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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simple_Rain_Sensor_Alarm_Circuit_using_a_Single_Transistor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Simple_Rain_Sensor_Alarm_Circuit_using_a_Single_Transistor.jpg/220px-Simple_Rain_Sensor_Alarm_Circuit_using_a_Single_Transistor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Simple_Rain_Sensor_Alarm_Circuit_using_a_Single_Transistor.jpg/330px-Simple_Rain_Sensor_Alarm_Circuit_using_a_Single_Transistor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Simple_Rain_Sensor_Alarm_Circuit_using_a_Single_Transistor.jpg/440px-Simple_Rain_Sensor_Alarm_Circuit_using_a_Single_Transistor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Electronic components used to make a simple water detector: <a href="/wiki/Nine-volt_battery" title="Nine-volt battery">battery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Resistor" title="Resistor">resistor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Water sensor">water sensor</a> and piezoelectric <a href="/wiki/Buzzer" title="Buzzer">buzzer</a> for audible alert</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>water detector</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Electronics" title="Electronics">electronic</a> <a href="/wiki/Machine" title="Machine">device</a> that is designed to detect the presence of water for purposes such as to provide an alert in time to allow the prevention of <a href="/wiki/Water_leakage" class="mw-redirect" title="Water leakage">water leakage</a>. A common design is a small cable or device that lies flat on a floor and relies on the <a href="/wiki/Electrical_conductivity" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical conductivity">electrical conductivity</a> of water to decrease the resistance across two contacts. The device then sounds an audible <a href="/wiki/Alarm" class="mw-redirect" title="Alarm">alarm</a> together with providing onward signaling in the presence of enough water to bridge the contacts. These are useful in a normally occupied area near any infrastructure that has the potential to leak water, such as <a href="/wiki/HVAC" class="mw-redirect" title="HVAC">HVAC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_pipes" class="mw-redirect" title="Water pipes">water pipes</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drain_pipes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drain pipes (page does not exist)">drain pipes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vending_machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Vending machines">vending machines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">dehumidifiers</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">water tanks</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water_leak_detection">Water leak detection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_detector&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Water leak detection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Water leak detection is an expression more commonly used for larger, integrated systems installed in modern buildings or those containing valuable artifacts, materials or other critical assets where early notification of a potentially damaging leak would be beneficial. In particular, water leak detection has become a necessity in data centers, trading floors, banks, archives and other mission-critical infrastructure. </p><p>The water leak detection industry is small and specialized with only a few manufacturers operating worldwide. The original application was in the void created by "computer room" floors in the days of large main-frame computer systems. These use a modular, raised floor based around a structural "floor tile" usually 600 mm square and supported at the corners by pedestals. The void created gave easy access and routing for the mass of power, networking and other interconnecting cables associated with larger computer systems - processors, drives, routers etc. mainframe computers also generated large amounts of heat so a void under the floor could also be used as a plenum to distribute and diffuse chilled air around the computer room. The void therefore was likely to have chilled water pipes running through it along with the drains for condensates associated with refrigeration plant. In addition, designers found the floor void a very convenient place to route other wet services feeding bathrooms, radiators and other facilities. </p><p>A leak occurring within a floor void would therefore go unnoticed until the hydrostatic head of pressure meant that the water found its way through to floors below where its dripping through the ceiling would be noted or, and more disconcerting, the water would penetrate the joints and connectors of the power or network cabling and cause system failure from short circuit. </p><p>Current digital water leak detection systems can locate multiple water leaks to within 1 meter resolution over a complex network of cables running several kilometers. This functionality reduces the downtime and potential damage caused by inaccurate reporting that was common with older analogue based systems. </p><p>Water leak detection systems can be integrated with <a href="/wiki/Building_automation" title="Building automation">Building Management Systems</a> using multiple protocols such as <a href="/wiki/Modbus" title="Modbus">Modbus</a>. Using SNMP protocols leak detection systems can inform IT staff in charge of monitoring data center and server rooms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Integrated_multi-zone_systems">Integrated multi-zone systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_detector&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Integrated multi-zone systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The computer room therefore became the early application for systems which would alert the operator to a leaking pipe in sufficient time for remedial action to be taken to prevent a disaster. </p><p>As computer rooms could be quite large simple "point of use" detectors were not really appropriate although Point Sensors do have value where simple, single point detection is required in, say, basements and sumps. Most modern leak detection systems developed around the use of a water sensitive cable<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which can be laid in long lengths and complex patterns around the base of the floor; around the perimeter of rooms; as a "barrier" over which water has to flow; following, tracing or attached directly to lines of water pipes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_application">General application</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_detector&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: General application"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The mainframe computer room has largely been replaced with the Data Centre but the application has remained with almost universal use of "computer-room" style raised floors in nearly all new commercial and office construction. To warrant the installation of leak detection the operator has to perceive the risk in addition to the circumstances but most Mechanical and Electrical Design Engineers will take a view of the risk of damage from a leak in terms of effect on the client's own operations, services and assets and, often as important, those of their adjoining neighbours and those on floors below. </p><p>The installation of leak detection systems is therefore becoming more commonplace in most new commercial office construction schemes along with the more obvious targets of museums, galleries and archives. </p><p>Leak detection systems must be unobtrusive, effective and robust enough to withstand getting dirty and the moderate physical abuse of other works being carried out under the same floor. </p><p>Zoned systems have a reputation for being safe, reliable and not prone to the same types of false alarms which those systems which use cumulative resistance techniques. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moisture_Detection_in_Buildings_with_TDR.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Moisture detection in buildings with time-domain reflectometry (TDR)"><img alt="Moisture detection in buildings with time-domain reflectometry (TDR)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Moisture_Detection_in_Buildings_with_TDR.png/120px-Moisture_Detection_in_Buildings_with_TDR.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Moisture_Detection_in_Buildings_with_TDR.png/180px-Moisture_Detection_in_Buildings_with_TDR.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Moisture_Detection_in_Buildings_with_TDR.png/240px-Moisture_Detection_in_Buildings_with_TDR.png 2x" data-file-width="1596" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Moisture detection in buildings with <a href="/wiki/Time-domain_reflectometry" class="mw-redirect" title="Time-domain reflectometry">time-domain reflectometry</a> (TDR)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water-leak-detection-system-500x500.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Water leak detection instrument"><img alt="Water leak detection instrument" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Water-leak-detection-system-500x500.jpg/120px-Water-leak-detection-system-500x500.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Water-leak-detection-system-500x500.jpg/180px-Water-leak-detection-system-500x500.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Water-leak-detection-system-500x500.jpg/240px-Water-leak-detection-system-500x500.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Water leak detection instrument</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Water_detector.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Water detector"><img alt="Water detector" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Water_detector.jpg/90px-Water_detector.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Water_detector.jpg/135px-Water_detector.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Water_detector.jpg/180px-Water_detector.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4128" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Water detector</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_detector&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wi-ltd.com/safety/Flood_and_Leak_Detection/Systems/Flood_Detection_System">"Westminster Group PLC"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Westminster+Group+PLC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wi-ltd.com%2Fsafety%2FFlood_and_Leak_Detection%2FSystems%2FFlood_Detection_System&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWater+detector" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_table" title="Water table">Water table</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well" title="Well">Well</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brazing" title="Brazing">Brazing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">British Standard Pipe</a> (BSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast_iron_pipe" title="Cast iron pipe">Cast iron pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_drain_cleaners" title="Chemical drain cleaners">Chemical drain cleaners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compression_fitting" title="Compression fitting">Compression fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_tubing" title="Copper tubing">Copper tubing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimp_(joining)" title="Crimp (joining)">Crimp (joining)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system" title="Drain-waste-vent system">Drain-waste-vent system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ductile_iron_pipe" title="Ductile iron pipe">Ductile iron pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flare_fitting" title="Flare fitting">Flare fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_hose_thread" class="mw-redirect" title="Garden hose thread">Garden Hose Thread</a> (GHT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gasket" title="Gasket">Gasket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydronics" title="Hydronics">Hydronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak_detection" title="Leak detection">Leak detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pipe_Thread" class="mw-redirect" title="National Pipe Thread">National Pipe Thread</a> (NPT)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nominal_Pipe_Size" title="Nominal Pipe Size">Nominal Pipe Size</a> (NPS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">O-ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakum" title="Oakum">Oakum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_(fluid_conveyance)" title="Pipe (fluid conveyance)">Pipe (fluid conveyance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_dope" title="Pipe dope">Pipe dope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_support" title="Pipe support">Pipe support</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastic_pipework" title="Plastic pipework">Plastic pipework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push-to-pull_compression_fittings" title="Push-to-pull compression fittings">Push-to-pull compression fittings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Putty" title="Putty">Putty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sealant" title="Sealant">Sealant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_pumping" title="Sewage pumping">Sewage pumping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soldering" title="Soldering">Soldering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solvent_welding" class="mw-redirect" title="Solvent welding">Solvent welding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swaging" title="Swaging">Swaging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thread_seal_tape" title="Thread seal tape">Thread seal tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threaded_pipe" title="Threaded pipe">Threaded pipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tube_bending" title="Tube bending">Tube bending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_heat_recycling" title="Water heat recycling">Water heat recycling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_vacuum_breaker" title="Atmospheric vacuum breaker">Atmospheric vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_bleeding_valve" title="Automatic bleeding valve">Automatic bleeding valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automatic_faucet" title="Automatic faucet">Automatic faucet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backflow_prevention_device" title="Backflow prevention device">Backflow prevention device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ball_valve" title="Ball valve">Ball valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleed_screw" title="Bleed screw">Bleed screw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booster_pump" title="Booster pump">Booster pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butterfly_valve" title="Butterfly valve">Butterfly valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Check_valve" title="Check valve">Check valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemigation_valve" title="Chemigation valve">Chemigation valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_pump" title="Chopper pump">Chopper pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circulator_pump" title="Circulator pump">Circulator pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cistern" title="Cistern">Cistern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closet_flange" title="Closet flange">Closet flange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concentric_reducer" title="Concentric reducer">Concentric reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Condensate_pump" title="Condensate pump">Condensate pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupling_(piping)" title="Coupling (piping)">Coupling (piping)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diaphragm_valve" title="Diaphragm valve">Diaphragm valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dielectric_union" class="mw-redirect" title="Dielectric union">Dielectric union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_check_valve" title="Double check valve">Double check valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccentric_reducer" title="Eccentric reducer">Eccentric reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expansion_tank" title="Expansion tank">Expansion tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faucet_aerator" title="Faucet aerator">Faucet aerator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_switch" title="Float switch">Float switch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Float_valve" class="mw-redirect" title="Float valve">Float valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_drain" title="Floor drain">Floor drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_limiter" title="Flow limiter">Flow limiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushing_trough" title="Flushing trough">Flushing trough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flushometer" title="Flushometer">Flushometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_valve" title="Gate valve">Gate valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Globe_valve" title="Globe valve">Globe valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grease_trap" title="Grease trap">Grease trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grinder_pump" title="Grinder pump">Grinder pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hose_coupling" title="Hose coupling">Hose coupling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manifold_(fluid_mechanics)" title="Manifold (fluid mechanics)">Manifold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_valve" title="Needle valve">Needle valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipple_(plumbing)" title="Nipple (plumbing)">Nipple (plumbing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinch_valve" title="Pinch valve">Pinch valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting" title="Piping and plumbing fitting">Piping and plumbing fitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plug_(sanitation)" title="Plug (sanitation)">Plug (sanitation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_regulator" title="Pressure regulator">Pressure regulator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_vacuum_breaker" title="Pressure vacuum breaker">Pressure vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure-balanced_valve" title="Pressure-balanced valve">Pressure-balanced valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pump" title="Pump">Pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiator_(heating)" title="Radiator (heating)">Radiator (heating)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_pressure_zone_device" title="Reduced pressure zone device">Reduced pressure zone device</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reducer" class="mw-redirect" title="Reducer">Reducer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relief_valve" title="Relief valve">Relief valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riser_clamp" title="Riser clamp">Riser clamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rooftop_water_tower" title="Rooftop water tower">Rooftop water tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safety_valve" title="Safety valve">Safety valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewage_pump" class="mw-redirect" title="Sewage pump">Sewage pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_elbow" title="Street elbow">Street elbow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Submersible_pump" title="Submersible pump">Submersible pump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tap_(valve)" title="Tap (valve)">Tap (valve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermostatic_mixing_valve" title="Thermostatic mixing valve">Thermostatic mixing valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trench_drain" title="Trench drain">Trench drain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_breaker" title="Vacuum breaker">Vacuum breaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vacuum_ejector" title="Vacuum ejector">Vacuum ejector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valve" title="Valve">Valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_tank" title="Water tank">Water tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_valve" title="Zone valve">Zone valve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_fixture" title="Plumbing fixture">Plumbing fixtures</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accessible_bathtub" title="Accessible bathtub">Accessible bathtub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub" title="Bathtub">Bathtub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bidet" title="Bidet">Bidet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehumidifier" title="Dehumidifier">Dehumidifier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dishwasher" title="Dishwasher">Dishwasher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_fountain" title="Drinking fountain">Drinking fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_water_boiler" title="Electric water boiler">Electric water boiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooler" title="Evaporative cooler">Evaporative cooler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flush_toilet" title="Flush toilet">Flush toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garbage_disposal_unit" title="Garbage disposal unit">Garbage disposal 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control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Control_valve" title="Control valve">Control valve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flow_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Flow sensor">Flow sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pressure_sensor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pressure sensor">Pressure sensor</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Water detector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_metering" title="Water metering">Water metering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Professions,<br />trades,<br />and services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hydronic_balancing" title="Hydronic balancing">Hydronic balancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrostatic_testing" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrostatic testing">Hydrostatic testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leak_detection" title="Leak detection">Leak detection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical,_and_plumbing" title="Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing">Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipe_marking" title="Pipe marking">Pipe marking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipefitter" title="Pipefitter">Pipefitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipelayer" title="Pipelayer">Pipelayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumber" title="Plumber">Plumber</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry <br />organizations <br />and standards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Plumbing_and_Mechanical_Officials" class="mw-redirect" title="International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials">International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NSF_International" title="NSF International">NSF International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_%26_Drainage_Institute" title="Plumbing & Drainage Institute">Plumbing & Drainage Institute (PDI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_Plumbing_Code" title="Uniform Plumbing Code">Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Plumbing_Council" title="World Plumbing Council">World Plumbing Council (WPC)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health and safety</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plumbing_code" title="Plumbing code">Plumbing code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalding" title="Scalding">Scalding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterborne_disease" title="Waterborne disease">Waterborne disease</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align: middle;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fire_sprinkler_system" title="Fire sprinkler system">Fire sprinkler system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piping" title="Piping">Piping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:HVAC" title="Template:HVAC">Template:HVAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_health" title="Template:Public health">Template:Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Sewerage" title="Template:Sewerage">Template:Sewerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Toilets" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Toilets">Template:Toilets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Wastewater" title="Template:Wastewater">Template:Wastewater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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