CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:fb="http://www.facebook.com/2008/fbml" class="wf-loading"> <head prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns# fb: https://ogp.me/ns/fb# academia: https://ogp.me/ns/fb/academia#"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name=viewport content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/open_search.xml" title="Academia.edu"> <title>Marxist Theory Research Papers - Academia.edu</title>  <link href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-production.ico" rel="shortcut icon" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-57x57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-60x60.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-72x72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-76x76.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-114x114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-120x120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-144x144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-152x152.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/apple-touch-icon-180x180.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-194x194.png" sizes="194x194"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-96x96.png" sizes="96x96"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="manifest" href="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/manifest.json"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#2b5797"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="//a.academia-assets.com/images/favicons/mstile-144x144.png"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff"> <script> window.performance && window.performance.measure && window.performance.measure("Time To First Byte", "requestStart", "responseStart"); </script> <script> (function() { if (!window.URLSearchParams || !window.history || !window.history.replaceState) { return; } var searchParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search); var paramsToDelete = [ 'fs', 'sm', 'swp', 'iid', 'nbs', 'rcc', // related content category 'rcpos', // related content carousel position 'rcpg', // related carousel page 'rchid', // related content hit id 'f_ri', // research interest id, for SEO tracking 'f_fri', // featured research interest, for SEO tracking (param key without value) 'f_rid', // from research interest directory for SEO tracking 'f_loswp', // from research interest pills on LOSWP sidebar for SEO tracking 'rhid', // referrring hit id ]; if (paramsToDelete.every((key) => searchParams.get(key) === null)) { return; } paramsToDelete.forEach((key) => { searchParams.delete(key); }); var cleanUrl = new URL(window.location.href); cleanUrl.search = searchParams.toString(); history.replaceState({}, document.title, cleanUrl); })(); </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "by_tag", 'action': "show_one", 'controller_action': 'by_tag#show_one', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.sendUserTiming = function(timingName) { if (!(window.performance && window.performance.measure)) return; var entries = window.performance.getEntriesByName(timingName, "measure"); if (entries.length !== 1) return; var timingValue = Math.round(entries[0].duration); gtag('event', 'timing_complete', { name: timingName, value: timingValue, event_category: 'User-centric', }); }; window.sendUserTiming("Time To First Byte"); </script> <meta name="csrf-param" content="authenticity_token" /> <meta name="csrf-token" content="ygmiB_fYXYJfPIcGFb7YK8AI6-pZ_r1YZhiemGZr-dMyCQ0nmsVvQFggqqOIFbniBVSuBkPpuNIgA-SsnEDx9g" /> <link href="/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?after=50%2C79209754" rel="next" /><link crossorigin="" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" rel="preconnect" /><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=DM+Sans:ital,opsz,wght@0,9..40,100..1000;1,9..40,100..1000&family=Gupter:wght@400;500;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@300;400&family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20,400,0,0&display=swap" rel="stylesheet" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/common-2b6f90dbd75f5941bc38f4ad716615f3ac449e7398313bb3bc225fba451cd9fa.css" /> <meta name="description" content="View Marxist Theory Research Papers on Academia.edu for free." /> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="bKJMBZA7E43xhDOopFZkssMMkBRjvYERV-NaN4R6mrs" /> <script> var $controller_name = 'by_tag'; var $action_name = "show_one"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '1e60a92a442ff83025cbe4f252857ee7c49c0bbe'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.Aedu = { hit_data: null }; window.Aedu.SiteStats = {"premium_universities_count":14008,"monthly_visitors":"108 million","monthly_visitor_count":108476212,"monthly_visitor_count_in_millions":108,"user_count":283764637,"paper_count":55203019,"paper_count_in_millions":55,"page_count":432000000,"page_count_in_millions":432,"pdf_count":16500000,"pdf_count_in_millions":16}; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1740578908000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1740578908000; window.Aedu.isUsingCssV1 = false; window.Aedu.enableLocalization = true; window.Aedu.activateFullstory = false; window.Aedu.serviceAvailability = { status: {"attention_db":"on","bibliography_db":"on","contacts_db":"on","email_db":"on","indexability_db":"on","mentions_db":"on","news_db":"on","notifications_db":"on","offsite_mentions_db":"on","redshift":"on","redshift_exports_db":"on","related_works_db":"on","ring_db":"on","user_tests_db":"on"}, serviceEnabled: function(service) { return this.status[service] === "on"; }, readEnabled: function(service) { return this.serviceEnabled(service) || this.status[service] === "read_only"; }, }; window.Aedu.viewApmTrace = function() { // Check if x-apm-trace-id meta tag is set, and open the trace in APM // in a new window if it is. var apmTraceId = document.head.querySelector('meta[name="x-apm-trace-id"]'); if (apmTraceId) { var traceId = apmTraceId.content; // Use trace ID to construct URL, an example URL looks like: // https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%31298410148923562634 var apmUrl = 'https://app.datadoghq.com/apm/traces?query=trace_id%3A' + traceId; window.open(apmUrl, '_blank'); } }; </script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i" rel="stylesheet"> <link rel="preload" href="//maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.3.0/css/font-awesome.min.css" as="style" onload="this.rel='stylesheet'"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/libraries-a9675dcb01ec4ef6aa807ba772c7a5a00c1820d3ff661c1038a20f80d06bb4e4.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/academia-1eb081e01ca8bc0c1b1d866df79d9eb4dd2c484e4beecf76e79a7806c72fee08.css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system_legacy-056a9113b9a0f5343d013b29ee1929d5a18be35fdcdceb616600b4db8bd20054.css" /> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/runtime-bundle-005434038af4252ca37c527588411a3d6a0eabb5f727fac83f8bbe7fd88d93bb.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/webpack_libraries_and_infrequently_changed.wjs-bundle-63c3b84e278fb86e50772ccc2ac0281a0f74ac7e2f88741ecad58131583d4c47.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/core_webpack.wjs-bundle-85b27a68dc793256271cea8ce6f178025923f9e7e3c7450780e59eacecf59a75.js"></script> <script src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/webpack_bundles/sentry.wjs-bundle-5fe03fddca915c8ba0f7edbe64c194308e8ce5abaed7bffe1255ff37549c4808.js"></script> <script> jade = window.jade || {}; jade.helpers = window.$h; jade._ = window._; </script>  <script id="tag-manager-head-root">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer_old','GTM-5G9JF7Z');</script>  <script> window.gptadslots = []; window.googletag = window.googletag || {}; window.googletag.cmd = window.googletag.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> // TODO(jacob): This should be defined, may be rare load order problem. // Checking if null is just a quick fix, will default to en if unset. // Better fix is to run this immedietely after I18n is set. if (window.I18n != null) { I18n.defaultLocale = "en"; I18n.locale = "en"; I18n.fallbacks = true; } </script> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1" /> </head>   <body class='c-by_tag a-show_one logged_out u-bgColorWhite'>  <div id="fb-root"></div><script>window.fbAsyncInit = function() { FB.init({ appId: "2369844204", version: "v8.0", status: true, cookie: true, xfbml: true }); // Additional initialization code. if (window.InitFacebook) { // facebook.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitFacebook(); } else { // Set a flag for facebook.ts to find when it loads. window.academiaAuthReadyFacebook = true; } };</script><script>window.fbAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function if (window.FB) { return; } (function(d, s, id){ var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;} js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk')); } if (!window.defer_facebook) { // Autoload if not deferred window.fbAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.fbAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="google-root"></div><script>window.loadGoogle = function() { if (window.InitGoogle) { // google.ts already loaded, set it up. window.InitGoogle("331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"); } else { // Set a flag for google.ts to use when it loads. window.GoogleClientID = "331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b"; } };</script><script>window.googleAsyncLoad = function() { // Protection against double calling of this function (function(d) { var js; var id = 'google-jssdk'; var ref = d.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) { return; } js = d.createElement('script'); js.id = id; js.async = true; js.onload = loadGoogle; js.src = "https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client" ref.parentNode.insertBefore(js, ref); }(document)); } if (!window.defer_google) { // Autoload if not deferred window.googleAsyncLoad(); } else { // Defer loading by 5 seconds setTimeout(function() { window.googleAsyncLoad(); }, 5000); }</script> <div id="tag-manager-body-root">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5G9JF7Z" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <script> window.addEventListener('load', function() { if (document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]')) { document.querySelector('input[name="commit"]').addEventListener('click', function() { gtag('event', 'click', { event_category: 'button', event_label: 'Log In' }) }) } }); </script> </div> <script>var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "26766707" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = (document.location.protocol == "https:" ? "https://sb" : "http://b") + ".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })();</script><img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=26766707&cv=2.0&cj=1" style="position: absolute; visibility: hidden" /> <div id='react-modal'></div> <div class='DesignSystem'> <a class='u-showOnFocus' href='#site'> Skip to main content </a> </div> <div id="upgrade_ie_banner" style="display: none;"><p>Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.</p><p>To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to <a href="https://www.academia.edu/upgrade-browser">upgrade your browser</a>.</p></div><script>// Show this banner for all versions of IE if (!!window.MSInputMethodContext || /(MSIE)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) { document.getElementById('upgrade_ie_banner').style.display = 'block'; }</script> <div class="DesignSystem bootstrap ShrinkableNav no-sm no-md"><div class="navbar navbar-default main-header"><div class="container-wrapper" id="main-header-container"><div class="container"><div class="navbar-header"><div class="nav-left-wrapper u-mt0x"><div class="nav-logo"><a data-main-header-link-target="logo_home" href="https://www.academia.edu/"><img class="visible-xs-inline-block" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015-A.svg" width="24" height="24" /><img width="145.2" height="18" class="hidden-xs" style="height: 24px;" alt="Academia.edu" src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/academia-logo-redesign-2015.svg" /></a></div><div class="nav-search"><div class="SiteSearch-wrapper select2-no-default-pills"><form class="js-SiteSearch-form DesignSystem" action="https://www.academia.edu/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get"><i class="SiteSearch-icon fa fa-search u-fw700 u-positionAbsolute u-tcGrayDark"></i><input class="js-SiteSearch-form-input SiteSearch-form-input form-control" data-main-header-click-target="search_input" name="q" placeholder="Search" type="text" value="" /></form></div></div></div><div class="nav-right-wrapper pull-right"><ul class="NavLinks js-main-nav list-unstyled"><li class="NavLinks-link"><a class="js-header-login-url Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" id="nav_log_in" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="NavLinks-link u-p0x"><a class="Button Button--inverseGray Button--sm u-mb4x" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li></ul><button class="hidden-lg hidden-md hidden-sm u-ml4x navbar-toggle collapsed" data-target=".js-mobile-header-links" data-toggle="collapse" type="button"><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span><span class="icon-bar"></span></button></div></div><div class="collapse navbar-collapse js-mobile-header-links"><ul class="nav navbar-nav"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/login">Log In</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Sign Up</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"><a href="#">more&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li><li><ul class="js-mobile-nav-expand-section nav navbar-nav u-m0x collapse"><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="false" href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><i class="fa fa-briefcase"></i> We're Hiring!</a></li><li class="u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1"><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><i class="fa fa-question-circle"></i> Help Center</a></li><li class="js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger u-borderColorGrayLight u-borderBottom1 dropup" style="display:none"><a href="#">less&nbsp<span class="caret"></span></a></li></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><script>(function(){ var $moreLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-expand-trigger"); var $lessLink = $(".js-mobile-nav-collapse-trigger"); var $section = $('.js-mobile-nav-expand-section'); $moreLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.hide(); $lessLink.show(); $section.collapse('show'); }); $lessLink.click(function(ev){ ev.preventDefault(); $moreLink.show(); $lessLink.hide(); $section.collapse('hide'); }); })() if ($a.is_logged_in() || false) { new Aedu.NavigationController({ el: '.js-main-nav', showHighlightedNotification: false }); } else { $(".js-header-login-url").attr("href", $a.loginUrlWithRedirect()); } Aedu.autocompleteSearch = new AutocompleteSearch({el: '.js-SiteSearch-form'});</script></div></div> <div id='site' class='fixed'> <div id="content" class="clearfix"> <script>document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function(){ var $dismissible = $(".dismissible_banner"); $dismissible.click(function(ev) { $dismissible.hide(); }); });</script> <div class="DesignSystem" style="margin-top:-40px"><div class="PageHeader"><div class="container"><div class="row"><style type="text/css">.sor-abstract { display: -webkit-box; overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Marxist Theory</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">1,058 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Marxist Theory</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Marxist_Theory-1">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79913165" data-work_id="79913165" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79913165/Henri_Lefebvre_and_the_Production_of_Music_Streaming_Spaces">Henri Lefebvre and the Production of Music Streaming Spaces</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper demonstrates how Henri Lefebvre&#39;s influential theory of the &quot;production of space&quot; can help generate a more critical understanding of transformations in digital music, and in particular, the emergence of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79913165" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper demonstrates how Henri Lefebvre&#39;s influential theory of the &quot;production of space&quot; can help generate a more critical understanding of transformations in digital music, and in particular, the emergence of data-driven and cloud-based music streaming services. Lefebvre distinguished between &quot;social space&quot; and what he calls &quot;abstract space&quot; - the space of capitalism. Music streaming services such as Spotify, Deezer, and Pandora, can be understood as the latest stage in the ongoing struggle to transform the &quot;social space&quot; of P2P file-sharing into &quot;abstract space.&quot; By giving careful consideration to perceived, conceived and lived processes in the production of space - what Lefebvre called the &quot;trialectics of space&quot; - this paper illuminates the different ways music streaming services and their listeners produce new spaces of music consumption, helping us in turn to develop a more robust critique of abstract space in ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79913165" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c25f7f58070cae886a13eea1e6e93054" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86468966,"asset_id":79913165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86468966/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5384" href="https://oxford.academia.edu/RobertPrey">Robert Prey</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5384" type="text/json">{"id":5384,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Prey","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"RobertPrey","display_name":"Robert Prey","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/RobertPrey?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5384/268875/13196808/s65_robert.prey.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79913165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79913165"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79913165, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79913165", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79913165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79913165; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79913165"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79913165 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79913165"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79913165; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79913165]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79913165").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79913165").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79913165"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3116" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place">Space and Place</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3116" type="text/json">{"id":3116,"name":"Space and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henri_Lefebvre">Henri Lefebvre</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="24136" type="text/json">{"id":24136,"name":"Henri Lefebvre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henri_Lefebvre?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79913165]'), work: {"id":79913165,"title":"Henri Lefebvre and the Production of Music Streaming Spaces","created_at":"2022-05-25T12:33:18.803-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79913165/Henri_Lefebvre_and_the_Production_of_Music_Streaming_Spaces?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_79913165","summary":"This paper demonstrates how Henri Lefebvre\u0026#39;s influential theory of the \u0026quot;production of space\u0026quot; can help generate a more critical understanding of transformations in digital music, and in particular, the emergence of data-driven and cloud-based music streaming services. Lefebvre distinguished between \u0026quot;social space\u0026quot; and what he calls \u0026quot;abstract space\u0026quot; - the space of capitalism. Music streaming services such as Spotify, Deezer, and Pandora, can be understood as the latest stage in the ongoing struggle to transform the \u0026quot;social space\u0026quot; of P2P file-sharing into \u0026quot;abstract space.\u0026quot; By giving careful consideration to perceived, conceived and lived processes in the production of space - what Lefebvre called the \u0026quot;trialectics of space\u0026quot; - this paper illuminates the different ways music streaming services and their listeners produce new spaces of music consumption, helping us in turn to develop a more robust critique of abstract space in ...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86468966,"asset_id":79913165,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5384,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Prey","domain_name":"oxford","page_name":"RobertPrey","display_name":"Robert Prey","profile_url":"https://oxford.academia.edu/RobertPrey?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5384/268875/13196808/s65_robert.prey.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":3116,"name":"Space and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_and_Place?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":24136,"name":"Henri Lefebvre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henri_Lefebvre?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":25618,"name":"Phenomenology of Space and Place","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phenomenology_of_Space_and_Place?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30947,"name":"The Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Internet?f_ri=621905"},{"id":52480,"name":"Sociologia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociologia?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1171065,"name":"Streaming Music","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Streaming_Music?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72411499" data-work_id="72411499" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72411499/Leadership_Participatory_Democracy_and_Good_Governance_in">Leadership, Participatory Democracy and Good Governance in</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Like all other nations Nigeria aspires to greatness but over five decades after Independence still ranks very low on all parameters of good governance. The objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of leadership, participatory... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72411499" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Like all other nations Nigeria aspires to greatness but over five decades after Independence still ranks very low on all parameters of good governance. The objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of leadership, participatory democracy and good governance, evaluate their significance as components of the development process and articulate the implications of their absence from the administration of public institutions. The paper argues that all three elements are missing from the development process in Nigeria. Systems Analysis or systems theory as enunciated by David Easton is adopted as the theoretical framework. Methodologically the study relies mainly on secondary historical sources of data collection. The paper is significant for its identification of the need for these concepts as guiding principles of the development process in Nigeria. The scope of the paper is Nigeria as a whole from Independence in 1960 till date. It draws the conclusion that Nigerians must insist...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72411499" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="148acdf95bd00080818d27a57cbc6379" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81346735,"asset_id":72411499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81346735/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="114231092" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MOgali">Matthew Ogali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="114231092" type="text/json">{"id":114231092,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Ogali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MOgali","display_name":"Matthew Ogali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MOgali?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114231092/32976908/35473605/s65_matthew.ogali.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72411499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72411499"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72411499, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72411499", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72411499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72411499; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72411499"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72411499 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72411499"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72411499; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72411499]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72411499").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72411499").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72411499"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="741" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance">Public Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="741" type="text/json">{"id":741,"name":"Public Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72411499]'), work: {"id":72411499,"title":"Leadership, Participatory Democracy and Good Governance in","created_at":"2022-02-24T06:18:00.654-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72411499/Leadership_Participatory_Democracy_and_Good_Governance_in?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_72411499","summary":"Like all other nations Nigeria aspires to greatness but over five decades after Independence still ranks very low on all parameters of good governance. The objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of leadership, participatory democracy and good governance, evaluate their significance as components of the development process and articulate the implications of their absence from the administration of public institutions. The paper argues that all three elements are missing from the development process in Nigeria. Systems Analysis or systems theory as enunciated by David Easton is adopted as the theoretical framework. Methodologically the study relies mainly on secondary historical sources of data collection. The paper is significant for its identification of the need for these concepts as guiding principles of the development process in Nigeria. The scope of the paper is Nigeria as a whole from Independence in 1960 till date. It draws the conclusion that Nigerians must insist...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81346735,"asset_id":72411499,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":114231092,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Ogali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MOgali","display_name":"Matthew Ogali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MOgali?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114231092/32976908/35473605/s65_matthew.ogali.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":741,"name":"Public Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1785,"name":"Public PolicyStudies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_PolicyStudies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2969,"name":"Leadership","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leadership?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5167,"name":"Governance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Governance?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6285,"name":"Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8315,"name":"Local Government and Local Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Local_Development?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8471,"name":"Participation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Participation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12328,"name":"Comparative Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Federalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17123,"name":"Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":26067,"name":"Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":56742,"name":"Patriotism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Patriotism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":85990,"name":"Democracy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":220464,"name":"Politics and International relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_and_International_relations?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621906,"name":"Marxist Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1771700" data-work_id="1771700" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/1771700/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep">Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Review of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1771700" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2080009" href="https://unam.academia.edu/SandraPi%C3%B1%C3%B3nGonzaga">Sandra Piñón Gonzaga</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2080009" type="text/json">{"id":2080009,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Piñón Gonzaga","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"SandraPiñónGonzaga","display_name":"Sandra Piñón Gonzaga","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/SandraPi%C3%B1%C3%B3nGonzaga?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2080009/836329/1038547/s65_sandra.pi_n_gonzaga.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1771700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1771700"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1771700, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1771700", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_1771700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1771700; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_1771700"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_1771700 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="1771700"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 1771700; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1771700]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1771700").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1771700").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1771700"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">48</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="123" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore">Mythology And Folklore</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="123" type="text/json">{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="788" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology">Mythology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="788" type="text/json">{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1771700]'), work: {"id":1771700,"title":"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep","created_at":"2012-07-07T01:07:33.850-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1771700/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_1771700","summary":"Review of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? by Philip K. Dick","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2080009,"first_name":"Sandra","last_name":"Piñón Gonzaga","domain_name":"unam","page_name":"SandraPiñónGonzaga","display_name":"Sandra Piñón Gonzaga","profile_url":"https://unam.academia.edu/SandraPi%C3%B1%C3%B3nGonzaga?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2080009/836329/1038547/s65_sandra.pi_n_gonzaga.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":123,"name":"Mythology And Folklore","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology_And_Folklore?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":806,"name":"Philosophy of Mind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Mind?f_ri=621905"},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":888,"name":"Cosmology (Physics)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cosmology_Physics_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":902,"name":"Philosophy Of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Religion?f_ri=621905"},{"id":923,"name":"Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Technology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1258,"name":"Romanticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Romanticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1302,"name":"Theology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4289,"name":"Cyberpunk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4498,"name":"Utopian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utopian_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7322,"name":"Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mysticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7592,"name":"Science fictional technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_fictional_technology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8301,"name":"Philip K Dick","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philip_K_Dick?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8694,"name":"Science Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Fiction?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10444,"name":"Postmodernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmodernism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11152,"name":"Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sufism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16575,"name":"Baha i Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baha_i_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17240,"name":"Contemporary Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Sufism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17459,"name":"Utopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utopian_Literature?f_ri=621905"},{"id":20624,"name":"Dystopian Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Fiction?f_ri=621905"},{"id":20667,"name":"Science Fiction and Fantasy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Fiction_and_Fantasy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":26138,"name":"Utopianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utopianism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":26291,"name":"Postmodern Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmodern_Literature?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":29109,"name":"Postmodern Literary Theory and Popular Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmodern_Literary_Theory_and_Popular_Culture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":29128,"name":"Cybercultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybercultures?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30313,"name":"Adventure Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adventure_Literature?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30571,"name":"Islamic Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Mysticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":40354,"name":"Philosophy of Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Cybernetics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":77187,"name":"Utopia and Science Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utopia_and_Science_Fiction?f_ri=621905"},{"id":81588,"name":"Science Fiction Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Science_Fiction_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":160525,"name":"Space Travel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Space_Travel?f_ri=621905"},{"id":165757,"name":"Al-Khidr","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Al-Khidr?f_ri=621905"},{"id":193481,"name":"philosophical Sufism (school of Ibn 'Arabi)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/philosophical_Sufism_school_of_Ibn_Arabi_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":409326,"name":"Melville Moby-Dick","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Melville_Moby-Dick?f_ri=621905"},{"id":566816,"name":"Bruce Sterling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bruce_Sterling?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":628523,"name":"Philosophy of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Religion-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47679701" data-work_id="47679701" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47679701/Leadership_Participatory_Democracy_and_Good_Governance_in_Nigeria">Leadership, Participatory Democracy and Good Governance in Nigeria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Like all other nations Nigeria aspires to greatness but over five decades after Independence still ranks very low on all parameters of good governance. The objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of leadership, participatory... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47679701" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Like all other nations Nigeria aspires to greatness but over five decades after Independence still ranks very low on all parameters of good governance. The objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of leadership, participatory democracy and good governance, evaluate their significance as components of the development process and articulate the implications of their absence from the administration of public institutions. The paper argues that all three elements are missing from the development process in Nigeria. Systems Analysis or systems theory as enunciated by David Easton is adopted as the theoretical framework. Methodologically the study relies mainly on secondary historical sources of data collection. The paper is significant for its identification of the need for these concepts as guiding principles of the development process in Nigeria. The scope of the paper is Nigeria as a whole from Independence in 1960 till date. It draws the conclusion that Nigerians must insist on good leadership, participatory or inclusive democracy and good governance from their leaders at all levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47679701" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c04f90ddcddf78796cd94dc09a76f728" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66646970,"asset_id":47679701,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66646970/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="114231092" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MOgali">Matthew Ogali</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="114231092" type="text/json">{"id":114231092,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Ogali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MOgali","display_name":"Matthew Ogali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MOgali?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114231092/32976908/35473605/s65_matthew.ogali.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47679701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47679701"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47679701, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47679701", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_47679701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47679701; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_47679701"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_47679701 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="47679701"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 47679701; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=47679701]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_47679701").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_47679701").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="47679701"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="741" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance">Public Finance</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="741" type="text/json">{"id":741,"name":"Public Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1785" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_PolicyStudies">Public PolicyStudies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1785" type="text/json">{"id":1785,"name":"Public PolicyStudies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_PolicyStudies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=47679701]'), work: {"id":47679701,"title":"Leadership, Participatory Democracy and Good Governance in Nigeria","created_at":"2021-04-23T14:33:21.396-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/47679701/Leadership_Participatory_Democracy_and_Good_Governance_in_Nigeria?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_47679701","summary":"Like all other nations Nigeria aspires to greatness but over five decades after Independence still ranks very low on all parameters of good governance. The objective of the paper is to examine the concepts of leadership, participatory democracy and good governance, evaluate their significance as components of the development process and articulate the implications of their absence from the administration of public institutions. The paper argues that all three elements are missing from the development process in Nigeria. Systems Analysis or systems theory as enunciated by David Easton is adopted as the theoretical framework. Methodologically the study relies mainly on secondary historical sources of data collection. The paper is significant for its identification of the need for these concepts as guiding principles of the development process in Nigeria. The scope of the paper is Nigeria as a whole from Independence in 1960 till date. It draws the conclusion that Nigerians must insist on good leadership, participatory or inclusive democracy and good governance from their leaders at all levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66646970,"asset_id":47679701,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":114231092,"first_name":"Matthew","last_name":"Ogali","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MOgali","display_name":"Matthew Ogali","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MOgali?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/114231092/32976908/35473605/s65_matthew.ogali.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":741,"name":"Public Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Finance?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1785,"name":"Public PolicyStudies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_PolicyStudies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":6285,"name":"Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Federalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8315,"name":"Local Government and Local Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Government_and_Local_Development?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11968,"name":"Theories of the State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theories_of_the_State?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12328,"name":"Comparative Federalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Federalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":85990,"name":"Democracy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democracy_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":220464,"name":"Politics and International relations","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_and_International_relations?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621906,"name":"Marxist Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78670983" data-work_id="78670983" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/78670983/Poulantzas_Strategic_Analysis_of_Fascism">Poulantzas' Strategic Analysis of Fascism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The term &#39;fascism&#39; continues to be very much in currency in Philippines society. To the Filipino people, its meaning is often drawn from pained memory of wholesale deprivation of democratic rights and large-scale human rights... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78670983" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The term &#39;fascism&#39; continues to be very much in currency in Philippines society. To the Filipino people, its meaning is often drawn from pained memory of wholesale deprivation of democratic rights and large-scale human rights abuses. Yet, to many, the fear of fascism has still to give way to a deeper understanding of this menace. This may hold true even among those belonging to the progressive movement.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78670983" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="210176" href="https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett">Phillip Ablett</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="210176" type="text/json">{"id":210176,"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Ablett","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"PhillipAblett","display_name":"Phillip Ablett","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210176/48538/30839196/s65_phillip.ablett.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78670983 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78670983"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78670983, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78670983", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78670983 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78670983; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78670983"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78670983 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78670983"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78670983; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78670983]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78670983").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78670983").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78670983"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">18</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5781" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fascism">Fascism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5781" type="text/json">{"id":5781,"name":"Fascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fascism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8785" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines">Philippines</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8785" type="text/json">{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78670983]'), work: {"id":78670983,"title":"Poulantzas' Strategic Analysis of Fascism","created_at":"2022-05-07T05:26:46.303-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78670983/Poulantzas_Strategic_Analysis_of_Fascism?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_78670983","summary":"The term \u0026#39;fascism\u0026#39; continues to be very much in currency in Philippines society. To the Filipino people, its meaning is often drawn from pained memory of wholesale deprivation of democratic rights and large-scale human rights abuses. Yet, to many, the fear of fascism has still to give way to a deeper understanding of this menace. This may hold true even among those belonging to the progressive movement.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":210176,"first_name":"Phillip","last_name":"Ablett","domain_name":"qut","page_name":"PhillipAblett","display_name":"Phillip Ablett","profile_url":"https://qut.academia.edu/PhillipAblett?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/210176/48538/30839196/s65_phillip.ablett.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":5781,"name":"Fascism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fascism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":8785,"name":"Philippines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippines?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":15458,"name":"Structural Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18639,"name":"Dictatorships","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dictatorships?f_ri=621905"},{"id":22559,"name":"Philippine Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":22943,"name":"Marxism (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism_Political_Science_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":65042,"name":"Third World Revolutionary Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Third_World_Revolutionary_Movements?f_ri=621905"},{"id":86094,"name":"Poulantzas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poulantzas?f_ri=621905"},{"id":91941,"name":"Philippine Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philippine_Politics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":117032,"name":"Nicos Poulantzas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicos_Poulantzas?f_ri=621905"},{"id":213031,"name":"Capitalist State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalist_State?f_ri=621905"},{"id":255194,"name":"Democratic Transitions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratic_Transitions?f_ri=621905"},{"id":522983,"name":"Theory of the State","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_the_State?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1765951,"name":"Marxism Leninism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism_Leninism?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_64558820" data-work_id="64558820" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/64558820/Insights_from_Relevance_Theory_on_the_Marxist_critique_of_social_media">Insights from Relevance Theory on the Marxist critique of social media</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">With focus on Facebook, this paper contributes to the scholarly discussion that draws from Marxist concepts to examine “labour relations” between social media organizations as capitalist enterprises and users as both free labour and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_64558820" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">With focus on Facebook, this paper contributes to the scholarly discussion that draws from Marxist concepts to examine “labour relations” between social media organizations as capitalist enterprises and users as both free labour and unwitting commodities sold to advertisers. This critical stream of research has not yet paid much attention to the ideological processes that may be facilitating the establishment and maintenance of such exploitative relations. We adopt a discursive perspective and draw on linguistic pragmatics to shed light on these processes. In particular, we employ the notions of ‘relevance’ and ‘cognitive illusion’ to explore in detail the discourse that influences how the userplatform relationship is, firstly, constructed in and by Facebook’s organizational communication, and secondly, understood by social media users. We introduce a discursive process we callcontext manipulation; it is an analytical concept that helps bring to focus the discursive obscuring of...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/64558820" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f17453e41aa23599ba13ff71a7e88661" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":76539987,"asset_id":64558820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/76539987/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2495961" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/AnuHarju">Anu A Harju</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2495961" type="text/json">{"id":2495961,"first_name":"Anu","last_name":"Harju","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"AnuHarju","display_name":"Anu A Harju","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/AnuHarju?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_64558820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="64558820"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 64558820, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_64558820", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_64558820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64558820; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_64558820"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_64558820 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="64558820"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 64558820; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=64558820]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_64558820").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_64558820").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="64558820"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="94" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis">Discourse Analysis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="94" type="text/json">{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2238" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics">Pragmatics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2238" type="text/json">{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2869" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media">Digital Media</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2869" type="text/json">{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=64558820]'), work: {"id":64558820,"title":"Insights from Relevance Theory on the Marxist critique of social media","created_at":"2021-12-16T07:49:43.361-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/64558820/Insights_from_Relevance_Theory_on_the_Marxist_critique_of_social_media?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_64558820","summary":"With focus on Facebook, this paper contributes to the scholarly discussion that draws from Marxist concepts to examine “labour relations” between social media organizations as capitalist enterprises and users as both free labour and unwitting commodities sold to advertisers. This critical stream of research has not yet paid much attention to the ideological processes that may be facilitating the establishment and maintenance of such exploitative relations. We adopt a discursive perspective and draw on linguistic pragmatics to shed light on these processes. In particular, we employ the notions of ‘relevance’ and ‘cognitive illusion’ to explore in detail the discourse that influences how the userplatform relationship is, firstly, constructed in and by Facebook’s organizational communication, and secondly, understood by social media users. We introduce a discursive process we callcontext manipulation; it is an analytical concept that helps bring to focus the discursive obscuring of...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":76539987,"asset_id":64558820,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2495961,"first_name":"Anu","last_name":"Harju","domain_name":"helsinki","page_name":"AnuHarju","display_name":"Anu A Harju","profile_url":"https://helsinki.academia.edu/AnuHarju?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":94,"name":"Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2238,"name":"Pragmatics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pragmatics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2869,"name":"Digital Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Media?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":5539,"name":"Language and Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Language_and_Ideology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6609,"name":"Relevance Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Relevance_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":58119,"name":"Facebook Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Facebook_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621906,"name":"Marxist Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":697878,"name":"Digital Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digital_Labour?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7421351" data-work_id="7421351" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7421351/Does_the_Process_of_Constitution_Making_Matter">Does the Process of Constitution-Making Matter</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Constitution-making is a ubiquitous but poorly understood phenomenon. There is much speculation but relatively little evidence about the impact of different design processes on constitutional outcomes. Much of the debate reduces to the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_7421351" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Constitution-making is a ubiquitous but poorly understood phenomenon. There is much speculation but relatively little evidence about the impact of different design processes on constitutional outcomes. Much of the debate reduces to the question of who is involved in the process and when. We consider two central issues in this regard. The first is the problem of institutional self-dealing, or whether governmental organs that have something to gain from the constitutional outcome should be involved in the process. The second has to do with the merits of public involvement in the process. Both of these concerns have clear normative implications and both are amenable to straightforward social scientific analysis. This article surveys the relevant research on constitution-making, describes the conceptual issues involved in understanding constitution-making, reviews the various claims regarding variation in constitution-making processes, and presents a set of baseline empirical results from a new set of data on the content and process of constitution-making. 201 Annu. Rev. Law. Soc. Sci. 2009.5:201-223. Downloaded from <a href="http://www.annualreviews.org" rel="nofollow">www.annualreviews.org</a> by NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY -Law Library (Chicago Campus) on 11/09/10. For personal use only.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7421351" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="21e3dc91117352729a1f55479a742e2f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":34532374,"asset_id":7421351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/34532374/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3808603" href="https://chicago.academia.edu/TomGinsburg">Tom Ginsburg</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3808603" type="text/json">{"id":3808603,"first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Ginsburg","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"TomGinsburg","display_name":"Tom Ginsburg","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/TomGinsburg?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3808603/4244859/9211711/s65_tom.ginsburg.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7421351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7421351"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7421351, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7421351", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7421351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7421351; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7421351"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7421351 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7421351"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7421351; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7421351]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7421351").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7421351").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7421351"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">40</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion">Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="106" type="text/json">{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="534" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law">Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="534" type="text/json">{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="796" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics">Comparative Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="796" type="text/json">{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7421351]'), work: {"id":7421351,"title":"Does the Process of Constitution-Making Matter","created_at":"2014-06-21T21:05:26.269-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7421351/Does_the_Process_of_Constitution_Making_Matter?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_7421351","summary":"Constitution-making is a ubiquitous but poorly understood phenomenon. There is much speculation but relatively little evidence about the impact of different design processes on constitutional outcomes. Much of the debate reduces to the question of who is involved in the process and when. We consider two central issues in this regard. The first is the problem of institutional self-dealing, or whether governmental organs that have something to gain from the constitutional outcome should be involved in the process. The second has to do with the merits of public involvement in the process. Both of these concerns have clear normative implications and both are amenable to straightforward social scientific analysis. This article surveys the relevant research on constitution-making, describes the conceptual issues involved in understanding constitution-making, reviews the various claims regarding variation in constitution-making processes, and presents a set of baseline empirical results from a new set of data on the content and process of constitution-making. 201 Annu. Rev. Law. Soc. Sci. 2009.5:201-223. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org by NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY -Law Library (Chicago Campus) on 11/09/10. For personal use only.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":34532374,"asset_id":7421351,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3808603,"first_name":"Tom","last_name":"Ginsburg","domain_name":"chicago","page_name":"TomGinsburg","display_name":"Tom Ginsburg","profile_url":"https://chicago.academia.edu/TomGinsburg?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3808603/4244859/9211711/s65_tom.ginsburg.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":106,"name":"Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Religion?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":796,"name":"Comparative Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Politics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5091,"name":"Democratization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Democratization?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5845,"name":"Social Security Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Security_Law?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6664,"name":"Adoption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adoption?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8828,"name":"Uganda","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uganda?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9659,"name":"Internationalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internationalization?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12142,"name":"Bias","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bias?f_ri=621905"},{"id":13614,"name":"Conflict Resolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conflict_Resolution?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18892,"name":"Kenya","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kenya?f_ri=621905"},{"id":21219,"name":"Socialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":24089,"name":"Causality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causality?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30471,"name":"Constitutionalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Constitutionalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":38251,"name":"Political Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":39946,"name":"Military","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Military?f_ri=621905"},{"id":41861,"name":"War","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/War?f_ri=621905"},{"id":52867,"name":"Rationality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rationality?f_ri=621905"},{"id":53166,"name":"Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power?f_ri=621905"},{"id":53343,"name":"Social Welfare","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Welfare?f_ri=621905"},{"id":56277,"name":"Law and Social Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law_and_Social_Science?f_ri=621905"},{"id":59529,"name":"Political","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political?f_ri=621905"},{"id":59537,"name":"Transparency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Transparency?f_ri=621905"},{"id":64667,"name":"Disclosure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disclosure?f_ri=621905"},{"id":71358,"name":"Design process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Design_process?f_ri=621905"},{"id":81822,"name":"Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolution?f_ri=621905"},{"id":84699,"name":"Bicameralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bicameralism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":92362,"name":"Belief","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Belief?f_ri=621905"},{"id":379386,"name":"Presidentialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Presidentialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":502712,"name":"Ethnic diversity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_diversity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":723610,"name":"Comparative Constitutional Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Constitutional_Design?f_ri=621905"},{"id":732336,"name":"Endogeneity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Endogeneity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1190911,"name":"R","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/R?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1192696,"name":"G","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1194586,"name":"T","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/T?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1197465,"name":"J","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/J?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2191594" data-work_id="2191594" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2191594/The_Protestant_ethic_and_the_spirit_of_capitalism_and_other_writings">The Protestant ethic and the" spirit" of capitalism and other writings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2191594" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="caf9b25baff51e8c9938898951fc2b9d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30243317,"asset_id":2191594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30243317/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2807303" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/ShareenRahim">Shareen Rahim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2807303" type="text/json">{"id":2807303,"first_name":"Shareen","last_name":"Rahim","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"ShareenRahim","display_name":"Shareen Rahim","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/ShareenRahim?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2807303/10744519/11993628/s65_shareen.rahim.jpg_oh_21fec398be8ee9dd4e90877038463e1b_oe_56b72559"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2191594 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2191594"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2191594, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2191594", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2191594 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2191594; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2191594"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2191594 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2191594"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2191594; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2191594]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2191594").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2191594").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2191594"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10106" type="text/json">{"id":10106,"name":"Protestantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44638" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber">Max Weber</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44638" type="text/json">{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2191594]'), work: {"id":2191594,"title":"The Protestant ethic and the\" spirit\" of capitalism and other writings","created_at":"2012-11-24T19:28:20.718-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2191594/The_Protestant_ethic_and_the_spirit_of_capitalism_and_other_writings?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_2191594","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30243317,"asset_id":2191594,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2807303,"first_name":"Shareen","last_name":"Rahim","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"ShareenRahim","display_name":"Shareen Rahim","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/ShareenRahim?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2807303/10744519/11993628/s65_shareen.rahim.jpg_oh_21fec398be8ee9dd4e90877038463e1b_oe_56b72559"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10106,"name":"Protestantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72791082" data-work_id="72791082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72791082/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep">Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72791082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7c22d6d6b7c61b5919143b08339f783" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81578034,"asset_id":72791082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81578034/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="108394008" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLau21">Sharon Lau</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="108394008" type="text/json">{"id":108394008,"first_name":"Sharon","last_name":"Lau","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SharonLau21","display_name":"Sharon Lau","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLau21?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72791082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72791082"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72791082, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72791082", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72791082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72791082; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72791082"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72791082 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72791082"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72791082; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72791082]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72791082").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72791082").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72791082"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1236" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art">Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1236" type="text/json">{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2323" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature">Dystopian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2323" type="text/json">{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4181" type="text/json">{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4289" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4289" type="text/json">{"id":4289,"name":"Cyberpunk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72791082]'), work: {"id":72791082,"title":"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?","created_at":"2022-03-02T05:55:43.188-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72791082/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_72791082","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81578034,"asset_id":72791082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":108394008,"first_name":"Sharon","last_name":"Lau","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SharonLau21","display_name":"Sharon Lau","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SharonLau21?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":4289,"name":"Cyberpunk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16575,"name":"Baha i Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baha_i_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17240,"name":"Contemporary Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Sufism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":20624,"name":"Dystopian Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Fiction?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":29128,"name":"Cybercultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybercultures?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30313,"name":"Adventure Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adventure_Literature?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30571,"name":"Islamic Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Mysticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":68508,"name":"Exchanges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exchanges?f_ri=621905"},{"id":90831,"name":"Essays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essays?f_ri=621905"},{"id":566816,"name":"Bruce Sterling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bruce_Sterling?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":984084,"name":"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3463137" data-work_id="3463137" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3463137/The_protestant_ethic_and_the_spirit_of_capitalism_And_other_writings">The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism: And other writings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3463137" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="99d15d7ac4a88f590556806f1ae934a9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31218725,"asset_id":3463137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31218725/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4049077" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandreSanGoes">Alexandre San Goes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4049077" type="text/json">{"id":4049077,"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"San Goes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexandreSanGoes","display_name":"Alexandre San Goes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandreSanGoes?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4049077/1547359/1877788/s65_alexandre.san_goes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3463137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3463137"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3463137, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3463137", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3463137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3463137; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3463137"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3463137 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3463137"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3463137; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3463137]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3463137").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3463137").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3463137"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10106" type="text/json">{"id":10106,"name":"Protestantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44638" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber">Max Weber</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44638" type="text/json">{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3463137]'), work: {"id":3463137,"title":"The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism: And other writings","created_at":"2013-05-04T10:37:47.187-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3463137/The_protestant_ethic_and_the_spirit_of_capitalism_And_other_writings?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_3463137","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31218725,"asset_id":3463137,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4049077,"first_name":"Alexandre","last_name":"San Goes","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AlexandreSanGoes","display_name":"Alexandre San Goes","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AlexandreSanGoes?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4049077/1547359/1877788/s65_alexandre.san_goes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10106,"name":"Protestantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48166491" data-work_id="48166491" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48166491/Revisiting_Irigaray_s_Essay_Women_on_the_Market_">Revisiting Irigaray’s Essay “Women on the Market”</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">in her outline of the reception of Irigaray's work, makes no mention of postfeminism, nor do any of the other chapters/authors included in the book. 2 I am acutely aware of the Anglo-European focus of this article and the dangers of using... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48166491" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">in her outline of the reception of Irigaray's work, makes no mention of postfeminism, nor do any of the other chapters/authors included in the book. 2 I am acutely aware of the Anglo-European focus of this article and the dangers of using a term such as postfeminism, which marginalizes the goals of transnational feminism presently active across the globe. This idea</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48166491" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f69c289d0c7427e0f679e3eb84307cbf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67524434,"asset_id":48166491,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67524434/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="118697" href="https://smu-ca.academia.edu/TeganZimmerman">Tegan Zimmerman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="118697" type="text/json">{"id":118697,"first_name":"Tegan","last_name":"Zimmerman","domain_name":"smu-ca","page_name":"TeganZimmerman","display_name":"Tegan Zimmerman","profile_url":"https://smu-ca.academia.edu/TeganZimmerman?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/118697/31887/58683839/s65_tegan.zimmerman.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48166491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48166491"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48166491, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48166491", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48166491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48166491; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48166491"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48166491 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48166491"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48166491; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48166491]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48166491").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48166491").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48166491"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7265" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luce_Irigaray">Luce Irigaray</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7265" type="text/json">{"id":7265,"name":"Luce Irigaray","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luce_Irigaray?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10453" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism">Feminism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10453" type="text/json">{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48166491]'), work: {"id":48166491,"title":"Revisiting Irigaray’s Essay “Women on the Market”","created_at":"2021-05-04T03:09:01.455-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48166491/Revisiting_Irigaray_s_Essay_Women_on_the_Market_?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_48166491","summary":"in her outline of the reception of Irigaray's work, makes no mention of postfeminism, nor do any of the other chapters/authors included in the book. 2 I am acutely aware of the Anglo-European focus of this article and the dangers of using a term such as postfeminism, which marginalizes the goals of transnational feminism presently active across the globe. This idea","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67524434,"asset_id":48166491,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":118697,"first_name":"Tegan","last_name":"Zimmerman","domain_name":"smu-ca","page_name":"TeganZimmerman","display_name":"Tegan Zimmerman","profile_url":"https://smu-ca.academia.edu/TeganZimmerman?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/118697/31887/58683839/s65_tegan.zimmerman.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":7265,"name":"Luce Irigaray","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Luce_Irigaray?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":18181,"name":"Postfeminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postfeminism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48404207" data-work_id="48404207" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48404207/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep">Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48404207" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4c2f7f828f38c9db4727a724b9f017ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67052892,"asset_id":48404207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67052892/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="126512640" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RimshaIftikhar3">Rimsha Iftikhar</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="126512640" type="text/json">{"id":126512640,"first_name":"Rimsha","last_name":"Iftikhar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RimshaIftikhar3","display_name":"Rimsha Iftikhar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RimshaIftikhar3?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48404207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48404207"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48404207, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48404207", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_48404207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48404207; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_48404207"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_48404207 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="48404207"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 48404207; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48404207]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48404207").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48404207").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48404207"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="788" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology">Mythology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="788" type="text/json">{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2323" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature">Dystopian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2323" type="text/json">{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4181" type="text/json">{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4289" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4289" type="text/json">{"id":4289,"name":"Cyberpunk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48404207]'), work: {"id":48404207,"title":"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?","created_at":"2021-05-04T17:23:10.570-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48404207/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_48404207","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67052892,"asset_id":48404207,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":126512640,"first_name":"Rimsha","last_name":"Iftikhar","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"RimshaIftikhar3","display_name":"Rimsha Iftikhar","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/RimshaIftikhar3?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":788,"name":"Mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mythology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":4289,"name":"Cyberpunk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":7322,"name":"Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mysticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16575,"name":"Baha i Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baha_i_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17240,"name":"Contemporary Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Sufism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":20624,"name":"Dystopian Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Fiction?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":29128,"name":"Cybercultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybercultures?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30313,"name":"Adventure Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adventure_Literature?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30571,"name":"Islamic Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Mysticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":90831,"name":"Essays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essays?f_ri=621905"},{"id":566816,"name":"Bruce Sterling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bruce_Sterling?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":984084,"name":"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_80664322" data-work_id="80664322" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/80664322/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep">Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article performs a close reading of the Philip K. Dick novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? While developing the argument for an ‘ironic’ usage of the concept of the Anthropocene. This ironised conception is one that intends... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_80664322" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article performs a close reading of the Philip K. Dick novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? While developing the argument for an ‘ironic’ usage of the concept of the Anthropocene. This ironised conception is one that intends to countenance both the Anthropocene’s strength as a designation of human impact on the non-human and the important, valid critiques responding to the Anthropocene. Philip K Dick’s work, in particular Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a superb illustration of such an ironic dynamic because of the dual narrative structure present. For example, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? raises questions about human identity that, while metaphysical, have great significance materially for the characters in the novel, and can be understood as a form of structural discrimination. To demonstrate this ironic duality that should be brought to the Anthropocene, the article draws on Nick Land’s essay Kant, Capital, and the Prohibition of Incest: A Polemical I...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/80664322" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="49a4fab4e7dc6fc7896039b4ed3f9766" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86972051,"asset_id":80664322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86972051/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="121939680" href="https://warwick.academia.edu/RobertHorsfield">Robert Horsfield</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="121939680" type="text/json">{"id":121939680,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Horsfield","domain_name":"warwick","page_name":"RobertHorsfield","display_name":"Robert Horsfield","profile_url":"https://warwick.academia.edu/RobertHorsfield?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121939680/74735623/63236467/s65_robert.horsfield.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_80664322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="80664322"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 80664322, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_80664322", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_80664322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80664322; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_80664322"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_80664322 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="80664322"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 80664322; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=80664322]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_80664322").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_80664322").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="80664322"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1236" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art">Art</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1236" type="text/json">{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2323" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature">Dystopian Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2323" type="text/json">{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4181" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics">Cybernetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4181" type="text/json">{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4289" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4289" type="text/json">{"id":4289,"name":"Cyberpunk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=80664322]'), work: {"id":80664322,"title":"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?","created_at":"2022-06-04T02:01:44.956-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/80664322/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_80664322","summary":"This article performs a close reading of the Philip K. Dick novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? While developing the argument for an ‘ironic’ usage of the concept of the Anthropocene. This ironised conception is one that intends to countenance both the Anthropocene’s strength as a designation of human impact on the non-human and the important, valid critiques responding to the Anthropocene. Philip K Dick’s work, in particular Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? is a superb illustration of such an ironic dynamic because of the dual narrative structure present. For example, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? raises questions about human identity that, while metaphysical, have great significance materially for the characters in the novel, and can be understood as a form of structural discrimination. To demonstrate this ironic duality that should be brought to the Anthropocene, the article draws on Nick Land’s essay Kant, Capital, and the Prohibition of Incest: A Polemical I...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86972051,"asset_id":80664322,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":121939680,"first_name":"Robert","last_name":"Horsfield","domain_name":"warwick","page_name":"RobertHorsfield","display_name":"Robert Horsfield","profile_url":"https://warwick.academia.edu/RobertHorsfield?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/121939680/74735623/63236467/s65_robert.horsfield.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1236,"name":"Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2323,"name":"Dystopian Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":4289,"name":"Cyberpunk","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cyberpunk?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11150,"name":"Islamic Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15800,"name":"Islamic History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15866,"name":"Islam","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islam?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16575,"name":"Baha i Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Baha_i_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17240,"name":"Contemporary Sufism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Sufism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":20624,"name":"Dystopian Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dystopian_Fiction?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28977,"name":"Comparative mythology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_mythology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":29128,"name":"Cybercultures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybercultures?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30313,"name":"Adventure Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adventure_Literature?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30571,"name":"Islamic Mysticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Islamic_Mysticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":68508,"name":"Exchanges","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exchanges?f_ri=621905"},{"id":90831,"name":"Essays","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Essays?f_ri=621905"},{"id":566816,"name":"Bruce Sterling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bruce_Sterling?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":984084,"name":"Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72967152" data-work_id="72967152" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72967152/Waiting_for_Godot_A_Marxist_Study">Waiting for Godot: A Marxist Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: This study tends to focus on the different facets and meanings of ‘’Waiting for Godot’’ by Samuel Beckett. The different occurrences of conflicting and contradictory meanings within the text of the play show existence of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72967152" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: This study tends to focus on the different facets and meanings of ‘’Waiting for Godot’’ by Samuel Beckett. The different occurrences of conflicting and contradictory meanings within the text of the play show existence of the late modernist bourgeois ideology. Based on the theoretical concern of the discussions of Post-Structuralist Marxist theorists Louis Althusser and Pierre Macherey, the main concern of the discussion concentrates on the theory of decentred or disparate text, expounded by Pierre Macherey in his book, “A Theory of Literary Production” (1978). This paper asks how the significant gaps, silences, absences and non-saids in the text of “Waiting for Godot” reflect the presence of the late modernist bourgeois ideology. This paper aims to reflect on the significance of ideology to articulate Post-Structuralist Marxist theory of decentred or disparate text. To make vocal the non-saids of Samuel Beckett’s text, the theory and methodology, I seek in this research pa...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72967152" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a8a7659b803d28a3e4d841e7f4b71d95" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":83894080,"asset_id":72967152,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83894080/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="120058999" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KhairMuhammad14">Khair Muhammad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="120058999" type="text/json">{"id":120058999,"first_name":"Khair","last_name":"Muhammad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KhairMuhammad14","display_name":"Khair Muhammad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KhairMuhammad14?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120058999/30918224/28598157/s65_khair.muhammad.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72967152 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72967152"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72967152, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72967152", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72967152 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72967152; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72967152"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72967152 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72967152"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72967152; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72967152]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72967152").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72967152").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72967152"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="885" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature">English Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="885" type="text/json">{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72967152]'), work: {"id":72967152,"title":"Waiting for Godot: A Marxist Study","created_at":"2022-03-03T16:28:52.723-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72967152/Waiting_for_Godot_A_Marxist_Study?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_72967152","summary":"Abstract: This study tends to focus on the different facets and meanings of ‘’Waiting for Godot’’ by Samuel Beckett. The different occurrences of conflicting and contradictory meanings within the text of the play show existence of the late modernist bourgeois ideology. Based on the theoretical concern of the discussions of Post-Structuralist Marxist theorists Louis Althusser and Pierre Macherey, the main concern of the discussion concentrates on the theory of decentred or disparate text, expounded by Pierre Macherey in his book, “A Theory of Literary Production” (1978). This paper asks how the significant gaps, silences, absences and non-saids in the text of “Waiting for Godot” reflect the presence of the late modernist bourgeois ideology. This paper aims to reflect on the significance of ideology to articulate Post-Structuralist Marxist theory of decentred or disparate text. To make vocal the non-saids of Samuel Beckett’s text, the theory and methodology, I seek in this research pa...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83894080,"asset_id":72967152,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":120058999,"first_name":"Khair","last_name":"Muhammad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KhairMuhammad14","display_name":"Khair Muhammad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KhairMuhammad14?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/120058999/30918224/28598157/s65_khair.muhammad.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":14067,"name":"Literature and Visual Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature_and_Visual_Arts?f_ri=621905"},{"id":292542,"name":"Marxist Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Literary_Criticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":314961,"name":"English Literature and Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature_and_Arts?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_52688437" data-work_id="52688437" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/52688437/A_Readers_Guide_to_Contemporary_Literary_Theory_Fifth_edition_A_Readers_Guide_to_Contemporary_Literary_Theory_Fifth_edition">A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory Fifth edition A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory Fifth edition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A Reader&#39;s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory is a classic introduction to the ever-evolving field of modern literary theory, now expanded and updated in its fifth edition. This book presents the full range of positions and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_52688437" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A Reader&#39;s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory is a classic introduction to the ever-evolving field of modern literary theory, now expanded and updated in its fifth edition. This book presents the full range of positions and movements in contemporary literary theory. It organises the theories into clearly defined sections and presents them in an accessible and lucid style.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/52688437" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6c509b36f31e22a3239bba856dcc5b2" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":69833967,"asset_id":52688437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/69833967/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="10025536" href="https://independent.academia.edu/ilmachan">ilma chan</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="10025536" type="text/json">{"id":10025536,"first_name":"ilma","last_name":"chan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ilmachan","display_name":"ilma chan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ilmachan?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_52688437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="52688437"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 52688437, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_52688437", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_52688437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52688437; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_52688437"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_52688437 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="52688437"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 52688437; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=52688437]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_52688437").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_52688437").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="52688437"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="885" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature">English Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="885" type="text/json">{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1192" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory">Feminist Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1192" type="text/json">{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2065" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology">Research Methodology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2065" type="text/json">{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=52688437]'), work: {"id":52688437,"title":"A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory Fifth edition A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory Fifth edition","created_at":"2021-09-17T23:18:37.759-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/52688437/A_Readers_Guide_to_Contemporary_Literary_Theory_Fifth_edition_A_Readers_Guide_to_Contemporary_Literary_Theory_Fifth_edition?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_52688437","summary":"A Reader\u0026#39;s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory is a classic introduction to the ever-evolving field of modern literary theory, now expanded and updated in its fifth edition. This book presents the full range of positions and movements in contemporary literary theory. It organises the theories into clearly defined sections and presents them in an accessible and lucid style.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":69833967,"asset_id":52688437,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":10025536,"first_name":"ilma","last_name":"chan","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ilmachan","display_name":"ilma chan","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ilmachan?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":13995,"name":"Postcolonial Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postcolonial_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3601732" data-work_id="3601732" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3601732/The_protestant_ethic_and_the_spirit_of_capitalism_And_other_writings">The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism: And other writings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3601732" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="0f48ec4debf845dd14571f4289c5d576" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31298602,"asset_id":3601732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31298602/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4309625" href="https://independent.academia.edu/gc16">g c</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4309625" type="text/json">{"id":4309625,"first_name":"g","last_name":"c","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"gc16","display_name":"g c","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/gc16?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3601732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3601732"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3601732, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3601732", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3601732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3601732; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3601732"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3601732 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3601732"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3601732; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3601732]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3601732").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3601732").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3601732"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10106" type="text/json">{"id":10106,"name":"Protestantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44638" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber">Max Weber</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44638" type="text/json">{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3601732]'), work: {"id":3601732,"title":"The protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism: And other writings","created_at":"2013-05-24T20:35:26.126-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3601732/The_protestant_ethic_and_the_spirit_of_capitalism_And_other_writings?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_3601732","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31298602,"asset_id":3601732,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4309625,"first_name":"g","last_name":"c","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"gc16","display_name":"g c","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/gc16?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10106,"name":"Protestantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2191598" data-work_id="2191598" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2191598/The_Protestant_ethic_and_the_spirit_of_capitalism_and_other_writings">The Protestant ethic and the" spirit" of capitalism and other writings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2191598" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c7babbcd488e96d613355e0a2f4e53d3" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":30243320,"asset_id":2191598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/30243320/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2807303" href="https://du-in.academia.edu/ShareenRahim">Shareen Rahim</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2807303" type="text/json">{"id":2807303,"first_name":"Shareen","last_name":"Rahim","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"ShareenRahim","display_name":"Shareen Rahim","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/ShareenRahim?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2807303/10744519/11993628/s65_shareen.rahim.jpg_oh_21fec398be8ee9dd4e90877038463e1b_oe_56b72559"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2191598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2191598"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2191598, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2191598", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2191598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2191598; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2191598"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2191598 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2191598"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2191598; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2191598]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2191598").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2191598").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2191598"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10106" type="text/json">{"id":10106,"name":"Protestantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44638" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber">Max Weber</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="44638" type="text/json">{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2191598]'), work: {"id":2191598,"title":"The Protestant ethic and the\" spirit\" of capitalism and other writings","created_at":"2012-11-24T19:28:22.489-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2191598/The_Protestant_ethic_and_the_spirit_of_capitalism_and_other_writings?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_2191598","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":30243320,"asset_id":2191598,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2807303,"first_name":"Shareen","last_name":"Rahim","domain_name":"du-in","page_name":"ShareenRahim","display_name":"Shareen Rahim","profile_url":"https://du-in.academia.edu/ShareenRahim?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2807303/10744519/11993628/s65_shareen.rahim.jpg_oh_21fec398be8ee9dd4e90877038463e1b_oe_56b72559"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10106,"name":"Protestantism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":44638,"name":"Max Weber","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_82514102" data-work_id="82514102" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/82514102/In_Marxs_laboratory_critical_interpretations_of_the_Grundrisse">In Marx's laboratory : critical interpretations of the Grundrisse</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Introduction: in Marx&#39;s Laboratory PART ONE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITS OF THE GRUNDRISSE The Grundrisse after Capital, or how to Re-read Marx Backwards, Riccardo Bellofiore Method: from the Grundrisse to Capital, Juan Inigo Carrera The... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_82514102" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Introduction: in Marx&#39;s Laboratory PART ONE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITS OF THE GRUNDRISSE The Grundrisse after Capital, or how to Re-read Marx Backwards, Riccardo Bellofiore Method: from the Grundrisse to Capital, Juan Inigo Carrera The Four Levels of Abstraction of Marx&#39;s Concept of &#39;Capital&#39;. Or, Can We Consider the Grundrisse the Most Advanced Version of Marx&#39;s Concept of Capital?, Roberto Fineschi PART TWO: ABSTRACT LABOUR, VALUE AND MONEY The Practical Truth of Abstract Labour, Christopher J. Arthur Unavoidable Crises: Reflections on Backhaus and the Development of Marx&#39;s Value-Form Theory in the Grundrisse, Patrick Murray PART THREE: THE CONCEPT OF CAPITAL The Transformation of Money into Capital, Martha Campbell The Concept of Capital in the Grundrisse, Howard Engelskirchen PART FOUR: TECHNOLOGY, DOMINATION, EMANCIPATION The &#39;Fragment on Machines&#39;: A Marxian Misconception in the Grundrisse and its Overcoming in Capital, Michael Heinrich The &#39;G...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/82514102" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd302d1a007c7761d3e6d321d3bf5a32" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":88199105,"asset_id":82514102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/88199105/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="504393" href="https://brunel.academia.edu/PeterThomas">Peter D. Thomas</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="504393" type="text/json">{"id":504393,"first_name":"Peter D.","last_name":"Thomas","domain_name":"brunel","page_name":"PeterThomas","display_name":"Peter D. Thomas","profile_url":"https://brunel.academia.edu/PeterThomas?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/504393/174410/203331/s65_peter.thomas.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_82514102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="82514102"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 82514102, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_82514102", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_82514102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82514102; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_82514102"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_82514102 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="82514102"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 82514102; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=82514102]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_82514102").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_82514102").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="82514102"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1734" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics">Marxist Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1734" type="text/json">{"id":1734,"name":"Marxist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1735" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Economic_Thought">History of Economic Thought</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1735" type="text/json">{"id":1735,"name":"History of Economic Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Economic_Thought?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=82514102]'), work: {"id":82514102,"title":"In Marx's laboratory : critical interpretations of the Grundrisse","created_at":"2022-07-02T22:26:42.388-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/82514102/In_Marxs_laboratory_critical_interpretations_of_the_Grundrisse?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_82514102","summary":"Introduction: in Marx\u0026#39;s Laboratory PART ONE: ACHIEVEMENTS AND LIMITS OF THE GRUNDRISSE The Grundrisse after Capital, or how to Re-read Marx Backwards, Riccardo Bellofiore Method: from the Grundrisse to Capital, Juan Inigo Carrera The Four Levels of Abstraction of Marx\u0026#39;s Concept of \u0026#39;Capital\u0026#39;. Or, Can We Consider the Grundrisse the Most Advanced Version of Marx\u0026#39;s Concept of Capital?, Roberto Fineschi PART TWO: ABSTRACT LABOUR, VALUE AND MONEY The Practical Truth of Abstract Labour, Christopher J. Arthur Unavoidable Crises: Reflections on Backhaus and the Development of Marx\u0026#39;s Value-Form Theory in the Grundrisse, Patrick Murray PART THREE: THE CONCEPT OF CAPITAL The Transformation of Money into Capital, Martha Campbell The Concept of Capital in the Grundrisse, Howard Engelskirchen PART FOUR: TECHNOLOGY, DOMINATION, EMANCIPATION The \u0026#39;Fragment on Machines\u0026#39;: A Marxian Misconception in the Grundrisse and its Overcoming in Capital, Michael Heinrich The \u0026#39;G...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":88199105,"asset_id":82514102,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":504393,"first_name":"Peter D.","last_name":"Thomas","domain_name":"brunel","page_name":"PeterThomas","display_name":"Peter D. Thomas","profile_url":"https://brunel.academia.edu/PeterThomas?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/504393/174410/203331/s65_peter.thomas.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1734,"name":"Marxist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1735,"name":"History of Economic Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Economic_Thought?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":5045,"name":"Critical Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Social_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6208,"name":"Economic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12624,"name":"History of Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Political_Thought?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16889,"name":"Heterodox Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterodox_Economics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":79038,"name":"Marxismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":199829,"name":"Marxian Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Economics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":239835,"name":"Marxian Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":370897,"name":"Marxian Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621906,"name":"Marxist Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":632079,"name":"Marxist EconomiCs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_EconomiCs-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":972377,"name":"Heterodox radical Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heterodox_radical_Economics?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_7033244" data-work_id="7033244" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/7033244/Immaterial_and_Affective_Labour_Explored">Immaterial and Affective Labour: Explored</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/7033244" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8a1908e066df7df246f7cf7924e865c9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35705246,"asset_id":7033244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35705246/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3949496" href="https://puc-rio-br.academia.edu/RodrigoNunes">Rodrigo Nunes</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3949496" type="text/json">{"id":3949496,"first_name":"Rodrigo","last_name":"Nunes","domain_name":"puc-rio-br","page_name":"RodrigoNunes","display_name":"Rodrigo Nunes","profile_url":"https://puc-rio-br.academia.edu/RodrigoNunes?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3949496/18749634/18710502/s65_rodrigo.nunes.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_7033244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="7033244"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 7033244, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_7033244", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_7033244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7033244; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_7033244"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_7033244 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="7033244"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 7033244; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=7033244]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_7033244").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_7033244").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="7033244"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">42</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory">Social Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="209" type="text/json">{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=7033244]'), work: {"id":7033244,"title":"Immaterial and Affective Labour: Explored","created_at":"2014-05-13T04:11:23.804-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/7033244/Immaterial_and_Affective_Labour_Explored?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_7033244","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35705246,"asset_id":7033244,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3949496,"first_name":"Rodrigo","last_name":"Nunes","domain_name":"puc-rio-br","page_name":"RodrigoNunes","display_name":"Rodrigo Nunes","profile_url":"https://puc-rio-br.academia.edu/RodrigoNunes?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3949496/18749634/18710502/s65_rodrigo.nunes.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1192,"name":"Feminist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminist_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3536,"name":"Peasant Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Peasant_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7024,"name":"Gender","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gender?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10428,"name":"Value Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10453,"name":"Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feminism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11344,"name":"Creative Industries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Creative_Industries?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11510,"name":"Deleuze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deleuze?f_ri=621905"},{"id":14779,"name":"Immaterial Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Immaterial_Labour?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15322,"name":"Antonio Negri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Negri?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15482,"name":"Structuralism/Post-Structuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structuralism_Post-Structuralism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15694,"name":"Militant Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Militant_Research?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16323,"name":"Biopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolitics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":19723,"name":"Value theory (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_theory_Philosophy_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":20035,"name":"Domestic workers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Domestic_workers?f_ri=621905"},{"id":23514,"name":"Spinoza","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinoza?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":36357,"name":"Operaismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operaismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":60197,"name":"Service Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Service_Work?f_ri=621905"},{"id":63738,"name":"Michael Hardt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michael_Hardt?f_ri=621905"},{"id":67880,"name":"Autonomist Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomist_Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":88941,"name":"Post Structuralism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Structuralism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":118072,"name":"New readings of Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/New_readings_of_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":126797,"name":"Affective Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affective_Labour?f_ri=621905"},{"id":142325,"name":"Fordism and Post-Fordism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fordism_and_Post-Fordism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":183063,"name":"Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Negri_and_Michael_Hardt?f_ri=621905"},{"id":396004,"name":"Media theory and Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_theory_and_Research?f_ri=621905"},{"id":410972,"name":"Antonio Negri Mario Tronti Massimiliano Tomba Raniero Panzieri Riccardo Bellofiore operaismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Negri_Mario_Tronti_Massimiliano_Tomba_Raniero_Panzieri_Riccardo_Bellofiore_operaismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":425178,"name":"Post operaismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_operaismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":435528,"name":"Mariarosa Dalla Costa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mariarosa_Dalla_Costa?f_ri=621905"},{"id":577626,"name":"Autonomist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomist_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621906,"name":"Marxist Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":958603,"name":"Labor Organizing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Organizing?f_ri=621905"},{"id":998882,"name":"Affect Studies and Affective Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect_Studies_and_Affective_Labour?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_34045679" data-work_id="34045679" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/34045679/_Why_does_the_other_want_to_destroy_me_The_Face_of_the_Other_the_Death_Drive_and_urplus_Jouissance_in_the_Time_of_Late_Capitalism">“Why does the other want to destroy me?”: The Face of the Other, the Death Drive, and $urplus Jouissance in the Time of Late Capitalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">What happens to a culture in which the death drive has been totally repressed and turned into a narcissistic desire to consume? Alexander Bove’s response to A. Kiarina Kordela’s first book, $urplus: Spinoza, Lacan (2007), puts ethics,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_34045679" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">What happens to a culture in which the death drive has been totally repressed and turned into a narcissistic desire to consume? Alexander Bove’s response to A. Kiarina Kordela’s first book, $urplus: Spinoza, Lacan (2007), puts ethics, psychoanalysis, Marxism, and biopolitics in conversation with each other. Drawing out a gap in Kordela’s logic, Bove concludes that the insertion Levinas’s concept of the face allows us to conceptualize the role of the death drive in ethics in late capitalism. (Jen Hedler Phillis)</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/34045679" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8e02642d2f892bb7176a395e9c2001fe" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53985002,"asset_id":34045679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53985002/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51090924" href="https://pacificu.academia.edu/AlexanderBove">Alexander Bove</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51090924" type="text/json">{"id":51090924,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Bove","domain_name":"pacificu","page_name":"AlexanderBove","display_name":"Alexander Bove","profile_url":"https://pacificu.academia.edu/AlexanderBove?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51090924/15205951/19214026/s65_alexander.bove.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_34045679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="34045679"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 34045679, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_34045679", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_34045679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34045679; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_34045679"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_34045679 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="34045679"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 34045679; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=34045679]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_34045679").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_34045679").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="34045679"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">46</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="805" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology">Ontology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="805" type="text/json">{"id":805,"name":"Ontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1312" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosis">Psychosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1312" type="text/json">{"id":1312,"name":"Psychosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosis?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=34045679]'), work: {"id":34045679,"title":"“Why does the other want to destroy me?”: The Face of the Other, the Death Drive, and $urplus Jouissance in the Time of Late Capitalism","created_at":"2017-07-26T14:05:31.636-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/34045679/_Why_does_the_other_want_to_destroy_me_The_Face_of_the_Other_the_Death_Drive_and_urplus_Jouissance_in_the_Time_of_Late_Capitalism?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_34045679","summary":"What happens to a culture in which the death drive has been totally repressed and turned into a narcissistic desire to consume? Alexander Bove’s response to A. Kiarina Kordela’s first book, $urplus: Spinoza, Lacan (2007), puts ethics, psychoanalysis, Marxism, and biopolitics in conversation with each other. Drawing out a gap in Kordela’s logic, Bove concludes that the insertion Levinas’s concept of the face allows us to conceptualize the role of the death drive in ethics in late capitalism. (Jen Hedler Phillis)","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53985002,"asset_id":34045679,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51090924,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Bove","domain_name":"pacificu","page_name":"AlexanderBove","display_name":"Alexander Bove","profile_url":"https://pacificu.academia.edu/AlexanderBove?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/51090924/15205951/19214026/s65_alexander.bove.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":805,"name":"Ontology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ontology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1312,"name":"Psychosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychosis?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":3115,"name":"Posthumanism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Posthumanism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4195,"name":"Cultural Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5372,"name":"Post-Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8338,"name":"Jacques Lacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Lacan?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8411,"name":"Émmanuel Lévinas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/%C3%89mmanuel_L%C3%A9vinas?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8487,"name":"Sigmund Freud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sigmund_Freud?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9549,"name":"Lacanian theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lacanian_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10633,"name":"Critical Discourse Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Discourse_Analysis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10810,"name":"Ethical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethical_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12599,"name":"The Other","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Other?f_ri=621905"},{"id":14105,"name":"Levinas","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Levinas?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15447,"name":"Freud and Lacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freud_and_Lacan?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16323,"name":"Biopolitics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biopolitics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":23193,"name":"Environmental Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Humanities?f_ri=621905"},{"id":23514,"name":"Spinoza","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spinoza?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":37274,"name":"Psychoanalytic Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychoanalytic_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":39299,"name":"Lacanian Theory (Culture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lacanian_Theory_Culture_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":44819,"name":"Lacanian psychoanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lacanian_psychoanalysis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":56163,"name":"Otherness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Otherness?f_ri=621905"},{"id":60235,"name":"Alterity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alterity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":73326,"name":"Crtitical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Crtitical_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":105754,"name":"Death Drive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Death_Drive?f_ri=621905"},{"id":149474,"name":"Anthropocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropocene?f_ri=621905"},{"id":172653,"name":"The Real","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Real?f_ri=621905"},{"id":206415,"name":"Commodity Fetishism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commodity_Fetishism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":239353,"name":"Jouissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jouissance?f_ri=621905"},{"id":243612,"name":"Surplus Value","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surplus_Value?f_ri=621905"},{"id":292542,"name":"Marxist Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Literary_Criticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":307878,"name":"Pscychoanalysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pscychoanalysis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":355722,"name":"Stiegler","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stiegler?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":756008,"name":"Jaques Lacan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jaques_Lacan?f_ri=621905"},{"id":986866,"name":"The Gaze","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Gaze?f_ri=621905"},{"id":995956,"name":"Enjoyment/jouissance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Enjoyment_jouissance?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1235050,"name":"Freud","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freud?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1415813,"name":"Capitalocene","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalocene?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2540265,"name":"The Symbolic the Imaginary and the Real","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Symbolic_the_Imaginary_and_the_Real?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2723911,"name":"Real Symbolic Imaginary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Real_Symbolic_Imaginary?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_36812907" data-work_id="36812907" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36812907/Garland_C_2018_Circumnavigating_the_past_foreclosing_the_future_commemoration_of_the_radical_past_in_the_amnesiac_present_in_Discover_Society_DS60">Garland, C. (2018) 'Circumnavigating the past, foreclosing the future: commemoration of the radical past in the amnesiac present' in Discover Society DS60</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">F*ck May 68, Fight Now: Exploring the Uses of the Radical Past from 1968 to Today Session 1: History is a Weapon June 8, 2018 Department of History, University of Liverpool... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_36812907" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">F*ck May 68, Fight Now: Exploring the Uses of the Radical Past from 1968 to Today <br /> <br />Session 1: History is a Weapon <br /> <br />June 8, 2018 <br /> <br />Department of History, University of Liverpool <br /> <br /><a href="https://archive.discoversociety.org/2018/09/04/circumnavigating-the-past-foreclosing-the-future-commemoration-of-the-radical-past-in-the-amnesiac-present/" rel="nofollow">https://archive.discoversociety.org/2018/09/04/circumnavigating-the-past-foreclosing-the-future-commemoration-of-the-radical-past-in-the-amnesiac-present/</a></div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/36812907" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="af9968baf3a15ac404c45b77d5f5cbbf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57309345,"asset_id":36812907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57309345/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="253629" href="https://kcl.academia.edu/ChristianGarland">Christian Garland</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="253629" type="text/json">{"id":253629,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Garland","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"ChristianGarland","display_name":"Christian Garland","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/ChristianGarland?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/253629/54237/49960/s65_christian.garland.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_36812907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="36812907"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 36812907, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_36812907", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_36812907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36812907; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_36812907"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_36812907 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="36812907"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 36812907; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=36812907]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_36812907").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_36812907").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="36812907"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">332</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl11x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="134" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History">Modern History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="134" type="text/json">{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="136" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History">Cultural History</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="136" type="text/json">{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=36812907]'), work: {"id":36812907,"title":"Garland, C. (2018) 'Circumnavigating the past, foreclosing the future: commemoration of the radical past in the amnesiac present' in Discover Society DS60","created_at":"2018-06-09T12:25:59.926-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/36812907/Garland_C_2018_Circumnavigating_the_past_foreclosing_the_future_commemoration_of_the_radical_past_in_the_amnesiac_present_in_Discover_Society_DS60?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_36812907","summary":"F*ck May 68, Fight Now: Exploring the Uses of the Radical Past from 1968 to Today \r\n\r\nSession 1: History is a Weapon\r\n\r\nJune 8, 2018 \r\n\r\nDepartment of History, University of Liverpool \r\n\r\nhttps://archive.discoversociety.org/2018/09/04/circumnavigating-the-past-foreclosing-the-future-commemoration-of-the-radical-past-in-the-amnesiac-present/\r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57309345,"asset_id":36812907,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":253629,"first_name":"Christian","last_name":"Garland","domain_name":"kcl","page_name":"ChristianGarland","display_name":"Christian Garland","profile_url":"https://kcl.academia.edu/ChristianGarland?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/253629/54237/49960/s65_christian.garland.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":134,"name":"Modern History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":136,"name":"Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=621905"},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":817,"name":"Philosophy of Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Agency?f_ri=621905"},{"id":860,"name":"21st Century Literacies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/21st_Century_Literacies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1181,"name":"French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1563,"name":"Consumers \u0026 Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumers_and_Consumption?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1611,"name":"Eyewitness memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eyewitness_memory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2264,"name":"Mimesis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mimesis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2459,"name":"Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2824,"name":"Working Classes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Classes?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3200,"name":"Praxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Praxis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3353,"name":"Subjectivities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subjectivities?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3405,"name":"Frankfurt School (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frankfurt_School_Philosophy_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3406,"name":"Herbert Marcuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Herbert_Marcuse?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3511,"name":"Theodor Adorno","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theodor_Adorno?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3987,"name":"History and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Memory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4952,"name":"Anarchism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anarchism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5045,"name":"Critical Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Social_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5193,"name":"Guy Debord","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Guy_Debord?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5339,"name":"Max Horkheimer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Horkheimer?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5460,"name":"Conceptual Metaphor","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptual_Metaphor?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5604,"name":"Collective Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Action?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6325,"name":"Consumerism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumerism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6358,"name":"Recent History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recent_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7176,"name":"Unemployment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unemployment?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7186,"name":"Strikes (Late 20th Century)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strikes_Late_20th_Century_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7531,"name":"History of Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7939,"name":"Marcuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marcuse?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7978,"name":"Political History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8004,"name":"Resistance (Social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8330,"name":"Walter Benjamin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walter_Benjamin?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8843,"name":"Philosophy of Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9465,"name":"Philosophy of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9517,"name":"Protest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protest?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9539,"name":"Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9713,"name":"Neoliberalization of the state","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalization_of_the_state?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10314,"name":"Social Movements (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements_Political_Science_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10758,"name":"Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modernity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10802,"name":"Subversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subversion?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11166,"name":"Contemporary Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Social_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11296,"name":"Theory of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11455,"name":"Social and Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Collective_Memory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11483,"name":"Cultural Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Memory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11581,"name":"Classical Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Classical_Social_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11966,"name":"Critique of Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12421,"name":"Neoliberal ideologies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberal_ideologies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12422,"name":"Critiques of everyday life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critiques_of_everyday_life?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12644,"name":"Commemoration and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commemoration_and_Memory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":13663,"name":"Social Philosophy (Philosophy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy_Philosophy_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":13666,"name":"Consumer Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Culture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":13950,"name":"Collective Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Memory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":14422,"name":"Poetics as Praxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics_as_Praxis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":14776,"name":"Precarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precarity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15322,"name":"Antonio Negri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Negri?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15448,"name":"Fredric Jameson","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fredric_Jameson?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15487,"name":"Georg Lukacs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georg_Lukacs?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15588,"name":"Social History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15885,"name":"Bertolt Brecht","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bertolt_Brecht?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16966,"name":"David Harvey","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/David_Harvey?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17330,"name":"Affect Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17497,"name":"Sociology of Everyday Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Everyday_Life?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17756,"name":"Ideology Critique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_Critique?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18265,"name":"Media Spectacle studies - Douglas Kellner, Guy Debord.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Spectacle_studies_-_Douglas_Kellner_Guy_Debord.?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18995,"name":"Critique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique?f_ri=621905"},{"id":21346,"name":"Graffiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graffiti?f_ri=621905"},{"id":22113,"name":"The Frankfurt School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Frankfurt_School?f_ri=621905"},{"id":22547,"name":"Social and Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":22576,"name":"Frankfurt School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Frankfurt_School?f_ri=621905"},{"id":22943,"name":"Marxism (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism_Political_Science_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":23252,"name":"Vandalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vandalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":24136,"name":"Henri Lefebvre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henri_Lefebvre?f_ri=621905"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=621905"},{"id":27783,"name":"Ernst Bloch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ernst_Bloch?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28299,"name":"Argumentation Theory and Critical Thinking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Argumentation_Theory_and_Critical_Thinking?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28428,"name":"Marxist philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28754,"name":"Georg Luckács","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georg_Luckacs?f_ri=621905"},{"id":29058,"name":"Financial Crisis of 2008/2009","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis_of_2008_2009?f_ri=621905"},{"id":29400,"name":"Negation (Logic)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negation_Logic_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30087,"name":"Critique as Political Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_as_Political_Practice?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30090,"name":"Adorno, Benjamin and Bloch","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adorno_Benjamin_and_Bloch?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30091,"name":"Anarcho-autonomism and political transformation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anarcho-autonomism_and_political_transformation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30095,"name":"Cultural power and resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_power_and_resistance?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30223,"name":"Antagonist politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antagonist_politics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":31184,"name":"Commodification of Cutlure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commodification_of_Cutlure?f_ri=621905"},{"id":31589,"name":"Urban Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Social_Movements?f_ri=621905"},{"id":32136,"name":"Autonomia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomia?f_ri=621905"},{"id":32138,"name":"Situationist International","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Situationist_International?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":36113,"name":"Institutional Critique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institutional_Critique?f_ri=621905"},{"id":36357,"name":"Operaismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operaismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":36704,"name":"Social and Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Political_Thought?f_ri=621905"},{"id":36740,"name":"Refusal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Refusal?f_ri=621905"},{"id":38824,"name":"Modern European History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_European_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":39485,"name":"Autonomous Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomous_Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":39592,"name":"Cornelius Castoriadis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cornelius_Castoriadis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":39824,"name":"International Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":41079,"name":"Alienation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alienation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":41286,"name":"Everyday Life","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Everyday_Life?f_ri=621905"},{"id":41941,"name":"Libertarian socialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Libertarian_socialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":43306,"name":"Global Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Financial_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":45231,"name":"Generation X","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generation_X?f_ri=621905"},{"id":46384,"name":"Alter-globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alter-globalization?f_ri=621905"},{"id":46908,"name":"1968","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/1968?f_ri=621905"},{"id":47112,"name":"Varieties of Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Varieties_of_Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":49664,"name":"Oral History and Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oral_History_and_Memory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":49675,"name":"Consumption and Consumer Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumption_and_Consumer_Society?f_ri=621905"},{"id":50238,"name":"Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Affect?f_ri=621905"},{"id":50679,"name":"Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":51610,"name":"Postmodernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmodernity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":54659,"name":"Subjectivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subjectivity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":54959,"name":"Anti-Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":56100,"name":"Historical Amnesia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Amnesia?f_ri=621905"},{"id":60755,"name":"Change agents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Change_agents?f_ri=621905"},{"id":61922,"name":"Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Agency?f_ri=621905"},{"id":61982,"name":"Anti-Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Consumption?f_ri=621905"},{"id":62223,"name":"Working-Class History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working-Class_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":62523,"name":"Structural Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structural_Violence?f_ri=621905"},{"id":65220,"name":"Class Struggle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Struggle?f_ri=621905"},{"id":65221,"name":"Precariousness","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precariousness?f_ri=621905"},{"id":65225,"name":"Precariat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precariat?f_ri=621905"},{"id":66420,"name":"Political Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Thought?f_ri=621905"},{"id":67880,"name":"Autonomist Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Autonomist_Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":68539,"name":"Precarious Employment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precarious_Employment?f_ri=621905"},{"id":69178,"name":"May 1968","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/May_1968?f_ri=621905"},{"id":69248,"name":"Precarious Workers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precarious_Workers?f_ri=621905"},{"id":69825,"name":"Negative Affect","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Affect?f_ri=621905"},{"id":69953,"name":"Materialist Dialectic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialist_Dialectic?f_ri=621905"},{"id":69955,"name":"Mobs, Riots, and Revolutionary Crowds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobs_Riots_and_Revolutionary_Crowds?f_ri=621905"},{"id":70358,"name":"Protest Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protest_Movements?f_ri=621905"},{"id":75926,"name":"Social Alienation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Alienation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":77724,"name":"Philosophy of Praxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Praxis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":79439,"name":"Philosophy of history, Philosophy of political action, Walter Benjamin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_history_Philosophy_of_political_action_Walter_Benjamin?f_ri=621905"},{"id":79758,"name":"Economic Crises","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Crises?f_ri=621905"},{"id":81820,"name":"Social protests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_protests?f_ri=621905"},{"id":83222,"name":"Economic Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":83637,"name":"Liquid Modernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Modernity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":86380,"name":"Urban Rebellion/social Protest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Rebellion_social_Protest?f_ri=621905"},{"id":86635,"name":"Negativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negativity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":87398,"name":"Social class struggles","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_class_struggles?f_ri=621905"},{"id":88407,"name":"Austerity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austerity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":92257,"name":"Freedom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freedom?f_ri=621905"},{"id":92330,"name":"Mobs, Riots, and Crowds","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mobs_Riots_and_Crowds?f_ri=621905"},{"id":94626,"name":"Materialist Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialist_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":96098,"name":"Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance?f_ri=621905"},{"id":101239,"name":"Negation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":105120,"name":"David harvey on time and space as the meaning of postmodern condition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/David_harvey_on_time_and_space_as_the_meaning_of_postmodern_condition?f_ri=621905"},{"id":106665,"name":"Sociology of Critique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Critique?f_ri=621905"},{"id":107318,"name":"Reification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reification?f_ri=621905"},{"id":108909,"name":"Alienation, Fetishism and Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alienation_Fetishism_and_Ideology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":115440,"name":"2011","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/2011?f_ri=621905"},{"id":126298,"name":"Italy 1970s","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Italy_1970s?f_ri=621905"},{"id":126406,"name":"Protest and resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protest_and_resistance?f_ri=621905"},{"id":134939,"name":"Globalization, Anti-Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_Anti-Globalization?f_ri=621905"},{"id":135423,"name":"John Holloway","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/John_Holloway?f_ri=621905"},{"id":142106,"name":"Critique of Economism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Economism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":142325,"name":"Fordism and Post-Fordism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fordism_and_Post-Fordism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":154513,"name":"Generation Y","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generation_Y?f_ri=621905"},{"id":159454,"name":"Consumer Society","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Consumer_Society?f_ri=621905"},{"id":159607,"name":"Riots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Riots?f_ri=621905"},{"id":165052,"name":"Critique of Language/Language Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Language_Language_Ideology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":169938,"name":"Arab Spring (Arab Revolts)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_Spring_Arab_Revolts_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":170676,"name":"Raoul Vaneigem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raoul_Vaneigem?f_ri=621905"},{"id":183063,"name":"Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antonio_Negri_and_Michael_Hardt?f_ri=621905"},{"id":184246,"name":"Social and Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Political_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":185458,"name":"WORK ALIENATION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/WORK_ALIENATION?f_ri=621905"},{"id":185499,"name":"Marx’s theory of reification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxs_theory_of_reification?f_ri=621905"},{"id":185583,"name":"Austerity Measures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austerity_Measures?f_ri=621905"},{"id":190640,"name":"Memorialisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memorialisation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":191662,"name":"Social Protest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Protest?f_ri=621905"},{"id":192157,"name":"Marxian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":194396,"name":"Strikes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Strikes?f_ri=621905"},{"id":202967,"name":"Greek Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greek_Financial_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":203014,"name":"Douglas Kellner","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Douglas_Kellner?f_ri=621905"},{"id":206415,"name":"Commodity Fetishism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commodity_Fetishism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":206425,"name":"Rioting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rioting?f_ri=621905"},{"id":212091,"name":"Graduate Underemployment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Graduate_Underemployment?f_ri=621905"},{"id":218683,"name":"False consciousness, alienation, consumer culture and “Fight Club”","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/False_consciousness_alienation_consumer_culture_and_Fight_Club_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":227356,"name":"Generational Memory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generational_Memory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":230948,"name":"Youth Unemployment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Youth_Unemployment?f_ri=621905"},{"id":231863,"name":"Worker Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Worker_Resistance?f_ri=621905"},{"id":234377,"name":"Civil Unrest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Civil_Unrest?f_ri=621905"},{"id":234693,"name":"Generation Z","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generation_Z?f_ri=621905"},{"id":239165,"name":"Rupture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rupture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":239781,"name":"Revolts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolts?f_ri=621905"},{"id":239835,"name":"Marxian Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":246174,"name":"Occupy Wall Street","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupy_Wall_Street?f_ri=621905"},{"id":275378,"name":"Social Unrest and Popular Protest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Unrest_and_Popular_Protest?f_ri=621905"},{"id":278910,"name":"London Riots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London_Riots?f_ri=621905"},{"id":300543,"name":"Underclass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Underclass?f_ri=621905"},{"id":300823,"name":"Anarcho-communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anarcho-communism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":304111,"name":"Eurozone crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eurozone_crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":309270,"name":"Negative Dialectics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Negative_Dialectics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":326943,"name":"The Situationists","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Situationists?f_ri=621905"},{"id":353007,"name":"Precarious Work, Precarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precarious_Work_Precarity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":355853,"name":"Contestation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contestation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":359554,"name":"Anti Capitalist and Anti Globalisation Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_Capitalist_and_Anti_Globalisation_Movements?f_ri=621905"},{"id":363213,"name":"Critique of Culturalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Culturalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":368120,"name":"Globalization and its Discontents","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization_and_its_Discontents?f_ri=621905"},{"id":369373,"name":"European Debt Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Debt_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":370898,"name":"Contemporary European Political and Social Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_European_Political_and_Social_Thought?f_ri=621905"},{"id":375041,"name":"Antagonism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antagonism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":377791,"name":"1968 in Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/1968_in_Europe?f_ri=621905"},{"id":383908,"name":"Left Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Left_Communism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":391453,"name":"Class Conflict","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Conflict?f_ri=621905"},{"id":400658,"name":"Precarious Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precarious_Labour?f_ri=621905"},{"id":408411,"name":"1968-1977","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/1968-1977?f_ri=621905"},{"id":412549,"name":"Marxist Thought","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Thought?f_ri=621905"},{"id":420746,"name":"Underemployment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Underemployment?f_ri=621905"},{"id":423324,"name":"Political and Social Uses of Graffiti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_and_Social_Uses_of_Graffiti?f_ri=621905"},{"id":440245,"name":"Opposition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Opposition?f_ri=621905"},{"id":447929,"name":"May '68","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/May_68-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":452172,"name":"Greece Austerity Measures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Greece_Austerity_Measures?f_ri=621905"},{"id":452431,"name":"Urban riots in london","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_riots_in_london?f_ri=621905"},{"id":454314,"name":"Spanish Indignados (Occupy)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spanish_Indignados_Occupy_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":455608,"name":"Revolts and protests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolts_and_protests?f_ri=621905"},{"id":459928,"name":"Political Discontent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Discontent?f_ri=621905"},{"id":473463,"name":"Oppositions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oppositions?f_ri=621905"},{"id":496484,"name":"Protest and State Repression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protest_and_State_Repression?f_ri=621905"},{"id":497667,"name":"Uprisings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Uprisings?f_ri=621905"},{"id":506698,"name":"Anti-Capitalist Spontaneity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Capitalist_Spontaneity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":521088,"name":"Marxian critique of Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_critique_of_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":521360,"name":"Anti-capitalist perspectives","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-capitalist_perspectives?f_ri=621905"},{"id":547069,"name":"2011 English riots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/2011_English_riots?f_ri=621905"},{"id":548710,"name":"Generation X, Y, Z and Alpha","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Generation_X_Y_Z_and_Alpha?f_ri=621905"},{"id":608016,"name":"Society of the Spectacle","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Society_of_the_Spectacle?f_ri=621905"},{"id":610969,"name":"Modern French History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_French_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":613860,"name":"Arab revolts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arab_revolts?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":622255,"name":"Operaismo, Autonomia and Post-workerism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Operaismo_Autonomia_and_Post-workerism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":622666,"name":"Politics of Austerity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_of_Austerity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":628120,"name":"Eternal Recurrence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eternal_Recurrence?f_ri=621905"},{"id":648516,"name":"Economic Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Globalization?f_ri=621905"},{"id":661537,"name":"Karl Marx Theory of the Mode of Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx_Theory_of_the_Mode_of_Production?f_ri=621905"},{"id":669510,"name":"Labor Strikes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Strikes?f_ri=621905"},{"id":686871,"name":"Temporality and rupture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporality_and_rupture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":697783,"name":"Global Financial Crisis Survival","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Financial_Crisis_Survival?f_ri=621905"},{"id":702584,"name":"Maple Spring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Maple_Spring?f_ri=621905"},{"id":712585,"name":"Anti-power Ethic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-power_Ethic?f_ri=621905"},{"id":712960,"name":"Workers' resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Workers_resistance?f_ri=621905"},{"id":727416,"name":"Concepts of Modernism and Postmodernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Concepts_of_Modernism_and_Postmodernism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":732670,"name":"Harry Cleaver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harry_Cleaver?f_ri=621905"},{"id":740685,"name":"Precarious work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precarious_work?f_ri=621905"},{"id":747417,"name":"State Repression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Repression?f_ri=621905"},{"id":748084,"name":"Critique of Management Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Management_Science?f_ri=621905"},{"id":767666,"name":"Urban Rioting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Rioting?f_ri=621905"},{"id":781330,"name":"Global Uprising, Social Protest, Systemic Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Uprising_Social_Protest_Systemic_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":805202,"name":"Urban Riots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Riots?f_ri=621905"},{"id":805294,"name":"Marxian Theories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Theories?f_ri=621905"},{"id":809053,"name":"Labour and Late Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_and_Late_Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":813365,"name":"Revolts and Rebellions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolts_and_Rebellions?f_ri=621905"},{"id":815965,"name":"Deskilling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deskilling?f_ri=621905"},{"id":840460,"name":"1969","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/1969?f_ri=621905"},{"id":842863,"name":"London riots 2011","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/London_riots_2011?f_ri=621905"},{"id":857439,"name":"Occupy Gezi Park","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupy_Gezi_Park?f_ri=621905"},{"id":861689,"name":"Political Agency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Agency?f_ri=621905"},{"id":862778,"name":"Anti-Austerity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti-Austerity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":892920,"name":"Anti Consumerism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_Consumerism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":894135,"name":"Karl Marx and the surplus population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx_and_the_surplus_population?f_ri=621905"},{"id":895933,"name":"Critical theory and Frankfurt school - Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_theory_and_Frankfurt_school_-_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":901938,"name":"Class Antagonism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class_Antagonism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":912979,"name":"Geography of the Globalized World.","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography_of_the_Globalized_World?f_ri=621905"},{"id":921393,"name":"Lumpenproletariat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lumpenproletariat?f_ri=621905"},{"id":952348,"name":"Society of Consumers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Society_of_Consumers?f_ri=621905"},{"id":958113,"name":"Urban Revolt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Revolt?f_ri=621905"},{"id":962593,"name":"Modern European Social and Cultural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_European_Social_and_Cultural_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":964146,"name":"Political Praxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Praxis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":969315,"name":"Antiglobalization Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antiglobalization_Social_Movements?f_ri=621905"},{"id":970435,"name":"1968 In France","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/1968_In_France?f_ri=621905"},{"id":972209,"name":"Political Theory Esp. Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory_Esp._Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":976826,"name":"Toni Negri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Toni_Negri?f_ri=621905"},{"id":978447,"name":"The Refusal of Work","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Refusal_of_Work?f_ri=621905"},{"id":980467,"name":"Theory and Rebellion and Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_and_Rebellion_and_Revolution?f_ri=621905"},{"id":993051,"name":"Social Subversion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Subversion?f_ri=621905"},{"id":998633,"name":"Reflexive Praxis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reflexive_Praxis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1000171,"name":"Critical Theory/Frankfurt School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory_Frankfurt_School?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1001833,"name":"Mario Tronti","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mario_Tronti?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1003820,"name":"Anti austerity Protests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_austerity_Protests?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1003872,"name":"Financial Crisis 2007","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis_2007?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1007760,"name":"Hot Autumn","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hot_Autumn?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1011717,"name":"Student Protest","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Student_Protest?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1013823,"name":"Post Modern Marxist Critiiques of Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Modern_Marxist_Critiiques_of_Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1019496,"name":"Anti Capitalist Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anti_Capitalist_Social_Movements?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1022130,"name":"Ernst Bloch Traces","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ernst_Bloch_Traces?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1031015,"name":"Modern and Contemporary Anarchism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_and_Contemporary_Anarchism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1032682,"name":"Critical Sociology and Sociology of Critique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Sociology_and_Sociology_of_Critique?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1034464,"name":"Marxist History, Philosophy and Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_History_Philosophy_and_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1123762,"name":"Austerity Policies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Austerity_Policies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1129711,"name":"Recreational Rioting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Recreational_Rioting?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1131629,"name":"Ernst Bloch; Hope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ernst_Bloch_Hope?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1159214,"name":"Global Uprisings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Uprisings?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1186655,"name":"Adorno/Horkheimer","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adorno_Horkheimer?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1192352,"name":"Critique of Reification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Reification?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1196959,"name":"Globalisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1225221,"name":"Urban Uprisings","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Uprisings?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1231123,"name":"Libertarian Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Libertarian_Communism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1245396,"name":"Seattle 1999","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seattle_1999?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1308094,"name":"Mai 1968","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mai_1968?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1339528,"name":"Global Financial Crisis 2008","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Global_Financial_Crisis_2008?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1360863,"name":"UK Riots","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/UK_Riots?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1361672,"name":"Late Modernity/postmodernity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Late_Modernity_postmodernity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1376332,"name":"Taksim Gezi Park Protests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taksim_Gezi_Park_Protests?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1456745,"name":"Critique of Instrumental Reason","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Instrumental_Reason?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1555751,"name":"Horkheimer Max Adorno Theodor W Dialectic of Enlightenment Philosophical Fragments","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horkheimer_Max_Adorno_Theodor_W_Dialectic_of_Enlightenment_Philosophical_Fragments?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1582996,"name":"Critical Theory Theology Marxism Walter Benjamin Frankfurt School","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory_Theology_Marxism_Walter_Benjamin_Frankfurt_School?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1631360,"name":"Harry Bravermann","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Harry_Bravermann?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1762341,"name":"Disquiet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disquiet?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1805799,"name":"Poetics of Negativity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poetics_of_Negativity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1867832,"name":"Proletariat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Proletariat?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2436240,"name":"Oppositional Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oppositional_Political_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2502924,"name":"wildcat strikes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/wildcat_strikes?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2664650,"name":"Historicization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historicization?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_16356094" data-work_id="16356094" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/16356094/Developments_in_Marxist_Theory">Developments in Marxist Theory</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Marxists have analysed power relations in many ways. But four interrelated themes typify their overall approach. The first of these is a concern with power relations as manifestations of a specific mode or configuration of class... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_16356094" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Marxists have analysed power relations in many ways. But four interrelated themes typify their overall approach. The first of these is a concern with power relations as manifestations of a specific mode or configuration of class domination rather than as a purely interpersonal phenomenon lacking deeper foundations in the social structure.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/16356094" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b0769702d5a061c5afac15f3cc504522" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50706698,"asset_id":16356094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50706698/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwNyw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="52629" href="https://lancaster.academia.edu/BobJessop">Bob Jessop</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="52629" type="text/json">{"id":52629,"first_name":"Bob","last_name":"Jessop","domain_name":"lancaster","page_name":"BobJessop","display_name":"Bob Jessop","profile_url":"https://lancaster.academia.edu/BobJessop?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52629/14702723/15971774/s65_bob.jessop.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_16356094 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="16356094"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 16356094, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_16356094", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_16356094 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16356094; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_16356094"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_16356094 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="16356094"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 16356094; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=16356094]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_16356094").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_16356094").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="16356094"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">5</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5709" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics">Politics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5709" type="text/json">{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5780" type="text/json">{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=16356094]'), work: {"id":16356094,"title":"Developments in Marxist Theory","created_at":"2015-10-01T04:52:22.737-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/16356094/Developments_in_Marxist_Theory?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_16356094","summary":"Marxists have analysed power relations in many ways. But four interrelated themes typify their overall approach. The first of these is a concern with power relations as manifestations of a specific mode or configuration of class domination rather than as a purely interpersonal phenomenon lacking deeper foundations in the social structure.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50706698,"asset_id":16356094,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":52629,"first_name":"Bob","last_name":"Jessop","domain_name":"lancaster","page_name":"BobJessop","display_name":"Bob Jessop","profile_url":"https://lancaster.academia.edu/BobJessop?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/52629/14702723/15971774/s65_bob.jessop.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9468115 coauthored" data-work_id="9468115" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9468115/Marx_architecture_and_modernity">Marx, architecture and modernity</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Commissioned as report on the colloquium Marx, Architecture and Modernity held at the University of Westminster, May 2004]</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9468115" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bbc76ae9e71796c3e448661194389aa7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35703028,"asset_id":9468115,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35703028/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="22127817" href="https://rca.academia.edu/JonGoodbun">Jon Goodbun</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="22127817" type="text/json">{"id":22127817,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Goodbun","domain_name":"rca","page_name":"JonGoodbun","display_name":"Jon Goodbun","profile_url":"https://rca.academia.edu/JonGoodbun?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22127817/6052020/6864812/s65_jon.goodbun.jpg_oh_9612f7688ec113c0117b2bd612ec8ace_oe_55133a13___gda___1427850472_3ef570b42826f51813a3d49446bd6956"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-9468115">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-9468115"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://westminster.academia.edu/DavidCunningham">David Cunningham</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-9468115'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-9468115').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9468115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9468115"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9468115, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9468115", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_9468115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9468115; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_9468115"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_9468115 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="9468115"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 9468115; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9468115]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9468115").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9468115").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9468115"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1372" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture">Architecture</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1372" type="text/json">{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2194" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Everyday_Architecture_">The Everyday (Architecture)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2194" type="text/json">{"id":2194,"name":"The Everyday (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Everyday_Architecture_?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="14647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Architecture">Modern Architecture</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="14647" type="text/json">{"id":14647,"name":"Modern Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Architecture?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9468115]'), work: {"id":9468115,"title":"Marx, architecture and modernity","created_at":"2014-11-23T22:14:20.010-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9468115/Marx_architecture_and_modernity?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_9468115","summary":"Commissioned as report on the colloquium Marx, Architecture and Modernity held at the University of Westminster, May 2004]","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35703028,"asset_id":9468115,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":22127817,"first_name":"Jon","last_name":"Goodbun","domain_name":"rca","page_name":"JonGoodbun","display_name":"Jon Goodbun","profile_url":"https://rca.academia.edu/JonGoodbun?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/22127817/6052020/6864812/s65_jon.goodbun.jpg_oh_9612f7688ec113c0117b2bd612ec8ace_oe_55133a13___gda___1427850472_3ef570b42826f51813a3d49446bd6956"},{"id":9329401,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Cunningham","domain_name":"westminster","page_name":"DavidCunningham","display_name":"David Cunningham","profile_url":"https://westminster.academia.edu/DavidCunningham?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9329401/2985083/3503805/s65_david.cunningham.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2194,"name":"The Everyday (Architecture)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Everyday_Architecture_?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":14647,"name":"Modern Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modern_Architecture?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":24136,"name":"Henri Lefebvre","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Henri_Lefebvre?f_ri=621905"},{"id":173836,"name":"Urban theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":574604,"name":"Manfredo Tafuri","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Manfredo_Tafuri?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":627954,"name":"Urban Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urban_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":963856,"name":"The Cultural Politics of Architecture and Urban Design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Cultural_Politics_of_Architecture_and_Urban_Design?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72715299" data-work_id="72715299" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72715299/The_Role_and_Place_of_Commodity_Fetishism_in_Marxs_Systematic_dialectical_Exposition_in_Capital">The Role and Place of 'Commodity Fetishism' in Marx's Systematic-dialectical Exposition in Capital</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This article aims to contribute to the literature on Marx&#39;s systematic-dialectical method through a critical reading and discussion of the significance and presentational &#39;architecture&#39; of the section on commodity fetishism in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72715299" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This article aims to contribute to the literature on Marx&#39;s systematic-dialectical method through a critical reading and discussion of the significance and presentational &#39;architecture&#39; of the section on commodity fetishism in the dialectical sequence of form-determinations in Capital. In order to undertake this task, the paper firstly explores the content and expositional structure of the first three sections of Chapter 1 of Capital. This sets the stage for a methodologically-minded close examination of Marx&#39;s presentation of the fetish character of the commodity, which shows that there is a precise systematic sequence which gives unity to the flow of his argument within the section on &#39;The Fetishism of the Commodity and its Secret&#39;. The conclusion is that only through a proper grasp of the dialectical method can the full systematic significance and implications of Marx&#39;s account of commodity fetishism be uncovered. Keywords commodity fetishism – systema...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72715299" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="4f6e2870443eb004b9d487e302732523" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81533049,"asset_id":72715299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81533049/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3290327" href="https://unq.academia.edu/GuidoStarosta">Guido Starosta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3290327" type="text/json">{"id":3290327,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Starosta","domain_name":"unq","page_name":"GuidoStarosta","display_name":"Guido Starosta","profile_url":"https://unq.academia.edu/GuidoStarosta?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72715299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72715299"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72715299, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72715299", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72715299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72715299; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72715299"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72715299 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72715299"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72715299; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72715299]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72715299").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72715299").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72715299"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72715299]'), work: {"id":72715299,"title":"The Role and Place of 'Commodity Fetishism' in Marx's Systematic-dialectical Exposition in Capital","created_at":"2022-03-01T13:45:24.271-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72715299/The_Role_and_Place_of_Commodity_Fetishism_in_Marxs_Systematic_dialectical_Exposition_in_Capital?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_72715299","summary":"This article aims to contribute to the literature on Marx\u0026#39;s systematic-dialectical method through a critical reading and discussion of the significance and presentational \u0026#39;architecture\u0026#39; of the section on commodity fetishism in the dialectical sequence of form-determinations in Capital. In order to undertake this task, the paper firstly explores the content and expositional structure of the first three sections of Chapter 1 of Capital. This sets the stage for a methodologically-minded close examination of Marx\u0026#39;s presentation of the fetish character of the commodity, which shows that there is a precise systematic sequence which gives unity to the flow of his argument within the section on \u0026#39;The Fetishism of the Commodity and its Secret\u0026#39;. The conclusion is that only through a proper grasp of the dialectical method can the full systematic significance and implications of Marx\u0026#39;s account of commodity fetishism be uncovered. Keywords commodity fetishism – systema...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81533049,"asset_id":72715299,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3290327,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Starosta","domain_name":"unq","page_name":"GuidoStarosta","display_name":"Guido Starosta","profile_url":"https://unq.academia.edu/GuidoStarosta?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":8843,"name":"Philosophy of Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10428,"name":"Value Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17756,"name":"Ideology Critique","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology_Critique?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18303,"name":"Historical Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Materialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":68362,"name":"Value Form Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Form_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":75000,"name":"Philosophy and Religious Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_and_Religious_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":79038,"name":"Marxismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":105756,"name":"Commodity Fetishization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commodity_Fetishization?f_ri=621905"},{"id":187236,"name":"Dialectics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":206415,"name":"Commodity Fetishism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Commodity_Fetishism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":275112,"name":"Dialectical Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectical_Method?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621906,"name":"Marxist Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12069180" data-work_id="12069180" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12069180/Marx_s_Capital_Method_and_Revolutionary_Subjectivity_Table_of_Contents_and_Introduction">Marx’s Capital, Method and Revolutionary Subjectivity - Table of Contents & Introduction</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In Marx´s Capital, Method and Revolutionary Subjectivity, Guido Starosta develops a materialist inquiry into the social and historical determinations of revolutionary subjectivity. Through a methodologically-minded critical reconstruction... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12069180" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In Marx´s Capital, Method and Revolutionary Subjectivity, Guido Starosta develops a materialist inquiry into the social and historical determinations of revolutionary subjectivity. Through a methodologically-minded critical reconstruction of the Marxian critique of political economy, from the early writings up to the Grundrisse and Capital, this study shows that that the outcome of the historical movement of the objectified form of social mediation turned into the very alienated subject of social life (i.e. capital) is to develop, as its own immanent determination, the constitution of the (self-abolishing) working class as a revolutionary subject. A crucial element in this intellectual endeavour is the focus on the intrinsic connection between the specifically dialectical form of social science and its radical transformative content.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12069180" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="8cb5982a548b5c0260abec97363c0f7d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37588297,"asset_id":12069180,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37588297/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3290327" href="https://unq.academia.edu/GuidoStarosta">Guido Starosta</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3290327" type="text/json">{"id":3290327,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Starosta","domain_name":"unq","page_name":"GuidoStarosta","display_name":"Guido Starosta","profile_url":"https://unq.academia.edu/GuidoStarosta?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12069180 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12069180"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12069180, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12069180", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_12069180 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12069180; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_12069180"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_12069180 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12069180"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12069180; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12069180]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12069180").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12069180").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12069180"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11961" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marx">Marx</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11961" type="text/json">{"id":11961,"name":"Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marx?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11966" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Political_Economy">Critique of Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11966" type="text/json">{"id":11966,"name":"Critique of Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="33298" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx">Karl Marx</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="33298" type="text/json">{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12069180]'), work: {"id":12069180,"title":"Marx’s Capital, Method and Revolutionary Subjectivity - Table of Contents \u0026 Introduction","created_at":"2015-04-22T09:29:33.907-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12069180/Marx_s_Capital_Method_and_Revolutionary_Subjectivity_Table_of_Contents_and_Introduction?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_12069180","summary":"In Marx´s Capital, Method and Revolutionary Subjectivity, Guido Starosta develops a materialist inquiry into the social and historical determinations of revolutionary subjectivity. Through a methodologically-minded critical reconstruction of the Marxian critique of political economy, from the early writings up to the Grundrisse and Capital, this study shows that that the outcome of the historical movement of the objectified form of social mediation turned into the very alienated subject of social life (i.e. capital) is to develop, as its own immanent determination, the constitution of the (self-abolishing) working class as a revolutionary subject. A crucial element in this intellectual endeavour is the focus on the intrinsic connection between the specifically dialectical form of social science and its radical transformative content.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37588297,"asset_id":12069180,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":37394344,"asset_id":12069180,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false},{"id":37394338,"asset_id":12069180,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3290327,"first_name":"Guido","last_name":"Starosta","domain_name":"unq","page_name":"GuidoStarosta","display_name":"Guido Starosta","profile_url":"https://unq.academia.edu/GuidoStarosta?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":11961,"name":"Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marx?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":11966,"name":"Critique of Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":187236,"name":"Dialectics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dialectics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":192157,"name":"Marxian Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":199829,"name":"Marxian Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Economics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":239835,"name":"Marxian Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":521088,"name":"Marxian critique of Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_critique_of_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1268598,"name":"Marxist Dialectics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Dialectics?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_763804 coauthored" data-work_id="763804" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/763804/Embourgeoisment_Immiseration_Commodification_Marxism_Revisited_a_Critique_of_Education_in_Capitalist_Systems">Embourgeoisment, Immiseration, CommodificationMarxism Revisited: a Critique of Education in Capitalist Systems</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">... EXTEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:20264769~menuPK:613701~pagePK:148956~ piPK:216618~theSitePK:282386,00.html. Correspondence. Nigel Greaves: <a href="mailto:nmgreaves@googlemail.com" rel="nofollow">nmgreaves@googlemail.com</a> Dave Hill: <a href="mailto:dave.hill@northampton.ac.uk" rel="nofollow">dave.hill@northampton.ac.uk</a>.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/763804" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ea1f0074b7ee1bdc5a686190ca31d869" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":56904222,"asset_id":763804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/56904222/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="14743" href="https://bristoluwe.academia.edu/DrAlpeshMaisuria">Dr. Alpesh Maisuria</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="14743" type="text/json">{"id":14743,"first_name":"Dr. Alpesh","last_name":"Maisuria","domain_name":"bristoluwe","page_name":"DrAlpeshMaisuria","display_name":"Dr. Alpesh Maisuria","profile_url":"https://bristoluwe.academia.edu/DrAlpeshMaisuria?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14743/4940/581781/s65_alpesh.maisuria.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-763804">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-763804"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/davehill41">dave hill</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-763804'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-763804').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_763804 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="763804"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 763804, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_763804", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_763804 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 763804; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_763804"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_763804 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="763804"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 763804; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=763804]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_763804").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_763804").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="763804"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5780" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5780" type="text/json">{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="26879" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class">Social Class</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="26879" type="text/json">{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="27338" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Theory">Educational Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="27338" type="text/json">{"id":27338,"name":"Educational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=763804]'), work: {"id":763804,"title":"Embourgeoisment, Immiseration, CommodificationMarxism Revisited: a Critique of Education in Capitalist Systems","created_at":"2011-07-20T15:43:25.845-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/763804/Embourgeoisment_Immiseration_Commodification_Marxism_Revisited_a_Critique_of_Education_in_Capitalist_Systems?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_763804","summary":"... EXTEDUCATION/0,,contentMDK:20264769~menuPK:613701~pagePK:148956~ piPK:216618~theSitePK:282386,00.html. Correspondence. Nigel Greaves: nmgreaves@googlemail.com Dave Hill: dave.hill@northampton.ac.uk.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":56904222,"asset_id":763804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":14743,"first_name":"Dr. Alpesh","last_name":"Maisuria","domain_name":"bristoluwe","page_name":"DrAlpeshMaisuria","display_name":"Dr. Alpesh Maisuria","profile_url":"https://bristoluwe.academia.edu/DrAlpeshMaisuria?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/14743/4940/581781/s65_alpesh.maisuria.jpg"},{"id":672815,"first_name":"dave","last_name":"hill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"davehill41","display_name":"dave hill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/davehill41?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/672815/954562/1425929/s65_dave.hill.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":27338,"name":"Educational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":46644,"name":"Social Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Inequality?f_ri=621905"},{"id":56663,"name":"Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":91070,"name":"Inequality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Inequality?f_ri=621905"},{"id":194568,"name":"Social Systems","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Systems?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6243382" data-work_id="6243382" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6243382/CONFRONTING_GLOBAL_NEOLIBERALISM_Third_World_Resistance_and_Development_Strategies">CONFRONTING GLOBAL NEOLIBERALISM: Third World Resistance and Development Strategies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6243382" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fbe0de50ba39d99c68aefcb4122b2272" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33105410,"asset_id":6243382,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33105410/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="9575922" href="https://opole.academia.edu/RichardWestra">Richard Westra</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="9575922" type="text/json">{"id":9575922,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Westra","domain_name":"opole","page_name":"RichardWestra","display_name":"Richard Westra","profile_url":"https://opole.academia.edu/RichardWestra?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9575922/3029086/13992945/s65_richard.westra.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6243382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6243382"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6243382, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6243382", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6243382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6243382; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6243382"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6243382 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6243382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6243382; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6243382]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6243382").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6243382").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6243382"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="727" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics">Development Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="727" type="text/json">{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="977" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies">Development Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="977" type="text/json">{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1439" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization">Globalization</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1439" type="text/json">{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6243382]'), work: {"id":6243382,"title":"CONFRONTING GLOBAL NEOLIBERALISM: Third World Resistance and Development Strategies","created_at":"2014-02-28T17:16:32.331-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6243382/CONFRONTING_GLOBAL_NEOLIBERALISM_Third_World_Resistance_and_Development_Strategies?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_6243382","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33105410,"asset_id":6243382,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":9575922,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Westra","domain_name":"opole","page_name":"RichardWestra","display_name":"Richard Westra","profile_url":"https://opole.academia.edu/RichardWestra?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/9575922/3029086/13992945/s65_richard.westra.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":727,"name":"Development Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":977,"name":"Development Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Development_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1439,"name":"Globalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalization?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":5780,"name":"Ideology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6276,"name":"International Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7453,"name":"Rural Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rural_Development?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18794,"name":"Critical international political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_international_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":90169,"name":"DEVELOPMENT AND UNDERDEVELOPMENT","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DEVELOPMENT_AND_UNDERDEVELOPMENT?f_ri=621905"},{"id":141893,"name":"World-Systems Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/World-Systems_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":156477,"name":"Land Grabbing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_Grabbing?f_ri=621905"},{"id":199829,"name":"Marxian Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxian_Economics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1756030,"name":"Newly Industrialized Countries","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Newly_Industrialized_Countries?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5987884" data-work_id="5987884" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5987884/Methods_for_Researching_the_Social_Production_of_Labour_Power_in_Capitalism">Methods for Researching the Social Production of Labour Power in Capitalism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5987884" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="86d656511605af92d22978cea07272a7" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":32942065,"asset_id":5987884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/32942065/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4402462" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GlennRikowski">Glenn Rikowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4402462" type="text/json">{"id":4402462,"first_name":"Glenn","last_name":"Rikowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GlennRikowski","display_name":"Glenn Rikowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GlennRikowski?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4402462/1786653/11877674/s65_glenn.rikowski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5987884 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="5987884"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 5987884, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_5987884", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_5987884 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5987884; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_5987884"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_5987884 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="5987884"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 5987884; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=5987884]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_5987884").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_5987884").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="5987884"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">29</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory">Social Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="209" type="text/json">{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education">Sociology of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="974" type="text/json">{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1230" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Research_Methods_and_Methodology">Social Research Methods and Methodology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1230" type="text/json">{"id":1230,"name":"Social Research Methods and Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Research_Methods_and_Methodology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5987884]'), work: {"id":5987884,"title":"Methods for Researching the Social Production of Labour Power in Capitalism","created_at":"2014-02-07T08:28:04.727-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5987884/Methods_for_Researching_the_Social_Production_of_Labour_Power_in_Capitalism?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_5987884","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":32942065,"asset_id":5987884,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4402462,"first_name":"Glenn","last_name":"Rikowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GlennRikowski","display_name":"Glenn Rikowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GlennRikowski?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4402462/1786653/11877674/s65_glenn.rikowski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1230,"name":"Social Research Methods and Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Research_Methods_and_Methodology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2065,"name":"Research Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Methodology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2923,"name":"Methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Methodology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3023,"name":"Training and Development","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Training_and_Development?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3099,"name":"Labour Process","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_Process?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3429,"name":"Educational Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Research?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":13545,"name":"Teacher Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Teacher_Training?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15264,"name":"Work and Labour","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Work_and_Labour?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17369,"name":"Vocational Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocational_Education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":27338,"name":"Educational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":27771,"name":"Educational Design Research","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Design_Research?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":50564,"name":"Vocational Training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocational_Training?f_ri=621905"},{"id":59928,"name":"Vocational education and training","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vocational_education_and_training?f_ri=621905"},{"id":69180,"name":"Social reproduction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_reproduction?f_ri=621905"},{"id":161404,"name":"Labour Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_Power?f_ri=621905"},{"id":203469,"name":"Marxism and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism_and_Education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1036969,"name":"Labor Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labor_Power?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1277323,"name":"Marxist Educational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Educational_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1381266,"name":"Labour-power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour-power?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1755897,"name":"Social Reproduction Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Reproduction_Theory?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_839917" data-work_id="839917" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/839917/Red_chalk_on_schooling_capitalism_and_politics">Red chalk: on schooling, capitalism and politics.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/839917" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="040e11ca0a152d3f6134d0e6c62600cf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":25150639,"asset_id":839917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/25150639/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="672815" href="https://independent.academia.edu/davehill41">dave hill</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="672815" type="text/json">{"id":672815,"first_name":"dave","last_name":"hill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"davehill41","display_name":"dave hill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/davehill41?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/672815/954562/1425929/s65_dave.hill.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_839917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="839917"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 839917, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_839917", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_839917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 839917; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_839917"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_839917 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="839917"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 839917; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=839917]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_839917").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_839917").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="839917"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory">Social Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="209" type="text/json">{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="798" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies">Policy Analysis/Policy Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="798" type="text/json">{"id":798,"name":"Policy Analysis/Policy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="974" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education">Sociology of Education</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="974" type="text/json">{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=839917]'), work: {"id":839917,"title":"Red chalk: on schooling, capitalism and politics.","created_at":"2011-08-17T18:43:49.765-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/839917/Red_chalk_on_schooling_capitalism_and_politics?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_839917","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":25150639,"asset_id":839917,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":672815,"first_name":"dave","last_name":"hill","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"davehill41","display_name":"dave hill","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/davehill41?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/672815/954562/1425929/s65_dave.hill.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":798,"name":"Policy Analysis/Policy Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Policy_Analysis_Policy_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":974,"name":"Sociology of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology_of_Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9230,"name":"Hope","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hope?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9822,"name":"Education Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_Policy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10444,"name":"Postmodernism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postmodernism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":13868,"name":"Education and Labor Markets","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education_and_Labor_Markets?f_ri=621905"},{"id":14190,"name":"Nihilism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nihilism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":21219,"name":"Socialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":44949,"name":"Marketisation of education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketisation_of_education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":235006,"name":"Radical Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":429980,"name":"Marketisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marketisation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1196959,"name":"Globalisation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Globalisation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1723635,"name":"Public Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Policy?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_76973150" data-work_id="76973150" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/76973150/Revolutionary_Critical_Pedagogy_Staking_a_Claim_Against_the_Macrostructural_Unconscious">Revolutionary Critical Pedagogy: Staking a Claim Against the Macrostructural Unconscious</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Critical pedagogy currently exists today as precariously as a shabby lean-to room added to a typical American hall-and-parlor house. I’m referring to the type of house that formed the basic English prototype for the classic American... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_76973150" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Critical pedagogy currently exists today as precariously as a shabby lean-to room added to a typical American hall-and-parlor house. I’m referring to the type of house that formed the basic English prototype for the classic American building we see everywhere in New England and on the East Coast. If the hall-and-parlor house represents education in the main, then we critical educators are as rare as hen’s teeth, shunted to the rear of the house, squatters huddled under a slanted roof, wearing fingerless gloves, clutching our tin cups of broth and spearing biscuits and dreaming of the day when we will become an official part of the architecture of democracy.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/76973150" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6d6e55d15491d45960140d3cbca4cfc0" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":84480699,"asset_id":76973150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/84480699/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45607233" href="https://chapman.academia.edu/PMcLaren">Peter McLaren</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45607233" type="text/json">{"id":45607233,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"McLaren","domain_name":"chapman","page_name":"PMcLaren","display_name":"Peter McLaren","profile_url":"https://chapman.academia.edu/PMcLaren?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45607233/12093845/13471715/s65_peter.mclaren.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_76973150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="76973150"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 76973150, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_76973150", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_76973150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76973150; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_76973150"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_76973150 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="76973150"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 76973150; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=76973150]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_76973150").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_76973150").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="76973150"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy">Critical Pedagogy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3392" type="text/json">{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5049" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Psychology">Critical Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5049" type="text/json">{"id":5049,"name":"Critical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Psychology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=76973150]'), work: {"id":76973150,"title":"Revolutionary Critical Pedagogy: Staking a Claim Against the Macrostructural Unconscious","created_at":"2022-04-19T09:29:32.517-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/76973150/Revolutionary_Critical_Pedagogy_Staking_a_Claim_Against_the_Macrostructural_Unconscious?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_76973150","summary":"Critical pedagogy currently exists today as precariously as a shabby lean-to room added to a typical American hall-and-parlor house. I’m referring to the type of house that formed the basic English prototype for the classic American building we see everywhere in New England and on the East Coast. If the hall-and-parlor house represents education in the main, then we critical educators are as rare as hen’s teeth, shunted to the rear of the house, squatters huddled under a slanted roof, wearing fingerless gloves, clutching our tin cups of broth and spearing biscuits and dreaming of the day when we will become an official part of the architecture of democracy.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":84480699,"asset_id":76973150,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45607233,"first_name":"Peter","last_name":"McLaren","domain_name":"chapman","page_name":"PMcLaren","display_name":"Peter McLaren","profile_url":"https://chapman.academia.edu/PMcLaren?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45607233/12093845/13471715/s65_peter.mclaren.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":5049,"name":"Critical Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Psychology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":102718,"name":"Critical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8124760" data-work_id="8124760" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8124760/Are_Human_Rights_Universal">Are Human Rights Universal</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8124760" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="e2f4dd83212972a243d917af6dd9d0ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48207809,"asset_id":8124760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48207809/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="15790724" href="https://utsnyc.academia.edu/LarryCox">Larry Cox</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="15790724" type="text/json">{"id":15790724,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Cox","domain_name":"utsnyc","page_name":"LarryCox","display_name":"Larry Cox","profile_url":"https://utsnyc.academia.edu/LarryCox?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8124760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8124760"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8124760, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8124760", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8124760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8124760; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8124760"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8124760 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8124760"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8124760; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8124760]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8124760").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8124760").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8124760"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics">Ethics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="814" type="text/json">{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2169" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law">Human Rights Law</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2169" type="text/json">{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8124760]'), work: {"id":8124760,"title":"Are Human Rights Universal","created_at":"2014-08-29T02:31:33.958-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8124760/Are_Human_Rights_Universal?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_8124760","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48207809,"asset_id":8124760,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":15790724,"first_name":"Larry","last_name":"Cox","domain_name":"utsnyc","page_name":"LarryCox","display_name":"Larry Cox","profile_url":"https://utsnyc.academia.edu/LarryCox?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":814,"name":"Ethics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2169,"name":"Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5321,"name":"International Human Rights Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/International_Human_Rights_Law?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15184,"name":"European Convention of Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Convention_of_Human_Rights?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18373,"name":"Moral Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":19434,"name":"History of Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Human_Rights?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33552,"name":"Natural Law Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_Law_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":53838,"name":"Human Rights and Natural Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_and_Natural_Law?f_ri=621905"},{"id":65835,"name":"Human right","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_right?f_ri=621905"},{"id":79323,"name":"Foreign Affairs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foreign_Affairs?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":993926,"name":"Human Rights and Social Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights_and_Social_Justice-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1821487,"name":"Personal autonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Personal_autonomy?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3250870" data-work_id="3250870" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3250870/Marxism">Marxism</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">Marxism</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3250870" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fd4acc792f58cc8569df42101af65e6f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31105269,"asset_id":3250870,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31105269/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3339066" href="https://iauctb.academia.edu/ShalizehHajian">Shalizeh Hajian</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3339066" type="text/json">{"id":3339066,"first_name":"Shalizeh","last_name":"Hajian","domain_name":"iauctb","page_name":"ShalizehHajian","display_name":"Shalizeh Hajian","profile_url":"https://iauctb.academia.edu/ShalizehHajian?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3339066/1118327/2995329/s65_shalizeh.hajian.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3250870 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3250870"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3250870, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3250870", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_3250870 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3250870; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_3250870"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_3250870 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="3250870"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 3250870; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3250870]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3250870").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3250870").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3250870"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">26</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3876" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hobbes">Hobbes</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3876" type="text/json">{"id":3876,"name":"Hobbes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hobbes?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4652" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution">French Revolution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4652" type="text/json">{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11902" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locke">Locke</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11902" type="text/json">{"id":11902,"name":"Locke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locke?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11961" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marx">Marx</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11961" type="text/json">{"id":11961,"name":"Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marx?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3250870]'), work: {"id":3250870,"title":"Marxism","created_at":"2013-04-09T06:26:27.352-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3250870/Marxism?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_3250870","summary":"Marxism","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31105269,"asset_id":3250870,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3339066,"first_name":"Shalizeh","last_name":"Hajian","domain_name":"iauctb","page_name":"ShalizehHajian","display_name":"Shalizeh Hajian","profile_url":"https://iauctb.academia.edu/ShalizehHajian?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3339066/1118327/2995329/s65_shalizeh.hajian.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3876,"name":"Hobbes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hobbes?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":11902,"name":"Locke","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Locke?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":11961,"name":"Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marx?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":14774,"name":"Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Althusser?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15085,"name":"Marxist Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Legal_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15100,"name":"Rousseau","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rousseau?f_ri=621905"},{"id":22943,"name":"Marxism (Political Science)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism_Political_Science_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":24086,"name":"Carl Schmitt","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carl_Schmitt?f_ri=621905"},{"id":31491,"name":"Jean Baudrillard","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jean_Baudrillard?f_ri=621905"},{"id":35504,"name":"Unconscious cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Unconscious_cognition?f_ri=621905"},{"id":48203,"name":"Marxist Historiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Historiography?f_ri=621905"},{"id":85702,"name":"Ideological State Apparatuses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideological_State_Apparatuses?f_ri=621905"},{"id":93827,"name":"Revolução Francesa","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolucao_Francesa?f_ri=621905"},{"id":120347,"name":"Poder","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Poder?f_ri=621905"},{"id":165669,"name":"Dominação","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominacao?f_ri=621905"},{"id":165675,"name":"Iluminismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iluminismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":165678,"name":"Contratualismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contratualismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":299670,"name":"Interpellation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interpellation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":355354,"name":"Clubbing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clubbing?f_ri=621905"},{"id":356450,"name":"Theory of Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Theory_of_Hegemony?f_ri=621905"},{"id":530227,"name":"Século XVIII","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Seculo_XVIII?f_ri=621905"},{"id":607091,"name":"Nightclub","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nightclub?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":770865,"name":"Louise Althusser","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Louise_Althusser?f_ri=621905"},{"id":837987,"name":"Século XIX","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/S%C3%A9culo_XIX-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2907106" data-work_id="2907106" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2907106/Critical_theories_of_the_state_Marxist_Neo_Marxist_Post_Marxist">Critical theories of the state: Marxist, Neo-Marxist, Post-Marxist</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2907106" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="753a02a33b31479dc7a2221485de19bf" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50540731,"asset_id":2907106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50540731/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3420263" href="https://thammasat.academia.edu/WareeyaErik">Wareeya Erik</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3420263" type="text/json">{"id":3420263,"first_name":"Wareeya","last_name":"Erik","domain_name":"thammasat","page_name":"WareeyaErik","display_name":"Wareeya Erik","profile_url":"https://thammasat.academia.edu/WareeyaErik?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3420263/1161367/1454423/s65_wareeya.erik.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2907106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2907106"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2907106, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2907106", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_2907106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2907106; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_2907106"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_2907106 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="2907106"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 2907106; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=2907106]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_2907106").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_2907106").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="2907106"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="201" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology">Political Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="201" type="text/json">{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=2907106]'), work: {"id":2907106,"title":"Critical theories of the state: Marxist, Neo-Marxist, Post-Marxist","created_at":"2013-03-04T21:52:04.052-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/2907106/Critical_theories_of_the_state_Marxist_Neo_Marxist_Post_Marxist?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_2907106","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50540731,"asset_id":2907106,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3420263,"first_name":"Wareeya","last_name":"Erik","domain_name":"thammasat","page_name":"WareeyaErik","display_name":"Wareeya Erik","profile_url":"https://thammasat.academia.edu/WareeyaErik?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3420263/1161367/1454423/s65_wareeya.erik.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":201,"name":"Political Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":43261,"name":"Post Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_49018402" data-work_id="49018402" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49018402/A_General_Refutation_of_Okishio_s_Theorem_and_a_Proof_of_the_Falling_Rate_of_Profit">A General Refutation of Okishio’s Theorem and a Proof of the Falling Rate of Profit</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This is the first published general refutation of the Okishio theorem. An earlier refutation based on a specific example was published by Kliman and McGlone in 1988. Okishio's theorem, published in 1961, asserts that if real wages stay... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_49018402" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This is the first published general refutation of the Okishio theorem. An earlier refutation based on a specific example was published by Kliman and McGlone in 1988. Okishio's theorem, published in 1961, asserts that if real wages stay constant, the rate of profit necessarily rises in consequence of any cost-reducing technical change. It proves this within a simultaneous equation (general equlibrium) framework. This paper establishes that this proposition is false within a differential equation (temporal) approach. In such a framework the denominator of the rate of profit rises continuously, regardless of whether or not there is technical change, unless capitalist consumption exceeds profit, as occurs in a slump. Okishio himself asserts that his theorem is 'contrary to Marx's Gesetz des Tendentiellen Falls der Profitrate'-contrary to Marx's law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. This assertion is, within the literature, universally taken to be the substantive content of the 'Okishio Theorem'. Thus, if Marx's approach to value is in fact temporal, and not simultaneist, this assertion by Okishio is false, since it applies not to Marx's own theory, but to the interpretation of that theory subsequently attributed to Marx by a specific school of thought represented principally by Bortkiewicz, Sweezy, Morishima, Seton, and Steedman. The subsequent accumulation of hermeneutic evidence strongly supports the thesis that Marx's theory is temporalist and not simultaneist. Since the Okishio theorem makes the general assertion that the rate of profit must necessarily rise if there are cost-saving technical changes, and since Kliman and McGlone demonstrate a particular case in which cost-saving technical change leads to a fall in the profit rate, the Kliman-McGlone paper is the first published refutation of the Okishio theorem. The present paper is a generalisation of this refutation which establishes the precise conditions under which the profit rate rise or falls, and establishes the general result that the profit rate necessarily falls as a consequence of capitalist accumulation with a constant real wage, until and unless accumulation ceases in value terms. Consequently the mathematical findings set out in this paper, refute the Okishio Theorem.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/49018402" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b6e8312fa795795b61f5f6e63d4ffcfa" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67404859,"asset_id":49018402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67404859/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17205" href="https://geopoliticaleconomy.academia.edu/AlanFreeman">Alan Freeman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17205" type="text/json">{"id":17205,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Freeman","domain_name":"geopoliticaleconomy","page_name":"AlanFreeman","display_name":"Alan Freeman","profile_url":"https://geopoliticaleconomy.academia.edu/AlanFreeman?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17205/5765/2516138/s65_alan.freeman.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_49018402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="49018402"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 49018402, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_49018402", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_49018402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49018402; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_49018402"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_49018402 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="49018402"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 49018402; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=49018402]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_49018402").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_49018402").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="49018402"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">16</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="724" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics">Economics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="724" type="text/json">{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1734" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics">Marxist Economics</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1734" type="text/json">{"id":1734,"name":"Marxist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=49018402]'), work: {"id":49018402,"title":"A General Refutation of Okishio’s Theorem and a Proof of the Falling Rate of Profit","created_at":"2021-05-23T02:33:12.326-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/49018402/A_General_Refutation_of_Okishio_s_Theorem_and_a_Proof_of_the_Falling_Rate_of_Profit?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_49018402","summary":"This is the first published general refutation of the Okishio theorem. An earlier refutation based on a specific example was published by Kliman and McGlone in 1988. Okishio's theorem, published in 1961, asserts that if real wages stay constant, the rate of profit necessarily rises in consequence of any cost-reducing technical change. It proves this within a simultaneous equation (general equlibrium) framework. This paper establishes that this proposition is false within a differential equation (temporal) approach. In such a framework the denominator of the rate of profit rises continuously, regardless of whether or not there is technical change, unless capitalist consumption exceeds profit, as occurs in a slump. Okishio himself asserts that his theorem is 'contrary to Marx's Gesetz des Tendentiellen Falls der Profitrate'-contrary to Marx's law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall. This assertion is, within the literature, universally taken to be the substantive content of the 'Okishio Theorem'. Thus, if Marx's approach to value is in fact temporal, and not simultaneist, this assertion by Okishio is false, since it applies not to Marx's own theory, but to the interpretation of that theory subsequently attributed to Marx by a specific school of thought represented principally by Bortkiewicz, Sweezy, Morishima, Seton, and Steedman. The subsequent accumulation of hermeneutic evidence strongly supports the thesis that Marx's theory is temporalist and not simultaneist. Since the Okishio theorem makes the general assertion that the rate of profit must necessarily rise if there are cost-saving technical changes, and since Kliman and McGlone demonstrate a particular case in which cost-saving technical change leads to a fall in the profit rate, the Kliman-McGlone paper is the first published refutation of the Okishio theorem. The present paper is a generalisation of this refutation which establishes the precise conditions under which the profit rate rise or falls, and establishes the general result that the profit rate necessarily falls as a consequence of capitalist accumulation with a constant real wage, until and unless accumulation ceases in value terms. Consequently the mathematical findings set out in this paper, refute the Okishio Theorem.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67404859,"asset_id":49018402,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17205,"first_name":"Alan","last_name":"Freeman","domain_name":"geopoliticaleconomy","page_name":"AlanFreeman","display_name":"Alan Freeman","profile_url":"https://geopoliticaleconomy.academia.edu/AlanFreeman?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17205/5765/2516138/s65_alan.freeman.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":724,"name":"Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1734,"name":"Marxist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":50679,"name":"Financial Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":83222,"name":"Economic Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":121035,"name":"Profitability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Profitability?f_ri=621905"},{"id":210052,"name":"Marxist","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist?f_ri=621905"},{"id":251610,"name":"Sraffian economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sraffian_economics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621906,"name":"Marxist Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":632079,"name":"Marxist EconomiCs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_EconomiCs-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":765146,"name":"Differential equation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Differential_equation?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1963533,"name":"Temporal Single System Interpretation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temporal_Single_System_Interpretation?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15069175" data-work_id="15069175" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15069175/Historical_Materialism_22_1_2014_3_33_Failed_Abstraction_The_Problem_of_Uno_K%C5%8Dz%C5%8D_s_Reading_of_Marx_s_Theory_of_the_Value_Form">Historical Materialism 22.1 (2014) 3-33: Failed Abstraction – The Problem of Uno Kōzō’s Reading of Marx’s Theory of the Value Form</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Uno Kōzō (1897-1977) was Japan&amp;#39;s foremost Marxian economist. His critique of Marx&amp;#39;s method in Capital, especially regarding the &amp;#39;premature&amp;#39; introduction of value-form analysis in vol. 1, has motivated him... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15069175" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Uno Kōzō (1897-1977) was Japan&amp;#39;s foremost Marxian economist. His critique of Marx&amp;#39;s method in Capital, especially regarding the &amp;#39;premature&amp;#39; introduction of value-form analysis in vol. 1, has motivated him to rewrite all three volumes of Capital in his book Principles of Political Economy (1950-52). Notwithstanding Uno&amp;#39;s increasing popularity in international Marx research, I will present a critical paper that looks at a fundamental misunderstanding in Uno&amp;#39;s reading of the value form. In what is one of the most significant discussions of the value form in post-war Japan, Uno argues that &amp;#39;value&amp;#39; and money as its &amp;#39;bearer&amp;#39; cannot be understood in abstraction from personal interaction and human wants in commodity exchange. By drawing on the Japanese documents and supporting the view of Uno&amp;#39;s rival Kuruma Samezō (1893-1982), I want to show that it can, and how Marx understood the &amp;#39;law of value&amp;#39; as a non-personal law of social domination.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15069175" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="65fd8c8ab4d1b93e5c2169f6a2cc9994" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44472021,"asset_id":15069175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44472021/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34099540" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/ElenaLange">Elena Louisa Lange</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34099540" type="text/json">{"id":34099540,"first_name":"Elena Louisa","last_name":"Lange","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"ElenaLange","display_name":"Elena Louisa Lange","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/ElenaLange?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34099540/10934334/21156534/s65_elena_louisa.lange.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15069175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15069175"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15069175, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15069175", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15069175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15069175; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15069175"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15069175 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15069175"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15069175; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15069175]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15069175").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15069175").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15069175"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">6</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10428" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory">Value Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10428" type="text/json">{"id":10428,"name":"Value Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11966" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Political_Economy">Critique of Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11966" type="text/json">{"id":11966,"name":"Critique of Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18303" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Materialism">Historical Materialism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="18303" type="text/json">{"id":18303,"name":"Historical Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Materialism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15069175]'), work: {"id":15069175,"title":"Historical Materialism 22.1 (2014) 3-33: Failed Abstraction – The Problem of Uno Kōzō’s Reading of Marx’s Theory of the Value Form","created_at":"2015-08-21T01:21:00.739-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15069175/Historical_Materialism_22_1_2014_3_33_Failed_Abstraction_The_Problem_of_Uno_K%C5%8Dz%C5%8D_s_Reading_of_Marx_s_Theory_of_the_Value_Form?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_15069175","summary":"Uno Kōzō (1897-1977) was Japan\u0026amp;#39;s foremost Marxian economist. His critique of Marx\u0026amp;#39;s method in Capital, especially regarding the \u0026amp;#39;premature\u0026amp;#39; introduction of value-form analysis in vol. 1, has motivated him to rewrite all three volumes of Capital in his book Principles of Political Economy (1950-52). Notwithstanding Uno\u0026amp;#39;s increasing popularity in international Marx research, I will present a critical paper that looks at a fundamental misunderstanding in Uno\u0026amp;#39;s reading of the value form. In what is one of the most significant discussions of the value form in post-war Japan, Uno argues that \u0026amp;#39;value\u0026amp;#39; and money as its \u0026amp;#39;bearer\u0026amp;#39; cannot be understood in abstraction from personal interaction and human wants in commodity exchange. By drawing on the Japanese documents and supporting the view of Uno\u0026amp;#39;s rival Kuruma Samezō (1893-1982), I want to show that it can, and how Marx understood the \u0026amp;#39;law of value\u0026amp;#39; as a non-personal law of social domination.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44472021,"asset_id":15069175,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34099540,"first_name":"Elena Louisa","last_name":"Lange","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"ElenaLange","display_name":"Elena Louisa Lange","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/ElenaLange?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34099540/10934334/21156534/s65_elena_louisa.lange.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10428,"name":"Value Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Value_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":11966,"name":"Critique of Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":18303,"name":"Historical Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Materialism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":83222,"name":"Economic Crisis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Crisis?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81063819" data-work_id="81063819" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81063819/Communicative_Capitalism_and_Revolutionary_Form">Communicative Capitalism and Revolutionary Form</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay considers the political form that is presupposed in questions of resistance and revolution. It situates resistance and revolution in communicative capitalism, a setting characterised by intense winner-take-all inequality, the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81063819" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay considers the political form that is presupposed in questions of resistance and revolution. It situates resistance and revolution in communicative capitalism, a setting characterised by intense winner-take-all inequality, the decline of symbolic efficiency, and the shift from the use to the circulation value of communicative utterances. It draws out the way that this setting inflects the body the question of resistance and revolution presupposes. Is it the world, the individual, the network, or the party? I argue that the party is the form we need to assume when we ask about revolution because it is the party that has the capacity to strategise, to plan and to arrange itself with an eye to revolution. Capitalismo comunicativo y forma revolucionaria</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81063819" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="87e5b1b8db9ee815be2eca4c7d8f05ec" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87238011,"asset_id":81063819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87238011/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="324073" href="https://hws.academia.edu/JodiDean">Jodi Dean</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="324073" type="text/json">{"id":324073,"first_name":"Jodi","last_name":"Dean","domain_name":"hws","page_name":"JodiDean","display_name":"Jodi Dean","profile_url":"https://hws.academia.edu/JodiDean?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/324073/803265/999428/s65_jodi.dean.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81063819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81063819"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81063819, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81063819", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81063819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81063819; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81063819"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81063819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81063819"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81063819; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81063819]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81063819").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81063819").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81063819"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">10</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7454" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology">Information Communication Technology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7454" type="text/json">{"id":7454,"name":"Information Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8004" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_">Resistance (Social)</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8004" type="text/json">{"id":8004,"name":"Resistance (Social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="9705" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism">Capitalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="9705" type="text/json">{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81063819]'), work: {"id":81063819,"title":"Communicative Capitalism and Revolutionary Form","created_at":"2022-06-08T23:54:43.215-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81063819/Communicative_Capitalism_and_Revolutionary_Form?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_81063819","summary":"This essay considers the political form that is presupposed in questions of resistance and revolution. It situates resistance and revolution in communicative capitalism, a setting characterised by intense winner-take-all inequality, the decline of symbolic efficiency, and the shift from the use to the circulation value of communicative utterances. It draws out the way that this setting inflects the body the question of resistance and revolution presupposes. Is it the world, the individual, the network, or the party? I argue that the party is the form we need to assume when we ask about revolution because it is the party that has the capacity to strategise, to plan and to arrange itself with an eye to revolution. Capitalismo comunicativo y forma revolucionaria","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87238011,"asset_id":81063819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":324073,"first_name":"Jodi","last_name":"Dean","domain_name":"hws","page_name":"JodiDean","display_name":"Jodi Dean","profile_url":"https://hws.academia.edu/JodiDean?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/324073/803265/999428/s65_jodi.dean.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":7454,"name":"Information Communication Technology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Information_Communication_Technology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":8004,"name":"Resistance (Social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":9705,"name":"Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capitalism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16598,"name":"Social movements and revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_movements_and_revolution?f_ri=621905"},{"id":360210,"name":"Political Party","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Party?f_ri=621905"},{"id":380315,"name":"Public Administration and Policy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Public_Administration_and_Policy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2060282,"name":"Millennium","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Millennium?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_81887971" data-work_id="81887971" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/81887971/Maritime_Mode_of_Production_Raiding_and_Trading_in_Seafaring_Chiefdoms">Maritime Mode of Production: Raiding and Trading in Seafaring Chiefdoms</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Given the available space, I will focus on the Nordic Bronze Age (BA). Rich data, evolving methods, and conceptual rejuvenation of continental perspectives, politics, conflict and society, and an appreciation of the diversity and scale of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_81887971" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Given the available space, I will focus on the Nordic Bronze Age (BA). Rich data, evolving methods, and conceptual rejuvenation of continental perspectives, politics, conflict and society, and an appreciation of the diversity and scale of BA economy. Ling et al. aim to pull this body of knowledge together and comparatively interpret it. Factors like the Bell Beaker Culture's (BBC) expansion, maritime capacity, trade, slavery and warriors are essential analytical components, recasting the scale and structure of BA economy, networks and society. The complexity and scale of BA economy in northern Europe is often underestimated, and commonly described in terms of agro-pastoral subsistence. Long distance "exchange" is commonly described as the circulation of a limited number of prestige goods: metal and amber in the full-fledged BA, flint in the Late Neolithic (LN). This leaves a discrepancy in trade volumesa massive 2000 year trade deficit. Wilderness products like pelts and furs are commonly inferred to be goods entering networks from the north. There is extensive upland activity in the LN and BA, and evidence of species prized for their hides, furs and antlers are found at the production end. However, few traces have turned up at the market end. Ling et al. bring timber boats and slaves, and hides and cereal, into the equation, and expand the scale of BA economy in terms of goods and trade. There were conceivably a host of products traded in intricate local to continental networks, should BA economy be viewed as more diversified and complex?</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/81887971" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d8b33ba8604502763b186f8807850fdb" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":87774707,"asset_id":81887971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/87774707/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="185101" href="https://gu-se.academia.edu/KristianKristiansen">Kristian Kristiansen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="185101" type="text/json">{"id":185101,"first_name":"Kristian","last_name":"Kristiansen","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"KristianKristiansen","display_name":"Kristian Kristiansen","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/KristianKristiansen?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/185101/45447/2945617/s65_kristian.kristiansen.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_81887971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="81887971"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 81887971, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_81887971", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_81887971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81887971; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_81887971"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_81887971 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="81887971"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 81887971; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=81887971]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_81887971").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_81887971").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="81887971"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">19</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory">Social Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="209" type="text/json">{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology">Archaeology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="392" type="text/json">{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="399" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology">Prehistoric Archaeology</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="399" type="text/json">{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=81887971]'), work: {"id":81887971,"title":"Maritime Mode of Production: Raiding and Trading in Seafaring Chiefdoms","created_at":"2022-06-20T03:29:33.995-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/81887971/Maritime_Mode_of_Production_Raiding_and_Trading_in_Seafaring_Chiefdoms?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_81887971","summary":"Given the available space, I will focus on the Nordic Bronze Age (BA). Rich data, evolving methods, and conceptual rejuvenation of continental perspectives, politics, conflict and society, and an appreciation of the diversity and scale of BA economy. Ling et al. aim to pull this body of knowledge together and comparatively interpret it. Factors like the Bell Beaker Culture's (BBC) expansion, maritime capacity, trade, slavery and warriors are essential analytical components, recasting the scale and structure of BA economy, networks and society. The complexity and scale of BA economy in northern Europe is often underestimated, and commonly described in terms of agro-pastoral subsistence. Long distance \"exchange\" is commonly described as the circulation of a limited number of prestige goods: metal and amber in the full-fledged BA, flint in the Late Neolithic (LN). This leaves a discrepancy in trade volumesa massive 2000 year trade deficit. Wilderness products like pelts and furs are commonly inferred to be goods entering networks from the north. There is extensive upland activity in the LN and BA, and evidence of species prized for their hides, furs and antlers are found at the production end. However, few traces have turned up at the market end. Ling et al. bring timber boats and slaves, and hides and cereal, into the equation, and expand the scale of BA economy in terms of goods and trade. There were conceivably a host of products traded in intricate local to continental networks, should BA economy be viewed as more diversified and complex?","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":87774707,"asset_id":81887971,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":185101,"first_name":"Kristian","last_name":"Kristiansen","domain_name":"gu-se","page_name":"KristianKristiansen","display_name":"Kristian Kristiansen","profile_url":"https://gu-se.academia.edu/KristianKristiansen?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/185101/45447/2945617/s65_kristian.kristiansen.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":392,"name":"Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Archaeology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":399,"name":"Prehistoric Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":534,"name":"Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Law?f_ri=621905"},{"id":767,"name":"Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1734,"name":"Marxist Economics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Economics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11199,"name":"Neolithic Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neolithic_Archaeology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12523,"name":"Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age_Europe_Archaeology_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":14253,"name":"Viking Age Archaeology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Viking_Age_Archaeology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":504239,"name":"Chiefdom","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chiefdom?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":632079,"name":"Marxist EconomiCs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_EconomiCs-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":966529,"name":"University of Chicago Press","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/University_of_Chicago_Press?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1928546,"name":"Current anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Current_anthropology?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74401819" data-work_id="74401819" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/74401819/Towards_an_Existential_Archeology_of_Capitalist_Spirituality">Towards an Existential Archeology of Capitalist Spirituality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Throughout his career, Michel Foucault sustained a trenchant critique of Jean-Paul Sartre, whom he accused of arguing that the subject "dispenses (all) significations". In contrast to existentialism's interests in subjective... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74401819" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Throughout his career, Michel Foucault sustained a trenchant critique of Jean-Paul Sartre, whom he accused of arguing that the subject "dispenses (all) significations". In contrast to existentialism's interests in subjective consciousness, Foucault pursues an archaeological method which he later develops into a genealogical approach to discourse that emphasizes the institutional practices and forms of knowledge/power that undergird historical epistemes. Taking contemporary networked Capitalism, the discourse of "workplace spirituality", and the life history of one management reformer as its case studies, this paper turns to the cognitive linguistics of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in an effort to historicize experiences of neoliberal "spirituality", as an archaeology of knowledge might, while also attempting to account for intentionality and biography, as existential approaches would. Turning to work in contemporary critical theory, which associates strident anti-humanism in social theory with the rise of neoliberal discourse, I argue that sustained attention to the ways in which personal and social history always entail one another and are mutually arising makes not only for better phenomenology but makes for better critical scholarship as well.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74401819" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5af04bc274bccd43f35d9da0b535f0fd" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":82567818,"asset_id":74401819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/82567818/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1030244" href="https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/GeorgeGonzalez">George Gonzalez</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1030244" type="text/json">{"id":1030244,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Gonzalez","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"GeorgeGonzalez","display_name":"George Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/GeorgeGonzalez?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1030244/641904/30288847/s65_george.gonzalez.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74401819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74401819"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74401819, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74401819", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74401819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74401819; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74401819"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74401819 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74401819"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74401819; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74401819]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74401819").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74401819").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74401819"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1441" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Anthropology">Philosophical Anthropology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1441" type="text/json">{"id":1441,"name":"Philosophical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Anthropology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2059" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion">History of Religion</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2059" type="text/json">{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2170" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography">Ethnography</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2170" type="text/json">{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74401819]'), work: {"id":74401819,"title":"Towards an Existential Archeology of Capitalist Spirituality","created_at":"2022-03-23T11:40:51.595-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74401819/Towards_an_Existential_Archeology_of_Capitalist_Spirituality?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_74401819","summary":"Throughout his career, Michel Foucault sustained a trenchant critique of Jean-Paul Sartre, whom he accused of arguing that the subject \"dispenses (all) significations\". In contrast to existentialism's interests in subjective consciousness, Foucault pursues an archaeological method which he later develops into a genealogical approach to discourse that emphasizes the institutional practices and forms of knowledge/power that undergird historical epistemes. Taking contemporary networked Capitalism, the discourse of \"workplace spirituality\", and the life history of one management reformer as its case studies, this paper turns to the cognitive linguistics of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in an effort to historicize experiences of neoliberal \"spirituality\", as an archaeology of knowledge might, while also attempting to account for intentionality and biography, as existential approaches would. Turning to work in contemporary critical theory, which associates strident anti-humanism in social theory with the rise of neoliberal discourse, I argue that sustained attention to the ways in which personal and social history always entail one another and are mutually arising makes not only for better phenomenology but makes for better critical scholarship as well.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":82567818,"asset_id":74401819,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1030244,"first_name":"George","last_name":"Gonzalez","domain_name":"gc-cuny","page_name":"GeorgeGonzalez","display_name":"George Gonzalez","profile_url":"https://gc-cuny.academia.edu/GeorgeGonzalez?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1030244/641904/30288847/s65_george.gonzalez.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1441,"name":"Philosophical Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_Anthropology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2059,"name":"History of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Religion?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2170,"name":"Ethnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2718,"name":"Linguistic Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Linguistic_Anthropology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4181,"name":"Cybernetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cybernetics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6029,"name":"Critical Management Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Management_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7531,"name":"History of Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12420,"name":"Neoliberalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Neoliberalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":14578,"name":"Method and Theory in the Study of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Method_and_Theory_in_the_Study_of_Religion?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30096,"name":"Cultures of Capital and Capitalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultures_of_Capital_and_Capitalism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":46677,"name":"Implicit Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Implicit_Religion?f_ri=621905"},{"id":67525,"name":"Existentialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Existentialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":161486,"name":"Critical Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Religion?f_ri=621905"},{"id":310443,"name":"Ethnography Research methodology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnography_Research_methodology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":504503,"name":"Corporate Spirituality","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Corporate_Spirituality?f_ri=621905"},{"id":619396,"name":"Anthropology of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropology_of_Religion?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":991624,"name":"Critical Studies of Religion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Studies_of_Religion?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_6250108" data-work_id="6250108" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6250108/Marx_and_the_Education_of_the_Future">Marx and the Education of the Future</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">ABSTRACT With reference to Karl Marx’s writings on education, this article outlines the education of the future as anti-capitalist education. In starting out from a conception of communism as the ‘real movement which abolishes the present... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_6250108" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">ABSTRACT With reference to Karl Marx’s writings on education, this article outlines the education of the future as anti-capitalist education. In starting out from a conception of communism as the ‘real movement which abolishes the present state of things’ (Marx), it  is argued that the anti-capitalist education of the future consists of three moments: critique, addressing human needs and realms of freedom. It is also argued that all three moments are essential for an anti-capitalist education of the future, but the emphasis on particular moments changes (a movement from moment one to three) as capitalist society and education are left behind through social transformation. In the light of this framework, Marx’s views on the relation between labour and education, and his views on education run by the state, are critically examined. In the light of the preceding analysis, the article ends with a consideration of two trends that are gaining strength in contemporary education in England: the social production of labour-power and the business takeover of education. Political responses to these are briefly explored.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/6250108" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="2812c0bfdef37f14e2e5ea16ef06493c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33138837,"asset_id":6250108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33138837/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="4402462" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GlennRikowski">Glenn Rikowski</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="4402462" type="text/json">{"id":4402462,"first_name":"Glenn","last_name":"Rikowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GlennRikowski","display_name":"Glenn Rikowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GlennRikowski?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4402462/1786653/11877674/s65_glenn.rikowski.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_6250108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="6250108"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 6250108, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_6250108", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_6250108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6250108; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_6250108"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_6250108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="6250108"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 6250108; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=6250108]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_6250108").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_6250108").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="6250108"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2559" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education">Philosophy of Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="2559" type="text/json">{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3392" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy">Critical Pedagogy</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="3392" type="text/json">{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=6250108]'), work: {"id":6250108,"title":"Marx and the Education of the Future","created_at":"2014-03-01T06:42:41.732-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/6250108/Marx_and_the_Education_of_the_Future?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_6250108","summary":"ABSTRACT With reference to Karl Marx’s writings on education, this article outlines the education of the future as anti-capitalist education. In starting out from a conception of communism as the ‘real movement which abolishes the present state of things’ (Marx), it is argued that the anti-capitalist education of the future consists of three moments: critique, addressing human needs and realms of freedom. It is also argued that all three moments are essential for an anti-capitalist education of the future, but the emphasis on particular moments changes (a movement from moment one to three) as capitalist society and education are left behind through social transformation. In the light of this framework, Marx’s views on the relation between labour and education, and his views on education run by the state, are critically examined. In the light of the preceding analysis, the article ends with a consideration of two trends that are gaining strength in contemporary education in England: the social production of labour-power and the business takeover of education. Political responses to these are briefly explored. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33138837,"asset_id":6250108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":4402462,"first_name":"Glenn","last_name":"Rikowski","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GlennRikowski","display_name":"Glenn Rikowski","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GlennRikowski?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/4402462/1786653/11877674/s65_glenn.rikowski.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2559,"name":"Philosophy of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":3392,"name":"Critical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Pedagogy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8843,"name":"Philosophy of Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":16345,"name":"Politics Of Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics_Of_Education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":27338,"name":"Educational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Educational_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30086,"name":"Critical sociology and politics of education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_sociology_and_politics_of_education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":30088,"name":"Radical Educational Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Educational_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":102718,"name":"Critical Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":161404,"name":"Labour Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Labour_Power?f_ri=621905"},{"id":203469,"name":"Marxism and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism_and_Education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":297603,"name":"Radical Pedagogy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Pedagogy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":357114,"name":"Marx and education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marx_and_education?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1277323,"name":"Marxist Educational Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Educational_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1313569,"name":"Karl Marx and Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx_and_Education?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79652807" data-work_id="79652807" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79652807/Manufacturing_Consent_A_Concern_That_Lasted_40_Years_Interview_with_Michael_Burawoy">Manufacturing Consent: A Concern That Lasted 40 Years. Interview with Michael Burawoy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Michael Burawoy&#39;s Manufacturing Consent is a must-have book for all those, who, like me, study the so-called &quot;Labour World,&quot; particularly what happens within factories. However, Michael Burawoy is much more than the author... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79652807" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Michael Burawoy&#39;s Manufacturing Consent is a must-have book for all those, who, like me, study the so-called &quot;Labour World,&quot; particularly what happens within factories. However, Michael Burawoy is much more than the author of that enlightening book. Born in Manchester in a Jewish family of Russian origin, he has been trying to understand how consent is organized among the dominated for the last 40 years. That was the issue he dealt with in Zambia in 1968, during the post-colonial process, when he got a job in the copper industry and discovered the articulations between the factory regime and racial segregation. From that experience emerged The Color of Class on the Copper Mines: From African Advancement to Zambianization (1972). In 1974, it prevailed again as a concern when, already having become a sociologist, he was employed as a metalworker worker on the outskirts of Chicago and conducted the ethnography that is the basis of Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Lab...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79652807" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="5a6861262bf041081fb59ec976430549" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86294418,"asset_id":79652807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86294418/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3164097" href="https://uba.academia.edu/DoctoraenCienciasSocialesdelaUniversidaddeBuenosAiresInvestigadoradelCONICET">paula varela</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3164097" type="text/json">{"id":3164097,"first_name":"paula","last_name":"varela","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"DoctoraenCienciasSocialesdelaUniversidaddeBuenosAiresInvestigadoradelCONICET","display_name":"paula varela","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/DoctoraenCienciasSocialesdelaUniversidaddeBuenosAiresInvestigadoradelCONICET?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3164097/10028452/11186037/s65_paula.varela.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79652807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79652807"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79652807, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79652807", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79652807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79652807; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79652807"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79652807 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79652807"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79652807; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79652807]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79652807").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79652807").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79652807"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1237" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences">Social Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1237" type="text/json">{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2824" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Classes">Working Classes</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2824" type="text/json">{"id":2824,"name":"Working Classes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Classes?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79652807]'), work: {"id":79652807,"title":"Manufacturing Consent: A Concern That Lasted 40 Years. Interview with Michael Burawoy","created_at":"2022-05-22T07:16:17.339-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79652807/Manufacturing_Consent_A_Concern_That_Lasted_40_Years_Interview_with_Michael_Burawoy?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_79652807","summary":"Michael Burawoy\u0026#39;s Manufacturing Consent is a must-have book for all those, who, like me, study the so-called \u0026quot;Labour World,\u0026quot; particularly what happens within factories. However, Michael Burawoy is much more than the author of that enlightening book. Born in Manchester in a Jewish family of Russian origin, he has been trying to understand how consent is organized among the dominated for the last 40 years. That was the issue he dealt with in Zambia in 1968, during the post-colonial process, when he got a job in the copper industry and discovered the articulations between the factory regime and racial segregation. From that experience emerged The Color of Class on the Copper Mines: From African Advancement to Zambianization (1972). In 1974, it prevailed again as a concern when, already having become a sociologist, he was employed as a metalworker worker on the outskirts of Chicago and conducted the ethnography that is the basis of Manufacturing Consent: Changes in the Lab...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86294418,"asset_id":79652807,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3164097,"first_name":"paula","last_name":"varela","domain_name":"uba","page_name":"DoctoraenCienciasSocialesdelaUniversidaddeBuenosAiresInvestigadoradelCONICET","display_name":"paula varela","profile_url":"https://uba.academia.edu/DoctoraenCienciasSocialesdelaUniversidaddeBuenosAiresInvestigadoradelCONICET?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3164097/10028452/11186037/s65_paula.varela.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2824,"name":"Working Classes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Classes?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":51053,"name":"Etnography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etnography?f_ri=621905"},{"id":60732,"name":"Movimientos sociales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movimientos_sociales?f_ri=621905"},{"id":73983,"name":"Etnografía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Etnograf%C3%ADa?f_ri=621905"},{"id":79038,"name":"Marxismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":88935,"name":"Sociología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=621905"},{"id":92517,"name":"Antropología","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropolog%C3%ADa?f_ri=621905"},{"id":92776,"name":"Ciencias Sociales","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ciencias_Sociales?f_ri=621905"},{"id":141878,"name":"Michael Burawoy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michael_Burawoy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":407483,"name":"Movimiento obrero","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Movimiento_obrero?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":951681,"name":"Trabajadores","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trabajadores?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1120207,"name":"Antropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antropology?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_68845073" data-work_id="68845073" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/68845073/Una_Cr%C3%ADtica_al_pensamiento_de_Foucault_desde_el_materialismo_hist%C3%B3rico">Una Crítica al pensamiento de Foucault desde el materialismo histórico</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">El trabajo consiste en un análisis del pensamiento foucaultiano en torno a la cuestióncriminal a partir de las obras “Microfísica del Poder” y “Vigilar y Castigar”, enparticular. Se señalará entonces el contexto histórico en el que se... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_68845073" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">El trabajo consiste en un análisis del pensamiento foucaultiano en torno a la cuestióncriminal a partir de las obras “Microfísica del Poder” y “Vigilar y Castigar”, enparticular. Se señalará entonces el contexto histórico en el que se desarrolla la obra deFoucault para luego desarrollar una crítica desde el materialismo histórico, en donde seseñalarán las dificultades que surgen de su anclaje posestructuralista, desprendido de unanálisis estructural de la sociedad de clases. El debate sobre el programa criminaladecuado surge del encuentro con los maoístas y la discusión en torno a la concepciónde la justicia, además de las reflexiones sobre la justicia en la China maoísta y laspotencialidades de la forma del tribunal para materializar una forma de justiciasuperadora en términos de justicia revolucionaria <br /> <br /> <br />Cómo citar este artículo: <br /> <br />Valeria Vegh Weis. Una crítica al pensamiento de Foucault desde el materialismohistórico. En revista Pensar. Epistemología y Ciencias Sociales, N° 6, EditorialAcceso Libre, Rosario, 2011</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/68845073" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6f1b67166d1b141cc2702657c79630e9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79174298,"asset_id":68845073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79174298/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6530492" href="https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/ValeriaVeghWeis">Valeria Vegh Weis</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6530492" type="text/json">{"id":6530492,"first_name":"Valeria","last_name":"Vegh Weis","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","page_name":"ValeriaVeghWeis","display_name":"Valeria Vegh Weis","profile_url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/ValeriaVeghWeis?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6530492/2935268/163642829/s65_valeria.vegh_weis.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_68845073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="68845073"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 68845073, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_68845073", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_68845073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68845073; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_68845073"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_68845073 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="68845073"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 68845073; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=68845073]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_68845073").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_68845073").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="68845073"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="209" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory">Social Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="209" type="text/json">{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="535" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1">Criminal Law</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="535" type="text/json">{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="537" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice">Criminal Justice</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="537" type="text/json">{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=68845073]'), work: {"id":68845073,"title":"Una Crítica al pensamiento de Foucault desde el materialismo histórico","created_at":"2022-01-20T08:12:49.370-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/68845073/Una_Cr%C3%ADtica_al_pensamiento_de_Foucault_desde_el_materialismo_hist%C3%B3rico?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_68845073","summary":"El trabajo consiste en un análisis del pensamiento foucaultiano en torno a la cuestióncriminal a partir de las obras “Microfísica del Poder” y “Vigilar y Castigar”, enparticular. Se señalará entonces el contexto histórico en el que se desarrolla la obra deFoucault para luego desarrollar una crítica desde el materialismo histórico, en donde seseñalarán las dificultades que surgen de su anclaje posestructuralista, desprendido de unanálisis estructural de la sociedad de clases. El debate sobre el programa criminaladecuado surge del encuentro con los maoístas y la discusión en torno a la concepciónde la justicia, además de las reflexiones sobre la justicia en la China maoísta y laspotencialidades de la forma del tribunal para materializar una forma de justiciasuperadora en términos de justicia revolucionaria \r\n\r\n\r\nCómo citar este artículo: \r\n\r\nValeria Vegh Weis. Una crítica al pensamiento de Foucault desde el materialismohistórico. En revista Pensar. Epistemología y Ciencias Sociales, N° 6, EditorialAcceso Libre, Rosario, 2011 \r\n","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79174298,"asset_id":68845073,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6530492,"first_name":"Valeria","last_name":"Vegh Weis","domain_name":"uni-konstanz","page_name":"ValeriaVeghWeis","display_name":"Valeria Vegh Weis","profile_url":"https://uni-konstanz.academia.edu/ValeriaVeghWeis?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/6530492/2935268/163642829/s65_valeria.vegh_weis.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":209,"name":"Social Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":535,"name":"Criminal Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Law-1?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":537,"name":"Criminal Justice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Criminal_Justice?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8843,"name":"Philosophy of Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11927,"name":"Michel Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Michel_Foucault?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18303,"name":"Historical Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historical_Materialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28427,"name":"Marxist political economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_political_economy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":43261,"name":"Post Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":79038,"name":"Marxismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":258502,"name":"Foucault Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foucault_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":437612,"name":"Foucault Archaeology Geneology Method","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foucault_Archaeology_Geneology_Method?f_ri=621905"},{"id":555684,"name":"Justicia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Justicia?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621906,"name":"Marxist Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1198960,"name":"Foucault","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Foucault?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_69579811" data-work_id="69579811" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/69579811/Waiting_for_Godot_A_Marxist_Study">Waiting for Godot: A Marxist Study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Abstract: This study tends to focus on the different facets and meanings of ‘’Waiting for Godot’ ’ by Samuel Beckett. The different occurrences of conflicting and contradictory meanings within the text of the play show existence of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_69579811" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Abstract: This study tends to focus on the different facets and meanings of ‘’Waiting for Godot’ ’ by Samuel Beckett. The different occurrences of conflicting and contradictory meanings within the text of the play show existence of the late modernist bourgeois ideology. Based on the theoretical concern of the discussions of Post-Structuralist Marxist theorists Louis Althusser and Pierre Macherey, the main concern of the discussion concentrates on the theory of decentred or disparate text, expounded by Pierre Macherey in his book, “A Theory of Literary Production ” (1978). This paper asks how the significant gaps, silences, absences and non-saids in the text of “Waiting for Godot ” reflect the presence of the late modernist bourgeois ideology. This paper aims to reflect on the significance of ideology to articulate Post-Structuralist Marxist theory of decentred or disparate text. To make vocal the non-saids of Samuel Beckett’s text, the theory and methodology, I seek in this research...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/69579811" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="44cdf0a581e30733d54447888bd64b4a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":79621654,"asset_id":69579811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/79621654/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33111856" href="https://xix.academia.edu/javedakhtar">Javed Akhter</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33111856" type="text/json">{"id":33111856,"first_name":"Javed","last_name":"Akhter","domain_name":"xix","page_name":"javedakhtar","display_name":"Javed Akhter","profile_url":"https://xix.academia.edu/javedakhtar?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33111856/9825937/10953872/s65_javed.akhtar.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_69579811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="69579811"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 69579811, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_69579811", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_69579811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69579811; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_69579811"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_69579811 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="69579811"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 69579811; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=69579811]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_69579811").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_69579811").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="69579811"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="184" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology">Sociology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="184" type="text/json">{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="885" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature">English Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="885" type="text/json">{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics">Languages and Linguistics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1200" type="text/json">{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="2418" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature">Literature</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="2418" type="text/json">{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=69579811]'), work: {"id":69579811,"title":"Waiting for Godot: A Marxist Study","created_at":"2022-01-27T00:02:15.243-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/69579811/Waiting_for_Godot_A_Marxist_Study?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_69579811","summary":"Abstract: This study tends to focus on the different facets and meanings of ‘’Waiting for Godot’ ’ by Samuel Beckett. The different occurrences of conflicting and contradictory meanings within the text of the play show existence of the late modernist bourgeois ideology. Based on the theoretical concern of the discussions of Post-Structuralist Marxist theorists Louis Althusser and Pierre Macherey, the main concern of the discussion concentrates on the theory of decentred or disparate text, expounded by Pierre Macherey in his book, “A Theory of Literary Production ” (1978). This paper asks how the significant gaps, silences, absences and non-saids in the text of “Waiting for Godot ” reflect the presence of the late modernist bourgeois ideology. This paper aims to reflect on the significance of ideology to articulate Post-Structuralist Marxist theory of decentred or disparate text. To make vocal the non-saids of Samuel Beckett’s text, the theory and methodology, I seek in this research...","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":79621654,"asset_id":69579811,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33111856,"first_name":"Javed","last_name":"Akhter","domain_name":"xix","page_name":"javedakhtar","display_name":"Javed Akhter","profile_url":"https://xix.academia.edu/javedakhtar?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33111856/9825937/10953872/s65_javed.akhtar.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":184,"name":"Sociology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sociology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":885,"name":"English Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1200,"name":"Languages and Linguistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Languages_and_Linguistics?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2418,"name":"Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":292542,"name":"Marxist Literary Criticism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Literary_Criticism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":314961,"name":"English Literature and Arts","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/English_Literature_and_Arts?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_78550961" data-work_id="78550961" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/78550961/_The_History_of_all_Hitherto_Existing_Society_Class_Struggle_and_the_Current_Wave_of_Resistance">“The History of all Hitherto Existing Society:” Class Struggle and the Current Wave of Resistance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Across the last decade we have witnessed a growing wave of resistance across the globe. In this article we argue that it is critical to utilise class analysis to understand contemporary social movements. We maintain that class analysis... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_78550961" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Across the last decade we have witnessed a growing wave of resistance across the globe. In this article we argue that it is critical to utilise class analysis to understand contemporary social movements. We maintain that class analysis begins with understanding class as a series of relations and/or processes that condition both the objective and subjective dimensions of class. Following this, we illustrate how sectors of the contemporary working class are in struggle, yet struggle differently, based on their structural location as well as differing nature of their resistance. In taking this approach to class and social movements, we argue that scholars can begin to unmask the central role of capitalism and the attending regimes of accumulation in the current wave of resistance even when they appear disconnected.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/78550961" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9ac4eacaf4443562879ff5203592c32f" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":85560279,"asset_id":78550961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/85560279/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="77145" href="https://rutgers.academia.edu/ToddWolfson">Todd Wolfson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="77145" type="text/json">{"id":77145,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Wolfson","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"ToddWolfson","display_name":"Todd Wolfson","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/ToddWolfson?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77145/84672/11886682/s65_todd.wolfson.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_78550961 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="78550961"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 78550961, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_78550961", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_78550961 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78550961; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_78550961"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_78550961 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="78550961"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 78550961; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=78550961]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_78550961").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_78550961").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="78550961"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="188" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies">Cultural Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="188" type="text/json">{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="208" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements">Social Movements</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="208" type="text/json">{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="934" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies">Media and Cultural Studies</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="934" type="text/json">{"id":934,"name":"Media and Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=78550961]'), work: {"id":78550961,"title":"“The History of all Hitherto Existing Society:” Class Struggle and the Current Wave of Resistance","created_at":"2022-05-05T15:51:43.060-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/78550961/_The_History_of_all_Hitherto_Existing_Society_Class_Struggle_and_the_Current_Wave_of_Resistance?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_78550961","summary":"Across the last decade we have witnessed a growing wave of resistance across the globe. In this article we argue that it is critical to utilise class analysis to understand contemporary social movements. We maintain that class analysis begins with understanding class as a series of relations and/or processes that condition both the objective and subjective dimensions of class. Following this, we illustrate how sectors of the contemporary working class are in struggle, yet struggle differently, based on their structural location as well as differing nature of their resistance. In taking this approach to class and social movements, we argue that scholars can begin to unmask the central role of capitalism and the attending regimes of accumulation in the current wave of resistance even when they appear disconnected.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":85560279,"asset_id":78550961,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":77145,"first_name":"Todd","last_name":"Wolfson","domain_name":"rutgers","page_name":"ToddWolfson","display_name":"Todd Wolfson","profile_url":"https://rutgers.academia.edu/ToddWolfson?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/77145/84672/11886682/s65_todd.wolfson.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":188,"name":"Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":208,"name":"Social Movements","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Movements?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":934,"name":"Media and Cultural Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_and_Cultural_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1237,"name":"Social Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Sciences?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5273,"name":"Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5604,"name":"Collective Action","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collective_Action?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5709,"name":"Politics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Politics?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8004,"name":"Resistance (Social)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Resistance_Social_?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9246,"name":"Social Media","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Media?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":246174,"name":"Occupy Wall Street","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupy_Wall_Street?f_ri=621905"},{"id":303200,"name":"Occupy Movement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Occupy_Movement?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25785896 coauthored" data-work_id="25785896" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25785896/Social_class_culture_and_cognition">Social class, culture, and cognition</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There are competing accounts of the relationship among social class, culture, and cognition. An interactive hypothesis suggests the relationship between social class and cognitive tendencies varies inasmuch as societies differ in their... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25785896" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There are competing accounts of the relationship among social class, culture, and cognition. An interactive hypothesis suggests the relationship between social class and cognitive tendencies varies inasmuch as societies differ in their endorsement of those cognitive tendencies. An alternative additive hypothesis suggests that class-related environments promote differences in cognition. The authors addressed the validity of these accounts by simultaneously examining the effects of class among Americans (an independent society) and Russians (an interdependent society). Consistent with the additive hypothesis, lower social class was associated with more holistic cognition and more interdependent self-views in both countries. In Study 1, people from lower social class backgrounds and Russians displayed less dispositional bias. In Study 2, people from lower social class backgrounds and Russians demonstrated more contextual attention, more nonlinear reasoning about change, and more interdependent self-views (less self-inflation). Furthermore, in Study 2 differences in self-views mediated country and class effects on cognitive tendencies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25785896" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eeedf28ffcf7924d5f80263cf535ae72" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46145010,"asset_id":25785896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46145010/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="57707" href="https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/IgorGrossmann">Igor Grossmann</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="57707" type="text/json">{"id":57707,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Grossmann","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"IgorGrossmann","display_name":"Igor Grossmann","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/IgorGrossmann?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57707/16931/159369361/s65_igor.grossmann.jpg"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-25785896">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-25785896"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://asu.academia.edu/MichaelVarnum">Michael Varnum</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-25785896'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-25785896').html(); } } new HoverPopover(popoverSettings); })();</script></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25785896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25785896"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25785896, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25785896", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_25785896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25785896; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_25785896"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_25785896 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="25785896"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 25785896; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25785896]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25785896").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25785896").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25785896"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">22</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="221" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology">Psychology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="221" type="text/json">{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="389" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies">Russian Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="389" type="text/json">{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="922" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education">Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="922" type="text/json">{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="972" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity">Self and Identity</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="972" type="text/json">{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25785896]'), work: {"id":25785896,"title":"Social class, culture, and cognition","created_at":"2016-06-01T15:04:42.175-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25785896/Social_class_culture_and_cognition?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_25785896","summary":"There are competing accounts of the relationship among social class, culture, and cognition. An interactive hypothesis suggests the relationship between social class and cognitive tendencies varies inasmuch as societies differ in their endorsement of those cognitive tendencies. An alternative additive hypothesis suggests that class-related environments promote differences in cognition. The authors addressed the validity of these accounts by simultaneously examining the effects of class among Americans (an independent society) and Russians (an interdependent society). Consistent with the additive hypothesis, lower social class was associated with more holistic cognition and more interdependent self-views in both countries. In Study 1, people from lower social class backgrounds and Russians displayed less dispositional bias. In Study 2, people from lower social class backgrounds and Russians demonstrated more contextual attention, more nonlinear reasoning about change, and more interdependent self-views (less self-inflation). Furthermore, in Study 2 differences in self-views mediated country and class effects on cognitive tendencies.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46145010,"asset_id":25785896,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":57707,"first_name":"Igor","last_name":"Grossmann","domain_name":"uwaterloo","page_name":"IgorGrossmann","display_name":"Igor Grossmann","profile_url":"https://uwaterloo.academia.edu/IgorGrossmann?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/57707/16931/159369361/s65_igor.grossmann.jpg"},{"id":49488391,"first_name":"Michael","last_name":"Varnum","domain_name":"asu","page_name":"MichaelVarnum","display_name":"Michael Varnum","profile_url":"https://asu.academia.edu/MichaelVarnum?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":221,"name":"Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychology?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":389,"name":"Russian Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Russian_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":922,"name":"Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Education?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":972,"name":"Self and Identity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_and_Identity?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":3499,"name":"Social and Cultural Anthropology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Cultural_Anthropology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4212,"name":"Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognition?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5067,"name":"Cultural Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cultural_Psychology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6059,"name":"Causal reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causal_reasoning?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8577,"name":"Social Stratification","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Stratification?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9581,"name":"The Self","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Self?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":20300,"name":"Moral and Cognitive Reasoning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_and_Cognitive_Reasoning?f_ri=621905"},{"id":23534,"name":"Individualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Individualism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":23918,"name":"Culture and Cognition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture_and_Cognition?f_ri=621905"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28076,"name":"Cognitive Style","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Style?f_ri=621905"},{"id":37647,"name":"Gramsci and Cultural Hegemony","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gramsci_and_Cultural_Hegemony?f_ri=621905"},{"id":96795,"name":"Cross Cultural Psychology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Cultural_Psychology?f_ri=621905"},{"id":97712,"name":"Collectivism \u0026 Individualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Collectivism_and_Individualism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":121601,"name":"Cross cultural studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_cultural_studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_74830755" data-work_id="74830755" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/74830755/The_Oxford_handbook_of_communist_visual_cultures">The Oxford handbook of communist visual cultures</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Stereotypes often cast communism as a defunct, bankrupt ideology and a relic of the distant past. However, recent political movements like Europe&amp;#39;s anti-austerity protests, the Arab Spring, and Occupy Wall Street suggest that... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_74830755" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Stereotypes often cast communism as a defunct, bankrupt ideology and a relic of the distant past. However, recent political movements like Europe&amp;#39;s anti-austerity protests, the Arab Spring, and Occupy Wall Street suggest that communism is still very much relevant and may even hold the key to a new, idealized future. In The Oxford Handbook of Communist Visual Cultures, contributors trace the legacies of communist ideology in visual culture, from buildings and monuments, murals and sculpture, to recycling campaigns and wall newspapers, all of which work to make communism&amp;#39;s ideas and values material. Contributors work to resist the widespread demonization of communism, demystifying its ideals and suggesting that it has visually shaped the modern world in undeniable and complex ways. Together, contributors answer crucial questions like: What can be salvaged and reused from past communist experiments? How has communism impacted the cultures of late capitalism? And how have histories of communism left behind visual traces of potential utopias? An interdisciplinary look at the cultural currency of communism today, The Oxford Handbook of Communist Visual Cultures demonstrates the value of revisiting the practices of the past to form a better vision of the future.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/74830755" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="212627732" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JosephBoisvere">Joseph Boisvere</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="212627732" type="text/json">{"id":212627732,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Boisvere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosephBoisvere","display_name":"Joseph Boisvere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosephBoisvere?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_74830755 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="74830755"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74830755, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_74830755", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_74830755 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74830755; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_74830755"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_74830755 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74830755"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74830755; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74830755]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_74830755").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_74830755").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="74830755"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">20</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="863" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies">Visual Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="863" type="text/json">{"id":863,"name":"Visual Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History">Art History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915" type="text/json">{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="928" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies">Media Studies</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="928" type="text/json">{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1094" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fashion_design">Fashion design</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1094" type="text/json">{"id":1094,"name":"Fashion design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fashion_design?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=74830755]'), work: {"id":74830755,"title":"The Oxford handbook of communist visual cultures","created_at":"2022-03-28T16:46:31.235-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/74830755/The_Oxford_handbook_of_communist_visual_cultures?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_74830755","summary":"Stereotypes often cast communism as a defunct, bankrupt ideology and a relic of the distant past. However, recent political movements like Europe\u0026amp;#39;s anti-austerity protests, the Arab Spring, and Occupy Wall Street suggest that communism is still very much relevant and may even hold the key to a new, idealized future. In The Oxford Handbook of Communist Visual Cultures, contributors trace the legacies of communist ideology in visual culture, from buildings and monuments, murals and sculpture, to recycling campaigns and wall newspapers, all of which work to make communism\u0026amp;#39;s ideas and values material. Contributors work to resist the widespread demonization of communism, demystifying its ideals and suggesting that it has visually shaped the modern world in undeniable and complex ways. Together, contributors answer crucial questions like: What can be salvaged and reused from past communist experiments? How has communism impacted the cultures of late capitalism? And how have histories of communism left behind visual traces of potential utopias? An interdisciplinary look at the cultural currency of communism today, The Oxford Handbook of Communist Visual Cultures demonstrates the value of revisiting the practices of the past to form a better vision of the future.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":212627732,"first_name":"Joseph","last_name":"Boisvere","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JosephBoisvere","display_name":"Joseph Boisvere","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JosephBoisvere?f_ri=621905","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":863,"name":"Visual Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":915,"name":"Art History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Art_History?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":928,"name":"Media Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Media_Studies?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1094,"name":"Fashion design","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fashion_design?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1372,"name":"Architecture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Architecture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1555,"name":"Film Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Film_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2473,"name":"Material Culture Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material_Culture_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3225,"name":"Visual Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Visual_Culture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":3651,"name":"Cold War and Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cold_War_and_Culture?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":11452,"name":"Memory Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Memory_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12531,"name":"Post-Socialist Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Socialist_Societies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=621905"},{"id":35588,"name":"Socialist Feminism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Feminism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":39545,"name":"Socialist Realism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialist_Realism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":59779,"name":"History of Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Communism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":202728,"name":"Post-Communist Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post-Communist_Studies?f_ri=621905"},{"id":452912,"name":"Oxford university","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxford_university?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1144884,"name":"Postsocialist Art","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Postsocialist_Art?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_15686078" data-work_id="15686078" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/15686078/On_the_suspension_of_law_and_the_total_transformation_of_labour_Reflections_on_the_philosophy_of_history_in_Walter_Benjamin_s_Critique_of_Violence_Thesis_Eleven_2015_">On the suspension of law and the total transformation of labour: Reflections on the philosophy of history in Walter Benjamin’s "Critique of Violence" (Thesis Eleven, 2015)</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper argues for the contemporary significance of the ‘Critique of Violence’ by proposing a Benjaminian reading of two important analyses of the relationship between history, politics and the Rights of Man: Hegel’s account of the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_15686078" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper argues for the contemporary significance of the ‘Critique of Violence’ by proposing a Benjaminian reading of two important analyses of the relationship between history, politics and the Rights of Man: Hegel’s account of the French Revolution and the concept of dissensus proposed by Jacques Rancière. For both Hegel and Rancière, the gap between right and reality – between the ideal of equality, for example, and the existence of concrete inequality – does not warrant a rejection of the Rights of Man. Rather, the gap is a constitutive condition of law and political rights. From the perspective of Benjamin’s ‘Critique of Violence’, however, these analyses serve to perpetuate a bourgeois legality, one that both Hegel and Rancière acknowledge can never be realized due to the constitutive discrepancy between right and reality. In preserving the promise of legal equality, these analyses preclude the possibility of a suspension or ‘absolution’ from law. This suspension of law is a task that Benjamin identified with the proletarian general strike, a strategy whose pure violence is supposed to secure what Benjamin described, enigmatically, as a ‘wholly transformed work’. Remarkably, however, the relationship between the suspension of law in a general strike and a total transformation of labour is never clearly defined in the ‘Critique’. This paper will develop an account of this relationship by pursuing the references to Marx’s critical theory of capitalism in Benjamin’s writings.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/15686078" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="02d909d9d8314098ad9385526bf56c87" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":38765361,"asset_id":15686078,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/38765361/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34872348" href="https://uh.academia.edu/DuyLapNguyen">Duy Lap Nguyen</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34872348" type="text/json">{"id":34872348,"first_name":"Duy Lap","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"uh","page_name":"DuyLapNguyen","display_name":"Duy Lap Nguyen","profile_url":"https://uh.academia.edu/DuyLapNguyen?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34872348/10162763/11340512/s65_duy_lap.nguyen.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_15686078 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="15686078"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 15686078, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_15686078", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_15686078 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15686078; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_15686078"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_15686078 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="15686078"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 15686078; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=15686078]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_15686078").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_15686078").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="15686078"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">34</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="8" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory">Critical Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="8" type="text/json">{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1697" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence">Violence</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1697" type="text/json">{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=15686078]'), work: {"id":15686078,"title":"On the suspension of law and the total transformation of labour: Reflections on the philosophy of history in Walter Benjamin’s \"Critique of Violence\" (Thesis Eleven, 2015)","created_at":"2015-09-14T08:07:23.012-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/15686078/On_the_suspension_of_law_and_the_total_transformation_of_labour_Reflections_on_the_philosophy_of_history_in_Walter_Benjamin_s_Critique_of_Violence_Thesis_Eleven_2015_?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_15686078","summary":"This paper argues for the contemporary significance of the ‘Critique of Violence’ by proposing a Benjaminian reading of two important analyses of the relationship between history, politics and the Rights of Man: Hegel’s account of the French Revolution and the concept of dissensus proposed by Jacques Rancière. For both Hegel and Rancière, the gap between right and reality – between the ideal of equality, for example, and the existence of concrete inequality – does not warrant a rejection of the Rights of Man. Rather, the gap is a constitutive condition of law and political rights. From the perspective of Benjamin’s ‘Critique of Violence’, however, these analyses serve to perpetuate a bourgeois legality, one that both Hegel and Rancière acknowledge can never be realized due to the constitutive discrepancy between right and reality. In preserving the promise of legal equality, these analyses preclude the possibility of a suspension or ‘absolution’ from law. This suspension of law is a task that Benjamin identified with the proletarian general strike, a strategy whose pure violence is supposed to secure what Benjamin described, enigmatically, as a ‘wholly transformed work’. Remarkably, however, the relationship between the suspension of law in a general strike and a total transformation of labour is never clearly defined in the ‘Critique’. This paper will develop an account of this relationship by pursuing the references to Marx’s critical theory of capitalism in Benjamin’s writings.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":38765361,"asset_id":15686078,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34872348,"first_name":"Duy Lap","last_name":"Nguyen","domain_name":"uh","page_name":"DuyLapNguyen","display_name":"Duy Lap Nguyen","profile_url":"https://uh.academia.edu/DuyLapNguyen?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/34872348/10162763/11340512/s65_duy_lap.nguyen.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8,"name":"Critical Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1697,"name":"Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Violence?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2592,"name":"Human Rights","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Rights?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4487,"name":"Revolutions","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Revolutions?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4652,"name":"French Revolution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/French_Revolution?f_ri=621905"},{"id":4823,"name":"Critical Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critical_Legal_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5248,"name":"Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":5686,"name":"Political Violence and Terrorism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence_and_Terrorism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":6728,"name":"Philosophy Of Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_Of_Law?f_ri=621905"},{"id":7942,"name":"Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hegel?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8330,"name":"Walter Benjamin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Walter_Benjamin?f_ri=621905"},{"id":8760,"name":"Jacques Rancière","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Ranci%C3%A8re?f_ri=621905"},{"id":9465,"name":"Philosophy of History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_History?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10342,"name":"Political Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Violence?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10672,"name":"State Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":12040,"name":"Jacques Derrida","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Derrida?f_ri=621905"},{"id":15085,"name":"Marxist Legal Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Legal_Theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":17986,"name":"Jacques Ranciere","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Jacques_Ranciere?f_ri=621905"},{"id":18108,"name":"G.W.F. Hegel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/G.W.F._Hegel?f_ri=621905"},{"id":20715,"name":"Legal Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":31886,"name":"Radical Democracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Democracy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":68560,"name":"The Hegelian Recognition / The Dialectic of Master and Slave Relationship","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/The_Hegelian_Recognition_The_Dialectic_of_Master_and_Slave_Relationship?f_ri=621905"},{"id":106378,"name":"Georges Sorel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Georges_Sorel?f_ri=621905"},{"id":123434,"name":"State Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Violence?f_ri=621905"},{"id":138219,"name":"Philosophy of Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy_of_Violence?f_ri=621905"},{"id":278885,"name":"Critique of Violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Violence?f_ri=621905"},{"id":462780,"name":"Giorgo Agamben","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Giorgo_Agamben?f_ri=621905"},{"id":595359,"name":"Grundrisse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Grundrisse?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":2024028,"name":"Philosophical critique of violence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophical_critique_of_violence?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_75447363" data-work_id="75447363" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/75447363/Anthropological_Solidarity_in_Early_Marx">Anthropological Solidarity in Early Marx</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay outlines a picture of solidarity that can be extracted from early writings by Karl Marx and that fulfills criteria of solidarity by thinkers like Ashley Taylor. Marx’s partially neo-Aristotelian picture of solidarity is shown... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_75447363" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay outlines a picture of solidarity that can be extracted from early writings by Karl Marx and that fulfills criteria of solidarity by thinkers like Ashley Taylor. Marx’s partially neo-Aristotelian picture of solidarity is shown to differ crucially from the phenomenological account of David Wiggins in the analytic tradition of moral philosophy, and from the account by Andrea Sangiovanni in the liberal tradition of political philosophy. After presenting some of Marx’s arguments that capitalism thwarts the realization of solidarity, the essay concludes with modest practical suggestions for promoting its realization in contemporary open societies.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/75447363" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="2887420" href="https://duke.academia.edu/HenryPickford">Henry Pickford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="2887420" type="text/json">{"id":2887420,"first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Pickford","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"HenryPickford","display_name":"Henry Pickford","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/HenryPickford?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2887420/2276754/2660055/s65_henry.pickford.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_75447363 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="75447363"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75447363, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_75447363", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_75447363 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75447363; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_75447363"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_75447363 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75447363"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75447363; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75447363]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_75447363").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_75447363").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="75447363"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">9</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="802" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy">Political Economy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="802" type="text/json">{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="813" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy">Political Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="813" type="text/json">{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1696" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory">Political Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1696" type="text/json">{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1698" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1698" type="text/json">{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=75447363]'), work: {"id":75447363,"title":"Anthropological Solidarity in Early Marx","created_at":"2022-04-04T10:52:28.141-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/75447363/Anthropological_Solidarity_in_Early_Marx?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_75447363","summary":"This essay outlines a picture of solidarity that can be extracted from early writings by Karl Marx and that fulfills criteria of solidarity by thinkers like Ashley Taylor. Marx’s partially neo-Aristotelian picture of solidarity is shown to differ crucially from the phenomenological account of David Wiggins in the analytic tradition of moral philosophy, and from the account by Andrea Sangiovanni in the liberal tradition of political philosophy. After presenting some of Marx’s arguments that capitalism thwarts the realization of solidarity, the essay concludes with modest practical suggestions for promoting its realization in contemporary open societies.","downloadable_attachments":[],"ordered_authors":[{"id":2887420,"first_name":"Henry","last_name":"Pickford","domain_name":"duke","page_name":"HenryPickford","display_name":"Henry Pickford","profile_url":"https://duke.academia.edu/HenryPickford?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2887420/2276754/2660055/s65_henry.pickford.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":802,"name":"Political Economy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Economy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":813,"name":"Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Philosophy?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1696,"name":"Political Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":1698,"name":"Marxism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":2459,"name":"Social Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905"},{"id":22547,"name":"Social and Political Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_and_Political_Philosophy?f_ri=621905"},{"id":47830,"name":"Solidarity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Solidarity?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_72593506" data-work_id="72593506" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/72593506/Un_Percorso_Nella_Filosofia_Politica_Di_Lenin_Tra_Classe_Partito_E_Stato">Un Percorso Nella Filosofia Politica Di Lenin Tra Classe, Partito E Stato</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">2017 is the 100th anniversary of an event that had a tremendous impact on the entire XX&lt;br&gt; century history and that irreversibly marked the political discourse of the contemporary world.&lt;br&gt; This event had two main... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_72593506" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">2017 is the 100th anniversary of an event that had a tremendous impact on the entire XX&lt;br&gt; century history and that irreversibly marked the political discourse of the contemporary world.&lt;br&gt; This event had two main protagonists: the Russian popular masses, who tried to launch an&lt;br&gt; extraordinarily daring &#39;assault to the sky&#39; and a man who was – and not by accident – that&lt;br&gt; assault&#39;s leader. The event is the October Revolution and the man is Vladimir Ilič Ulyanov,&lt;br&gt; Lenin. In this contribution, we intend to propose a journey inside Lenin&#39;s political philosophy&lt;br&gt; between Class, Party and State.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/72593506" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9b3868eb2d30d85d50360d56e93f8d14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":81461521,"asset_id":72593506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/81461521/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="45666938" href="https://independent.academia.edu/MRiformetti">Marco Riformetti</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="45666938" type="text/json">{"id":45666938,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Riformetti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MRiformetti","display_name":"Marco Riformetti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MRiformetti?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45666938/17111576/17272522/s65_marco.riformetti.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_72593506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="72593506"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 72593506, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_72593506", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_72593506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72593506; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_72593506"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_72593506 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="72593506"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 72593506; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=72593506]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_72593506").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_72593506").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="72593506"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">12</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5273" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class">Class</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5273" type="text/json">{"id":5273,"name":"Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7443" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism">Communism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7443" type="text/json">{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10672" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Theory">State Theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10672" type="text/json">{"id":10672,"name":"State Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=72593506]'), work: {"id":72593506,"title":"Un Percorso Nella Filosofia Politica Di Lenin Tra Classe, Partito E Stato","created_at":"2022-02-28T05:26:17.638-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/72593506/Un_Percorso_Nella_Filosofia_Politica_Di_Lenin_Tra_Classe_Partito_E_Stato?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_72593506","summary":"2017 is the 100th anniversary of an event that had a tremendous impact on the entire XX\u0026lt;br\u0026gt; century history and that irreversibly marked the political discourse of the contemporary world.\u0026lt;br\u0026gt; This event had two main protagonists: the Russian popular masses, who tried to launch an\u0026lt;br\u0026gt; extraordinarily daring \u0026#39;assault to the sky\u0026#39; and a man who was – and not by accident – that\u0026lt;br\u0026gt; assault\u0026#39;s leader. The event is the October Revolution and the man is Vladimir Ilič Ulyanov,\u0026lt;br\u0026gt; Lenin. In this contribution, we intend to propose a journey inside Lenin\u0026#39;s political philosophy\u0026lt;br\u0026gt; between Class, Party and State.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":81461521,"asset_id":72593506,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":45666938,"first_name":"Marco","last_name":"Riformetti","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"MRiformetti","display_name":"Marco Riformetti","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/MRiformetti?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/45666938/17111576/17272522/s65_marco.riformetti.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5273,"name":"Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Class?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":7443,"name":"Communism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Communism?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10672,"name":"State Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/State_Theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":20640,"name":"Lenin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lenin?f_ri=621905"},{"id":21219,"name":"Socialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Socialism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":26879,"name":"Social Class","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Class?f_ri=621905"},{"id":33298,"name":"Karl Marx","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Karl_Marx?f_ri=621905"},{"id":77664,"name":"Comunismo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comunismo?f_ri=621905"},{"id":383906,"name":"Leninism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leninism?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":691470,"name":"Party System","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Party_System?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22247460" data-work_id="22247460" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22247460/Grey_in_Grey_Journal_of_Critical_Globalisation_Studies">Grey in Grey - Journal of Critical Globalisation Studies</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This essay reflects on the global financial crisis of 2008 as a site from which to assess a number of theorisations of critique and change, based within a broadly-defined Marxism. While the recent crisis has given traction to Marxism as a... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22247460" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This essay reflects on the global financial crisis of 2008 as a site from which to assess a number of theorisations of critique and change, based within a broadly-defined Marxism. While the recent crisis has given traction to Marxism as a form of critique, the articulation of that critique to actual change, and especially to the prospective agents of change, has been left hanging. Charting the work of Fredric Jameson, Hardt and Negri, and others, we find an emphasis on the powers of production and life as a point of excess to fuel anticapitalist politics. However, these images of dynamism are now forced to confront capitalism in a state of inertia and deceleration, and in so doing, they reveal their dependence on replicating or displacing the supposed 'productive forces' of capitalism to their own projects. Models of 'anti-production', such as those derived from Georges Bataille, also tend to converge on models of vital powers, although cast in forms of consumption and excess. Criticising this convergence on a mythical vitalism, this essay suggests a deflationary critique of capitalism's 'productivism', and explores the potential for an anti-vitalist analysis that might better grasp the 'mythological displacement' of experience that operates within the frame of capitalist social relations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22247460" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="dd28a7464036ea94b88019672d862b08" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42898002,"asset_id":22247460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42898002/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="68069" href="https://chi.academia.edu/BenjaminNoys">Benjamin Noys</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="68069" type="text/json">{"id":68069,"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Noys","domain_name":"chi","page_name":"BenjaminNoys","display_name":"Benjamin Noys","profile_url":"https://chi.academia.edu/BenjaminNoys?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68069/19093/223495/s65_benjamin.noys.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22247460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22247460"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22247460, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22247460", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_22247460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22247460; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_22247460"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_22247460 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="22247460"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 22247460; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22247460]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22247460").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22247460").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22247460"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="29058" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis_of_2008_2009">Financial Crisis of 2008/2009</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29058" type="text/json">{"id":29058,"name":"Financial Crisis of 2008/2009","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis_of_2008_2009?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="30087" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_as_Political_Practice">Critique as Political Practice</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="30087" type="text/json">{"id":30087,"name":"Critique as Political Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_as_Political_Practice?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="621905" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1">Marxist Theory</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="621905" type="text/json">{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22247460]'), work: {"id":22247460,"title":"Grey in Grey - Journal of Critical Globalisation Studies","created_at":"2016-02-21T04:39:51.852-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22247460/Grey_in_Grey_Journal_of_Critical_Globalisation_Studies?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_22247460","summary":"This essay reflects on the global financial crisis of 2008 as a site from which to assess a number of theorisations of critique and change, based within a broadly-defined Marxism. While the recent crisis has given traction to Marxism as a form of critique, the articulation of that critique to actual change, and especially to the prospective agents of change, has been left hanging. Charting the work of Fredric Jameson, Hardt and Negri, and others, we find an emphasis on the powers of production and life as a point of excess to fuel anticapitalist politics. However, these images of dynamism are now forced to confront capitalism in a state of inertia and deceleration, and in so doing, they reveal their dependence on replicating or displacing the supposed 'productive forces' of capitalism to their own projects. Models of 'anti-production', such as those derived from Georges Bataille, also tend to converge on models of vital powers, although cast in forms of consumption and excess. Criticising this convergence on a mythical vitalism, this essay suggests a deflationary critique of capitalism's 'productivism', and explores the potential for an anti-vitalist analysis that might better grasp the 'mythological displacement' of experience that operates within the frame of capitalist social relations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42898002,"asset_id":22247460,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":68069,"first_name":"Benjamin","last_name":"Noys","domain_name":"chi","page_name":"BenjaminNoys","display_name":"Benjamin Noys","profile_url":"https://chi.academia.edu/BenjaminNoys?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/68069/19093/223495/s65_benjamin.noys.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":29058,"name":"Financial Crisis of 2008/2009","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Financial_Crisis_of_2008_2009?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":30087,"name":"Critique as Political Practice","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_as_Political_Practice?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_79209754" data-work_id="79209754" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/79209754/Precarious_Labour_and_the_Contemporary_Novel">Precarious Labour and the Contemporary Novel</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_79209754" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/79209754" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="51cd494ba1333cc912439f9ddd17567d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":86001563,"asset_id":79209754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/86001563/download_file?st=MTc0MDU3ODkwOCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="143641" href="https://brighton.academia.edu/LiamConnell">Liam Connell</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="143641" type="text/json">{"id":143641,"first_name":"Liam","last_name":"Connell","domain_name":"brighton","page_name":"LiamConnell","display_name":"Liam Connell","profile_url":"https://brighton.academia.edu/LiamConnell?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/143641/38066/48865815/s65_liam.connell.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_79209754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="79209754"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 79209754, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_79209754", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_79209754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79209754; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_79209754"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_79209754 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="79209754"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 79209754; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=79209754]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_79209754").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_79209754").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="79209754"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">7</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="659" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature">Comparative Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="659" type="text/json">{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10806" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10806" type="text/json">{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="15514" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Literature">Contemporary Literature</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="15514" type="text/json">{"id":15514,"name":"Contemporary Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="23310" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Novel">Novel</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="23310" type="text/json">{"id":23310,"name":"Novel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Novel?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=79209754]'), work: {"id":79209754,"title":"Precarious Labour and the Contemporary Novel","created_at":"2022-05-16T01:46:10.109-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/79209754/Precarious_Labour_and_the_Contemporary_Novel?f_ri=621905","dom_id":"work_79209754","summary":"The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":86001563,"asset_id":79209754,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":143641,"first_name":"Liam","last_name":"Connell","domain_name":"brighton","page_name":"LiamConnell","display_name":"Liam Connell","profile_url":"https://brighton.academia.edu/LiamConnell?f_ri=621905","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/143641/38066/48865815/s65_liam.connell.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":659,"name":"Comparative Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":10806,"name":"Marxist theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":15514,"name":"Contemporary Literature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Contemporary_Literature?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":23310,"name":"Novel","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Novel?f_ri=621905","nofollow":true},{"id":44675,"name":"Fiction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fiction?f_ri=621905"},{"id":621905,"name":"Marxist Theory","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?f_ri=621905"},{"id":1792981,"name":"Economic Humanities","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Economic_Humanities?f_ri=621905"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div></div><div class="u-taCenter Pagination"><ul class="pagination"><li class="next_page"><a href="/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?after=50%2C79209754" rel="next">Next</a></li><li class="last next"><a href="/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1?page=last">Last »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="hidden-xs hidden-sm"><div class="u-pl6x"><div style="width: 300px;"><div class="panel panel-flat u-mt7x"><div class="panel-heading u-p5x"><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-taCenter u-fw700 u-textUppercase">Related Topics</div></div><ul class="list-group"><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_theory">Marxist theory</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="10806">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="10806">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Protestantism">Protestantism</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="10106">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="10106">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Max_Weber">Max Weber</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="44638">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="44638">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting">Accounting</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="3490">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="3490">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Political_Economy-1">Marxist Political Economy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="621906">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="621906">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Primitive_Accumulation">Primitive Accumulation</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="47640">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="47640">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxism">Marxism</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="1698">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="1698">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radical_Philosophy">Radical Philosophy</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="69954">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="69954">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ideology">Ideology</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="5780">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="5780">Following</a></div></li><li class="list-group-item media_v2 u-mt0x u-p3x"><div class="media-body"><div class="u-tcGrayDarker u-fw700"><a class="u-tcGrayDarker" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Social_Theory">Social Theory</a></div></div><div class="media-right media-middle"><a class="u-tcGreen u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-follow-ri-id="209">Follow</a><a class="u-tcGray u-textDecorationNone u-linkUnstyled u-fw500 hidden" data-unfollow-ri-id="209">Following</a></div></li></ul></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// MIT License // Copyright © 2011 Sebastian Tschan, https://blueimp.net // Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of // this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in // the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to // use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of // the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, // subject to the following conditions: // The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all // copies or substantial portions of the Software. // THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR // IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS // FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR // COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER // IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN // CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. !function(n){"use strict";function d(n,t){var r=(65535&n)+(65535&t);return(n>>16)+(t>>16)+(r>>16)<<16|65535&r}function f(n,t,r,e,o,u){return d((c=d(d(t,n),d(e,u)))<<(f=o)|c>>>32-f,r);var c,f}function l(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&r|~t&e,n,t,o,u,c)}function v(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t&e|r&~e,n,t,o,u,c)}function g(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(t^r^e,n,t,o,u,c)}function m(n,t,r,e,o,u,c){return f(r^(t|~e),n,t,o,u,c)}function i(n,t){var r,e,o,u;n[t>>5]|=128<<t%32,n[14+(t+64>>>9<<4)]=t;for(var c=1732584193,f=-271733879,i=-1732584194,a=271733878,h=0;h<n.length;h+=16)c=l(r=c,e=f,o=i,u=a,n[h],7,-680876936),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+1],12,-389564586),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],17,606105819),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+3],22,-1044525330),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],7,-176418897),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+5],12,1200080426),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],17,-1473231341),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+7],22,-45705983),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],7,1770035416),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+9],12,-1958414417),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],17,-42063),f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+11],22,-1990404162),c=l(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],7,1804603682),a=l(a,c,f,i,n[h+13],12,-40341101),i=l(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],17,-1502002290),c=v(c,f=l(f,i,a,c,n[h+15],22,1236535329),i,a,n[h+1],5,-165796510),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+6],9,-1069501632),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],14,643717713),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h],20,-373897302),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+5],5,-701558691),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+10],9,38016083),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],14,-660478335),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+4],20,-405537848),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],5,568446438),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+14],9,-1019803690),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],14,-187363961),f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+8],20,1163531501),c=v(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],5,-1444681467),a=v(a,c,f,i,n[h+2],9,-51403784),i=v(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],14,1735328473),c=g(c,f=v(f,i,a,c,n[h+12],20,-1926607734),i,a,n[h+5],4,-378558),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+8],11,-2022574463),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+11],16,1839030562),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+14],23,-35309556),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+1],4,-1530992060),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+4],11,1272893353),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+7],16,-155497632),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+10],23,-1094730640),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+13],4,681279174),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h],11,-358537222),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+3],16,-722521979),f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+6],23,76029189),c=g(c,f,i,a,n[h+9],4,-640364487),a=g(a,c,f,i,n[h+12],11,-421815835),i=g(i,a,c,f,n[h+15],16,530742520),c=m(c,f=g(f,i,a,c,n[h+2],23,-995338651),i,a,n[h],6,-198630844),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+7],10,1126891415),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+14],15,-1416354905),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+5],21,-57434055),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+12],6,1700485571),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+3],10,-1894986606),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+10],15,-1051523),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+1],21,-2054922799),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+8],6,1873313359),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+15],10,-30611744),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+6],15,-1560198380),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+13],21,1309151649),c=m(c,f,i,a,n[h+4],6,-145523070),a=m(a,c,f,i,n[h+11],10,-1120210379),i=m(i,a,c,f,n[h+2],15,718787259),f=m(f,i,a,c,n[h+9],21,-343485551),c=d(c,r),f=d(f,e),i=d(i,o),a=d(a,u);return[c,f,i,a]}function a(n){for(var t="",r=32*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t+=String.fromCharCode(n[e>>5]>>>e%32&255);return t}function h(n){var t=[];for(t[(n.length>>2)-1]=void 0,e=0;e<t.length;e+=1)t[e]=0;for(var r=8*n.length,e=0;e<r;e+=8)t[e>>5]|=(255&n.charCodeAt(e/8))<<e%32;return t}function e(n){for(var t,r="0123456789abcdef",e="",o=0;o<n.length;o+=1)t=n.charCodeAt(o),e+=r.charAt(t>>>4&15)+r.charAt(15&t);return e}function r(n){return unescape(encodeURIComponent(n))}function o(n){return a(i(h(t=r(n)),8*t.length));var t}function u(n,t){return function(n,t){var r,e,o=h(n),u=[],c=[];for(u[15]=c[15]=void 0,16<o.length&&(o=i(o,8*n.length)),r=0;r<16;r+=1)u[r]=909522486^o[r],c[r]=1549556828^o[r];return e=i(u.concat(h(t)),512+8*t.length),a(i(c.concat(e),640))}(r(n),r(t))}function t(n,t,r){return t?r?u(t,n):e(u(t,n)):r?o(n):e(o(n))}"function"==typeof define&&define.amd?define(function(){return t}):"object"==typeof module&&module.exports?module.exports=t:n.md5=t}(this);</script><script>window.AbTest = (function() { return { 'ab_test': (uniqueId, test_name, buckets) => { let override = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).get(`ab_test[${test_name}]`); if ( override ) { return override; } const bucketNames = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? bucket : Object.keys(bucket)[0]; }); const weights = buckets.map((bucket) => { return typeof bucket === 'string' ? 1 : Object.values(bucket)[0]; }); const total = weights.reduce((sum, weight) => sum + weight); const hash = md5(`${uniqueId}${test_name}`); const hashNum = parseInt(hash.slice(-12), 16); let bucketPoint = total * (hashNum % 100000) / 100000; const bucket = bucketNames.find((_, i) => { if (weights[i] > bucketPoint) { return true; } bucketPoint -= weights[i]; return false; }); return bucket; } }; })();</script><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><script>function onGoogleOneTapEvent(event) { var momentType = event.getMomentType(); var momentReason = null; if (event.isNotDisplayed()) { momentReason = event.getNotDisplayedReason(); } else if (event.isSkippedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getSkippedReason(); } else if (event.isDismissedMoment()) { momentReason = event.getDismissedReason(); } Aedu.arbitraryEvents.write('GoogleOneTapEvent', { moment_type: momentType, moment_reason: momentReason, }); }</script><script>(function() { var auvid = unescape( document.cookie .split(/; ?/) .find((s) => s.startsWith('auvid')) .substring(6)); var bucket = AbTest.ab_test(auvid, 'lo_ri_one_tap_google_sign_on', ['control', 'one_tap_google_sign_on']); if (bucket === 'control') return; var oneTapTag = document.createElement('script') oneTapTag.async = true oneTapTag.defer = true oneTapTag.src = 'https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client' document.body.appendChild(oneTapTag) })();</script></div></div></div> </div> <div class="bootstrap login"><div class="modal fade login-modal" id="login-modal"><div class="login-modal-dialog modal-dialog"><div class="modal-content"><div class="modal-header"><button class="close close" data-dismiss="modal" type="button"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span><span class="sr-only">Close</span></button><h4 class="modal-title text-center"><strong>Log In</strong></h4></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><button class="btn btn-fb btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-facebook-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 19px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="facebook-square" class="svg-inline--fa fa-facebook-square fa-w-14" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 448 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M400 32H48A48 48 0 0 0 0 80v352a48 48 0 0 0 48 48h137.25V327.69h-63V256h63v-54.64c0-62.15 37-96.48 93.67-96.48 27.14 0 55.52 4.84 55.52 4.84v61h-31.27c-30.81 0-40.42 19.12-40.42 38.73V256h68.78l-11 71.69h-57.78V480H400a48 48 0 0 0 48-48V80a48 48 0 0 0-48-48z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Facebook</strong></small></button><br /><button class="btn btn-google btn-lg btn-block btn-v-center-content" id="login-google-oauth-button"><svg style="float: left; width: 22px; line-height: 1em; margin-right: .3em;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fab" data-icon="google-plus" class="svg-inline--fa fa-google-plus fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M256,8C119.1,8,8,119.1,8,256S119.1,504,256,504,504,392.9,504,256,392.9,8,256,8ZM185.3,380a124,124,0,0,1,0-248c31.3,0,60.1,11,83,32.3l-33.6,32.6c-13.2-12.9-31.3-19.1-49.4-19.1-42.9,0-77.2,35.5-77.2,78.1S142.3,334,185.3,334c32.6,0,64.9-19.1,70.1-53.3H185.3V238.1H302.2a109.2,109.2,0,0,1,1.9,20.7c0,70.8-47.5,121.2-118.8,121.2ZM415.5,273.8v35.5H380V273.8H344.5V238.3H380V202.8h35.5v35.5h35.2v35.5Z"></path></svg><small><strong>Log in</strong> with <strong>Google</strong></small></button><br /><style type="text/css">.sign-in-with-apple-button { width: 100%; height: 52px; border-radius: 3px; border: 1px solid black; cursor: pointer; } .sign-in-with-apple-button > div { margin: 0 auto; / This centers the Apple-rendered button horizontally }</style><script src="https://appleid.cdn-apple.com/appleauth/static/jsapi/appleid/1/en_US/appleid.auth.js" type="text/javascript"></script><div class="sign-in-with-apple-button" data-border="false" data-color="white" id="appleid-signin"><span   ="Sign Up with Apple" class="u-fs11"></span></div><script>AppleID.auth.init({ clientId: 'edu.academia.applesignon', scope: 'name email', redirectURI: 'https://www.academia.edu/sessions', state: "c59d732eeb6dcbca668371acdc768f60f813cc15be2365a482a61861da99cb9a", });</script><script>// Hacky way of checking if on fast loswp if (window.loswp == null) { (function() { const Google = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Google; const Facebook = window?.Aedu?.Auth?.OauthButton?.Login?.Facebook; if (Google) { new Google({ el: '#login-google-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } if (Facebook) { new Facebook({ el: '#login-facebook-oauth-button', rememberMeCheckboxId: 'remember_me', track: null }); } })(); }</script></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><div class="hr-heading login-hr-heading"><span class="hr-heading-text">or</span></div></div></div></div><div class="modal-body"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-10 col-xs-offset-1"><form class="js-login-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/sessions" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="euNDRfU_-3hieejDtnAxUbU94fO1G9Z7FOy65bJH0DSC4-xlmCLJumVlxWYr21CYcGGkH68M0_FS98DRSGzYEQ" autocomplete="off" /><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-email-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Email</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-email-input" name="login" type="email" /></div><div class="form-group"><label class="control-label" for="login-modal-password-input" style="font-size: 14px;">Password</label><input class="form-control" id="login-modal-password-input" name="password" type="password" /></div><input type="hidden" name="post_login_redirect_url" id="post_login_redirect_url" value="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Marxist_Theory-1" autocomplete="off" /><div class="checkbox"><label><input type="checkbox" name="remember_me" id="remember_me" value="1" checked="checked" /><small style="font-size: 12px; margin-top: 2px; display: inline-block;">Remember me on this computer</small></label></div><br><input type="submit" name="commit" value="Log In" class="btn btn-primary btn-block btn-lg js-login-submit" data-disable-with="Log In" /></br></form><script>typeof window?.Aedu?.recaptchaManagedForm === 'function' && window.Aedu.recaptchaManagedForm( document.querySelector('.js-login-form'), document.querySelector('.js-login-submit') );</script><small style="font-size: 12px;"><br />or <a data-target="#login-modal-reset-password-container" data-toggle="collapse" href="javascript:void(0)">reset password</a></small><div class="collapse" id="login-modal-reset-password-container"><br /><div class="well margin-0x"><form class="js-password-reset-form" action="https://www.academia.edu/reset_password" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="post"><input type="hidden" name="authenticity_token" value="v6kbO1sY6lV9UNg8LwHyCu9cGxp84_7ThLQ3B7QjOFFHqbQbNgXYl3pM9ZmyqpPDKgBe9mb0-1nCr00zTggwdA" autocomplete="off" /><p>Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.</p><div class="form-group"><input class="form-control" name="email" type="email" /></div><script src="https://recaptcha.net/recaptcha/api.js" async defer></script> <script> var invisibleRecaptchaSubmit = function () { var closestForm = function (ele) { var curEle = ele.parentNode; while (curEle.nodeName !== 'FORM' && curEle.nodeName !== 'BODY'){ curEle = curEle.parentNode; } return curEle.nodeName === 'FORM' ? curEle : null }; var eles = document.getElementsByClassName('g-recaptcha'); if (eles.length > 0) { var form = closestForm(eles[0]); if (form) { form.submit(); } } }; </script> <input type="submit" data-sitekey="6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj" data-callback="invisibleRecaptchaSubmit" class="g-recaptcha btn btn-primary btn-block" value="Email me a link" value=""/> </form></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/collapse-45805421cf446ca5adf7aaa1935b08a3a8d1d9a6cc5d91a62a2a3a00b20b3e6a.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb $("#login-modal-reset-password-container").on("shown.bs.collapse", function() { $(this).find("input[type=email]").focus(); }); }); </script> </div></div></div><div class="modal-footer"><div class="text-center"><small style="font-size: 12px;">Need an account? <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/signup">Click here to sign up</a></small></div></div></div></div></div></div><script>// If we are on subdomain or non-bootstrapped page, redirect to login page instead of showing modal (function(){ if (typeof $ === 'undefined') return; var host = window.location.hostname; if ((host === $domain || host === "www."+$domain) && (typeof $().modal === 'function')) { $("#nav_log_in").click(function(e) { // Don't follow the link and open the modal e.preventDefault(); $("#login-modal").on('shown.bs.modal', function() { $(this).find("#login-modal-email-input").focus() }).modal('show'); }); } })()</script> <div class="bootstrap" id="footer"><div class="footer-content clearfix text-center padding-top-7x" style="width:100%;"><ul class="footer-links-secondary footer-links-wide list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/about">About</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/press">Press</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/documents">Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/topics">Topics</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/journals">Academia.edu Journals</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/hiring"><svg style="width: 13px; height: 13px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="briefcase" class="svg-inline--fa fa-briefcase fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M320 336c0 8.84-7.16 16-16 16h-96c-8.84 0-16-7.16-16-16v-48H0v144c0 25.6 22.4 48 48 48h416c25.6 0 48-22.4 48-48V288H320v48zm144-208h-80V80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48H176c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v48H48c-25.6 0-48 22.4-48 48v80h512v-80c0-25.6-22.4-48-48-48zm-144 0H192V96h128v32z"></path></svg> <strong>We're Hiring!</strong></a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://support.academia.edu/hc/en-us"><svg style="width: 12px; height: 12px;" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" data-prefix="fas" data-icon="question-circle" class="svg-inline--fa fa-question-circle fa-w-16" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M504 256c0 136.997-111.043 248-248 248S8 392.997 8 256C8 119.083 119.043 8 256 8s248 111.083 248 248zM262.655 90c-54.497 0-89.255 22.957-116.549 63.758-3.536 5.286-2.353 12.415 2.715 16.258l34.699 26.31c5.205 3.947 12.621 3.008 16.665-2.122 17.864-22.658 30.113-35.797 57.303-35.797 20.429 0 45.698 13.148 45.698 32.958 0 14.976-12.363 22.667-32.534 33.976C247.128 238.528 216 254.941 216 296v4c0 6.627 5.373 12 12 12h56c6.627 0 12-5.373 12-12v-1.333c0-28.462 83.186-29.647 83.186-106.667 0-58.002-60.165-102-116.531-102zM256 338c-25.365 0-46 20.635-46 46 0 25.364 20.635 46 46 46s46-20.636 46-46c0-25.365-20.635-46-46-46z"></path></svg> <strong>Help Center</strong></a></li></ul><ul class="footer-links-tertiary list-inline margin-bottom-1x"><li class="small">Find new research papers in:</li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physics">Physics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemistry">Chemistry</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biology">Biology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Health_Sciences">Health Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ecology">Ecology</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Earth_Sciences">Earth Sciences</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cognitive_Science">Cognitive Science</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li><li class="small"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computer_Science">Computer Science</a></li></ul></div></div><div class="DesignSystem" id="credit" style="width:100%;"><ul class="u-pl0x footer-links-legal list-inline"><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/terms">Terms</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/privacy">Privacy</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/copyright">Copyright</a></li><li>Academia ©2025</li></ul></div><script> //<![CDATA[ window.detect_gmtoffset = true; window.Academia && window.Academia.set_gmtoffset && Academia.set_gmtoffset('/gmtoffset'); //]]> </script> <div id='overlay_background'></div> <div id='bootstrap-modal-container' class='bootstrap'></div> <div id='ds-modal-container' class='bootstrap DesignSystem'></div> <div id='full-screen-modal'></div> </div> </body> </html>