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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Mieczys%C5%82aw_Smolarski##" title="Talk:Mieczysław Smolarski">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mieczys%C5%82aw_Smolarski&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Mieczys%C5%82aw+Smolarski%22">"Mieczysław Smolarski"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Mieczys%C5%82aw+Smolarski%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Mieczys%C5%82aw+Smolarski%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Mieczys%C5%82aw+Smolarski%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Mieczys%C5%82aw+Smolarski%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Mieczys%C5%82aw+Smolarski%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2017</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mieczysław Marian Smolarski</b> (April 6, 1888, <a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a> – January 21, 1967, <a href="/wiki/Warsaw" title="Warsaw">Warsaw</a>) was a Polish writer and poet, whose works included examples of the <a href="/wiki/Utopian_novel" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopian novel">utopian novel</a> in Polish <a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">science fiction</a>, two of which were allegedly plagiarized by <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a> for his landmark novel <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a></i>. He was a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Stefan_%C5%BBeromski" title="Stefan Żeromski">Stefan Żeromski</a> and <a href="/wiki/Karol_Irzykowski" title="Karol Irzykowski">Karol Irzykowski</a>. His novels and short stories were inspired by the fantastic works of <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Lange" title="Antoni Lange">Antoni Lange</a> and Stefan Grabiński. His poems were influenced by the traumatic experiences of both World Wars. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mieczys%C5%82aw_Smolarski&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born on April 6, 1888, in Kraków, to Kazimierz Smolarski (a lawyer) and Maria Smolarski (<i>née</i> Ripper). </p><p>In 1906, he began studying law at the <a href="/wiki/Jagiellonian_University" title="Jagiellonian University">Jagiellonian University</a>, but after the first half of a year he switched to the Faculty of Philosophy, to study the history of literature, art history, and philosophy, earning a doctorate in 1911. In 1912 he moved for a year to Paris. After returning to Poland in 1914 he became an employee at <a href="/wiki/Czartoryski_Museum" title="Czartoryski Museum">Czartoryski Museum</a> in Kraków. In 1916–18, he was a middle school teacher in <a href="/wiki/Zakopane" title="Zakopane">Zakopane</a>. </p><p>In 1918 he moved permanently to Warsaw, where he became deputy head of Bureau for the Council of State of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Poland" title="Kingdom of Poland">Kingdom of Poland</a>, whose creation was contemplated in the later years of WWI. After the <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> was established instead, at the end of the war, he was appointed to a position on the administration of the <a href="/wiki/Sejm" title="Sejm">Sejm</a> (Polish Parliament). In May 1934 he resigned from this job due to a conflict with the new director of the Bureau Władysław Dziadosz. After some time he was employed as an official in the Foreign Ministry, where he worked until the outbreak of World War II. </p><p>In 1928, he declared his accession to the Polish Literary Chamber (Council). He was a founding member of the Polish <a href="/wiki/PEN_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="PEN Club">PEN Club</a>. In 1929, he was the founder and chairman of the Polish Fiction Association, active until 1937. </p><p>He spent the years of the <a href="/wiki/German_occupation_of_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="German occupation of Poland">German occupation</a> in the capital. In the summer of 1940 he was arrested by the <a href="/wiki/Gestapo" title="Gestapo">Gestapo</a> and was imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Pawiak" title="Pawiak">Pawiak</a> for several weeks. During the <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Uprising" title="Warsaw Uprising">Warsaw Uprising</a> of 1944 his house was destroyed, <a href="/wiki/Destruction_of_Warsaw" title="Destruction of Warsaw">like much of the city</a>. </p><p>After the war, in 1945 he became the deputy curator in the <a href="/wiki/Niebor%C3%B3w" title="Nieborów">Nieborów</a> branch of the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Warsaw" class="mw-redirect" title="National Museum of Warsaw">National Museum of Warsaw</a>. In the years 1946-1951 - when the desolate Warsaw was being rebuilt - he stayed in <a href="/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA" title="Łódź">Łódź</a>, which served as a temporary capital. Then he returned to Warsaw, where among other things he wrote several travel guides. </p><p>After the war, he was a member of the Polish Writers' Union and from 1957 the Writers' Club "Krąg". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alleged_plagiarism_by_Huxley">Alleged plagiarism by Huxley</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mieczys%C5%82aw_Smolarski&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Alleged plagiarism by Huxley"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His books <i>Miasto światłości</i> (<i>The City of Light</i>, 1924) and <i>Podróż poślubna pana Hamiltona</i> (<i>The Honeymoon Trip of Mr. Hamilton</i>, 1928) were allegedly <a href="/wiki/Plagiarism" title="Plagiarism">plagiarized</a> by <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Brave_New_World" title="Brave New World">Brave New World</a></i>, published in 1932.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the books were translated to English (as well as to Russian, Spanish, Italian and German) Huxley could have had a chance to read them. The assertions of plagiarism were considered by the PEN Club, but there was no resolution. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mieczys%C5%82aw_Smolarski&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His wife was Halina Bronikowska-Smolarska (1888–1964) a poet. </p><p>His son Bohdan (1924–1943) was a soldier of the anti-Nazi underground <a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a> (Home Army), serving in the "VIII Strike Personnel Battalion" of Lieutenant Zbigniew Czarnocki "Czarny". He was among 24 underground fighters who were betrayed by an inhabitant of the village of <a href="/wiki/Stryjewka" class="mw-redirect" title="Stryjewka">Stryjówka</a> and perished nearby in an unequal fight with the German Army and Military Police, on September 20, 1943. The name of Podchor. (Ensign) Bohdan Smolarski "Krzysztof" appears among the other names of the fallen fighters, on a plaque erected there after the war, affixed to a tall obelisk surrounded by young trees, fenced and well maintained.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mieczys%C5%82aw_Smolarski&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Warneńczyk</i> (1920–1921)</li> <li><i>Archiwariusz Gordon</i> (Archivist Gordon) (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_Light_(novel)" title="The City of Light (novel)">Miasto światłości</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><i>Czarcie kręgi</i> (1926)</li> <li><i>Poszukiwacz złota</i> (1927)</li> <li><i>Podróż poślubna pana Hamiltona</i> (1928)</li> <li><i>Lalka Hanny Korda</i> (1929)</li> <li><i>Przygoda jednej nocy</i> (1932)</li> <li><i>Światło nad księgami</i> (1954)</li> <li><i>W złoconych pałacach wielkiego chana</i> (1956)</li> <li><i>Pierścień z Apollonem</i> (1957)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mieczys%C5%82aw_Smolarski&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmuszkiewicz1982" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Smuszkiewicz, Antoni (1982). <i>Zaczarowana gra</i> [<i>Enchanted game</i>] (in Polish). <a href="/wiki/Pozna%C5%84" title="Poznań">Poznań</a>: Wydawn. Poznanskie. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/251929765">251929765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Zaczarowana+gra&rft.place=Pozna%C5%84&rft.pub=Wydawn.+Poznanskie&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F251929765&rft.aulast=Smuszkiewicz&rft.aufirst=Antoni&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMieczys%C5%82aw+Smolarski" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (September 2010)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Information translated from Polish-language Armija Krajowa Memorial Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://corvusalbus.y0.pl/armii,krajowej.php">[1]</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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