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subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-1925–1930_Early_French_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1925–1930_Early_French_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 1925–1930 Early French period </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1925–1930_Early_French_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Un_Chien_Andalou_(1929)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Un_Chien_Andalou_(1929)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.1 Un Chien Andalou (1929) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Un_Chien_Andalou_(1929)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-L'Age_d'Or_(1930)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#L'Age_d'Or_(1930)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1.2 L'Age d'Or (1930) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-L'Age_d'Or_(1930)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1931–1937:_Spain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1931–1937:_Spain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 1931–1937: Spain </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1931–1937:_Spain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1938–1945:_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1938–1945:_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 1938–1945: United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1938–1945:_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1946–1953:_Mexico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1946–1953:_Mexico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 1946–1953: Mexico </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1946–1953:_Mexico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1954–1965:_International_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1954–1965:_International_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 1954–1965: International work </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1954–1965:_International_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1966–1983:_Acclaim_and_final_films" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1966–1983:_Acclaim_and_final_films"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 1966–1983: Acclaim and final films </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1966–1983:_Acclaim_and_final_films-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Personal life </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Personal life subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Personal_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Marriage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Marriage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Illness_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Illness_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Illness and death </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Illness_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technique_and_influences" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technique_and_influences"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Technique and influences </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Technique_and_influences-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Retrospectives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Retrospectives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Retrospectives </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Retrospectives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Filmography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards,_influence,_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards,_influence,_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Awards, influence, and legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards,_influence,_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Luis Buñuel</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 71 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-71" aria-hidden="true" > 71 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84" title="لويس بونويل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لويس بونويل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bunyuel" title="Luis Bunyuel – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Luis Bunyuel" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%B8_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B2" title="লুইস বুনিউয়েল – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লুইস বুনিউয়েল" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%96%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Луіс Буньюэль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Луіс Буньюэль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Луис Бунюел – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Луис Бунюел" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel_Portol%C3%A9s" title="Luis Buñuel Portolés – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Luis Buñuel Portolés" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Луис Бунюэль – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Луис Бунюэль" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AF%CF%82_%CE%9C%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AD%CE%BB" title="Λουίς Μπουνιουέλ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λουίς Μπουνιουέλ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A6%D9%84" title="لوئیس بونوئل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لوئیس بونوئل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A3%A8%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B6%80%EB%89%B4%EC%97%98" title="루이스 부뉴엘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="루이스 부뉴엘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AB%D5%BD_%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A5%D5%AC" title="Լուիս Բունյուել – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լուիս Բունյուել" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2" title="लुई बुनुएल – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लुई बुनुएल" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A1_%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C" title="לואיס בוניואל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לואיס בוניואל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%91%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="ლუის ბუნიუელი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლუის ბუნიუელი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Луис Бунюэль – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Луис Бунюэль" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovicus_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Ludovicus Buñuel – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ludovicus Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiss_Bunjuels" title="Luiss Bunjuels – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Luiss Bunjuels" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Луис Буњел – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Луис Буњел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BD" title="ലൂയി ബുനുവേൽ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലൂയി ബുനുവേൽ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%84" title="لويس بونويل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="لويس بونويل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AB%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%83%96%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB" title="ルイス・ブニュエル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ルイス・ブニュエル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8E%D1%8D%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Бунюэль, Луис – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бунюэль, Луис" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bunuel" title="Luis Bunuel – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Luis Bunuel" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%83%D1%9A%D1%83%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Луис Буњуел – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Луис Буњуел" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="ลุยส์ บุญญูเอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลุยส์ บุญญูเอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97%D1%81_%D0%91%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%8E%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Луїс Бунюель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Луїс Бунюель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Luis Buñuel – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Luis Buñuel" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%C2%B7%E5%B8%83%E5%8A%AA%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94" title="路易斯·布努埃尔 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="路易斯·布努埃尔" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish-Mexican filmmaker (1900–1983)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Spanish_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish name">Spanish name</a>, the first or paternal <a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is Buñuel and the second or maternal family name is Portolés.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Luis Buñuel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:LuisBu%C3%B1uel1929.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/LuisBu%C3%B1uel1929.jpg/220px-LuisBu%C3%B1uel1929.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/LuisBu%C3%B1uel1929.jpg/330px-LuisBu%C3%B1uel1929.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/LuisBu%C3%B1uel1929.jpg/440px-LuisBu%C3%B1uel1929.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1207" data-file-height="1547" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Buñuel in 1929</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Luis Buñuel Portolés</div> (1900-02-22)22 February 1900 <div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Calanda,_Aragon" class="mw-redirect" title="Calanda, Aragon">Calanda, Aragon</a>, Spain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">29 July 1983(1983-07-29) (aged 83) <div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>, Mexico</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Spanish, Mexican</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citizenship</th><td class="infobox-data category"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Spanish (<a href="/wiki/Renunciation_of_citizenship" title="Renunciation of citizenship">renounced</a> 1949)</li><li>Mexican (from 1949)<a href="#cite_note-Harvard.edu-1">[1]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">University of Madrid</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Filmmaker</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1929–1977</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable work</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="#Filmography">Full list</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Rucar" title="Jeanne Rucar">Jeanne Rucar</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1934)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Juan Luis Buñuel">Juan Luis</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Diego Buñuel">Diego Buñuel</a> (grandson)</td></tr></tbody></table> Luis Buñuel Portolés (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[ˈlwis βuˈɲwel poɾtoˈles]</a>; 22 February 1900 – 29 July 1983) was a Spanish and Mexican<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> filmmaker who worked in France, Mexico, and Spain.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> He has been widely considered by many film critics, historians, and directors to be one of the greatest and most influential filmmakers of all time.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-9">[9]</a> Buñuel's works were known for their <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a> which were also infused with <a href="/wiki/Political_commentary" class="mw-redirect" title="Political commentary">political commentary</a>. Often associated with the <a href="/wiki/Surrealist_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealist movement">surrealist movement</a> of the 1920s, Buñuel made films from the 1920s through the 1970s. He collaborated with prolific surrealist painter <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dali" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvador Dali">Salvador Dali</a> creating the films <a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a> (1929), which was made in the <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent era</a>, and <a href="/wiki/L%27Age_d%27Or" title="L'Age d'Or">L'Age d'Or</a> (1930).<a href="#cite_note-koller-10">[10]</a> The two films are seen as the birth of <a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Cinematic surrealism</a>. From 1947 to 1960 he developed his skills as a director filming in Mexico making grounded and human <a href="/wiki/Melodramas" class="mw-redirect" title="Melodramas">melodramas</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Gran_Casino" title="Gran Casino">Gran Casino</a> (1947), <a href="/wiki/Los_Olvidados" title="Los Olvidados">Los Olvidados</a> (1950), and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l_(film)" title="Él (film)">Él</a> (1953). Here is where he gained the fundamentals of storytelling. Buñuel then transitioned into making artful, <a href="/wiki/Unconventional" class="mw-redirect" title="Unconventional">unconventional</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrealist" class="mw-redirect" title="Surrealist">surrealist</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Political" class="mw-redirect" title="Political">political</a> <a href="/wiki/Satirical" class="mw-redirect" title="Satirical">satirical</a> films. He earned acclaim with the morally complex arthouse drama film <a href="/wiki/Viridiana" title="Viridiana">Viridiana</a> (1961) which criticized the <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist dictatorship</a>. The film won the <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1961_Cannes_Film_Festival" title="1961 Cannes Film Festival">1961 Cannes Film Festival</a>. He then criticized political and social conditions in <a href="/wiki/The_Exterminating_Angel" title="The Exterminating Angel">The Exterminating Angel</a> (1962), and <a href="/wiki/The_Discreet_Charm_of_the_Bourgeoisie" title="The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie">The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie</a> (1972) the latter of which won the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a>. He also directed <a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Chambermaid_(1964_film)" title="Diary of a Chambermaid (1964 film)">Diary of a Chambermaid</a> (1964), and <a href="/wiki/Belle_de_Jour_(film)" title="Belle de Jour (film)">Belle de Jour</a> (1967), as well as his final film <a href="/wiki/That_Obscure_Object_of_Desire" title="That Obscure Object of Desire">That Obscure Object of Desire</a> (1977) the latter of which earned the <a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Director" title="National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director">National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Ramirez_Berg-11">[11]</a> Buñuel earned five <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> prizes, two <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin International Film Festival</a> prizes, and a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award">BAFTA Award</a> as well as nominations for two <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award">Academy Awards</a>. Buñuel received numerous honors including <a href="/wiki/National_Prize_for_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="National Prize for Arts and Sciences">National Prize for Arts and Sciences</a> for Fine Arts in 1977, the <a href="/wiki/11th_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="11th Moscow International Film Festival">Moscow International Film Festival</a> Contribution to Cinema Prize in 1979, and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion" title="Golden Lion">Career Golden Lion</a> in 1982. He was nominated twice for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in <a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a> and <a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>. Seven of Buñuel's films are included in <a href="/wiki/Sight_%26_Sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Sight & Sound">Sight & Sound</a>'s 2012 critics' poll of the top 250 films of all time.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vista_parcial_de_Calanda._Foto_Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Bielsa.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Calanda, Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vista_parcial_de_Calanda._Foto_Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Bielsa.JPG/220px-Vista_parcial_de_Calanda._Foto_Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Bielsa.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vista_parcial_de_Calanda._Foto_Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Bielsa.JPG/330px-Vista_parcial_de_Calanda._Foto_Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Bielsa.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Vista_parcial_de_Calanda._Foto_Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Bielsa.JPG/440px-Vista_parcial_de_Calanda._Foto_Jos%C3%A9_Antonio_Bielsa.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Calanda,_Spain" title="Calanda, Spain">Calanda</a>, Spain</figcaption></figure> Buñuel was born on 22 February 1900 in <a href="/wiki/Calanda,_Spain" title="Calanda, Spain">Calanda</a>, a small town in the <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a> region of Spain.<a href="#cite_note-Alcala-14">[14]</a>: pp.16–17  His father was Leonardo Buñuel, also a native of Calanda, who had left home at age 14 to start a hardware business in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana, Cuba</a>, ultimately amassing a fortune and returning home to Calanda at the age of 43, in 1898.<a href="#cite_note-Havana-15">[15]</a> He married the 18-year-old daughter of the only innkeeper in Calanda, María Portolés Cerezuela.<a href="#cite_note-gallegos-16">[16]</a> The oldest of seven children, Luis had two brothers, Alfonso and Leonardo, and four sisters: Alicia, Concepción, Margarita and María.<a href="#cite_note-schwarze-17">[17]</a> He later described his birthplace by saying that in Calanda, "the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> lasted until <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>".<a href="#cite_note-Luis_Buñuel_1983-18">[18]</a> When Buñuel was four months old, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, where they were one of the wealthiest families in town.<a href="#cite_note-Alcala-14">[14]</a>: p.22  In Zaragoza, Buñuel received a strict <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Society of Jesus">Jesuit</a> education at the private Colegio del Salvador,<a href="#cite_note-Alcala-14">[14]</a>: pp.23–36  starting at the age of seven and continuing for the next seven years.<a href="#cite_note-Lorca,_Buñuel,_Dalí-19">[19]</a>: p.22  After being kicked and insulted by the study hall proctor before a final exam, Buñuel refused to return to the school.<a href="#cite_note-directors_guide-20">[20]</a> He told his mother he had been expelled, which was not true; in fact, he had received the highest marks on his world history exam.<a href="#cite_note-Luis_Buñuel_1983-18">[18]</a> Buñuel finished the last two years of his high school education at the local public school,<a href="#cite_note-directors_guide-20">[20]</a> graduating at the age of 16. Even as a child, Buñuel was something of a cinematic showman; friends from that period described productions in which Buñuel projected shadows on a screen using a <a href="/wiki/Magic_lantern" title="Magic lantern">magic lantern</a> and a bedsheet.<a href="#cite_note-A_Proposito_de_Bunuel-21">[21]</a> He also excelled at boxing and playing the violin.<a href="#cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-9">[9]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Benjam%C3%ADn_Jarn%C3%A9s,_Humberto_P%C3%A9rez_de_la_Ossa,_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel._Rafael_Barradas_y_Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca._Madrid,_1923.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Benjamín Jarnés, Humberto Pérez de la Ossa, Luis Buñuel. Rafael Barradas y Federico García Lorca. Madrid, 1923" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjam%C3%ADn_Jarn%C3%A9s%2C_Humberto_P%C3%A9rez_de_la_Ossa%2C_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel._Rafael_Barradas_y_Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca._Madrid%2C_1923.jpg/180px-Benjam%C3%ADn_Jarn%C3%A9s%2C_Humberto_P%C3%A9rez_de_la_Ossa%2C_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel._Rafael_Barradas_y_Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca._Madrid%2C_1923.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjam%C3%ADn_Jarn%C3%A9s%2C_Humberto_P%C3%A9rez_de_la_Ossa%2C_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel._Rafael_Barradas_y_Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca._Madrid%2C_1923.jpg/271px-Benjam%C3%ADn_Jarn%C3%A9s%2C_Humberto_P%C3%A9rez_de_la_Ossa%2C_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel._Rafael_Barradas_y_Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca._Madrid%2C_1923.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Benjam%C3%ADn_Jarn%C3%A9s%2C_Humberto_P%C3%A9rez_de_la_Ossa%2C_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel._Rafael_Barradas_y_Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca._Madrid%2C_1923.jpg/360px-Benjam%C3%ADn_Jarn%C3%A9s%2C_Humberto_P%C3%A9rez_de_la_Ossa%2C_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel._Rafael_Barradas_y_Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca._Madrid%2C_1923.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="620" /></a><figcaption> Luis Buñuel (top row, right), Madrid, 1923</figcaption></figure> In his youth, Buñuel was deeply religious, serving at Mass and taking Communion every day, until, at the age of 16, he grew disgusted with what he perceived as the illogicality of the Church, along with its power and wealth.<a href="#cite_note-brandon-22">[22]</a>: p.292  In 1917, he attended the <a href="/wiki/Complutense_University_of_Madrid" title="Complutense University of Madrid">University of Madrid</a>, first studying <a href="/wiki/Agronomy" title="Agronomy">agronomy</a> then <a href="/wiki/Industrial_engineering" title="Industrial engineering">industrial engineering</a> and finally switching to <a href="/wiki/Philosophy" title="Philosophy">philosophy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-smith_celebrities-23">[23]</a> He developed very close relationships with painter <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a> and poet <a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Federico García Lorca</a>, among other important Spanish creative artists living in the <a href="/wiki/Residencia_de_Estudiantes" title="Residencia de Estudiantes">Residencia de Estudiantes</a>, with the three friends forming the nucleus of the Spanish Surrealist <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a>,<a href="#cite_note-delgado-24">[24]</a> and becoming known as members of "<a href="/wiki/Generation_of_%2727" title="Generation of '27">La Generación del 27</a>".<a href="#cite_note-poets.org-25">[25]</a> Buñuel was especially taken with García Lorca, later writing in his autobiography: <blockquote>We liked each other instantly. Although we seemed to have little in common—I was a redneck from Aragon, and he an elegant Andalusian—we spent most of our time together...We used to sit on the grass in the evenings behind the Residencia (at that time, there were vast open spaces reaching to the horizon), and he would read me his poems. He read slowly and beautifully, and through him I began to discover a wholly new world.<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.62 </blockquote> Buñuel's relationship with Dalí was somewhat more troubled, being tinged with jealousy over the growing intimacy between Dalí and Lorca and resentment over Dalí's early success as an artist.<a href="#cite_note-brandon-22">[22]</a>: p.300  Buñuel's interest in films was intensified by a viewing of <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Lang" title="Fritz Lang">Fritz Lang</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Destiny_(1921_film)" title="Destiny (1921 film)">Der müde Tod</a>: "I came out of the <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9%C3%A2tre_du_Vieux-Colombier" title="Théâtre du Vieux-Colombier">Vieux Colombier</a> [theater] completely transformed. Images could and did become for me the true means of expression. I decided to devote myself to the cinema".<a href="#cite_note-Buffalo_Film_Seminars_1-27">[27]</a> At the age of 72, Buñuel had not lost his enthusiasm for this film, asking the octogenarian Lang for his autograph.<a href="#cite_note-brandon-22">[22]</a>: p.301  <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1925–1930_Early_French_period">1925–1930 Early French period</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1925–1930 Early French period">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean_epstein_1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jean_epstein_1920.jpg/150px-Jean_epstein_1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jean_epstein_1920.jpg/225px-Jean_epstein_1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Jean_epstein_1920.jpg/300px-Jean_epstein_1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1586" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Jean Epstein</a>, Buñuel's first film collaborator</figcaption></figure> In 1925 Buñuel moved to Paris, where he began work as a secretary in an organization called the International Society of Intellectual Cooperation.<a href="#cite_note-bfi_vol_3-28">[28]</a>: p.124  He also became actively involved in cinema and theater, going to the movies as often as three times a day.<a href="#cite_note-williams-29">[29]</a> Through these interests, he met a number of influential people, including the pianist <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Vi%C3%B1es" title="Ricardo Viñes">Ricardo Viñes</a>, who was instrumental in securing Buñuel's selection as artistic director of the Dutch premiere of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_de_Falla" title="Manuel de Falla">Manuel de Falla</a>'s puppet-opera <a href="/wiki/El_retablo_de_maese_Pedro" title="El retablo de maese Pedro">El retablo de maese Pedro</a> in 1926.<a href="#cite_note-talens-30">[30]</a>: p.29  He decided to enter the film industry and enrolled in a private film school run by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Epstein" title="Jean Epstein">Jean Epstein</a> and some associates.<a href="#cite_note-williams-29">[29]</a> At that time, Epstein was one of the most celebrated commercial directors working in France, his films being hailed as "the triumph of <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionism</a> in motion, but also the triumph of the modern spirit".<a href="#cite_note-sadoul-31">[31]</a> Before long, Buñuel was working for Epstein as an assistant director on <a href="/wiki/Mauprat_(film)" title="Mauprat (film)">Mauprat</a> (1926) and <a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_the_House_of_Usher_(1928_French_film)" title="The Fall of the House of Usher (1928 French film)">La chute de la maison Usher</a> (1928),<a href="#cite_note-edwards-32">[32]</a> and also for <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mario_Nalpas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mario Nalpas (page does not exist)">Mario Nalpas</a> on La Sirène des Tropiques (1927), starring <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Baker" title="Josephine Baker">Josephine Baker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fandor-33">[33]</a> He appeared on screen in a small part as a smuggler in <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Feyder" title="Jacques Feyder">Jacques Feyder</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Carmen_(1926_film)" title="Carmen (1926 film)">Carmen</a> (1926).<a href="#cite_note-brain_juice-34">[34]</a> When Buñuel derisively rejected Epstein's demand that he assist Epstein's mentor, <a href="/wiki/Abel_Gance" title="Abel Gance">Abel Gance</a>, who was at the time working on the film <a href="/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_(1927_film)" title="Napoléon (1927 film)">Napoléon</a>, Epstein dismissed him angrily, saying "How can a little asshole like you dare to talk that way about a great director like Gance?"<a href="#cite_note-talens-30">[30]</a>: p.30  then added "You seem rather surrealist. Beware of surrealists, they are crazy people."<a href="#cite_note-de_la_colina-35">[35]</a> After parting with Epstein, Buñuel worked as film critic for La Gaceta Literaria (1927) and Les Cahiers d'Art (1928).<a href="#cite_note-talens-30">[30]</a>: p.30  In the periodicals L'Amic de les Arts and La gaseta de les Arts, he and Dalí carried on a series of "call and response" essays on cinema and theater, debating such technical issues as segmentation, <a href="/wiki/Cut-up_technique" title="Cut-up technique">découpage</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Insert_(filmmaking)" title="Insert (filmmaking)">insert shot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Film_editing" title="Film editing">rhythmic editing</a>.<a href="#cite_note-dali_collected_writings-36">[36]</a> He also collaborated with the celebrated writer <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_G%C3%B3mez_de_la_Serna" title="Ramón Gómez de la Serna">Ramón Gómez de la Serna</a> on the script for what he hoped would be his first film, "a story in six scenes" called Los caprichos.<a href="#cite_note-talens-30">[30]</a>: pp.30–31  Through his involvement with Gaceta Literaria, he helped establish Madrid's first cine-club and served as its inaugural chairman.<a href="#cite_note-gomez_mesa-37">[37]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Un_Chien_Andalou_(1929)">Un Chien Andalou (1929)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Un Chien Andalou (1929)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg/170px-Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg/255px-Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg/340px-Salvador_Dal%C3%AD_1939.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2885" data-file-height="3706" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a></figcaption></figure> After his apprenticeship with Epstein, Buñuel shot and directed a 16-minute short, <a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>. The film, financed by Buñuel's mother,<a href="#cite_note-brain_juice_andalusian_dog-38">[38]</a> consists of a series of startling images of a <a href="/wiki/Freudian" class="mw-redirect" title="Freudian">Freudian</a> nature,<a href="#cite_note-mansfield-39">[39]</a> starting with a woman's eyeball being sliced open with a razor blade. Un Chien Andalou was enthusiastically received by the burgeoning French <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealist</a> movement of the time<a href="#cite_note-richardson-40">[40]</a> and continues to be shown regularly in <a href="/wiki/Film_society" title="Film society">film societies</a> to this day.<a href="#cite_note-mathijs-41">[41]</a> It has been called "the most famous short film ever made" by critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ebert-42">[42]</a> The script was written in six days at Dalí's home in <a href="/wiki/Cadaqu%C3%A9s" title="Cadaqués">Cadaqués</a>. In a letter to a friend written in February 1929, Buñuel described the writing process: <blockquote>We had to look for the plot line. Dalí said to me, 'I dreamed last night of ants swarming around in my hands', and I said, 'Good Lord, and I dreamed that I had sliced somebody or other's eye. There's the film, let's go and make it.'<a href="#cite_note-etherington-smith-43">[43]</a></blockquote> In deliberate contrast to the approach taken by Jean Epstein and his peers, which was to never leave anything in their work to chance, with every aesthetic decision having a rational explanation and fitting clearly into the whole,<a href="#cite_note-o'donoghue-44">[44]</a> Buñuel and Dalí made a cardinal point of eliminating all logical associations.<a href="#cite_note-Adamowicz-45">[45]</a> In Buñuel's words: "Our only rule was very simple: no idea or image that might lend itself to a rational explanation of any kind would be accepted. We had to open all doors to the irrational and keep only those images that surprised us, without trying to explain why".<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.104  It was Buñuel's intention to outrage the self-proclaimed artistic vanguard of his youth, later saying: "Historically the film represents a violent reaction against what in those days was called 'avant-garde,' which was aimed exclusively at artistic sensibility and the audience's reason."<a href="#cite_note-art_in_cinema-46">[46]</a> Against his hopes and expectations, the film was a popular success with the very audience he had wanted to insult,<a href="#cite_note-koller-10">[10]</a> leading Buñuel to exclaim in exasperation: "What can I do about the people who adore all that is new, even when it goes against their deepest convictions, or about the insincere, corrupt press, and the inane herd that saw beauty or poetry in something which was basically no more than a desperate impassioned call for murder?"<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> Although Un Chien Andalou is a <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent film</a>, during the original screening (attended by the elite of the Parisian art world), Buñuel played a sequence of phonograph records which he switched manually while keeping his pockets full of stones with which to pelt anticipated hecklers.<a href="#cite_note-maverick_arts-48">[48]</a> After the premiere, Buñuel and Dalí were granted formal admittance to the tight-knit community of Surrealists, led by poet <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-hoberman-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="L'Age_d'Or_(1930)">L'Age d'Or (1930)</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: L'Age d'Or (1930)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie-Laure_de_Noailles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Marie-Laure_de_Noailles.jpg/170px-Marie-Laure_de_Noailles.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Marie-Laure_de_Noailles.jpg/255px-Marie-Laure_de_Noailles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/35/Marie-Laure_de_Noailles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="403" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marie-Laure_de_Noailles" title="Marie-Laure de Noailles">Marie-Laure de Noailles</a> was a prominent patron of avant-garde artists, who received <a href="/wiki/L%27Age_d%27Or" title="L'Age d'Or">L'Age d'Or</a> as a birthday gift from her husband, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Noailles" title="Charles de Noailles">Charles</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></figcaption></figure> Late in 1929, on the strength of Un Chien Andalou, Buñuel and Dalí were commissioned to make another short film by <a href="/wiki/Marie-Laure_de_Noailles" title="Marie-Laure de Noailles">Marie-Laurie</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Noailles" title="Charles de Noailles">Charles de Noailles</a>, owners of a private cinema on the <a href="/wiki/Place_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Place des États-Unis">Place des États-Unis</a> and financial supporters of productions by Jacques Manuel, <a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Chenal" title="Pierre Chenal">Pierre Chenal</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bfi_vol_3-28">[28]</a>: p.124  At first, the intent was that the new film be around the same length as Un Chien, only this time with sound. But by mid-1930, the film had grown segmentally to an hour's duration.<a href="#cite_note-bfi_vol_3-28">[28]</a>: p.116  Anxious that it was over twice as long as planned and at double the budget, Buñuel offered to trim the film and cease production, but Noailles gave him the go-ahead to continue the project.<a href="#cite_note-bfi_vol_3-28">[28]</a>: p.116  The film, entitled <a href="/wiki/L%27Age_d%27Or" title="L'Age d'Or">L'Age d'Or</a>, was begun as a second collaboration with Dalí, but, while working on the scenario, the two had a falling out; Buñuel, who at the time had strong leftist sympathies,<a href="#cite_note-gubern-51">[51]</a> desired a deliberate undermining of all bourgeois institutions, while Dalí, who eventually supported the Spanish fascist <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> and various figures of the European aristocracy, wanted merely to cause a scandal through the use of various <a href="/wiki/Scatology" title="Scatology">scatological</a> and anti-Catholic images.<a href="#cite_note-film_reference-52">[52]</a> The friction between them was exacerbated when, at a dinner party in Cadaqués, Buñuel tried to throttle Dalí's girlfriend, <a href="/wiki/Gala_Dal%C3%AD" title="Gala Dalí">Gala</a>, the wife of Surrealist poet <a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Paul Éluard</a>.<a href="#cite_note-thurlow-53">[53]</a> In consequence, Dalí had nothing to do with the actual shooting of the film.<a href="#cite_note-dali-54">[54]</a>: pp.276–277  During the course of production, Buñuel worked around his technical ignorance by filming mostly in sequence and using nearly every foot of film that he shot. Buñuel invited friends and acquaintances to appear, for nothing, in the film; for example, anyone who owned a tuxedo or a party frock got a part in the salon scene.<a href="#cite_note-bfi_vol_3-28">[28]</a>: p.116  <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CCDDFF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> A film called L'Age d'or, whose non-existent artistic quality is an insult to any kind of technical standard, combines, as a public spectacle, the most obscene, disgusting and tasteless incidents. Country, family, and religion are dragged through the mud.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Excerpt from Richard Pierre Bodin's review in <a href="/wiki/Le_Figaro" title="Le Figaro">Le Figaro</a>, 7 December 1930.</cite> </div> L'Age d'Or was publicly proclaimed by Dalí as a deliberate attack on Catholicism, and this precipitated a much larger scandal than Un Chien Andalou.<a href="#cite_note-fanes-56">[56]</a> One early screening was taken over by members of the fascist <a href="/wiki/Ligue_des_Patriotes" title="Ligue des Patriotes">League of Patriots</a> and the Anti-Jewish Youth Group, who hurled purple ink at the screen<a href="#cite_note-ado_kyrou-57">[57]</a> and then vandalised the adjacent art gallery, destroying a number of valuable surrealist paintings.<a href="#cite_note-moria-58">[58]</a> The film was banned by the Parisian police "in the name of public order".<a href="#cite_note-Instituto_Cervantes-59">[59]</a> The de Noailles, both Catholics, were threatened with <a href="/wiki/Excommunication#Catholic_Church" title="Excommunication">excommunication</a> by <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">The Vatican</a> because of the film's blasphemous final scene (which visually links <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a> with the writings of the <a href="/wiki/Marquis_de_Sade" title="Marquis de Sade">Marquis de Sade</a>), so they made the decision in 1934 to withdraw all prints from circulation, and L'Age d'Or was not seen again until 1981, after their deaths,<a href="#cite_note-laufer-60">[60]</a> although a print was smuggled to England for private viewing.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> The furor was so great that the premiere of another film financed by the de Noailles, <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Blood_of_a_Poet" title="The Blood of a Poet">The Blood of a Poet</a>, had to be delayed for over two years until outrage over L'Age d'Or had died down.<a href="#cite_note-burke-62">[62]</a> To make matters worse, Charles de Noailles was forced to withdraw his membership from the <a href="/wiki/Jockey-Club_de_Paris" title="Jockey-Club de Paris">Jockey Club</a>.<a href="#cite_note-teitelbaum-63">[63]</a> Concurrent with the <a href="/wiki/Succ%C3%A8s_de_scandale" title="Succès de scandale">succès de scandale</a>, both Buñuel and the film's leading lady, <a href="/wiki/Lya_Lys" title="Lya Lys">Lya Lys</a>, received offers of interest from <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer</a> and traveled to Hollywood at the studio's expense.<a href="#cite_note-durgnat-64">[64]</a> While in the United States, Buñuel associated with other celebrity expatriates including <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Sergei Eisenstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Josef_Von_Sternberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Josef Von Sternberg">Josef Von Sternberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Feyder" title="Jacques Feyder">Jacques Feyder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Chaplin" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Chaplin">Charles Chaplin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bertolt_Brecht" title="Bertolt Brecht">Bertolt Brecht</a>.<a href="#cite_note-brain_juice-34">[34]</a> All that was required of Buñuel by his loose-ended contract with MGM was that he "learn some good American technical skills",<a href="#cite_note-walters-65">[65]</a> but, after being ushered off the first set he visited because the star, <a href="/wiki/Greta_Garbo" title="Greta Garbo">Greta Garbo</a>, did not welcome intruders, he decided to stay at home most of the time and only show up to collect his paycheck.<a href="#cite_note-Doniol-Valcroze-66">[66]</a> His only enduring contribution to MGM came when he served as an extra in La Fruta Amarga, a Spanish-language remake of <a href="/wiki/Min_and_Bill" title="Min and Bill">Min and Bill</a>.<a href="#cite_note-jarvinen-67">[67]</a> When, after a few months at the studio, he was asked to watch <a href="/wiki/Dailies" title="Dailies">rushes</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lili_Damita" title="Lili Damita">Lili Damita</a> to gauge her Spanish accent, he refused and sent a message to studio boss <a href="/wiki/Irving_Thalberg" title="Irving Thalberg">Irving Thalberg</a> stating that he was there as a Frenchman, not a Spaniard, and he "didn't have time to waste listening to one of the whores".<a href="#cite_note-bazin-68">[68]</a>: p.18  He was back in Spain shortly thereafter.<a href="#cite_note-durgnat-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1931–1937:_Spain">1931–1937: Spain</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 1931–1937: Spain">edit</a>]</div> Spain in the early 1930s was a time of political and social turbulence.<a href="#cite_note-blinkhorn-69">[69]</a> Due to both a surge in anti-clerical sentiment and a longrunning desire for retribution for the corruption and malfeasance of the extreme right and their supporters in the church, Anarchists and <a href="/wiki/Radical_Socialist_Republican_Party" title="Radical Socialist Republican Party">Radical Socialists</a> sacked <a href="/wiki/Monarchism" title="Monarchism">monarchist</a> headquarters in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a> and proceeded to burn down or otherwise wreck more than a dozen churches in the capital. Similar revolutionary acts occurred in many other cities in southern and eastern Spain, in most cases with the acquiescence and occasionally with the assistance of the official Republican authorities.<a href="#cite_note-payne-70">[70]</a> Buñuel's future wife, Jeanne Rucar, recalled that during that period, "he got very excited about politics and the ideas that were everywhere in pre-Civil War Spain".<a href="#cite_note-rucar_de_bunuel_espanol-71">[71]</a> In the first flush of his enthusiasm, Buñuel joined the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Spain" title="Communist Party of Spain">Communist Party of Spain</a> (PCE) in 1931,<a href="#cite_note-gubern-51">[51]</a>: pp.85–114  though later in life he denied becoming a Communist.<a href="#cite_note-aub-72">[72]</a>: p.72  <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grupo_de_jurdanos_ante_la_c%C3%A1mara_fotogr%C3%A1fica,_de_Venancio_Gombau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grupo_de_jurdanos_ante_la_c%C3%A1mara_fotogr%C3%A1fica%2C_de_Venancio_Gombau.jpg/220px-Grupo_de_jurdanos_ante_la_c%C3%A1mara_fotogr%C3%A1fica%2C_de_Venancio_Gombau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grupo_de_jurdanos_ante_la_c%C3%A1mara_fotogr%C3%A1fica%2C_de_Venancio_Gombau.jpg/330px-Grupo_de_jurdanos_ante_la_c%C3%A1mara_fotogr%C3%A1fica%2C_de_Venancio_Gombau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Grupo_de_jurdanos_ante_la_c%C3%A1mara_fotogr%C3%A1fica%2C_de_Venancio_Gombau.jpg/440px-Grupo_de_jurdanos_ante_la_c%C3%A1mara_fotogr%C3%A1fica%2C_de_Venancio_Gombau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="807" data-file-height="583" /></a><figcaption>Group of Hurdanos early in the 20th century</figcaption></figure> In 1932, Buñuel was invited to serve as film documentarian for the celebrated Mission Dakar-Djibouti, the first large-scale French anthropological field expedition, which, led by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Griaule" title="Marcel Griaule">Marcel Griaule</a>, unearthed some 3,500 African artifacts for the new <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_de_l%27Homme" title="Musée de l'Homme">Musée de l'Homme</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ruoff-45-73">[73]</a> Although he declined, the project piqued his interest in <a href="/wiki/Ethnography" title="Ethnography">ethnography</a>. After reading the academic study, Las Jurdes: étude de géographie humaine (1927) by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maurice_Legendre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maurice Legendre (page does not exist)">Maurice Legendre</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Legendre" class="extiw" title="es:Maurice Legendre">es</a>; <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Legendre_(historien)" class="extiw" title="fr:Maurice Legendre (historien)">fr</a>; <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice_Legendre" class="extiw" title="pt:Maurice Legendre">pt</a>], he decided to make a film focused on <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">peasant</a> life in <a href="/wiki/Las_Hurdes" title="Las Hurdes">Las Hurdes</a>, perhaps the poorest <a href="/wiki/Comarca" title="Comarca">comarca</a> in <a href="/wiki/Extremadura" title="Extremadura">Extremadura</a>, one of Spain's poorest regions.<a href="#cite_note-margulies-74">[74]</a> The film, called <a href="/wiki/Las_Hurdes:_Tierra_Sin_Pan" class="mw-redirect" title="Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan">Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan</a> (1933), was financed on a budget of 20,000 pesetas donated by a working-class <a href="/wiki/Anarchist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarchist">anarchist</a> friend named <a href="/wiki/Ram%C3%B3n_Ac%C3%ADn" title="Ramón Acín">Ramón Acín</a>, who had won the money in a lottery.<a href="#cite_note-weir-75">[75]</a> In the film, Buñuel matches scenes of deplorable social conditions with narration that resembles travelogue commentary delivered by a detached-sounding announcer,<a href="#cite_note-Harvard_Film_Archive-76">[76]</a> while the soundtrack thunders inappropriate music by <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sloniowski-77">[77]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CCDDFF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Though the material is organized with masterly skill, the very conception of "art" here seems irrelevant. It is the most profoundly disturbing film I have ever seen.<a href="#cite_note-tony_richardson-78">[78]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Award-winning film director <a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> on Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan</cite> </div> Las Hurdes was banned by the <a href="/wiki/Second_Spanish_Republic" title="Second Spanish Republic">Second Spanish Republic</a> and then by the <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist dictatorship</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Russell-79">[79]</a> It is a film which continues to perplex viewers and resists easy categorization by film historians.<a href="#cite_note-juhasz-80">[80]</a> Las Hurdes has been called one of the first examples of <a href="/wiki/Mockumentary" title="Mockumentary">mockumentary</a>,<a href="#cite_note-mockumentary-81">[81]</a> and has been labeled a "surrealist documentary", a term defined by critic <a href="/w/index.php?title=Merc%C3%A8_Ibarz&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mercè Ibarz (page does not exist)">Mercè Ibarz</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merc%C3%A8_Ibarz" class="extiw" title="es:Mercè Ibarz">es</a>] as "A multi-layered and unnerving use of sound, the juxtaposition of narrative forms already learnt from the written press, travelogues and new pedagogic methods, as well as a subversive use of photographed and filmed documents understood as a basis for contemporary propaganda for the masses".<a href="#cite_note-ibarz-82">[82]</a> Catherine Russell has stated that in Las Hurdes, Buñuel was able to reconcile his political philosophy with his surrealist aesthetic, with surrealism becoming "a means of awakening a marxist materialism in danger of becoming a stale orthodoxy".<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a> After Las Hurdes in 1933, Buñuel worked in Paris in the <a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">dubbing</a> department of <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Pictures" title="Paramount Pictures">Paramount Pictures</a>, but following his marriage in 1934, he switched to <a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers">Warner Brothers</a> because they operated dubbing studios in Madrid.<a href="#cite_note-acevedo-munoz-84">[84]</a>: p.39  A friend, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ricardo_Urgoiti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ricardo Urgoiti (page does not exist)">Ricardo Urgoiti</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Urgoiti" class="extiw" title="es:Ricardo Urgoiti">es</a>; <a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Urgoiti" class="extiw" title="eu:Ricardo Urgoiti">eu</a>], who owned the commercial film company <a href="/w/index.php?title=Film%C3%B3fono&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filmófono (page does not exist)">Filmófono</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%C3%B3fono" class="extiw" title="es:Filmófono">es</a>; <a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%C3%B3fono" class="extiw" title="eu:Filmófono">eu</a>], invited Buñuel to <a href="/wiki/Film_producer" title="Film producer">produce</a> films for a mass audience. He accepted the offer, viewing it as an "experiment" as he knew the film industry in Spain was still far behind the technical level of Hollywood or Paris.<a href="#cite_note-higginbotham-85">[85]</a>: p.56  According to film historian <a href="/w/index.php?title=Manuel_Rotellar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Manuel Rotellar (page does not exist)">Manuel Rotellar</a>'s interviews with members of the cast and crew of the Filmófono studios, Buñuel's only condition was that his involvement with these pictures be completely anonymous, apparently for fear of damaging his reputation as a surrealist.<a href="#cite_note-rotellar-86">[86]</a> Rotellar insists, however, "the truth is that it was Luis Buñuel who directed the Filmófono productions".<a href="#cite_note-rotellar-86">[86]</a>: p.37  <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_S%C3%A1enz_de_Heredia" title="José Luis Sáenz de Heredia">José Luis Sáenz de Heredia</a>, the titular director of two of the films created during Buñuel's years as "executive producer" at Filmófono, recounted that it was Buñuel who "explained to me every morning what he wanted...We looked at the takes together and it was Buñuel who chose the shots, and in editing, I wasn't even allowed to be present."<a href="#cite_note-rotellar-86">[86]</a>: p.39  Of the 18 films produced by Buñuel during his years at Filmófono, the four that are believed by critical consensus to have been directed by him<a href="#cite_note-mortimore-87">[87]</a> are: <blockquote> <ul><li>Don Quintín el amargao (Don Quintin the Sourpuss), 1935 – a musical based on <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_Quint%C3%ADn,_el_amargao" class="extiw" title="es:Don Quintín, el amargao">a play</a> by <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Arniches" title="Carlos Arniches">Carlos Arniches</a>,<a href="#cite_note-fuentes,_victor-88">[88]</a> the first <a href="/wiki/Zarzuela" title="Zarzuela">zarzuela</a> (a type of Spanish opera) filmed in sound.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Sim%C3%B3n%27s_Daughter_(1935_film)" title="Juan Simón's Daughter (1935 film)">La hija de Juan Simón</a> (Juan Simón's Daughter), 1935 – another musical and a major commercial success<a href="#cite_note-bentley-90">[90]</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%BFQui%C3%A9n_me_quiere_a_m%C3%AD%3F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="¿Quién me quiere a mí? (page does not exist)">¿Quién me quiere a mí?</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C2%BFQui%C3%A9n_me_quiere_a_m%C3%AD%3F" class="extiw" title="es:¿Quién me quiere a mí?">es</a>] (Who Loves Me?), 1936 – a sentimental comedy that Buñuel called "my only commercial failure, and a pretty dismal one at that".<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.144 </li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C2%A1Centinela,_alerta!&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="¡Centinela, alerta! (page does not exist)">¡Centinela, alerta!</a>, (Sentry, Keep Watch!), 1937 – a comedy and Filmófono's biggest box-office hit.<a href="#cite_note-bentley-90">[90]</a></li></ul> </blockquote> During the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (1936–1939), Buñuel placed himself at the disposal of the Republican government.<a href="#cite_note-an_unspeakable_betrayal-91">[91]</a>: p.255  The minister for foreign affairs sent him first to <a href="/wiki/Geneva" title="Geneva">Geneva</a> (September 1936) and then to Paris<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> for two years (1936–38), with official responsibility for cataloging Republican propaganda films.<a href="#cite_note-edwards-32">[32]</a>: p.6  Besides the cataloguing, Buñuel took left-wing tracts to Spain, did some occasional spying, acted as a bodyguard, and supervised the making of a documentary, entitled <a href="/wiki/Espa%C3%B1a_1936" title="España 1936">España 1936</a> in France and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Espagne_1937&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espagne 1937 (page does not exist)">España leal, ¡en armas!</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espagne_1937" class="extiw" title="es:Espagne 1937">es</a>] in Spain, that covered the elections, the parades, the riots, and the war.<a href="#cite_note-del_olmo-93">[93]</a><a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> In August 1936, <a href="/wiki/Federico_Garc%C3%ADa_Lorca" title="Federico García Lorca">Federico García Lorca</a> was shot and killed by Nationalist militia.<a href="#cite_note-beevor-95">[95]</a> According to his son, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Juan Luis Buñuel">Juan Luis</a>, Buñuel rarely talked about Lorca but mourned the poet's untimely death throughout his life.<a href="#cite_note-ehrlich-96">[96]</a> Buñuel essentially functioned as the coordinator of film propaganda for the Republic, which meant that he was in a position to examine all film shot in the country and decide what sequences could be developed and distributed abroad.<a href="#cite_note-faber-97">[97]</a> The Spanish Ambassador suggested that Buñuel revisit Hollywood where he could give technical advice on films being made there about the Spanish Civil War,<a href="#cite_note-edwards-32">[32]</a>: p.6  so in 1938, he and his family traveled to the United States using funds obtained from his old patrons, the Noailles.<a href="#cite_note-hoberman-49">[49]</a> Almost immediately upon his arrival in America, however, the war ended and the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Motion Picture Association of America">Motion Picture Producers and Distributors Association of America</a> discontinued making films on the Spanish conflict.<a href="#cite_note-robert_cole-98">[98]</a> According to Buñuel's wife, returning to Spain was impossible since the Fascists had seized power,<a href="#cite_note-rucar_de_bunuel_espanol-71">[71]</a>: p.63–64  so Buñuel decided to stay in the U.S. indefinitely, stating that he was "immensely attracted by the American naturalness and sociability".<a href="#cite_note-an_unspeakable_betrayal-91">[91]</a>: p.255  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1938–1945:_United_States">1938–1945: United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1938–1945: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_modern_art_airways_to_peace_exhibition_1943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Museum_of_modern_art_airways_to_peace_exhibition_1943.jpg/295px-Museum_of_modern_art_airways_to_peace_exhibition_1943.jpg" decoding="async" width="295" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Museum_of_modern_art_airways_to_peace_exhibition_1943.jpg/443px-Museum_of_modern_art_airways_to_peace_exhibition_1943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Museum_of_modern_art_airways_to_peace_exhibition_1943.jpg/590px-Museum_of_modern_art_airways_to_peace_exhibition_1943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="981" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption>Museum of Modern Art, 1943. Buñuel was employed at MOMA during WWII, supervising and editing documentaries for Latin American countries, commissioned by the Committee on Inter-American Affairs headed by <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Rockefeller" title="Nelson Rockefeller">Nelson Rockefeller</a>.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></figcaption></figure> Returning to Hollywood in 1938, he was befriended by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Davis_(producer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Davis (producer) (page does not exist)">Frank Davis</a>, an MGM producer and member of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_USA" title="Communist Party USA">Communist Party USA</a>,<a href="#cite_note-gubern-51">[51]</a>: p.349  who placed Buñuel on the payroll of Cargo of Innocence, a film about Spanish refugee mothers and children fleeing from <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> to the USSR.<a href="#cite_note-edwards_-_lorca_etc.-100">[100]</a> The project was shelved precipitately when another Hollywood film about the Spanish Civil War, <a href="/wiki/Blockade_(1938_film)" title="Blockade (1938 film)">Blockade</a>, was met with disfavor by the <a href="/wiki/National_Legion_of_Decency" title="National Legion of Decency">Catholic League of Decency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-manchel-101">[101]</a> In the words of biographer Ruth Brandon, Buñuel and his family "lived from one unsatisfactory crumb of work to another" because he "had none of the arrogance and pushiness essential for survival in Hollywood".<a href="#cite_note-brandon-22">[22]</a>: p.358  He just was not flamboyant enough to capture the attention of Hollywood decision makers, in the opinion of film composer <a href="/wiki/George_Antheil" title="George Antheil">George Antheil</a>: "Inasmuch as [Buñuel], his wife and his little boy seemed to be such absolutely normal, solid persons, as totally un-Surrealist in the Dalí tradition as one could possibly imagine."<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: p.172  For the most part, he was snubbed by many of the people in the film community whom he met during his first trip to America,<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> although he was able to sell some gags to Chaplin for his film <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Dictator" title="The Great Dictator">The Great Dictator</a>.<a href="#cite_note-taylor-104">[104]</a>: p.213  In desperation, to market himself to independent producers, he composed a 21-page autobiography, a section of which, headed "My Present Plans", outlined proposals for two documentary films: <ul><li>"The Primitive Man", which would depict "the terrible struggle of primitive man against a hostile universe, how the world appeared, how they saw it, what ideas they had on love, on death, on fraternity, how and why religion is born", [italics in original]</li> <li>"Psycho-Pathology", which would "expose the origin and development of different psychopathic diseases...Such a documental film, apart from its great scientific interest, could depict on screen a New Form of Terror or its synonym Humour." [italics in original]<a href="#cite_note-an_unspeakable_betrayal-91">[91]</a>: p.257 </li></ul> Nobody showed any interest and Buñuel realized that staying in Los Angeles was futile, so he traveled to New York City to see if he could change his fortunes.<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: p.174  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CCDDFF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Luis Buñuel was there, with his thyroid eyes, the moles on his chin which I remember from so long ago when we first saw the surrealist films in the <a href="/wiki/Cin%C3%A9math%C3%A8que_Fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinémathèque Française">Cinémathèque</a> ... and as he talked I remember thinking that his paleness was most appropriate for someone who spent his life in dark projection rooms ... He has a sharp humor, a bitter sarcasm, and at the same time towards women a gentle, special smile.<a href="#cite_note-Nin-105">[105]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Ana%C3%AFs_Nin" title="Anaïs Nin">Anaïs Nin</a>, in her diary entry on encountering Buñuel when he was working at MoMA</cite> </div> In New York City, Antheil introduced Buñuel to <a href="/wiki/Iris_Barry" title="Iris Barry">Iris Barry</a>, chief curator of film at the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a> (MoMA).<a href="#cite_note-brandon-22">[22]</a>: p.360  Barry talked Buñuel into joining a committee formed to help educate those within the U.S. government who might not have appreciated fully the effectiveness of film as a medium of propaganda. Buñuel was hired to produce a shortened version of <a href="/wiki/Leni_Riefenstahl" title="Leni Riefenstahl">Leni Riefenstahl</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Triumph_of_the_Will" title="Triumph of the Will">Triumph of the Will</a> (1935) as a demonstration project.<a href="#cite_note-trimborn-106">[106]</a> The finished product was a compilation of scenes from Riefenstahl's <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazi</a> epic with <a href="/wiki/Hans_Bertram" title="Hans Bertram">Hans Bertram</a>'s Feuertaufe.<a href="#cite_note-higginbotham-85">[85]</a>: p.58  Buñuel stayed at MoMA to work for the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Coordinator_of_Inter-American_Affairs" title="Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs">Office of the Coordinator of Inter-American Affairs</a> (OCIAA) as part of a production team that gathered, reviewed and edited films intended as anti-fascist propaganda to be distributed in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a> by American embassies.<a href="#cite_note-schreiber-107">[107]</a>: p.72  While being vetted for the job at the OCIAA, upon being asked if he was a Communist, he replied: "I am a Republican," and, apparently, the interviewer did not realize that Buñuel was referring to the Spanish socialist coalition government, not the American political party.<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: p.180  Describing Buñuel's work at MoMA, his friend, composer Gustavo Pittaluga, stated: "Luis created maybe 2,000 remarkable works. We were sent anodyne documentaries, often extremely feeble primary materials, which the Museum team turned into marvellous films. And not just Spanish versions, but also Portuguese, French and English...He would create a good documentary through editing." [italics in original]<a href="#cite_note-aranda-108">[108]</a>: p.124  In 1942, Buñuel applied for American citizenship because he anticipated that MoMA would be put under federal control.<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: p.183  This same year, Dalí published his autobiography <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Life_of_Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí">The Secret Life of Salvador Dalí</a>, in which he made it clear that he had split with Buñuel because the latter was a Communist and an <a href="/wiki/Atheist" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheist">atheist</a>.<a href="#cite_note-navarro-109">[109]</a> News of this reached <a href="/wiki/Francis_Spellman" title="Francis Spellman">Archbishop Spellman</a>, who angrily confronted Barry with the question: "Are you aware that you are harbouring in this Museum the Antichrist, the man who made a blasphemous film L'Age d'Or?"<a href="#cite_note-taylor-104">[104]</a>: p.214  At the same time, a campaign on the part of Hollywood, through its industry trade paper, the <a href="/wiki/Motion_Picture_Herald" title="Motion Picture Herald">Motion Picture Herald</a>, to undermine the MoMA film unit resulted in a 66% reduction in the department's budget and Buñuel felt himself compelled to resign.<a href="#cite_note-robert_sitton-110">[110]</a> In 1944, he returned to Hollywood for the third time, this time as Spanish Dubbing Producer for <a href="/wiki/Warner_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Brothers">Warner Brothers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: p.190  Before leaving New York City, he confronted Dalí at his hotel, the <a href="/wiki/Sherry_Netherland_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherry Netherland Hotel">Sherry Netherland</a>, to tell the painter about the damage his book had done and then shoot him in the knee.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> Buñuel did not carry out the violent part of his plan. Dalí explained himself by saying: "I did not write my book to put YOU on a pedestal. I wrote it to put ME on a pedestal".<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Man_Ray_1934.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Man_Ray_1934.jpg/200px-Man_Ray_1934.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Man_Ray_1934.jpg/300px-Man_Ray_1934.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Man_Ray_1934.jpg/400px-Man_Ray_1934.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1187" data-file-height="1515" /></a><figcaption>Man Ray – a friend from Buñuel's surrealist period and collaborator on unrealized Hollywood projects</figcaption></figure> Buñuel's first dubbing assignment on returning to Hollywood was <a href="/wiki/My_Reputation" title="My Reputation">My Reputation</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Stanwyck" title="Barbara Stanwyck">Barbara Stanwyck</a> picture which became El Que Diran in Buñuel's hands.<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: p.190  In addition to his dubbing work, Buñuel attempted to develop a number of independent projects: <ul><li>In collaboration with an old friend from his Surrealist days, <a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a>, he worked on a scenario called The Sewers of Los Angeles, which took place on a mountain of excrement close to a highway and a dust basin.<a href="#cite_note-aranda-108">[108]</a>: p.129 </li> <li>With his friend, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Rubia_Barcia" title="José Rubia Barcia">José Rubia Barcia</a>, he co-wrote a screenplay called La novia de medianoche (The Midnight Bride), a gothic thriller, which lay dormant until it was filmed by Antonio Simón in 1997.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li>He continued working on a screenplay called "Goya and the Duchess of Alba", a treatment he had started as early as 1927, with the actor/producer <a href="/wiki/Flori%C3%A1n_Rey" title="Florián Rey">Florián Rey</a> and cameraman <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mar%C3%ADa_Beltr%C3%A1n" title="José María Beltrán">José María Beltrán</a>, and then resuscitated in 1937 as a project for Paramount.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li> <li>In his autobiography Mon Dernier soupir (1982, translated in the U.S. as My Last Sigh, 1983, and in the UK as My Last Breath, 1984), Buñuel wrote that, at the request of director <a href="/wiki/Robert_Florey" title="Robert Florey">Robert Florey</a>, he submitted a treatment of a scene about a disembodied hand, which was later included in the movie <a href="/wiki/The_Beast_with_Five_Fingers" title="The Beast with Five Fingers">The Beast with Five Fingers</a> (1946), starring <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lorre" title="Peter Lorre">Peter Lorre</a>, without acknowledgement of Buñuel's contribution or payment of any compensation.<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.189  However, Brian Taves, film scholar and archivist with the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, has challenged the truth of this claim.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li></ul> In 1945, Buñuel's contract with Warner Brothers expired, and he decided not to renew it in order, as he put it: "to realize my life's ambition for a year: to do nothing".<a href="#cite_note-bazin_cinema_of_cruelty-116">[116]</a> While his family enjoyed themselves at the beach, Buñuel spent much of his time in <a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a> with new acquaintances writer <a href="/wiki/Aldous_Huxley" title="Aldous Huxley">Aldous Huxley</a> and sculptor <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Calder" title="Alexander Calder">Alexander Calder</a>, from whom he rented a house.<a href="#cite_note-aranda-108">[108]</a>: p.130  In his autobiography, in a chapter about his second spell in America, Buñuel states that "[o]n several occasions, both American and European producers have suggested that I tackle a film version of <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Lowry" title="Malcolm Lowry">Malcolm Lowry</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Under_the_Volcano" title="Under the Volcano">Under the Volcano</a>", but that after reading the book many times as well as eight different screenplays he was unable to come up with a solution for the cinema.<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.194  <a href="/wiki/Under_the_Volcano_(1984_film)" title="Under the Volcano (1984 film)">The movie</a> was eventually made in 1984 by <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1946–1953:_Mexico">1946–1953: Mexico</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 1946–1953: Mexico">edit</a>]</div> In 1946, an old friend, producer <a href="/wiki/Denise_Batcheff" title="Denise Batcheff">Denise Tual</a>, the widow of <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Batcheff" title="Pierre Batcheff">Pierre Batcheff</a>,<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> the <a href="/wiki/Leading_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Leading man">leading man</a> in Un Chien Andalou, proposed that she and Buñuel adapt Lorca's play <a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Bernarda_Alba" title="The House of Bernarda Alba">La casa de Bernarda Alba</a> for production in Paris.<a href="#cite_note-camacho-119">[119]</a> As it turned out, though, before they could both make their way to Europe, they encountered problems in securing the rights from Lorca's family.<a href="#cite_note-bazin-68">[68]</a>: p.21  While in Mexico City, on a stopover, they had asked Óscar Dancigers, a Russian émigré producer active in Mexico, for financing.<a href="#cite_note-camacho-119">[119]</a> Dancigers ran an independent production company that specialized in assisting U.S. film studios with on-location shooting in Mexico, but following World War II, he had lost his connection with Hollywood due to his being <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">blacklisted</a> as a Communist.<a href="#cite_note-schreiber-107">[107]</a>: p.73  Although Dancigers was not enthusiastic about the Lorca project, he did want to work with Buñuel and persuaded the Spanish director to undertake a totally different project.<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.197  <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Libertad_Lamarque.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Libertad_Lamarque.jpg/135px-Libertad_Lamarque.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Libertad_Lamarque.jpg/203px-Libertad_Lamarque.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Libertad_Lamarque.jpg/270px-Libertad_Lamarque.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>Libertad Lamarque, star of Buñuel's first Mexican film. Buñuel was said to have held a long-time grudge against Lamarque because the actress was able to bring him to tears when he viewed a "corny melodrama" which she had made in Argentina: "How could I let myself cry over such an absurd, grotesque, ridiculous scene?"<a href="#cite_note-bill_krohn-120">[120]</a>: p.147 </figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Mexican_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Age of Mexican cinema">Golden Age of Mexican cinema</a> was peaking in the mid-to-late 1940s, at just the time Buñuel was connecting with Dancigers.<a href="#cite_note-fein-121">[121]</a> Movies represented Mexico's third largest industry by 1947, employing 32,000 workers, with 72 film producers who invested 66 million pesos (approximately U.S. $13 million) per year, four active studios with 40 million pesos of invested capital, and approximately 1,500 theaters throughout the nation, with about 200 in Mexico City alone.<a href="#cite_note-huer-122">[122]</a> For their first project, the two men selected what seemed like a sure-fire success, <a href="/wiki/Gran_Casino" title="Gran Casino">Gran Casino</a>, a musical <a href="/wiki/Period_piece" class="mw-redirect" title="Period piece">period piece</a> set in <a href="/wiki/Tampico" title="Tampico">Tampico</a> during the boom years of oil exploitation, starring two of the most popular entertainers in Latin America: <a href="/wiki/Libertad_Lamarque" title="Libertad Lamarque">Libertad Lamarque</a>, an Argentine actress and singer, and <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Negrete" title="Jorge Negrete">Jorge Negrete</a>, a Mexican singer and leading man in <a href="/wiki/Charro#In_cinema" title="Charro">"charro" films</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mira_Nouselles-123">[123]</a>: p.64  Buñuel recalled: "I kept them singing all the time—a competition, a championship".<a href="#cite_note-aranda-108">[108]</a>: pp.130–131  The film was not successful at the box office, with some even calling it a fiasco.<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> Different reasons have been given for its failure with the public; for some, Buñuel was forced to make concessions to the bad taste of his stars, particularly Negrete,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> others cite Buñuel's rusty technical skills<a href="#cite_note-fuentes_discourse-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> and lack of confidence after so many years out of the director's chair,<a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a> while still others speculate that Mexican audiences were tiring of genre movies, called "churros", that were perceived as being cheaply and hastily made.<a href="#cite_note-acevedo-munoz-84">[84]</a>: p.48 <a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a> The failure of Gran Casino sidelined Buñuel, and it was over two years before he had the chance to direct another picture.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> According to Buñuel, he spent this time "scratching my nose, watching flies and living off my mother's money",<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.199  but he was actually somewhat more industrious than that may sound. With the husband/wife team of Janet and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alcoriza" title="Luis Alcoriza">Luis Alcoriza</a>, he wrote the scenario for Si usted no puede, yo sí, which was filmed in 1950 by <a href="/wiki/Juli%C3%A1n_Soler" title="Julián Soler">Julián Soler</a>.<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: p.203  He also continued developing the idea for a surrealistic film called Ilegible, hijo de flauta, with the poet <a href="/wiki/Juan_Larrea_(poet)" title="Juan Larrea (poet)">Juan Larrea</a>.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> Dancigers pointed out to him that there was currently public interest in films about street urchins, so Buñuel scoured the back streets and slums of Mexico City in search of material, interviewing social workers about street gang warfare and murdered children.<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: pp.203–204  During this period, Dancigers was busy producing films for the actor/director <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Soler" title="Fernando Soler">Fernando Soler</a>, one of the most durable of Mexican film personalities, having been referred to as the "national paterfamilias".<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> Although Soler typically preferred to direct his own films, for their next collaboration, <a href="/wiki/El_Gran_Calavera" class="mw-redirect" title="El Gran Calavera">El Gran Calavera</a>, based on a play by Adolfo Torrado, he decided that doing both jobs would be too much trouble, so he asked Dancigers to find someone who could be trusted to handle the technical aspects of the directorial duties.<a href="#cite_note-cine_mexicano-133">[133]</a> Buñuel welcomed the opportunity, stating that: "I amused myself with the montage, the constructions, the angles...All of that interested me because I was still an apprentice in so-called 'normal' cinema."<a href="#cite_note-cine_mexicano-133">[133]</a> As a result of his work on this film, he developed a technique for making films cheaply and quickly by limiting them to 125 shots.<a href="#cite_note-schreiber-107">[107]</a>: p.73  El Gran Calavera was completed in 16 days at a cost of 400,000 pesos (approximately $46,000 US at 1948 exchange rates).<a href="#cite_note-acevedo-munoz-84">[84]</a>: p.52  The picture has been described as "a hilarious screwball send-up of the Mexican <a href="/wiki/Nouveau_riche" title="Nouveau riche">nouveau riche</a>...a wild roller coaster of mistaken identity, sham marriages and misfired suicides",<a href="#cite_note-Harvard.edu-1">[1]</a> and it was a big hit at the box office in Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-134">[134]</a> In 2013, the picture was re-made by Mexican director Gary Alazraki under the title <a href="/wiki/The_Noble_Family" class="mw-redirect" title="The Noble Family">The Noble Family</a>.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In 1949, Buñuel renounced his Spanish citizenship to become a <a href="/wiki/Naturalization" title="Naturalization">naturalized</a> Mexican.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The commercial success of El Gran Calavera enabled Buñuel to redeem a promise he had extracted from Dancigers, which was that if Buñuel could deliver a money-maker, Dancigers would guarantee "a degree of freedom" on the next film project.<a href="#cite_note-Doniol-Valcroze-66">[66]</a> Knowing that Dancigers was uncomfortable with experimentalism, especially when it might affect the bottom line, Buñuel proposed a commercial project titled ¡Mi huerfanito jefe!, about a juvenile street vendor who can't sell his final lottery ticket, which ends up being the winner and making him rich.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Dancigers was open to the idea, but instead of a "<a href="/wiki/Feuilleton" title="Feuilleton">feuilleton</a>", he suggested making "something rather more serious".<a href="#cite_note-ibanez_and_palacio-138">[138]</a>: p.60  During his recent researches through the slums of Mexico City, Buñuel had read a newspaper account of a twelve-year-old boy's body being found on a garbage dump, and this became the inspiration, and final scene, for the film, eventually called <a href="/wiki/Los_olvidados" class="mw-redirect" title="Los olvidados">Los olvidados</a>.<a href="#cite_note-de_la_colina-35">[35]</a>: pp.53–54  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CCDDFF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> The world doesn't work like Hollywood told us it does, and Buñuel knew well that poverty's truths could not be window-dressed in any way. This film continues to provoke reactions for its unapologetic portrayal of life without hope or trust. It stands out among Buñuel's works as the moment when he broke surface and bellowed, before sinking back into the world of the privileged where his surreal view most loved to play.<a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style=""><a href="/wiki/Booker_Prize" title="Booker Prize">Booker Prize</a> winning author <a href="/wiki/DBC_Pierre" title="DBC Pierre">DBC Pierre</a> on Los olvidados</cite> </div> The film tells the story of a street gang of children who terrorize their impoverished neighborhood, at one point brutalizing a blind man<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> and at another assaulting a legless man who moves around on a dolly, which they toss down a hill.<a href="#cite_note-ed_gonzalez-141">[141]</a> Film historian Carl J. Mora has said of Los olvidados that the director "visualized poverty in a radically different way from the traditional forms of Mexican melodrama. Buñuel's street children are not 'ennobled' by their desperate struggle for survival; they are in fact ruthless predators who are not better than their equally unromanticized victims".<a href="#cite_note-mora-142">[142]</a>: p.91  The film was made quickly (18 days) and cheaply (450,000 pesos), with Buñuel's fee being the equivalent of $2,000.<a href="#cite_note-baxter-102">[102]</a>: pp.210–211  During filming, a number of members of the crew resisted the production in a variety of ways: one technician confronted Buñuel and asked why he didn't make a "real" Mexican movie "rather than a miserable picture like this one";<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.200  the film's hairdresser quit on the spot over a scene in which the protagonist's mother refuses to give him food ("In Mexico, no mother would say that to her son.");<a href="#cite_note-mraz_nacho_lopez-143">[143]</a>: p.99  another staff member urged Buñuel to abandon shooting on a "garbage heap", noting that there were many "lovely residential neighborhoods like <a href="/wiki/Lomas_de_Chapultepec" title="Lomas de Chapultepec">Las Lomas</a>" that were available;<a href="#cite_note-mraz_nacho_lopez-143">[143]</a>: p.99  while Pedro de Urdimalas, one of the scriptwriters, refused to allow his name in the credits.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paz0.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Paz0.jpg/155px-Paz0.jpg" decoding="async" width="155" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Paz0.jpg/233px-Paz0.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3e/Paz0.jpg 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="364" /></a><figcaption>Octavio Paz, ardent champion of Los olvidados and close friend during Buñuel's exile in Mexico<a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a></figcaption></figure> This hostility was also felt by those who attended the movie's première in Mexico City on 9 November 1950, when Los olvidados was taken by many as an insult to Mexican sensibilities and to the Mexican nation.<a href="#cite_note-acevedo-munoz-84">[84]</a>: p.67  At one point, the audience shrieked in shock as one of the characters looked straight into the camera and hurled a rotten egg at it, leaving a gelatinous, opaque ooze on the lens for a few moments.<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> In his memoir, Buñuel recalled that after the initial screening, the painter <a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Frida Kahlo</a> refused to speak to him, while poet <a href="/wiki/Le%C3%B3n_Felipe" title="León Felipe">León Felipe</a>'s wife had to be restrained physically from attacking him.<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: pp.200–201  There were even calls to have Buñuel's Mexican citizenship revoked.<a href="#cite_note-de_la_colina-35">[35]</a>: p.61  Dancigers, panicked by what he feared would be a complete debacle, quickly commissioned an alternate "happy" ending to the film,<a href="#cite_note-unesco-147">[147]</a> and also tacked on a preface showing stock footage of the skylines of New York City, London and Paris with voice-over commentary to the effect that behind the wealth of all the great cities of the world can be found poverty and malnourished children, and that Mexico City "that large modern city, is no exception".<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a> Regardless, attendance was so poor that Dancigers withdrew the film after only three days in theaters.<a href="#cite_note-berg_los_olvidados-149">[149]</a> Through the determined efforts of future Nobel Prize winner for Literature <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a>, who at the time was in Mexico's diplomatic service, Los olvidados was chosen to represent Mexico at the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> of 1951, and Paz promoted the film assiduously by distributing a supportive manifesto<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> and parading outside the cinema with a placard.<a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a> Opinion in general was enthusiastic, with the Surrealists (Breton and poet <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Prevert" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Prevert">Jacques Prevert</a>) and other artistic intellectuals (painter <a href="/wiki/Marc_Chagall" title="Marc Chagall">Marc Chagall</a> and poet/dramatist/filmmaker <a href="/wiki/Jean_Cocteau" title="Jean Cocteau">Jean Cocteau</a>) laudatory, but the communist critic Georges Sadoul objected to what he saw as the film's "bourgeois morality" because of its positive depictions of a "bourgeois teacher" and a "bourgeois state" in rehabilitating street children, as well as a scene in which the police demonstrate their utility by stopping a pederast from assaulting a child.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a> Buñuel won the Best Director prize that year at Cannes, and also won the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Film_Critics" title="International Federation of Film Critics">FIPRESCI International Critics' Award</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> The film was reissued in Mexico where it ran for two months to much greater acceptance and profit.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> Los olvidados and its triumph at Cannes made Buñuel an instant world celebrity and the most important Spanish-speaking film director in the world.<a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a> In 2003, Los olvidados was recommended by <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> for inclusion in the <a href="/wiki/Memory_of_the_World_Programme#Memory_of_the_World_Register" title="Memory of the World Programme">Memory of the World Register</a>, calling it: "the most important document in Spanish about the marginal lives of children in contemporary large cities".<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CCDDFF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Here in Mexico, I have become a professional in the film world. Until I came here I made a film the way a writer makes a book, and on my friends' money at that. I am very grateful and happy to have lived in Mexico, and I have been able to make my films here in a way I could not have in any other country in the world. It is quite true that in the beginning, caught up by necessity, I was forced to make cheap films. But I never made a film which went against my conscience or my convictions. I have never made a superficial, uninteresting film.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">– Luis Buñuel on his mid-century career in Mexico.</cite> </div> Buñuel remained in Mexico for the rest of his life, although he spent periods of time filming in France and Spain. In Mexico, he filmed 21 films over 18 years. For many critics, although there were occasional widely acknowledged masterpieces like Los olvidados and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89l_(film)" title="Él (film)">Él</a> (1953), the majority of his output consisted of generic fare which was adapted to the norms of the national film industry, frequently adopting melodramatic conventions that appealed to local tastes.<a href="#cite_note-lim-158">[158]</a> Other commentators, however, have written of the deceptive complexity and intensity of many of these films, arguing that, collectively, they, "bring a philosophical depth and power to his cinema, together offering a sustained meditation on ideas of religion, class inequity, violence and desire".<a href="#cite_note-Harvard.edu-1">[1]</a> Although Buñuel usually had little choice regarding the selection of these projects,<a href="#cite_note-Delmas-159">[159]</a> they often deal with themes that were central to his lifelong concerns:<a href="#cite_note-adler-160">[160]</a> <ul><li>sexual pathology:<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Él (1953), <a href="/wiki/Ensayo_de_un_crimen" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensayo de un crimen">Ensayo de un crimen</a> (1955), and <a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1954_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1954 film)">Abismos de pasión</a> (1954)</li> <li>the destructive effects of rampant <a href="/wiki/Machismo" title="Machismo">machismo</a>:<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/El_Bruto" title="El Bruto">El Bruto</a>, (1953), <a href="/wiki/El_r%C3%ADo_y_la_muerte" class="mw-redirect" title="El río y la muerte">El río y la muerte</a>, (1955);</li> <li>the blurring of fantasy and reality:<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a> <a href="/wiki/Subida_al_cielo" class="mw-redirect" title="Subida al cielo">Subida al cielo</a> (1952), <a href="/wiki/La_ilusi%C3%B3n_viaja_en_tranv%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="La ilusión viaja en tranvía">La ilusión viaja en tranvía</a> (1954);</li> <li>the disruptive status of women in a male-dominated culture:<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a> <a href="/wiki/Susana_(film)" title="Susana (film)">Susana</a> (1951), <a href="/wiki/La_hija_del_enga%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="La hija del engaño">La hija del engaño</a> (1951—a remake of the Filmófono production Don Quintín el amargao of 16 years earlier),<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a> <a href="/wiki/Una_mujer_sin_amor" class="mw-redirect" title="Una mujer sin amor">Una mujer sin amor</a> (1952); and</li> <li>the absurdity of the religious life:<a href="#cite_note-edwards-32">[32]</a>: pp.118–19  <a href="/wiki/Nazar%C3%ADn" title="Nazarín">Nazarín</a> (1959) and Simón del desierto (1965).</li></ul> As busy as he was during the 1950s and early 1960s, there were still many film projects that Buñuel had to abandon due to lack of financing or studio support, including a cherished plan to film Mexican novelist <a href="/wiki/Juan_Rulfo" title="Juan Rulfo">Juan Rulfo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Pedro_P%C3%A1ramo" title="Pedro Páramo">Pedro Páramo</a>, of which he said how much he enjoyed "the crossing from the mysterious to the real, almost without transition. I really like this mixture of reality and fantasy, but I don't know how to bring it to the screen."<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a> Other unrealized projects during his lifetime included adaptations of <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Gide" title="André Gide">André Gide</a>'s Les caves du Vatican; <a href="/wiki/Benito_P%C3%A9rez_Gald%C3%B3s" title="Benito Pérez Galdós">Benito Pérez Galdós</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fortunata_y_Jacinta" title="Fortunata y Jacinta">Fortunata y Jacinta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Do%C3%B1a_Perfecta" title="Doña Perfecta">Doña Perfecta</a>, and Ángel Guerra; <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Waugh" title="Evelyn Waugh">Evelyn Waugh</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Loved_One_(book)" title="The Loved One (book)">The Loved One</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Golding" title="William Golding">William Golding</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Flies" title="Lord of the Flies">Lord of the Flies</a>; <a href="/wiki/Dalton_Trumbo" title="Dalton Trumbo">Dalton Trumbo</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Got_His_Gun" title="Johnny Got His Gun">Johnny Got His Gun</a>; <a href="/wiki/J._K._Huysmans" class="mw-redirect" title="J. K. Huysmans">J. K. Huysmans</a>' <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A0-bas_(novel)" title="Là-bas (novel)">Là-Bas</a>; <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Lewis_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Lewis (writer)">Matthew Lewis</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Monk" title="The Monk">The Monk</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Donoso" title="José Donoso">José Donoso</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hell_Has_No_Limits" title="Hell Has No Limits">Lugar sin límites</a>; a film of four stories based on <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Aura_(Fuentes)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aura (Fuentes)">Aura</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Julio_Cort%C3%A1zar" title="Julio Cortázar">Julio Cortázar</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Final_del_juego" title="Final del juego">Las ménades</a>.<a href="#cite_note-fuentes_discourse-126">[126]</a>: p.96  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1954–1965:_International_work">1954–1965: International work</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1954–1965: International work">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Michel_Piccoli_Cannes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Michel_Piccoli_Cannes.jpg/170px-Michel_Piccoli_Cannes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Michel_Piccoli_Cannes.jpg/255px-Michel_Piccoli_Cannes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Michel_Piccoli_Cannes.jpg/340px-Michel_Piccoli_Cannes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="424" data-file-height="604" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a>. The popular French film star appeared in six Buñuel films, beginning with <a href="/wiki/Death_in_the_Garden" title="Death in the Garden">La Mort en ce jardin</a>, 1956. </figcaption></figure> As much as he welcomed steady employment in the Mexican film industry, Buñuel was quick to seize opportunities to re-emerge onto the international film scene and to engage with themes that were not necessarily focused on Mexican preoccupations.<a href="#cite_note-acevedo-munoz-84">[84]</a>: p.144  His first chance came in 1954, when Dancigers partnered with Henry F. Ehrlich, of <a href="/wiki/United_Artists" title="United Artists">United Artists</a>, to co-produce a film version of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Defoe" title="Daniel Defoe">Daniel Defoe</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe" title="Robinson Crusoe">Robinson Crusoe</a>, using a script developed by the Canadian writer <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Butler" title="Hugo Butler">Hugo Butler</a>. The film was produced by George Pepper, the former executive secretary of the Hollywood Democratic Committee. Both Butler and Pepper were emigres from Hollywood who had run afoul of authorities seeking out communists.<a href="#cite_note-schreiber-107">[107]</a>: p.75 <a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a> The result, <a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Robinson_Crusoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventures of Robinson Crusoe">Adventures of Robinson Crusoe</a>, was Buñuel's first color film.<a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a> Buñuel was given much more time than usual for the filming (three months), which was accomplished on location in Manzanillo, a Pacific seaport with a lush jungle interior, and was shot simultaneously in English and Spanish.<a href="#cite_note-axmaker_robinson_crusoe-169">[169]</a> When the film was released in the United States, its young star <a href="/wiki/Dan_O%27Herlihy" title="Dan O'Herlihy">Dan O'Herlihy</a> used his own money to fund a Los Angeles run for the film and gave free admission to all members of the <a href="/wiki/Screen_Actors_Guild" title="Screen Actors Guild">Screen Actors Guild</a>, who in turn rewarded the little-known actor with his only <a href="/wiki/Oscar_award" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar award">Oscar</a> nomination.<a href="#cite_note-axmaker_robinson_crusoe-169">[169]</a> In the mid-1950s, Buñuel got the chance to work again in France on international co-productions. The result was what critic <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Durgnat" title="Raymond Durgnat">Raymond Durgnat</a> has called the director's "revolutionary triptych", in that each of the three films is "openly, or by implication, a study in the morality and tactics of armed revolution against a right-wing dictatorship".<a href="#cite_note-durgnat-64">[64]</a>: p.100  The first, <a href="/wiki/Cela_s%27appelle_l%27aurore" title="Cela s'appelle l'aurore">Cela s'appelle l'aurore</a> (Franco-Italian, 1956) required Buñuel and the <a href="/wiki/%27Pataphysics" title="'Pataphysics">"pataphysical"</a> writer <a href="/wiki/Jean_Ferry" title="Jean Ferry">Jean Ferry</a> to adapt a novel by <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Robl%C3%A8s" title="Emmanuel Roblès">Emmanuel Roblès</a> after the celebrated writer <a href="/wiki/Jean_Genet" title="Jean Genet">Jean Genet</a> failed to deliver a script after having been paid in full.<a href="#cite_note-aranda-108">[108]</a>: p.100  The second film was <a href="/wiki/Death_in_the_Garden" title="Death in the Garden">La Mort en ce jardin</a> (Franco-Mexican, 1956), which was adapted by Buñuel and his frequent collaborator <a href="/wiki/Luis_Alcoriza" title="Luis Alcoriza">Luis Alcoriza</a> from a novel by the Belgian writer <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9-Andr%C3%A9_Lacour" title="José-André Lacour">José-André Lacour</a>. The final part of the "triptych" was <a href="/wiki/La_Fi%C3%A8vre_Monte_%C3%A0_El_Pao" title="La Fièvre Monte à El Pao">La Fièvre Monte à El Pao</a> (Franco-Mexican, 1959), the last film of the popular French star <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Philipe" title="Gérard Philipe">Gérard Philipe</a>, who died in the final stages of the production.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a> At one point during the filming, Buñuel asked Philipe, who was visibly dying of cancer, why the actor was making this film, and Philipe responded by asking the director the same question, to which both said they did not know.<a href="#cite_note-hagopian-171">[171]</a> Buñuel was later to explain that he was so strapped for cash that he, "took everything that was offered to me, as long as it wasn't humiliating".<a href="#cite_note-hagopian-171">[171]</a> In 1960, Buñuel re-teamed with scenarist Hugo Butler and organizer George Pepper, allegedly his favorite producer, to make his second English-language film, a US/Mexico co-production called <a href="/wiki/The_Young_One" title="The Young One">The Young One</a>, based on a short story by writer and former CIA-agent <a href="/wiki/Peter_Matthiessen" title="Peter Matthiessen">Peter Matthiessen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-172">[172]</a> This film has been called "a surprisingly uncompromising study of racism and sexual desire, set on a remote island in the Deep South"<a href="#cite_note-Harvard.edu-1">[1]</a> and has been described by critic Ed Gonzalez as "salacious enough to make <a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Baby_Doll" title="Baby Doll">Baby Doll</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Luis Malle's</a> <a href="/wiki/Pretty_Baby_(1978_film)" title="Pretty Baby (1978 film)">Pretty Baby</a> blush".<a href="#cite_note-The_Young_One_4_out_of_4-173">[173]</a> Although the film won a special award at the Cannes Film Festival for its treatment of racial discrimination,<a href="#cite_note-bentley-90">[90]</a>: p.151  the US critics were so hostile upon its release that Buñuel was later to say that "a Harlem newspaper even wrote that I should be hung upside down from a lamppost on Fifth Avenue...I made this film with love, but it never had a chance."<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a> At the 1960 Cannes Festival, Buñuel was approached by the young director <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saura" title="Carlos Saura">Carlos Saura</a>, whose film <a href="/wiki/The_Delinquents_(1960_film)" title="The Delinquents (1960 film)">Los Golfos</a> had been entered officially to represent Spain.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a> Two years earlier, Saura had partnered with <a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Bardem" title="Juan Antonio Bardem">Juan Antonio Bardem</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luis_Garc%C3%ADa_Berlanga" title="Luis García Berlanga">Luis García Berlanga</a> to form a production company called UNINCI,<a href="#cite_note-andrew_whittaker-176">[176]</a> and the group was keen to get Buñuel to make a new film in his native country as part of their overall goal of creating a uniquely Spanish brand of cinema.<a href="#cite_note-aranda-108">[108]</a>: p.190–91  At the same time, Mexican actress <a href="/wiki/Silvia_Pinal" title="Silvia Pinal">Silvia Pinal</a> was eager to work with Buñuel and talked her producer-husband <a href="/wiki/Gustavo_Alatriste" title="Gustavo Alatriste">Gustavo Alatriste</a> into providing additional funding for the project with the understanding that the director, who Pinal described as "a man worshiped and idolized", would be given "absolute freedom" in carrying out the work.<a href="#cite_note-agustin_de_gracia-177">[177]</a> Finally, Buñuel agreed to work again in Spain when further support was provided by producer <a href="/wiki/Pere_Portabella" title="Pere Portabella">Pere Portabella</a>'s company Film 59.<a href="#cite_note-pere_portabella-178">[178]</a> Buñuel and his co-scenarist <a href="/wiki/Julio_Alejandro" title="Julio Alejandro">Julio Alejandro</a> drafted a preliminary screenplay for <a href="/wiki/Viridiana" title="Viridiana">Viridiana</a>, which critic <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sarris" title="Andrew Sarris">Andrew Sarris</a> has described as incorporating "a plot which is almost too lurid to synopsize even in these enlightened times",<a href="#cite_note-sarris_viridiana-179">[179]</a> dealing with rape, incest, hints of necrophilia, animal cruelty and sacrilege, and submitted it to the Spanish censor, who, to the surprise of nearly everyone, approved it after requesting only minor modifications and one significant change to the ending.<a href="#cite_note-d'lugo_films_of_carlos_saura-180">[180]</a> Although Buñuel accommodated the censor's demands, he came up with a final scene that was even more provocative than the scene it replaced: "even more immoral", as Buñuel was later to observe.<a href="#cite_note-ebert_viridiana-181">[181]</a> Since Buñuel had more than adequate resources, top-flight technical and artistic crews, and experienced actors, filming of Viridiana (which took place on location and at Bardem's studios in Madrid) went smoothly and quickly.<a href="#cite_note-Pavlovi-182">[182]</a>: p. 98  Buñuel submitted a cutting copy to the censors and then arranged for his son, Juan Luis, to smuggle the negatives to Paris for the final editing and mixing,<a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a> ensuring that the authorities would not have an opportunity to view the finished product before its planned submission as Spain's official entry to the 1961 Cannes Festival.<a href="#cite_note-buache-184">[184]</a> Spain's director general of cinematography José Muñoz-Fontán presented the film on the last day of the festival and then, on the urging of Portabella and Bardem, appeared in person to accept the top prize, the <a href="/wiki/Palme_d%27Or" title="Palme d'Or">Palme d'Or</a>, which the film shared with the French entry <a href="/wiki/Une_aussi_longue_absence" class="mw-redirect" title="Une aussi longue absence">Une aussi longue absence</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Henri_Colpi" title="Henri Colpi">Henri Colpi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-buache_french_edition-185">[185]</a> Within days, <a href="/wiki/L%27Osservatore_Romano" title="L'Osservatore Romano">l'Osservatore Romano</a>, the Vatican's official organ, denounced the film as an insult not only to Catholicism but to Christianity.<a href="#cite_note-malcolm-186">[186]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> Muñoz-Fontán was dismissed from his government post,<a href="#cite_note-buache_french_edition-185">[185]</a> the film was banned in Spain for the next 17 years, all mention of it in the press was prohibited, and the two Spanish production companies UNINCI and Film 59 were disbanded.<a href="#cite_note-d'lugo_films_of_carlos_saura-180">[180]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_la_BNF.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_la_BNF.jpg/270px-Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_la_BNF.jpg" decoding="async" width="270" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_la_BNF.jpg/405px-Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_la_BNF.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_la_BNF.jpg/540px-Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re_%C3%A0_la_BNF.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>"When today I amuse myself by making useless calculations, I realize that Buñuel and I shared more than two thousand meals together and that on more than fifteen hundred occasions he knocked on my door, notes in hand, ready to begin work. I'm not even counting the walks, the drinks, the films we watched together, the film festivals."<a href="#cite_note-carriere_flickhead-188">[188]</a> – Jean-Claude Carrière on his long-term collaboration with Buñuel.</figcaption></figure> Buñuel went on to make two more films in Mexico with Pinal and Alatriste, <a href="/wiki/El_%C3%A1ngel_exterminador" class="mw-redirect" title="El ángel exterminador">El ángel exterminador</a> (1962) and <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_del_desierto" class="mw-redirect" title="Simón del desierto">Simón del desierto</a> (1965) and was later to say that Alatriste had been the one producer who gave him the most freedom in creative expression.<a href="#cite_note-Rowman_&_Littlefield-189">[189]</a> In 1963, actor <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Rey" title="Fernando Rey">Fernando Rey</a>, one of the stars of Viridiana, introduced Buñuel to producer <a href="/wiki/Serge_Silberman" title="Serge Silberman">Serge Silberman</a>, a Polish entrepreneur who had fled to Paris when his family died in the Holocaust<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a> and had worked with several renowned French directors, including <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Melville" title="Jean-Pierre Melville">Jean-Pierre Melville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Becker" title="Jacques Becker">Jacques Becker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Camus" title="Marcel Camus">Marcel Camus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian-Jaque" title="Christian-Jaque">Christian-Jaque</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ronald_bergan-191">[191]</a> Silberman proposed that the two make an adaptation of <a href="/wiki/Octave_Mirbeau" title="Octave Mirbeau">Octave Mirbeau</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Chambermaid_(novel)" title="The Diary of a Chambermaid (novel)">Journal d'une femme de chambre</a>, which Buñuel had read several times.<a href="#cite_note-gonzalez_chambermaid-192">[192]</a> Buñuel wanted to do the filming in Mexico with Pinal, but Silberman insisted it be done in France.<a href="#cite_note-gonzalez_chambermaid-192">[192]</a> Pinal was so determined to work again with Buñuel that she was ready to move to France, learn the language and even work for nothing in order to get the part of <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9lestine_(Mirbeau)" title="Célestine (Mirbeau)">Célestine</a>, the title character.<a href="#cite_note-rivera_pinal-193">[193]</a> Silberman, however, wanted French actress <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> to play the role, so he put Pinal off by telling her that Moreau, too, was willing to act with no fee. Ultimately, Silberman got his way, leaving Pinal so disappointed that she was later to claim that Alatriste's failure to help her secure this part led to the breakup of their marriage.<a href="#cite_note-rivera_pinal-193">[193]</a> When Buñuel requested a French-speaking writer with whom to collaborate on the screenplay, Silberman suggested the 32-year-old <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a>, an actor whose previous screenwriting credits included only a few films for the comic star/director <a href="/wiki/Pierre_%C3%89taix" title="Pierre Étaix">Pierre Étaix</a>, but once Buñuel learned that Carrière was the heir to a wine-growing family, the newcomer was hired on the spot.<a href="#cite_note-ronald_bergan-191">[191]</a> At first, Carrière found it difficult to work with Buñuel, because the young man was so deferential that he never challenged any of Buñuel's ideas, until, at Buñuel's covert insistence, Silberman told Carrière to stand up to Buñuel now and then; as Carrière was later to say: "In a way, Buñuel needed an opponent. He didn't need a secretary – he needed someone to contradict him and oppose him and to make suggestions."<a href="#cite_note-tim_grierson_FilmCraft:_Screenwriting-194">[194]</a> The finished 1964 film, <a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Chambermaid_(1964_film)" title="Diary of a Chambermaid (1964 film)">Diary of a Chambermaid</a>, became the first of several to be made by the team of Buñuel, Carrière and Silberman. Carrière later said "Without me and without Serge Silberman, the producer, perhaps Buñuel would not have made so many films after he was 65. We really encouraged him to work. That's for sure."<a href="#cite_note-Colville-Andersen-195">[195]</a> This was the second filmed version of Mirbeau's novel, the first being <a href="/wiki/The_Diary_of_a_Chambermaid_(1946_film)" title="The Diary of a Chambermaid (1946 film)">a 1946 Hollywood production</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a>, which Buñuel refused to view for fear of being influenced by the famous French director, whom he venerated.<a href="#cite_note-david_kalat-196">[196]</a> Buñuel's version, while admired by many, has often been compared unfavorably to Renoir's, with a number of critics claiming that Renoir's Diary fits better in Renoir's overall oeuvre, while Buñuel's Diary is not sufficiently "Buñuelian".<a href="#cite_note-Geoffrey_T._Harris-197">[197]</a> After the 1964 release of Diary, Buñuel again tried to make a film of Matthew Lewis' <a href="/wiki/The_Monk" title="The Monk">The Monk</a>, a project on which he had worked, on and off, since 1938, according to producer <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Braunberger" title="Pierre Braunberger">Pierre Braunberger</a>.<a href="#cite_note-gubern-51">[51]</a>: p.137  He and Carrière wrote a screenplay, but were unable to obtain funding, which was realized in 1973 under the direction of Buñuel devotee <a href="/wiki/Adonis_A._Kyrou" title="Adonis A. Kyrou">Ado Kyrou</a>, with considerable assistance from both Buñuel and Carrière.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a> In 1965, Buñuel managed to work again with Silvia Pinal in what was his last Mexican feature, co-starring Claudio Brook, <a href="/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_del_desierto" class="mw-redirect" title="Simón del desierto">Simón del desierto</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Rowman_&_Littlefield-189">[189]</a> Pinal was keenly interested in continuing to work with Buñuel, trusting him completely and frequently stating that he brought out the best in her; however, this was their last collaboration.<a href="#cite_note-La_Jornada-199">[199]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1966–1983:_Acclaim_and_final_films">1966–1983: Acclaim and final films</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1966–1983: Acclaim and final films">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Catherine_Deneuve_1969-2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Catherine_Deneuve_1969-2.jpg/195px-Catherine_Deneuve_1969-2.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Catherine_Deneuve_1969-2.jpg/293px-Catherine_Deneuve_1969-2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Catherine_Deneuve_1969-2.jpg/390px-Catherine_Deneuve_1969-2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="737" data-file-height="920" /></a><figcaption>Speaking of Buñuel's deafness, actress Catherine Deneuve, star of <a href="/wiki/Belle_de_Jour_(film)" title="Belle de Jour (film)">Belle de Jour</a> (1967) and <a href="/wiki/Tristana_(film)" title="Tristana (film)">Tristana</a> (1970), said: "Well, I think it was difficult for him, coping with his deafness. Some people said he was not that deaf, but I think, when you don't hear very well and when you're tired, everything sinks into a buzz, and it is very hard. French is not his language, so on Belle de Jour, I'm sure that it was much more of an effort for him to have to explain."<a href="#cite_note-zohn-200">[200]</a></figcaption></figure> In 1966, Buñuel was contacted by <a href="/wiki/Robert_and_Raymond_Hakim" title="Robert and Raymond Hakim">the Hakim brothers, Robert and Raymond</a>, Egyptian-French producers who specialized in sexy films directed by star filmmakers,<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> who offered him the opportunity to direct a film version of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Kessel" title="Joseph Kessel">Joseph Kessel</a>'s novel <a href="/wiki/Belle_de_Jour_(novel)" title="Belle de Jour (novel)">Belle de Jour</a>, a book about an affluent young woman who leads a double life as a prostitute, and that had caused a scandal upon its first publication in 1928.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Buñuel did not like Kessel's novel, considering it "a bit of a soap opera",<a href="#cite_note-Europe_of_Cultures-203">[203]</a> but he took on the challenge because: "I found it interesting to try to turn something I didn't like into something I did."<a href="#cite_note-levy_belle_de_jour-204">[204]</a> So he and Carrière set out enthusiastically to interview women in the brothels of Madrid to learn about their sexual fantasies.<a href="#cite_note-belle_de_jour_tcm-205">[205]</a> Buñuel also was not happy about the choice of the 22-year-old <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a> for the title role, feeling that she had been foisted upon him by the Hakim brothers and Deneuve's lover at the time, director <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a>.<a href="#cite_note-moma_belle_de_jour-206">[206]</a> As a result, both actress and director found working together difficult, with Deneuve claiming, "I felt they showed more of me than they'd said they were going to. There were moments when I felt totally used. I was very unhappy,"<a href="#cite_note-anderson_belle-207">[207]</a> and Buñuel deriding her prudery on the set.<a href="#cite_note-zohn-200">[200]</a> The resulting film has been described by film critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> as "possibly the best-known erotic film of modern times, perhaps the best",<a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a> even though, as another critic has written, "in terms of explicit sexual activity, there is little in Belle de jour we might not see in a <a href="/wiki/Doris_Day" title="Doris Day">Doris Day</a> comedy from the same year".<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> It was Buñuel's most successful film at the box office.<a href="#cite_note-anderson_belle-207">[207]</a> Critics have noted Buñuel's habit of following up a commercial or critical success with a more personal, idiosyncratic film that might have less chance of popular esteem.<a href="#cite_note-Polizzotti_milky_way-210">[210]</a> After the worldwide success of his 1967 Belle de jour, and upon viewing <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>'s film La Chinoise, Buñuel, who had wanted to make a film about Catholic heresies for years, told Carrière: "If that is what today's cinema is like, then we can make a film about heresies."<a href="#cite_note-supernal_dreams-211">[211]</a> The two spent months researching Catholic history and created the 1969 film <a href="/wiki/The_Milky_Way_(1969_film)" title="The Milky Way (1969 film)">The Milky Way</a>, a "picaresque road film"<a href="#cite_note-Nochimson-212">[212]</a> that tells the story of two vagabonds on <a href="/wiki/Camino_de_Santiago" title="Camino de Santiago">pilgrimage to the tomb of the Apostle James</a> at <a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a>, during which they travel through time and space to take part in situations illustrating heresies that arose from the six major Catholic dogmas.<a href="#cite_note-mazur-213">[213]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a>, reviewing the film in the New York Times, compared it to <a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a>' blockbuster <a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Story_Ever_Told" title="The Greatest Story Ever Told">The Greatest Story Ever Told</a>, in that Buñuel had made a film about Jesus casting nearly all the famous French performers of the time in cameo roles.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a> The Milky Way was banned in Italy, only to have the Catholic Church intervene on its behalf.<a href="#cite_note-durgnat-64">[64]</a>: p.152  <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CCDDFF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> A few great directors have the ability to draw us into their dream world, into their personalities and obsessions and fascinate us with them for a short time. This is the highest level of escapism the movies can provide for us – just as our elementary identification with a hero or a heroine was the lowest. </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Film critic <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>, on Tristana<a href="#cite_note-ebert_tristana-215">[215]</a></cite> </div> The 1970 film <a href="/wiki/Tristana_(film)" title="Tristana (film)">Tristana</a> is a film about a young woman who is seduced and manipulated by her guardian, who attempts to thwart her romance with a young artist and who eventually induces her to marry him after she loses one of her legs due to a tumor. It has been considered by scholar Beth Miller the least understood of Buñuel's films, and consequently one of the most underrated, due to a "consistent failure to apprehend its political and, especially, its socialist-feminist statement".<a href="#cite_note-beth_miller-216">[216]</a> Buñuel had wanted to make a film of <a href="/wiki/Benito_P%C3%A9rez_Gald%C3%B3s" title="Benito Pérez Galdós">Benito Pérez Galdós</a>' novel <a href="/wiki/Tristana_(novel)" title="Tristana (novel)">Tristana</a> as early as 1952, even though he considered Galdós' book the author's weakest.<a href="#cite_note-fujiwara-217">[217]</a> After finishing Viridiana and in the wake of the scandal its release caused in 1962, the Spanish censor turned down this project,<a href="#cite_note-durgnat-64">[64]</a>: p.152  and Buñuel had to wait for 8 years before he could receive backing from the Spanish production company Época Films.<a href="#cite_note-fujiwara-217">[217]</a> The censors had threatened to deny permission for the film on the grounds that it encouraged duelling, so Buñuel had to approach the subject matter very gingerly, in addition to making concessions to his French/Italian/Spanish producers, who insisted on casting two of the three primary roles with actors not of Buñuel's choosing: <a href="/wiki/Franco_Nero" title="Franco Nero">Franco Nero</a> and Catherine Deneuve.<a href="#cite_note-faulkner_literary_adaptations-218">[218]</a>: p.128  On this occasion, however, Deneuve and Buñuel had a more mutually satisfactory working relationship, with Deneuve telling an interviewer, "but in the end, you know, it was actually rather a wonderful shoot. Tristana is one of my favorite films. Personally, as an actress, I prefer Tristana to Belle de Jour."<a href="#cite_note-fujiwara-217">[217]</a> The germ of the idea for their next film together, <a href="/wiki/The_Discreet_Charm_of_the_Bourgeoisie" title="The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie">The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie</a> (1972) came from Buñuel and Silberman discussing uncanny repetition in everyday life; Silberman told an anecdote about how he had invited some friends for dinner at his house, only to forget about it, so that, on the night of the dinner party, he was absent and his wife was in her nightclothes.<a href="#cite_note-pinkos-219">[219]</a> The film tells of a group of affluent friends who are continually stymied in their attempts to eat a meal together, a situation that a number of critics have contrasted to the opposite dilemma of the characters in <a href="/wiki/The_Exterminating_Angel" title="The Exterminating Angel">The Exterminating Angel</a>, where guests of a dinner party are mysteriously unable to leave after having completed their meal.<a href="#cite_note-lim-158">[158]</a> For this film, Buñuel, Silberman and Carrière assembled a top-flight cast of European performers, "a veritable rogues' gallery of French art-house cinema", according to one critic.<a href="#cite_note-budd_wilkins-220">[220]</a> For the first time, Buñuel made use of a <a href="/wiki/Video_monitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Video monitors">video-playback monitor</a>, which allowed him to make much more extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Crane_shot" title="Crane shot">crane shots</a> and elaborate <a href="/wiki/Tracking_shot" title="Tracking shot">tracking shots</a>, and enabled him to cut the film in the camera and eliminate the need for <a href="/wiki/Re-shoot" class="mw-redirect" title="Re-shoot">reshoots</a>.<a href="#cite_note-pinkos-219">[219]</a> Filming required only two months and Buñuel claimed that editing took only one day.<a href="#cite_note-pinkos-219">[219]</a> When the film was released, Silberman decided to skip the Cannes Festival in order to concentrate on getting it nominated for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film">Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film</a>, which it won, leading Buñuel to express his contempt for a process that relied on the judgment of "2500 idiots, including for example the assistant dress designer of the studio".<a href="#cite_note-pinkos-219">[219]</a> As was his habit, Buñuel took advantage of the popular success of Discreet Charm to make one of the "puzzling, idiosyncratic films he really wanted to make".<a href="#cite_note-Polizzotti_milky_way-210">[210]</a> In 1973, at the <a href="/wiki/Monastery_of_El_Paular" title="Monastery of El Paular">Monastery of Paular</a> in the Spanish <a href="/wiki/Somosierra" title="Somosierra">Somosierra</a>, he wrote the screenplay for <a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_Liberty" title="The Phantom of Liberty">The Phantom of Liberty</a> (1974) with Carrière for production by Silberman and his Hollywood partners.<a href="#cite_note-aranda-108">[108]</a>: p.249  The resulting film is a series of 12 distinctive episodes with separate protagonists, linked together only by following a character from one episode to another in a relay-race manner.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a> Buñuel has stated that he made the film as a tribute to poet <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_P%C3%A9ret" title="Benjamin Péret">Benjamin Péret</a>, a founding member of French Surrealism,<a href="#cite_note-bill_krohn-120">[120]</a>: p.170  and called it his "most Surrealist film".<a href="#cite_note-aranda-108">[108]</a>: p.249  Buñuel's final film was <a href="/wiki/That_Obscure_Object_of_Desire" title="That Obscure Object of Desire">That Obscure Object of Desire</a> (1977), adapted by Buñuel and Carrière from an 1898 novel by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Lou%C3%BFs" title="Pierre Louÿs">Pierre Louÿs</a> called <a href="/wiki/La_Femme_et_le_pantin" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme et le pantin">La Femme et le pantin</a>, which had already been used as the basis of films directed by <a href="/wiki/Josef_von_Sternberg" title="Josef von Sternberg">Josef von Sternberg</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Devil_is_a_Woman_(1935_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Devil is a Woman (1935 film)">The Devil is a Woman</a>, 1935) and <a href="/wiki/Julien_Duvivier" title="Julien Duvivier">Julien Duvivier</a> (<a href="/wiki/La_Femme_et_le_Pantin" class="mw-redirect" title="La Femme et le Pantin">La Femme et le Pantin</a>, 1959). The film, which tells the story of an older man who is obsessed by a young woman who continually evades his attempts to consummate a sexual relationship, starred the Spanish actor <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Rey" title="Fernando Rey">Fernando Rey</a>, appearing in his fourth Buñuel film. Initially, the part of the young woman was to be played by <a href="/wiki/Maria_Schneider_(actress)" title="Maria Schneider (actress)">Maria Schneider</a>, who had achieved international fame for her roles in <a href="/wiki/Last_Tango_in_Paris" title="Last Tango in Paris">Last Tango in Paris</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Passenger_(1975_film)" title="The Passenger (1975 film)">The Passenger</a>,<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> but once shooting started, according to Carrière, her drug usage resulted in a "lackluster and dull" performance that caused tempestuous arguments with Buñuel on the set and her eventual dismissal.<a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a> Silberman, the producer, decided to abandon the project at that point, but was convinced by Buñuel to continue shooting with two different actresses, <a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngela_Molina" title="Ángela Molina">Ángela Molina</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carole_Bouquet" title="Carole Bouquet">Carole Bouquet</a> playing the same role in alternating sequences throughout the film. In his autobiography, Buñuel claimed that this unusual casting decision was his own idea after drinking two dry martinis, saying: "If I had to list all the benefits derived from alcohol, it would be endless".<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a> Others have reported that Carrière had first broached the idea while developing the film's scenario, but had been brushed off by Buñuel as "the whim of a rainy day".<a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a> After the release of <a href="/wiki/That_Obscure_Object_of_Desire" title="That Obscure Object of Desire">That Obscure Object of Desire</a>, Buñuel retired from filmmaking.<a href="#cite_note-McAdam-226">[226]</a> In 1982, he wrote (along with Carrière) his autobiography, Mon Dernier Soupir (translated into English as My Last Sigh in the U.S., My Last Breath in the UK), which provides an account of his life, friends, and family as well as a representation of his eccentric personality. In it, he recounts dreams, encounters with many well-known writers, actors, and artists such as <a href="/wiki/Pablo_Picasso" title="Pablo Picasso">Pablo Picasso</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> as well as antics, like dressing up as a nun and walking around town.<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p. 83  <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1224211176"><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25%; ; color: #202122;background-color: #CCDDFF;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> Luis waited for death for a long time, like a good Spaniard, and when he died he was ready. His relationship with death was like that one has with a woman. He felt the love, hate, tenderness, ironical detachment of a long relationship, and he didn't want to miss the last encounter, the moment of union. "I hope I will die alive," he told me. At the end it was as he had wished. His last words were "I'm dying".<a href="#cite_note-carriere_flickhead-188">[188]</a> </blockquote> <cite class="left-aligned" style="">Long-time friend and collaborator, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a></cite> </div> Starting at the age of 17, Buñuel steadily dated the future poet and dramatist <a href="/wiki/Concha_M%C3%A9ndez" title="Concha Méndez">Concha Méndez</a>, with whom he vacationed every summer at <a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a>. He introduced her to his friends at the Residencia as his fiancée.<a href="#cite_note-bellver-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-wilcox-228">[228]</a> After five years, she broke off the relationship, citing Buñuel's "insufferable character".<a href="#cite_note-agonia.net-229">[229]</a> During his student years, Buñuel became an accomplished hypnotist. He claimed that once, while calming a hysterical prostitute through <a href="/wiki/Hypnosis" title="Hypnosis">hypnotic</a> suggestion, he inadvertently put one of the several bystanders into a trance as well.<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.67  He was often to insist that watching movies was a form of hypnosis: "This kind of cinematographic hypnosis is no doubt due to the darkness of the theatre and to the rapidly changing scenes, lights, and camera movements, which weaken the spectator's critical intelligence and exercise over him a kind of fascination."<a href="#cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">[26]</a>: p.69  Referring to Buñuel's interest in hypnosis, <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Lane" title="Anthony Lane">Anthony Lane</a> wrote, "You can easily picture yourself being hypnotized by this man; sit through a sample of his movies, and you will think you have been."<a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage">Marriage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Marriage">edit</a>]</div> In 1926 he met his future wife, Jeanne Rucar Lefebvre,<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a> a <a href="/wiki/Gymnastics" title="Gymnastics">gymnastics</a> teacher who had won a bronze medal at the 1924 Paris Olympics.<a href="#cite_note-edwards_2009-233">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-max_aub_2017-234">[234]</a> Buñuel courted her in a formal Aragonese manner, complete with a chaperone,<a href="#cite_note-bbc_world_service-235">[235]</a> and they married in 1934<a href="#cite_note-brain_juice-34">[34]</a> despite a warning by Jean Epstein when Buñuel first proposed in 1930: "Jeanne, you are making a mistake...It's not right for you, don't marry him."<a href="#cite_note-jeanne_rucar-236">[236]</a> The two remained married throughout his life and had two sons, <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Juan Luis Buñuel">Juan Luis</a> and Rafael.<a href="#cite_note-Centro_Virtual_Cervantes-237">[237]</a> <a href="/wiki/Diego_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Diego Buñuel">Diego Buñuel</a>, filmmaker and host of the <a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="National Geographic Channel">National Geographic Channel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Tell_My_Mother" title="Don't Tell My Mother">Don't Tell My Mother</a> series, is their grandson.<a href="#cite_note-nat_geo-238">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Illness_and_death">Illness and death</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Illness and death">edit</a>]</div> In his seventies, Buñuel once told his friend, novelist <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Fuentes" title="Carlos Fuentes">Carlos Fuentes</a>: "I'm not afraid of death. I'm afraid of dying alone in a hotel room, with my bags open and a shooting script on the night table. I must know whose fingers will close my eyes."<a href="#cite_note-fuentes_discreet_charm-239">[239]</a> According to his wife, Jeanne, Buñuel died in Mexico City in 1983 from diabetes complications.<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> Fuentes has recounted that Buñuel spent his last week in hospital discussing theology with the Jesuit brother Julián Pablo Fernández, a long time friend.<a href="#cite_note-fuentes_milky_way-241">[241]</a> His funeral was very private, involving only family and close friends, among them poets <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Homero_Aridjis" title="Homero Aridjis">Homero Aridjis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-Dead_man_laughing-243">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technique_and_influences">Technique and influences</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Technique and influences">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Filmmaking_technique_of_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Filmmaking technique of Luis Buñuel">Filmmaking technique of Luis Buñuel</a></div> Buñuel's technique of filmmaking was strongly influenced by <a href="/wiki/Mise-en-sc%C3%A8ne" title="Mise-en-scène">mise-en-scène</a>, sound editing and use of music. The influences on his filmmaking have included a positive relationship to surrealism and a critical approach to atheism and religion. Buñuel's style of directing was extremely economical; he shot films in a few weeks, rarely deviating from his script (the scene in <a href="/wiki/Tristana_(film)" title="Tristana (film)">Tristana</a> where <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a> exposes her breasts to Saturno – but not the audience – being a noted exception) and shooting as much as possible in order to minimize editing time.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a> He remained true throughout his working life to an operating philosophy that he articulated at the beginning of his career in 1928: "The guiding idea, the silent procession of images that are concrete, decisive, measured in space and time—in a word, the film—was first projected inside the brain of the filmmaker".<a href="#cite_note-an_unspeakable_betrayal-91">[91]</a>: p.135  In this, Buñuel has been compared with <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a>, another director famous for precision, efficiency and preplanning, for whom actually shooting the film was an anticlimax, because each man knew, in Buñuel's words, "exactly how each scene will be shot and what the final montage will be".<a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a> According to actress <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a>: "He was the only director I know who never threw away a shot. He had the film in his mind. When he said 'action' and 'cut,' you knew that what was in between the two would be printed."<a href="#cite_note-yakir-246">[246]</a> Buñuel's obituary in <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> called him "an <a href="/wiki/Iconoclast" class="mw-redirect" title="Iconoclast">iconoclast</a>, moralist, and revolutionary who was a leader of <a href="/wiki/Avant-garde" title="Avant-garde">avant-garde</a> <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealism</a> in his youth and a dominant international movie director half a century later".<a href="#cite_note-auto-247">[247]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> once wrote "Buñuel nearly always made Buñuel films".<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a> Writer <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Paz" title="Octavio Paz">Octavio Paz</a> called Buñuel's work "the marriage of the film image to the poetic image, creating a new reality...scandalous and subversive".<a href="#cite_note-paz-249">[249]</a> Despite his variety, filmmaker <a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> believed that, regardless of genre, a Buñuel film is so distinctive as to be instantly recognizable,<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> <a href="/wiki/David_Thomson_(film_critic)" title="David Thomson (film critic)">David Thomson</a> names him as one of the greatest directors, adding "He is as intent on comedy as Kafka was, as little intent on showing off style, and as much a victim as the joke he tells."<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Retrospectives">Retrospectives</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Retrospectives">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Instituto_IES_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Instituto_IES_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg/220px-Instituto_IES_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Instituto_IES_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg/330px-Instituto_IES_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Instituto_IES_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg/440px-Instituto_IES_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=Instituto_de_Educaci%C3%B3n_Secundaria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Instituto de Educación Secundaria (page does not exist)">Instituto de Educación Secundaria</a> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instituto_de_Educaci%C3%B3n_Secundaria" class="extiw" title="es:Instituto de Educación Secundaria">es</a>] (IES) Luis Buñuel, Zaragoza, Spain</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>In 1994, a retrospective of Buñuel's works was organized by the <a href="/wiki/Kunst-_und_Ausstellungshalle_der_Bundesrepublik_Deutschland" title="Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle der Bundesrepublik Deutschland">Kunst- und Ausstellungshalle</a> in Bonn, as homage to one of the most internationally revered figures in world cinema.<a href="#cite_note-d'lugo-252">[252]</a> : p.101  This was followed in the summer of 1996 by a commemoration of the centenary of the birth of cinema held by the <a href="/wiki/Museo_Nacional_Centro_de_Arte_Reina_Sof%C3%ADa" title="Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía">Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía</a> in Madrid, which included a unique retrospective, jointly sponsored by the King of Spain and the President of Mexico, called ¿Buñuel!. La mirada del siglo, honoring his special status as Spanish cinema's most emblematic figure.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg/220px-Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg/330px-Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg/440px-Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Liceo Español Luis Buñuel">Liceo Español Luis Buñuel</a></figcaption></figure></li> <li>A secondary school in <a href="/wiki/Zaragoza" title="Zaragoza">Zaragoza</a>, Spain has been named for Buñuel: Instituto de Educación Secundaria Ies Luis Buñuel.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Liceo Español Luis Buñuel">Liceo Español Luis Buñuel</a>, a Spanish international school, is in <a href="/wiki/Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Neuilly-sur-Seine">Neuilly-sur-Seine</a>, France, near Paris.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Calanda,_Spain" title="Calanda, Spain">Calanda, Spain</a> a bust of the head of Luis Buñuel is on display at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Centro_Bu%C3%B1uel_Calanda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centro Buñuel Calanda (page does not exist)">Centro Buñuel Calanda</a> (CBC), a museum devoted to the director.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> The mission of the CBC is to serve as a reference center both for connoisseurs of Buñuel and for anyone interested in the arts of <a href="/wiki/Aragon" title="Aragon">Aragon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li>One of the main theatres at the <a href="/wiki/Palais_des_Festivals_et_des_Congr%C3%A8s" title="Palais des Festivals et des Congrès">Palais des Festivals et des Congrès</a>, where the <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> is held, is named after him: Salle Buñuel.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a></li> <li>To mark the centenary of his birth, in 2000 the Cannes festival partnered with the Spanish film industry, to pay tribute to Luis Buñuel. This tribute consisted of three events: (1) the inauguration, for Cannes 2000, of the Palace's new Luis Buñuel room, (2) an original exhibition organized by <a href="/wiki/Instituto_de_la_Cinematograf%C3%ADa_y_de_las_Artes_Audiovisuales" class="mw-redirect" title="Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales">Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales</a> entitled "The Secret World of Buñuel", and (3) an exceptional projection of Viridiana, the Palme d'Or winner in 1961, in the presence of specially invited artists.<a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a></li> <li>The Luis Buñuel Film Institute (LBFI) is housed in the <a href="/wiki/The_Downtown_Independent" class="mw-redirect" title="The Downtown Independent">Downtown Independent Theatre</a>, Los Angeles, and has as its mission: "to form the vital and innovative arena for the promotion of the work of Luis Buñuel, and a seminal resource for the development of new research, knowledge and scholarship on his life and work, extending across his body of films and writings".<a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liceo_Espa%C3%B1ol_Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" title="Liceo Español Luis Buñuel">Liceo Español Luis Buñuel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Filmography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel_filmography" title="Luis Buñuel filmography">Luis Buñuel filmography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards,_influence,_and_legacy">Awards, influence, and legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Awards, influence, and legacy">edit</a>]</div> Buñuel was given the Career Golden Lion in 1982 by the <a href="/wiki/Venice_Film_Festival" title="Venice Film Festival">Venice Film Festival</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> and the <a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Film_Critics" title="International Federation of Film Critics">FIPRESCI Prize</a> – Honorable Mention in 1969 by the <a href="/wiki/Berlin_International_Film_Festival" title="Berlin International Film Festival">Berlin International Film Festival</a>.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a> In 1977, he received the <a href="/wiki/National_Prize_for_Arts_and_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="National Prize for Arts and Sciences">National Prize for Arts and Sciences</a> for Fine Arts.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/11th_Moscow_International_Film_Festival" title="11th Moscow International Film Festival">11th Moscow International Film Festival</a> in 1979, he was awarded the Honorable Prize for his contribution to cinema.<a href="#cite_note-Moscow1979-264">[264]</a> He was nominated twice for the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a> in <a href="/wiki/1968_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1968 Nobel Prize in Literature">1968</a> and <a href="/wiki/1972_Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="1972 Nobel Prize in Literature">1972</a>.<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a> Fifteen of his films are included in the They Shoot Pictures, Don't They? list of the 1,000 greatest films of all time, second only to <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a>, with sixteen,<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> and he ranks number 13 on their list of the top 250 directors.<a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a> He has influenced directors such as <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Winfrey-268">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/Godfrey_Reggio" title="Godfrey Reggio">Godfrey Reggio</a>,<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aki_Kaurismaki" class="mw-redirect" title="Aki Kaurismaki">Aki Kaurismaki</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Winfrey-268">[268]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gaspar_Noe" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspar Noe">Gaspar Noe</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Winfrey-268">[268]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Winfrey-268">[268]</a> Documentaries about Buñuel <ul><li>Dans l'oeil de Luis Buñuel. France, 2013, 54 min., book and director: François Lévy-Kuentz, Producer: KUIV Productions, arte France.</li> <li>El último guión – Buñuel en la memoria. Spain, Germany, France, 2008, 45 min., Book and director: Javier Espada und Gaizka Urresti, Producer: Imval Producciones</li> <li>Tras Nazarín (Following Nazarín). Spain/Mexico, 2015. Directed by Javier Espada. Ircania Producciones. Utilizes still photos taken by Buñuel and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_%C3%81lvarez_Bravo" title="Manuel Álvarez Bravo">Manuel Álvarez Bravo</a> to link the images of the film to the Mexican countryside. Includes interviews with Jean Claude Carrière, <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_L%C3%B3pez_Tarso" title="Ignacio López Tarso">Ignacio López Tarso</a>, Silvia Pinal, <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Ripstein" title="Arturo Ripstein">Arturo Ripstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Reygadas" title="Carlos Reygadas">Carlos Reygadas</a>, along with critics and film scholars.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> Buñuel has been portrayed as a character in many films and television productions: <ul><li>A portion of the television mini-series Lorca, muerte de un poeta (1987–1988), directed by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Antonio_Bardem" title="Juan Antonio Bardem">Juan Antonio Bardem</a> recreates the student years of Buñuel, Lorca and Dalí, with Fernando Valverde portraying Buñuel in two episodes.<a href="#cite_note-271">[271]</a></li> <li>He was played by Dimiter Guerasimof in the 1991 biopic Dalí, directed by <a href="/wiki/Antoni_Ribas" title="Antoni Ribas">Antoni Ribas</a>, despite the fact that Dalí and his attorney had written to Ribas objecting to the project in its early stages in 1985.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a></li> <li>Buñuel appeared as a character in Alejandro Pelayo's 1993 film Miroslava, based on the life of actress <a href="/wiki/Miroslava_(actress)" class="mw-redirect" title="Miroslava (actress)">Miroslava Stern</a>, who committed suicide after appearing in Ensayo de un crimen (1955).<a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a></li> <li>Buñuel was played by three actors, <a href="/wiki/El_Gran_Wyoming" title="El Gran Wyoming">El Gran Wyoming</a> (old age), Pere Arquillué (young adult) and Juan Carlos Jiménez Marín (child), in <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Saura" title="Carlos Saura">Carlos Saura</a>'s 2001 fantasy, Buñuel y la mesa del rey Salomón, which tells of Buñuel, Lorca and Dalí setting out in search of the mythical table of King Salomón, which is thought to have the power to see into the past, the present and the future.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a></li> <li>Buñuel was a character in a 2001 television miniseries <a href="/wiki/Severo_Ochoa" title="Severo Ochoa">Severo Ochoa</a>: La conquista de un Nobel, on the life of the Spanish <a href="/wiki/%C3%89migr%C3%A9" title="Émigré">émigré</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a> winner in medicine, who was also at the Residencia de Estudiantes during Buñuel's time there.<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Lucas" title="Matt Lucas">Matt Lucas</a> portrayed Buñuel in Richard Curson Smith's 2002 TV movie Surrealissimo: The Scandalous Success of Salvador Dalí, a comedy depicting Dalí's "trial" by the Surrealists in 1934 for his pro-Hitler sympathies.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a></li> <li>A 2005 short called <a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_Salvador_Dali" title="The Death of Salvador Dali">The Death of Salvador Dali</a>, directed by Delaney Bishop, contains sequences in which Buñuel appears, played by Alejandro Cardenas.<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Morrison_(director)" title="Paul Morrison (director)">Paul Morrison</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Little_Ashes" title="Little Ashes">Little Ashes</a> hypothesizes a love affair between Dalí and Lorca, with Buñuel (played by <a href="/wiki/Matthew_McNulty" title="Matthew McNulty">Matthew McNulty</a>) looking on suspiciously.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a></li> <li>Buñuel, played by Adrien de Van, is one of many notable personalities encountered by <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>'s protagonist in <a href="/wiki/Midnight_in_Paris" title="Midnight in Paris">Midnight in Paris</a> (2011).<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a></li> <li>In 2019, <a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%ADn_Sol%C3%ADs" title="Fermín Solís">Fermín Solís</a> published a graphic novel titled Buñuel en el Laberinto de las Tortugas (english translation, 2021: Buñuel in the Labyrinth of the Turtles) depicting the creation of Las Hurdes: Tierra Sin Pan.<a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uel_in_the_Labyrinth_of_the_Turtles" title="Buñuel in the Labyrinth of the Turtles">An animated film of the book</a> was released in 2019, directed by Salvador Simó.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a></li> <li>Buñel's films <a href="/wiki/The_Exterminating_Angel" title="The Exterminating Angel">The Exterminating Angel</a> (1962) and <a href="/wiki/The_Discreet_Charm_of_the_Bourgeoisie" title="The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie">The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie</a> (1972) were adapted into a musical by <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ives" title="David Ives">David Ives</a> titled, <a href="/wiki/Here_We_Are_(musical)" title="Here We Are (musical)">Here We Are</a> (2023) which premiered at <a href="/wiki/The_Shed_(arts_center)" title="The Shed (arts center)">The Shed</a> in New York City.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/21px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/32px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/42px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/21px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/32px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/42px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Mexico" title="Portal:Mexico">Mexico</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/19px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/37px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/19px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/29px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/38px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film</a></li></ul></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art_film" title="Art film">Art film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Mexico" title="Cinema of Mexico">Cinema of Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Spain" title="Cinema of Spain">Cinema of Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_film" title="Experimental film">Experimental film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_of_%2727" title="Generation of '27">Generation of '27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_atheists_in_film,_radio,_television_and_theater" title="List of atheists in film, radio, television and theater">List of atheists in film, radio, television and theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banned_films" title="List of banned films">List of banned films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satire" title="Satire">Satire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist cinema</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Harvard.edu-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Harvard.edu_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harvard.edu_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harvard.edu_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Harvard.edu_1-3">d</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304114616/http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2012julsep/bunuel.html">"Buñuel's Mexico"</a>. Harvard Film Archive. Fine Arts Library of the Harvard College Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2012julsep/bunuel.html">the original</a> on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Film+Archive&rft.atitle=Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+Mexico&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhcl.harvard.edu%2Fhfa%2Ffilms%2F2012julsep%2Fbunuel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spainisculture.com/en/artistas_creadores/luis_bunuel.html">"Luis Buñuel, Spanish surrealist film director. Writer"</a>. www.spainisculture.com. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.spainisculture.com&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+Spanish+surrealist+film+director.+Writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spainisculture.com%2Fen%2Fartistas_creadores%2Fluis_bunuel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enforex.com/culture/luis-bunuel.html">"Luis Buñuel - Spanish Culture"</a>. www.enforex.com. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.enforex.com&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+-+Spanish+Culture&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.enforex.com%2Fculture%2Fluis-bunuel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenbaum" class="citation web cs1">Rosenbaum, Jonathan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20181030-why-luis-buuels-revolutionary-spirit-is-relevant-today">"Why Luis Buñuel's revolutionary spirit is relevant today"</a>. www.bbc.com. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Why+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+revolutionary+spirit+is+relevant+today&rft.aulast=Rosenbaum&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fculture%2Farticle%2F20181030-why-luis-buuels-revolutionary-spirit-is-relevant-today&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://harvardfilmarchive.org/programs/bunuels-mexico">"Buñuel's Mexico"</a>. Harvard Film Archive. 20 July 2012. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Harvard+Film+Archive&rft.atitle=Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+Mexico&rft.date=2012-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fharvardfilmarchive.org%2Fprograms%2Fbunuels-mexico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://player.bfi.org.uk/subscription/collection/luis-bunuel">"Luis Buñuel"</a>. player.bfi.org.uk. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=player.bfi.org.uk&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplayer.bfi.org.uk%2Fsubscription%2Fcollection%2Fluis-bunuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spainisculture.com/en/artistas_creadores/luis_bunuel.html">"Luis Buñuel, Spanish surrealist film director. Writer"</a>. spainisculture.com. Retrieved 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=spainisculture.com&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+Spanish+surrealist+film+director.+Writer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spainisculture.com%2Fen%2Fartistas_creadores%2Fluis_bunuel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBauer" class="citation web cs1">Bauer, Patricia. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luis-Bunuel">"Luis Buñuel, Spanish director"</a>. Britannica. Retrieved 29 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Britannica&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+Spanish+director&rft.aulast=Bauer&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FLuis-Bunuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopædia_Britannica-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopædia_Britannica_9-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyrou" class="citation web cs1">Kyrou, Ado. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Luis-Bunuel">"Luis Buñuel"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 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Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senses+of+Cinema&rft.atitle=Un+Chien+Andalou&rft.date=2011-06-09&rft.aulast=Koller&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsensesofcinema.com%2F2001%2Fcteq%2Fchien%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ramirez_Berg-11"><a href="#cite_ref-Ramirez_Berg_11-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg" class="citation web cs1">Berg, Charles Ramírez. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610201718/http://www.austinfilm.org/essential-cinema/program-notes-that-obscure-object-of-desire">"Program Notes: THAT OBSCURE OBJECT OF DESIRE"</a>. Austin Film Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austinfilm.org/essential-cinema/program-notes-that-obscure-object-of-desire">the original</a> on 10 June 2015. Retrieved 9 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Program+Notes%3A+THAT+OBSCURE+OBJECT+OF+DESIRE&rft.pub=Austin+Film+Society&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Charles+Ram%C3%ADrez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austinfilm.org%2Fessential-cinema%2Fprogram-notes-that-obscure-object-of-desire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPendragon2018" class="citation web cs1">Pendragon, The (26 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thependragonsociety.com/sight-sound-2012-critics-top-250-films/">"Sight & Sound 2012 critics top 250 films"</a>. The Pendragon Society. Retrieved 24 September 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pendragon+Society&rft.atitle=Sight+%26+Sound+2012+critics+top+250+films&rft.date=2018-04-26&rft.aulast=Pendragon&rft.aufirst=The&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthependragonsociety.com%2Fsight-sound-2012-critics-top-250-films%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131026034922/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/sightandsoundpolls/2012/critics">"Critics' Top 250 Films"</a>. Sight and Sound. British Film Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explore.bfi.org.uk/sightandsoundpolls/2012/critics">the original</a> on 26 October 2013. Retrieved 18 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sight+and+Sound&rft.atitle=Critics%27+Top+250+Films&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplore.bfi.org.uk%2Fsightandsoundpolls%2F2012%2Fcritics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alcala-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alcala_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcala_14-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alcala_14-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcalá1973" class="citation book cs1">Alcalá, Manuel (1973). Buñuel (Cine e ideologia). Madrid: Edicusa. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-229-0101-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-229-0101-3"><bdi>978-84-229-0101-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu%C3%B1uel+%28Cine+e+ideologia%29&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Edicusa&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-84-229-0101-3&rft.aulast=Alcal%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Havana-15"><a href="#cite_ref-Havana_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.arteporexcelencias.com/en/events-500-aniversario/havana-luis-bunuel">"The Havana of Luis Buñuel"</a>. Arte por Excelencias. Retrieved 11 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arte+por+Excelencias&rft.atitle=The+Havana+of+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arteporexcelencias.com%2Fen%2Fevents-500-aniversario%2Fhavana-luis-bunuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gallegos-16"><a href="#cite_ref-gallegos_16-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSalgado2014" class="citation web cs1">Salgado, Fernando (27 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.globalgalicia.org/noticia/actualidad/2013/10/13/dos-gallegos-bunuel-padre/0003_201310SM13P20994.htm">"Dos gallegos y Buñuel padre"</a>. La Voz de Galicia. GlobalGalicia. Retrieved 11 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=La+Voz+de+Galicia&rft.atitle=Dos+gallegos+y+Bu%C3%B1uel+padre&rft.date=2014-03-27&rft.aulast=Salgado&rft.aufirst=Fernando&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.globalgalicia.org%2Fnoticia%2Factualidad%2F2013%2F10%2F13%2Fdos-gallegos-bunuel-padre%2F0003_201310SM13P20994.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-schwarze-17"><a href="#cite_ref-schwarze_17-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwarze1988" class="citation book cs1">Schwarze, Michael (1988). Luis Buñuel. Barcelona: Plaza & Janes. p. 9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-01-45079-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-01-45079-2"><bdi>978-84-01-45079-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Janes&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-84-01-45079-2&rft.aulast=Schwarze&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luis_Buñuel_1983-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luis_Buñuel_1983_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luis_Buñuel_1983_18-1">b</a> Luis Buñuel, My Last Sigh, translated by Abigail Israel, New York: Alfred Knopf, 1983. </li> <li id="cite_note-Lorca,_Buñuel,_Dalí-19"><a href="#cite_ref-Lorca,_Buñuel,_Dalí_19-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2009" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Gwynne (2009). Lorca, Buñuel, Dalí: Forbidden Pleasures and Connected Lives. London: I.B. Tauris. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848850071" title="Special:BookSources/978-1848850071"><bdi>978-1848850071</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lorca%2C+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+Dal%C3%AD%3A+Forbidden+Pleasures+and+Connected+Lives&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1848850071&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Gwynne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-directors_guide-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-directors_guide_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-directors_guide_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141113163759/http://www.greatestdirectors.com/buneul.html">"Luis Bunuel"</a>. The Directors Guide. Website Creations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.greatestdirectors.com/buneul.html">the original</a> on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Directors+Guide&rft.atitle=Luis+Bunuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greatestdirectors.com%2Fbuneul.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Proposito_de_Bunuel-21"><a href="#cite_ref-A_Proposito_de_Bunuel_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGobierno_de_Aragon" class="citation web cs1">Gobierno de Aragon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140922133937/http://american-buddha.com/bunuel.screenplay.htm">"A Proposito de Bunuel – Screenplay"</a>. 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London: Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3727-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8021-3727-2"><bdi>978-0-8021-3727-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surreal+Lives%3A+The+Surrealists+1917%E2%80%931945&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-8021-3727-2&rft.aulast=Brandon&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D9_Z0rVDhNGsC%26q%3Dbunuel%2Bagronomy%26pg%3DPA291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-smith_celebrities-23"><a href="#cite_ref-smith_celebrities_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2002" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Warren Allen (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x73FqQgvzgQC&q=luis+bunuel+agronomy&pg=PA25">Celebrities in Hell</a>. Fort Lee, NJ: Barricade Books. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56980-214-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56980-214-4"><bdi>978-1-56980-214-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Celebrities+in+Hell&rft.place=Fort+Lee%2C+NJ&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Barricade+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-56980-214-4&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Warren+Allen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx73FqQgvzgQC%26q%3Dluis%2Bbunuel%2Bagronomy%26pg%3DPA25&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-delgado-24"><a href="#cite_ref-delgado_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDelgado2001" class="citation book cs1">Delgado, Manuel and Alice J. Poust (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fOJRnesy3x8C">Lorca, Buņuel, Dalí: Art and Theory</a>. Cranbury NJ: Associated University Presses. pp. passim. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8387-5508-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8387-5508-2"><bdi>978-0-8387-5508-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lorca%2C+Bu%C5%86uel%2C+Dal%C3%AD%3A+Art+and+Theory&rft.place=Cranbury+NJ&rft.pages=passim&rft.pub=Associated+University+Presses&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8387-5508-2&rft.aulast=Delgado&rft.aufirst=Manuel+and+Alice+J.+Poust&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfOJRnesy3x8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-poets.org-25"><a href="#cite_ref-poets.org_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130726060027/https://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5944">"La Generacion del 27: Dalí, Buñuel, and Lorca"</a>. Poets.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.poets.org/viewmedia.php/prmMID/5944">the original</a> on 26 July 2013. Retrieved 24 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Generacion+del+27%3A+Dal%C3%AD%2C+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+and+Lorca&rft.pub=Poets.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.poets.org%2Fviewmedia.php%2FprmMID%2F5944&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-my_last_sigh-26">^ <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-8">i</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-9">j</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-10">k</a> <a href="#cite_ref-my_last_sigh_26-11">l</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuñuel1983" class="citation book cs1">Buñuel, Luis (1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mylastsigh0000buue">My last sigh</a>. New York: Knopf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-394-52854-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-394-52854-0"><bdi>978-0-394-52854-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+last+sigh&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Knopf&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-394-52854-0&rft.aulast=Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmylastsigh0000buue&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buffalo_Film_Seminars_1-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Buffalo_Film_Seminars_1_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristian" class="citation web cs1">Christian, Diane, and Bruce Jackson. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://csac.buffalo.edu/desire.pdf">"Luis Buñuel That Obscure Object of Desire/ Cet obscur oject du désir 1977"</a> (PDF). Buffalo Film Seminars. Market Arcade Film & Arts Center and State University of New York at Buffalo. Retrieved 5 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buffalo+Film+Seminars&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+That+Obscure+Object+of+Desire%2F+Cet+obscur+oject+du+d%C3%A9sir+1977&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=Diane%2C+and+Bruce+Jackson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcsac.buffalo.edu%2Fdesire.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-bfi_vol_3-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bfi_vol_3_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bfi_vol_3_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bfi_vol_3_28-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bfi_vol_3_28-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bfi_vol_3_28-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammond2003" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, Paul (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V96tee1l2q8C&q=bunuel+intellectual+cooperation&pg=PA124">"L'Age d'Or" in British Film Institute Film Classics, Volume 3</a>. New York: Taylor and Francis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-328-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57958-328-6"><bdi>978-1-57958-328-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22L%27Age+d%27Or%22+in+British+Film+Institute+Film+Classics%2C+Volume+3&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-57958-328-6&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV96tee1l2q8C%26q%3Dbunuel%2Bintellectual%2Bcooperation%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-williams-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-williams_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-williams_29-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliams1992" class="citation book cs1">Williams, Alan Larson (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ESVZOghoi6kC&q=jean+epstein+luis+bunuel&pg=PA152">Republic of Images: A History of French Filmmaking</a>. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-76267-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-76267-1"><bdi>978-0-674-76267-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Republic+of+Images%3A+A+History+of+French+Filmmaking&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-674-76267-1&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Alan+Larson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DESVZOghoi6kC%26q%3Djean%2Bepstein%2Bluis%2Bbunuel%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-talens-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-talens_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-talens_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-talens_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-talens_30-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaléns1993" class="citation book cs1">Taléns, Jenaro (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5209-5Ai_ZwC&q=bunuel+abel+gance&pg=PA30">The Branded Eye: Buñuel's Un Chien Andalou</a>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2046-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2046-3"><bdi>978-0-8166-2046-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Branded+Eye%3A+Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+Un+Chien+Andalou&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-2046-3&rft.aulast=Tal%C3%A9ns&rft.aufirst=Jenaro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5209-5Ai_ZwC%26q%3Dbunuel%2Babel%2Bgance%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sadoul-31"><a href="#cite_ref-sadoul_31-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSadoul1972" class="citation book cs1">Sadoul, Georges (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PvsZikRu-hAC&q=jean+epstein+reputation&pg=PA19">Dictionary of Film Makers</a>. Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press. p. 77. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02151-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02151-8"><bdi>978-0-520-02151-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Film+Makers&rft.place=Berkeley+%26+Los+Angeles&rft.pages=77&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02151-8&rft.aulast=Sadoul&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPvsZikRu-hAC%26q%3Djean%2Bepstein%2Breputation%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-edwards-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-edwards_32-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2005" class="citation book cs1">Edwards, Gwynne (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r5_VlQTnbD0C&q=bunuel+baker&pg=PA21">A Companion to Luís Buñuel</a>. Woodbridge: Tamesis. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85566-108-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85566-108-0"><bdi>978-1-85566-108-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Lu%C3%ADs+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=Woodbridge&rft.pub=Tamesis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-85566-108-0&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Gwynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr5_VlQTnbD0C%26q%3Dbunuel%2Bbaker%26pg%3DPA21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fandor-33"><a href="#cite_ref-fandor_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150130222724/https://www.fandor.com/films/siren_of_the_tropics">"Siren of the Tropics"</a>. fandor. Our Film Festival, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fandor.com/films/siren_of_the_tropics">the original</a> on 30 January 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fandor&rft.atitle=Siren+of+the+Tropics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fandor.com%2Ffilms%2Fsiren_of_the_tropics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brain_juice-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-brain_juice_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brain_juice_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-brain_juice_34-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brain-juice.com/cgi-bin/show_bio.cgi?p_id=136">"Luis Buñuel"</a>. brain-juice. Brain-Juice.Com, Inc. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=brain-juice&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brain-juice.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fshow_bio.cgi%3Fp_id%3D136&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-de_la_colina-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-de_la_colina_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-de_la_colina_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-de_la_colina_35-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_La_Colina1994" class="citation book cs1">De La Colina, Jose (1994). Objects of Desire: Conversations with Luis Bunuel. Marsilio Publishers. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-941419-69-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-941419-69-7"><bdi>978-0-941419-69-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Objects+of+Desire%3A+Conversations+with+Luis+Bunuel&rft.pages=80&rft.pub=Marsilio+Publishers&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-941419-69-7&rft.aulast=De+La+Colina&rft.aufirst=Jose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dali_collected_writings-36"><a href="#cite_ref-dali_collected_writings_36-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalí1998" class="citation book cs1">Dalí, Salvador (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201028031157/https://www.paolocirio.net/work/amazon-noir/amazon-noir-books/AMAZON-NOIR--The_Collected_Writings_of_Salvador_Dal%C3%AD--By--Salvador_Dali_Haim_N_Finkelstein--0521560276.pdf">The Collected Writings of Salvador Dalí</a> (PDF). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56027-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56027-6"><bdi>978-0-521-56027-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.paolocirio.net/work/amazon-noir/amazon-noir-books/AMAZON-NOIR--The_Collected_Writings_of_Salvador_Dal%C3%AD--By--Salvador_Dali_Haim_N_Finkelstein--0521560276.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Collected+Writings+of+Salvador+Dal%C3%AD&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56027-6&rft.aulast=Dal%C3%AD&rft.aufirst=Salvador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paolocirio.net%2Fwork%2Famazon-noir%2Famazon-noir-books%2FAMAZON-NOIR--The_Collected_Writings_of_Salvador_Dal%25C3%25AD--By--Salvador_Dali_Haim_N_Finkelstein--0521560276.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gomez_mesa-37"><a href="#cite_ref-gomez_mesa_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGómez_Mesa1978" class="citation journal cs1">Gómez Mesa, Luis. (1978). "La generación cinematográfica del '27". Cinema 2002 (37): 52–58.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinema+2002&rft.atitle=La+generaci%C3%B3n+cinematogr%C3%A1fica+del+%2727&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=52-58&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=G%C3%B3mez+Mesa&rft.aufirst=Luis.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brain_juice_andalusian_dog-38"><a href="#cite_ref-brain_juice_andalusian_dog_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061205212607/http://www.brain-juice.com/cgi-bin/show_wok.cgi?p_id=136&w_id=391">"Un chien Andalou (An Andalusian Dog, 1929)"</a>. Brain-Juice.Com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brain-juice.com/cgi-bin/show_wok.cgi?p_id=136&w_id=391">the original</a> on 5 December 2006. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Un+chien+Andalou+%28An+Andalusian+Dog%2C+1929%29&rft.pub=Brain-Juice.Com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brain-juice.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Fshow_wok.cgi%3Fp_id%3D136%26w_id%3D391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mansfield-39"><a href="#cite_ref-mansfield_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansfield2000" class="citation book cs1">Mansfield, Nick (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qBVh5gVTlC4C">Subjectivity: Theories of the Self from Freud to Haraway</a>. New York: New York University Press. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5650-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-5650-8"><bdi>978-0-8147-5650-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Subjectivity%3A+Theories+of+the+Self+from+Freud+to+Haraway&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-5650-8&rft.aulast=Mansfield&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqBVh5gVTlC4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-richardson-40"><a href="#cite_ref-richardson_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson2006" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Michael (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v1C6E_zJi6UC&q=chien+andalou+reception+surrealist&pg=PA29">Surrealism and Cinema</a>. Oxford: Berg. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-225-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-225-5"><bdi>978-1-84520-225-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Surrealism+and+Cinema&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-225-5&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv1C6E_zJi6UC%26q%3Dchien%2Bandalou%2Breception%2Bsurrealist%26pg%3DPA29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathijs-41"><a href="#cite_ref-mathijs_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMathijs2011" class="citation book cs1">Mathijs, Ernest (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uPtuaV7IAt0C&q=chien+andalou+film+societies&pg=PT194">Cult Cinema</a>. West Sussex: Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7374-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-7374-2"><bdi>978-1-4051-7374-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cult+Cinema&rft.place=West+Sussex&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-7374-2&rft.aulast=Mathijs&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuPtuaV7IAt0C%26q%3Dchien%2Bandalou%2Bfilm%2Bsocieties%26pg%3DPT194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ebert-42"><a href="#cite_ref-ebert_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert2000" class="citation news cs1">Ebert, Roger (16 April 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-un-chien-andalou-1928">"Un Chien Andalou Movie Review (1928)"</a>. Great Movies: The First 100. RogerEbert.com. Retrieved 9 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Great+Movies%3A+The+First+100&rft.atitle=Un+Chien+Andalou+Movie+Review+%281928%29&rft.date=2000-04-16&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fgreat-movie-un-chien-andalou-1928&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-etherington-smith-43"><a href="#cite_ref-etherington-smith_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEtherington-Smith1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Meredith_Etherington-Smith" title="Meredith Etherington-Smith">Etherington-Smith, Meredith</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=soncxLrkYX0C&q=We+had+to+look+for+the+plot+line.+Dal%C3%AD+said+to+me%2C+%22I+dreamed+last+night+of+ants+swarming+around+in+my+hands%27%2C+and+I+said%2C+%22Good+Lord%2C+and+I+dreamed+that+I+had+sliced+somebody+or+other%27s+eye.+There%27s+the+film%2C+let%27s+go+and+make+it.&pg=PA94">The Persistence of Memory: A Biography of Dalí</a>. New York: Da Capo Press. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80662-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-80662-9"><bdi>978-0-306-80662-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persistence+of+Memory%3A+A+Biography+of+Dal%C3%AD&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-306-80662-9&rft.aulast=Etherington-Smith&rft.aufirst=Meredith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsoncxLrkYX0C%26q%3DWe%2Bhad%2Bto%2Blook%2Bfor%2Bthe%2Bplot%2Bline.%2BDal%25C3%25AD%2Bsaid%2Bto%2Bme%252C%2B%2522I%2Bdreamed%2Blast%2Bnight%2Bof%2Bants%2Bswarming%2Baround%2Bin%2Bmy%2Bhands%2527%252C%2Band%2BI%2Bsaid%252C%2B%2522Good%2BLord%252C%2Band%2BI%2Bdreamed%2Bthat%2BI%2Bhad%2Bsliced%2Bsomebody%2Bor%2Bother%2527s%2Beye.%2BThere%2527s%2Bthe%2Bfilm%252C%2Blet%2527s%2Bgo%2Band%2Bmake%2Bit.%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-o'donoghue-44"><a href="#cite_ref-o'donoghue_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Donoghue2004" class="citation magazine cs1">O'Donoghue, Darragh (12 February 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sensesofcinema.com/2004/feature-articles/la_chute_de_la_maison_usher/#b4">"On Some Motifs in Poe: Jean Epstein's La Chute de la maison Usher"</a>. Senses of Cinema. Retrieved 27 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Senses+of+Cinema&rft.atitle=On+Some+Motifs+in+Poe%3A+Jean+Epstein%27s+La+Chute+de+la+maison+Usher&rft.date=2004-02-12&rft.aulast=O%27Donoghue&rft.aufirst=Darragh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsensesofcinema.com%2F2004%2Ffeature-articles%2Fla_chute_de_la_maison_usher%2F%23b4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adamowicz-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Adamowicz_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdamowicz2010" class="citation book cs1">Adamowicz, Elza (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtauris.com/Books/The%20arts/Film%20TV%20%20radio/Films%20cinema/Film%20guides%20%20reviews/~/media/Files/Extracts/Visual%20Culture/9781848850569.ashx">Un Chien Andalou: (Luis Buñuel and Salvador Dalí, 1929)</a>. London: I.B.Tauris. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-056-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-056-9"><bdi>978-1-84885-056-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Un+Chien+Andalou%3A+%28Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+and+Salvador+Dal%C3%AD%2C+1929%29&rft.place=London&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=I.B.Tauris&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-056-9&rft.aulast=Adamowicz&rft.aufirst=Elza&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtauris.com%2FBooks%2FThe%2520arts%2FFilm%2520TV%2520%2520radio%2FFilms%2520cinema%2FFilm%2520guides%2520%2520reviews%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FExtracts%2FVisual%2520Culture%2F9781848850569.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-art_in_cinema-46"><a href="#cite_ref-art_in_cinema_46-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuñuel2006" class="citation book cs1">Buñuel, Luis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160305164412/https://www.scribd.com/doc/32547313/Art-in-Cinema">"Notes on the Making of Un Chien Andalou", in Art in Cinema : documents toward a history of the film society</a>. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. pp. 101–102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59213-425-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59213-425-0"><bdi>978-1-59213-425-0</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scribd.com/doc/32547313/Art-in-Cinema">the original</a> on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 9 September 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Notes+on+the+Making+of+Un+Chien+Andalou%22%2C+in+Art+in+Cinema+%3A+documents+toward+a+history+of+the+film+society&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pages=101-102&rft.pub=Temple+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-59213-425-0&rft.aulast=Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scribd.com%2Fdoc%2F32547313%2FArt-in-Cinema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuñuel1929" class="citation journal cs1">Buñuel, Luis (12 December 1929). "Preface to the script for Un Chien Andalou". La Révolution Surréaliste (12).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+R%C3%A9volution+Surr%C3%A9aliste&rft.atitle=Preface+to+the+script+for+Un+Chien+Andalou&rft.issue=12&rft.date=1929-12-12&rft.aulast=Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.aufirst=Luis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-maverick_arts-48"><a href="#cite_ref-maverick_arts_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181105160434/http://www.maverick-arts.com/cgi-bin/MAVERICK?&issue=340">"Un Chien Andalou"</a>. Maverick Arts Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maverick-arts.com/cgi-bin/MAVERICK?&issue=340">the original</a> on 5 November 2018. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Un+Chien+Andalou&rft.pub=Maverick+Arts+Magazine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maverick-arts.com%2Fcgi-bin%2FMAVERICK%3F%26issue%3D340&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-hoberman-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hoberman_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-hoberman_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoberman2012" class="citation journal cs1">Hoberman, J. (14 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thenation.com/article/167559/charismatic-chameleon-luis-bunuel#">"A Charismatic Chameleon: On Luis Buñuel"</a>. The Nation. Retrieved 3 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Nation&rft.atitle=A+Charismatic+Chameleon%3A+On+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.date=2012-05-14&rft.aulast=Hoberman&rft.aufirst=J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenation.com%2Farticle%2F167559%2Fcharismatic-chameleon-luis-bunuel%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2007" class="citation web cs1">Gray, Francine du Plessix (17 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/09/24/the-surrealists-muse">"The Surrealists' Muse"</a>. newyorker.com/. Retrieved 31 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newyorker.com%2F&rft.atitle=The+Surrealists%27+Muse&rft.date=2007-09-17&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Francine+du+Plessix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2007%2F09%2F24%2Fthe-surrealists-muse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gubern-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gubern_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gubern_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gubern_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gubern_51-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGubern2012" class="citation book cs1">Gubern, Román and Paul Hammond (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=elueEkeLL_oC&q=bunuel+espana+1936&pg=PA427">Luis Bunuel: The Red Years, 1929–1939</a>. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-28474-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-28474-9"><bdi>978-0-299-28474-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bunuel%3A+The+Red+Years%2C+1929%E2%80%931939&rft.place=Madison&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-299-28474-9&rft.aulast=Gubern&rft.aufirst=Rom%C3%A1n+and+Paul+Hammond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DelueEkeLL_oC%26q%3Dbunuel%2Bespana%2B1936%26pg%3DPA427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-film_reference-52"><a href="#cite_ref-film_reference_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmreference.com/encyclopedia/Independent-Film-Road-Movies/Marxism-EUROPEAN-CINEMA-BEFORE-AND-AFTER-WORLD-WAR-II.html">"Marxism – European Cinema Before and After World War II"</a>. film reference. Advameg, Inc. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=film+reference&rft.atitle=Marxism+%E2%80%93+European+Cinema+Before+and+After+World+War+II&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmreference.com%2Fencyclopedia%2FIndependent-Film-Road-Movies%2FMarxism-EUROPEAN-CINEMA-BEFORE-AND-AFTER-WORLD-WAR-II.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-thurlow-53"><a href="#cite_ref-thurlow_53-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurlow2008" class="citation book cs1">Thurlow, Clifford (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HX8XcfTw6KIC">Making Short Films: The Complete Guide from Script to Screen, 2nd ed</a>. Oxford: Berg. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-803-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84520-803-5"><bdi>978-1-84520-803-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Short+Films%3A+The+Complete+Guide+from+Script+to+Screen%2C+2nd+ed&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Berg&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-84520-803-5&rft.aulast=Thurlow&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHX8XcfTw6KIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dali-54"><a href="#cite_ref-dali_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDalí1942" class="citation book cs1">Dalí, Salvador (1942). The Secret Life of Salvador Dali. 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New Haven: Yale University Press. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09179-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09179-3"><bdi>978-0-300-09179-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salvador+Dali%3A+The+Construction+of+the+Image&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-09179-3&rft.aulast=Fan%C3%A9s&rft.aufirst=F%C3%A8lix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbDpziok_K7gC%26q%3Dl%2527age%2Bd%2527or%2Bdali%2Bdispute%2Bbunuel%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ado_kyrou-57"><a href="#cite_ref-ado_kyrou_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKyrou1963" class="citation book cs1">Kyrou, Ado (1963). 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New York: Museum of Modern Art. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6219-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6219-4"><bdi>978-0-8109-6219-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+100+a%C3%B1o%3A+es+peligroso+asomarse+al+Interior%2F+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+100+Years%3A+It%27+s+Dangerous+to+Look+Inside&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-6219-4&rft.au=Instituto+Cervantes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-laufer-60"><a href="#cite_ref-laufer_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaufer" class="citation web cs1">Laufer, Laura. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130615233326/http://adagio.over-blog.fr/article-25951854.html">"L'Âge d'or" de Luis Bunuel"</a>. Le Centre Georges-Pompidou. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adagio.over-blog.fr/article-25951854.html">the original</a> on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%82ge+d%27or%22+de+Luis+Bunuel&rft.pub=Le+Centre+Georges-Pompidou&rft.aulast=Laufer&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fadagio.over-blog.fr%2Farticle-25951854.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLim2006" class="citation book cs1">Lim, Dennis (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yHcIp0sa6MkC&q=l%27age+d%27or+banned&pg=PA7">The Village Voice Film Guide: 50 Years of Movies from Classics to Cult Hits</a>. New York: Wiley. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0471787815" title="Special:BookSources/978-0471787815"><bdi>978-0471787815</bdi></a>. 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London: Philip Willson. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85667-703-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85667-703-8"><bdi>978-0-85667-703-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Stylemakers%3A+Minimalism+and+Classic-Modernism+1915%E2%80%9345&rft.place=London&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Philip+Willson&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-85667-703-8&rft.aulast=Teitelbaum&rft.aufirst=Mo+Amelia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCuT3JqcH8hcC%26q%3Dcharles%2Bde%2Bnoailles%2Bjockey%2Bclub%26pg%3DPA102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-durgnat-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-durgnat_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-durgnat_64-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-durgnat_64-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-durgnat_64-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-durgnat_64-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurgnat1968" class="citation book cs1">Durgnat, Raymond (1968). Luis Buñuel. Berkeley: University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Durgnat&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-walters-65"><a href="#cite_ref-walters_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters2006" class="citation book cs1">Walters, Rob (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ciuJ0UTCnmQC&q=luis+bunuel+MGM&pg=PA65">Spread Spectrum: Hedy Lamarr And the Mobile Phone</a>. Great Britain: BookSurge Publishing. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4196-2129-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4196-2129-1"><bdi>978-1-4196-2129-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Spread+Spectrum%3A+Hedy+Lamarr+And+the+Mobile+Phone&rft.place=Great+Britain&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=BookSurge+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-4196-2129-1&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DciuJ0UTCnmQC%26q%3Dluis%2Bbunuel%2BMGM%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doniol-Valcroze-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doniol-Valcroze_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doniol-Valcroze_66-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoniol-ValcrozeAndré_Bazin1954" class="citation journal cs1">Doniol-Valcroze, Jacques; André Bazin (July 1954). "Entretien avec Luis Buñuel". Cahiers du Cinéma (37): 44–48.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cahiers+du+Cin%C3%A9ma&rft.atitle=Entretien+avec+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=44-48&rft.date=1954-07&rft.aulast=Doniol-Valcroze&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft.au=Andr%C3%A9+Bazin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jarvinen-67"><a href="#cite_ref-jarvinen_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvinen2012" class="citation book cs1">Jarvinen, Lisa (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=W10o8udrUakC">The Rise of Spanish-Language Filmmaking: Out from Hollywood's Shadow, 1929–1939</a>. Piscataway NJ: Rutgers University Press. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-5328-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8135-5328-3"><bdi>978-0-8135-5328-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Spanish-Language+Filmmaking%3A+Out+from+Hollywood%27s+Shadow%2C+1929%E2%80%931939&rft.place=Piscataway+NJ&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Rutgers+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8135-5328-3&rft.aulast=Jarvinen&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DW10o8udrUakC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bazin-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bazin_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bazin_68-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBazin1991" class="citation book cs1">Bazin, Andre (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S4mCa7JzhI8C&q=luis+bunuel+damita&pg=PA18">Buņuel, Dreyer, Welles</a>. Madrid: Editorial Fundamentos. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-245-0521-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-245-0521-9"><bdi>978-84-245-0521-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu%C5%86uel%2C+Dreyer%2C+Welles&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Editorial+Fundamentos&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-84-245-0521-9&rft.aulast=Bazin&rft.aufirst=Andre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS4mCa7JzhI8C%26q%3Dluis%2Bbunuel%2Bdamita%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blinkhorn-69"><a href="#cite_ref-blinkhorn_69-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlinkhorn1988" class="citation book cs1">Blinkhorn, Martin (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CnJawWYdjNUC&q=spain+1931+upheaval">Democracy And Civil War in Spain 1931–1939</a>. London: Routledge. pp. 3–31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-00699-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-00699-6"><bdi>978-0-415-00699-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democracy+And+Civil+War+in+Spain+1931%E2%80%931939&rft.place=London&rft.pages=3-31&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-415-00699-6&rft.aulast=Blinkhorn&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCnJawWYdjNUC%26q%3Dspain%2B1931%2Bupheaval&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-payne-70"><a href="#cite_ref-payne_70-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPayne1976" class="citation book cs1">Payne, Stanley G. (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://libro.uca.edu/payne2/payne25.htm">A History of Spain and Portugal, V. 2</a>. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. p. 630. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-06284-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-06284-2"><bdi>978-0-299-06284-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Spain+and+Portugal%2C+V.+2&rft.place=Madison&rft.pages=630&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-299-06284-2&rft.aulast=Payne&rft.aufirst=Stanley+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibro.uca.edu%2Fpayne2%2Fpayne25.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rucar_de_bunuel_espanol-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rucar_de_bunuel_espanol_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rucar_de_bunuel_espanol_71-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRucar_de_Buñuel1990" class="citation book cs1">Rucar de Buñuel, Jeanne (1990). Memorias de un mujer sin piano. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9683903907" title="Special:BookSources/978-9683903907"><bdi>978-9683903907</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memorias+de+un+mujer+sin+piano&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=Alianza+Editorial&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-9683903907&rft.aulast=Rucar+de+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aub-72"><a href="#cite_ref-aub_72-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAub1985" class="citation book cs1">Aub, Max (1985). Conversaciones con Buñuel: Seguidas de 45 entrevistas con familiares, amigos y colaboradores del cineasta aragonés. Madrid: Aguilar. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-03-09195-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-03-09195-5"><bdi>978-84-03-09195-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversaciones+con+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+Seguidas+de+45+entrevistas+con+familiares%2C+amigos+y+colaboradores+del+cineasta+aragon%C3%A9s&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Aguilar&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-84-03-09195-5&rft.aulast=Aub&rft.aufirst=Max&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ruoff-45-73"><a href="#cite_ref-ruoff-45_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRuoff1998" class="citation journal cs1">Ruoff, Jeffrey (Spring–Summer 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150521022811/http://www.dartmouth.edu/~jruoff/Articles/EthnographicSurrealist.htm">"An Ethnographic Surrealist Film: Luis Buñuel's Land Without Bread"</a>. Visual Anthropology Review. 14 (1): 45–57. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fvar.1998.14.1.45">10.1525/var.1998.14.1.45</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dartmouth.edu/~jruoff/Articles/EthnographicSurrealist.htm">the original</a> on 21 May 2015. Retrieved 10 January 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Visual+Anthropology+Review&rft.atitle=An+Ethnographic+Surrealist+Film%3A+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+Land+Without+Bread&rft.chron=spring%E2%80%93summer&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=45-57&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fvar.1998.14.1.45&rft.aulast=Ruoff&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dartmouth.edu%2F~jruoff%2FArticles%2FEthnographicSurrealist.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-margulies-74"><a href="#cite_ref-margulies_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargulies2003" class="citation book cs1">Margulies, Ivone (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UP3Gf8KfsXwC">Rites of Realism: Essays on Corporeal Cinema</a>. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3078-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3078-3"><bdi>978-0-8223-3078-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rites+of+Realism%3A+Essays+on+Corporeal+Cinema&rft.place=Durham%2C+NC&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3078-3&rft.aulast=Margulies&rft.aufirst=Ivone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUP3Gf8KfsXwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-weir-75"><a href="#cite_ref-weir_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeir1997" class="citation book cs1">Weir, David (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fRR8eWzRhbYC&q=las+hurdes+acin&pg=PA253">Anarchy & Culture: The Aesthetic Politics of Modernism</a>. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press. p. 253. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-083-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55849-083-3"><bdi>978-1-55849-083-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anarchy+%26+Culture%3A+The+Aesthetic+Politics+of+Modernism&rft.place=Amherst&rft.pages=253&rft.pub=University+of+Massachusetts+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-55849-083-3&rft.aulast=Weir&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfRR8eWzRhbYC%26q%3Dlas%2Bhurdes%2Bacin%26pg%3DPA253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harvard_Film_Archive-76"><a href="#cite_ref-Harvard_Film_Archive_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150530154225/http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2011aprjun/bunuel.html">"Buñuel: The Beginning and the End"</a>. Harvard Film Archive. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hcl.harvard.edu/hfa/films/2011aprjun/bunuel.html">the original</a> on 30 May 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+The+Beginning+and+the+End&rft.pub=Harvard+Film+Archive&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhcl.harvard.edu%2Fhfa%2Ffilms%2F2011aprjun%2Fbunuel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sloniowski-77"><a href="#cite_ref-Sloniowski_77-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSloniowski1998" class="citation journal cs1">Sloniowski, Jeannette (Fall 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcjfs.7.2.30">""Las Hurdes" and the political efficacy of the grotesque"</a>. Canadian Journal of Film Studies. 7 (2): 30–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fcjfs.7.2.30">10.3138/cjfs.7.2.30</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/24402254">24402254</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canadian+Journal+of+Film+Studies&rft.atitle=%22Las+Hurdes%22+and+the+political+efficacy+of+the+grotesque&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=30-48&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fcjfs.7.2.30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F24402254%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Sloniowski&rft.aufirst=Jeannette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3138%252Fcjfs.7.2.30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tony_richardson-78"><a href="#cite_ref-tony_richardson_78-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichardson1978" class="citation book cs1">Richardson, Tony (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofluisbunue00luis/page/129">"The Films of Luis Buñuel," in The World of Luis Buñuel, ed. Joan Mellen</a>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldofluisbunue00luis/page/129">129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-502398-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-502398-5"><bdi>978-0-19-502398-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Films+of+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C%22+in+The+World+of+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+ed.+Joan+Mellen&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=978-0-19-502398-5&rft.aulast=Richardson&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldofluisbunue00luis%2Fpage%2F129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell-79"><a href="#cite_ref-Russell_79-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2005" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Dominique (15 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sensesofcinema.com/2005/great-directors/bunuel/">"Luis Buñuel"</a>. Senses of Cinema. Retrieved 31 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senses+of+Cinema&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.date=2005-04-15&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Dominique&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsensesofcinema.com%2F2005%2Fgreat-directors%2Fbunuel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-juhasz-80"><a href="#cite_ref-juhasz_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuhasz2006" class="citation book cs1">Juhasz, Alexandra (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TXaFokB-qx4C&q=bunuel+las+hurdes+reading+ethnographic">F Is For Phony: Fake Documentary And Truth's Undoing</a>. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4251-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4251-9"><bdi>978-0-8166-4251-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=F+Is+For+Phony%3A+Fake+Documentary+And+Truth%27s+Undoing&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-4251-9&rft.aulast=Juhasz&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTXaFokB-qx4C%26q%3Dbunuel%2Blas%2Bhurdes%2Breading%2Bethnographic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mockumentary-81"><a href="#cite_ref-mockumentary_81-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130121172356/http://www.documentarysite.com/?p=101">"Week 16: Mockumentary"</a>. Documentary film and video course syllabus. Documentary Site. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.documentarysite.com/?p=101">the original</a> on 21 January 2013. Retrieved 31 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Documentary+film+and+video+course+syllabus.&rft.atitle=Week+16%3A+Mockumentary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.documentarysite.com%2F%3Fp%3D101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibarz-82"><a href="#cite_ref-ibarz_82-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbarz2004" class="citation book cs1">Ibarz, Mercè (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/luisbunuelnewrea0000unse/page/28">"A Serious Experiment: Land Without Bread, 1933", in Luis Buñuel: New Readings. ed. Isabel Santaolalla and Peter William Evans</a>. London: British Film Institute. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/luisbunuelnewrea0000unse/page/28">28</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-003-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-003-4"><bdi>978-1-84457-003-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22A+Serious+Experiment%3A+Land+Without+Bread%2C+1933%22%2C+in+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+New+Readings.+ed.+Isabel+Santaolalla+and+Peter+William+Evans&rft.place=London&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84457-003-4&rft.aulast=Ibarz&rft.aufirst=Merc%C3%A8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fluisbunuelnewrea0000unse%2Fpage%2F28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2006" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Catherine (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TXaFokB-qx4C">"Surrealist Ethnography: Las Hurdes and the Documentary Unconscious", in F Is for Phony: Fake Documentary And Truth's Undoing, edited by Alexandra Juhasz and Jesse Lerner</a>. Minneapolis: U of Minnesota Press. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4251-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4251-9"><bdi>978-0-8166-4251-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Surrealist+Ethnography%3A+Las+Hurdes+and+the+Documentary+Unconscious%22%2C+in+F+Is+for+Phony%3A+Fake+Documentary+And+Truth%27s+Undoing%2C+edited+by+Alexandra+Juhasz+and+Jesse+Lerner&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-4251-9&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTXaFokB-qx4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-acevedo-munoz-84">^ <a href="#cite_ref-acevedo-munoz_84-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acevedo-munoz_84-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acevedo-munoz_84-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acevedo-munoz_84-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-acevedo-munoz_84-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAcevedo-Muñoz2003" class="citation book cs1">Acevedo-Muñoz, Ernesto R. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M-Q1iOxo00wC&q=bunuel+filmofono">Buñuel and Mexico: The Crisis of National Cinema</a>. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23952-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23952-4"><bdi>978-0-520-23952-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu%C3%B1uel+and+Mexico%3A+The+Crisis+of+National+Cinema&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23952-4&rft.aulast=Acevedo-Mu%C3%B1oz&rft.aufirst=Ernesto+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM-Q1iOxo00wC%26q%3Dbunuel%2Bfilmofono&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-higginbotham-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-higginbotham_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-higginbotham_85-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginbotham1979" class="citation book cs1">Higginbotham, Virginia (1979). Luis Buñuel. New York: Twayne Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-9261-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-9261-4"><bdi>978-0-8057-9261-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-8057-9261-4&rft.aulast=Higginbotham&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rotellar-86">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rotellar_86-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rotellar_86-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rotellar_86-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRotellar1978" class="citation journal cs1">Rotellar, Manuel (1978). "Luis Buñuel en Filmófono". Cinema 2002 (37): 36–40.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cinema+2002&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+en+Film%C3%B3fono&rft.issue=37&rft.pages=36-40&rft.date=1978&rft.aulast=Rotellar&rft.aufirst=Manuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mortimore-87"><a href="#cite_ref-mortimore_87-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortimore1975" class="citation journal cs1">Mortimore, Roger (Summer 1975). "Buñuel, Sáenz de Heredia, and Filmófono". Sight and Sound. 44: 180–182.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sight+and+Sound&rft.atitle=Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+S%C3%A1enz+de+Heredia%2C+and+Film%C3%B3fono&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=44&rft.pages=180-182&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Mortimore&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fuentes,_victor-88"><a href="#cite_ref-fuentes,_victor_88-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuentes2000" class="citation book cs1">Fuentes, Victor (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mdz1N3xs24IC&q=Don+Quint%C3%ADn+el+amargao+arniches+bunuel&pg=PA57">Los mundos de Buñuel</a>. Madrid: <a href="/wiki/Ediciones_Akal" title="Ediciones Akal">Ediciones Akal</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-460-1450-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-460-1450-8"><bdi>978-84-460-1450-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Los+mundos+de+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=Madrid&rft.pub=Ediciones+Akal&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-84-460-1450-8&rft.aulast=Fuentes&rft.aufirst=Victor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMdz1N3xs24IC%26q%3DDon%2BQuint%25C3%25ADn%2Bel%2Bamargao%2Barniches%2Bbunuel%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/don-quint%C3%ADn-el-amargao-v235543">"Don Quintín el Amargao on AllMovie Don Quintín el Amargao (1935)"</a>. allmovie.com. AllMovie, a division of All Media Network. Retrieved 2 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=allmovie.com&rft.atitle=Don+Quint%C3%ADn+el+Amargao+on+AllMovie+Don+Quint%C3%ADn+el+Amargao+%281935%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmovie.com%2Fmovie%2Fdon-quint%25C3%25ADn-el-amargao-v235543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bentley-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bentley_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bentley_90-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bentley_90-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBentley2008" class="citation book cs1">Bentley, Bernard P. E. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M6kRqqwNMm0C&pg=PA61">A Companion to Spanish Cinema</a>. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Tamesis. p. 61. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85566-176-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85566-176-9"><bdi>978-1-85566-176-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Spanish+Cinema&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Tamesis&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-85566-176-9&rft.aulast=Bentley&rft.aufirst=Bernard+P.+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM6kRqqwNMm0C%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-an_unspeakable_betrayal-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-an_unspeakable_betrayal_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-an_unspeakable_betrayal_91-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-an_unspeakable_betrayal_91-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-an_unspeakable_betrayal_91-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuñuel2002" class="citation book cs1">Buñuel, Luis (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tK3KPgv34U8C">An Unspeakable Betrayal: Selected Writings of Luis Buñuel</a>. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23423-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23423-9"><bdi>978-0-520-23423-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Unspeakable+Betrayal%3A+Selected+Writings+of+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23423-9&rft.aulast=Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtK3KPgv34U8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGubernHammond2012" class="citation book cs1">Gubern, Román; Hammond, Paul (4 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=elueEkeLL_oC&q=luis+bunuel+in+geneva&pg=PA260">Luis Buñuel: The Red Years, 1929–1939, p.260</a>. University of Wisconsin Pres. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780299284732" title="Special:BookSources/9780299284732"><bdi>9780299284732</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+The+Red+Years%2C+1929%E2%80%931939%2C+p.260&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Pres&rft.date=2012-01-04&rft.isbn=9780299284732&rft.aulast=Gubern&rft.aufirst=Rom%C3%A1n&rft.au=Hammond%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DelueEkeLL_oC%26q%3Dluis%2Bbunuel%2Bin%2Bgeneva%26pg%3DPA260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-del_olmo-93"><a href="#cite_ref-del_olmo_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFdel_Olmo2010" class="citation journal cs1">del Olmo, F. Javier Ruiz (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3916%2FC35-2010-02-07">"Language and Collective Identity in Buñuel. Propaganda in the Film "España 1936""</a>. Comunicar. XVIII (35): 69–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3916%2FC35-2010-02-07">10.3916/C35-2010-02-07</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Comunicar&rft.atitle=Language+and+Collective+Identity+in+Bu%C3%B1uel.+Propaganda+in+the+Film+%22Espa%C3%B1a+1936%22&rft.volume=XVIII&rft.issue=35&rft.pages=69-76&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3916%2FC35-2010-02-07&rft.aulast=del+Olmo&rft.aufirst=F.+Javier+Ruiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3916%252FC35-2010-02-07&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140506112908/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b712e8a58">"Espana leal, en armas"</a>. BFI Film Forever. British Film Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b712e8a58">the original</a> on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 6 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BFI+Film+Forever&rft.atitle=Espana+leal%2C+en+armas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplore.bfi.org.uk%2F4ce2b712e8a58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-beevor-95"><a href="#cite_ref-beevor_95-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeevor2006" class="citation book cs1">Beevor, Antony (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforspainsp00anto/page/100">The Battle for Spain. The Spanish Civil War 1936–1939</a>. London: Penguin Books. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/battleforspainsp00anto/page/100">100</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303765-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-303765-1"><bdi>978-0-14-303765-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Battle+for+Spain.+The+Spanish+Civil+War+1936%E2%80%931939&rft.place=London&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-14-303765-1&rft.aulast=Beevor&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbattleforspainsp00anto%2Fpage%2F100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ehrlich-96"><a href="#cite_ref-ehrlich_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrlich2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Ehrlich, Linda C. (9 July 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sensesofcinema.com/2009/feature-articles/last-script-bunuel-calanda/">"A Buñuel Scrapbook: The Last Script: Remembering Luis Buñuel (1) and Calanda: 40 Years Later"</a>. Senses of Cinema. 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Abraham Lincoln Brigade Archives (ALBA). Retrieved 3 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Volunteer&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+chameleon%3A+Revelations+from+the+%22Red+Decade%22&rft.aulast=Faber&rft.aufirst=Sebastiaan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.albavolunteer.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fluis-bunuel-chameleon-revelations-from-the-%25E2%2580%259Cred-decade%25E2%2580%259D%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-robert_cole-98"><a href="#cite_ref-robert_cole_98-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCole2006" class="citation book cs1">Cole, Robert (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Wu_bOQiXGs4C">Propaganda, Censorship And Irish Neutrality in the Second World War</a>. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2277-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7486-2277-1"><bdi>978-0-7486-2277-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Propaganda%2C+Censorship+And+Irish+Neutrality+in+the+Second+World+War&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-7486-2277-1&rft.aulast=Cole&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWu_bOQiXGs4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBailey" class="citation web cs1">Bailey, John. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ascmag.com/blog/johns-bailiwick/the-lifelong-sigh-of-don-luis-bunuel">"The Lifelong Sigh of Don Luis Buñuel"</a>. 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Tauris. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-007-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-007-1"><bdi>978-1-84885-007-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lorca%2C+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+Dal%C3%AD%3A+forbidden+pleasures+and+connected+lives&rft.place=London&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-007-1&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Gwynne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-manchel-101"><a href="#cite_ref-manchel_101-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManchel1990" class="citation book cs1">Manchel, Frank (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmstudyanalyti0000manc/page/219">Film Study: An Analytical Bibliography, Volume 1</a>. 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New York: Carroll & Graf. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-0619-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-0619-8"><bdi>978-0-7867-0619-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Carroll+%26+Graf&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-0619-8&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414232442/http://www.deltaworld.org/cinema/A-documentary-shows-the-most-bitter-of-Bu-uel-and-intimate-portrait/">"A documentary shows the most bitter of Buñuel and intimate portrait"</a>. The Delta World. 13 July 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deltaworld.org/cinema/A-documentary-shows-the-most-bitter-of-Bu-uel-and-intimate-portrait/">the original</a> on 14 April 2013. 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New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 109. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-15-626027-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-15-626027-5"><bdi>978-0-15-626027-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diary+of+Ana%C3%AFs+Nin+Volume+3+1939%E2%80%931944%3A+Vol.+3+%281939%E2%80%931944%29&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=109&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-0-15-626027-5&rft.aulast=Nin&rft.aufirst=Anais&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DigytZ9t8jsAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-trimborn-106"><a href="#cite_ref-trimborn_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrimborn2007" class="citation book cs1">Trimborn, Jürgen (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4IFvjEArNg8C">Leni Riefenstahl: A Life</a>. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 123–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-374-18493-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-374-18493-3"><bdi>978-0-374-18493-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Leni+Riefenstahl%3A+A+Life&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=123-124&rft.pub=Farrar%2C+Straus+and+Giroux&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-374-18493-3&rft.aulast=Trimborn&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4IFvjEArNg8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-schreiber-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-schreiber_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schreiber_107-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schreiber_107-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-schreiber_107-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchreiber2008" class="citation book cs1">Schreiber, Rebecca M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4O1AElNqAZYC&q=bunuel+museum+of+modern+art&pg=PA72">Cold War Exiles in Mexico: U.S. Dissidents and the Culture of Critical Resistance</a>. Minneapolis: Univ of Minnesota Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4308-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4308-0"><bdi>978-0-8166-4308-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cold+War+Exiles+in+Mexico%3A+U.S.+Dissidents+and+the+Culture+of+Critical+Resistance&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pub=Univ+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-4308-0&rft.aulast=Schreiber&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4O1AElNqAZYC%26q%3Dbunuel%2Bmuseum%2Bof%2Bmodern%2Bart%26pg%3DPA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aranda-108">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aranda_108-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aranda_108-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aranda_108-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aranda_108-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aranda_108-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aranda_108-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aranda_108-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aranda_108-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAranda1976" class="citation book cs1">Aranda, Francisco (1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/luisbunuelcritic0000aran">Luis Buñuel: A Critical Biography</a>. New York: Da Capo Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-70754-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-70754-4"><bdi>978-0-306-70754-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+A+Critical+Biography&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=1976&rft.isbn=978-0-306-70754-4&rft.aulast=Aranda&rft.aufirst=Francisco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fluisbunuelcritic0000aran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-navarro-109"><a href="#cite_ref-navarro_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNavarro2004" class="citation book cs1">Navarro, Vicente (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ShbksjUcH5YC">"The Jackboot of Dada", in Serpents in the Garden: Liaisons with Culture & Sex, ed. Alexander Cockburn and Jeffery St. Clair</a>. Oakland, CA: AK Press. pp. 148–149. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-902593-94-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-902593-94-4"><bdi>978-1-902593-94-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Jackboot+of+Dada%22%2C+in+Serpents+in+the+Garden%3A+Liaisons+with+Culture+%26+Sex%2C+ed.+Alexander+Cockburn+and+Jeffery+St.+Clair&rft.place=Oakland%2C+CA&rft.pages=148-149&rft.pub=AK+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-902593-94-4&rft.aulast=Navarro&rft.aufirst=Vicente&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DShbksjUcH5YC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-robert_sitton-110"><a href="#cite_ref-robert_sitton_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSitton2014" class="citation book cs1">Sitton, Robert (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fyMZBQAAQBAJ">Lady in the Dark: Iris Barry and the Art of Film</a>. New York: Columbia University Press. p. 317. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0231165785" title="Special:BookSources/978-0231165785"><bdi>978-0231165785</bdi></a>. Retrieved 16 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lady+in+the+Dark%3A+Iris+Barry+and+the+Art+of+Film&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=317&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0231165785&rft.aulast=Sitton&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfyMZBQAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcRandle2013" class="citation web cs1">McRandle, Paul (22 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://surrealistnyc.tumblr.com/post/43719760054/bu%C3%B1uel-in-yorkville">"Buñuel in Yorkville"</a>. Surrealist NYC. Retrieved 23 May 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Surrealist+NYC&rft.atitle=Bu%C3%B1uel+in+Yorkville&rft.date=2013-02-22&rft.aulast=McRandle&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsurrealistnyc.tumblr.com%2Fpost%2F43719760054%2Fbu%25C3%25B1uel-in-yorkville&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojas1985" class="citation book cs1">Rojas, Carlos (1985). El mundo mítico y mágico de Salvador Dalí. Barcelona: Plaza & Janes. p. 41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788401351259" title="Special:BookSources/9788401351259"><bdi>9788401351259</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+mundo+m%C3%ADtico+y+m%C3%A1gico+de+Salvador+Dal%C3%AD&rft.place=Barcelona&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Plaza+%26+Janes&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=9788401351259&rft.aulast=Rojas&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarcia1992" class="citation book cs1">Barcia, José Rubia (1992). Con Luis Buñuel en Hollywood y después. Sada, A Coruña: Ediciós do Castro. pp. 105–160. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-7492-582-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-7492-582-1"><bdi>978-84-7492-582-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Con+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+en+Hollywood+y+despu%C3%A9s&rft.place=Sada%2C+A+Coru%C3%B1a&rft.pages=105-160&rft.pub=Edici%C3%B3s+do+Castro&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-84-7492-582-1&rft.aulast=Barcia&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Rubia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSánchez_Vidal1995" class="citation book cs1">Sánchez Vidal, Agustín (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cQbpAAAAIAAJ">Góngora, Buñuel, Spanish Avant-Garde and Centenary of Goya's Death, in The Spanish Avant-Garde, ed. Derek Harris</a>. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4342-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-4342-0"><bdi>978-0-7190-4342-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=G%C3%B3ngora%2C+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+Spanish+Avant-Garde+and+Centenary+of+Goya%27s+Death%2C+in+The+Spanish+Avant-Garde%2C+ed.+Derek+Harris&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-4342-0&rft.aulast=S%C3%A1nchez+Vidal&rft.aufirst=Agust%C3%ADn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcQbpAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTaves1987" class="citation journal cs1">Taves, Brian (Summer 1987). "Whose Hand? Correcting a Buñuel myth". Sight and Sound. 56 (3): 210–211.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sight+and+Sound&rft.atitle=Whose+Hand%3F+Correcting+a+Bu%C3%B1uel+myth&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=210-211&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Taves&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bazin_cinema_of_cruelty-116"><a href="#cite_ref-bazin_cinema_of_cruelty_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBazin1982" class="citation book cs1">Bazin, André (1982). The cinema of cruelty: from Buñuel to Hitchcock. New York: Seaver Books. p. 89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86579-018-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-86579-018-6"><bdi>978-0-86579-018-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+cinema+of+cruelty%3A+from+Bu%C3%B1uel+to+Hitchcock&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=89&rft.pub=Seaver+Books&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-86579-018-6&rft.aulast=Bazin&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslin1984" class="citation news cs1">Maslin, Janet (13 June 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1984/06/13/movies/film-huston-s-under-the-volcano.html">"Under the Volcano"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Under+the+Volcano&rft.date=1984-06-13&rft.aulast=Maslin&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1984%2F06%2F13%2Fmovies%2Ffilm-huston-s-under-the-volcano.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPallister1997" class="citation book cs1">Pallister, Janis L. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frenchspeakingwo0000pall/page/93">French-Speaking Women Film Directors: A Guide</a>. Madison NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/frenchspeakingwo0000pall/page/93">93</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3736-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8386-3736-4"><bdi>978-0-8386-3736-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=French-Speaking+Women+Film+Directors%3A+A+Guide&rft.place=Madison+NJ&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+Univ+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8386-3736-4&rft.aulast=Pallister&rft.aufirst=Janis+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffrenchspeakingwo0000pall%2Fpage%2F93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-camacho-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-camacho_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-camacho_119-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamacho2001" class="citation book cs1">Camacho, Enrique, Javier Pérez Bazo and Manuel Rodríguez Blanco (2001). Buñuel, 100 años : es peligroso asomarse al interior = Buñuel, 100 years : it's dangerous to look inside. New York: Instituto Cervantes / The Museum of Modern Art. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6219-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8109-6219-4"><bdi>978-0-8109-6219-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+100+a%C3%B1os+%3A+es+peligroso+asomarse+al+interior+%3D+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+100+years+%3A+it%27s+dangerous+to+look+inside&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=Instituto+Cervantes+%2F+The+Museum+of+Modern+Art&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8109-6219-4&rft.aulast=Camacho&rft.aufirst=Enrique%2C+Javier+P%C3%A9rez+Bazo+and+Manuel+Rodr%C3%ADguez+Blanco&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-bill_krohn-120">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bill_krohn_120-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bill_krohn_120-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrohn2005" class="citation book cs1">Krohn, Bill and Paul Duncan (2005). Luis Buñuel: Cinema 1900–1983. Cologne: Taschen. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3822833759" title="Special:BookSources/978-3822833759"><bdi>978-3822833759</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+Cinema+1900%E2%80%931983&rft.place=Cologne&rft.pub=Taschen&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-3822833759&rft.aulast=Krohn&rft.aufirst=Bill+and+Paul+Duncan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fein-121"><a href="#cite_ref-fein_121-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFein1994" class="citation journal cs1">Fein, Seth (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121103004053/http://161.116.18.149/bibliotecaDigital/cinema/filmhistoria/Art.Fein.pdf">"Hollywood, U.S.-Mexican Relations, and the Devolution of the "Golden Age" of Mexican Cinema"</a> (PDF). Film-Historia. IV (2): 103–135. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://161.116.18.149/bibliotecaDigital/cinema/filmhistoria/Art.Fein.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 3 November 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Film-Historia&rft.atitle=Hollywood%2C+U.S.-Mexican+Relations%2C+and+the+Devolution+of+the+%22Golden+Age%22+of+Mexican+Cinema&rft.volume=IV&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=103-135&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Fein&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2F161.116.18.149%2FbibliotecaDigital%2Fcinema%2Ffilmhistoria%2FArt.Fein.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-huer-122"><a href="#cite_ref-huer_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuer1964" class="citation book cs1">Huer, Federico (1964). La industria cinematográfica mexicana. México. DF: Policromía. pp. 48–69.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+industria+cinematogr%C3%A1fica+mexicana&rft.place=M%C3%A9xico.+DF&rft.pages=48-69&rft.pub=Policrom%C3%ADa&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Huer&rft.aufirst=Federico&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mira_Nouselles-123"><a href="#cite_ref-Mira_Nouselles_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMira_Nouselles2010" class="citation book cs1">Mira Nouselles, Alberto (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iZm8wWNXeioC">Historical Dictionary of Spanish Cinema</a>. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5957-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5957-9"><bdi>978-0-8108-5957-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Spanish+Cinema&rft.place=Lanham+MD&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5957-9&rft.aulast=Mira+Nouselles&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiZm8wWNXeioC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEstève1963" class="citation journal cs1">Estève, Michel (1963). "Luis Buñuel". Études Cinématographiques (20–21): 82.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%C3%89tudes+Cin%C3%A9matographiques&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.issue=20%E2%80%9321&rft.pages=82&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Est%C3%A8ve&rft.aufirst=Michel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartínez_Herranz2002" class="citation journal cs1">Martínez Herranz, Amparo (2002). "Gran Casino de Luis Buñuel". Artigrama (17): 525.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Artigrama&rft.atitle=Gran+Casino+de+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.issue=17&rft.pages=525&rft.date=2002&rft.aulast=Mart%C3%ADnez+Herranz&rft.aufirst=Amparo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fuentes_discourse-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fuentes_discourse_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fuentes_discourse_126-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuentes2004" class="citation journal cs1">Fuentes, Víctor (Winter–Spring 2004). "Buñuel's Cinematic Narrative and the Latin American New Novel". Discourse. 26 (1 & 2): 92. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fdis.2005.0013">10.1353/dis.2005.0013</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Discourse&rft.atitle=Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+Cinematic+Narrative+and+the+Latin+American+New+Novel&rft.chron=winter%E2%80%93spring&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1+%26+2&rft.pages=92&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fdis.2005.0013&rft.aulast=Fuentes&rft.aufirst=V%C3%ADctor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcía_Riera1969" class="citation book cs1">García Riera, Emilio (1969). Historia documental del cine mexicano. Vol. 3. Mexico: Era. p. 90. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-968-895-343-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-968-895-343-3"><bdi>978-968-895-343-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historia+documental+del+cine+mexicano.+Vol.+3&rft.place=Mexico&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=Era&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-968-895-343-3&rft.aulast=Garc%C3%ADa+Riera&rft.aufirst=Emilio&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharity2007" class="citation journal cs1">Charity, Tom (December 2007). "Luis Buñuel: Two-Disc Collector's Edition". Sight and Sound. 17 (12): 105.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sight+and+Sound&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+Two-Disc+Collector%27s+Edition&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=12&rft.pages=105&rft.date=2007-12&rft.aulast=Charity&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMraz1984" class="citation journal cs1">Mraz, John (February 1984). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC29folder/MexFilmBook.html">"Mexican Cinema: Of churros and charros"</a>. Jump Cut (29): 23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jump+Cut&rft.atitle=Mexican+Cinema%3A+Of+churros+and+charros&rft.issue=29&rft.pages=23&rft.date=1984-02&rft.aulast=Mraz&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ejumpcut.org%2Farchive%2Fonlinessays%2FJC29folder%2FMexFilmBook.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParanaguá1995" class="citation book cs1">Paranaguá, Paulo Antonio (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=U7wuAAAAYAAJ&q=bunuel+gran+casino+failure">Mexican Cinema</a>. London: British Film Institute. p. 202. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85170-516-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85170-516-3"><bdi>978-0-85170-516-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mexican+Cinema&rft.place=London&rft.pages=202&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-85170-516-3&rft.aulast=Paranagu%C3%A1&rft.aufirst=Paulo+Antonio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DU7wuAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dbunuel%2Bgran%2Bcasino%2Bfailure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGurney2004" class="citation book cs1">Gurney, Robert (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jYOIwLxBLfMC">"Juan Larrea and the Film Buñuel Did Not Make", in Companion to Spanish Surrealism, ed. Robert Havard</a>. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Tamesis Books. p. 49. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85566-104-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85566-104-2"><bdi>978-1-85566-104-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Juan+Larrea+and+the+Film+Bu%C3%B1uel+Did+Not+Make%22%2C+in+Companion+to+Spanish+Surrealism%2C+ed.+Robert+Havard&rft.place=Woodbridge%2C+Suffolk&rft.pages=49&rft.pub=Tamesis+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-85566-104-2&rft.aulast=Gurney&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjYOIwLxBLfMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStock1997" class="citation book cs1">Stock, Ann Marie (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2VFTpFmrV5cC">Framing Latin American Cinema: Contemporary Critical Perspectives</a>. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. p. 213. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2972-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-2972-5"><bdi>978-0-8166-2972-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Framing+Latin+American+Cinema%3A+Contemporary+Critical+Perspectives&rft.place=Minneapolis&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=University+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-2972-5&rft.aulast=Stock&rft.aufirst=Ann+Marie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2VFTpFmrV5cC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cine_mexicano-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cine_mexicano_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-cine_mexicano_133-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120421140309/http://cinemexicano.mty.itesm.mx/peliculas/gran_calavera.html">"El gran calavera (1949)"</a>. Más de Cien Años de Cine Mexicano. Cine Club – Cine Mexicano. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinemexicano.mty.itesm.mx/peliculas/gran_calavera.html">the original</a> on 21 April 2012. Retrieved 16 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A1s+de+Cien+A%C3%B1os+de+Cine+Mexicano&rft.atitle=El+gran+calavera+%281949%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcinemexicano.mty.itesm.mx%2Fpeliculas%2Fgran_calavera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDent2002" class="citation book cs1">Dent, David W. (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HkiJlXXbAy4C">Encyclopedia of Modern Mexico</a>. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4291-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-4291-5"><bdi>978-0-8108-4291-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Modern+Mexico&rft.place=Lanham+MD&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-4291-5&rft.aulast=Dent&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHkiJlXXbAy4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFde_las_Carreras" class="citation web cs1">de las Carreras, María Elena. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laconservancy.org/sites/default/files/files/GranCalavera_EssayDeLasCarreras.pdf">"El gran calavera (The Great Madcap, 1949), directed by Luis Buñuel"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved 1 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=newEurope&rft.atitle=A+short+history+of+Spanish+cinema&rft.date=2011-03-29&rft.aulast=Pulver&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2Ffilmblog%2F2011%2Fmar%2F29%2Fshort-history-spanish-cinema&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717025021/http://cinemexicano.mty.itesm.mx/peliculas/olvidados.html">"Los olvidados (1950)"</a>. Las 100 mejores películas del cine mexicano: 2. Cine Club – Cine Mexicano. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinemexicano.mty.itesm.mx/peliculas/olvidados.html">the original</a> on 17 July 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Las+100+mejores+pel%C3%ADculas+del+cine+mexicano%3A+2&rft.atitle=Los+olvidados+%281950%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcinemexicano.mty.itesm.mx%2Fpeliculas%2Folvidados.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ibanez_and_palacio-138"><a href="#cite_ref-ibanez_and_palacio_138-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbañez2003" class="citation book cs1">Ibañez, Juan Carlos and Manuel Palacio (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=hx5VfnjrGLUC">"Los Olvidados/The Young and the Damned", in The Cinema of Latin America, ed. Alberto Elena and Marina Díaz López</a>. New York: Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903364-84-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903364-84-0"><bdi>978-1-903364-84-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Los+Olvidados%2FThe+Young+and+the+Damned%22%2C+in+The+Cinema+of+Latin+America%2C+ed.+Alberto+Elena+and+Marina+D%C3%ADaz+L%C3%B3pez&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-903364-84-0&rft.aulast=Iba%C3%B1ez&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos+and+Manuel+Palacio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhx5VfnjrGLUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPierre2007" class="citation news cs1">Pierre, DBC (16 February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2007/feb/17/film">"The lost boys"</a>. The Guardian, 16 February 2007. London. Retrieved 20 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian%2C+16+February+2007&rft.atitle=The+lost+boys&rft.date=2007-02-16&rft.aulast=Pierre&rft.aufirst=DBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbooks%2F2007%2Ffeb%2F17%2Ffilm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVillarreal2008" class="citation book cs1">Villarreal, Rachel Kram (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LlRhRyTNbqMC">Gladiolas for the Children of Sanchez: Ernesto P. Uruchurtu's Mexico City, 1950—1968</a>. Ann Arbor MI. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781109029550" title="Special:BookSources/9781109029550"><bdi>9781109029550</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gladiolas+for+the+Children+of+Sanchez%3A+Ernesto+P.+Uruchurtu%27s+Mexico+City%2C+1950%E2%80%941968&rft.place=Ann+Arbor+MI&rft.pages=31&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9781109029550&rft.aulast=Villarreal&rft.aufirst=Rachel+Kram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLlRhRyTNbqMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-ed_gonzalez-141"><a href="#cite_ref-ed_gonzalez_141-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez" class="citation magazine cs1">Gonzalez, Ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/los-olvidados/208">"Los Olvidados ****"</a>. Slant Magazine. Retrieved 20 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slant+Magazine&rft.atitle=Los+Olvidados+%2A%2A%2A%2A&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slantmagazine.com%2Ffilm%2Freview%2Flos-olvidados%2F208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mora-142"><a href="#cite_ref-mora_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMora1982" class="citation book cs1">Mora, Carl J. (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mexicancinemaref00mora">Mexican Cinema: Reflections of a Society</a>. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04304-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-04304-6"><bdi>978-0-520-04304-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mexican+Cinema%3A+Reflections+of+a+Society&rft.place=Berkeley+and+Los+Angeles&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=978-0-520-04304-6&rft.aulast=Mora&rft.aufirst=Carl+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmexicancinemaref00mora&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mraz_nacho_lopez-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mraz_nacho_lopez_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mraz_nacho_lopez_143-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMraz2003" class="citation book cs1">Mraz, John (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e4f6kkFbbJQC">Nacho Lopez, Mexican Photographer</a>. 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London: Reaktion Books. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-303-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86189-303-1"><bdi>978-1-86189-303-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Octavio+Paz&rft.place=London&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Reaktion+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-86189-303-1&rft.aulast=Caistor&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOkPr_MWp2wMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaber2012" class="citation journal cs1">Faber, Sebastiaan (2012). "Buñuel's Impure Modernism". Modernist Cultures. 7 (1): 56–76. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fmod.2012.0028">10.3366/mod.2012.0028</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modernist+Cultures&rft.atitle=Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+Impure+Modernism&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=56-76&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fmod.2012.0028&rft.aulast=Faber&rft.aufirst=Sebastiaan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-unesco-147"><a href="#cite_ref-unesco_147-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/pdf/mow/nomination_forms/los_olvidados.pdf">"Nomination Form, Memory of the World Register"</a> (PDF). 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New York: Nation Books. p. 203. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-56858-424-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-56858-424-9"><bdi>978-1-56858-424-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Monstruo%3A+Dread+and+Redemption+in+Mexico+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=203&rft.pub=Nation+Books&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-56858-424-9&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpsHQERn0VMcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-berg_los_olvidados-149"><a href="#cite_ref-berg_los_olvidados_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg" class="citation web cs1">Berg, Charles Ramírez. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130414101344/http://www.austinfilm.org/page.aspx?pid=1692">"Los Olvidados (1950)"</a>. Essential Cinema. Austin Film Society. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.austinfilm.org/page.aspx?pid=1692">the original</a> on 14 April 2013. Retrieved 30 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Essential+Cinema&rft.atitle=Los+Olvidados+%281950%29&rft.aulast=Berg&rft.aufirst=Charles+Ram%C3%ADrez&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.austinfilm.org%2Fpage.aspx%3Fpid%3D1692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaz1983" class="citation news cs1">Paz, Octavio (29 September 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/diario/1983/09/29/opinion/433638005_850215.html">"Cannes, 1951. Los olvidados"</a>. El País. 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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22306-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-22306-5"><bdi>978-0-521-22306-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Octavio+Paz%2C+a+Study+of+His+Poetics&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=25&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-521-22306-5&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6wk4AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarmendia2010" class="citation web cs1">Garmendia, Arturo (27 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cineforever.com/2010/01/27/la-batalla-por-los-olvidados-de-bunuel/">"La batalla por 'Los Olvidados' de Buñuel"</a>. Cineforever. Retrieved 31 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+batalla+por+%27Los+Olvidados%27+de+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.pub=Cineforever&rft.date=2010-01-27&rft.aulast=Garmendia&rft.aufirst=Arturo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cineforever.com%2F2010%2F01%2F27%2Fla-batalla-por-los-olvidados-de-bunuel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteffen" class="citation web cs1">Steffen, James. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/93547%7C0/Los-Olvidados.html">"Los Olvidados"</a>. Turner Classic Movies Film Article. Turner Entertainment Networks.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turner+Classic+Movies+Film+Article&rft.atitle=Los+Olvidados&rft.aulast=Steffen&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle%2F93547%257C0%2FLos-Olvidados.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaber2002" class="citation book cs1">Faber, Sebastiaan (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WAY693mPUWsC">Exile and Cultural Hegemony: Spanish Intellectuals in Mexico, 1939–1975</a>. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press. pp. xiv. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8265-1422-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8265-1422-6"><bdi>978-0-8265-1422-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Exile+and+Cultural+Hegemony%3A+Spanish+Intellectuals+in+Mexico%2C+1939%E2%80%931975&rft.place=Nashville&rft.pages=xiv&rft.pub=Vanderbilt+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8265-1422-6&rft.aulast=Faber&rft.aufirst=Sebastiaan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWAY693mPUWsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazetas2008" class="citation book cs1">Gazetas, Aristides (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CPuZ-2UtVRwC">An Introduction to World Cinema</a>. Jefferson NC: McFarland. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3907-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-3907-2"><bdi>978-0-7864-3907-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+World+Cinema&rft.place=Jefferson+NC&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-3907-2&rft.aulast=Gazetas&rft.aufirst=Aristides&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCPuZ-2UtVRwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/flagship-project-activities/memory-of-the-world/register/full-list-of-registered-heritage/registered-heritage-page-5/los-olvidados/">"Los olvidados"</a>. 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Retrieved 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Devil+and+the+Nun&rft.pub=University+of+Warwick&rft.aulast=Sarris&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.warwick.ac.uk%2Ffac%2Farts%2Ffilm%2Fmovie%2Fcontents%2Fthe_devil_and_the_nun_sarris.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-d'lugo_films_of_carlos_saura-180">^ <a href="#cite_ref-d'lugo_films_of_carlos_saura_180-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-d'lugo_films_of_carlos_saura_180-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Lugo1991" class="citation book cs1">D'Lugo, Marvin (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RUAks4YGLWAC">The Films of Carlos Saura: The Practice of Seeing</a>. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. pp. 42–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-03142-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-03142-2"><bdi>978-0-691-03142-2</bdi></a>. 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New York: Wiley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8419-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-8419-9"><bdi>978-1-4051-8419-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=100+Years+of+Spanish+Cinema&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Wiley&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-8419-9&rft.aulast=Pavlovi%C4%87&rft.aufirst=Tatjana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPtFXpxyWMi4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viridiana50.com/uninci.php">"Viridiana.50"</a>. viridiana50.com. Ministerio de Cultura de España. 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London: Tantivy Press. pp. 117–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-498-01302-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-498-01302-7"><bdi>978-0-498-01302-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cinema+of+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=London&rft.pages=117-20&rft.pub=Tantivy+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-498-01302-7&rft.aulast=Buache&rft.aufirst=Freddy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-buache_french_edition-185">^ <a href="#cite_ref-buache_french_edition_185-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-buache_french_edition_185-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuache1975" class="citation book cs1">Buache, Freddy (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tuo1JTpoxQAC">Buñuel</a>. Lausanne: L'Age d'Homme. p. 119. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9782825133415" title="Special:BookSources/9782825133415"><bdi>9782825133415</bdi></a>. Retrieved 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=Lausanne&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=L%27Age+d%27Homme&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=9782825133415&rft.aulast=Buache&rft.aufirst=Freddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtuo1JTpoxQAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-malcolm-186"><a href="#cite_ref-malcolm_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMalcolm1999" class="citation news cs1">Malcolm, Derek (1 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/1999/apr/01/derekmalcolmscenturyoffilm.derekmalcolm">"Luis Buñuel: Viridiana"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 5 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+Viridiana&rft.date=1999-04-01&rft.aulast=Malcolm&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F1999%2Fapr%2F01%2Fderekmalcolmscenturyoffilm.derekmalcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apotpourriofvestiges.com/2012/02/viridiana-1961-luis-bunuels-case-study.html">"Luis Bunuel's Case Study on Bourgeoisie Plight and its Underlining Causes"</a>. apotpourriofvestiges.com. A Potpourri of Vestiges. 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Lanham MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mexicoscinema00davi/page/189">189</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0842026826" title="Special:BookSources/978-0842026826"><bdi>978-0842026826</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Decline+of+the+Golden+Age+and+the+Making+of+the+Crisis%2C%22+in+Mexico%27s+Cinema%3A+A+Century+of+Film+and+Filmmakers%2C+edited+by+Joanne+Hershfield+and+David+R.+Maciel&rft.place=Lanham+MD&rft.pages=189&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0842026826&rft.aulast=Alfaro&rft.aufirst=Eduardo+de+la+Vega&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmexicoscinema00davi%2Fpage%2F189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/diario/2003/07/25/agenda/1059084008_850215.html">"Serge Silberman, productor de Luis Buñuel y de Akira Kurosawa"</a>. 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Retrieved 13 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Serge+Silberman%3A+Flamboyant+film+producer+prepared+to+go+out+on+a+limb&rft.date=2003-07-27&rft.aulast=Bergan&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2003%2Fjul%2F28%2Fguardianobituaries.filmnews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gonzalez_chambermaid-192">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gonzalez_chambermaid_192-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gonzalez_chambermaid_192-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez2003" class="citation web cs1">Gonzalez, Ed (8 September 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/the-diary-of-a-chambermaid">"The Diary of a Chambermaid"</a>. Slant Magazine. Retrieved 15 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Slant+Magazine.&rft.atitle=The+Diary+of+a+Chambermaid&rft.date=2003-09-08&rft.aulast=Gonzalez&rft.aufirst=Ed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slantmagazine.com%2Ffilm%2Freview%2Fthe-diary-of-a-chambermaid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-rivera_pinal-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rivera_pinal_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-rivera_pinal_193-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRivera_J.1997" class="citation journal cs1">Rivera J., Héctor (13 July 1997). "Las experiencias de Silvia Pinal con Buñuel y Gustavo Alatriste". 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Burlington MA: Focal Press. p. 62. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0240824864" title="Special:BookSources/978-0240824864"><bdi>978-0240824864</bdi></a>. Retrieved 15 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FilmCraft%3A+Screenwriting&rft.place=Burlington+MA&rft.pages=62&rft.pub=Focal+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0240824864&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPHtiAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Colville-Andersen-195"><a href="#cite_ref-Colville-Andersen_195-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColville-Andersen" class="citation web cs1">Colville-Andersen, Mikael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140331223043/http://zakka.dk/euroscreenwriters/screenwriters/jean-claude_carriere.htm">"The Storytellers – Interview with Jean-Claude Carriéré"</a>. Zakkatography. Colville-Andersen. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zakka.dk/euroscreenwriters/screenwriters/jean-claude_carriere.htm">the original</a> on 31 March 2014. Retrieved 15 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zakkatography&rft.atitle=The+Storytellers+%E2%80%93+Interview+with+Jean-Claude+Carri%C3%A9r%C3%A9&rft.aulast=Colville-Andersen&rft.aufirst=Mikael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzakka.dk%2Feuroscreenwriters%2Fscreenwriters%2Fjean-claude_carriere.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-david_kalat-196"><a href="#cite_ref-david_kalat_196-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKalat" class="citation web cs1">Kalat, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/474221%7C474228/Diary-of-a-Chambermaid.html">"Diary of a Chambermaid"</a>. Turner Classic Movies. Turner Entertainment Networks. Retrieved 15 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turner+Classic+Movies&rft.atitle=Diary+of+a+Chambermaid&rft.aulast=Kalat&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle%2F474221%257C474228%2FDiary-of-a-Chambermaid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Geoffrey_T._Harris-197"><a href="#cite_ref-Geoffrey_T._Harris_197-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris1996" class="citation book cs1">Harris, Geoffrey T. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wUbGJ8kozAoC">On Translating French Literature and Film, Volume 1</a>. Amsterdam: Rodopi. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5183-933-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-5183-933-3"><bdi>978-90-5183-933-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Translating+French+Literature+and+Film%2C+Volume+1&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Rodopi&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-90-5183-933-3&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwUbGJ8kozAoC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAspley2010" class="citation book cs1">Aspley, Keith (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3KK7JHqNrRsC&q=bunuel+the+monk+lewis+carriere&pg=PA284">Historical Dictionary of Surrealism</a>. Lanham MD: Scarecrow Press. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810858473" title="Special:BookSources/978-0810858473"><bdi>978-0810858473</bdi></a>. Retrieved 24 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Surrealism&rft.place=Lanham+MD&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0810858473&rft.aulast=Aspley&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3KK7JHqNrRsC%26q%3Dbunuel%2Bthe%2Bmonk%2Blewis%2Bcarriere%26pg%3DPA284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-La_Jornada-199"><a href="#cite_ref-La_Jornada_199-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jornada.unam.mx/2013/07/29/espectaculos/a12n1esp">"No he conocido a alguien que supere a Luis Buñuel: Silvia Pinal"</a>. La Jornada. DEMOS, Desarrollo de Medios. 29 July 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Jornada&rft.atitle=No+he+conocido+a+alguien+que+supere+a+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+Silvia+Pinal&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jornada.unam.mx%2F2013%2F07%2F29%2Fespectaculos%2Fa12n1esp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-zohn-200">^ <a href="#cite_ref-zohn_200-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-zohn_200-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZohn2012" class="citation web cs1">Zohn, Patricia (2 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/patricia-zohn/catherine-deneuve_b_1395172.html">"Belle de Jour: Catherine Deneuve and Her Shades of Grey"</a>. HuffPost. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Belle+de+Jour%3A+Catherine+Deneuve+and+Her+Shades+of+Grey&rft.date=2012-04-02&rft.aulast=Zohn&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fpatricia-zohn%2Fcatherine-deneuve_b_1395172.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBernard2005" class="citation book cs1">Bernard, Jami (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pWH97tY1KfMC">The X-List: The National Society of Film Critics' Guide to the Movies that Turn Us On</a>. Cambridge MA: Da Capo Press. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0306814457" title="Special:BookSources/978-0306814457"><bdi>978-0306814457</bdi></a>. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+X-List%3A+The+National+Society+of+Film+Critics%27+Guide+to+the+Movies+that+Turn+Us+On&rft.place=Cambridge+MA&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Da+Capo+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0306814457&rft.aulast=Bernard&rft.aufirst=Jami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpWH97tY1KfMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoucharenc2004" class="citation book cs1">Boucharenc, Myriam (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2GShcPJaDg4C">L'écrivain-reporter au cœur des années trente</a>. Lille: Presses Univ. Septentrion. p. 184. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-85939-842-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-85939-842-2"><bdi>978-2-85939-842-2</bdi></a>. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=L%27%C3%A9crivain-reporter+au+c%C5%93ur+des+ann%C3%A9es+trente&rft.place=Lille&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Presses+Univ.+Septentrion&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-2-85939-842-2&rft.aulast=Boucharenc&rft.aufirst=Myriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2GShcPJaDg4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Europe_of_Cultures-203"><a href="#cite_ref-Europe_of_Cultures_203-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurieux" class="citation web cs1">Durieux, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fresques.ina.fr/europe-des-cultures-en/fiche-media/Europe00048/conversation-with-luis-bunuel-on-belle-de-jour.html">"Conversation with Luis Buñuel on Belle de jour"</a>. Europe of Cultures. INA Institute. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europe+of+Cultures&rft.atitle=Conversation+with+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+on+Belle+de+jour&rft.aulast=Durieux&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffresques.ina.fr%2Feurope-des-cultures-en%2Ffiche-media%2FEurope00048%2Fconversation-with-luis-bunuel-on-belle-de-jour.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-levy_belle_de_jour-204"><a href="#cite_ref-levy_belle_de_jour_204-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2014" class="citation web cs1">Levy, Emanuel (16 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://emanuellevy.com/pick-of-the-week/belle-de-jour-1967-bunuels-masterpiece-starring-catherine-deneuve/">"Belle de Jour (1967): Bunuel's Masterpiece Starring Catherine Deneuve"</a>. Cinema 24/7. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cinema+24%2F7&rft.atitle=Belle+de+Jour+%281967%29%3A+Bunuel%27s+Masterpiece+Starring+Catherine+Deneuve&rft.date=2014-09-16&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Femanuellevy.com%2Fpick-of-the-week%2Fbelle-de-jour-1967-bunuels-masterpiece-starring-catherine-deneuve%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-belle_de_jour_tcm-205"><a href="#cite_ref-belle_de_jour_tcm_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandazuri" class="citation web cs1">Landazuri, Margarita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article.html?id=628630%7C636738">"Belle de jour"</a>. TCM Classic Movies. Turner Entertainment Networks. Retrieved 24 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TCM+Classic+Movies&rft.atitle=Belle+de+jour&rft.aulast=Landazuri&rft.aufirst=Margarita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle.html%3Fid%3D628630%257C636738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-moma_belle_de_jour-206"><a href="#cite_ref-moma_belle_de_jour_206-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver" class="citation web cs1">Silver, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2014/04/22/luis-bunuels-belle-de-jour/">"Luis Buñuel's Belle de Jour"</a>. Inside/Out. Museum of Modern Art. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inside%2FOut&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+Belle+de+Jour&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fexplore%2Finside_out%2F2014%2F04%2F22%2Fluis-bunuels-belle-de-jour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-anderson_belle-207">^ <a href="#cite_ref-anderson_belle_207-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-anderson_belle_207-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Melissa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/2121-belle-de-jour-tough-love">"Belle de jour: Tough Love"</a>. Criterion Collection. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Criterion+Collection&rft.atitle=Belle+de+jour%3A+Tough+Love&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Fcurrent%2Fposts%2F2121-belle-de-jour-tough-love&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert" class="citation web cs1">Ebert, Roger. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-belle-de-jour-1967">"Belle de Jour"</a>. Great Movies. Roger Ebert.com. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Great+Movies&rft.atitle=Belle+de+Jour&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fgreat-movie-belle-de-jour-1967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelville2013" class="citation web cs1">Melville, David (9 September 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sensesofcinema.com/2013/cteq/who-let-the-cats-out-bunuel-deneuve-and-belle-de-jour/">"Who Let the Cats Out? Buñuel, Deneuve and Belle de jour"</a>. Senses of Cinema. Film Victoria. Retrieved 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Senses+of+Cinema&rft.atitle=Who+Let+the+Cats+Out%3F+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+Deneuve+and+Belle+de+jour&rft.date=2013-09-09&rft.aulast=Melville&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsensesofcinema.com%2F2013%2Fcteq%2Fwho-let-the-cats-out-bunuel-deneuve-and-belle-de-jour%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polizzotti_milky_way-210">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Polizzotti_milky_way_210-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polizzotti_milky_way_210-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolizzotti" class="citation web cs1">Polizzotti, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/611-the-milky-way-easy-striders">"The Milky Way: Easy Striders"</a>. Criterion Collection. Retrieved 11 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Criterion+Collection&rft.atitle=The+Milky+Way%3A+Easy+Striders&rft.aulast=Polizzotti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Fcurrent%2Fposts%2F611-the-milky-way-easy-striders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-supernal_dreams-211"><a href="#cite_ref-supernal_dreams_211-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench" class="citation web cs1">French, Lawrence. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinefantastiqueonline.com/2009/02/supernal-dreams-jean-claude-carriere-on-luis-bunuels-sublime-fantasy-the-milky-way/">"Supernal Dreams: Jean-Claude Carriere on Luis Bunuel's Sublime Fantasy, "The Milky Way""</a>. Cinefantastique Online. 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New York: John Wiley & Sons. p. 294. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1405139793" title="Special:BookSources/978-1405139793"><bdi>978-1405139793</bdi></a>. Retrieved 11 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+on+Film%3A+An+Introduction&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=294&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1405139793&rft.aulast=Nochimson&rft.aufirst=Martha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDXK5gkQwAs8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mazur-213"><a href="#cite_ref-mazur_213-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazur2011" class="citation book cs1">Mazur, Eric Michael (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JPNfox6H5qwC">Encyclopedia of Religion and Film</a>. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313330728" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313330728"><bdi>978-0313330728</bdi></a>. 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El País (in Spanish). 6 November 1994. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1134-6582">1134-6582</a>. 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Tauris. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1848850071" title="Special:BookSources/978-1848850071"><bdi>978-1848850071</bdi></a>. Retrieved 15 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lorca%2C+Bu%C3%B1uel%2C+Dal%C3%AD%3A+Forbidden+Pleasures+and+Connected+Lives&rft.place=London&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1848850071&rft.aulast=Edwards&rft.aufirst=Gwynne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCA34AgAAQBAJ%26q%3DOlympic%2Bbronze%2Bmedal%2Bjeanne%2Brucar%26pg%3DPT72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-max_aub_2017-234"><a href="#cite_ref-max_aub_2017_234-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAub2017" class="citation book cs1">Aub, Max (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1sm4DgAAQBAJ&q=Olympic+bronze+medal+jeanne+rucar&pg=PA154">Conversations with Bunuel: Interviews with the Filmmaker, Family Members, Friends and Collaborators</a>. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1476668222" title="Special:BookSources/978-1476668222"><bdi>978-1476668222</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conversations+with+Bunuel%3A+Interviews+with+the+Filmmaker%2C+Family+Members%2C+Friends+and+Collaborators&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1476668222&rft.aulast=Aub&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1sm4DgAAQBAJ%26q%3DOlympic%2Bbronze%2Bmedal%2Bjeanne%2Brucar%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_world_service-235"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc_world_service_235-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/arts/highlights/000919_bunuel.shtml">"Luis Buñuel: In The Directors' Chair"</a>. BBC World Service. 19 September 2000. Retrieved 30 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+In+The+Directors%27+Chair&rft.pub=BBC+World+Service&rft.date=2000-09-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fworldservice%2Farts%2Fhighlights%2F000919_bunuel.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-jeanne_rucar-236"><a href="#cite_ref-jeanne_rucar_236-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRucar_de_Buñuel2010" class="citation book cs1">Rucar de Buñuel, Jeanne (2010). Memoirs of a Woman Without a Piano: My Life with Luis Buñuel. Brooklyn: Five Ties Publishing. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9794727-6-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9794727-6-3"><bdi>978-0-9794727-6-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Memoirs+of+a+Woman+Without+a+Piano%3A+My+Life+with+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.place=Brooklyn&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Five+Ties+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-9794727-6-3&rft.aulast=Rucar+de+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Centro_Virtual_Cervantes-237"><a href="#cite_ref-Centro_Virtual_Cervantes_237-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cvc.cervantes.es/actcult/bunuel/entrevistas/r_bunuel.htm">"Rafael Bunuel, Escultor"</a>. Centro Virtual Cervantes. Instituto Cervantes. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Centro+Virtual+Cervantes&rft.atitle=Rafael+Bunuel%2C+Escultor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcvc.cervantes.es%2Factcult%2Fbunuel%2Fentrevistas%2Fr_bunuel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-nat_geo-238"><a href="#cite_ref-nat_geo_238-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120813071957/http://natgeoadventure.tv/int/User.aspx?userId=10703">"Nat Geo Adventure"</a>. NGC-UK Partnership. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://natgeoadventure.tv/int/user.aspx?userid=10703">the original</a> on 13 August 2012. Retrieved 23 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nat+Geo+Adventure&rft.pub=NGC-UK+Partnership&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnatgeoadventure.tv%2Fint%2Fuser.aspx%3Fuserid%3D10703&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fuentes_discreet_charm-239"><a href="#cite_ref-fuentes_discreet_charm_239-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuentes2000" class="citation web cs1">Fuentes, Carlos (18 December 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/109-the-discreet-charm-of-the-bourgeosie">"The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeosie"</a>. Criterion Collection. Retrieved 12 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Criterion+Collection&rft.atitle=The+Discreet+Charm+of+the+Bourgeosie&rft.date=2000-12-18&rft.aulast=Fuentes&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Fcurrent%2Fposts%2F109-the-discreet-charm-of-the-bourgeosie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> Reference Jeanne Rucar, "Memorias de una mujer sin piano". Cabaret Voltaire, Spain 1990. </li> <li id="cite_note-fuentes_milky_way-241"><a href="#cite_ref-fuentes_milky_way_241-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuentes2007" class="citation web cs1">Fuentes, Carlos (20 August 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.criterion.com/current/posts/610-the-milky-way-the-heretic-s-progress">"The Milky Way: The Heretic's Progress"</a>. Criterion Collection. Retrieved 11 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Criterion+Collection&rft.atitle=The+Milky+Way%3A+The+Heretic%27s+Progress&rft.date=2007-08-20&rft.aulast=Fuentes&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criterion.com%2Fcurrent%2Fposts%2F610-the-milky-way-the-heretic-s-progress&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAridjis" class="citation web cs1">Aridjis, Homero. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.log24.com/log08/saved/080419-Paz.html">"Octavio Paz: The Poet in His Labyrinth"</a>. Log24.com. Journal Archives of Steven H. Cullinane. Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Log24.com&rft.atitle=Octavio+Paz%3A+The+Poet+in+His+Labyrinth&rft.aulast=Aridjis&rft.aufirst=Homero&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.log24.com%2Flog08%2Fsaved%2F080419-Paz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dead_man_laughing-243"><a href="#cite_ref-Dead_man_laughing_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuckman2004" class="citation news cs1">Tuckman, Jo (28 December 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/film/2004/dec/29/art">"Dead man laughing"</a>. The Guardian. Retrieved 22 November 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Dead+man+laughing&rft.date=2004-12-28&rft.aulast=Tuckman&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ffilm%2F2004%2Fdec%2F29%2Fart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander2004" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Sean (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0qiQLs-6SocC">"Luis Buñuel", in The Scarecrow Video Movie Guide</a>. Seattle WA: Sasquatch Books. p. 31. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57061-415-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57061-415-6"><bdi>978-1-57061-415-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%22%2C+in+The+Scarecrow+Video+Movie+Guide&rft.place=Seattle+WA&rft.pages=31&rft.pub=Sasquatch+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-57061-415-6&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0qiQLs-6SocC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStam1991" class="citation book cs1">Stam, Robert (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CfVeQ5BaPVsC">"Hitchcock and Buñuel: Authority, Desire and the Absurd", in Hitchcock's Rereleased Films: From Rope to Vertigo, ed. by Walter Raubicheck and Walter Srebnick</a>. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. p. 117. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2326-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-2326-7"><bdi>978-0-8143-2326-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Hitchcock+and+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+Authority%2C+Desire+and+the+Absurd%22%2C+in+Hitchcock%27s+Rereleased+Films%3A+From+Rope+to+Vertigo%2C+ed.+by+Walter+Raubicheck+and+Walter+Srebnick&rft.place=Detroit&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-2326-7&rft.aulast=Stam&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCfVeQ5BaPVsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-yakir-246"><a href="#cite_ref-yakir_246-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYakir1983" class="citation web cs1">Yakir, Dan (September–October 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.filmcomment.com/article/luis-bunuel-remembered">"Two Old Masters: Luis Buñuel"</a>. Film Comment. Film Society of Lincoln Center. Retrieved 24 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Film+Comment&rft.atitle=Two+Old+Masters%3A+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.date=1983-09%2F1983-10&rft.aulast=Yakir&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmcomment.com%2Farticle%2Fluis-bunuel-remembered&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-247"><a href="#cite_ref-auto_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlint1983" class="citation news cs1">Flint, Peter B. (30 July 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1983/07/30/obituaries/luis-bunuel-dies-at-83-film-maker-for-50-years.html">"Luis Buñuel Dies at 83; Filmmaker for 50 Years"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 6 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+Dies+at+83%3B+Filmmaker+for+50+Years&rft.date=1983-07-30&rft.aulast=Flint&rft.aufirst=Peter+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1983%2F07%2F30%2Fobituaries%2Fluis-bunuel-dies-at-83-film-maker-for-50-years.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090624023319/http://bergmanorama.webs.com/bergman_on_directors.htm">"Commentary: Bergman on Filmmakers"</a>. Berganorama. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bergmanorama.webs.com/bergman_on_directors.htm">the original</a> on 24 June 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Commentary%3A+Bergman+on+Filmmakers&rft.pub=Berganorama&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbergmanorama.webs.com%2Fbergman_on_directors.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-paz-249"><a href="#cite_ref-paz_249-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaz1986" class="citation book cs1">Paz, Octavio (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qoiEQ4FiuFsC">On Poets and Others</a>. New York: Arcade Publishing. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-139-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55970-139-6"><bdi>978-1-55970-139-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Poets+and+Others&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Arcade+Publishing&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-1-55970-139-6&rft.aulast=Paz&rft.aufirst=Octavio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqoiEQ4FiuFsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSinyard2010" class="citation book cs1">Sinyard, Neil (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Xhfl7DdYTMQC">"The Discreet Charm of Houston and Buñuel: Notes on a Cinematic Odd Couple", in John Huston: Essays on a Restless Director, ed. Tony Tracy and Roddy Flynn</a>. Jefferson NC: McFarland. p. 73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5853-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5853-0"><bdi>978-0-7864-5853-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22The+Discreet+Charm+of+Houston+and+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+Notes+on+a+Cinematic+Odd+Couple%22%2C+in+John+Huston%3A+Essays+on+a+Restless+Director%2C+ed.+Tony+Tracy+and+Roddy+Flynn&rft.place=Jefferson+NC&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5853-0&rft.aulast=Sinyard&rft.aufirst=Neil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXhfl7DdYTMQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomson" class="citation book cs1">Thomson, David. <a href="/wiki/The_New_Biographical_Dictionary_of_Film" title="The New Biographical Dictionary of Film">The New Biographical Dictionary of Film</a> (Fifth ed.). p. 134.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Biographical+Dictionary+of+Film&rft.pages=134&rft.edition=Fifth&rft.aulast=Thomson&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-d'lugo-252"><a href="#cite_ref-d'lugo_252-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFD'Lugo1999" class="citation book cs1">D'Lugo, Marvin (1999). "Buñuel in the Cathedral of Culture" in Marsha Kinder (ed.), Luis Buñuel's The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 108. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56831-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-56831-9"><bdi>978-0-521-56831-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Bu%C3%B1uel+in+the+Cathedral+of+Culture%22+in+Marsha+Kinder+%28ed.%29%2C+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+The+Discreet+Charm+of+the+Bourgeoisie&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+New+York&rft.pages=108&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-0-521-56831-9&rft.aulast=D%27Lugo&rft.aufirst=Marvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museoreinasofia.es/publicaciones/catalogo.html?idPub=326">"¿Buñuel!. La mirada del siglo"</a>. Catálogo de publicaciones. Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cat%C3%A1logo+de+publicaciones&rft.atitle=%C2%BFBu%C3%B1uel%21.+La+mirada+del+siglo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.museoreinasofia.es%2Fpublicaciones%2Fcatalogo.html%3FidPub%3D326&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://iesluisbunuel.com/">"IES Luis Buñuel"</a>. iesluisbunuel.com. Retrieved 5 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IES+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.pub=iesluisbunuel.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fiesluisbunuel.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180108174817/http://www.educacion.gob.es/exterior/centros/luisbunuel/es/secretaria/historia.shtml">"Historia del Liceo Español"</a>. Liceo Español Luis Buñuel. Gobierno de Espana. Ministerio de Educación. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.educacion.gob.es/exterior/centros/luisbunuel/es/secretaria/historia.shtml">the original</a> on 8 January 2018. Retrieved 8 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Liceo+Espa%C3%B1ol+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.atitle=Historia+del+Liceo+Espa%C3%B1ol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.educacion.gob.es%2Fexterior%2Fcentros%2Fluisbunuel%2Fes%2Fsecretaria%2Fhistoria.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimonis2009" class="citation book cs1">Simonis, Damien (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B1pFbOvxN1wC&q=Head+of+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+in+Centro+Bu%C3%B1uel+Calanda.&pg=PA467">Spain – ebook edition. 7th Edition</a>. 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Retrieved 9 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=el+CBC&rft.pub=cbcvirtual.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbcvirtual.com%2Fmenu.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160407151658/http://www.festival-cannes.com/fr/festivalServices/festivalGuideTheatres.html">"Accès aux projections"</a>. Festival de Cannes. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.festival-cannes.com/fr/festivalServices/festivalGuideTheatres.html">the original</a> on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 26 July 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Acc%C3%A8s+aux+projections&rft.pub=Festival+de+Cannes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.festival-cannes.com%2Ffr%2FfestivalServices%2FfestivalGuideTheatres.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.festival-cannes.fr/en/archives/evenementPresentation/id/76/title/evenementHommages/year/2000.html">"Tribute to Luis Buñuel"</a>. Around the selection 2000. Festival de Cannes. 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Retrieved 16 December 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+Film+Institute&rft.pub=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel+Film+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.luisbunuelfilminstitute.com%2Fabout.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carnivalofvenice.com/the-city/events-in-venice/venice-film-festival/awards-and-acknowledgements/golden-lion/golden-lion-for-career-achievement?lang=en">"Golden Lion for Career Achievement"</a>. Portale di Venezia. 19 April 2010. 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Retrieved 10 May 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Top+250+Directors&rft.pub=They+Shoot+Pictures%2C+Don%27t+They%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theyshootpictures.com%2Fgf1000_top250directors.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Winfrey-268">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Winfrey_268-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winfrey_268-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winfrey_268-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Winfrey_268-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraham_Winfrey2017" class="citation web cs1">Graham Winfrey (24 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiewire.com/features/general/7-filmmakers-influenced-by-luis-bunuel-woody-allen-metrograph-1201796524/">"7 Filmmakers Deeply Influenced by Luis Buñuel"</a>. IndieWire. 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Retrieved 4 August 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Great+Northern&rft.atitle=Life+Out+of+Balance+%2F%2F+An+interview+with+Godfrey+Reggio&rft.au=Steve+Marsh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthegreatnorthernfestival.com%2Ftgn-blog%2Flife-out-of-balance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/calendar/events/6633">"Tras Nazarín (Following Nazarín)"</a>. MoMA. Museum of Modern Art.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MoMA&rft.atitle=Tras+Nazar%C3%ADn+%28Following+Nazar%C3%ADn%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fcalendar%2Fevents%2F6633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSelas2009" class="citation web cs1">Selas, Alejandro Reche (21 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diariodesevilla.es/article/ocio/496982/la/hispalense/rendira/homenaje/bunuel/marco/festival/cine.html">"La Hispalense rendirá homenaje a Buñuel en marco del Festival de Cine"</a>. Diario de Sevilla. <a href="/wiki/Joly_Digital" class="mw-redirect" title="Joly Digital">Joly Digital</a>. Retrieved 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diario+de+Sevilla&rft.atitle=La+Hispalense+rendir%C3%A1+homenaje+a+Bu%C3%B1uel+en+marco+del+Festival+de+Cine&rft.date=2009-08-21&rft.aulast=Selas&rft.aufirst=Alejandro+Reche&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diariodesevilla.es%2Farticle%2Focio%2F496982%2Fla%2Fhispalense%2Frendira%2Fhomenaje%2Fbunuel%2Fmarco%2Ffestival%2Fcine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elpais.com/diario/1985/01/18/cultura/474850803_850215.html">"Dalí se opone a un proyecto de película de Antoni Ribas sobre el pintor"</a>. El Pais. 18 January 1985. Retrieved 7 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pais&rft.atitle=Dal%C3%AD+se+opone+a+un+proyecto+de+pel%C3%ADcula+de+Antoni+Ribas+sobre+el+pintor&rft.date=1985-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felpais.com%2Fdiario%2F1985%2F01%2F18%2Fcultura%2F474850803_850215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-273"><a href="#cite_ref-273">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMontes_Garces2007" class="citation book cs1">Montes Garces, Elizabeth (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=l0KA5n4Gm9UC">Relocating Identities in Latin American Cultures</a>. Calgary: University of Calgary Press. pp. 139–140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-209-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55238-209-7"><bdi>978-1-55238-209-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Relocating+Identities+in+Latin+American+Cultures&rft.place=Calgary&rft.pages=139-140&rft.pub=University+of+Calgary+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-55238-209-7&rft.aulast=Montes+Garces&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl0KA5n4Gm9UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131019083330/http://www.clubcultura.com/clubcine/bunuel_saura/bunuel_saura1.htm">"Buñuel y la mesa del Rey Salomón"</a>. Noticias. ClubCine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clubcultura.com/clubcine/bunuel_saura/bunuel_saura1.htm">the original</a> on 19 October 2013. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Noticias&rft.atitle=Bu%C3%B1uel+y+la+mesa+del+Rey+Salom%C3%B3n&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clubcultura.com%2Fclubcine%2Fbunuel_saura%2Fbunuel_saura1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.residencia.csic.es/en/info/history.htm">"Residencia de Estudiantes – History"</a>. Residencia de Estudiantes. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Residencia+de+Estudiantes+%E2%80%93+History&rft.pub=Residencia+de+Estudiantes&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.residencia.csic.es%2Fen%2Finfo%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojas1993" class="citation book cs1">Rojas, Carlos (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MWF5s2yfFqwC">Salvador Dalí, Or The Art of Spitting on Your Mother's Portrait</a>. University Park PA: Penn State Press. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-00842-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-00842-4"><bdi>978-0-271-00842-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salvador+Dal%C3%AD%2C+Or+The+Art+of+Spitting+on+Your+Mother%27s+Portrait&rft.place=University+Park+PA&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=Penn+State+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-271-00842-4&rft.aulast=Rojas&rft.aufirst=Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMWF5s2yfFqwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160802073434/http://dalimovie.com/Press.html">"The Death of Salvador Dali – Press release"</a>. dalimovie.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dalimovie.com/Press.html">the original</a> on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Death+of+Salvador+Dali+%E2%80%93+Press+release&rft.pub=dalimovie.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dalimovie.com%2FPress.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2007" class="citation news cs1">Smith, David (27 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2007/oct/28/spain.books">"Were Spain's two artistic legends secret gay lovers?"</a>. The Observer. London. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Observer&rft.atitle=Were+Spain%27s+two+artistic+legends+secret+gay+lovers%3F&rft.date=2007-10-27&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F2007%2Foct%2F28%2Fspain.books&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2011" class="citation news cs1">Berger, Joseph (27 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/28/movies/midnight-in-paris-a-historical-view.html">"Decoding Woody Allen's Midnight in Paris"</a>. The New York Times. Retrieved 8 August 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Decoding+Woody+Allen%27s+Midnight+in+Paris&rft.date=2011-05-27&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F05%2F28%2Fmovies%2Fmidnight-in-paris-a-historical-view.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoyle" class="citation web cs1">Hoyle, Arthur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyjournalofbooks.com/book-review/bunuel-labyrinth-turtles">"Bunuel in the Labyrinth of the Turtles"</a>. new york journal of books. Retrieved 20 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=new+york+journal+of+books&rft.atitle=Bunuel+in+the+Labyrinth+of+the+Turtles&rft.aulast=Hoyle&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyjournalofbooks.com%2Fbook-review%2Fbunuel-labyrinth-turtles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJimenez2019" class="citation web cs1">Jimenez, Jesus (25 April 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rtve.es/noticias/20190425/bunuel-laberinto-tortugas-pelicula-espanola-animacion-del-ano/1927520.shtml">"'Buñuel en el laberinto de las tortugas', la película española de animación del año"</a>. RTVE. Corporación de Radio y Televisión Española.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RTVE&rft.atitle=%27Bu%C3%B1uel+en+el+laberinto+de+las+tortugas%27%2C+la+pel%C3%ADcula+espa%C3%B1ola+de+animaci%C3%B3n+del+a%C3%B1o&rft.date=2019-04-25&rft.aulast=Jimenez&rft.aufirst=Jesus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtve.es%2Fnoticias%2F20190425%2Fbunuel-laberinto-tortugas-pelicula-espanola-animacion-del-ano%2F1927520.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel_bibliography" title="Luis Buñuel bibliography">Luis Buñuel bibliography</a></div> <ul><li>J. Francisco Aranda Luis Buñuel: Biografia Critica (Spanish edition) Paperback: 479 pages. Lumen;new and revised edition (1975), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8426410553" title="Special:BookSources/8426410553">8426410553</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8426410559" title="Special:BookSources/978-8426410559">978-8426410559</a>.</li> <li>Robert Bresson and Luis Buñuel. La politica de los autores/ The Politics of Authors (La Memoria Del Cine) (Spanish edition) Paidos Iberica Ediciones S a (April 2003), 189 pages, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8449314143" title="Special:BookSources/8449314143">8449314143</a></li> <li>Luis Buñuel, Mon Dernier Supir (1982), translated into Spanish as Mi Ultimo Suspiro, and into English as My Last Sigh (New York: Alfred Knopf 1983) or My Last Breath (London: Jonathan Cape 1984).</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuñuel2002" class="citation book cs1">Buñuel, Luis (1 March 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tK3KPgv34U8C">An Unspeakable Betrayal: Selected Writings of Luis Buñuel</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23423-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-23423-9"><bdi>978-0-520-23423-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Unspeakable+Betrayal%3A+Selected+Writings+of+Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2002-03-01&rft.isbn=978-0-520-23423-9&rft.aulast=Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.aufirst=Luis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtK3KPgv34U8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Luis Buñuel, Manuel Lopez Villegas. Escritos de Luis Bunuel (Fundidos En Negro / Fused in Black) (Spanish edition), Editorial Paginas de Espuma; Paperback, 2 February 2000, 296 pp,<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8493124303" title="Special:BookSources/8493124303">8493124303</a></li> <li>Luis Buñuel, Rafæl Buñuel, Juan Luis Buñuel (Afterword). An Unspeakable Betrayal: Selected Writings of Luis Buñuel. Publisher: University of California Press; First edition (6 April 2000), pp 277, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0520208404" title="Special:BookSources/0520208404">0520208404</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.es/Luis-Bunuel-1929-1939-Wisconsin-Studies/dp/0299284743">Luis Buñuel: The Red Years, 1929–1939 (Wisconsin Film Studies).</a></li> <li>Luis Buñuel. El discreto encanto de la burguesia (Coleccion Voz imagen, Serie cine ; 26) (Spanish rdition) Paperback – 159 pages, Ayma, first edition (1973), <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8420912646" title="Special:BookSources/8420912646">8420912646</a></li> <li>Luis Buñuel. El fantasma de la libertad (Serie cine) (Spanish edition) Serie cine Paperback, Ayma, first edition (1975), 148 pages, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8420912840" title="Special:BookSources/8420912840">8420912840</a></li> <li>Luis Buñuel. Obra literaria (Spanish rdition) Publisher: Heraldo de Aragon (1982), 291 pages, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/8485492749" title="Special:BookSources/8485492749">8485492749</a></li> <li>Luis Buñuel. L'Age d'or: Correspondance Luis Bunuel-Charles de Noailles : lettres et documents (1929–1976) (Les Cahiers du Musee national d'art moderne) Centre Georges Pompidou (publ), 1993, pp 190, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2858507457" title="Special:BookSources/2858507457">2858507457</a></li> <li>Froylan Enciso, En defensa del poeta Buñuel, en Andar fronteras. El servicio diplomático de Octavio Paz en Francia (1946–1951), Siglo XXI, 2008, pp. 130–134 y 353–357.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDurgnat1977" class="citation book cs1">Durgnat, Raymond (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_lbzZWIbgwkC">Luis Bunuel</a>. University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03424-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-03424-2"><bdi>978-0-520-03424-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bunuel&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-520-03424-2&rft.aulast=Durgnat&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_lbzZWIbgwkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Javier Espada y Elena Cervera, México fotografiado por Luis Buñuel.</li> <li>Javier Espada y Elena Cervera, Buñuel. Entre 2 Mundos.</li> <li>Javier Espada y Asier Mensuro, Album fotografico de la familia Buñuel.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGubernHammond2012" class="citation book cs1">Gubern, Román; Hammond, Paul (4 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=elueEkeLL_oC">Luis Buñuel: The Red Years, 1929–1939</a>. University of Wisconsin Pres. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-28474-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-28474-9"><bdi>978-0-299-28474-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel%3A+The+Red+Years%2C+1929%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=University+of+Wisconsin+Pres&rft.date=2012-01-04&rft.isbn=978-0-299-28474-9&rft.aulast=Gubern&rft.aufirst=Rom%C3%A1n&rft.au=Hammond%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DelueEkeLL_oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHigginbotham1979" class="citation book cs1">Higginbotham, Virginia (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WalZAAAAMAAJ">Luis Buñuel</a>. Twayne Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-9261-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8057-9261-4"><bdi>978-0-8057-9261-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&rft.pub=Twayne+Publishers&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=978-0-8057-9261-4&rft.aulast=Higginbotham&rft.aufirst=Virginia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWalZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Michael Koller <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101225061923/http://archive.sensesofcinema.com/contents/cteq/01/12/chien.html">"Un Chien Andalou", Senses of Cinema January 2001</a>. Retrieved 26 July 2006.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez2001" class="citation journal cs1">López, Ignacio Javier (2001). "The Old Age of William Tell: A Study of Buñuel's Tristana". <a href="/wiki/Modern_Language_Notes" title="Modern Language Notes">MLN</a>. 116 (2): 295–314. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fmln.2001.0023">10.1353/mln.2001.0023</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161904192">161904192</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=MLN&rft.atitle=The+Old+Age+of+William+Tell%3A+A+Study+of+Bu%C3%B1uel%27s+Tristana&rft.volume=116&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=295-314&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fmln.2001.0023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161904192%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Ignacio+Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLópez2003" class="citation journal cs1">López, Ignacio Javier (2003). "Film, Freud and Paranoia: Dalí and the Representation of Male Desire in An Andalusian Dog". <a href="/wiki/Diacritics_(journal)" title="Diacritics (journal)">Diacritics</a>. 31 (2): 35–48. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fdia.2003.0010">10.1353/dia.2003.0010</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:171061851">171061851</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Diacritics&rft.atitle=Film%2C+Freud+and+Paranoia%3A+Dal%C3%AD+and+the+Representation+of+Male+Desire+in+An+Andalusian+Dog&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=35-48&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fdia.2003.0010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A171061851%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=L%C3%B3pez&rft.aufirst=Ignacio+Javier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantaolallaEvans2004" class="citation book cs1">Santaolalla, Isabel; Evans, Peter William (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lH2GAAAAIAAJ">Luis Bunuel: New Readings</a>. British Film Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-003-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84457-003-4"><bdi>978-1-84457-003-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luis+Bunuel%3A+New+Readings&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-84457-003-4&rft.aulast=Santaolalla&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft.au=Evans%2C+Peter+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlH2GAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALuis+Bu%C3%B1uel" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Luis_Bu%C3%B1uel" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Luis Buñuel">Luis Buñuel</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library" title="Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library">Library resources</a> about Luis Buñuel <hr /></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li> </ul></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow">By Luis Buñuel <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&library=OLBP">Online books</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel">Resources in your library</a></li> <li><a class="external text" href="https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?at=wp&au=Luis+Bu%C3%B1uel&library=0CHOOSE0">Resources in other libraries</a></li></ul> </div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0000320/">Luis Buñuel</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sensesofcinema.com/2005/great-directors/bunuel/">Senses of Cinema: Great Directors Critical Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2021/feature-articles/luis-bunuels-el-in-the-face-of-cultural-appropriation-and-the-metoo-movement-a-filmmakers-reappraisal/">Senses of Cinema: Luis Buñuel's "El" in the Face of Cultural Appropriation and the #MeToo Movement: A Filmmaker's Reappraisal, by Salvador Carrasco</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theyshootpictures.com/bunuelluis.htm">They Shoot Pictures, Don't They?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Un_Chien_Andalou" title="Un Chien Andalou">Un Chien Andalou</a> (1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Age_d%27Or" title="L'Age d'Or">L'Age d'Or</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_Without_Bread" title="Land Without Bread">Land Without Bread</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gran_Casino" title="Gran Casino">Gran Casino</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Madcap" title="The Great Madcap">The Great Madcap</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Olvidados" title="Los Olvidados">Los Olvidados</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susana_(film)" title="Susana (film)">Susana</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daughter_of_Deceit" title="Daughter of Deceit">Daughter of Deceit</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_Bus_Ride" title="Mexican Bus Ride">Mexican Bus Ride</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Woman_Without_Love" title="A Woman Without Love">A Woman Without Love</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Bruto" title="El Bruto">El Bruto</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89l_(film)" title="Él (film)">Él</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illusion_Travels_by_Streetcar" title="Illusion Travels by Streetcar">Illusion Travels by Streetcar</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1954_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1954 film)">Wuthering Heights</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe_(1954_film)" title="Robinson Crusoe (1954 film)">Robinson Crusoe</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Criminal_Life_of_Archibaldo_de_la_Cruz" title="The Criminal Life of Archibaldo de la Cruz">The Criminal Life of Archibaldo de la Cruz</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_River_and_Death" title="The River and Death">The River and Death</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cela_s%27appelle_l%27aurore" title="Cela s'appelle l'aurore">Cela s'appelle l'aurore</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_in_the_Garden" title="Death in the Garden">Death in the Garden</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazar%C3%ADn" title="Nazarín">Nazarín</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Fi%C3%A8vre_Monte_%C3%A0_El_Pao" title="La Fièvre Monte à El Pao">La Fièvre Monte à El Pao</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Young_One" title="The Young One">The Young One</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viridiana" title="Viridiana">Viridiana</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exterminating_Angel" title="The Exterminating Angel">The Exterminating Angel</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diary_of_a_Chambermaid_(1964_film)" title="Diary of a Chambermaid (1964 film)">Diary of a Chambermaid</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_of_the_Desert" title="Simon of the Desert">Simon of the Desert</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belle_de_Jour_(film)" title="Belle de Jour (film)">Belle de Jour</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Milky_Way_(1969_film)" title="The Milky Way (1969 film)">The Milky Way</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristana_(film)" title="Tristana (film)">Tristana</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Discreet_Charm_of_the_Bourgeoisie" title="The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie">The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phantom_of_Liberty" title="The Phantom of Liberty">The Phantom of Liberty</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/That_Obscure_Object_of_Desire" title="That Obscure Object of Desire">That Obscure Object of Desire</a> (1977)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works about</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Little_Ashes" title="Little Ashes">Little Ashes</a> (2008 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bu%C3%B1uel_in_the_Labyrinth_of_the_Turtles" title="Buñuel in the Labyrinth of the Turtles">Buñuel in the Labyrinth of the Turtles</a> (2018 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Luis_Buñuel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Luis_Buñuel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Luis Buñuel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #EEDD82; text-align:center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Academy Award Best Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Academy Award Best Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_Best_Foreign_Language_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award Best Foreign Language Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_International_Feature_Film" title="Academy Award for Best International Feature Film">Academy Award for Best International Feature Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82; text-align:center;;width:1%">1947–1955 (Honorary)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1947: <a href="/wiki/Shoeshine_(film)" title="Shoeshine (film)">Shoeshine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> </li> <li>1948: <a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Vincent" title="Monsieur Vincent">Monsieur Vincent</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Cloche" title="Maurice Cloche">Maurice Cloche</a> </li> <li>1949: <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">Bicycle Thieves</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> </li> <li>1950: <a href="/wiki/The_Walls_of_Malapaga" title="The Walls of Malapaga">The Walls of Malapaga</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="René Clément">René Clément</a> </li> <li>1951: <a href="/wiki/Rashomon" title="Rashomon">Rashomon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> </li> <li>1952: <a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="René Clément">René Clément</a> </li> <li>1953: No Award</li> <li>1954: <a href="/wiki/Gate_of_Hell_(film)" title="Gate of Hell (film)">Gate of Hell</a> – <a href="/wiki/Teinosuke_Kinugasa" title="Teinosuke Kinugasa">Teinosuke Kinugasa</a></li> <li>1955: <a href="/wiki/Samurai_I:_Musashi_Miyamoto" title="Samurai I: Musashi Miyamoto">Samurai, The Legend of Musashi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Inagaki" title="Hiroshi Inagaki">Hiroshi Inagaki</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82; text-align:center;;width:1%">1956–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1956: <a href="/wiki/La_Strada" title="La Strada">La Strada</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> </li> <li>1957: <a href="/wiki/Nights_of_Cabiria" title="Nights of Cabiria">Nights of Cabiria</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> </li> <li>1958: <a href="/wiki/Mon_Oncle" title="Mon Oncle">My Uncle</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Tati" title="Jacques Tati">Jacques Tati</a> </li> <li>1959: <a href="/wiki/Black_Orpheus" title="Black Orpheus">Black Orpheus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Camus" title="Marcel Camus">Marcel Camus</a> </li> <li>1960: <a href="/wiki/The_Virgin_Spring" title="The Virgin Spring">The Virgin Spring</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a></li> <li>1961: <a href="/wiki/Through_a_Glass_Darkly_(film)" title="Through a Glass Darkly (film)">Through a Glass Darkly</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> </li> <li>1962: <a href="/wiki/Sundays_and_Cyb%C3%A8le" title="Sundays and Cybèle">Sundays and Cybèle</a> – <a href="/wiki/Serge_Bourguignon" title="Serge Bourguignon">Serge Bourguignon</a> </li> <li>1963: <a href="/wiki/8%C2%BD" title="8½">8½</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> </li> <li>1964: <a href="/wiki/Yesterday,_Today_and_Tomorrow" title="Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow">Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> </li> <li>1965: <a href="/wiki/The_Shop_on_Main_Street" title="The Shop on Main Street">The Shop on Main Street</a> – <a href="/wiki/J%C3%A1n_Kad%C3%A1r" title="Ján Kadár">Ján Kadár</a> & <a href="/wiki/Elmar_Klos" title="Elmar Klos">Elmar Klos</a> </li> <li>1966: <a href="/wiki/A_Man_and_a_Woman" title="A Man and a Woman">A Man and a Woman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Lelouch" title="Claude Lelouch">Claude Lelouch</a> </li> <li>1967: <a href="/wiki/Closely_Watched_Trains" title="Closely Watched Trains">Closely Watched Trains</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD_Menzel" title="Jiří Menzel">Jiří Menzel</a> </li> <li>1968: <a href="/wiki/War_and_Peace_(film_series)" title="War and Peace (film series)">War and Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Bondarchuk" title="Sergei Bondarchuk">Sergei Bondarchuk</a> </li> <li>1969: <a href="/wiki/Z_(1969_film)" title="Z (1969 film)">Z</a> – <a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> </li> <li>1970: <a href="/wiki/Investigation_of_a_Citizen_Above_Suspicion" title="Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion">Investigation of a Citizen Above Suspicion</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elio_Petri" title="Elio Petri">Elio Petri</a> </li> <li>1971: <a href="/wiki/The_Garden_of_the_Finzi-Continis_(film)" title="The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (film)">The Garden of the Finzi-Continis</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> </li> <li>1972: <a href="/wiki/The_Discreet_Charm_of_the_Bourgeoisie" title="The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie">The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie</a> – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a> </li> <li>1973: <a href="/wiki/Day_for_Night_(film)" title="Day for Night (film)">Day for Night</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> </li> <li>1974: <a href="/wiki/Amarcord" title="Amarcord">Amarcord</a> – <a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> </li> <li>1975: <a href="/wiki/Dersu_Uzala_(1975_film)" title="Dersu Uzala (1975 film)">Dersu Uzala</a> – <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82; text-align:center;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>1976: <a href="/wiki/Black_and_White_in_Color" title="Black and White in Color">Black and White in Color</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Annaud" title="Jean-Jacques Annaud">Jean-Jacques Annaud</a> </li> <li>1977: <a href="/wiki/Madame_Rosa" title="Madame Rosa">Madame Rosa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mosh%C3%A9_Mizrahi" title="Moshé Mizrahi">Moshé Mizrahi</a> </li> <li>1978: <a href="/wiki/Get_Out_Your_Handkerchiefs" title="Get Out Your Handkerchiefs">Get Out Your Handkerchiefs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier" title="Bertrand Blier">Bertrand Blier</a> </li> <li>1979: <a href="/wiki/The_Tin_Drum_(film)" title="The Tin Drum (film)">The Tin Drum</a> – <a href="/wiki/Volker_Schl%C3%B6ndorff" title="Volker Schlöndorff">Volker Schlöndorff</a> </li> <li>1980: <a href="/wiki/Moscow_Does_Not_Believe_in_Tears" title="Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears">Moscow Does Not Believe in Tears</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Menshov" title="Vladimir Menshov">Vladimir Menshov</a></li> <li>1981: <a href="/wiki/Mephisto_(1981_film)" title="Mephisto (1981 film)">Mephisto</a> – <a href="/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Szab%C3%B3" title="István Szabó">István Szabó</a> </li> <li>1982: <a href="/wiki/Begin_the_Beguine_(film)" title="Begin the Beguine (film)">Volver a Empezar ('To Begin Again')</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Luis_Garci" title="José Luis Garci">José Luis Garci</a> </li> <li>1983: <a href="/wiki/Fanny_and_Alexander" title="Fanny and Alexander">Fanny and Alexander</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> </li> <li>1984: <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_Moves" title="Dangerous Moves">Dangerous Moves</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_Dembo" title="Richard Dembo">Richard Dembo</a> </li> <li>1985: <a href="/wiki/The_Official_Story" title="The Official Story">The Official Story</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luis_Puenzo" title="Luis Puenzo">Luis Puenzo</a> </li> <li>1986: <a href="/wiki/The_Assault_(1986_film)" title="The Assault (1986 film)">The Assault</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fons_Rademakers" title="Fons Rademakers">Fons Rademakers</a> </li> <li>1987: <a href="/wiki/Babette%27s_Feast" title="Babette's Feast">Babette's Feast</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Axel" title="Gabriel Axel">Gabriel Axel</a> </li> <li>1988: <a href="/wiki/Pelle_the_Conqueror" title="Pelle the Conqueror">Pelle the Conqueror</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bille_August" title="Bille August">Bille August</a> </li> <li>1989: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_Paradiso" title="Cinema Paradiso">Cinema Paradiso</a> – <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Tornatore" title="Giuseppe Tornatore">Giuseppe Tornatore</a></li> <li>1990: <a href="/wiki/Journey_of_Hope" title="Journey of Hope">Journey of Hope</a> – <a href="/wiki/Xavier_Koller" title="Xavier Koller">Xavier Koller</a> </li> <li>1991: <a href="/wiki/Mediterraneo" title="Mediterraneo">Mediterraneo</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Salvatores" title="Gabriele Salvatores">Gabriele Salvatores</a> </li> <li>1992: <a href="/wiki/Indochine_(film)" title="Indochine (film)">Indochine</a> – <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gis_Wargnier" title="Régis Wargnier">Régis Wargnier</a> </li> <li>1993: <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque_(film)" title="Belle Époque (film)">Belle Époque</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Trueba" title="Fernando Trueba">Fernando Trueba</a> </li> <li>1994: <a href="/wiki/Burnt_by_the_Sun" title="Burnt by the Sun">Burnt by the Sun</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nikita_Mikhalkov" title="Nikita Mikhalkov">Nikita Mikhalkov</a> </li> <li>1995: <a href="/wiki/Antonia%27s_Line" title="Antonia's Line">Antonia's Line</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marleen_Gorris" title="Marleen Gorris">Marleen Gorris</a> </li> <li>1996: <a href="/wiki/Kolya_(film)" title="Kolya (film)">Kolya</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jan_Sv%C4%9Br%C3%A1k" title="Jan Svěrák">Jan Svěrák</a> </li> <li>1997: <a href="/wiki/Character_(film)" title="Character (film)">Character</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mike_van_Diem" title="Mike van Diem">Mike van Diem</a> </li> <li>1998: <a href="/wiki/Life_Is_Beautiful" title="Life Is Beautiful">Life Is Beautiful</a> – <a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> </li> <li>1999: <a href="/wiki/All_About_My_Mother" title="All About My Mother">All About My Mother</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> </li> <li>2000: <a href="/wiki/Crouching_Tiger,_Hidden_Dragon" title="Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon">Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #EEDD82; text-align:center;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>2001: <a href="/wiki/No_Man%27s_Land_(2001_film)" title="No Man's Land (2001 film)">No Man's Land</a> – <a href="/wiki/Danis_Tanovi%C4%87" title="Danis Tanović">Danis Tanović</a> </li> <li>2002: <a href="/wiki/Nowhere_in_Africa" title="Nowhere in Africa">Nowhere in Africa</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Link" title="Caroline Link">Caroline Link</a> </li> <li>2003: <a href="/wiki/The_Barbarian_Invasions" title="The Barbarian Invasions">The Barbarian Invasions</a> – <a href="/wiki/Denys_Arcand" title="Denys Arcand">Denys Arcand</a> </li> <li>2004: <a href="/wiki/The_Sea_Inside" title="The Sea Inside">The Sea Inside</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Amen%C3%A1bar" title="Alejandro Amenábar">Alejandro Amenábar</a> </li> <li>2005: <a href="/wiki/Tsotsi" title="Tsotsi">Tsotsi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Hood" title="Gavin Hood">Gavin Hood</a> </li> <li>2006: <a href="/wiki/The_Lives_of_Others" title="The Lives of Others">The Lives of Others</a> – <a href="/wiki/Florian_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck" title="Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck">Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck</a> </li> <li>2007: <a href="/wiki/The_Counterfeiters_(2007_film)" title="The Counterfeiters (2007 film)">The Counterfeiters</a> – <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Ruzowitzky" title="Stefan Ruzowitzky">Stefan Ruzowitzky</a> </li> <li>2008: <a href="/wiki/Departures_(2008_film)" title="Departures (2008 film)">Departures</a> – <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Djir%C5%8D_Takita" title="Yōjirō Takita">Yōjirō Takita</a> </li> <li>2009: <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_in_Their_Eyes" title="The Secret in Their Eyes">The Secret in Their Eyes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Juan_Jos%C3%A9_Campanella" title="Juan José Campanella">Juan José Campanella</a> </li> <li>2010: <a href="/wiki/In_a_Better_World" title="In a Better World">In a Better World</a> – <a href="/wiki/Susanne_Bier" title="Susanne Bier">Susanne Bier</a> </li> <li>2011: <a href="/wiki/A_Separation" title="A Separation">A Separation</a> – <a href="/wiki/Asghar_Farhadi" title="Asghar Farhadi">Asghar Farhadi</a> </li> <li>2012: <a href="/wiki/Amour_(2012_film)" title="Amour (2012 film)">Amour</a> – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a></li> <li>2013: <a href="/wiki/The_Great_Beauty" title="The Great Beauty">The Great Beauty</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Sorrentino" title="Paolo Sorrentino">Paolo Sorrentino</a></li> <li>2014: <a href="/wiki/Ida_(film)" title="Ida (film)">Ida</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Pawlikowski" title="Paweł Pawlikowski">Paweł Pawlikowski</a></li> <li>2015: <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Saul" title="Son of Saul">Son of Saul</a> – <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3_Nemes" title="László Nemes">László Nemes</a></li> <li>2016: <a href="/wiki/The_Salesman_(2016_film)" title="The Salesman (2016 film)">The Salesman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Asghar_Farhadi" title="Asghar Farhadi">Asghar Farhadi</a></li> <li>2017: <a href="/wiki/A_Fantastic_Woman" title="A Fantastic Woman">A Fantastic Woman</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sebasti%C3%A1n_Lelio" title="Sebastián Lelio">Sebastián Lelio</a></li> <li>2018: <a href="/wiki/Roma_(2018_film)" title="Roma (2018 film)">Roma</a> – <a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a></li> <li>2019: <a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)">Parasite</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a></li> <li>2020: <a href="/wiki/Another_Round" title="Another Round">Another Round</a> – <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vinterberg" title="Thomas Vinterberg">Thomas Vinterberg</a></li> <li>2021: <a href="/wiki/Drive_My_Car_(film)" title="Drive My Car (film)">Drive My Car</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ryusuke_Hamaguchi" title="Ryusuke Hamaguchi">Ryusuke Hamaguchi</a></li> <li>2022: <a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(2022_film)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 film)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a> – <a href="/wiki/Edward_Berger" title="Edward Berger">Edward Berger</a></li> <li>2023: <a href="/wiki/The_Zone_of_Interest_(film)" title="The Zone of Interest (film)">The Zone of Interest</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay">BAFTA Award for Best Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calder_Willingham" title="Calder Willingham">Calder Willingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buck_Henry" title="Buck Henry">Buck Henry</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Pinter" title="Harold Pinter">Harold Pinter</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> / <a href="/wiki/Larry_McMurtry" title="Larry McMurtry">Larry McMurtry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a> (1972)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Carri%C3%A8re" title="Jean-Claude Carrière">Jean-Claude Carrière</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne">Robert Towne</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Getchell" title="Robert Getchell">Robert Getchell</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Sargent" title="Alvin Sargent">Alvin Sargent</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Kosi%C5%84ski" title="Jerzy Kosiński">Jerzy Kosiński</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Forsyth" title="Bill Forsyth">Bill Forsyth</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Donald_E._Stewart" title="Donald E. Stewart">Donald E. Stewart</a> (1982)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Director_Award" title="Template:Cannes Film Festival Best Director Award"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Director_Award" title="Template talk:Cannes Film Festival Best Director Award"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes_Film_Festival_Best_Director_Award" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cannes Film Festival Best Director Award"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director">Cannes Film Festival Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1946–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="René Clément">René Clément</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Cl%C3%A9ment" title="René Clément">René Clément</a> (1949)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian-Jaque" title="Christian-Jaque">Christian-Jaque</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Dassin" title="Jules Dassin">Jules Dassin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Vasilyev_(director)" title="Sergei Vasilyev (director)">Sergei Vasilyev</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yutkevich" title="Sergei Yutkevich">Sergei Yutkevich</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuliya_Solntseva" title="Yuliya Solntseva">Yuliya Solntseva</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liviu_Ciulei" title="Liviu Ciulei">Liviu Ciulei</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yutkevich" title="Sergei Yutkevich">Sergei Yutkevich</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferenc_K%C3%B3sa" title="Ferenc Kósa">Ferenc Kósa</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojt%C4%9Bch_Jasn%C3%BD" title="Vojtěch Jasný">Vojtěch Jasný</a> / <a href="/wiki/Glauber_Rocha" title="Glauber Rocha">Glauber Rocha</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Jancs%C3%B3" title="Miklós Jancsó">Miklós Jancsó</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Brault" title="Michel Brault">Michel Brault</a> / <a href="/wiki/Costa-Gavras" title="Costa-Gavras">Costa-Gavras</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ettore_Scola" title="Ettore Scola">Ettore Scola</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nagisa_%C5%8Cshima" title="Nagisa Ōshima">Nagisa Ōshima</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Herzog" title="Werner Herzog">Werner Herzog</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Andrei Tarkovsky</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Tavernier" title="Bertrand Tavernier">Bertrand Tavernier</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_T%C3%A9chin%C3%A9" title="André Téchiné">André Téchiné</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wim_Wenders" title="Wim Wenders">Wim Wenders</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Solanas" title="Fernando Solanas">Fernando Solanas</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emir_Kusturica" title="Emir Kusturica">Emir Kusturica</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Lungin" title="Pavel Lungin">Pavel Lungin</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanni_Moretti" title="Nanni Moretti">Nanni Moretti</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Kassovitz" title="Mathieu Kassovitz">Mathieu Kassovitz</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wong_Kar-wai" title="Wong Kar-wai">Wong Kar-wai</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Yang" title="Edward Yang">Edward Yang</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> / <a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson" title="Paul Thomas Anderson">Paul Thomas Anderson</a> / <a href="/wiki/Im_Kwon-taek" title="Im Kwon-taek">Im Kwon-taek</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Gatlif" title="Tony Gatlif">Tony Gatlif</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Gonz%C3%A1lez_I%C3%B1%C3%A1rritu" title="Alejandro González Iñárritu">Alejandro González Iñárritu</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Schnabel" title="Julian Schnabel">Julian Schnabel</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_Bilge_Ceylan" title="Nuri Bilge Ceylan">Nuri Bilge Ceylan</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brillante_Mendoza" title="Brillante Mendoza">Brillante Mendoza</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mathieu_Amalric" title="Mathieu Amalric">Mathieu Amalric</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Winding_Refn" title="Nicolas Winding Refn">Nicolas Winding Refn</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlos_Reygadas" title="Carlos Reygadas">Carlos Reygadas</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amat_Escalante" title="Amat Escalante">Amat Escalante</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bennett_Miller" title="Bennett Miller">Bennett Miller</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hou_Hsiao-hsien" title="Hou Hsiao-hsien">Hou Hsiao-hsien</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Assayas" title="Olivier Assayas">Olivier Assayas</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cristian_Mungiu" title="Cristian Mungiu">Cristian Mungiu</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawe%C5%82_Pawlikowski" title="Paweł Pawlikowski">Paweł Pawlikowski</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dardenne_brothers" title="Dardenne brothers">Dardenne brothers</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leos_Carax" title="Leos Carax">Leos Carax</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Chan-wook" title="Park Chan-wook">Park Chan-wook</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tran_Anh_Hung" title="Tran Anh Hung">Tran Anh Hung</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miguel_Gomes_(director)" title="Miguel Gomes (director)">Miguel Gomes</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template:Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Template talk:Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Lion_for_Lifetime_Achievement" title="Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement">Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1969–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Carn%C3%A9" title="Marcel Carné">Marcel Carné</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Charlie Chaplin</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anatoli_Golovnya" title="Anatoli Golovnya">Anatoli Golovnya</a> / <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wilder" title="Billy Wilder">Billy Wilder</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Blasetti" title="Alessandro Blasetti">Alessandro Blasetti</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frank_Capra" title="Frank Capra">Frank Capra</a> / <a href="/wiki/George_Cukor" title="George Cukor">George Cukor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jean-Luc_Godard" title="Jean-Luc Godard">Jean-Luc Godard</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Kluge" title="Alexander Kluge">Alexander Kluge</a> / <a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> / <a href="/wiki/Michael_Powell" title="Michael Powell">Michael Powell</a> / <a href="/wiki/Satyajit_Ray" title="Satyajit Ray">Satyajit Ray</a> / <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Yutkevich" title="Sergei Yutkevich">Sergei Yutkevich</a> / <a href="/wiki/Cesare_Zavattini" title="Cesare Zavattini">Cesare Zavattini</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federico_Fellini" title="Federico Fellini">Federico Fellini</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Vittorio_Taviani" title="Paolo and Vittorio Taviani">Paolo and Vittorio Taviani</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Comencini" title="Luigi Comencini">Luigi Comencini</a> / <a href="/wiki/Joseph_L._Mankiewicz" title="Joseph L. Mankiewicz">Joseph L. Mankiewicz</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joris_Ivens" title="Joris Ivens">Joris Ivens</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikl%C3%B3s_Jancs%C3%B3" title="Miklós Jancsó">Miklós Jancsó</a> / <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Monicelli" title="Mario Monicelli">Mario Monicelli</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gian_Maria_Volont%C3%A9" title="Gian Maria Volonté">Gian Maria Volonté</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jeanne_Moreau" title="Jeanne Moreau">Jeanne Moreau</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Villaggio" title="Paolo Villaggio">Paolo Villaggio</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudia_Cardinale" title="Claudia Cardinale">Claudia Cardinale</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a> / <a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> / <a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suso_Cecchi_d%27Amico" title="Suso Cecchi d'Amico">Suso Cecchi d'Amico</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ken_Loach" title="Ken Loach">Ken Loach</a> / <a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_De_Santis" title="Giuseppe De Santis">Giuseppe De Santis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Goffredo_Lombardo" title="Goffredo Lombardo">Goffredo Lombardo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Ennio_Morricone" title="Ennio Morricone">Ennio Morricone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alain_Resnais" title="Alain Resnais">Alain Resnais</a> / <a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alberto_Sordi" title="Alberto Sordi">Alberto Sordi</a> / <a href="/wiki/Monica_Vitti" title="Monica Vitti">Monica Vitti</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vittorio_Gassman" title="Vittorio Gassman">Vittorio Gassman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Dustin_Hoffman" title="Dustin Hoffman">Dustin Hoffman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Morgan" title="Michèle Morgan">Michèle Morgan</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Depardieu" title="Gérard Depardieu">Gérard Depardieu</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> / <a href="/wiki/Alida_Valli" title="Alida Valli">Alida Valli</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sophia_Loren" title="Sophia Loren">Sophia Loren</a> / <a href="/wiki/Andrzej_Wajda" title="Andrzej Wajda">Andrzej Wajda</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lewis" title="Jerry Lewis">Jerry Lewis</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89ric_Rohmer" title="Éric Rohmer">Éric Rohmer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_Risi" title="Dino Risi">Dino Risi</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dino_De_Laurentiis" title="Dino De Laurentiis">Dino De Laurentiis</a> / <a href="/wiki/Omar_Sharif" title="Omar Sharif">Omar Sharif</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manoel_de_Oliveira" title="Manoel de Oliveira">Manoel de Oliveira</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Donen" title="Stanley Donen">Stanley Donen</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki" title="Hayao Miyazaki">Hayao Miyazaki</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stefania_Sandrelli" title="Stefania Sandrelli">Stefania Sandrelli</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ermanno_Olmi" title="Ermanno Olmi">Ermanno Olmi</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lasseter" title="John Lasseter">John Lasseter</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Woo" title="John Woo">John Woo</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Bellocchio" title="Marco Bellocchio">Marco Bellocchio</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Rosi" title="Francesco Rosi">Francesco Rosi</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Friedkin" title="William Friedkin">William Friedkin</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thelma_Schoonmaker" title="Thelma Schoonmaker">Thelma Schoonmaker</a> / <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wiseman" title="Frederick Wiseman">Frederick Wiseman</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Tavernier" title="Bertrand Tavernier">Bertrand Tavernier</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Belmondo" title="Jean-Paul Belmondo">Jean-Paul Belmondo</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jerzy_Skolimowski" title="Jerzy Skolimowski">Jerzy Skolimowski</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Fonda" title="Jane Fonda">Jane Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> / <a href="/wiki/Vanessa_Redgrave" title="Vanessa Redgrave">Vanessa Redgrave</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Almod%C3%B3var" title="Pedro Almodóvar">Pedro Almodóvar</a> / <a href="/wiki/Julie_Andrews" title="Julie Andrews">Julie Andrews</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Hui" title="Ann Hui">Ann Hui</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tilda_Swinton" title="Tilda Swinton">Tilda Swinton</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Benigni" title="Roberto Benigni">Roberto Benigni</a> / <a href="/wiki/Jamie_Lee_Curtis" title="Jamie Lee Curtis">Jamie Lee Curtis</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Deneuve" title="Catherine Deneuve">Catherine Deneuve</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Schrader" title="Paul Schrader">Paul Schrader</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liliana_Cavani" title="Liliana Cavani">Liliana Cavani</a> / <a href="/wiki/Tony_Leung_Chiu-wai" title="Tony Leung Chiu-wai">Tony Leung Chiu-wai</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sigourney_Weaver" title="Sigourney Weaver">Sigourney Weaver</a> / <a href="/wiki/Peter_Weir" title="Peter Weir">Peter Weir</a> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Director">National Board of Review Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1945–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Renoir" title="Jean Renoir">Jean Renoir</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Rossellini" title="Roberto Rossellini">Roberto Rossellini</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vittorio_De_Sica" title="Vittorio De Sica">Vittorio De Sica</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stevens" title="George Stevens">George Stevens</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renato_Castellani" title="Renato Castellani">Renato Castellani</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Cardiff" title="Jack Cardiff">Jack Cardiff</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Clayton" title="Jack Clayton">Jack Clayton</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Richardson" title="Tony Richardson">Tony Richardson</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Davis" title="Desmond Davis">Desmond Davis</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Brooks" title="Richard Brooks">Richard Brooks</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_Zeffirelli" title="Franco Zeffirelli">Franco Zeffirelli</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Alfred Hitchcock</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ken_Russell" title="Ken Russell">Ken Russell</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Fosse" title="Bob Fosse">Bob Fosse</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Kubrick" title="Stanley Kubrick">Stanley Kubrick</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alan_J._Pakula" title="Alan J. Pakula">Alan J. Pakula</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Schlesinger" title="John Schlesinger">John Schlesinger</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Redford" title="Robert Redford">Robert Redford</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Lumet" title="Sidney Lumet">Sidney Lumet</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akira_Kurosawa" title="Akira Kurosawa">Akira Kurosawa</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Parker" title="Alan Parker">Alan Parker</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Branagh" title="Kenneth Branagh">Kenneth Branagh</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Costner" title="Kevin Costner">Kevin Costner</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Demme" title="Jonathan Demme">Jonathan Demme</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Ivory" title="James Ivory">James Ivory</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shekhar_Kapur" title="Shekhar Kapur">Shekhar Kapur</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Minghella" title="Anthony Minghella">Anthony Minghella</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Field" title="Todd Field">Todd Field</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Noyce" title="Phillip Noyce">Phillip Noyce</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Zwick" title="Edward Zwick">Edward Zwick</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Mann" title="Michael Mann">Michael Mann</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ang_Lee" title="Ang Lee">Ang Lee</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Burton" title="Tim Burton">Tim Burton</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridley_Scott" title="Ridley Scott">Ridley Scott</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Cooper" title="Bradley Cooper">Bradley Cooper</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Lee" title="Spike Lee">Spike Lee</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson" title="Paul Thomas Anderson">Paul Thomas Anderson</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Director" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Template talk:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Director" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Society_of_Film_Critics_Award_for_Best_Director" title="National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director">National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Director</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1966–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo_Antonioni" title="Michelangelo Antonioni">Michelangelo Antonioni</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingmar_Bergman" title="Ingmar Bergman">Ingmar Bergman</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernardo_Bertolucci" title="Bernardo Bertolucci">Bernardo Bertolucci</a> (1971)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Truffaut" title="François Truffaut">François Truffaut</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1976)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Malle" title="Louis Malle">Louis Malle</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Vittorio_Taviani" title="Paolo and Vittorio Taviani">Paolo Taviani and Vittorio Taviani</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bresson" title="Robert Bresson">Robert Bresson</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Huston" title="John Huston">John Huston</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Lynch" title="David Lynch">David Lynch</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boorman" title="John Boorman">John Boorman</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Kaufman" title="Philip Kaufman">Philip Kaufman</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_Van_Sant" title="Gus Van Sant">Gus Van Sant</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Scorsese" title="Martin Scorsese">Martin Scorsese</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Spielberg" title="Steven Spielberg">Steven Spielberg</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quentin_Tarantino" title="Quentin Tarantino">Quentin Tarantino</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Figgis" title="Mike Figgis">Mike Figgis</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_von_Trier" title="Lars von Trier">Lars von Trier</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Hanson" title="Curtis Hanson">Curtis Hanson</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Soderbergh" title="Steven Soderbergh">Steven Soderbergh</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Altman" title="Robert Altman">Robert Altman</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Polanski" title="Roman Polanski">Roman Polanski</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clint_Eastwood" title="Clint Eastwood">Clint Eastwood</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhang_Yimou" title="Zhang Yimou">Zhang Yimou</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cronenberg" title="David Cronenberg">David Cronenberg</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Greengrass" title="Paul Greengrass">Paul Greengrass</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Thomas_Anderson" title="Paul Thomas Anderson">Paul Thomas Anderson</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Leigh" title="Mike Leigh">Mike Leigh</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kathryn_Bigelow" title="Kathryn Bigelow">Kathryn Bigelow</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fincher" title="David Fincher">David Fincher</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrence_Malick" title="Terrence Malick">Terrence Malick</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Haneke" title="Michael Haneke">Michael Haneke</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen and Ethan Coen</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Linklater" title="Richard Linklater">Richard Linklater</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haynes" title="Todd Haynes">Todd Haynes</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfonso_Cuar%C3%B3n" title="Alfonso Cuarón">Alfonso Cuarón</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greta_Gerwig" title="Greta Gerwig">Greta Gerwig</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlo%C3%A9_Zhao" title="Chloé Zhao">Chloé Zhao</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryusuke_Hamaguchi" title="Ryusuke Hamaguchi">Ryusuke Hamaguchi</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlotte_Wells" title="Charlotte Wells">Charlotte Wells</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Glazer" title="Jonathan Glazer">Jonathan Glazer</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Surrealism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Surrealism" title="Template:Surrealism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Surrealism" title="Template talk:Surrealism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Surrealism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Surrealism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Surrealism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Agar" title="Eileen Agar">Eileen Agar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Arp" title="Jean Arp">Jean Arp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Atget" title="Eugène Atget">Eugène Atget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Bellmer" title="Hans Bellmer">Hans Bellmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Andr%C3%A9_Boiffard" title="Jacques-André Boiffard">Jacques-André Boiffard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Brandt" title="Bill Brandt">Bill Brandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Brauner" title="Victor Brauner">Victor Brauner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fanny_Brennan" title="Fanny Brennan">Fanny Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmy_Bridgwater" title="Emmy Bridgwater">Emmy Bridgwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Brunius" title="Jacques Brunius">Jacques Brunius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Luis Buñuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Cahun" title="Claude Cahun">Claude Cahun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonora_Carrington" title="Leonora Carrington">Leonora Carrington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ithell_Colquhoun" title="Ithell Colquhoun">Ithell Colquhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gala_Dal%C3%AD" title="Gala Dalí">Gala Dalí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Dallaire" title="Jean Dallaire">Jean Dallaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Delvaux" title="Paul Delvaux">Paul Delvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Dom%C3%ADnguez" title="Óscar Domínguez">Óscar Domínguez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Dotremont" title="Christian Dotremont">Christian Dotremont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duchamp" title="Marcel Duchamp">Marcel Duchamp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Duhamel" title="Marcel Duhamel">Marcel Duhamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Echtermeyer" title="Curt Echtermeyer">Curt Echtermeyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Ernst" title="Max Ernst">Max Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonor_Fini" title="Leonor Fini">Leonor Fini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Onslow_Ford" title="Gordon Onslow Ford">Gordon Onslow Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esteban_Franc%C3%A9s" title="Esteban Francés">Esteban Francés</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Giacometti" title="Alberto Giacometti">Alberto Giacometti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julio_Gonz%C3%A1lez_(sculptor)" title="Julio González (sculptor)">Julio González</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Graverol" title="Jane Graverol">Jane Graverol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_H%C3%A9rold" title="Jacques Hérold">Jacques Hérold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valentine_Hugo" title="Valentine Hugo">Valentine Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frida_Kahlo" title="Frida Kahlo">Frida Kahlo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerome_Kamrowski" title="Gerome Kamrowski">Gerome Kamrowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wifredo_Lam" title="Wifredo Lam">Wifredo Lam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Lamba" title="Jacqueline Lamba">Jacqueline Lamba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dora_Maar" title="Dora Maar">Dora Maar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conroy_Maddox" title="Conroy Maddox">Conroy Maddox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Magritte" title="René Magritte">René Magritte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Malkine" title="Georges Malkine">Georges Malkine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Mari%C3%ABn" title="Marcel Mariën">Marcel Mariën</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Masson" title="André Masson">André Masson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Matta" title="Roberto Matta">Roberto Matta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikul%C3%A1%C5%A1_Medek" title="Mikuláš Medek">Mikuláš Medek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Mellor" title="Oscar Mellor">Oscar Mellor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Melville" title="John Melville">John Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._L._T._Mesens" title="E. L. T. Mesens">E. L. T. Mesens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Miller" title="Lee Miller">Lee Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmond_Morris" title="Desmond Morris">Desmond Morris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Mir%C3%B3" title="Joan Miró">Joan Miró</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ret_Oppenheim" title="Méret Oppenheim">Méret Oppenheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Paalen" title="Wolfgang Paalen">Wolfgang Paalen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjam%C3%ADn_Palencia" title="Benjamín Palencia">Benjamín Palencia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Penrose" title="Roland Penrose">Roland Penrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_Ray" title="Man Ray">Man Ray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toni_del_Renzio" title="Toni del Renzio">Toni del Renzio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aminollah_Rezaei" title="Aminollah Rezaei">Aminollah Rezaei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kay_Sage" title="Kay Sage">Kay Sage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurt_Seligmann" title="Kurt Seligmann">Kurt Seligmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Souris" title="André Souris">André Souris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Stejskal" title="Martin Stejskal">Martin Stejskal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jind%C5%99ich_%C5%A0tyrsk%C3%BD" title="Jindřich Štyrský">Jindřich Štyrský</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Tabard" title="Maurice Tabard">Maurice Tabard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Tanguy" title="Yves Tanguy">Yves Tanguy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Tanning" title="Dorothea Tanning">Dorothea Tanning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karel_Teige" title="Karel Teige">Karel Teige</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kristians_Tonny" title="Kristians Tonny">Kristians Tonny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyen" title="Toyen">Toyen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Valentin" title="Albert Valentin">Albert Valentin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remedios_Varo" title="Remedios Varo">Remedios Varo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_F._Walker" title="James F. Walker">James F. Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radojica_%C5%BDivanovi%C4%87_Noe" title="Radojica Živanović Noe">Radojica Živanović Noe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unica_Z%C3%BCrn" title="Unica Zürn">Unica Zürn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writers and theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maxime_Moses_Alexandre" title="Maxime Moses Alexandre">Maxime Moses Alexandre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Apollinaire" title="Guillaume Apollinaire">Guillaume Apollinaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Aragon" title="Louis Aragon">Louis Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Artaud" title="Antonin Artaud">Antonin Artaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Baron" title="Jacques Baron">Jacques Baron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Bataille" title="Georges Bataille">Georges Bataille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monny_de_Boully" title="Monny de Boully">Monny de Boully</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Breton" title="André Breton">André Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Caillois" title="Roger Caillois">Roger Caillois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Calas" title="Nicolas Calas">Nicolas Calas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Crevel" title="René Crevel">René Crevel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Daumal" title="René Daumal">René Daumal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Desnos" title="Robert Desnos">Robert Desnos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vratislav_Effenberger" title="Vratislav Effenberger">Vratislav Effenberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_%C3%89luard" title="Paul Éluard">Paul Éluard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Gauthier" title="Renée Gauthier">Renée Gauthier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Gilbert-Lecomte" title="Roger Gilbert-Lecomte">Roger Gilbert-Lecomte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvan_Goll" title="Yvan Goll">Yvan Goll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julien_Gracq" title="Julien Gracq">Julien Gracq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Hamoir" title="Irène Hamoir">Irène Hamoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Hugnet" title="Georges Hugnet">Georges Hugnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Jarry" title="Alfred Jarry">Alfred Jarry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelly_Kaplan" title="Nelly Kaplan">Nelly Kaplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petr_Kr%C3%A1l" title="Petr Král">Petr Král</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lacan" title="Jacques Lacan">Jacques Lacan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Lamantia" title="Philip Lamantia">Philip Lamantia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comte_de_Lautr%C3%A9amont" title="Comte de Lautréamont">Comte de Lautréamont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcel_Lecomte" title="Marcel Lecomte">Marcel Lecomte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Leiris" title="Michel Leiris">Michel Leiris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Limbour" title="Georges Limbour">Georges Limbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Malet" title="Léo Malet">Léo Malet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Mansour" title="Joyce Mansour">Joyce Mansour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Du%C5%A1an_Mati%C4%87" title="Dušan Matić">Dušan Matić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Melville_(art_critic)" title="Robert Melville (art critic)">Robert Melville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_M%C3%A9nil" title="René Ménil">René Ménil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Morise" title="Max Morise">Max Morise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Naville" title="Pierre Naville">Pierre Naville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADt%C4%9Bzslav_Nezval" title="Vítězslav Nezval">Vítězslav Nezval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Noug%C3%A9" title="Paul Nougé">Paul Nougé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_P%C4%83un" title="Paul Păun">Paul Păun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_P%C3%A9ret" title="Benjamin Péret">Benjamin Péret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastko_Petrovi%C4%87" title="Rastko Petrović">Rastko Petrović</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ponge" title="Francis Ponge">Francis Ponge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pr%C3%A9vert" title="Jacques Prévert">Jacques Prévert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Queneau" title="Raymond Queneau">Raymond Queneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Read" title="Herbert Read">Herbert Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Reverdy" title="Pierre Reverdy">Pierre Reverdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marko_Risti%C4%87_(surrealist)" title="Marko Ristić (surrealist)">Marko Ristić</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georges_Sadoul" title="Georges Sadoul">Georges Sadoul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Scutenaire" title="Louis Scutenaire">Louis Scutenaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_Soupault" title="Philippe Soupault">Philippe Soupault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Watson_Taylor_(surrealist)" title="Simon Watson Taylor (surrealist)">Simon Watson Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Thirion" title="André Thirion">André Thirion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas" title="Dylan Thomas">Dylan Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_Tzara" title="Tristan Tzara">Tristan Tzara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Vach%C3%A9" title="Jacques Vaché">Jacques Vaché</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marianne_Van_Hirtum" title="Marianne Van Hirtum">Marianne Van Hirtum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Vitrac" title="Roger Vitrac">Roger Vitrac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ac%C3%A9phale" title="Acéphale">Acéphale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Automatistes" title="Les Automatistes">Les Automatistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Surrealists" title="Birmingham Surrealists">Birmingham Surrealists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Surrealist_Group" title="British Surrealist Group">British Surrealist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Surrealist_Research" title="Bureau of Surrealist Research">Bureau of Surrealist Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Imagists" title="Chicago Imagists">Chicago Imagists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Surrealist_Group" title="Chicago Surrealist Group">Chicago Surrealist Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dau_al_Set" title="Dau al Set">Dau al Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fighting_Cock_Society" title="Fighting Cock Society">Fighting Cock Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Firesign_Theatre" title="The Firesign Theatre">The Firesign Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Goon_Show" title="The Goon Show">The Goons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grup_d%27Elx" title="Grup d'Elx">Grup d'Elx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Mandr%C3%A1gora" title="La Mandrágora">La Mandrágora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monty_Python" title="Monty Python">Monty Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Refus_Global" title="Refus Global">Refus Global</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Surrealist_Group_in_Stockholm" title="The Surrealist Group in Stockholm">The Surrealist Group in Stockholm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_Manifesto" title="Surrealist Manifesto">Surrealist Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_automatism" title="Surrealist automatism">Surrealist automatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_cinema" title="Surrealist cinema">Surrealist cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_music" title="Surrealist music">Surrealist music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealist_techniques" title="Surrealist techniques">Surrealist techniques</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surreal_humour" title="Surreal humour">Surreal humour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposition_Internationale_du_Surr%C3%A9alisme" title="Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme">Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_International_Surrealist_Exhibition" title="London International Surrealist Exhibition">London International Surrealist Exhibition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_surrealists" title="Women surrealists">Women surrealists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_expressionism" title="Abstract expressionism">Abstract expressionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paranoiac-critical_method" title="Paranoiac-critical method">Paranoiac-critical method</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000122812593">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68926369">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500074770">ULAN</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/dcd99496-36a0-4715-9441-ab4c8af6cbdf">MusicBrainz</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/211715">RKD Artists</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/artists/31258">Museum of Modern Art</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pic.nypl.org/constituents/284201">Photographers' Identities</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/797610">Trove</a></li><li><a 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cirrhosis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Best_Foreign_Language_Film_Academy_Award_winners" title="Category:Directors of Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award winners">Directors of Best Foreign Language Film Academy Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Golden_Lion_winners" title="Category:Directors of Golden Lion winners">Directors of Golden Lion winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Directors_of_Palme_d%27Or_winners" title="Category:Directors of Palme d'Or winners">Directors of Palme d'Or winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Exiles_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War_in_Mexico" title="Category:Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico">Exiles of the Spanish Civil War in Mexico</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Film_directors_from_Aragon" title="Category:Film directors from Aragon">Film directors from Aragon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:French_atheists" title="Category:French atheists">French atheists</a></li><li><a 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