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</div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Characters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Of_Malpais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Of_Malpais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Of Malpais</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Of_Malpais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Background_figures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background_figures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Background figures</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background_figures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources_of_names_and_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources_of_names_and_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Sources of names and references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources_of_names_and_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reception subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Common_misunderstandings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Common_misunderstandings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Common misunderstandings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Common_misunderstandings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_World_State_and_Fordism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_World_State_and_Fordism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>The World State and Fordism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_World_State_and_Fordism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Comparisons_with_George_Orwell's_Nineteen_Eighty-Four" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparisons_with_George_Orwell's_Nineteen_Eighty-Four"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Comparisons with George Orwell's <i>Nineteen Eighty-Four</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparisons_with_George_Orwell's_Nineteen_Eighty-Four-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brave_New_World_Revisited" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brave_New_World_Revisited"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span><i>Brave New World Revisited</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brave_New_World_Revisited-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Censorship" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Censorship"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Censorship</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Censorship-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Influences_and_allegations_of_plagiarism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Influences_and_allegations_of_plagiarism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Influences and allegations of plagiarism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Influences_and_allegations_of_plagiarism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Theatre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theatre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Theatre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theatre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Radio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.2</span> <span>General bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Brave New World</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 53 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-53" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">53 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brave New World" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B9" title="عالم جديد شجاع – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="عالم جديد شجاع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C9%99sur_yeni_d%C3%BCnya" title="Cəsur yeni dünya – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Cəsur yeni dünya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AD_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89_%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A1" title="ব্রেইভ নিউ ওয়ার্ল্ড – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রেইভ নিউ ওয়ার্ল্ড" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82" title="Прекрасният нов свят – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Прекрасният нов свят" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrli_novi_svijet" title="Vrli novi svijet – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Vrli novi svijet" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_m%C3%B3n_feli%C3%A7" title="Un món feliç – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Un món feliç" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konec_civilizace" title="Konec civilizace – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Konec civilizace" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brave New World" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagre_nye_verden" title="Fagre nye verden – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fagre nye verden" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6ne_neue_Welt" title="Schöne neue Welt – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schöne neue Welt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hea_uus_ilm" title="Hea uus ilm – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Hea uus ilm" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%98%CE%B1%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%83%CF%84%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Θαυμαστός καινούργιος κόσμος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Θαυμαστός καινούργιος κόσμος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_mundo_feliz" title="Un mundo feliz – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Un mundo feliz" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brava_Nova_Mondo" title="Brava Nova Mondo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Brava Nova Mondo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bai_mundu_berria" title="Bai mundu berria – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bai mundu berria" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%B4%D9%86%DA%AF_%D9%86%D9%88" title="دنیای قشنگ نو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دنیای قشنگ نو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Meilleur_des_mondes" title="Le Meilleur des mondes – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Meilleur des mondes" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brave New World" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un_feliz_mundo_novo" title="Un feliz mundo novo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Un feliz mundo novo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A9%8B%EC%A7%84_%EC%8B%A0%EC%84%B8%EA%B3%84" title="멋진 신세계 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="멋진 신세계" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%89%D6%84%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B2_%D5%B6%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0" title="Չքնաղ նոր աշխարհ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Չքնաղ նոր աշխարհ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%82_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="ब्रेव न्यू वर्ल्ड – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ब्रेव न्यू वर्ल्ड" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vrli_novi_svijet" title="Vrli novi svijet – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Vrli novi svijet" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World_(novel)" title="Brave New World (novel) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brave New World (novel)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C3%B6ld_n%C3%BD_og_g%C3%B3%C3%B0" title="Veröld ný og góð – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Veröld ný og góð" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_mondo_nuovo" title="Il mondo nuovo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il mondo nuovo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9D_%D7%97%D7%93%D7%A9_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90" title="עולם חדש מופלא – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עולם חדש מופלא" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D%E1%83%AA%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%90%E1%83%AE%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A7%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="საოცარი ახალი სამყარო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საოცარი ახალი სამყარო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D1%80%D3%A9%D0%BA_%D0%B6%D0%B0%D2%A3%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D2%AF%D0%B9%D0%BD%D3%A9" title="Эр жүрөк жаңы дүйнө – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Эр жүрөк жаңы дүйнө" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sz%C3%A9p_%C3%BAj_vil%C3%A1g" title="Szép új világ – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szép új világ" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Храбар нов свет – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Храбар нов свет" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World_(roman)" title="Brave New World (roman) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brave New World (roman)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%81%99%E3%81%B0%E3%82%89%E3%81%97%E3%81%84%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="すばらしい新世界 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="すばらしい新世界" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vidunderlige_nye_verden" title="Vidunderlige nye verden – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Vidunderlige nye verden" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_Mond_n%C3%B2u" title="Brave Mond nòu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Brave Mond nòu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajib_yangi_dunyo" title="Ajib yangi dunyo – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ajib yangi dunyo" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%A1" title="ਬ੍ਰੇਵ ਨਿਊ ਵਰਲਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬ੍ਰੇਵ ਨਿਊ ਵਰਲਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_wspania%C5%82y_%C5%9Bwiat" title="Nowy wspaniały świat – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowy wspaniały świat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Admir%C3%A1vel_Mundo_Novo" title="Admirável Mundo Novo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Admirável Mundo Novo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minunata_lume_nou%C4%83" title="Minunata lume nouă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Minunata lume nouă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80" title="О дивный новый мир – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="О дивный новый мир" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Brave New World" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasni_novi_svet" title="Krasni novi svet – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krasni novi svet" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B5%D1%82" title="Врли нови свијет – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Врли нови свијет" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brave New World" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uljas_uusi_maailma" title="Uljas uusi maailma – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Uljas uusi maailma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Du_sk%C3%B6na_nya_v%C3%A4rld" title="Du sköna nya värld – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Du sköna nya värld" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B9%8C" title="โลกวิไลซ์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โลกวิไลซ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesur_Yeni_D%C3%BCnya" title="Cesur Yeni Dünya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Cesur Yeni Dünya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82" title="Прекрасний новий світ – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Прекрасний новий світ" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%BA%97%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="美麗新世界 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="美麗新世界" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E9%BA%97%E6%96%B0%E4%B8%96%E7%95%8C" title="美麗新世界 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美麗新世界" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191949#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1932 dystopian science fiction novel by Aldous Huxley</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the novel. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Brave New World (disambiguation)">Brave New World (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"John the Savage" redirects here. Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/John_Savage_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="John Savage (disambiguation)">John Savage</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title" style="font-size:125%; font-style:italic; padding-bottom:0.2em;">Brave New World <span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World&rft.author=%5B%5BAldous+Huxley%5D%5D&rft.date=February+4%2C+1932&rft.pub=%5B%5BChatto+%26+Windus%5D%5D&rft.place=United+Kingdom&rft.pages=311+%281932+ed.%29%3Cbr+%2F%3E63%2C766+words&rft_id=info:oclcnum/20156268"></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:BraveNewWorld_FirstEdition.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/BraveNewWorld_FirstEdition.jpg/220px-BraveNewWorld_FirstEdition.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/62/BraveNewWorld_FirstEdition.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="258" data-file-height="387" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">First edition</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Author</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cover artist</th><td class="infobox-data">Leslie Holland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">dystopian fiction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publisher</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Publication date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">February 4, 1932<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Publication place</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pages</th><td class="infobox-data">311 (1932 ed.)<br />63,766 words<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Le Monde's 100 Books of the Century</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)"><abbr title="Online Computer Library Center number">OCLC</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/20156268">20156268</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Text</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20160545">Brave New World</a></i> online</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Brave New World</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction#Dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">dystopian novel</a> by English author <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>, written in 1931 and published in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Largely set in a futuristic World State, whose citizens are environmentally engineered into an intelligence-based <a href="/wiki/Social_hierarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="Social hierarchy">social hierarchy</a>, the novel anticipates huge scientific advancements in <a href="/wiki/Reproductive_technology" title="Reproductive technology">reproductive technology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sleep-learning" title="Sleep-learning">sleep-learning</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psychological_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological manipulation">psychological manipulation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Classical_conditioning" title="Classical conditioning">classical conditioning</a> that are combined to make a <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopian society</a> which is challenged by the story's protagonist. Huxley followed this book with a reassessment in <a href="/wiki/Essay" title="Essay">essay</a> form, <i><a href="#Brave_New_World_Revisited">Brave New World Revisited</a></i> (1958), and with his final novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Island_(Huxley_novel)" title="Island (Huxley novel)">Island</a></i> (1962), the <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopian</a> counterpart. This novel is often compared as an inversion counterpart to <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">1984</a></i> (1949). </p><p>In 1998 and 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library" title="Modern Library">Modern Library</a> ranked <i>Brave New World</i> at number 5 on its list of the <a href="/wiki/Modern_Library%27s_100_Best_Novels" title="Modern Library's 100 Best Novels">100 Best Novels in English of the 20th century</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Robert_McCrum" title="Robert McCrum">Robert McCrum</a>, writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i>, included <i>Brave New World</i> chronologically at number 53 in "the top 100 greatest novels of all time",<sup id="cite_ref-McCrum_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCrum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the novel was listed at number 87 on <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Read" title="The Big Read">The Big Read</a> survey by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_–_The_Big_Read_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_–_The_Big_Read-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Brave New World</i> has frequently been banned and challenged since its original publication. It has landed on the American Library Association list of top 100 banned and challenged books of the decade since the association began the list in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Title">Title</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Title"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The title <i>Brave New World</i> derives from <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i>, Act V, Scene I, <a href="/wiki/Miranda_(The_Tempest)" title="Miranda (The Tempest)">Miranda</a>'s speech:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><div class="poem"> <p>O wonder!<br /> How many goodly creatures are there here!<br /> How beauteous mankind is! O <b>brave new world</b>,<br /> That has such people in 't. </p> </div><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>William Shakespeare, <i>The Tempest</i>, Act V, Scene I, ll. 203–206<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote><p> Shakespeare's use of the phrase is intended ironically, as the speaker is failing to recognise the evil nature of the island's visitors because of her innocence.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, the next speaker—Miranda's father Prospero—replies to her innocent observation with the statement <span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>'Tis new to thee." </p><p>Translations of the title often allude to similar expressions used in domestic works of literature: the French edition of the work is entitled <i>Le Meilleur des mondes</i> (<i>The Best of All Worlds</i>), an allusion to an expression used by the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Gottfried_Leibniz" class="mw-redirect" title="Gottfried Leibniz">Gottfried Leibniz</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and satirised in <i><a href="/wiki/Candide" title="Candide">Candide, Ou l'Optimisme</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Voltaire" title="Voltaire">Voltaire</a> (1759). The first <a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Chinese</a> translation, done by novelist Lily Hsueh and Aaron Jen-wang Hsueh in 1974, is entitled "美麗新世界" (<a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>Měilì Xīn Shìjiè</i>, literally "<i>Beautiful New World</i>"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Huxley wrote <i>Brave New World</i> whilst living in <a href="/wiki/Sanary-sur-Mer" title="Sanary-sur-Mer">Sanary-sur-Mer</a>, France, in the four months from May to August 1931.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time, Huxley had established himself as a writer and social satirist. He was a contributor to <i><a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(American_magazine_1913-1936)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanity Fair (American magazine 1913-1936)">Vanity Fair</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Vogue_(magazine)" title="Vogue (magazine)">Vogue</a></i> magazines and had published a collection of his poetry (<i>The Burning Wheel</i>, 1916) and four satirical novels, <i><a href="/wiki/Crome_Yellow" title="Crome Yellow">Crome Yellow</a></i> (1921), <i><a href="/wiki/Antic_Hay" title="Antic Hay">Antic Hay</a></i> (1923), <i><a href="/wiki/Those_Barren_Leaves" title="Those Barren Leaves">Those Barren Leaves</a></i> (1925) and <i><a href="/wiki/Point_Counter_Point" title="Point Counter Point">Point Counter Point</a></i> (1928). <i>Brave New World</i> was Huxley's fifth novel and first <a href="/wiki/Dystopia" title="Dystopia">dystopian</a> work. </p><p>A short passage in <i>Crome Yellow</i> foreshadows <i>Brave New World</i>, showing that Huxley had such a future in mind already in 1921. Mr. Scogan, one of the earlier book's characters, describes an "impersonal generation" of the future that will "take the place of Nature's hideous system. In vast state incubators, rows upon rows of gravid bottles will supply the world with the population it requires. The family system will disappear; society, sapped at its very base, will have to find new foundations; and Eros, beautifully and irresponsibly free, will flit like a gay butterfly from flower to flower through a sunlit world". </p><p>Huxley said that <i>Brave New World</i> was inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">utopian</a> novels of <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, including <i><a href="/wiki/A_Modern_Utopia" title="A Modern Utopia">A Modern Utopia</a></i> (1905), and as a parody of <i><a href="/wiki/Men_Like_Gods" title="Men Like Gods">Men Like Gods</a></i> (1923).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wells' hopeful vision of the future gave Huxley the idea to begin writing a parody of the novels, which became <i>Brave New World</i>. He wrote in a letter to Mrs. Arthur Goldsmith, an American acquaintance, that he had "been having a little fun pulling the leg of H. G. Wells" but then he "got caught up in the excitement of [his] own ideas".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike the most popular optimistic utopian novels of the time, Huxley sought to provide a frightening vision of the future. Huxley referred to <i>Brave New World</i> as a "negative utopia", somewhat influenced by Wells's own <i><a href="/wiki/The_Sleeper_Awakes" title="The Sleeper Awakes">The Sleeper Awakes</a></i> (dealing with subjects like corporate tyranny and behavioural conditioning) and the works of <a href="/wiki/D._H._Lawrence" title="D. H. Lawrence">D. H. Lawrence</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For his part Wells published, two years after <i>Brave New World</i>, his Utopian <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shape_of_Things_to_Come" title="The Shape of Things to Come">Shape of Things to Come</a></i>. Seeking to rebut the argument of Huxley's Mustapha Mond—that moronic underclasses were a necessary "social gyroscope" and that a society composed solely of intelligent, assertive "Alphas" would inevitably disintegrate in internecine struggle—Wells depicted a stable egalitarian society emerging after several generations of a reforming elite having complete control of education throughout the world. In the future depicted in Wells' book, posterity remembers Huxley as "a reactionary writer".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scientific futurism in <i>Brave New World</i> is believed to be appropriated from <i><a href="/wiki/Daedalus;_or,_Science_and_the_Future" title="Daedalus; or, Science and the Future">Daedalus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> by <a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">J. B. S. Haldane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The events of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Great Depression in the United Kingdom">Great Depression</a> in Britain in 1931, with its mass unemployment and the abandonment of the gold standard, persuaded Huxley to assert that stability was the "primal and ultimate need" if civilisation was to survive the present crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Brave New World</i> character Mustapha Mond, Resident World Controller of Western Europe, is named after Sir <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mond,_1st_Baron_Melchett" title="Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett">Alfred Mond</a>. Shortly before writing the novel, Huxley visited the <a href="/wiki/Billingham_Manufacturing_Plant" title="Billingham Manufacturing Plant">Billingham Manufacturing Plant</a>, Mond's technologically advanced factory near <a href="/wiki/Billingham" title="Billingham">Billingham</a>, north-east England, and it made a great impression on him.<sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: xxii">: xxii </span></sup> </p><p>Huxley used the setting and characters in his science fiction novel to express widely felt anxieties, particularly the fear of losing individual identity in the fast-paced world of the future. An early trip to the United States gave <i>Brave New World</i> much of its character. Huxley was outraged by the culture of youth, commercial cheeriness, sexual promiscuity and the inward-looking nature of many Americans; he had also found the book <i>My Life and Work</i> by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> on the boat to America and he saw the book's principles applied in everything he encountered after leaving San Francisco.</ref><sup id="cite_ref-Bradshaw_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bradshaw-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: viii">: viii </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The novel opens in the <a href="/wiki/World_government" title="World government">World State</a> city of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in AF (After Ford) 632 (AD 2540 in the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>), where citizens are engineered through <a href="/wiki/Artificial_uterus" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial uterus">artificial wombs</a> and childhood indoctrination programmes into predetermined <a href="/wiki/Social_class" title="Social class">classes</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Caste" title="Caste">castes</a>) based on intelligence and labour. Lenina Crowne, a hatchery worker, is popular and sexually desirable, but Bernard Marx, a psychologist, is not. He is shorter in stature than the average member of his high caste, which gives him an <a href="/wiki/Inferiority_complex" title="Inferiority complex">inferiority complex</a>. His work with <a href="/wiki/Hypnopaedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypnopaedia">sleep-learning</a> allows him to understand, and disapprove of, his society's methods of keeping its citizens peaceful, which includes their constant consumption of a soothing, happiness-producing drug called "soma". Courting disaster, Bernard is vocal and arrogant about his criticisms, and his boss contemplates exiling him to <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> because of his nonconformity. His only friend is Helmholtz Watson, a gifted writer who finds it difficult to use his talents creatively in their pain-free society. </p><p>Bernard takes a holiday with Lenina outside the World State to a Savage Reservation in <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>, in which the two observe <a href="/wiki/Childbirth" title="Childbirth">natural-born</a> people, disease, the ageing process, other languages, and religious lifestyles for the first time. The culture of the village folk resembles the contemporary Native American groups of the region, descendants of the <a href="/wiki/Ancestral_Puebloans" title="Ancestral Puebloans">Anasazi</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Puebloan_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Puebloan peoples">Puebloan peoples</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hopi_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Hopi people">Hopi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zuni_people" title="Zuni people">Zuni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bernard and Lenina witness a violent public ritual and then encounter Linda, a woman originally from the World State who is living on the reservation with her son John, now a young man. She, too, visited the reservation on a holiday many years ago, but became separated from her group and was left behind. She had meanwhile become pregnant by a fellow holidaymaker (who is revealed to be Bernard's boss, the Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning). She did not try to return to the World State, because of her shame at her pregnancy. Despite spending his whole life in the reservation, John has never been accepted by the villagers, and his and Linda's lives have been hard and unpleasant. Linda has taught John to read, although from the only book in her possession—a scientific manual—and another book John found: the complete works of Shakespeare. Ostracised by the villagers, John is able to articulate his feelings only in terms of Shakespearean drama, quoting often from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>. Linda now wants to return to London, and John, too, wants to see this "brave new world" that his mother so often praised. Bernard sees an opportunity to thwart plans to exile him, and gets permission to take Linda and John back. On their return to London, John meets the Director and calls him his "father", a vulgarity which causes a roar of laughter. The humiliated Director resigns in shame before he can follow through with exiling Bernard. </p><p>Bernard, as "custodian" of the "savage" John who is now treated as a celebrity, is fawned on by the highest members of society and revels in attention he once scorned. Bernard's popularity is fleeting, though, and he becomes envious that John only really bonds with the literary-minded Helmholtz. Considered hideous and friendless, Linda spends all her time using soma, which she craved for so long, while John refuses to attend social events organised by Bernard, appalled by what he perceives to be an empty society. Lenina and John are physically attracted to each other, but John's view of courtship and romance, based on Shakespeare's writings, is utterly incompatible with Lenina's freewheeling attitude to sex. She tries to seduce him, but he attacks her, before suddenly being informed that his mother is on her deathbed. He rushes to Linda's bedside, causing a scandal, as this is not the "correct" attitude to death. Some children who enter the ward for "death-conditioning" come across as disrespectful to John, and he attacks one physically. He then tries to break up a distribution of soma to a lower-caste group, telling them that he is freeing them. Helmholtz and Bernard rush in to stop the ensuing riot, which the police quell by spraying soma vapor into the crowd. </p><p>Bernard, Helmholtz, and John are all brought before Mustapha Mond, the "Resident World Controller for Western Europe", who tells Bernard and Helmholtz that they are to be exiled to islands for antisocial activity. Bernard pleads for a second chance, but Helmholtz welcomes the opportunity to be a true individual, and chooses the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a> as his destination, believing that <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_the_Falkland_Islands" title="Climate of the Falkland Islands">their bad weather</a> will inspire his writing. Mond tells Helmholtz that exile is actually a reward. The islands are full of the most interesting people in the world, individuals who did not fit into the social model of the World State. Mond outlines for John the events that led to the present society and his arguments for a caste system and social control. John rejects Mond's arguments, and Mond sums up John's views by claiming that John demands "the right to be unhappy". John asks if he may go to the islands as well, but Mond refuses, saying he wishes to see what happens to John next. </p><p>Jaded with his new life, John moves to an abandoned hilltop lighthouse, near the village of <a href="/wiki/Puttenham,_Surrey" title="Puttenham, Surrey">Puttenham</a>, where he intends to adopt a solitary <a href="/wiki/Ascetic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ascetic">ascetic</a> lifestyle in order to purify himself of civilization, practising <a href="/wiki/Self-flagellation" title="Self-flagellation">self-flagellation</a>. This draws reporters and eventually hundreds of amazed sightseers, <a href="/wiki/Rubbernecking" title="Rubbernecking">hoping to witness</a> his bizarre behaviour. </p><p>For a while it seems that John might be left alone, after the public's attention is drawn to other diversions, but a documentary maker has secretly filmed John's self-flagellation from a distance, and when released the documentary causes an international sensation. Helicopters arrive with more journalists. Crowds of people descend on John's retreat, demanding that he perform his whipping ritual for them. From one helicopter a young woman emerges who is implied to be Lenina. John, at the sight of a woman he both adores and loathes, whips at her in a fury and then turns the whip on himself, exciting the crowd, whose wild behaviour transforms into a soma-fuelled orgy. The next morning John awakes on the ground and is consumed by remorse over his participation in the night's events. </p><p>That evening, a swarm of helicopters appears on the horizon, the story of last night's orgy having been in all the papers. The first onlookers and reporters to arrive find that John is dead, having hanged himself. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Bernard Marx</b>, a sleep-learning specialist at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. Although Bernard is an Alpha-Plus (the upper class of the society), he is a misfit. He is unusually short for an Alpha; an alleged accident with alcohol in Bernard's blood-surrogate before his decanting has left him slightly stunted. Unlike his fellow utopians, Bernard is often angry, resentful, and jealous. At times, he is also cowardly and hypocritical. His conditioning is clearly incomplete. He does not enjoy communal sports, solidarity services, or promiscuous sex. He does not particularly enjoy soma. Bernard is in love with Lenina and does not like her sleeping with other men, even though "everyone belongs to everyone else". Bernard's triumphant return to utopian civilisation with John the Savage from the Reservation precipitates the downfall of the Director, who had been planning to exile him. Bernard's triumph is short-lived; he is ultimately banished to an island for his non-conformist behaviour. </p><p><b>John</b>, the illicit son of the Director and Linda, born and reared on the Savage Reservation ("Malpais") after Linda was unwittingly left behind by her errant lover. John ("the Savage" or "Mr. Savage", as he is often called) is an outsider both on the Reservation—where the natives still practice marriage, natural birth, family life and religion—and the ostensibly civilised World State, based on principles of stability and happiness. He has read nothing but the complete works of <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, which he quotes extensively, and, for the most part, aptly, though his allusion to the "Brave New World" (Miranda's words in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i>) takes on a darker and bitterly ironic resonance as the novel unfolds. John is intensely moral according to a code that he has been taught by Shakespeare and life in Malpais but is also naïve: his views are as imported into his own consciousness as are the <a href="/wiki/Hypnopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypnopedia">hypnopedic</a> messages of World State citizens. The admonishments of the men of Malpais taught him to regard his mother as a whore; but he cannot grasp that these were the same men who continually sought her out despite their supposedly sacred pledges of monogamy. Because he is unwanted in Malpais, he accepts the invitation to travel back to London and is initially astonished by the comforts of the World State. He remains committed to values that exist only in his poetry. He first spurns Lenina for failing to live up to his Shakespearean ideal and then the entire utopian society: he asserts that its technological wonders and consumerism are poor substitutes for individual freedom, human dignity and personal integrity. After his mother's death, he becomes deeply distressed with grief, surprising onlookers in the hospital. He then withdraws himself from society and attempts to purify himself of "sin" (desire), but is unable to do so. He finds himself gathering a lot of trouble for both his body and mind. He soon does not realise what is real or what is fake, what he does and what he does not do. Soon, everything he thinks about or feels just becomes blurred and unrecognizable. Finally he hangs himself in despair. </p><p><b>Helmholtz Watson</b>, a handsome and successful Alpha-Plus lecturer at the College of Emotional Engineering and a friend of Bernard. He feels unfulfilled writing endless propaganda doggerel, and the stifling conformism and <a href="/wiki/Philistinism" title="Philistinism">philistinism</a> of the World State make him restive. Helmholtz is ultimately exiled to the <a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a>—a cold asylum for disaffected Alpha-Plus non-conformists—after reading a heretical poem to his students on the virtues of solitude and helping John destroy some Deltas' rations of soma following Linda's death. Unlike Bernard, he takes his exile in his stride and comes to view it as an opportunity for inspiration in his writing. His first name derives from the German physicist <a href="/wiki/Hermann_von_Helmholtz" title="Hermann von Helmholtz">Hermann von Helmholtz</a>. </p><p><b>Lenina Crowne</b>, a young, beautiful foetus technician at the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre. Lenina Crowne is a Beta who enjoys being a Beta. She is a vaccination worker with beliefs and values that are in line with a citizen of the World State. She is part of the 30% of the female population that are not freemartins (sterile women). Lenina is promiscuous and popular but somewhat quirky in her society: she had a four-month relation with Henry Foster, choosing not to have sex with anyone but him for a period of time. She is basically happy and well-conditioned, using soma to suppress unwelcome emotions, as is expected. Lenina has a date with Bernard, to whom she feels ambivalently attracted, and she goes to the Reservation with him. On returning to civilisation, she tries and fails to seduce John the Savage. John loves and desires Lenina but he is repelled by her forwardness and the prospect of pre-marital sex, rejecting her as an "<a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/List_of_quotes_from_Shakespeare_in_Brave_New_World#Chapter_13" class="extiw" title="q:List of quotes from Shakespeare in Brave New World">impudent strumpet</a>". Lenina visits John at the lighthouse but he attacks her with a whip, unwittingly inciting onlookers to do the same. Her exact fate is left unspecified. </p><p><b>Mustapha Mond</b>, Resident World Controller of Western Europe, "His Fordship" Mustapha Mond presides over one of the ten zones of the World State, the global government set up after the cataclysmic Nine Years' War and great Economic Collapse. Sophisticated and good-natured, Mond is an urbane and hyperintelligent advocate of the World State and its ethos of "Community, Identity, Stability". Among the novel's characters, he is uniquely aware of the precise nature of the society he oversees and what it has given up to accomplish its gains. Mond argues that art, literature, and scientific freedom must be sacrificed to secure the ultimate <a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">utilitarian</a> goal of maximising societal happiness. He defends the caste system, behavioural conditioning, and the lack of personal freedom in the World State: these, he says, are a price worth paying for achieving social stability, the highest social virtue because it leads to lasting happiness. </p><p><b>Fanny Crowne</b>, Lenina Crowne's friend (they have the same last name because only ten thousand last names are in use in a World State comprising two billion people). Fanny voices the conventional values of her caste and society, particularly the importance of promiscuity: she advises Lenina that she should have more than one man in her life because it is unseemly to concentrate on just one. Fanny then warns Lenina away from a new lover whom she considers undeserving, yet she is ultimately supportive of the young woman's attraction to the savage John. </p><p><b>Henry Foster</b>, one of Lenina's many lovers, is a perfectly conventional Alpha male, casually discussing Lenina's body with his coworkers. His success with Lenina, and his casual attitude about it, infuriate the jealous Bernard. Henry ultimately proves himself every bit the ideal World State citizen, finding no courage to defend Lenina from John's assaults despite having maintained an uncommonly longstanding sexual relationship with her. </p><p><b>Benito Hoover</b>, another of Lenina's lovers. She remembers that he is particularly hairy when he takes his clothes off. </p><p>The <b>Director of Hatcheries and Conditioning (DHC)</b>, also known as <b>Thomas "Tomakin"</b>, is the administrator of the Central London Hatchery and Conditioning Centre, where he is a threatening figure who intends to exile Bernard to Iceland. His plans take an unexpected turn when Bernard returns from the Reservation with Linda (see below) and John, a child they both realise is actually his. This fact, scandalous and obscene in the World State, not because it was extramarital (which all sexual acts are), but because it was procreative, leads the Director to resign his post in shame. </p><p><b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Linda"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Linda</span></span></b>, John's mother, decanted as a Beta-Minus in the World State, originally worked in the DHC's Fertilizing Room, and subsequently lost during a storm while visiting the New Mexico Savage Reservation with the Director many years before the events of the novel. Despite following her usual precautions, Linda became pregnant with the Director's son during their time together and was therefore unable to return to the World State by the time that she found her way to Malpais. Having been conditioned to the promiscuous social norms of the World State, Linda finds herself at once popular with every man in the pueblo (because she is open to all sexual advances) and also reviled for the same reason, seen as a whore by the wives of the men who visit her and by the men themselves (who come to her nonetheless). Her only comforts there are <i>mescal</i> brought by Popé as well as <i><a href="/wiki/Peyote" title="Peyote">peyotl</a></i>. Linda is desperate to return to the World State and to soma, wanting nothing more from her remaining life than comfort until death. </p><p>The <b>Arch-Community-Songster</b>, the secular equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a> in the World State society. He takes personal offense when John refuses to attend Bernard's party. </p><p>The <b>Director of Crematoria and Phosphorus Reclamation</b>, one of the many disappointed, important figures to attend Bernard's party. </p><p>The <b>Warden</b>, an Alpha-Minus, the talkative chief administrator for the New Mexico Savage Reservation. He is blond, short, broad-shouldered, and has a booming voice.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Darwin Bonaparte</b>, a "big game photographer" (i.e., filmmaker) who films John flogging himself. Darwin Bonaparte became known for two works: "feely of the gorillas' wedding",<sup id="cite_ref-Brave_New_World_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brave_New_World-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "Sperm Whale's Love-life".<sup id="cite_ref-Brave_New_World_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brave_New_World-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He had already made a name for himself<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but still seeks more. He renews his fame by filming the savage, John, in his newest release "The Savage of Surrey".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His name alludes to <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>. </p><p><b>Dr. Shaw</b>, Bernard Marx's physician who consequently becomes the physician of both Linda and John. He prescribes a lethal dose of soma to Linda, which will stop her respiratory system from functioning in a span of one to two months, at her own behest but not without protest from John. Ultimately, they all agree that it is for the best, since denying her this request would cause more trouble for Society and Linda herself. </p><p><b>Dr. Gaffney</b>, <a href="/wiki/Provost_(education)" title="Provost (education)">Provost</a> of Eton, an Upper School for high-caste individuals. He shows Bernard and John around the classrooms, and the Hypnopaedic Control Room (used for behavioural conditioning through sleep learning). John asks if the students read Shakespeare but the Provost says the library contains only reference books because solitary activities, such as reading, are discouraged. </p><p><b>Miss Keate</b>, <a href="/wiki/Head_teacher" title="Head teacher">Head Mistress</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eton_College" title="Eton College">Eton</a> Upper School. Bernard fancies her, and arranges an assignation with her.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Others">Others</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Others"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Freemartin#Fictional_use" title="Freemartin">Freemartins</a>, women who have been deliberately made sterile by exposure to male hormones during foetal development but are still physically normal except for "the slightest tendency to grow beards". In the book, government policy requires freemartins to form 70% of the female population.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Of_Malpais">Of Malpais</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Of Malpais"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Popé, a native of Malpais. Although he reinforces the behaviour that causes hatred for Linda in Malpais by sleeping with her and bringing her <i><a href="/wiki/Mezcal" title="Mezcal">mescal</a></i>, he still holds the traditional beliefs of his tribe. In his early years John attempted to kill him, but Popé brushed off his attempt and sent him fleeing. He gave Linda a copy of the Complete Works of Shakespeare. (Historically, <a href="/wiki/Pop%C3%A9" title="Popé">Popé</a> or Po'pay was a <a href="/wiki/Tewa_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tewa people">Tewa</a> religious leader who led the <a href="/wiki/Pueblo_Revolt" title="Pueblo Revolt">Pueblo Revolt</a> in 1680 against <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spanish</a> colonial rule.)</li> <li>Mitsima, an elder tribal <a href="/wiki/Shaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaman">shaman</a> who also teaches John survival skills such as rudimentary ceramics (specifically <a href="/wiki/Coil_pot" class="mw-redirect" title="Coil pot">coil pots</a>, which were traditional to Native American tribes) and bow-making.</li> <li>Kiakimé, a native girl whom John fell for, but is instead eventually wed to another boy from Malpais.</li> <li>Kothlu, a native boy with whom Kiakimé is wed.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background_figures">Background figures</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Background figures"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These are non-fictional and factual characters who lived before the events in this book, but are of note in the novel: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a>, who has become a <a href="/wiki/Messianism" title="Messianism">messianic</a> figure to the <a href="/wiki/World_state_in_Brave_New_World" class="mw-redirect" title="World state in Brave New World">World State</a>. "Our Ford" is used in place of "Our Lord", as a credit to popularising the use of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigmund_Freud" title="Sigmund Freud">Sigmund Freud</a>, "Our Freud" is sometimes said in place of "Our Ford" because Freud's psychoanalytic method depends implicitly upon the rules of classical conditioning,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and because Freud popularised the idea that sexual activity is essential to human happiness. (It is also strongly implied that citizens of the World State believe Freud and Ford to be the same person.)<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>, "Dr. Wells", British writer and <a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">utopian socialist</a>, whose book <i><a href="/wiki/Men_Like_Gods" title="Men Like Gods">Men Like Gods</a></i> was a motivation for <i>Brave New World</i>. "All's well that ends Wells", wrote Huxley in his letters, criticising Wells for anthropological assumptions Huxley found unrealistic.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Pavlov" title="Ivan Pavlov">Ivan Pavlov</a>, whose conditioning techniques are used to train infants.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>, whose banned works are quoted throughout the novel by John, "the Savage". The plays quoted include <i><a href="/wiki/Macbeth" title="Macbeth">Macbeth</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest" title="The Tempest">The Tempest</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet" title="Hamlet">Hamlet</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear" title="King Lear">King Lear</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Troilus_and_Cressida" title="Troilus and Cressida">Troilus and Cressida</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Measure_for_Measure" title="Measure for Measure">Measure for Measure</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Othello" title="Othello">Othello</a></i>. Mustapha Mond also knows them because as a World Controller he has access to a selection of books from throughout history, including the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Thomas Robert Malthus</a>, 19th century British economist, believed the people of the Earth would eventually be threatened by their inability to raise enough food to feed the population. In the novel, the eponymous character devises the contraceptive techniques (Malthusian belt) that are practiced by women of the World State.</li> <li>Reuben Rabinovitch, the Polish-Jew character on whom the effects of sleep-learning, <a href="/wiki/Sleep-learning" title="Sleep-learning">hypnopædia</a>, are first observed.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Henry_Newman" title="John Henry Newman">John Henry Newman</a>, 19th century Catholic theologian and educator, believed university education the critical element in advancing post-industrial Western civilization. Mustapha Mond and The Savage discuss a passage from one of Newman's books.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Mond,_1st_Baron_Melchett" title="Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett">Alfred Mond</a>, British industrialist, financier and politician. He is the namesake of Mustapha Mond.<sup id="cite_ref-Naughton_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naughton-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atat%C3%BCrk" title="Mustafa Kemal Atatürk">Mustafa Kemal Atatürk</a>, the founder and first President of <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Republic of Turkey</a>. Naming Mond after Atatürk links up with their characteristics; he reigned during the time <i>Brave New World</i> was written and revolutionised the 'old' Ottoman state into a new nation.<sup id="cite_ref-Naughton_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naughton-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources_of_names_and_references">Sources of names and references</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sources of names and references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The limited number of names that the World State assigned to its bottle-grown citizens can be traced to political and cultural figures who contributed to the bureaucratic, economic, and technological systems of Huxley's age, and presumably those systems in <i>Brave New World</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Soma: Huxley took the name for the drug used by the state to control the population after the Vedic ritual drink <a href="/wiki/Soma_(drink)" title="Soma (drink)">Soma</a>, inspired by his interest in Indian <a href="/wiki/Mysticism" title="Mysticism">mysticism</a>.</li> <li>Malthusian belt: A contraceptive device worn by women. When Huxley was writing <i>Brave New World</i>, organizations such as the <a href="/wiki/Malthusian_League" title="Malthusian League">Malthusian League</a> had spread throughout Europe, advocating contraception. Although the controversial economic theory of <a href="/wiki/Malthusianism" title="Malthusianism">Malthusianism</a> was derived from <a href="/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Population" title="An Essay on the Principle of Population">an essay</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthus" title="Thomas Robert Malthus">Thomas Malthus</a> about the economic effects of population growth, Malthus himself was an advocate of abstinence rather than contraception.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokanovsky%27s_Process" title="Bokanovsky's Process">Bokanovsky's Process</a>: A scientific process used in the World State to mass-produce human beings. Specifically, the "Bokanovsky Process" is a method of producing multiple embryos from a single fertilized egg, creating up to 96 identical individuals. This technique is central to the society's efforts to maintain social stability and control, as it allows for the creation of a standardized, docile workforce. It's part of the larger theme in the novel of dehumanization and the reduction of individuality in the pursuit of a controlled, stable society. It is thought that the process's name is a reference to <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bokanowski" title="Maurice Bokanowski">Maurice Bokanowski</a>, a French Bureaucrat who believed strongly in the idea of governmental and social efficiency. Complementing this, Podsnap's Technique accelerates the maturation of human eggs, enabling the rapid production of thousands of nearly identical individuals. Together, these methods facilitate the creation of a large, standardized population, eliminating natural reproduction and traditional family structures, thereby reinforcing the World State's control over its citizens.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Upon its publication, <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_West" title="Rebecca West">Rebecca West</a> praised <i>Brave New World</i> as "The most accomplished novel Huxley has yet written",<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Needham" title="Joseph Needham">Joseph Needham</a> lauded it as "Mr. Huxley's remarkable book",<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> also praised it, stating, "Mr. Aldous Huxley has shown his usual masterly skill in <i>Brave New World.</i>"<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Brave New World</i> also received negative responses from other contemporary critics, although his work was later embraced.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an article in the 4 May 1935 issue of the <i><a href="/wiki/Illustrated_London_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Illustrated London News">Illustrated London News</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/G._K._Chesterton" title="G. K. Chesterton">G. K. Chesterton</a> explained that Huxley was revolting against the "Age of Utopias". Much of the discourse on man's future before 1914 was based on the thesis that humanity would solve all economic and social issues. In the decade following the war the discourse shifted to an examination of the causes of the catastrophe. The works of <a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a> and <a href="/wiki/George_Bernard_Shaw" title="George Bernard Shaw">George Bernard Shaw</a> on the promises of socialism and a World State were then viewed as the ideas of naive optimists. Chesterton wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>After the Age of Utopias came what we may call the American Age, lasting as long as the Boom. Men like Ford or Mond seemed to many to have solved the social riddle and made capitalism the common good. But it was not native to us; it went with a buoyant, not to say blatant optimism, which is not our negligent or negative optimism. Much more than Victorian righteousness, or even Victorian self-righteousness, that optimism has driven people into pessimism. For the Slump brought even more disillusionment than the War. A new bitterness, and a new bewilderment, ran through all social life, and was reflected in all literature and art. It was contemptuous, not only of the old Capitalism, but of the old Socialism. <i>Brave New World</i> is more of a revolution against Utopia than against Victoria.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Similarly, in 1944 economist <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Ludwig von Mises</a> described <i>Brave New World</i> as a <a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">satire</a> of utopian predictions of <a href="/wiki/Socialism" title="Socialism">socialism</a>: "Aldous Huxley was even courageous enough to make socialism's dreamed paradise the target of his sardonic irony."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Common_misunderstandings">Common misunderstandings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Common misunderstandings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Human_enhancement" title="Human enhancement">Human enhancement</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manhattan,_N.Y.C._1997_51.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Prometheus gifting mankind fire"><img alt="Statue of Prometheus gifting mankind fire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Manhattan%2C_N.Y.C._1997_51.jpg/175px-Manhattan%2C_N.Y.C._1997_51.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Manhattan%2C_N.Y.C._1997_51.jpg/263px-Manhattan%2C_N.Y.C._1997_51.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Manhattan%2C_N.Y.C._1997_51.jpg/350px-Manhattan%2C_N.Y.C._1997_51.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1057" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #85AFBB; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Advocacy</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><b>Rationale</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantropy" title="Pantropy"><i>Adaptionist</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Savulescu#Procreative_beneficence" title="Julian Savulescu">"Beneficient"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphological_freedom" title="Morphological freedom">Emancipatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolutionary_mismatch" title="Evolutionary mismatch">Compensatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_politics#Democratic_transhumanism" title="Transhumanist politics">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directed_evolution_(transhumanism)" title="Directed evolution (transhumanism)">"Directive"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_politics#Libertarian_transhumanism" title="Transhumanist politics">Libertarian</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Stefan_Lorenz_Sorgner#Nietzsche,_posthumanism_and_transhumanism" title="Stefan Lorenz Sorgner">Metahumanistic</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Posthumanism" title="Posthumanism">Posthumanistic</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jason_Jorjani#The_Prometheist_Manifesto" title="Jason Jorjani">Prometheist</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">Preventative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanistic</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Paradigm</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biohappiness" title="Biohappiness">Biohappiness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyborgs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs">Cyborgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_eugenics" title="New eugenics">Eugenics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_amplification" title="Intelligence amplification">Intelligence amplification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_enhancement" title="Moral enhancement">Moral enhancement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthesis#Prosthetic_enhancement" title="Prosthesis">Prostheses</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #85AFBB; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<i>De facto</i>)</span> germline interventions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloning" title="Cloning"><i>Selective</i> Cloning</a></li> <li>Counseling <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_counseling" title="Genetic counseling">Genetic </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genomic_counseling" title="Genomic counseling">Genomic </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-conception_counseling" title="Pre-conception counseling">Pre-conception</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_genetic_enhancement" title="Human genetic enhancement">Genetic enhancement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">Genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epigenome_editing" title="Epigenome editing">Epigenome editing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preimplantation_genetic_diagnosis" title="Preimplantation genetic diagnosis">PGD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embryo_quality" title="Embryo quality">Embryo quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oocyte_selection" title="Oocyte selection">Oocyte selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygenic_score" title="Polygenic score">Polygenic (risk) score</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(technical article)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_testing" title="Prenatal testing">Prenatal testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abortion" title="Abortion"><i>Selective</i> abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_selection" title="Sex selection">Sex selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sperm_sorting" title="Sperm sorting">Sperm sorting</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Repository_for_Germinal_Choice" title="Repository for Germinal Choice">"Nobelist sperm banks"</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #85AFBB; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Somatic interventions</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Body_hacking" title="Body hacking">Body hacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somatic_gene_therapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Somatic gene therapy">Somatic gene therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene_therapy_for_color_blindness" title="Gene therapy for color blindness">for color blindness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_doping" title="Gene doping">in sports doping</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem-cell_therapy" title="Stem-cell therapy">Stem-cell therapy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Embryonic_stem_cell#Utilizations" title="Embryonic stem cell">Embryonic cells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fetal_tissue_implant" title="Fetal tissue implant">Fetal tissue implant</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Performance-enhancing_substances" class="mw-redirect" title="Performance-enhancing substances">Chemical</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stimulants" class="mw-redirect" title="Stimulants">Stimulants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amphetamine" title="Amphetamine">Amphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methamphetamine" title="Methamphetamine">Methamphetamine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritalin" class="mw-redirect" title="Ritalin">Ritalin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nootropics" class="mw-redirect" title="Nootropics">Nootropics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modafinil" title="Modafinil">Modafinil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piracetam" title="Piracetam">Piracetam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xanthine" title="Xanthine">Xanthine derivatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeine" title="Caffeine">Caffeine</a></li></ul></li></ul> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Neuroenhancement" title="Neuroenhancement">Neurological</a></b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain_implant" title="Brain implant">Brain implant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brain%E2%80%93computer_interface" title="Brain–computer interface">Brain–computer interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_brain_stimulation#Other_clinical_applications" title="Deep brain stimulation">Deep brain stimulation</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Man-Computer_Symbiosis" title="Man-Computer Symbiosis">Man-Computer Symbiosis</a>" <span style="font-size:85%;">(1960)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuralink" title="Neuralink">Neuralink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurohacking" title="Neurohacking">Neurohacking</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #85AFBB; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Opposition</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appeal_to_nature" title="Appeal to nature">Appeal to nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bioconservatism" title="Bioconservatism">Bioconservatism</a></li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Common_misunderstandings"><i>Brave New World</i> Argument</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G.K._Chesterton#Opposition_to_eugenics" class="mw-redirect" title="G.K. Chesterton">Chesterton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama#Other_works" title="Francis Fukuyama">Francis Fukuyama</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Posthuman_Future" title="Our Posthuman Future">Our Posthuman Future</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2002)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_of_cloning" title="Ethics of cloning">Cloning prohibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Kass" title="Leon Kass">Leon Kass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stem_cell_controversy" title="Stem cell controversy">Stem cell controversy</a></li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Designer_baby" title="Designer baby">Designer baby</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/He_Jiankui_affair" title="He Jiankui affair">He Jiankui affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwang_affair" title="Hwang affair">Hwang affair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_extension#Ethics_and_politics" title="Life extension">Against life extension</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Immortality#Undesirability" title="Immortality">Undesirability of immortality</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikolas_Kompridis" title="Nikolas Kompridis">Nikolas Kompridis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C.S._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="C.S. Lewis">C.S. Lewis</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Abolition_of_Man" title="The Abolition of Man">The Abolition of Man</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1943)</span></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That_Hideous_Strength" title="That Hideous Strength">That Hideous Strength</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1945)</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playing_God_(ethics)" title="Playing God (ethics)">"Playing God"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_response_to_assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Religious response to assisted reproductive technology">Religious response to <i>ART</i>s</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wisdom_of_repugnance" title="Wisdom of repugnance">Wisdom of repugnance</a>"</li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #85AFBB; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assisted_reproductive_technology" title="Assisted reproductive technology"><i>ART</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_womb" title="Artificial womb"><i>Exo</i>wombs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gametogenesis#In_vitro_gametogenesis" title="Gametogenesis"><i>IVG</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augmented_learning" title="Augmented learning">Augmented learning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deep_ecology" title="Deep ecology">Deep ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_dysfunction#Treatment" title="Executive dysfunction">Treating executive dysfunction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley#Secular_humanism" title="Julian Huxley"><i>Evolutionary humanism</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longevity" title="Longevity">Longevity</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-aging_movement" title="Anti-aging movement">Anti-aging movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_extension" title="Life extension">Life extension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejuvenation" title="Rejuvenation">Rejuvenation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_blood_transfusion" title="Young blood transfusion">Young blood transfusion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalism" title="Natalism">Natalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natura_naturans" class="mw-redirect" title="Natura naturans">Natura naturans</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pontifical_and_Promethean_man" title="Pontifical and Promethean man">Pontifical and Promethean man</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_medicine#Demarcating_therapy" title="Philosophy of medicine">Collapse of the therapy-enhancement divide</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Promethean_gap" title="Promethean gap">Promethean gap</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technophobia" title="Technophobia">Technophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_medicine#Demarcating_therapy" title="Philosophy of medicine">Therapy-enhancement distinction</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Human_enhancement_sidebar" title="Template:Human enhancement sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Human_enhancement_sidebar" title="Template talk:Human enhancement sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Human_enhancement_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Human enhancement sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Fetal_alcohol_spectrum_disorder" title="Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder">Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eugenics#In_science_fiction" title="Eugenics">Eugenics § In science fiction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Island_(Huxley_novel)" title="Island (Huxley novel)">Island (Huxley novel)</a></div> <p>Various authors assume that the book was first and foremost a <a href="/wiki/Cautionary_tale" title="Cautionary tale">cautionary tale</a> regarding <a href="/wiki/Human_genetic_enhancement" title="Human genetic enhancement">human genetic <i>enhancement</i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> indeed about – as an infamous report of <a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush" title="Presidency of George W. Bush">Bush</a> associate <a href="/wiki/Leon_Kass" title="Leon Kass">Leon Kass</a> states –: "producing improved [,][...] perfect or post-human" people.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fact, the title itself has become a mere stand-in used to "evoke the general idea of a futuristic dystopia".<sup id="cite_ref-So_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-So-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> And yet, all this appears to be one big misunderstanding of Huxley's much more nuanced motives, as geneticist Derek So notes.<sup id="cite_ref-So_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-So-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 318">: 318 </span></sup> A more careful reading of the actual text, he argues, shows us that: </p> <blockquote><p>there does not seem to be any genetic testing in <i>Brave New World</i>, and most of the methods described involve hormones and chemicals rather than heritable interventions. Although Huxley wrote that "<a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dysgenics" title="Dysgenics">dysgenics</a> were practiced systematically", this seems to refer only to selective breeding and not to any kind of direct manipulation on the genetic level. (The Bokanovsky process does represent a form of cloning, but this is not ethically equivalent to germline genome editing, and references to <i>Brave New World</i> may lead some readers to confuse the two technologies.) [...] While it's true that the upper castes in <i>Brave New World</i> are smarter than the others, this is more because of the deliberate impairment of the lower castes than because the upper castes are "perfect". Rather than reducing the number of individuals born with genetic disorders or handicaps, Huxley's dystopia involves dramatically increasing their number. [...] Quite the opposite: Huxley thought that <i>Brave New World</i> might come about if we <i>didn't</i> start selecting better children.<sup id="cite_ref-So_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-So-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 318-9">: 318-9 </span></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Overall, Derek So notes that "Huxley was much more worried about totalitarianism than about the new biotechnologies per se that he alluded to in Brave New World."<sup id="cite_ref-So_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-So-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite claims to the contrary then, Huxley remained a committed eugenicist all throughout his life,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> much like his comparably famous brother <a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian</a>, and one just as keen on stressing its <a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley#Secular_humanism" title="Julian Huxley">humanistic underpinnings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_World_State_and_Fordism">The World State and Fordism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The World State and Fordism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The World State is built upon the principles of Henry Ford's <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a>: mass production, homogeneity, predictability, and consumption of disposable consumer goods. While the World State lacks any supernatural-based religions, Ford himself is revered as the creator of their society but not as a deity, and characters celebrate Ford Day and swear oaths by his name (e.g., "By Ford!"). In this sense, some fragments of traditional religion are present, such as Christian crosses, which had their tops cut off to be changed to a "T", representing the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a>. In England, there is an Arch-Community-Songster of Canterbury, obviously continuing the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, and in America <i><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a></i> continues publication as <i>The Fordian Science Monitor</i>. The World State calendar numbers years in the "AF" era—"After Ford"—with the calendar beginning in AD 1908, the year in which Ford's first Model T rolled off his assembly line. The novel's Gregorian calendar year is AD 2540, but it is referred to in the book as AF 632.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From birth, members of every class are <a href="/wiki/Indoctrination" title="Indoctrination">indoctrinated</a> by recorded voices repeating slogans while they sleep (called "hypnopædia" in the book) to believe their own class is superior, but that the other classes perform needed functions. Any residual unhappiness is resolved by an <a href="/wiki/Antidepressant" title="Antidepressant">antidepressant</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hallucinogenic_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Hallucinogenic drug">hallucinogenic drug</a> called soma. </p><p>The biological techniques used to control the populace in <i>Brave New World</i> do not include <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a>; Huxley wrote the book before the structure of <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> was known. However, <a href="/wiki/Gregor_Mendel" title="Gregor Mendel">Gregor Mendel</a>'s work with inheritance patterns in peas had been rediscovered in 1900 and the <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a> movement, based on <a href="/wiki/Artificial_selection" class="mw-redirect" title="Artificial selection">artificial selection</a>, was well established. <a href="/wiki/Huxley_family" title="Huxley family">Huxley's family</a> included a number of prominent biologists including <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Huxley" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Huxley">Thomas Huxley</a>, half-brother and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Laureate" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobel Laureate">Nobel Laureate</a> <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a>, and his brother <a href="/wiki/Julian_Huxley" title="Julian Huxley">Julian Huxley</a> who was a biologist and involved in the eugenics movement. Nonetheless, Huxley emphasises conditioning over breeding (<a href="/wiki/Nature_versus_nurture" title="Nature versus nurture">nurture versus nature</a>); human embryos and fetuses are conditioned through a carefully designed regimen of chemical (such as exposure to hormones and toxins), thermal (exposure to intense heat or cold, as one's future career would dictate), and other environmental stimuli, although there is an element of <a href="/wiki/Selective_breeding" title="Selective breeding">selective breeding</a> as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Comparisons_with_George_Orwell's_Nineteen_Eighty-Four"><span id="Comparisons_with_George_Orwell.27s_Nineteen_Eighty-Four"></span>Comparisons with George Orwell's <i>Nineteen Eighty-Four</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Comparisons with George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four#Brave_New_World_comparisons" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Brave New World comparisons</a></div> <p>In a letter to <a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> about <i><a href="/wiki/Nineteen_Eighty-Four" title="Nineteen Eighty-Four">Nineteen Eighty-Four</a></i>, Huxley wrote "Whether in actual fact the policy of the boot-on-the-face can go on indefinitely seems doubtful. My own belief is that the ruling oligarchy will find less arduous and wasteful ways of governing and of satisfying its lust for power, and these ways will resemble those which I described in Brave New World."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He went on to write "Within the next generation I believe that the world's rulers will discover that infant conditioning and narco-hypnosis are more efficient, as instruments of government, than clubs and prisons, and that the lust for power can be just as completely satisfied by suggesting people into loving their servitude as by flogging and kicking them into obedience."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Social critic <a href="/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman">Neil Postman</a> contrasted the worlds of <i>Nineteen Eighty-Four</i> and <i>Brave New World</i> in the foreword of his 1985 book <i><a href="/wiki/Amusing_Ourselves_to_Death" title="Amusing Ourselves to Death">Amusing Ourselves to Death</a></i>. He writes: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>What Orwell feared were those who would ban books. What Huxley feared was that there would be no reason to ban a book, for there would be no one who wanted to read one. Orwell feared those who would deprive us of information. Huxley feared those who would give us so much that we would be reduced to passivity and egoism. Orwell feared that the truth would be concealed from us. Huxley feared the truth would be drowned in a sea of irrelevance. Orwell feared we would become a captive culture. Huxley feared we would become a trivial culture, preoccupied with some equivalent of the <a href="/wiki/Feelie_(Brave_New_World)" title="Feelie (Brave New World)">feelies</a>, the orgy porgy, and the centrifugal bumblepuppy. As Huxley remarked in <i>Brave New World Revisited</i>, the civil <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarians</a> and rationalists who are ever on the alert to oppose tyranny "failed to take into account man's almost infinite appetite for distractions." In <i>1984</i>, Huxley added, people are controlled by inflicting pain. In <i>Brave New World</i>, they are controlled by inflicting pleasure. In short, Orwell feared that what we hate will ruin us. Huxley feared that what we love will ruin us.</p></blockquote> <p>The writer <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Christopher Hitchens</a>, who published several articles on Huxley and a book on Orwell, noted the difference between the two texts in the introduction to his 1999 article "Why Americans Are Not Taught History", </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>We dwell in a present-tense culture that somehow, significantly, decided to employ the telling expression "You're history" as a choice reprobation or insult, and thus elected to speak forgotten volumes about itself. By that standard, the forbidding dystopia of George Orwell's <i>Nineteen Eighty-Four</i> already belongs, both as a text and as a date, with <a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mycenae" title="Mycenae">Mycenae</a>, while the <a href="/wiki/Hedonism" title="Hedonism">hedonist</a> <a href="/wiki/Nihilism" title="Nihilism">nihilism</a> of Huxley still beckons toward a painless, amusement-sodden, and stress-free consensus. Orwell's was a house of horrors. He seemed to strain credulity because he posited a regime that would go to any lengths to own and possess history, to rewrite and construct it, and to inculcate it by means of coercion. Whereas Huxley ... rightly foresaw that any such regime could break because it could not bend. In 1988, four years after 1984, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> scrapped its official history curriculum and announced that a newly authorized version was somewhere in the works. This was the precise moment when the regime conceded its own extinction. For true blissed-out and vacant servitude, though, you need an otherwise sophisticated society where no serious history is taught.<sup id="cite_ref-Hitches_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hitches-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Brave_New_World_Revisited"><i>Brave New World Revisited</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Brave New World Revisited"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1946, Huxley wrote in the foreword of the new edition of <i>Brave New World</i>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>If I were now to rewrite the book, I would offer <a href="/wiki/John_the_Savage" class="mw-redirect" title="John the Savage">the Savage</a> a third alternative. Between the Utopian and primitive horns of his dilemma would lie the possibility of sanity... In this community economics would be decentralist and <a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Henry-Georgian</a>, politics <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kropotkin" title="Peter Kropotkin">Kropotkinesque</a> and co-operative. Science and technology would be used as though, like the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Sabbath#New_Testament" title="Biblical Sabbath">Sabbath</a>, they had been made for man, not (as at present and still more so in the Brave New World) as though man were to be adapted and enslaved to them. Religion would be the conscious and intelligent pursuit of man's Final End, the unitive knowledge of immanent <a href="/wiki/Tao" title="Tao">Tao</a> or <a href="/wiki/Logos" title="Logos">Logos</a>, the transcendent <a href="/wiki/Deity" title="Deity">Godhead</a> or <a href="/wiki/Brahman" title="Brahman">Brahman</a>. And the prevailing philosophy of life would be a kind of Higher <a href="/wiki/Utilitarianism" title="Utilitarianism">Utilitarianism</a>, in which the Greatest Happiness principle would be secondary to the Final End principle—the first question to be asked and answered in every contingency of life being: "How will this thought or action contribute to, or interfere with, the achievement, by me and the greatest possible number of other individuals, of man's Final End?"<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BraveNewWorldRevisited.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/18/BraveNewWorldRevisited.JPG/220px-BraveNewWorldRevisited.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/18/BraveNewWorldRevisited.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="257" data-file-height="387" /></a><figcaption>First UK edition</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Brave New World Revisited</i> (<a href="/wiki/Harper_(publisher)" title="Harper (publisher)">Harper & Brothers</a>, US, 1958; <a href="/wiki/Chatto_%26_Windus" title="Chatto & Windus">Chatto & Windus</a>, UK, 1959),<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> written by Huxley almost thirty years after <i>Brave New World</i>, is a non-fiction work in which Huxley considered whether the world had moved toward or away from his vision of the future from the 1930s. He believed when he wrote the original novel that it was a reasonable guess as to where the world might go in the future. In <i>Brave New World Revisited</i>, he concluded that the world was becoming like <i>Brave New World</i> much faster than he originally thought. </p><p>Huxley analysed the causes of this, such as <a href="/wiki/Human_overpopulation" title="Human overpopulation">overpopulation</a>, as well as all the means by which populations can be controlled. He was particularly interested in the effects of <a href="/wiki/Recreational_drug_use" title="Recreational drug use">drugs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subliminal_message" class="mw-redirect" title="Subliminal message">subliminal suggestion</a>. <i>Brave New World Revisited</i> is different in tone because of Huxley's evolving thought, as well as his conversion to Hindu <a href="/wiki/Vedanta" title="Vedanta">Vedanta</a> in the interim between the two books. </p><p>The last chapter of the book aims to propose action which could be taken to prevent a democracy from turning into the <a href="/wiki/Totalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Totalitarian">totalitarian</a> world described in <i>Brave New World</i>. In Huxley's last novel, <i><a href="/wiki/Island_(Huxley_novel)" title="Island (Huxley novel)">Island</a></i>, he again expounds similar ideas to describe a utopian nation, which is generally viewed as a counterpart to <i>Brave New World</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Censorship">Censorship</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Censorship"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/American_Library_Association" title="American Library Association">American Library Association</a>, <i>Brave New World</i> has frequently been banned and challenged in the United States due to insensitivity, offensive language, nudity, racism, conflict with a religious viewpoint, and being sexually explicit.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It landed on the list of the top ten most challenged books in 2010 (3) and 2011 (7).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The book also secured a spot on the association's list of the top one hundred challenged books for 1990–1999 (54),<sup id="cite_ref-:2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2000–2009 (36),<sup id="cite_ref-:3_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2010–2019 (26).<sup id="cite_ref-:4_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The following include specific instances of when the book has been censored, banned, or challenged: </p> <ul><li>In 1932, the book was <a href="/wiki/Book_censorship_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="Book censorship in the Republic of Ireland">banned in Ireland</a> for its language, and for supposedly being anti-family and anti-religion.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1965, a <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> English teacher alleged that he was fired for assigning <i>Brave New World</i> to students. The teacher sued for violation of <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> rights but lost both his case and the <a href="/wiki/Appeal" title="Appeal">appeal</a>, with the appeals court ruling that the assignment of the book was not the reason for his firing.<sup id="cite_ref-karolides2011_p472_1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-karolides2011_p472_1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The book was banned in India in 1967, with Huxley accused of being a "pornographer".<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In 1980, it was removed from classrooms in <a href="/wiki/Miller,_Missouri" title="Miller, Missouri">Miller</a>, Missouri, among other challenges.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The version of <i>Brave New World Revisited</i> published in China lacks explicit mentions of China itself.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences_and_allegations_of_plagiarism">Influences and allegations of plagiarism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Influences and allegations of plagiarism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English writer <a href="/wiki/Rose_Macaulay" title="Rose Macaulay">Rose Macaulay</a> published <i>What Not: A Prophetic Comedy</i> in 1918. <i>What Not</i> depicts a dystopian future where people are ranked by intelligence, the government mandates mind training for all citizens, and procreation is regulated by the state.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Macaulay and Huxley shared the same literary circles and he attended her weekly literary salons. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a> felt Brave New World borrowed from his 1931 book "The Scientific Outlook", and wrote in a letter to his publisher that Huxley's novel was "merely an expansion of the two penultimate chapters of 'The Scientific Outlook.'"<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/H._G._Wells" title="H. G. Wells">H. G. Wells</a>' novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_First_Men_in_the_Moon" title="The First Men in the Moon">The First Men in the Moon</a></i> (1901) used concepts that Huxley added to his story. Both novels introduce a society consisting of a specialized caste system, new generations are produced in jars and bottles where their designated caste is decided before birth by tampering with the fetus' development, and individuals are drugged down when they are not needed.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">George Orwell</a> believed that <i>Brave New World</i> must have been partly derived from the 1921 novel <i><a href="/wiki/We_(novel)" title="We (novel)">We</a></i> by Russian author <a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Zamyatin" title="Yevgeny Zamyatin">Yevgeny Zamyatin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in a 1962 letter to Christopher Collins, Huxley says that he wrote <i>Brave New World</i> long before he had heard of <i>We</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Russell,_p._13_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell,_p._13-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>We</i> translator Natasha Randall, Orwell believed that Huxley was lying.<sup id="cite_ref-NR1_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NR1-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Vonnegut" title="Kurt Vonnegut">Kurt Vonnegut</a> said that in writing <i><a href="/wiki/Player_Piano_(novel)" title="Player Piano (novel)">Player Piano</a></i> (1952), he "cheerfully ripped off the plot of <i>Brave New World</i>, whose plot had been cheerfully ripped off from Yevgeny Zamyatin's <i>We</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1982, <a href="/wiki/Polish_people" title="Polish people">Polish</a> author Antoni Smuszkiewicz, in his analysis of Polish science-fiction <i>Zaczarowana gra</i> ("The Magic Game"), presented accusations of <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarism</a> against Huxley. Smuszkiewicz showed similarities between <i>Brave New World</i> and two science fiction novels written earlier by Polish author <a href="/wiki/Mieczys%C5%82aw_Smolarski" title="Mieczysław Smolarski">Mieczysław Smolarski</a>, namely <i>Miasto światłości</i> ("The City of Light", 1924) and <i>Podróż poślubna pana Hamiltona</i> ("Mr Hamilton's Honeymoon Trip", 1928).<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Smuszkiewicz wrote in his open letter to Huxley: "This work of a great author, both in the general depiction of the world as well as countless details, is so similar to two of my novels that in my opinion there is no possibility of accidental analogy."<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Kate Lohnes, writing for <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>, notes similarities between <i>Brave New World</i> and other novels of the era could be seen as expressing "common fears surrounding the rapid advancement of technology and of the shared feelings of many tech-skeptics during the early 20th century". Other dystopian novels followed Huxley's work, including <a href="/wiki/C.S._Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="C.S. Lewis">C.S. Lewis</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/That_Hideous_Strength" title="That Hideous Strength">That Hideous Strength</a></i> (1945) and Orwell's <i>Nineteen Eighty-Four</i> (1949).<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1998–1999, the Modern Library ranked <i>Brave New World</i> fifth on its list of the 100 Best Novels in English of the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Robert_McCrum" title="Robert McCrum">Robert McCrum</a> writing for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a></i> included <i>Brave New World</i> chronologically at number 53 in "the top 100 greatest novels of all time",<sup id="cite_ref-McCrum_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCrum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the novel was listed at number 87 on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>'s survey <a href="/wiki/The_Big_Read" title="The Big Read">The Big Read</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_–_The_Big_Read_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_–_The_Big_Read-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 5 November 2019, <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a> listed <i>Brave New World</i> on its list of the <a href="/wiki/BBC_list_of_100_most_inspiring_novels" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC list of 100 most inspiring novels">100 Most Inspiring Novels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bbc2019-11-05_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bbc2019-11-05-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2021, <i>Brave New World</i> was one of six classic science fiction novels by British authors selected by <a href="/wiki/Royal_Mail" title="Royal Mail">Royal Mail</a> to feature on a <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain_commemorative_stamps_2020%E2%80%932029#2021" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Britain commemorative stamps 2020–2029">series of UK postage stamps</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatre">Theatre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Theatre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Brave New World</i> (opened 4 September 2015) in co-production by Royal & Derngate, Northampton and Touring Consortium Theatre Company which toured the UK. The adaptation was by Dawn King, composed by <a href="/wiki/These_New_Puritans" title="These New Puritans">These New Puritans</a> and directed by <a href="/wiki/James_Dacre" title="James Dacre">James Dacre</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Radio"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Brave New World</i> (radio broadcast) <i><a href="/wiki/CBS_Radio" title="CBS Radio">CBS Radio</a> Workshop</i> (27 January and 3 February 1956): music composed and conducted by <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Herrmann" title="Bernard Herrmann">Bernard Herrmann</a>. Adapted for radio by <a href="/wiki/William_Froug" title="William Froug">William Froug</a>. Introduced by <a href="/wiki/William_Conrad" title="William Conrad">William Conrad</a> and narrated by <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a>. Featuring the voices of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kearns" title="Joseph Kearns">Joseph Kearns</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Idelson" title="Bill Idelson">Bill Idelson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Henry" title="Gloria Henry">Gloria Henry</a>, Charlotte Lawrence,<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Byron_Kane" title="Byron Kane">Byron Kane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sam_Edwards" title="Sam Edwards">Sam Edwards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Kruschen" title="Jack Kruschen">Jack Kruschen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vic_Perrin" title="Vic Perrin">Vic Perrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lurene_Tuttle" title="Lurene Tuttle">Lurene Tuttle</a>, Herb Butterfield, Doris Singleton.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Brave New World</i> (radio broadcast) <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a></i> (May 2013)</li> <li><i>Brave New World</i> (radio broadcast) <i>BBC Radio 4</i> (22, 29 May 2016)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World_(1980_film)" title="Brave New World (1980 film)">Brave New World</a></i> (1980), a <a href="/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">television film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Burt_Brinckerhoff" title="Burt Brinckerhoff">Burt Brinckerhoff</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World_(1998_film)" title="Brave New World (1998 film)">Brave New World</a></i> (1998), a <a href="/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">television film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Libman" title="Leslie Libman">Leslie Libman</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Larry_Williams_(director)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Larry Williams (director) (page does not exist)">Larry Williams</a></li> <li>In 2009, a theatrical film was announced to be in development, with collaboration between <a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonardo_DiCaprio" title="Leonardo DiCaprio">Leonardo DiCaprio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By May 2013 the project was placed on hold.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Brave New World</i> (2014), fan film directed by Nathan Hyde</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Brave New World</i> (2010), miniseries directed by Leonard Menchiari</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World_(2020_TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brave New World (2020 TV series)">Brave New World</a></i> (2020), series created by David Wiener <dl><dd>In May 2015, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hollywood_Reporter" title="The Hollywood Reporter">The Hollywood Reporter</a></i> reported that <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Amblin_Television" title="Amblin Television">Amblin Television</a> would bring <i>Brave New World</i> to <a href="/wiki/Syfy" title="Syfy">Syfy</a> network as a scripted series, adapted by <a href="/wiki/Les_Bohem" class="mw-redirect" title="Les Bohem">Les Bohem</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The adaptation was eventually written by David Wiener with <a href="/wiki/Grant_Morrison" title="Grant Morrison">Grant Morrison</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Taylor_(filmmaker)" title="Brian Taylor (filmmaker)">Brian Taylor</a>, with the series ordered to air on <a href="/wiki/USA_Network" title="USA Network">USA Network</a> in February 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The series eventually moved to the <a href="/wiki/Peacock_(streaming_service)" title="Peacock (streaming service)">Peacock</a> streaming service and premiered on 15 July 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2020, the series was cancelled after one season.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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Man</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Glass_Fortress_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Glass Fortress (film)"><i>The Glass Fortress</i> (2016 film)</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1932/02/04/100686029.html?pageNumber=19">"CABELL PUTS STYLE ABOVEIDEA IN a BOOK; Author Confesses He Cannot Define Style, but Calls It 'Very Nearly Most Important.' NEVER AWAITS INSPIRATION in Interview He Recalls Newspaper Days at $25 a Week and Says Recognition Came Slowly"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=CABELL+PUTS+STYLE+ABOVEIDEA+IN+a+BOOK%3B+Author+Confesses+He+Cannot+Define+Style%2C+but+Calls+It+%27Very+Nearly+Most+Important.%27+NEVER+AWAITS+INSPIRATION+in+Interview+He+Recalls+Newspaper+Days+at+%2425+a+Week+and+Says+Recognition+Came+Slowly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1932%2F02%2F04%2F100686029.html%3FpageNumber%3D19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arbookfind.com/bookdetail.aspx?q=8653&l=EN&slid=50667020">"Brave New World Book Details"</a>. <i>fAR BookFinder</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fAR+BookFinder&rft.atitle=Brave+New+World+Book+Details&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arbookfind.com%2Fbookdetail.aspx%3Fq%3D8653%26l%3DEN%26slid%3D50667020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bl.uk/collection-items/brave-new-world-by-aldous-huxley">"Brave New World by Aldous Huxley"</a>. <i>British Library</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sites.prh.com&rft.atitle=Modern+Library+Top+100+-+Penguin+Random+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.prh.com%2Fmodern-library-top-100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McCrum-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McCrum_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-McCrum_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrum2003" class="citation news cs1">McCrum, Robert (12 October 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/oct/12/features.fiction">"100 greatest novels of all time"</a>. <i>Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Guardian&rft.atitle=100+greatest+novels+of+all+time&rft.date=2003-10-12&rft.aulast=McCrum&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2003%2Foct%2F12%2Ffeatures.fiction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC_–_The_Big_Read-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_–_The_Big_Read_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_–_The_Big_Read_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/bigread/top100_2.shtml">"BBC - The Big Read - Top 100"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Library+Association&rft.atitle=100+most+frequently+challenged+books%3A+1990-1999&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft.au=Office+of+Intellectual+Freedom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fadvocacy%2Fbbooks%2Ffrequentlychallengedbooks%2Fdecade1999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_Intellectual_Freedom2013" class="citation web cs1">Office of Intellectual Freedom (26 March 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/decade2009">"Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009"</a>. <i>American Library Association</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200924101705/http://www.ala.org/advocacy/bbooks/frequentlychallengedbooks/decade2009">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Library+Association&rft.atitle=Top+100+Most+Banned+and+Challenged+Books%3A+2010-2019&rft.date=2020-09-09&rft.au=Office+of+Intellectual+Freedom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fadvocacy%2Fbbooks%2Ffrequentlychallengedbooks%2Fdecade2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon" class="citation web cs1">Anon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/inourtime/inourtime.shtml">"Brave New World"</a>. <i>In Our Time</i>. British Broadcasting Corporation<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=In+Our+Time&rft.atitle=Brave+New+World&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fradio4%2Fhistory%2Finourtime%2Finourtime.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBateRasmussen2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Bate" title="Jonathan Bate">Bate, Jonathan</a>; Rasmussen, Eric (2007). <i>William Shakespeare: Complete Works</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" title="Royal Shakespeare Company">The Royal Shakespeare Company</a>. Chief Associate Editor: Héloïse Sénéchal. <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers Ltd</a>. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-00350-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-00350-7"><bdi>978-0-230-00350-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Shakespeare%3A+Complete+Works&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers+Ltd&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-230-00350-7&rft.aulast=Bate&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Eric&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIra_Grushow1962" class="citation journal cs1">Ira Grushow (October 1962). "Brave New World and The Tempest". <i>College English</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 42–45. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F373846">10.2307/373846</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0010-0994">0010-0994</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/373846">373846</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+English&rft.atitle=Brave+New+World+and+The+Tempest&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=42-45&rft.date=1962-10&rft.issn=0010-0994&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F373846%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F373846&rft.au=Ira+Grushow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartine_de_Gaudemar1995" class="citation book cs1">Martine de Gaudemar (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-1z1FQeK_kIC&pg=PA77"><i>La Notion de nature chez Leibniz: colloque</i></a>. Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-515-06631-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-515-06631-0"><bdi>978-3-515-06631-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+Notion+de+nature+chez+Leibniz%3A+colloque&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=Franz+Steiner+Verlag&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-3-515-06631-0&rft.au=Martine+de+Gaudemar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-1z1FQeK_kIC%26pg%3DPA77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeckier1979" class="citation journal cs1">Meckier, Jerome (1979). "A Neglected Huxley "Preface": His Earliest Synopsis of Brave New World". <i>Twentieth Century Literature</i>. <b>25</b> (1): 1–20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F441397">10.2307/441397</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0041-462X">0041-462X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/441397">441397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+Literature&rft.atitle=A+Neglected+Huxley+%22Preface%22%3A+His+Earliest+Synopsis+of+Brave+New+World&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-20&rft.date=1979&rft.issn=0041-462X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F441397%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F441397&rft.aulast=Meckier&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2003" class="citation news cs1">Murray, Nicholas (13 December 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2003/dec/13/featuresreviews.guardianreview27">"Nicholas Murray on his life of Huxley"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nicholas+Murray+on+his+life+of+Huxley&rft.date=2003-12-13&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2003%2Fdec%2F13%2Ffeaturesreviews.guardianreview27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170111125115/http://www.sanary.com/a-huxley-in-sanary-1-introduction.html">"A. Huxley in Sanary 1 - Introduction"</a>. <i>www.sanary.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanary.com/a-huxley-in-sanary-1-introduction.html">the original</a> on 11 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.sanary.com&rft.atitle=A.+Huxley+in+Sanary+1+-+Introduction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sanary.com%2Fa-huxley-in-sanary-1-introduction.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWickesFraser1960" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Wickes, George; Fraser, Raymond (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100922002704/http://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4698/the-art-of-fiction-no-24-aldous-huxley">"Aldous Huxley, The Art of Fiction No. 24"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Paris_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Review">Paris Review</a></i>. Spring 1960 (23). <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-2037">0031-2037</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theparisreview.org/interviews/4698/the-art-of-fiction-no-24-aldous-huxley">the original</a> on 22 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paris+Review&rft.atitle=Aldous+Huxley%2C+The+Art+of+Fiction+No.+24&rft.volume=Spring+1960&rft.issue=23&rft.date=1960&rft.issn=0031-2037&rft.aulast=Wickes&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Fraser%2C+Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparisreview.org%2Finterviews%2F4698%2Fthe-art-of-fiction-no-24-aldous-huxley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Huxley, Aldous</a> (1969). "letter to Mrs. Kethevan Roberts, 18 May 1931". In Smith, Grover (ed.). <i>Letters of Aldous Huxley</i>. New York and Evanston: Harper & Row. p. 348. <q>I am writing a novel about the future – on the horror of the Wellsian Utopia and a revolt against it. Very difficult. I have hardly enough imagination to deal with such a subject. But it is none the less interesting work.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=letter+to+Mrs.+Kethevan+Roberts%2C+18+May+1931&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Aldous+Huxley&rft.place=New+York+and+Evanston&rft.pages=348&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=Aldous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeje2002" class="citation book cs1">Heje, Johan (2002). "Aldous Huxley". In Harris-Fain, Darren (ed.). <i>British Fantasy and Science-Fiction Writers, 1918–1960</i>. Detroit: Gale Group. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7876-5249-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7876-5249-0"><bdi>0-7876-5249-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aldous+Huxley&rft.btitle=British+Fantasy+and+Science-Fiction+Writers%2C+1918%E2%80%931960&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Gale+Group&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7876-5249-0&rft.aulast=Heje&rft.aufirst=Johan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lawrence biographer <a href="/wiki/Frances_Wilson_(writer)" title="Frances Wilson (writer)">Frances Wilson</a> writes that "the entire novel is saturated in Lawrence" and cites "Lawrence's New Mexico" in particular. Wilson, Frances (2021). <i>Burning Man: The Trials of D.H. Lawrence</i>, New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, pp. 404–405.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nathaniel Ward "The visions of Wells, Huxley and Orwell—why was the Twentieth Century impressed by Distopias rather than Utopias?" in Ophelia Ruddle (ed.) Proceedings of the 2003 Annual Multidisciplinary Round Table on Twentieth Century Culture"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaldane1924" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._B._S._Haldane" title="J. B. S. Haldane">Haldane, J.B.S.</a> (1924). <a href="/wiki/Daedalus;_or,_Science_and_the_Future" title="Daedalus; or, Science and the Future"><i>Daedalus; or, Science and the Future</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Daedalus%3B+or%2C+Science+and+the+Future&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=Haldane&rft.aufirst=J.B.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyson1976" class="citation book cs1">Dyson, Freeman (1976). <i>Disturbing the Universe</i>. Basic Books. Chapter 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Disturbing+the+Universe&rft.pages=Chapter+15&rft.pub=Basic+Books&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Dyson&rft.aufirst=Freeman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bradshaw-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bradshaw_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBradshaw,_David2004" class="citation book cs1">Bradshaw, David (2004). "Introduction". In <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Huxley, Aldous</a> (ed.). <i>Brave New World</i> (Print ed.). London, UK: Vintage.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.edition=Print&rft.pub=Vintage&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Bradshaw%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeckier2002" class="citation journal cs1">Meckier, Jerome (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3176042.pdf">"Aldous Huxley's Americanization of the "Brave New World"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Twentieth Century American Literature</i>. <b>48</b> (4): 439. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3176042">3176042</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/3176042.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 9 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Twentieth+Century+American+Literature&rft.atitle=Aldous+Huxley%27s+Americanization+of+the+%22Brave+New+World%22&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=439&rft.date=2002&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3176042%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Meckier&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fpdf%2F3176042.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley1932" class="citation book cs1">Huxley, Aldous (1932). <i>Brave New World</i>. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4"><bdi>978-0-06-085052-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1932&rft.isbn=978-0-06-085052-4&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=Aldous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brave_New_World-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Brave_New_World_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Brave_New_World_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley1932" class="citation book cs1">Huxley, Aldous (1932). <i>Brave New World</i>. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4"><bdi>978-0-06-085052-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1932&rft.isbn=978-0-06-085052-4&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=Aldous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley1932" class="citation book cs1">Huxley, Aldous (1932). <i>Brave New World</i>. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 252. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4"><bdi>978-0-06-085052-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=252&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1932&rft.isbn=978-0-06-085052-4&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=Aldous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley1932" class="citation book cs1">Huxley, Aldous (1932). <i>Brave New World</i>. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 254. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4"><bdi>978-0-06-085052-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1932&rft.isbn=978-0-06-085052-4&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=Aldous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Her name is a in-joke reference to <a href="/wiki/John_Keate" title="John Keate">John Keate</a>, the notorious 19th century flogging headmaster of Eton.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">chapter 3, "Our Ford-or Our Freud, as, for some inscrutable reason, he chose to call himself whenever he spoke of psychological matters–Our Freud had been the first to reveal the appalling dangers of family life"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Naughton-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Naughton_32-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Naughton_32-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNaughton2013" class="citation web cs1">Naughton, John (22 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/nov/22/aldous-huxley-prophet-dystopia-cs-lewis">"Aldous Huxley: the prophet of our brave new digital dystopia | John Naughton"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Aldous+Huxley%3A+the+prophet+of+our+brave+new+digital+dystopia+%7C+John+Naughton&rft.date=2013-11-22&rft.aulast=Naughton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2013%2Fnov%2F22%2Faldous-huxley-prophet-dystopia-cs-lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeckier2006" class="citation book cs1">Meckier, Jerome (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D159Z5kJa_YC&pg=PR5">"Onomastic Satire: Names and Naming in <i>Brave New World</i>"</a>. In Firchow, Peter Edgerly; Nugel, Bernfried (eds.). <i>Aldous Huxley: modern satirical novelist of ideas</i>. Lit Verlag. pp. 187ff. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8258-9668-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8258-9668-4"><bdi>3-8258-9668-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71165436">71165436</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Onomastic+Satire%3A+Names+and+Naming+in+Brave+New+World&rft.btitle=Aldous+Huxley%3A+modern+satirical+novelist+of+ideas&rft.pages=187ff&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71165436&rft.isbn=3-8258-9668-4&rft.aulast=Meckier&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD159Z5kJa_YC%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, 5 February 1932. Reprinted in Donald Watt, "Aldous Huxley: The Critical Heritage. London; Routledge, 2013 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1136209697" title="Special:BookSources/1136209697">1136209697</a> (pp. 197–201).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/Scrutiny_(journal)" title="Scrutiny (journal)">Scrutiny</a></i>, May 1932 . Reprinted in Watt, (pp. 202–205).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"We Don't Want to be Happy", in: <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Leader" title="The New Leader">The New Leader</a></i> (11 March 1932), reprinted in: Donald Watt, <i>Aldous Huxley: The Critical Heritage</i> (1975), pp. 210–13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Huxley, Aldous. <i>Brave New World</i>. Harper Perennial Modern Classics; Reprint edition (17 October 2006), P.S. Edition, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-085052-4">978-0-06-085052-4</a>  — "About the Book." — "Too Far Ahead of Its Time? The Contemporary Response to <i>Brave New World</i> (1932)" p. 8-11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">G. K. Chesterton, review in <i>The Illustrated London News</i>, 4 May 1935</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ludwig von Mises (1944). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mises.org/system/tdf/Bureaucracy_3.pdf?file=1&type=document">Bureaucracy</a>, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, p 110</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McGee G. (2000). <i>The Perfect Baby: Parenthood in the New World of Cloning and Genetics.</i> Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Elliott C. (2003). <i>Better Than Well: American Medicine Meets the American Dream.</i> New York: W.W. Norton</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Spar D. (2006). <i>The Baby Business: How Money, Science and Politics Drive the Commerce of Conception</i>. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2003. President's Council on Bioethics. Beyond Therapy. Washington, DC: President's Council on Bioethics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-So-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-So_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-So_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-So_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-So_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">So, Derek (2019). "The Use and Misuse of Brave New World in the CRISPR Debate." <i>CRISPR J.</i> 2(5):316-323. doi:10.1089/crispr.2019.0046. PMID 31599683.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fletcher J. (1988). <i>The Ethics of Genetic Control: Ending Genetic Roulette.</i> Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kevles DJ. (1985). <i>In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity.</i> New York: Knopf</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woiak, Joanne (2007). "Designing a Brave New World: Eugenics, Politics, and Fiction." <i>The Public Historian</i>, 29(3), 105–129. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2007.29.3.105">https://doi.org/10.1525/tph.2007.29.3.105</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Brave-New-World">"Brave New World | Summary, Context, & Reception | Britannica"</a>. <i>www.britannica.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letters+of+Note%3A+1984+v.+Brave+New+World&rft.date=2020-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lettersofnote.com%2F2012%2F03%2F1984-v-brave-new-world.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hitches-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hitches_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Hitchens" title="Christopher Hitchens">Christopher Hitchens</a>, "Goodbye to All That: Why Americans Are Not Taught History." <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Magazine" title="Harper's Magazine">Harper's Magazine</a></i>. November 1998, pp. 37–47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley2005" class="citation book cs1">Huxley, Aldous (2005). <i>Brave New World and Brave New World Revisited</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=American+Library+Association&rft.atitle=Top+10+Most+Challenged+Books+Lists&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft.au=Office+of+Intellectual+Freedom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ala.org%2Fadvocacy%2Fbbooks%2Ffrequentlychallengedbooks%2Ftop10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101002054544/http://classiclit.about.com/od/bannedliteratur1/tp/aa_bannedbooks.htm">"Banned Books"</a>. Classiclit.about.com. 2 November 2009. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Banned+Books&rft.pub=Classiclit.about.com&rft.date=2009-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fclassiclit.about.com%2Fod%2Fbannedliteratur1%2Ftp%2Faa_bannedbooks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100602184644/https://www.pcc.edu/library/news/banned_books.html">"Banned Books"</a>. pcc.edu. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quartz&rft.atitle=A+woman+first+wrote+the+prescient+ideas+Huxley+and+Orwell+made+famous&rft.date=2018-12-19&rft.aulast=Livni&rft.aufirst=Ephrat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fqz.com%2Fquartzy%2F1498891%2Fthe-pillars-of-science-fiction-are-two-writers-you-dont-know%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dearbertie.mcmaster.ca/letter/huxley">"It's a Yoga exercise, of course: but none the worse for that."</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mwWfEAAAQBAJ&dq=Selenites+jars+bottle+brave+new+worlder+opiate+soma&pg=PA40">Aldous Huxley and Utopia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrwell1946" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/George_Orwell" title="George Orwell">Orwell, George</a> (4 January 1946). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orwelltoday.com/weorwellreview.shtml">"Review"</a>. <i>Orwell Today</i>. 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(September 2010)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Nowiny Literackie" 1948 No. 4, p 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kate Lohnes, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/78059">Brave New World</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bbc2019-11-05-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bbc2019-11-05_71-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-50302788">"100 'most inspiring' novels revealed by BBC Arts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. 5 November 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 November</span> 2019</span>. <q>The reveal kickstarts the BBC's year-long celebration of literature.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=100+%27most+inspiring%27+novels+revealed+by+BBC+Arts&rft.date=2019-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fentertainment-arts-50302788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/national/19220163.stamps-feature-original-artworks-celebrating-classic-science-fiction-novels/">"Stamps to feature original artworks celebrating classic science fiction novels"</a>. <i>Yorkpress.co.uk</i>. 9 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yorkpress.co.uk&rft.atitle=Stamps+to+feature+original+artworks+celebrating+classic+science+fiction+novels&rft.date=2021-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yorkpress.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnational%2F19220163.stamps-feature-original-artworks-celebrating-classic-science-fiction-novels%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://forgottenactors.blogspot.ca/2012/12/charlotte-lawrence.html">"Forgotten Actors: Charlotte Lawrence"</a>. <i>Forgottenactors.blogspot.ca</i>. 4 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forgottenactors.blogspot.ca&rft.atitle=Forgotten+Actors%3A+Charlotte+Lawrence&rft.date=2012-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fforgottenactors.blogspot.ca%2F2012%2F12%2Fcharlotte-lawrence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2014" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Josh (20 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.openculture.com/2014/11/classic-radio-dramas-from-cbs-radio-workshop-1956-57.html">"Hear Aldous Huxley Read Brave New World. Plus 84 Classic Radio Dramas from CBS Radio Workshop (1956-57)"</a>. Open Culture<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hear+Aldous+Huxley+Read+Brave+New+World.+Plus+84+Classic+Radio+Dramas+from+CBS+Radio+Workshop+%281956-57%29&rft.pub=Open+Culture&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openculture.com%2F2014%2F11%2Fclassic-radio-dramas-from-cbs-radio-workshop-1956-57.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/news/ni0919772/">"Leonardo DiCaprio And Ridley Scott Team for 'Brave New World' Adaptation"</a>. Filmofilia. 9 August 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Leonardo+DiCaprio+And+Ridley+Scott+Team+for+%27Brave+New+World%27+Adaptation&rft.pub=Filmofilia&rft.date=2009-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fnews%2Fni0919772%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeintraub" class="citation web cs1">Weintraub, Steve "Frosty". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collider.com/ridley-scott-prometheus-2-sequel-interview/170207/#more-170207">"Ridley Scott Talks PROMETHEUS, Viral Advertising, TRIPOLI, the BLADE RUNNER Sequel, PROMETHEUS Sequels, More, May 31, 2012"</a>. <i>Collider</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collider&rft.atitle=Ridley+Scott+Talks+PROMETHEUS%2C+Viral+Advertising%2C+TRIPOLI%2C+the+BLADE+RUNNER+Sequel%2C+PROMETHEUS+Sequels%2C+More%2C+May+31%2C+2012&rft.aulast=Weintraub&rft.aufirst=Steve+%22Frosty%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollider.com%2Fridley-scott-prometheus-2-sequel-interview%2F170207%2F%23more-170207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldberg2015" class="citation web cs1">Goldberg, Lesley (5 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/syfy-brave-new-world-793603">"Steven Spielberg's Amblin, Syfy Adapting Classic Novel 'Brave New World' (Exclusive)"</a>. <i>The Hollywood Reporter</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hollywood+Reporter&rft.atitle=Steven+Spielberg%27s+Amblin%2C+Syfy+Adapting+Classic+Novel+%27Brave+New+World%27+%28Exclusive%29&rft.date=2015-05-05&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Lesley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hollywoodreporter.com%2Flive-feed%2Fsyfy-brave-new-world-793603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreeva2019" class="citation web cs1">Andreeva, Nellie (13 February 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2019/02/brave-new-world-aldous-huxley-novel-straight-to-series-order-usa-network-1202556071/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Brave New World' Drama Based on Aldous Huxley Novel Moves From Syfy To USA With Series Order"</a>. <i>Deadline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=%27Brave+New+World%27+Drama+Based+on+Aldous+Huxley+Novel+Moves+From+Syfy+To+USA+With+Series+Order&rft.date=2019-02-13&rft.aulast=Andreeva&rft.aufirst=Nellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2019%2F02%2Fbrave-new-world-aldous-huxley-novel-straight-to-series-order-usa-network-1202556071%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreeva2019" class="citation news cs1">Andreeva, Nellie (17 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2019/09/nbcu-streamer-peacock-name-slate-of-reboots-dr-death-mike-schur-ed-helms-series-amber-ruffin-parks-recreation-1202736689/">"NBCU Streamer Gets Name, Sets Slate of Reboots, 'Dr. Death', Ed Helms & Amber Ruffin Series, 'Parks & Rec'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Deadline</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=NBCU+Streamer+Gets+Name%2C+Sets+Slate+of+Reboots%2C+%27Dr.+Death%27%2C+Ed+Helms+%26+Amber+Ruffin+Series%2C+%27Parks+%26+Rec%27&rft.date=2019-09-17&rft.aulast=Andreeva&rft.aufirst=Nellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2019%2F09%2Fnbcu-streamer-peacock-name-slate-of-reboots-dr-death-mike-schur-ed-helms-series-amber-ruffin-parks-recreation-1202736689%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndreeva2020" class="citation web cs1">Andreeva, Nellie (28 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2020/10/brave-new-world-canceled-peacock-one-season-1234603893/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Brave New World' Canceled By Peacock After One Season"</a>. <i>Deadline</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029012809/https://deadline.com/2020/10/brave-new-world-canceled-peacock-one-season-1234603893/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadline&rft.atitle=%27Brave+New+World%27+Canceled+By+Peacock+After+One+Season&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft.aulast=Andreeva&rft.aufirst=Nellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2020%2F10%2Fbrave-new-world-canceled-peacock-one-season-1234603893%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_bibliography">General bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: General bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Huxley, Aldous</a> (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bravenewworld00huxl_1"><i>Brave New World</i></a> (First Perennial Classics ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-092987-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-092987-1"><bdi>0-06-092987-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+Perennial+Classics&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-06-092987-1&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=Aldous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbravenewworld00huxl_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Huxley, Aldous</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bravenewworldrev00huxl_1"><i>Brave New World Revisited</i></a> (First Perennial Classics ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-095551-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-095551-1"><bdi>0-06-095551-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World+Revisited&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+Perennial+Classics&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-06-095551-1&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=Aldous&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbravenewworldrev00huxl_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuxley2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Huxley, Aldous</a> (2005). <i>Brave New World and Brave New World Revisited</i> (First Perennial Classics ed.). New York: HarperCollins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-077609-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-077609-9"><bdi>0-06-077609-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Brave+New+World+and+Brave+New+World+Revisited&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First+Perennial+Classics&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-06-077609-9&rft.aulast=Huxley&rft.aufirst=Aldous&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIzzoKirkpatrick2014" class="citation book cs1">Izzo, David Garrett; Kirkpatrick, Kim, eds. (15 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YZCqGf-D-qYC"><i>Huxley's Brave New World: Essays</i></a>. McFarland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8003-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-8003-6"><bdi>978-0-7864-8003-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Huxley%27s+Brave+New+World%3A+Essays&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014-07-15&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-8003-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYZCqGf-D-qYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPostman1985" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Postman" title="Neil Postman">Postman, Neil</a> (1985). <i>Amusing Ourselves to Death: Public Discourse in the Age of Show Business</i>. USA: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Books" title="Penguin Books">Penguin</a> USA. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-670-80454-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-670-80454-1"><bdi>0-670-80454-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amusing+Ourselves+to+Death%3A+Public+Discourse+in+the+Age+of+Show+Business&rft.place=USA&rft.pub=Penguin+USA&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-670-80454-1&rft.aulast=Postman&rft.aufirst=Neil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1999" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Robert (1999). <i>Zamiatin's We</i>. Bristol: Bristol Classical Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85399-393-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85399-393-0"><bdi>978-1-85399-393-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zamiatin%27s+We&rft.place=Bristol&rft.pub=Bristol+Classical+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-85399-393-0&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginsHiggins2000" class="citation book cs1">Higgins, Charles; Higgins, Regina (2000). <i>Cliff Notes on Huxley's Brave New World</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Wiley_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiley Publishing">Wiley Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-8583-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-8583-5"><bdi>0-7645-8583-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cliff+Notes+on+Huxley%27s+Brave+New+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-7645-8583-5&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft.au=Higgins%2C+Regina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/literature/brave-new-world">"Brave New World Study Guide"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Shmoop" title="Shmoop">Shmoop</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Shmoop&rft.atitle=Brave+New+World+Study+Guide&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shmoop.com%2Fstudy-guides%2Fliterature%2Fbrave-new-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearce" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(transhumanist)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Pearce (transhumanist)">Pearce, David</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huxley.net/">"Brave New World"</a>. <i>Huxley.net</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huxley.net&rft.atitle=Brave+New+World&rft.aulast=Pearce&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huxley.net%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrave+New+World" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brave_New_World&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 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.sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Brave New World</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Brave_New_World" class="extiw" title="q:Brave New World">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Brave_New_World" class="extiw" title="b:Brave New World">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191949" class="extiw" title="d:Q191949">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?2319"><i>Brave New World</i></a> title listing at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">Internet Speculative Fiction Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20160545"><i>Brave New World</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fadedpage.com/showbook.php?pid=20170658"><i>Brave New World Revisited</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/Distributed_Proofreaders_Canada" title="Distributed Proofreaders Canada">Faded Page</a> (Canada)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190609084641/http://www.yoism.org/?q=node%2F143">1957 interview with Huxley</a> as he reflects on his life work and the meaning of <i>Brave New World</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://somaweb.org/w/bioethics.html">Aldous Huxley: Bioethics and Reproductive Issues</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00jn8bc">Aldous Huxley's <i>Brave New World</i>: BBC Radio 4 <i>In Our Time</i> discussion</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161118070733/http://literapedia.wikispaces.com/Brave%2BNew%2BWorld">Literapedia page for <i>Brave New World</i></a></li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huxley.net/">Brave New World? A Defence Of Paradise-Engineering</a></i>, a critical analysis by <a href="/wiki/David_Pearce_(transhumanist)" class="mw-redirect" title="David Pearce (transhumanist)">David Pearce</a> (also available as a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KpKTPgg8I68">video recording</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/14/opinion/pornography-sex-the-huxley-trap-.html">The Huxley Trap</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>; 14 November 2018)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Aldous_Huxley" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Aldous_Huxley" title="Template:Aldous Huxley"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Aldous_Huxley" title="Template talk:Aldous Huxley"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Aldous_Huxley" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Aldous Huxley"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Aldous_Huxley" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley_bibliography" title="Aldous Huxley bibliography">Bibliography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Crome_Yellow" title="Crome Yellow">Crome Yellow</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antic_Hay" title="Antic Hay">Antic Hay</a></i> (1923)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Those_Barren_Leaves" title="Those Barren Leaves">Those Barren Leaves</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Point_Counter_Point" title="Point Counter Point">Point Counter Point</a></i> (1928)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Brave New World</a></i> (1932)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eyeless_in_Gaza_(novel)" title="Eyeless in Gaza (novel)">Eyeless in Gaza</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_Many_a_Summer" title="After Many a Summer">After Many a Summer</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Time_Must_Have_a_Stop" title="Time Must Have a Stop">Time Must Have a Stop</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ape_and_Essence" title="Ape and Essence">Ape and Essence</a></i> (1948)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devils_of_Loudun" title="The Devils of Loudun">The Devils of Loudun</a></i> (1952)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Genius_and_the_Goddess" title="The Genius and the Goddess">The Genius and the Goddess</a></i> (1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Island_(Huxley_novel)" title="Island (Huxley novel)">Island</a></i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short stories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Limbo_(short_story_collection)" title="Limbo (short story collection)">Limbo</a></i> (1920)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mortal_Coils" title="Mortal Coils">Mortal Coils</a></i> (1922)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Mexican_and_Other_Stories" title="Little Mexican and Other Stories">Little Mexican and Other Stories</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_or_Three_Graces_and_Other_Stories" title="Two or Three Graces and Other Stories">Two or Three Graces and Other Stories</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brief_Candles" title="Brief Candles">Brief Candles</a></i> (1930)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/After_the_Fireworks:_Three_Novellas" title="After the Fireworks: Three Novellas">After the Fireworks: Three Novellas</a></i> (1936)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Collected_Short_Stories_(Huxley)" title="Collected Short Stories (Huxley)">Collected Short Stories</a></i> (1957)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncollected</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Jacob%27s_Hands:_A_Fable" title="Jacob's Hands: A Fable">Jacob's Hands: A Fable</a>" (1940s; radio script 1956; published 1997)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Crows_of_Pearblossom" title="The Crows of Pearblossom">The Crows of Pearblossom</a>" (1944; children's book 1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_(play)" title="The Discovery (play)">The Discovery: A Comedy in Five Acts</a></i> (1924)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Essays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_at_Night_(book)" title="Music at Night (book)">Music at Night</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ends_and_Means" title="Ends and Means">Ends and Means</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Literature_and_Science" title="Literature and Science">Literature and Science</a></i> (1963)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Uncollected</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Perennial_Philosophy" title="The Perennial Philosophy">The Perennial Philosophy</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Science,_Liberty_and_Peace" title="Science, Liberty and Peace">Science, Liberty and Peace</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Doors_of_Perception" title="The Doors of Perception">The Doors of Perception</a></i> (1954)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heaven_and_Hell_(essay)" title="Heaven and Hell (essay)">Heaven and Hell</a></i> (1956)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Mexique_Bay" title="Beyond the Mexique Bay">Beyond the Mexique Bay</a></i> (1934)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Grey_Eminence" title="Grey Eminence">Grey Eminence</a></i> (1941)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_Seeing" title="The Art of Seeing">The Art of Seeing</a></i> (1942)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Screenplays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pride_and_Prejudice_(1940_film)" title="Pride and Prejudice (1940 film)">Pride and Prejudice</a></i> (1940)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madame_Curie_(film)" title="Madame Curie (film)">Madame Curie</a></i> (uncredited, 1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jane_Eyre_(1943_film)" title="Jane Eyre (1943 film)">Jane Eyre</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Woman%27s_Vengeance" title="A Woman's Vengeance">A Woman's Vengeance</a></i> (1947)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Devils_of_Loudun_(opera)" title="The Devils of Loudun (opera)"><i>The Devils of Loudun</i> (opera)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Devils_(play)" title="The Devils (play)"><i>The Devils</i> (play)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Devils_(film)" title="The Devils (film)"><i>The Devils</i> (film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World_(1980_film)" title="Brave New World (1980 film)"><i>Brave New World</i> (1980 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World_(1998_film)" title="Brave New World (1998 film)"><i>Brave New World</i> (1998 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World_(TV_series)" title="Brave New World (TV series)"><i>Brave New World</i> (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" 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