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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Erreferentziak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Erreferentziak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Erreferentziak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kanpo_estekak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kanpo_estekak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kanpo estekak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kanpo_estekak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Edukiak" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Eduki-taula" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Eduki taularen ikusgarritasuna aldatu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Biogeografia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Joan beste hizkuntza batean idatzitako artikulu batera. 87 hizkuntzatan eskuragarri." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-87" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">87 hizkuntza</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – afrikaansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%AD%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="جغرافيا حيوية – arabiera" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جغرافيا حيوية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioco%C4%9Frafiya" title="Biocoğrafiya – azerbaijanera" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Biocoğrafiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijanera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بیوجوغرافیا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیوجوغرافیا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – baxkirera" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baxkirera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioheograpiya" title="Bioheograpiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Bioheograpiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біягеаграфія – bielorrusiera" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Біягеаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біягеаграфія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Біягеаграфія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – bulgariera" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="जीवभूगोल – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जीवभूगोल" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%80%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B2" title="জীবভূগোল – bengalera" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জীবভূগোল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – bosniera" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – katalana" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%95ng-%C5%ADk_D%C3%AA-l%C4%AB-h%C5%8Fk" title="Sĕng-ŭk Dê-lī-hŏk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sĕng-ŭk Dê-lī-hŏk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Биогеографи – txetxenera" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Биогеографи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="txetxenera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%86%D8%AC%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="بایۆجوگرافیا – erdialdeko kurduera" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بایۆجوگرافیا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="erdialdeko kurduera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – txekiera" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txekiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8" title="Биогеографи – txuvaxera" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Биогеографи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaxera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioddaearyddiaeth" title="Bioddaearyddiaeth – galesa" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bioddaearyddiaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – daniera" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeographie" title="Biogeographie – alemana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Biogeographie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoco%C4%9Frafya" title="Biyocoğrafya – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Biyocoğrafya" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%B5%CF%89%CE%B3%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Βιογεωγραφία – greziera" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιογεωγραφία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography – ingelesa" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Biogeography" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ingelesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografio" title="Biogeografio – esperantoa" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Biogeografio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperantoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeograf%C3%ADa" title="Biogeografía – gaztelania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Biogeografía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="gaztelania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeograafia" title="Biogeograafia – estoniera" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Biogeograafia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جغرافیای زیستی – persiera" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جغرافیای زیستی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C3%B6maantiede" title="Eliömaantiede – finlandiera" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Eliömaantiede" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biog%C3%A9ographie" title="Biogéographie – frantsesa" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Biogéographie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="frantsesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithgheografa%C3%ADocht" title="Bithgheografaíocht – irlandera" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bithgheografaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioxeograf%C3%ADa" title="Bioxeografía – galiziera" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bioxeografía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%99%D7%95%D7%92%D7%90%D7%95%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%94" title="ביוגאוגרפיה – hebreera" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ביוגאוגרפיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%B5_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2" title="जैव भूगोल – hindia" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जैव भूगोल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – kroaziera" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeogr%C3%A1fia" title="Biogeográfia – hungariera" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Biogeográfia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungariera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%A1%D5%A1%D5%B7%D5%AD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B0%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Կենսաաշխարհագրություն – armeniera" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կենսաաշխարհագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – indonesiera" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografio" title="Biogeografio – idoa" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Biogeografio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="idoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADflandafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Líflandafræði – islandiera" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Líflandafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – italiera" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学 – japoniera" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="生物地理学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოგეოგრაფია – georgiera" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიოგეოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – kazakhera" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakhera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%EB%AC%BC%EC%A7%80%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99" title="생물지리학 – koreera" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생물지리학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – kirgizera" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgizera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeographia" title="Biogeographia – latina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Biogeographia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – limburgera" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – lituaniera" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio%C4%A3eogr%C4%81fija" title="Bioģeogrāfija – letoniera" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bioģeogrāfija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биогеографија – mazedoniera" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Биогеографија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="mazedoniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%AD%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="ജൈവഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം – malabarera" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ജൈവഭൂമിശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabarera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – malaysiera" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaysiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – behe-alemana" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="behe-alemana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – nederlandera" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – nynorsk (norvegiera)" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="nynorsk (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – bokmål (norvegiera)" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="bokmål (norvegiera)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – okzitaniera" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="okzitaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – poloniera" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D9%88%D9%86%DA%81%D9%85%DA%A9%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="ژونځمکپوهنه – paxtunera" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ژونځمکپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paxtunera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – portugesa" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugesa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kawsay_allpa_saywachi" title="Kawsay allpa saywachi – kitxua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kawsay allpa saywachi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="kitxua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – errumaniera" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="errumaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биогеография – errusiera" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биогеография" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="errusiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografie" title="Biogeografie – eskoziera" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Biogeografie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="eskoziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – serbokroaziera" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroaziera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%9B%E0%B7%80_%E0%B6%B7%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%9C%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BD_%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="ජෛව භූගෝල විද්‍යාව – sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ජෛව භූගෝල විද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeography" title="Biogeography – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Biogeography" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Biogeografia – eslovakiera" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Biogeografia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovakiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografija" title="Biogeografija – esloveniera" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Biogeografija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogjeografia" title="Biogjeografia – albaniera" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Biogjeografia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaniera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Биогеографија – serbiera" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биогеографија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografi" title="Biogeografi – suediera" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Biogeografi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suediera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உயிர்ப்புவியியல் – tamilera" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உயிர்ப்புவியியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BE%D2%B7%D1%83%D2%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Биоҷуғрофия – tajikera" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Биоҷуғрофия" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajikera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ชีวภูมิศาสตร์ – thailandiera" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ชีวภูมิศาสตร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoco%C4%9Frafya" title="Biyocoğrafya – turkiera" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Biyocoğrafya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turkiera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Біогеографія – ukrainera" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біогеографія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%DB%8C%DB%81" title="حیاتیاتی جغرافیہ – urdua" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حیاتیاتی جغرافیہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biogeografiya" title="Biogeografiya – uzbekera" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Biogeografiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbekera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%8Ba_l%C3%BD_sinh_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Địa lý sinh học – vietnamera" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Địa lý sinh học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biyoheyograpiya" title="Biyoheyograpiya – warayera" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Biyoheyograpiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="warayera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学 – wu txinera" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="生物地理学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="ბიოგეოგრაფია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბიოგეოგრაფია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%A6" title="生物地理学 – txinera" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="生物地理学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="txinera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seng-bu%CC%8Dt_t%C4%93-l%C3%AD-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Seng-bu̍t tē-lí-ha̍k – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Seng-bu̍t tē-lí-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%94%9F%E7%89%A9%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86%E5%AD%B8" title="生物地理學 – kantonera" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="生物地理學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q52106#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Aldatu hizkuntzen arteko loturak" class="wbc-editpage">Aldatu loturak</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Izen-tarteak"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Biogeografia" title="Eduki orrialdea ikusi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikulua</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eztabaida:Biogeografia&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Artikuluari buruzko eztabaida (sortu gabe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Eztabaida</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div 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dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Wallace_biogeography.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wallace_biogeography.jpg/500px-Wallace_biogeography.jpg" decoding="async" width="500" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wallace_biogeography.jpg/750px-Wallace_biogeography.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Wallace_biogeography.jpg/1000px-Wallace_biogeography.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1524" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Munduko sei eskualde biogeografikoak erakusten dituen <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Russel_Wallace" title="Alfred Russel Wallace">Alfred Russel Wallaceren</a> <i>The Geographical Distribution of Animals</i> liburuko mapa (1876)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Biogeografia</b> landare zein animalien banaketa geografikoa aztertzen duen <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biologiaren</a> zein geografiaren adarra da. Unitate biogeografikoetan izandako aldaketak eta horien zergatia aztertzen ditu, <a href="/wiki/Izaki" title="Izaki">izaki</a> bizidunak inguruari nola egokitzen zaizkion, <a href="/wiki/Ekosistema" title="Ekosistema">ekosistemak</a> eta elkarreragin ekologikoak kontuan hartuz. </p><p>Biogeografia alde asko dituen zientzia bat da; <a href="/wiki/Espezie" title="Espezie">espezie</a>-kopuruak leku batzuetan eta besteetan nola diren desberdin aztertzen du, eta desberdintasun hori esplikatzen saiatzen da. Eragile fisiko, biologiko eta historiko askok baldintzatzen dute espezieen banaketa-eremua; banaketa edo barreiaketa horrek ezin du, <a href="/wiki/Natura" title="Natura">naturak</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Klima" title="Klima">klimak</a> jartzen dituzten oztopoak direla eta, uniformea izan alde guztietan, eta, beraz, ezaugarritzat espezie jakin batzuk harturik, haiek agertzen diren eremuak definitzen dira. Eremu horien barnean, landareak eta animaliak <a href="/wiki/Bioma" title="Bioma">bioma</a> deitu ohi diren multzo handitan antolatuta daude. Bestalde, erabakigarriak dira biogeografian espeziazio-gertaerak, horiei esker sortzen baitira animalia- eta landare-espezie berriak (ikus <a href="/wiki/Espeziazio" title="Espeziazio">espeziazio</a>). </p><p>Lurraren gainean 1.600.000 espezie ezagutzen dira, eta, horiez gainera, badira hainbat milioi espezie iraungiak direnak; haietaz dakigun apurtxoa <a href="/wiki/Fosil" title="Fosil">fosil</a>-erregistroan utzi zituzten aztarnei esker dakigu. Espezieak edozein tokitan agertu izan dira, eboluzioak hartaraturik, inguruneak eraginik edo izaki bizien multzoen genetikaren eraginez, baina espezie bakoitzak banaketa geografiko jakin bat du edo izan du; alegia, espezie bakoitzak bere eremu mugatua izan du Lurrean, habitat jakin batzuetan soilik agertzen da, eta leku guztietan ez da beti oparotasun berberaz agertzen. Banaketa-eremu horiek eta espezieen ugaritasuna ez dira beti berdinak izan, aldakorrak dira aitzitik; hasieran txikiak izan ohi dira tamainaz eta kopuruz, gero handituz joaten dira, eta txikitzen hasten dira berriz, harik eta, azkenik, zeharo urritu eta espezie hori iraungi egiten den arte. Beraz, espezieak ez dira era berean banatzen Lurrean zehar, aitzitik, eragile askok eta era askotakoek baldintzatzen dituzte espazioan eta denboran zehar banatzeko dituzten ereduak. Banaketa horiek eta banaketa horien eragileak aztertzea da, hain zuzen, biogeografiaren helburua. Maila desberdineko <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxonen</a> banaketa-ereduak deskribatu eta ulertu nahi ditu; non sortu zen espezie jakin bat, zergatik bizi den eremu jakin batean, eta zergatik ez den bizi ustez egoera bera duten beste eremu batzuetan. </p><p>Galdera asko egin daiteke pentsaera horren inguruan, eta asko argi daitezke <a href="/wiki/Historia" title="Historia">historiaren</a> argitan, besterik gabe. Handia da, beraz, historiak biogeografiari egin dion ekarria; horretan, jakina, nahitaezkoak dira fosilen azterketa eta <a href="/wiki/Plaken_tektonika" title="Plaken tektonika">plaken tektonika</a>, hots, Lurraren historian zehar <a href="/wiki/Kontinente" title="Kontinente">kontinenteak</a> nola elkartu eta bereizi ziren argitzen duen teoria. </p><p>Biogeografia alde asko dituen zientzia bat da, beste zientzia askoren ezagutzak biltzen dituena (batez ere ekologia, izaki bizien multzoen <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biologia</a>, sistematika, bilakaeraren biologia, geologia eta naturaren historia), eta informazio-kantitate handi bat laburtzen eta biltzen duena. Nolanahi ere, zientzia honetan diharduten zientzialariak oso arlo jakinetan espezializatzen dira: <a href="/wiki/Taxonomia" title="Taxonomia">taxonomian</a> (fitogeografoek landareak aztertzen dituzte; zoogeografoek, berriz, animaliak), biogeografia historikoan (taxonen edo komunitateen jatorria, haien zabalkundea eta iraungitzea argitzen saiatzen da), edo biogeografia ekologikoan (espezieen gaur egungo banaketa argitu nahi du, <a href="/wiki/Organismo" title="Organismo">organismoek</a> eta ingurune fisiko nahiz biotikoak elkarrengan dituzten eraginen argitan). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eskualde_biogeografikoak">Eskualde biogeografikoak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeografia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Eskualde biogeografikoak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeografia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Eskualde biogeografikoak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Lurrean badira oso eskualde handiak, kontinente osoek ere eratuak izan daitezkeenak, oztopo geografikoz bereiziak, eta, beraz, zeinek bere animalia eta landare bereziak dituztenak. Biogeografian, izen bereziak dituzte eskualde horiek; asko dira, beraz, Lurraren atal biologiko esan diezaiekegunak, maila desberdinekoak, eta beren animalia- eta landare-espezieen arabera zatituak. Erreinu, eskualde eta probintzia deritzen zatiketa horiek taxonomia dute oinarri, eremu bakoitzeko izaki bizidunak bereizten ditu, alegia. Naturako oztopoek sortzen dituzte zatiketa horiek, zatiketa edo eremu horietako bati dagozkion espezie gehienei ez baitiete handik kanpo sakabanatzen uzten. Garrantzi handia dute, beraz, itsaso eta <a href="/wiki/Ozeano" title="Ozeano">ozeanoek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basamortu" title="Basamortu">basamortuek</a> edo <a href="/wiki/Mendilerro" title="Mendilerro">mendikate</a> handiek eskualdeak mugatzerakoan. Hala ere, erreinu horien arteko muga ez dago zehatz definitua, aitzitik, badira nahasketazko eta bitarteko eremu zabalak; mendi handiak (<a href="/wiki/Himalaia" title="Himalaia">Himalaia</a>, adibidez), itsasadar zabalak edo izotz basamortuak daudenean, orduan baizik ez dira eskualdeen arteko zatiketak garbiak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Erreferentziak">Erreferentziak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeografia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Erreferentziak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeografia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Erreferentziak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="boilerplate" style="text-align:left; font-size: 90%"> <ul><li>Artikulu honen edukiaren zati bat <i>Lur hiztegi entziklopediko</i>tik edo <i>Lur entziklopedia tematiko</i>tik txertatu zen 2011/12/26 egunean. Egile-eskubideen jabeak, <a href="/wiki/Eusko_Jaurlaritza" title="Eusko Jaurlaritza">Eusko Jaurlaritzak</a>, hiztegi horiek <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/deed.eu">CC-BY 3.0 lizentziarekin</a> argitaratu ditu, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://opendata.euskadi.eus/katalogoa/-/lur-entziklopedia-tematikoa/">Open Data Euskadi webgunean</a>.</li></ul></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kanpo_estekak">Kanpo estekak</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeografia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Aldatu atal hau: «Kanpo estekak»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>aldatu</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Biogeografia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Kanpo estekak"><span>aldatu iturburu kodea</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="clear:both;"></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r7786466">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control,.mw-parser-output .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9236167">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Autoritate_kontrola" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Autoritate_kontrola" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Laguntza:Autoritate_kontrola" title="Laguntza:Autoritate kontrola">Autoritate kontrola</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wikimedia proiektuak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52106" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q52106">Q52106</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biogeography">Biogeography</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q52106%22">Q52106</a></span></span></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><b>Identifikadoreak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX525766">XX525766</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13162665q">13162665q</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13162665q">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4006801-8">4006801-8</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85014147">sh85014147</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00570278">00570278</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph114154">ph114154</a></span></li> <li><b>Hiztegiak eta entziklopediak</b></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Britannica</a>:</span> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/biogeography">url</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="mw-mf-linked-projects hlist"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span> Datuak:</span> <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52106" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q52106">Q52106</a></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Commonscat"><img alt="Commonscat" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Multimedia:</span> <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Biogeography">Biogeography</a></span> / <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MediaSearch?type=image&search=%22Q52106%22">Q52106</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236165" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Biologia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9236167" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9235565">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output 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class="new" title="Txantiloi eztabaida:Biologia (sortu gabe)"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau eztabaidatu" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-aldatu"><a class="external text" href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Txantiloi:Biologia&action=edit"><abbr title="Txantiloi hau aldatu" style="background:#90EE90;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">a</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Biologia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">Biologia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><center>Biologiaren<br />adarrak</center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatomia" title="Anatomia">Anatomia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antropologia_fisikoa" class="mw-redirect" 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</div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxategi:Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/140px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/210px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg/280px-Tree_of_life_by_Haeckel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="2856" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><center>Antolamendu<br />biologikoa</center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Biosfera" 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scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><center>Biologiaren<br />oinarriak</center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Teoria_zelular" title="Teoria zelular">Teoria zelularra</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Ekologia" title="Ekologia">Ekologia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Energia" title="Energia">Energiaren transformazioa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Eboluzioa" class="mw-redirect" title="Eboluzioa">Eboluzioa</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Genetika" title="Genetika">Genetika</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Homeostasi" title="Homeostasi">Homeostasia</a>  •  <a href="/wiki/Taxonomia" title="Taxonomia">Taxonomia</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#90EE90;width:1%"><center>Biologiaren<br />printzipioak</center></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table 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