="舒庸国">舒庸国 (男)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E9%B3%A9%E5%9C%8B" title="舒鳩國">舒鸠国 (男)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E8%93%BC%E5%9C%8B" title="舒蓼國">舒蓼国 (男)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%9B%BD" title="舒国">舒龍國 (男)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%9B%BD" title="舒国">舒龔國 (男)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%88%92%E5%9B%BD" title="舒国">舒鮑國 (男)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97%E5%9C%8B" title="宗國">宗国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%A2%E5%9B%BD" title="巢国">巢國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A1%90%E5%9C%8B" title="桐國">皖國 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%AC%E5%9C%8B" title="廬國">廬國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BA%E7%A6%BB%E5%9B%BD" title="锺离国">鍾離國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9E%E4%BE%86%E5%9C%8B" title="州來國">州來國</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%83%A1%E5%9C%8B" title="胡國">南胡國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E7%AB%A0%E5%9B%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="越章国">越章国 (子)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於江蘇省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%90%E5%9B%BD" title="徐国">徐國 (侯)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%97%E5%9B%BD" title="邗国">邗国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%94%BA%E5%90%BE%E5%9B%BD" title="锺吾国">鍾吾國 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BD%AD%E5%9B%BD" title="彭国">彭国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%95%86%E5%A5%84" title="商奄">奄国 (公)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於重庆市</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9B%BD" title="巴国">巴国 (子)</a> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B1%BC%E5%9B%BD" title="鱼国">鱼国 (子)</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">位於四川省</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E8%9C%80" title="古蜀">蜀国(杜宇朝) (帝)</a> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%98%8E_(%E8%9C%80%E5%9B%BD)" title="开明 (蜀国)">蜀国(开明朝) (帝)</a></li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">東周<br /><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="战国时期">戰國時期</a>諸侯國<br />(<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D453%E5%B9%B4" title="前453年">前453年</a>-<a href="/wiki/%E5%89%8D221%E5%B9%B4" title="前221年">前221年</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">周王畿</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%9C%9D" title="周朝">周 (王)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%BD" title="西周国">西周國 (公)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%9C%E5%91%A8%E5%9B%BD" title="东周国">東周國 (君)</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">主要諸侯王</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%BD%90" title="田齐">齐国(田齐国) (王)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E5%9B%BD" title="魏国">魏国 (王)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD)" title="韩国 (战国)">韩国 (王)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%9B%BD" title="赵国">赵国 (王)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦国 (王)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">楚国 (王)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E5%9B%BD" title="燕国">燕国 (王)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%9C%8B" title="越國">越国 (王)</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">其他諸侯國</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E9%BD%90" title="姜齐">齐国(姜齐国) (公)</a>(<small>前379年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A3%E4%BA%A1" title="陣亡"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a>) <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="晋国">晋国 (公)</a>(<small>前376年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A3%E4%BA%A1" title="陣亡"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BD" title="鲁国">鲁国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="宋国">宋国 (王)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%BD" title="卫国">卫国 (君)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%9C%8B" title="蔡國">蔡国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="鄭國">郑国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B1%B1%E5%9B%BD" title="中山国">中山国 (王)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%B3%E5%9B%BD" title="邳国">邳国 (侯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%9E%E5%9C%8B" title="杞國">杞国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%9B%E5%9B%BD" title="薛国">薛国 (伯)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%82%BE%E5%9B%BD" title="邾国">邾国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%B3%E5%9C%8B" title="郳國">郳国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%BB%95%E5%9B%BD" title="滕国">滕国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8E%92%E5%9B%BD" title="莒国">莒国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%BB%E5%9C%8B" title="任國">任国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%83%AF%E5%9B%BD" title="郯国">郯国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B4%B9%E5%9B%BD" title="费国">费国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E5%9B%BD" title="巴国">巴国 (子)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E9%99%B5%E5%9C%8B" title="安陵國">安陵国 (君)</a></li></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">周体系外</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BC%80%E6%98%8E_(%E8%9C%80%E5%9B%BD)" title="开明 (蜀国)">蜀国(开明朝) (帝)</a>(<small>前316年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A3%E4%BA%A1" title="陣亡"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a>) <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B4%E5%9C%8B" title="苴國">苴国 (侯)</a>(<small>前316年</small> <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%A3%E4%BA%A1" title="陣亡"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman','Old English Text MT',serif"><b>†</b></span></a>)</li></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="春秋十二诸侯" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF" title="Template:春秋十二诸侯"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:春秋十二诸侯(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:春秋十二诸侯"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="春秋十二诸侯" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%A5%E7%A7%8B%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="春秋时期">春秋</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E4%BA%8C%E8%AF%B8%E4%BE%AF%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="十二诸侯年表">十二诸侯</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%B2%81%E5%9B%BD" title="鲁国">鲁国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%9B%BD" title="齐国">齐国</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E5%A7%9C%E9%BD%90" title="姜齐">姜齐</a>) | <a href="/wiki/%E6%99%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="晋国">晋国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E5%9B%BD" title="秦国">秦国</a> | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">楚国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="宋国">宋国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%AB%E5%9B%BD" title="卫国">卫国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%99%88%E5%9B%BD" title="陈国">陈国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A1%E5%9C%8B" title="蔡國">蔡國</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E6%9B%B9%E5%9C%8B" title="曹國">曹國</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%84%AD%E5%9C%8B" title="鄭國">鄭國</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E5%9B%BD" title="燕国">燕国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%9B%BD" title="吴国">吴国</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84261037"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="战国七雄" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="collapsible-title navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84265675"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r84244141"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%83%E9%9B%84" title="Template:戰國七雄"><abbr title="查看该模板">查</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%83%E9%9B%84&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:戰國七雄(页面不存在)"><abbr title="讨论该模板">论</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BC%96%E8%BE%91%E9%A1%B5%E9%9D%A2/Template:%E6%88%B0%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%83%E9%9B%84" title="Special:编辑页面/Template:戰國七雄"><abbr title="编辑该模板">编</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="战国七雄" style="font-size:110%;margin:0 5em"><a href="/wiki/%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD%E4%B8%83%E9%9B%84" title="战国七雄">战国七雄</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%BD%90%E5%9B%BD" title="齐国">齐国</a>(<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%B0%E9%BD%90" title="田齐">田齐</a>) | <a class="mw-selflink selflink">楚国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E5%9B%BD" title="燕国">燕国</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E9%9F%A9%E5%9B%BD_(%E6%88%98%E5%9B%BD)" title="韩国 (战国)">韓國</a> | <a href="/wiki/%E8%B5%B5%E5%9B%BD" 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