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overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; -webkit-line-clamp: 3; -webkit-box-orient: vertical; }</style><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><div class="u-floatLeft"><h1 class="PageHeader-title u-m0x u-fs30">Ratio</h1><div class="u-tcGrayDark">409 Followers</div><div class="u-tcGrayDark u-mt2x">Recent papers in <b>Ratio</b></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="TabbedNavigation"><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12 clearfix"><ul class="nav u-m0x u-p0x list-inline u-displayFlex"><li class="active"><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Top Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio/MostCited">Most Cited Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio/MostDownloaded">Most Downloaded Papers</a></li><li><a href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio/MostRecent">Newest Papers</a></li><li><a class="" href="https://www.academia.edu/People/Ratio">People</a></li></ul></div><style type="text/css">ul.nav{flex-direction:row}@media(max-width: 567px){ul.nav{flex-direction:column}.TabbedNavigation li{max-width:100%}.TabbedNavigation li.active{background-color:var(--background-grey, #dddde2)}.TabbedNavigation li.active:before,.TabbedNavigation li.active:after{display:none}}</style></div></div></div><div class="container"><div class="row"><div class="col-xs-12"><div class="u-displayFlex"><div class="u-flexGrow1"><div class="works"><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_51052804" data-work_id="51052804" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/51052804/Effects_of_metabolic_modulation_by_trimetazidine_on_left_ventricular_function_and_phosphocreatine_adenosine_triphosphate_ratio_in_patients_with_heart_failure">Effects of metabolic modulation by trimetazidine on left ventricular function and phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio in patients with heart failure</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The addition of trimetazidine to standard treatment has been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) function in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study is to non-invasively assess, by means of in vivo 31 P-magnetic resonance... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_51052804" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The addition of trimetazidine to standard treatment has been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) function in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study is to non-invasively assess, by means of in vivo 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31 P-MRS), the effects of trimetazidine on LV cardiac phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio in patients with heart failure. Methods and results Twelve heart failure patients were randomized in a double-blind, cross-over study to placebo or trimetazidine (20 mg t.i.d.) for two periods of 90 days. At the end of each period, all patients underwent exercise testing, 2D echocardiography, and MRS. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, ejection fraction (EF), maximal rate-pressure product, and metabolic equivalent system (METS) were evaluated. Relative concentrations of PCr and ATP were determined by cardiac 31 P-MRS. On trimetazidine, NYHA class decreased from 3.04 + 0.26 to 2.45 + 0.52 (P ¼ 0.005), whereas EF (34 + 10 vs. 39 + 10%, P ¼ 0.03) and METS (from 7.44 + 1.84 to 8.78 + 2.72, P ¼ 0.03) increased. The mean cardiac PCr/ATP ratio was 1.35 + 0.33 with placebo, but was increased by 33% to 1.80 + 0.50 (P ¼ 0.03) with trimetazidine. Conclusion Trimetazidine improves functional class and LV function in patients with heart failure. These effects are associated to the observed trimetazidine-induced increase in the PCr/ATP ratio, indicating preservation of the myocardial high-energy phosphate levels.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/51052804" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="76ac1ea7b464619e06dc1835e6ad3d09" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":68914968,"asset_id":51052804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/68914968/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="71650379" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GianlucaPerseghin">Gianluca Perseghin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="71650379" type="text/json">{"id":71650379,"first_name":"Gianluca","last_name":"Perseghin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GianlucaPerseghin","display_name":"Gianluca Perseghin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GianlucaPerseghin?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_51052804 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="51052804"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 51052804, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_51052804", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=51052804]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_51052804").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_51052804").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="51052804"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="606" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiology">Cardiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="606" type="text/json">{"id":606,"name":"Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="24925" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modulation">Modulation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="24925" type="text/json">{"id":24925,"name":"Modulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modulation?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="46824" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography">Echocardiography</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="46824" type="text/json">{"id":46824,"name":"Echocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49633" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Failure">Heart Failure</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="49633" type="text/json">{"id":49633,"name":"Heart Failure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heart_Failure?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=51052804]'), work: {"id":51052804,"title":"Effects of metabolic modulation by trimetazidine on left ventricular function and phosphocreatine/adenosine triphosphate ratio in patients with heart failure","created_at":"2021-08-28T02:36:38.166-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/51052804/Effects_of_metabolic_modulation_by_trimetazidine_on_left_ventricular_function_and_phosphocreatine_adenosine_triphosphate_ratio_in_patients_with_heart_failure?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_51052804","summary":"The addition of trimetazidine to standard treatment has been shown to improve left ventricular (LV) function in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study is to non-invasively assess, by means of in vivo 31 P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31 P-MRS), the effects of trimetazidine on LV cardiac phosphocreatine and adenosine triphosphate (PCr/ATP) ratio in patients with heart failure. Methods and results Twelve heart failure patients were randomized in a double-blind, cross-over study to placebo or trimetazidine (20 mg t.i.d.) for two periods of 90 days. At the end of each period, all patients underwent exercise testing, 2D echocardiography, and MRS. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class, ejection fraction (EF), maximal rate-pressure product, and metabolic equivalent system (METS) were evaluated. Relative concentrations of PCr and ATP were determined by cardiac 31 P-MRS. On trimetazidine, NYHA class decreased from 3.04 + 0.26 to 2.45 + 0.52 (P ¼ 0.005), whereas EF (34 + 10 vs. 39 + 10%, P ¼ 0.03) and METS (from 7.44 + 1.84 to 8.78 + 2.72, P ¼ 0.03) increased. The mean cardiac PCr/ATP ratio was 1.35 + 0.33 with placebo, but was increased by 33% to 1.80 + 0.50 (P ¼ 0.03) with trimetazidine. Conclusion Trimetazidine improves functional class and LV function in patients with heart failure. These effects are associated to the observed trimetazidine-induced increase in the PCr/ATP ratio, indicating preservation of the myocardial high-energy phosphate levels.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":68914968,"asset_id":51052804,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":71650379,"first_name":"Gianluca","last_name":"Perseghin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GianlucaPerseghin","display_name":"Gianluca Perseghin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GianlucaPerseghin?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":606,"name":"Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":24925,"name":"Modulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Modulation?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":46824,"name":"Echocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":49633,"name":"Heart 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Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nuclear_Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1702533,"name":"Trimetazidine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trimetazidine?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1816594,"name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adenosine_Triphosphate?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1944553,"name":"Magnetic resonance angiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_resonance_angiography?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":2285363,"name":"Phosphocreatine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phosphocreatine?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":3789879,"name":"Cardiovascular medicine and haematology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiovascular_medicine_and_haematology?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_20503089" data-work_id="20503089" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20503089/LAWS_AND_ESSENCES">LAWS AND ESSENCES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Those who favour an ontology based on dispositions are thereby able to provide a dispositional essentialist account of the laws of nature. In part 1 of this paper I sketch the dispositional essentialist conception of properties and the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_20503089" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Those who favour an ontology based on dispositions are thereby able to provide a dispositional essentialist account of the laws of nature. In part 1 of this paper I sketch the dispositional essentialist conception of properties and the concomitant account of laws. In part 2, I characterise various claims about the modal character of properties that fall under the heading 'quidditism' and which are consequences of the categoricalist view of properties, which is the alternative to the dispositional essentialist view. I argue that quidditism should be rejected. In part 3, I address a criticism of a strong dispositional essentialist view, viz. that 'structural' (i.e. geometrical, numerical, spatial and temporal) properties must be regarded as categorical.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/20503089" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="7bce95492aea5200f664d6208894bc7c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":41506097,"asset_id":20503089,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/41506097/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33393" href="https://asdfafsd.academia.edu/AlexanderBird">Alexander Bird</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33393" type="text/json">{"id":33393,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Bird","domain_name":"asdfafsd","page_name":"AlexanderBird","display_name":"Alexander Bird","profile_url":"https://asdfafsd.academia.edu/AlexanderBird?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33393/10857/12662068/s65_alexander.bird.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_20503089 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="20503089"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 20503089, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_20503089", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=20503089]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_20503089").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_20503089").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="20503089"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=20503089]'), work: {"id":20503089,"title":"LAWS AND ESSENCES","created_at":"2016-01-22T02:29:58.939-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/20503089/LAWS_AND_ESSENCES?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_20503089","summary":"Those who favour an ontology based on dispositions are thereby able to provide a dispositional essentialist account of the laws of nature. In part 1 of this paper I sketch the dispositional essentialist conception of properties and the concomitant account of laws. In part 2, I characterise various claims about the modal character of properties that fall under the heading 'quidditism' and which are consequences of the categoricalist view of properties, which is the alternative to the dispositional essentialist view. I argue that quidditism should be rejected. In part 3, I address a criticism of a strong dispositional essentialist view, viz. that 'structural' (i.e. geometrical, numerical, spatial and temporal) properties must be regarded as categorical.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":41506097,"asset_id":20503089,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33393,"first_name":"Alexander","last_name":"Bird","domain_name":"asdfafsd","page_name":"AlexanderBird","display_name":"Alexander Bird","profile_url":"https://asdfafsd.academia.edu/AlexanderBird?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/33393/10857/12662068/s65_alexander.bird.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_53164872" data-work_id="53164872" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/53164872/Interactionism_and_Physicality">Interactionism and Physicality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Substance-dualist interactionism faces two sorts of challenge. One is empirical, involving the alleged incompatibility between interactionism and the supposed closure of the physical world. Although widely considered successful, this... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_53164872" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Substance-dualist interactionism faces two sorts of challenge. One is empirical, involving the alleged incompatibility between interactionism and the supposed closure of the physical world. Although widely considered successful, this challenge gives no reason for preferring materialism to dualism. The other sort of challenge holds that interactionism is conceptually impossible. The historically influential version of the conceptual challenge is now discredited, but recent discussions by Chomsky and by Crane and Mellor suggest a new version. In brief, the argument is that anything that interacts causally with physical things would have to be sanctioned by physics, and anything sanctioned by physics is ipso facto (as a matter of conceptual necessity) physical. I focus on the second premise. I show that plausible arguments for it are in fact fallacious and that counterexamples undermine it. Thus the argument fails: substance-dualist interactionism cannot be ruled out on conceptual grounds alone.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/53164872" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="be21feadda543619290842153e06aa00" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":70080798,"asset_id":53164872,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/70080798/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="72389519" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GeneMills1">Eugene Mills</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="72389519" type="text/json">{"id":72389519,"first_name":"Eugene","last_name":"Mills","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeneMills1","display_name":"Eugene Mills","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeneMills1?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_53164872 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="53164872"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 53164872, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_53164872", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=53164872]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_53164872").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_53164872").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="53164872"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="191" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interactionism">Interactionism</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="191" type="text/json">{"id":191,"name":"Interactionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interactionism?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="246" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysics">Psychophysics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="246" type="text/json">{"id":246,"name":"Psychophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysics?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=53164872]'), work: {"id":53164872,"title":"Interactionism and Physicality","created_at":"2021-09-21T15:35:22.214-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/53164872/Interactionism_and_Physicality?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_53164872","summary":"Substance-dualist interactionism faces two sorts of challenge. One is empirical, involving the alleged incompatibility between interactionism and the supposed closure of the physical world. Although widely considered successful, this challenge gives no reason for preferring materialism to dualism. The other sort of challenge holds that interactionism is conceptually impossible. The historically influential version of the conceptual challenge is now discredited, but recent discussions by Chomsky and by Crane and Mellor suggest a new version. In brief, the argument is that anything that interacts causally with physical things would have to be sanctioned by physics, and anything sanctioned by physics is ipso facto (as a matter of conceptual necessity) physical. I focus on the second premise. I show that plausible arguments for it are in fact fallacious and that counterexamples undermine it. Thus the argument fails: substance-dualist interactionism cannot be ruled out on conceptual grounds alone.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":70080798,"asset_id":53164872,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":72389519,"first_name":"Eugene","last_name":"Mills","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"GeneMills1","display_name":"Eugene Mills","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/GeneMills1?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":191,"name":"Interactionism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Interactionism?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":246,"name":"Psychophysics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Psychophysics?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":8220,"name":"Causation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Causation?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":9539,"name":"Materialism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Materialism?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":10150,"name":"Physicalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physicalism?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":13556,"name":"Closure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Closure?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":51754,"name":"Dualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dualism?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":60453,"name":"Supervenience","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Supervenience?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":196587,"name":"Physical World","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_World?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":220364,"name":"Conceptualism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conceptualism?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_13060930" data-work_id="13060930" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/13060930/Impacts_of_increased_fire_frequency_and_aridity_on_eucalypt_forest_structure_biomass_and_composition_in_southwest_Australia">Impacts of increased fire frequency and aridity on eucalypt forest structure, biomass and composition in southwest Australia</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x 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data-has-card-for-ri="3614" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure">Structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3614" type="text/json">{"id":3614,"name":"Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5411" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass">Biomass</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5411" type="text/json">{"id":5411,"name":"Biomass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomass?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5499" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire_Ecology">Fire Ecology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5499" type="text/json">{"id":5499,"name":"Fire Ecology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire_Ecology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology_And_Management">Forest Ecology And Management</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="7653" type="text/json">{"id":7653,"name":"Forest Ecology And Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forest_Ecology_And_Management?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=13060930]'), work: {"id":13060930,"title":"Impacts of increased fire frequency and aridity on eucalypt forest structure, biomass and composition in southwest 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Resistance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fire_Resistance?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1149994,"name":"Leaf Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Leaf_Area?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1230806,"name":"Stand Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stand_Structure?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":2277560,"name":"Basal Area","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Basal_Area?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_67054401" data-work_id="67054401" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/67054401/Paradise_Lost_and_the_Question_of_Legitimacy">Paradise Lost and the Question of Legitimacy</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper reconstructs the deficiencies of formal democracies to explain the internal injustices of the modern state, the self-righteous swaggering foreign policy of Western powers, and the dangerously over-simplified, polar logic... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_67054401" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper reconstructs the deficiencies of formal democracies to explain the internal injustices of the modern state, the self-righteous swaggering foreign policy of Western powers, and the dangerously over-simplified, polar logic characterizing the war rhetoric of the modern era. ...</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div 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A proportional allometric model was used to predict the optimal power-to-mass ratios associated with cycling speeds during flat and hill-climbing cycling. The optimal models predicting flat time-trial cycling speeds were found to be (W MAP m À0.48 ) 0.54 , (W VT m À0.48 ) 0.46 and (W AVG m À0.34 ) 0.58 that explained 69.3, 59.1 and 96.3% of the variance in cycling speeds, respectively. Cross-validation results suggest that, in conjunction with body mass, W MAP can provide an accurate and independent prediction of time-trial cycling, explaining 94.6% of the variance in cycling speeds with the standard deviation about the regression line, s=0.686 km h À1 . Based on these models, there is evidence to support that previously reported _ V O 2 -tomass ratios associated with flat cycling speed extend to other laboratory-recorded measures of power output (i.e. Wm À0.32 ). However, the power-function exponents (0.54, 0.46 and 0.58) would appear to conflict with the assumption that the cyclists' speeds should be proportional to the cube root (0.33) of power demand/ expended, a finding that could be explained by other confounding variables such as bicycle geometry, tractional resistance and/or the presence of a tailwind. The models predicting 6 and 12% hill-climbing cycling speeds were found to be proportional to (W MAP m À0.91 ) 0.66 , revealing a mass exponent, 0.91, that also supports previous research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/834979" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b3968b89b029d32d87cee309250c1d62" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":5016577,"asset_id":834979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/5016577/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="177854" href="https://winchester.academia.edu/SimonJobson">Simon Jobson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="177854" type="text/json">{"id":177854,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Jobson","domain_name":"winchester","page_name":"SimonJobson","display_name":"Simon Jobson","profile_url":"https://winchester.academia.edu/SimonJobson?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/177854/2555718/2967877/s65_simon.jobson.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_834979 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="834979"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 834979, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_834979", }); 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A proportional allometric model was used to predict the optimal power-to-mass ratios associated with cycling speeds during flat and hill-climbing cycling. The optimal models predicting flat time-trial cycling speeds were found to be (W MAP m À0.48 ) 0.54 , (W VT m À0.48 ) 0.46 and (W AVG m À0.34 ) 0.58 that explained 69.3, 59.1 and 96.3% of the variance in cycling speeds, respectively. Cross-validation results suggest that, in conjunction with body mass, W MAP can provide an accurate and independent prediction of time-trial cycling, explaining 94.6% of the variance in cycling speeds with the standard deviation about the regression line, s=0.686 km h À1 . Based on these models, there is evidence to support that previously reported _ V O 2 -tomass ratios associated with flat cycling speed extend to other laboratory-recorded measures of power output (i.e. Wm À0.32 ). However, the power-function exponents (0.54, 0.46 and 0.58) would appear to conflict with the assumption that the cyclists' speeds should be proportional to the cube root (0.33) of power demand/ expended, a finding that could be explained by other confounding variables such as bicycle geometry, tractional resistance and/or the presence of a tailwind. The models predicting 6 and 12% hill-climbing cycling speeds were found to be proportional to (W MAP m À0.91 ) 0.66 , revealing a mass exponent, 0.91, that also supports previous research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":5016577,"asset_id":834979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":177854,"first_name":"Simon","last_name":"Jobson","domain_name":"winchester","page_name":"SimonJobson","display_name":"Simon Jobson","profile_url":"https://winchester.academia.edu/SimonJobson?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/177854/2555718/2967877/s65_simon.jobson.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":646,"name":"Sports Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Medicine?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":7209,"name":"Performance Measurement","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Measurement?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":49905,"name":"Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":53166,"name":"Power","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":66171,"name":"Bicycling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bicycling?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":69841,"name":"Standard Deviation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Standard_Deviation?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":141099,"name":"Speed","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Speed?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":187402,"name":"Cross Validation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cross_Validation?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":235383,"name":"Power Supply","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Supply?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":279027,"name":"European","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":380825,"name":"Oxygen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":397456,"name":"Body Mass","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":413195,"name":"Time Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Factors?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":556021,"name":"Muscle contraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Muscle_contraction?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":732654,"name":"Hill Climbing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hill_Climbing?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1144172,"name":"*Physical Exertion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/_Physical_Exertion?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1193624,"name":"Oxygen Consumption","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Oxygen_Consumption?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1784046,"name":"Performance Test","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance_Test?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1816118,"name":"Time Trial","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Time_Trial?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1840211,"name":"Pulmonary Gas Exchange","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulmonary_Gas_Exchange?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":2183216,"name":"Power Output","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Output?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":2183225,"name":"Physical Endurance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physical_Endurance?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":2496834,"name":"Power Function","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Power_Function?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12371770" data-work_id="12371770" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12371770/The_Impact_of_Cost_and_Sales_Trend_over_the_Profitability_of_Shree_Cement_Limited_India">The Impact of Cost & Sales Trend over the Profitability of Shree Cement Limited, India</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This study examined the influence of cost and sales trend over the profitability, a sample include Shree Cement Limited, India. The study seeks to identify the actual reality of the extent in which Shree Cement Limited in India use the... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12371770" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This study examined the influence of cost and sales trend over the profitability, a sample include Shree Cement Limited, India. The study seeks to identify the actual reality of the extent in which Shree Cement Limited in India use the different production management methods in the costs trend, sales trend. Identify the difference between actual cost and expected cost as well as actual sales and expected sales and make recommendations for the study sample.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12371770" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="78e6dc090985903f9b9502f2d84ca03d" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37625877,"asset_id":12371770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37625877/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="31097245" href="https://hi5.academia.edu/AshrafAlrjoub">Dr. Ashraf Alrjoub</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="31097245" type="text/json">{"id":31097245,"first_name":"Dr. Ashraf","last_name":"Alrjoub","domain_name":"hi5","page_name":"AshrafAlrjoub","display_name":"Dr. Ashraf Alrjoub","profile_url":"https://hi5.academia.edu/AshrafAlrjoub?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31097245/9124513/10176344/s65_ashraf.alrjoub.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12371770 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12371770"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12371770, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12371770", }); 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The study seeks to identify the actual reality of the extent in which Shree Cement Limited in India use the different production management methods in the costs trend, sales trend. Identify the difference between actual cost and expected cost as well as actual sales and expected sales and make recommendations for the study sample.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37625877,"asset_id":12371770,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":31097245,"first_name":"Dr. Ashraf","last_name":"Alrjoub","domain_name":"hi5","page_name":"AshrafAlrjoub","display_name":"Dr. Ashraf Alrjoub","profile_url":"https://hi5.academia.edu/AshrafAlrjoub?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/31097245/9124513/10176344/s65_ashraf.alrjoub.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":47,"name":"Finance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finance?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":3490,"name":"Accounting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accounting?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":121035,"name":"Profitability","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Profitability?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":630742,"name":"Working Capital","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Working_Capital?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_47088736" data-work_id="47088736" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47088736/Rationalization_Evidence_and_Pretense">Rationalization, Evidence, and Pretense</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">In this paper I distinguish the category of "rationalization" from various forms of epistemic irrationality. I maintain that only if we model rationalizers as pretenders can we make sense of the rationalizer's distinctive relationship to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_47088736" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">In this paper I distinguish the category of "rationalization" from various forms of epistemic irrationality. I maintain that only if we model rationalizers as pretenders can we make sense of the rationalizer's distinctive relationship to the evidence in her possession. I contrast the cognitive attitude of the rationalizer with that of believers whose relationship to the evidence I describe as "waffling" or "intransigent". In the final section of the paper, I compare the rationalizer to the Frankfurtian bullshitter.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/47088736" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="184bb06b17ed5fb971e7596501488455" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":66368286,"asset_id":47088736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/66368286/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="67775003" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DCruzJason">Jason D'Cruz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="67775003" type="text/json">{"id":67775003,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"D'Cruz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DCruzJason","display_name":"Jason D'Cruz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DCruzJason?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67775003/17620175/17673189/s65_jason.d_cruz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_47088736 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="47088736"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 47088736, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_47088736", }); 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I maintain that only if we model rationalizers as pretenders can we make sense of the rationalizer's distinctive relationship to the evidence in her possession. I contrast the cognitive attitude of the rationalizer with that of believers whose relationship to the evidence I describe as \"waffling\" or \"intransigent\". In the final section of the paper, I compare the rationalizer to the Frankfurtian bullshitter.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":66368286,"asset_id":47088736,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":67775003,"first_name":"Jason","last_name":"D'Cruz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DCruzJason","display_name":"Jason D'Cruz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DCruzJason?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/67775003/17620175/17673189/s65_jason.d_cruz.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":15092,"name":"Evidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evidence?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":15838,"name":"Imagination","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Imagination?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":97803,"name":"Pretense","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pretense?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":141884,"name":"Rationalization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rationalization?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31191801" data-work_id="31191801" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31191801/Optimal_power_to_mass_ratios_when_predicting_flat_and_hill_climbing_time_trial_cycling">Optimal power-to-mass ratios when predicting flat and hill-climbing time-trial cycling</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The purpose of this article was to establish whether previously reported oxygen-to-mass ratios, used to predict flat and hill-climbing cycling performance, extend to similar power-to-mass ratios incorporating other, often quick and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31191801" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The purpose of this article was to establish whether previously reported oxygen-to-mass ratios, used to predict flat and hill-climbing cycling performance, extend to similar power-to-mass ratios incorporating other, often quick and convenient measures of power output recorded in the laboratory [maximum aerobic power (W MAP ), power output at ventilatory threshold (W VT ) and average power output (W AVG ) maintained during a 1 h performance test]. A proportional allometric model was used to predict the optimal power-to-mass ratios associated with cycling speeds during flat and hill-climbing cycling. The optimal models predicting flat time-trial cycling speeds were found to be (W MAP m À0.48 ) 0.54 , (W VT m À0.48 ) 0.46 and (W AVG m À0.34 ) 0.58 that explained 69.3, 59.1 and 96.3% of the variance in cycling speeds, respectively. Cross-validation results suggest that, in conjunction with body mass, W MAP can provide an accurate and independent prediction of time-trial cycling, explaining 94.6% of the variance in cycling speeds with the standard deviation about the regression line, s=0.686 km h À1 . Based on these models, there is evidence to support that previously reported _ V O 2 -tomass ratios associated with flat cycling speed extend to other laboratory-recorded measures of power output (i.e. Wm À0.32 ). However, the power-function exponents (0.54, 0.46 and 0.58) would appear to conflict with the assumption that the cyclists' speeds should be proportional to the cube root (0.33) of power demand/ expended, a finding that could be explained by other confounding variables such as bicycle geometry, tractional resistance and/or the presence of a tailwind. The models predicting 6 and 12% hill-climbing cycling speeds were found to be proportional to (W MAP m À0.91 ) 0.66 , revealing a mass exponent, 0.91, that also supports previous research.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31191801" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="527524d0171498a93ceb2fa8565b30ba" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":51614183,"asset_id":31191801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/51614183/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="82791" href="https://westscotland.academia.edu/RichardDavison">Richard Davison</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="82791" type="text/json">{"id":82791,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Davison","domain_name":"westscotland","page_name":"RichardDavison","display_name":"Richard Davison","profile_url":"https://westscotland.academia.edu/RichardDavison?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82791/23033/21290/s65_richard.davison.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31191801 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31191801"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31191801, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31191801", }); 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A proportional allometric model was used to predict the optimal power-to-mass ratios associated with cycling speeds during flat and hill-climbing cycling. The optimal models predicting flat time-trial cycling speeds were found to be (W MAP m À0.48 ) 0.54 , (W VT m À0.48 ) 0.46 and (W AVG m À0.34 ) 0.58 that explained 69.3, 59.1 and 96.3% of the variance in cycling speeds, respectively. Cross-validation results suggest that, in conjunction with body mass, W MAP can provide an accurate and independent prediction of time-trial cycling, explaining 94.6% of the variance in cycling speeds with the standard deviation about the regression line, s=0.686 km h À1 . Based on these models, there is evidence to support that previously reported _ V O 2 -tomass ratios associated with flat cycling speed extend to other laboratory-recorded measures of power output (i.e. Wm À0.32 ). However, the power-function exponents (0.54, 0.46 and 0.58) would appear to conflict with the assumption that the cyclists' speeds should be proportional to the cube root (0.33) of power demand/ expended, a finding that could be explained by other confounding variables such as bicycle geometry, tractional resistance and/or the presence of a tailwind. The models predicting 6 and 12% hill-climbing cycling speeds were found to be proportional to (W MAP m À0.91 ) 0.66 , revealing a mass exponent, 0.91, that also supports previous research.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":51614183,"asset_id":31191801,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":82791,"first_name":"Richard","last_name":"Davison","domain_name":"westscotland","page_name":"RichardDavison","display_name":"Richard Davison","profile_url":"https://westscotland.academia.edu/RichardDavison?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/82791/23033/21290/s65_richard.davison.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":646,"name":"Sports Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sports_Medicine?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4228,"name":"Skeletal muscle biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skeletal_muscle_biology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":7209,"name":"Performance 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class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_48416925" data-work_id="48416925" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/48416925/Polyphenol_composition_vitamin_C_content_and_antioxidant_capacity_of_Mauritian_citrus_fruit_pulps">Polyphenol composition, vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity of Mauritian citrus fruit pulps</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The pulp extracts of twenty-one varieties of citrus fruits (oranges, satsumah, clementine, mandarins, tangor, bergamot, lemon, tangelos, kumquat, calamondin and pamplemousses), commonly grown in Mauritius, were characterised in terms of... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_48416925" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The pulp extracts of twenty-one varieties of citrus fruits (oranges, satsumah, clementine, mandarins, tangor, bergamot, lemon, tangelos, kumquat, calamondin and pamplemousses), commonly grown in Mauritius, were characterised in terms of their total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), polyphenol composition and vitamin C contents. Total phenolics ranged from 406.3 ± 14 to 1694 ± 19 μg g -1 fresh weight (FW). Total flavonoids varied between 133 ± 6 and 965 ± 7 μg g -1 FW and vitamin C contents were from 166 ± 19 μg/mL to 677 ± 22 μg/mL. The pulp of a pamplemousse variety had the highest TSS/TA ratio whereas lemon pulps had lowest TSS/TA ratios. The antioxidant activities of the pulp extracts were assessed and total phenolics correlated strongly with the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenging activity assays. Based on their antioxidant activities, nine citrus fruits namely, one orange, tangor, kumquat, calamondin and pamplemousse variety and two mandarin and tangelo varieties were further characterised for their flavanone, flavonol and flavone levels by HPLC. Hesperidin (6.89 ± 0.06 to 26.98 ± 0.07 mg/g FW) and narirutin (0.27 ± 0.01 and 20.91 ± 0.10 mg/g FW) were present at high concentrations compared to the other flavonoid glycosides in the pulp extracts. Naringin was detected only in pulp extracts of pamplemousses. In the light of the data obtained, citrus fruit pulps represent an important source of phytochemicals with potent antioxidant capacity.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/48416925" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="469cca49e16354e6ea3f0dcd1eeef083" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":67040594,"asset_id":48416925,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/67040594/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="145992411" href="https://calstatela.academia.edu/OkezieAruoma">Okezie Aruoma</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="145992411" type="text/json">{"id":145992411,"first_name":"Okezie","last_name":"Aruoma","domain_name":"calstatela","page_name":"OkezieAruoma","display_name":"Okezie Aruoma","profile_url":"https://calstatela.academia.edu/OkezieAruoma?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/145992411/69136829/57530971/s65_okezie.aruoma.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_48416925 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="48416925"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 48416925, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_48416925", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=48416925]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_48416925").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_48416925").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="48416925"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="72" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering">Chemical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="72" type="text/json">{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7603" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food">Food</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7603" type="text/json">{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="18783" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulp">Pulp</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="18783" type="text/json">{"id":18783,"name":"Pulp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulp?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="82981" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/vitamin_C">vitamin C</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="82981" type="text/json">{"id":82981,"name":"vitamin C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/vitamin_C?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=48416925]'), work: {"id":48416925,"title":"Polyphenol composition, vitamin C content and antioxidant capacity of Mauritian citrus fruit pulps","created_at":"2021-05-04T17:56:08.626-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/48416925/Polyphenol_composition_vitamin_C_content_and_antioxidant_capacity_of_Mauritian_citrus_fruit_pulps?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_48416925","summary":"The pulp extracts of twenty-one varieties of citrus fruits (oranges, satsumah, clementine, mandarins, tangor, bergamot, lemon, tangelos, kumquat, calamondin and pamplemousses), commonly grown in Mauritius, were characterised in terms of their total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), polyphenol composition and vitamin C contents. Total phenolics ranged from 406.3 ± 14 to 1694 ± 19 μg g -1 fresh weight (FW). Total flavonoids varied between 133 ± 6 and 965 ± 7 μg g -1 FW and vitamin C contents were from 166 ± 19 μg/mL to 677 ± 22 μg/mL. The pulp of a pamplemousse variety had the highest TSS/TA ratio whereas lemon pulps had lowest TSS/TA ratios. The antioxidant activities of the pulp extracts were assessed and total phenolics correlated strongly with the trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), ferric reducing antioxidant capacity (FRAP) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenging activity assays. Based on their antioxidant activities, nine citrus fruits namely, one orange, tangor, kumquat, calamondin and pamplemousse variety and two mandarin and tangelo varieties were further characterised for their flavanone, flavonol and flavone levels by HPLC. Hesperidin (6.89 ± 0.06 to 26.98 ± 0.07 mg/g FW) and narirutin (0.27 ± 0.01 and 20.91 ± 0.10 mg/g FW) were present at high concentrations compared to the other flavonoid glycosides in the pulp extracts. Naringin was detected only in pulp extracts of pamplemousses. In the light of the data obtained, citrus fruit pulps represent an important source of phytochemicals with potent antioxidant capacity.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":67040594,"asset_id":48416925,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":145992411,"first_name":"Okezie","last_name":"Aruoma","domain_name":"calstatela","page_name":"OkezieAruoma","display_name":"Okezie Aruoma","profile_url":"https://calstatela.academia.edu/OkezieAruoma?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/145992411/69136829/57530971/s65_okezie.aruoma.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":72,"name":"Chemical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Chemical_Engineering?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":7603,"name":"Food","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":18783,"name":"Pulp","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pulp?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":82981,"name":"vitamin C","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/vitamin_C?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":290433,"name":"Antioxidant Activity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidant_Activity?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":832148,"name":"Polyphenol","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polyphenol?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1126694,"name":"Total Phenolics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Total_Phenolics?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1322481,"name":"Antioxidant Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Antioxidant_Capacity?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1443077,"name":"Fresh Weight","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fresh_Weight?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1832259,"name":"Titratable acidity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Titratable_acidity?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":3600686,"name":"Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Trolox_equivalent_antioxidant_capacity?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4261082 coauthored" data-work_id="4261082" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4261082/THE_KNOWLEDGE_ARGUMENT_AND_HIGHER_ORDER_PROPERTIES">THE KNOWLEDGE ARGUMENT AND HIGHER-ORDER PROPERTIES</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The paper argues that Jackson's knowledge argument fails to undermine physicalist ontology. First, it is argued that, as this argument stands, it begs the question. Second, it is suggested that, by supplementing the argument (and taking... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4261082" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The paper argues that Jackson's knowledge argument fails to undermine physicalist ontology. First, it is argued that, as this argument stands, it begs the question. Second, it is suggested that, by supplementing the argument (and taking one of its premises for granted), this flaw can be remedied insofar as the argument is taken to be an argument against type-physicalism; however, this flaw cannot be remedied insofar as the argument is taken to be an argument against token-physicalism. The argument cannot be supplemented so as to show that experiences have properties which are illegitimate from a physicalist perspective.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4261082" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="79e3ff91e1634147e1f3500d324fa34b" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49970182,"asset_id":4261082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49970182/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5163630" href="https://bgu.academia.edu/hillajacobson">hilla jacobson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5163630" type="text/json">{"id":5163630,"first_name":"hilla","last_name":"jacobson","domain_name":"bgu","page_name":"hillajacobson","display_name":"hilla jacobson","profile_url":"https://bgu.academia.edu/hillajacobson?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span><span class="u-displayInlineBlock InlineList-item-text"> and <span class="u-textDecorationUnderline u-clickable InlineList-item-text js-work-more-authors-4261082">+1</span><div class="hidden js-additional-users-4261082"><div><span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewFuWahHo">Amir Horowitz</a></span></div></div></span><script>(function(){ var popoverSettings = { el: $('.js-work-more-authors-4261082'), placement: 'bottom', hide_delay: 200, html: true, content: function(){ return $('.js-additional-users-4261082').html(); 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First, it is argued that, as this argument stands, it begs the question. Second, it is suggested that, by supplementing the argument (and taking one of its premises for granted), this flaw can be remedied insofar as the argument is taken to be an argument against type-physicalism; however, this flaw cannot be remedied insofar as the argument is taken to be an argument against token-physicalism. The argument cannot be supplemented so as to show that experiences have properties which are illegitimate from a physicalist perspective.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49970182,"asset_id":4261082,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":5163630,"first_name":"hilla","last_name":"jacobson","domain_name":"bgu","page_name":"hillajacobson","display_name":"hilla jacobson","profile_url":"https://bgu.academia.edu/hillajacobson?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"},{"id":50556454,"first_name":"Amir","last_name":"Horowitz","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"AndrewFuWahHo","display_name":"Amir Horowitz","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/AndrewFuWahHo?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_975770" data-work_id="975770" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/975770/Semantic_Externalism_and_A_Priori_Self_Knowledge">Semantic Externalism and A Priori Self-Knowledge</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The argument known as the 'McKinsey Recipe' tries to establish the incompatibility of semantic externalism (about natural kind concepts in particular) and a priori selfknowledge about thoughts and concepts by deriving from the conjunction... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_975770" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The argument known as the 'McKinsey Recipe' tries to establish the incompatibility of semantic externalism (about natural kind concepts in particular) and a priori selfknowledge about thoughts and concepts by deriving from the conjunction of these theses an absurd conclusion, such as that we could know a priori that water exists.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/975770" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa 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Mintoff","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JoeMintoff?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3486366" data-work_id="3486366" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3486366/Rhizobium_galegae_a_New_Species_of_Legume_Root_Nodule_Bacteria">Rhizobium galegae, a New Species of Legume Root Nodule Bacteria</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Studies of root nodule bacteria isolated from Galega orientalis and Galega oficinalis are reviewed, and as a result a new species, Rhizobium galegae, is proposed. The type strain of the species is R . galegae HAMBI 540 (= ATCC 43677),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3486366" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Studies of root nodule bacteria isolated from Galega orientalis and Galega oficinalis are reviewed, and as a result a new species, Rhizobium galegae, is proposed. The type strain of the species is R . galegae HAMBI 540 (= ATCC 43677), which forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on G . orientalis. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology distinguishes R. galegae from other rhizobia, whereas nodulation of Galega sp. and sensitivity to phage gal l/R phenotypically separate the strains currently included in the species from other members of the genus Rhizobium. Other criteria supporting the formation of a new species include ribosomal ribonucleic aciddeoxyribonucleic acid homology data, protein and lipopolysaccharide patterns, serological properties, and numerical taxonomy data.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3486366" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f67b4fb7efb22bf581b7173f1a9a215a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":31231520,"asset_id":3486366,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/31231520/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3056305" href="https://independent.academia.edu/KristinaLindstr%C3%B6m">Kristina Lindström</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3056305" type="text/json">{"id":3056305,"first_name":"Kristina","last_name":"Lindström","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KristinaLindström","display_name":"Kristina Lindström","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KristinaLindstr%C3%B6m?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3056305/1004782/1256468/s65_kristina.lindstr_m.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3486366 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3486366"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3486366, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3486366", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3486366]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3486366").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3486366").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3486366"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="167" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology">Physiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="167" type="text/json">{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="10866" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology">Morphology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="10866" type="text/json">{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48057" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA">DNA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="48057" type="text/json">{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="48183" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharide">Lipopolysaccharide</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="48183" type="text/json">{"id":48183,"name":"Lipopolysaccharide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharide?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3486366]'), work: {"id":3486366,"title":"Rhizobium galegae, a New Species of Legume Root Nodule Bacteria","created_at":"2013-05-07T15:51:30.680-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3486366/Rhizobium_galegae_a_New_Species_of_Legume_Root_Nodule_Bacteria?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_3486366","summary":"Studies of root nodule bacteria isolated from Galega orientalis and Galega oficinalis are reviewed, and as a result a new species, Rhizobium galegae, is proposed. The type strain of the species is R . galegae HAMBI 540 (= ATCC 43677), which forms nitrogen-fixing root nodules on G . orientalis. Deoxyribonucleic acid homology distinguishes R. galegae from other rhizobia, whereas nodulation of Galega sp. and sensitivity to phage gal l/R phenotypically separate the strains currently included in the species from other members of the genus Rhizobium. Other criteria supporting the formation of a new species include ribosomal ribonucleic aciddeoxyribonucleic acid homology data, protein and lipopolysaccharide patterns, serological properties, and numerical taxonomy data.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":31231520,"asset_id":3486366,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3056305,"first_name":"Kristina","last_name":"Lindström","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"KristinaLindström","display_name":"Kristina Lindström","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/KristinaLindstr%C3%B6m?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/3056305/1004782/1256468/s65_kristina.lindstr_m.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":167,"name":"Physiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Physiology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":10866,"name":"Morphology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Morphology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":48057,"name":"DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":48183,"name":"Lipopolysaccharide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Lipopolysaccharide?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":54793,"name":"Numerical Taxonomy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Taxonomy?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":107317,"name":"Deoxyribonucleic Acid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Deoxyribonucleic_Acid?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":113903,"name":"Bacteria","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bacteria?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":151091,"name":"Nitrogen","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nitrogen?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":188229,"name":"Soybean","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Soybean?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":441349,"name":"Systematic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Systematic?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":586072,"name":"Plant species","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plant_species?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":759403,"name":"Gel electrophoresis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gel_electrophoresis?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1114508,"name":"Plasmid","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Plasmid?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1292702,"name":"Carbon Source","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Carbon_Source?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_10172514" data-work_id="10172514" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/10172514/Expansion_ratio_and_color_improvement_of_dried_vegetables_texturized_by_a_new_process_Controlled_Sudden_Decompression_to_the_vacuum">Expansion ratio and color improvement of dried vegetables texturized by a new process “Controlled Sudden Decompression to the vacuum</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">A procedure, Controlled Sudden Decompression (D etente Instantan ee Contrôl ee DIC â ) has been developed to impart a porous structure to partially dried pieces of food by expanding them. In this paper, the DIC cycle was optimized for use... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_10172514" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">A procedure, Controlled Sudden Decompression (D etente Instantan ee Contrôl ee DIC â ) has been developed to impart a porous structure to partially dried pieces of food by expanding them. In this paper, the DIC cycle was optimized for use with special food products. The establishment of an initial vacuum phase prior to the steam treatment, a treatment by step-wise increases in temperature and an atmospheric air injection phase enabled us to process product pieces in a thick layer, very heat-sensitive products or other food products with a low hardening temperature. The physical attributes evaluated were the expansion ratio and color of three vegetables: potatoes, carrots and onions.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/10172514" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="d28b9d1e68a7af3cfb37f8be4cb35ece" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47495528,"asset_id":10172514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47495528/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24846528" href="https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasLouka">Nicolas Louka</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24846528" type="text/json">{"id":24846528,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Louka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicolasLouka","display_name":"Nicolas Louka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasLouka?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24846528/6724449/7595429/s65_nicolas.louka.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_10172514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="10172514"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 10172514, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_10172514", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_10172514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10172514; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_10172514"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_10172514 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="10172514"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 10172514; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=10172514]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_10172514").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_10172514").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="10172514"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">8</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4468" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Engineering">Food Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4468" type="text/json">{"id":4468,"name":"Food Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Engineering?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="76714" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color">Color</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="76714" type="text/json">{"id":76714,"name":"Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="129447" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drying">Drying</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="129447" type="text/json">{"id":129447,"name":"Drying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drying?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="160877" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vacuum">Vacuum</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="160877" type="text/json">{"id":160877,"name":"Vacuum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vacuum?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=10172514]'), work: {"id":10172514,"title":"Expansion ratio and color improvement of dried vegetables texturized by a new process “Controlled Sudden Decompression to the vacuum","created_at":"2015-01-14T22:27:07.491-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/10172514/Expansion_ratio_and_color_improvement_of_dried_vegetables_texturized_by_a_new_process_Controlled_Sudden_Decompression_to_the_vacuum?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_10172514","summary":"A procedure, Controlled Sudden Decompression (D etente Instantan ee Contrôl ee DIC â ) has been developed to impart a porous structure to partially dried pieces of food by expanding them. In this paper, the DIC cycle was optimized for use with special food products. The establishment of an initial vacuum phase prior to the steam treatment, a treatment by step-wise increases in temperature and an atmospheric air injection phase enabled us to process product pieces in a thick layer, very heat-sensitive products or other food products with a low hardening temperature. The physical attributes evaluated were the expansion ratio and color of three vegetables: potatoes, carrots and onions.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47495528,"asset_id":10172514,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24846528,"first_name":"Nicolas","last_name":"Louka","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"NicolasLouka","display_name":"Nicolas Louka","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/NicolasLouka?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/24846528/6724449/7595429/s65_nicolas.louka.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4468,"name":"Food Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Engineering?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":76714,"name":"Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":129447,"name":"Drying","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drying?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":160877,"name":"Vacuum","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vacuum?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":263097,"name":"Application","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Application?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1032915,"name":"Expansion","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Expansion?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_12017380" data-work_id="12017380" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/12017380/On_Desire_and_Its_Discontents">On Desire and Its Discontents</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">There exists a long and widespread tradition, with roots in classical Greek and eastern thought, which maintains that the life of desire, the life in which the pursuit of the satisfaction of desires occupies a central place, is doomed to... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_12017380" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">There exists a long and widespread tradition, with roots in classical Greek and eastern thought, which maintains that the life of desire, the life in which the pursuit of the satisfaction of desires occupies a central place, is doomed to failure and frustration. Those of this persuasion, who also believe life to be ineluctably fraught with desire, are naturally pessimistic about the possibility of living well. Those who are pessimistic about the satisfaction of desire, but who allow for the possibility of living a fulfilled life, naturally locate this possibility in the rejection or transcendence of the life of desire.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/12017380" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="b60a93268a3162bbb721771982eeb64a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":37461663,"asset_id":12017380,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/37461663/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="78962" href="https://wisc.academia.edu/IvanSoll">Ivan Soll</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="78962" type="text/json">{"id":78962,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Soll","domain_name":"wisc","page_name":"IvanSoll","display_name":"Ivan Soll","profile_url":"https://wisc.academia.edu/IvanSoll?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78962/20029580/19806793/s65_ivan.soll.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_12017380 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="12017380"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12017380, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_12017380", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12017380]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_12017380").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_12017380").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="12017380"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=12017380]'), work: {"id":12017380,"title":"On Desire and Its Discontents","created_at":"2015-04-19T20:26:25.821-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/12017380/On_Desire_and_Its_Discontents?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_12017380","summary":"There exists a long and widespread tradition, with roots in classical Greek and eastern thought, which maintains that the life of desire, the life in which the pursuit of the satisfaction of desires occupies a central place, is doomed to failure and frustration. Those of this persuasion, who also believe life to be ineluctably fraught with desire, are naturally pessimistic about the possibility of living well. Those who are pessimistic about the satisfaction of desire, but who allow for the possibility of living a fulfilled life, naturally locate this possibility in the rejection or transcendence of the life of desire.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":37461663,"asset_id":12017380,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":78962,"first_name":"Ivan","last_name":"Soll","domain_name":"wisc","page_name":"IvanSoll","display_name":"Ivan Soll","profile_url":"https://wisc.academia.edu/IvanSoll?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/78962/20029580/19806793/s65_ivan.soll.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33499638" data-work_id="33499638" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33499638/Peter_Van_Inwagen_on_Material_Beings">Peter Van Inwagen on Material Beings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Peter van Inwagen's book Material Beings is centered on the special composition question: the question of when some simples constitute a complex object. Van Inwagen's answer to this question is that simples only constitute a complex... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33499638" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Peter van Inwagen's book Material Beings is centered on the special composition question: the question of when some simples constitute a complex object. Van Inwagen's answer to this question is that simples only constitute a complex object when they constitute an organism. I argue that van Inwagen's reasoning in favor of this conclusion is unconvincing, and also that the significance of the special composition question itself is doubtful.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33499638" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c4eb72c0fd9ff7fddbcfb46b44788fc1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53538751,"asset_id":33499638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53538751/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1812003" href="https://uppsala.academia.edu/MattiEklund">Matti Eklund</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1812003" type="text/json">{"id":1812003,"first_name":"Matti","last_name":"Eklund","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"MattiEklund","display_name":"Matti Eklund","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/MattiEklund?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33499638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33499638"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33499638, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33499638", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_33499638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33499638; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_33499638"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_33499638 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="33499638"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 33499638; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33499638]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33499638").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33499638").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33499638"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="43254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composition">Composition</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="43254" type="text/json">{"id":43254,"name":"Composition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composition?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="125222" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universalism">Universalism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="125222" type="text/json">{"id":125222,"name":"Universalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universalism?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33499638]'), work: {"id":33499638,"title":"Peter Van Inwagen on Material Beings","created_at":"2017-06-16T03:08:39.192-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33499638/Peter_Van_Inwagen_on_Material_Beings?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_33499638","summary":"Peter van Inwagen's book Material Beings is centered on the special composition question: the question of when some simples constitute a complex object. Van Inwagen's answer to this question is that simples only constitute a complex object when they constitute an organism. I argue that van Inwagen's reasoning in favor of this conclusion is unconvincing, and also that the significance of the special composition question itself is doubtful.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53538751,"asset_id":33499638,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1812003,"first_name":"Matti","last_name":"Eklund","domain_name":"uppsala","page_name":"MattiEklund","display_name":"Matti Eklund","profile_url":"https://uppsala.academia.edu/MattiEklund?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":43254,"name":"Composition","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Composition?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":125222,"name":"Universalism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Universalism?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":171575,"name":"Material","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Material?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":202132,"name":"Organism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Organism?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":380611,"name":"Object","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Object?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":387466,"name":"Multiple","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multiple?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":552048,"name":"Simple","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Simple?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1135652,"name":"Complex","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Complex?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_8561624" data-work_id="8561624" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8561624/Assessing_the_impact_of_petrol_stations_on_their_immediate_surroundings">Assessing the impact of petrol stations on their immediate surroundings</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper describes a novel methodology for evaluating the extent to which petrol stations affect their surroundings. The method is based on the fact that the ratio of the concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_8561624" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper describes a novel methodology for evaluating the extent to which petrol stations affect their surroundings. The method is based on the fact that the ratio of the concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in the air of the petrol stations and their surroundings (basically determined by vapor emissions from unburned gasoline) differs from the ratio found in urban air, which is mainly influenced by traffic emissions. Bearing this in mind, the spatial limit of influence of petrol stations in any direction would be the first point, moving away from the station, where the ratio becomes equal to the urban background ratio. Application of the methodology involves multipoint measuring campaigns of the air at the studied petrol station and built-up area in general and processing the data with software capable of providing isoconcentration contours. The procedure should help local authorities in terms of land management, so that a "belt" can be established around petrol stations where housing or vulnerable populations and activities such as those in schools, hospitals and community centers should be restricted.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/8561624" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="c801edf7543b08efd5e5d8edbe9aacd9" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":48055207,"asset_id":8561624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/48055207/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="17642134" href="https://npl.academia.edu/MartaDoval">Marta Doval</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="17642134" type="text/json">{"id":17642134,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Doval","domain_name":"npl","page_name":"MartaDoval","display_name":"Marta Doval","profile_url":"https://npl.academia.edu/MartaDoval?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17642134/4917807/5652680/s65_marta.doval.jpg_oh_219eb69ce997ec3e68bdf8c330c14733_oe_54c3d81f___gda___1421967780_d5c1ccecc9697c186fa091d63c3aac27"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_8561624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="8561624"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 8561624, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_8561624", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_8561624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8561624; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_8561624"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_8561624 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="8561624"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 8561624; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=8561624]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_8561624").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_8561624").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="8561624"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">14</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5597" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_management">Land management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5597" type="text/json">{"id":5597,"name":"Land management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_management?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="7609" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management">Environmental Management</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="7609" type="text/json">{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="28235" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary">Multidisciplinary</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="28235" type="text/json">{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="40516" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain">Spain</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="40516" type="text/json">{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=8561624]'), work: {"id":8561624,"title":"Assessing the impact of petrol stations on their immediate surroundings","created_at":"2014-09-29T22:05:42.838-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/8561624/Assessing_the_impact_of_petrol_stations_on_their_immediate_surroundings?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_8561624","summary":"This paper describes a novel methodology for evaluating the extent to which petrol stations affect their surroundings. The method is based on the fact that the ratio of the concentrations of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants in the air of the petrol stations and their surroundings (basically determined by vapor emissions from unburned gasoline) differs from the ratio found in urban air, which is mainly influenced by traffic emissions. Bearing this in mind, the spatial limit of influence of petrol stations in any direction would be the first point, moving away from the station, where the ratio becomes equal to the urban background ratio. Application of the methodology involves multipoint measuring campaigns of the air at the studied petrol station and built-up area in general and processing the data with software capable of providing isoconcentration contours. The procedure should help local authorities in terms of land management, so that a \"belt\" can be established around petrol stations where housing or vulnerable populations and activities such as those in schools, hospitals and community centers should be restricted.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48055207,"asset_id":8561624,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":17642134,"first_name":"Marta","last_name":"Doval","domain_name":"npl","page_name":"MartaDoval","display_name":"Marta Doval","profile_url":"https://npl.academia.edu/MartaDoval?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/17642134/4917807/5652680/s65_marta.doval.jpg_oh_219eb69ce997ec3e68bdf8c330c14733_oe_54c3d81f___gda___1421967780_d5c1ccecc9697c186fa091d63c3aac27"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5597,"name":"Land management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Land_management?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":7609,"name":"Environmental Management","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":40516,"name":"Spain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Spain?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":133177,"name":"Temperature","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Temperature?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":163173,"name":"Wind","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wind?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":281150,"name":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbons_PAHs_?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":308097,"name":"Local Authority","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Local_Authority?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":743616,"name":"Gasoline","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gasoline?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":982201,"name":"Vulnerable Population","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Vulnerable_Population?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1224526,"name":"Aromatic Hydrocarbon","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aromatic_Hydrocarbon?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1534685,"name":"Volatile organic compound","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volatile_organic_compound?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1656539,"name":"Air Pollutants","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Air_Pollutants?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_25335898" data-work_id="25335898" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/25335898/Size_of_external_genital_organs_and_somatometric_parameters_among_physically_normal_men_younger_than_40_years_old">Size of external genital organs and somatometric parameters among physically normal men younger than 40 years old</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives. To estimate the sizes of the external genital organs in physically normal adult males younger than 40 years old, as well as to correlate the resulting values with age and a number of somatometric parameters, to provide data... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_25335898" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives. To estimate the sizes of the external genital organs in physically normal adult males younger than 40 years old, as well as to correlate the resulting values with age and a number of somatometric parameters, to provide data that could be clinically applicable by the practicing urologist. Methods. Fifty-two physically normal men, 19 to 38 years old, underwent tape measurements of penile dimensions in the flaccid-stretched state (total, shaft, glanular lengths), penile shaft volume calculation, and ultrasonographic testicular volume estimation. The resultant values were correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, and index finger length. Results. The mean testicular volume was 16.9 Ϯ 4.7 cm 3 , with the right testis (17.5 Ϯ 5.8 cm 3 ) measuring slightly larger than the left (15.85 Ϯ 4.9 cm 3 ; P ϭ not significant). The mean total penile length was 12.18 Ϯ 1.7 cm, the mean penile shaft length was 7.76 Ϯ 1.3 cm, the mean glanular length was 4.4 Ϯ 0.4 cm, and the mean penile shaft volume was 46.5 Ϯ 17.2 cm 3 . Among the various correlations performed, the penile lengths (total, shaft, glanular) to index finger length (P Ͻ0.05) and to penile shaft volume (P Ͻ0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusions. Data on the size of the external genital organs among physically normal young adult men were provided and a novel formula for penile shaft volume calculation was proposed. Age and somatometric parameters were not associated with the size of the genitalia, excluding the index finger length, which correlated significantly with the dimensions of the flaccid, maximally stretched, penis. UROLOGY 60: 485-491, 2002. © 2002,</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/25335898" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="eba462e323b87ff44e28f287bc2c038c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":45692946,"asset_id":25335898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/45692946/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="48731973" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EvangelosSpyropoulos">Evangelos Spyropoulos</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="48731973" type="text/json">{"id":48731973,"first_name":"Evangelos","last_name":"Spyropoulos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EvangelosSpyropoulos","display_name":"Evangelos Spyropoulos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EvangelosSpyropoulos?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_25335898 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="25335898"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 25335898, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_25335898", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=25335898]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_25335898").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_25335898").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="25335898"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">17</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="653" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology">Urology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="653" type="text/json">{"id":653,"name":"Urology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="5018" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry">Anthropometry</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="5018" type="text/json">{"id":5018,"name":"Anthropometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="66080" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age">Age</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="66080" type="text/json">{"id":66080,"name":"Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="125564" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance">Statistical Significance</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="125564" type="text/json">{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=25335898]'), work: {"id":25335898,"title":"Size of external genital organs and somatometric parameters among physically normal men younger than 40 years old","created_at":"2016-05-14T21:29:18.558-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/25335898/Size_of_external_genital_organs_and_somatometric_parameters_among_physically_normal_men_younger_than_40_years_old?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_25335898","summary":"Objectives. To estimate the sizes of the external genital organs in physically normal adult males younger than 40 years old, as well as to correlate the resulting values with age and a number of somatometric parameters, to provide data that could be clinically applicable by the practicing urologist. Methods. Fifty-two physically normal men, 19 to 38 years old, underwent tape measurements of penile dimensions in the flaccid-stretched state (total, shaft, glanular lengths), penile shaft volume calculation, and ultrasonographic testicular volume estimation. The resultant values were correlated with age, height, weight, body mass index, waist/hip ratio, and index finger length. Results. The mean testicular volume was 16.9 Ϯ 4.7 cm 3 , with the right testis (17.5 Ϯ 5.8 cm 3 ) measuring slightly larger than the left (15.85 Ϯ 4.9 cm 3 ; P ϭ not significant). The mean total penile length was 12.18 Ϯ 1.7 cm, the mean penile shaft length was 7.76 Ϯ 1.3 cm, the mean glanular length was 4.4 Ϯ 0.4 cm, and the mean penile shaft volume was 46.5 Ϯ 17.2 cm 3 . Among the various correlations performed, the penile lengths (total, shaft, glanular) to index finger length (P Ͻ0.05) and to penile shaft volume (P Ͻ0.001) were statistically significant. Conclusions. Data on the size of the external genital organs among physically normal young adult men were provided and a novel formula for penile shaft volume calculation was proposed. Age and somatometric parameters were not associated with the size of the genitalia, excluding the index finger length, which correlated significantly with the dimensions of the flaccid, maximally stretched, penis. UROLOGY 60: 485-491, 2002. © 2002,","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":45692946,"asset_id":25335898,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":48731973,"first_name":"Evangelos","last_name":"Spyropoulos","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EvangelosSpyropoulos","display_name":"Evangelos Spyropoulos","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EvangelosSpyropoulos?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":653,"name":"Urology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Urology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":5018,"name":"Anthropometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Anthropometry?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":66080,"name":"Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":125564,"name":"Statistical Significance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Statistical_Significance?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":143335,"name":"Volume","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Volume?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":192564,"name":"Body Mass Index","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Body_Mass_Index?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":203521,"name":"tESTIS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/tESTIS?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":353174,"name":"Waist to Hip Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waist_to_Hip_Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":492043,"name":"Size","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Size?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":546419,"name":"Age Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Age_Factors?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":749302,"name":"Indexation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Indexation?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1028516,"name":"Fingers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fingers?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1275886,"name":"Clinical Application","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Application?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_3380016" data-work_id="3380016" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/3380016/THE_NATURE_OF_HOPE">THE NATURE OF HOPE</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Both traditional accounts of hope and some of their recent critics analyze hope exclusively in terms of attitudes that a hoper bears towards a hoped-for prospect, such as desire and probability assignment. I argue that all of these... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_3380016" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Both traditional accounts of hope and some of their recent critics analyze hope exclusively in terms of attitudes that a hoper bears towards a hoped-for prospect, such as desire and probability assignment. I argue that all of these accounts misidentify cases of despair as cases of hope, and so misconstrue the nature of hope. I show that a more satisfactory view is arrived at by noticing that in addition to the aforementioned attitudes, hope involves a characteristic attitude towards an external factor, on whose operation the hoper takes the prospect's realization to depend causally.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/3380016" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fc16bae20817ef4341dbaa56152f5f98" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50308838,"asset_id":3380016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50308838/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="3930551" href="https://haifa.academia.edu/ArielMeirav">Ariel Meirav</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="3930551" type="text/json">{"id":3930551,"first_name":"Ariel","last_name":"Meirav","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"ArielMeirav","display_name":"Ariel Meirav","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/ArielMeirav?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_3380016 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="3380016"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 3380016, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_3380016", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=3380016]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_3380016").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_3380016").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3380016"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3380016]'), work: {"id":3380016,"title":"THE NATURE OF HOPE","created_at":"2013-04-24T18:47:12.576-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/3380016/THE_NATURE_OF_HOPE?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_3380016","summary":"Both traditional accounts of hope and some of their recent critics analyze hope exclusively in terms of attitudes that a hoper bears towards a hoped-for prospect, such as desire and probability assignment. I argue that all of these accounts misidentify cases of despair as cases of hope, and so misconstrue the nature of hope. I show that a more satisfactory view is arrived at by noticing that in addition to the aforementioned attitudes, hope involves a characteristic attitude towards an external factor, on whose operation the hoper takes the prospect's realization to depend causally.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50308838,"asset_id":3380016,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":3930551,"first_name":"Ariel","last_name":"Meirav","domain_name":"haifa","page_name":"ArielMeirav","display_name":"Ariel Meirav","profile_url":"https://haifa.academia.edu/ArielMeirav?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_29026020" data-work_id="29026020" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/29026020/Investigation_of_unrecognized_former_secondary_lead_smelting_sites_confirmation_by_historical_sources_and_elemental_ratios_in_soil">Investigation of unrecognized former secondary lead smelting sites: confirmation by historical sources and elemental ratios in soil</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">between antimony and lead was used to determine secondary lead smelting sites.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/29026020" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="fbe514ab27cba591efd6c6c0efa62e0a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49475157,"asset_id":29026020,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49475157/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54652182" href="https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamEckel">William P Eckel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54652182" type="text/json">{"id":54652182,"first_name":"William","last_name":"Eckel","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"WilliamEckel","display_name":"William P Eckel","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/WilliamEckel?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li 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href="https://www.academia.edu/14595056/Deriving_leaf_chlorophyll_content_of_green_leafy_vegetables_from_hyperspectral_reflectance">Deriving leaf chlorophyll content of green-leafy vegetables from hyperspectral reflectance</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Different nitrogen (N) treatments of four common green-leafy vegetable varieties with different leaf color: lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.) with yellow green leaves, pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) var. aijiaohuang in Chinese... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_14595056" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Different nitrogen (N) treatments of four common green-leafy vegetable varieties with different leaf color: lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa L.) with yellow green leaves, pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.) var. aijiaohuang in Chinese (AJH) with middle green leaves, spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) with green leaves and pakchoi (B. chinensis L.) var. shanghaiqing in Chinese (SHQ) with dark green leaves, were carried out to achieve a wide range of chlorophyll content. The relationship of vegetable leaf hyperspectral response to its chlorophyll content was examined in this study. Almost all reported successful leaf chlorophyll indices in the literature were evaluated for their ability to predict the chlorophyll content in vegetable leaves. Some new indices based on the first derivative curve were also developed, and compared with the chlorophyll indices published. The results showed that most of the indices showed a strong relation with leaf chlorophyll content. In general, modified indices with the blue or near red edge wavelength performed better than their simple counterpart without modification, ratio indices performed a little better than normalized indices when chlorophyll expressed on area basis and reversed when chlorophyll expressed on fresh weight basis. A normalized derivative difference ratio (BND: (D 722 − D 700 )/(D 722 + D 700 ) calibrated by Maire et al. [Maire, G., Francois, C., Dufrene, E., 2004. Towards universal broad leaf chlorophyll indices using PROSPECT simulated database and hyperspectral reflectance measurements. Remote Sensing of Environment 89 (1), 1-28]) gave the best results among all published indices in this study (RMSE = 22.1 mg m −2 ), then the mSR-like indices with the RMSE between 22.6 and 23.0 mg m −2 .</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/14595056" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="6feb3870c593d8cece558b2016a7816e" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":44048759,"asset_id":14595056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/44048759/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33546802" href="https://independent.academia.edu/LinzhangYang">Linzhang Yang</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33546802" type="text/json">{"id":33546802,"first_name":"Linzhang","last_name":"Yang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LinzhangYang","display_name":"Linzhang Yang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LinzhangYang?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_14595056 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="14595056"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 14595056, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_14595056", }); 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The relationship of vegetable leaf hyperspectral response to its chlorophyll content was examined in this study. Almost all reported successful leaf chlorophyll indices in the literature were evaluated for their ability to predict the chlorophyll content in vegetable leaves. Some new indices based on the first derivative curve were also developed, and compared with the chlorophyll indices published. The results showed that most of the indices showed a strong relation with leaf chlorophyll content. In general, modified indices with the blue or near red edge wavelength performed better than their simple counterpart without modification, ratio indices performed a little better than normalized indices when chlorophyll expressed on area basis and reversed when chlorophyll expressed on fresh weight basis. A normalized derivative difference ratio (BND: (D 722 − D 700 )/(D 722 + D 700 ) calibrated by Maire et al. [Maire, G., Francois, C., Dufrene, E., 2004. Towards universal broad leaf chlorophyll indices using PROSPECT simulated database and hyperspectral reflectance measurements. Remote Sensing of Environment 89 (1), 1-28]) gave the best results among all published indices in this study (RMSE = 22.1 mg m −2 ), then the mSR-like indices with the RMSE between 22.6 and 23.0 mg m −2 .","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":44048759,"asset_id":14595056,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33546802,"first_name":"Linzhang","last_name":"Yang","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LinzhangYang","display_name":"Linzhang Yang","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LinzhangYang?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":76714,"name":"Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Color?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":137570,"name":"Data 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href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IVA">IVA</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="475484" type="text/json">{"id":475484,"name":"IVA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/IVA?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="915726" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RESULTADOS">RESULTADOS</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="915726" type="text/json">{"id":915726,"name":"RESULTADOS","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/RESULTADOS?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1178757" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Margem">Margem</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1178757" type="text/json">{"id":1178757,"name":"Margem","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Margem?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1582642" data-work_id="1582642" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1582642/The_isokinetic_strength_profile_of_quadriceps_and_hamstrings_in_elite_volleyball_players">The isokinetic strength profile of quadriceps and hamstrings in elite volleyball players</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Knowledge of lower-extremity strength can be used in injury prevention, conditioning and rehabilitation of volleyball players. The goals were: (1) to describe the bilateral concentric and eccentric quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) muscle... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1582642" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Knowledge of lower-extremity strength can be used in injury prevention, conditioning and rehabilitation of volleyball players. The goals were: (1) to describe the bilateral concentric and eccentric quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) muscle function in volleyball players, (2) to evaluate the differences in Q and H strength, strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetry among age groups, playing positions and playing levels, (3) to compare bilateral strength asymmetry in Q and H muscles in two different contraction modes. Ninety five professional male volleyball players were tested on an isokinetic machine at 60 • /s to assess concentric and eccentric Q and H strength. We also calculated strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetries. MANOVAs indicated significant main effect of playing level on relative PT (p = 0.001) and strength ratios (p < 0.05). International-level players had significantly (p < 0.05) higher H strength and dynamic control ratio (DCR) of the right leg compared to the 1st and/or 2nd national division players. There were no signs of bilateral strength asymmetry regardless of muscle group tested and contraction mode. Our results suggest that right H strength and DCR could be important for successful volleyball performance. Descriptive data about Q and H muscle function can be used as guidelines for coaches and therapists during training and rehabilitation of male volleyball players.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1582642" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="26b1710df7cf733e99765215261bc780" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50920626,"asset_id":1582642,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50920626/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="923149" href="https://uni-lj.academia.edu/VedranHadzic">Vedran Hadzic</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="923149" type="text/json">{"id":923149,"first_name":"Vedran","last_name":"Hadzic","domain_name":"uni-lj","page_name":"VedranHadzic","display_name":"Vedran Hadzic","profile_url":"https://uni-lj.academia.edu/VedranHadzic?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/923149/345122/410112/s65_vedran.hadzic.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1582642 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1582642"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1582642, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1582642", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=1582642]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_1582642").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_1582642").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="1582642"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="60" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering">Mechanical Engineering</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="60" type="text/json">{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="49905" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport">Sport</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="49905" type="text/json">{"id":49905,"name":"Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="63097" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_Science">Exercise Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="63097" type="text/json">{"id":63097,"name":"Exercise Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=1582642]'), work: {"id":1582642,"title":"The isokinetic strength profile of quadriceps and hamstrings in elite volleyball players","created_at":"2012-05-22T15:51:43.689-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/1582642/The_isokinetic_strength_profile_of_quadriceps_and_hamstrings_in_elite_volleyball_players?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_1582642","summary":"Knowledge of lower-extremity strength can be used in injury prevention, conditioning and rehabilitation of volleyball players. The goals were: (1) to describe the bilateral concentric and eccentric quadriceps (Q) and hamstrings (H) muscle function in volleyball players, (2) to evaluate the differences in Q and H strength, strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetry among age groups, playing positions and playing levels, (3) to compare bilateral strength asymmetry in Q and H muscles in two different contraction modes. Ninety five professional male volleyball players were tested on an isokinetic machine at 60 • /s to assess concentric and eccentric Q and H strength. We also calculated strength ratios and bilateral strength asymmetries. MANOVAs indicated significant main effect of playing level on relative PT (p = 0.001) and strength ratios (p \u003c 0.05). International-level players had significantly (p \u003c 0.05) higher H strength and dynamic control ratio (DCR) of the right leg compared to the 1st and/or 2nd national division players. There were no signs of bilateral strength asymmetry regardless of muscle group tested and contraction mode. Our results suggest that right H strength and DCR could be important for successful volleyball performance. Descriptive data about Q and H muscle function can be used as guidelines for coaches and therapists during training and rehabilitation of male volleyball players.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":50920626,"asset_id":1582642,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":923149,"first_name":"Vedran","last_name":"Hadzic","domain_name":"uni-lj","page_name":"VedranHadzic","display_name":"Vedran Hadzic","profile_url":"https://uni-lj.academia.edu/VedranHadzic?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/923149/345122/410112/s65_vedran.hadzic.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":60,"name":"Mechanical Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mechanical_Engineering?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":49905,"name":"Sport","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sport?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":63097,"name":"Exercise Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exercise_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_26099979" data-work_id="26099979" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26099979/Self_Expression_and_Self_Control">Self-Expression and Self-Control</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">It is often said that people are 'not themselves' when they are in situations which rob them of their self-control. Strangely, these are also circumstances in which people are often said to be most fully themselves. This paper... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26099979" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">It is often said that people are 'not themselves' when they are in situations which rob them of their self-control. Strangely, these are also circumstances in which people are often said to be most fully themselves. This paper investigates the pictures of the self behind these two truisms, and the relation between them. Harry Frankfurt's work represents the first truism, and standard objections to his work the second. Each of these approaches is found to capture one independent and widely employed picture of the self. The connection each draws between being oneself and flourishing, however, suggests a point of contact between them. This point of contact is used to develop a third view of being oneself which integrates the insights of the other two.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26099979" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="60bce79af957b6511ea4374b0cbebaa4" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46451228,"asset_id":26099979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46451228/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="24120251" href="https://uic.academia.edu/MaryaSchechtman">Marya Schechtman</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="24120251" type="text/json">{"id":24120251,"first_name":"Marya","last_name":"Schechtman","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"MaryaSchechtman","display_name":"Marya Schechtman","profile_url":"https://uic.academia.edu/MaryaSchechtman?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26099979 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26099979"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26099979, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26099979", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26099979]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26099979").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26099979").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26099979"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11106" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Control">Self Control</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="11106" type="text/json">{"id":11106,"name":"Self Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Control?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26099979]'), work: {"id":26099979,"title":"Self-Expression and Self-Control","created_at":"2016-06-13T18:43:12.540-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26099979/Self_Expression_and_Self_Control?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_26099979","summary":"It is often said that people are 'not themselves' when they are in situations which rob them of their self-control. Strangely, these are also circumstances in which people are often said to be most fully themselves. This paper investigates the pictures of the self behind these two truisms, and the relation between them. Harry Frankfurt's work represents the first truism, and standard objections to his work the second. Each of these approaches is found to capture one independent and widely employed picture of the self. The connection each draws between being oneself and flourishing, however, suggests a point of contact between them. This point of contact is used to develop a third view of being oneself which integrates the insights of the other two.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46451228,"asset_id":26099979,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":24120251,"first_name":"Marya","last_name":"Schechtman","domain_name":"uic","page_name":"MaryaSchechtman","display_name":"Marya Schechtman","profile_url":"https://uic.academia.edu/MaryaSchechtman?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":11106,"name":"Self Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Self_Control?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_5625243" data-work_id="5625243" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/5625243/Effect_of_extraction_conditions_on_the_quality_characteristics_of_pectin_from_passion_fruit_peel_Passiflora_edulis_f_flavicarpa_L">Effect of extraction conditions on the quality characteristics of pectin from passion fruit peel ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa L</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/5625243" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="9d7c13db1a1743ef45e17e71f17d47ee" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49210327,"asset_id":5625243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49210327/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="8068656" href="https://uasraichur.academia.edu/ShyamraoKulkarni">Shyamrao Kulkarni</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="8068656" type="text/json">{"id":8068656,"first_name":"Shyamrao","last_name":"Kulkarni","domain_name":"uasraichur","page_name":"ShyamraoKulkarni","display_name":"Shyamrao Kulkarni","profile_url":"https://uasraichur.academia.edu/ShyamraoKulkarni?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8068656/94533901/83486179/s65_shyamrao.kulkarni.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_5625243 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden 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data-has-card-for-ri="29980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production">Animal Production</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="29980" type="text/json">{"id":29980,"name":"Animal Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="237339" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EXTRACTION">EXTRACTION</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="237339" type="text/json">{"id":237339,"name":"EXTRACTION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EXTRACTION?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="291658" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precipitation">Precipitation</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="291658" type="text/json">{"id":291658,"name":"Precipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precipitation?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="410194" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Treatment">Waste Treatment</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="410194" type="text/json">{"id":410194,"name":"Waste Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Treatment?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=5625243]'), work: {"id":5625243,"title":"Effect of extraction conditions on the quality characteristics of pectin from passion fruit peel ( Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa L","created_at":"2014-01-06T17:55:56.761-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/5625243/Effect_of_extraction_conditions_on_the_quality_characteristics_of_pectin_from_passion_fruit_peel_Passiflora_edulis_f_flavicarpa_L?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_5625243","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49210327,"asset_id":5625243,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":8068656,"first_name":"Shyamrao","last_name":"Kulkarni","domain_name":"uasraichur","page_name":"ShyamraoKulkarni","display_name":"Shyamrao Kulkarni","profile_url":"https://uasraichur.academia.edu/ShyamraoKulkarni?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/8068656/94533901/83486179/s65_shyamrao.kulkarni.jpeg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":29980,"name":"Animal Production","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Production?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":237339,"name":"EXTRACTION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/EXTRACTION?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":291658,"name":"Precipitation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precipitation?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":410194,"name":"Waste Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Waste_Treatment?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":485667,"name":"Moisture Content","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moisture_Content?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":585585,"name":"Food Additive","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Additive?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_28177479" data-work_id="28177479" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28177479/Galen_Strawson_on_Mental_Reality">Galen Strawson on Mental Reality</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/28177479" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f66e8fb577fddb2c8307d2ca5f599f43" rel="nofollow" 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= 28177479; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_28177479"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_28177479 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="28177479"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 28177479; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=28177479]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_28177479").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_28177479").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="28177479"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=28177479]'), work: {"id":28177479,"title":"Galen Strawson on Mental Reality","created_at":"2016-09-01T07:21:17.022-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/28177479/Galen_Strawson_on_Mental_Reality?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_28177479","summary":null,"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":48489441,"asset_id":28177479,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":1217,"first_name":"Tim","last_name":"Crane","domain_name":"cambridge","page_name":"timcrane","display_name":"Tim Crane","profile_url":"https://cambridge.academia.edu/timcrane?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1217/461/312663/s65_tim.crane.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_33800396" data-work_id="33800396" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/33800396/Relativism_Commensurability_and_Translatability">Relativism, Commensurability and Translatability</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">This paper discusses conceptual relativism. The main focus is on the contrasting ideas of Wittgenstein and Davidson, with Quine, Kuhn, Feyerabend and Hacker in supporting roles. I distinguish conceptual from alethic and ontological... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33800396" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">This paper discusses conceptual relativism. The main focus is on the contrasting ideas of Wittgenstein and Davidson, with Quine, Kuhn, Feyerabend and Hacker in supporting roles. I distinguish conceptual from alethic and ontological relativism, defend a distinction between conceptual scheme and empirical content, and reject the Davidsonian argument against the possibility of alternative conceptual schemes: there can be conceptual diversity without failure of translation, and failure of translation is not necessarily incompatible with recognizing a practice as linguistic. Conceptual relativism may be untenable, but not for the hermeneutic reasons espoused by Davidson.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33800396" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ff1c663eb942a4dbb617ce536e39dce1" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53787221,"asset_id":33800396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53787221/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="28153454" href="https://uzh.academia.edu/HansJohannGlock">Hans-Johann Glock</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="28153454" type="text/json">{"id":28153454,"first_name":"Hans-Johann","last_name":"Glock","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"HansJohannGlock","display_name":"Hans-Johann Glock","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/HansJohannGlock?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28153454/44091793/40904999/s65_hans-johann.glock.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33800396 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33800396"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33800396, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33800396", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=33800396]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_33800396").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_33800396").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="33800396"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=33800396]'), work: {"id":33800396,"title":"Relativism, Commensurability and Translatability","created_at":"2017-07-07T02:03:50.552-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/33800396/Relativism_Commensurability_and_Translatability?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_33800396","summary":"This paper discusses conceptual relativism. The main focus is on the contrasting ideas of Wittgenstein and Davidson, with Quine, Kuhn, Feyerabend and Hacker in supporting roles. I distinguish conceptual from alethic and ontological relativism, defend a distinction between conceptual scheme and empirical content, and reject the Davidsonian argument against the possibility of alternative conceptual schemes: there can be conceptual diversity without failure of translation, and failure of translation is not necessarily incompatible with recognizing a practice as linguistic. Conceptual relativism may be untenable, but not for the hermeneutic reasons espoused by Davidson.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53787221,"asset_id":33800396,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":28153454,"first_name":"Hans-Johann","last_name":"Glock","domain_name":"uzh","page_name":"HansJohannGlock","display_name":"Hans-Johann Glock","profile_url":"https://uzh.academia.edu/HansJohannGlock?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/28153454/44091793/40904999/s65_hans-johann.glock.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_31917405" data-work_id="31917405" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/31917405/The_AST_ALT_ratio_as_an_indicator_of_cirrhosis_in_patients_with_PBC">The AST/ALT ratio as an indicator of cirrhosis in patients with PBC</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Objectives: A non-invasive, simple and non-expensive test to predict cirrhosis would be highly desirable. The aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio has been proven to be such an indicator of cirrhosis in... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_31917405" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Objectives: A non-invasive, simple and non-expensive test to predict cirrhosis would be highly desirable. The aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio has been proven to be such an indicator of cirrhosis in alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C. Aim: To test whether the AST/ALT ratio is a marker of cirrhosis also in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Methods: The study consisted of 160 patients. In 126 patients, we had clinical and laboratory data at the time of diagnosis and follow-up with outcome: liver-related death, liver transplantation and survival. In 121 patients, we had laboratory data and liver histology. Results: We found that the AST/ALT ratio was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in non-cirrhotic patients. A high AST/ALT ratio was significantly associated with esophageal varices and ascites. In a multivariate analysis, bilirubin and ALP were predictors of poor prognosis. Conclusion: The AST/ALT ratio seems to be of clinical value as a hint to the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with PBC but not as a prognostic factor.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/31917405" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="98b76de3b21d0167fe35584e37bccc9a" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":52198563,"asset_id":31917405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/52198563/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="61701047" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EinarBj%C3%B6rnsson">Einar Björnsson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="61701047" type="text/json">{"id":61701047,"first_name":"Einar","last_name":"Björnsson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EinarBjörnsson","display_name":"Einar Björnsson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EinarBj%C3%B6rnsson?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_31917405 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="31917405"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 31917405, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_31917405", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=31917405]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_31917405").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_31917405").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31917405"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">15</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71343" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Cirrhosis">Liver Cirrhosis</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71343" type="text/json">{"id":71343,"name":"Liver Cirrhosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Cirrhosis?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="71437" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver">Liver</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="71437" type="text/json">{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="244814" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences">Clinical Sciences</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="244814" type="text/json">{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="289271" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged">Aged</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="289271" type="text/json">{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=31917405]'), work: {"id":31917405,"title":"The AST/ALT ratio as an indicator of cirrhosis in patients with PBC","created_at":"2017-03-18T03:18:10.877-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/31917405/The_AST_ALT_ratio_as_an_indicator_of_cirrhosis_in_patients_with_PBC?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_31917405","summary":"Objectives: A non-invasive, simple and non-expensive test to predict cirrhosis would be highly desirable. The aspartate aminotransferase/ alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio has been proven to be such an indicator of cirrhosis in alcoholic liver disease, hepatitis C. Aim: To test whether the AST/ALT ratio is a marker of cirrhosis also in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). Methods: The study consisted of 160 patients. In 126 patients, we had clinical and laboratory data at the time of diagnosis and follow-up with outcome: liver-related death, liver transplantation and survival. In 121 patients, we had laboratory data and liver histology. Results: We found that the AST/ALT ratio was significantly higher in cirrhotic patients than in non-cirrhotic patients. A high AST/ALT ratio was significantly associated with esophageal varices and ascites. In a multivariate analysis, bilirubin and ALP were predictors of poor prognosis. Conclusion: The AST/ALT ratio seems to be of clinical value as a hint to the diagnosis of cirrhosis in patients with PBC but not as a prognostic factor.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52198563,"asset_id":31917405,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":61701047,"first_name":"Einar","last_name":"Björnsson","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"EinarBjörnsson","display_name":"Einar Björnsson","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EinarBj%C3%B6rnsson?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":71343,"name":"Liver Cirrhosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_Cirrhosis?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":289271,"name":"Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aged?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":401947,"name":"Sensitivity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":489727,"name":"Prognosis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prognosis?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":568482,"name":"Biological markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biological_markers?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":584615,"name":"Disease Progression","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Disease_Progression?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1281378,"name":"Aspartate Aminotransferases","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aspartate_Aminotransferases?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1318932,"name":"Predictive value of tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Predictive_value_of_tests?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1473454,"name":"Liver function tests","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver_function_tests?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1819399,"name":"Case Control Studies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Control_Studies?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":2112739,"name":"Alanine Transaminase","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alanine_Transaminase?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9410485" data-work_id="9410485" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9410485/Right_ventricular_outflow_tract_reconstruction_using_Contegra_conduit_in_Tetralogy_of_Fallot_single_centre_experience">Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction using Contegra® conduit in Tetralogy of Fallot: single centre experience</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Background Right Ventricular Outflow Tract {RVOT} reconstruction using a conduit may be used in Tetralogy of Fallot patients who would otherwise require a trans-annular patch with the advantages of avoidance of free pulmonary... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9410485" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Background Right Ventricular Outflow Tract {RVOT} reconstruction using a conduit may be used in Tetralogy of Fallot patients who would otherwise require a trans-annular patch with the advantages of avoidance of free pulmonary regurgitation with its deleterious short and long term effects. Whereas an ideal conduit remains undefined, Contegra® bovine jugular vein bioprosthesis has been increasingly favored for this purpose worldwide. Present study summarizes the early and midterm outcome of Contegra bioprosthesis in RVOT reconstruction in patients of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods Between Jan 2000 to April 2009, 34 patients of TOF required conduit reconstruction of RVOT using Contegra at our centre. Hospital records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients were in the age range of 2 to 20 years [mean age 3.2 years] and weighing between 12 to 57 kg [mean weight 15 kg].There were two early and no late deaths at a mean follow up of 23 months [range 6–110 months]. There were no reintervention or reoperations. All patients had trans-thoracic echo before leaving hospital with a mean pulmonary valve pressure gradient of 11.7 ± 6.1 mmHg. During the whole follow-up, there was no pressure gradient detectable across the conduit valve in 15 patients (44%). The maximal transvalvular peak gradients of 22–28 mmHg were measured in 3 patients (8%). Also, there was no valvular incompetence at all detectable in 20 patients (58%). Grade 1 regurgitation was seen in 10 patients (29%). Conclusions The Contegra bovine xenograft offers many advantages. It is suitable for patients of all age groups and is technically simple and safe to implant and provides excellent midterm hemodynamic results.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9410485" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a6aa1065574297bf0a07ee93cb156e54" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47793415,"asset_id":9410485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47793415/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="21870902" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SaketAgarwal4">Saket Agarwal</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="21870902" type="text/json">{"id":21870902,"first_name":"Saket","last_name":"Agarwal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaketAgarwal4","display_name":"Saket Agarwal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaketAgarwal4?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9410485 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9410485"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9410485, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9410485", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9410485]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9410485").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9410485").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9410485"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">42</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="128" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History">History</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="128" type="text/json">{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="606" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiology">Cardiology</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="606" type="text/json">{"id":606,"name":"Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="647" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery">Surgery</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="647" type="text/json">{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="6200" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="6200" type="text/json">{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9410485]'), work: {"id":9410485,"title":"Right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction using Contegra® conduit in Tetralogy of Fallot: single centre experience","created_at":"2014-11-20T02:29:23.131-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9410485/Right_ventricular_outflow_tract_reconstruction_using_Contegra_conduit_in_Tetralogy_of_Fallot_single_centre_experience?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_9410485","summary":"Background Right Ventricular Outflow Tract {RVOT} reconstruction using a conduit may be used in Tetralogy of Fallot patients who would otherwise require a trans-annular patch with the advantages of avoidance of free pulmonary regurgitation with its deleterious short and long term effects. Whereas an ideal conduit remains undefined, Contegra® bovine jugular vein bioprosthesis has been increasingly favored for this purpose worldwide. Present study summarizes the early and midterm outcome of Contegra bioprosthesis in RVOT reconstruction in patients of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Methods Between Jan 2000 to April 2009, 34 patients of TOF required conduit reconstruction of RVOT using Contegra at our centre. Hospital records of these patients were retrospectively reviewed. Results Patients were in the age range of 2 to 20 years [mean age 3.2 years] and weighing between 12 to 57 kg [mean weight 15 kg].There were two early and no late deaths at a mean follow up of 23 months [range 6–110 months]. There were no reintervention or reoperations. All patients had trans-thoracic echo before leaving hospital with a mean pulmonary valve pressure gradient of 11.7 ± 6.1 mmHg. During the whole follow-up, there was no pressure gradient detectable across the conduit valve in 15 patients (44%). The maximal transvalvular peak gradients of 22–28 mmHg were measured in 3 patients (8%). Also, there was no valvular incompetence at all detectable in 20 patients (58%). Grade 1 regurgitation was seen in 10 patients (29%). Conclusions The Contegra bovine xenograft offers many advantages. It is suitable for patients of all age groups and is technically simple and safe to implant and provides excellent midterm hemodynamic results.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47793415,"asset_id":9410485,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":21870902,"first_name":"Saket","last_name":"Agarwal","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"SaketAgarwal4","display_name":"Saket Agarwal","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/SaketAgarwal4?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":128,"name":"History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":606,"name":"Cardiology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiology?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":647,"name":"Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Surgery?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":6200,"name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Magnetic_Resonance_Imaging?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":9043,"name":"Performance","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Performance?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":9588,"name":"Natural History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Natural_History?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":10610,"name":"Survival Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Survival_Analysis?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":12426,"name":"Treatment Outcome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment_Outcome?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":39851,"name":"Cardiac Surgery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cardiac_Surgery?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":41482,"name":"Multivariate Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multivariate_Analysis?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":46824,"name":"Echocardiography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Echocardiography?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":57980,"name":"Congenital Heart Defects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Congenital_Heart_Defects?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":77975,"name":"Reconstruction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reconstruction?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":102574,"name":"Thorax","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Thorax?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":133057,"name":"Young Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Young_Adult?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":134346,"name":"Infant","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Infant?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":253560,"name":"Newborn 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href="https://www.academia.edu/27656551/Investigating_Representations_of_Ratio_among_Prospective_Mathematics_Teachers_a_Study_of_Student_Teachers_and_Students_of_Mathematics_in_an_Irish_University">Investigating Representations of Ratio among Prospective Mathematics Teachers: a Study of Student-Teachers and Students of Mathematics in an Irish University</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27656551" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="087bef750c7198ee43e1528ff0cc07f4" rel="nofollow" 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Oldham","profile_url":"https://tcd.academia.edu/ElizabethOldham?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/38758072/10745357/20136851/s65_elizabeth.oldham.jpg"},{"id":2647493,"first_name":"Elsa","last_name":"Price","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"ElsaPrice","display_name":"Elsa Price","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ElsaPrice?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/2647493/843821/1048743/s65_elsa.price.jpg"},{"id":17988835,"first_name":"Laurinda Leite","last_name":"Leite","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"LaurindaLeiteLeite","display_name":"Laurinda Leite Leite","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/LaurindaLeiteLeite?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27706332" data-work_id="27706332" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27706332/Effects_of_adlay_species_and_rice_flour_ratio_on_the_physicochemical_properties_and_texture_characteristic_of_adlay_based_extrudates">Effects of adlay species and rice flour ratio on the physicochemical properties and texture characteristic of adlay-based extrudates</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">The effect of extrusion parameters, including adlay species (Taichung No. 1, Okayama zairai, Hatohikari, Hatomusume) and rice flour levels (0%, 25%, 50%) on the physicochemical properties (bulk density, radial expansion ratio,... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27706332" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">The effect of extrusion parameters, including adlay species (Taichung No. 1, Okayama zairai, Hatohikari, Hatomusume) and rice flour levels (0%, 25%, 50%) on the physicochemical properties (bulk density, radial expansion ratio, longitudinal expansion, water absorption index (WAI) and water solubility index (WSI)), and textural characteristic (hardness) of an adlay-based extrudate was investigated. The Hatohikari species had highest radial expansion ratio and longitudinal expansion, but lowest bulk density and hardness. However, the Taichung No.1 species had lowest radial expansion ratio and longitudinal expansion, but highest bulk density and hardness. The Hatohikari species polished Adlay extrudates had the maximum WSI and minimum WAI. However, the Hatomusume species had minimum WSI and maximum WAI. The results also indicated that increasing the rice flour level resulted in an increase in extrudates' radial expansion ratio and WAI, however, a decrease in extrudates' longitudinal expansion, bulk density, hardness and WSI.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27706332" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="a1512ebcf0b1fdcf94b82b2299122008" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47973731,"asset_id":27706332,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47973731/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="51952360" href="https://independent.academia.edu/JenshinnLin">Jenshinn Lin</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="51952360" type="text/json">{"id":51952360,"first_name":"Jenshinn","last_name":"Lin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenshinnLin","display_name":"Jenshinn Lin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenshinnLin?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27706332 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27706332"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27706332, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27706332", }); 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The Hatohikari species had highest radial expansion ratio and longitudinal expansion, but lowest bulk density and hardness. However, the Taichung No.1 species had lowest radial expansion ratio and longitudinal expansion, but highest bulk density and hardness. The Hatohikari species polished Adlay extrudates had the maximum WSI and minimum WAI. However, the Hatomusume species had minimum WSI and maximum WAI. The results also indicated that increasing the rice flour level resulted in an increase in extrudates' radial expansion ratio and WAI, however, a decrease in extrudates' longitudinal expansion, bulk density, hardness and WSI.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47973731,"asset_id":27706332,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":51952360,"first_name":"Jenshinn","last_name":"Lin","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"JenshinnLin","display_name":"Jenshinn Lin","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/JenshinnLin?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":4468,"name":"Food Engineering","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Engineering?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":226081,"name":"Texture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Texture?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":573653,"name":"Food Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Food_Sciences?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1032175,"name":"Bulk Density","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bulk_Density?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_1045630" data-work_id="1045630" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/1045630/Estimating_burn_severity_from_Landsat_dNBR_and_RdNBR_indices_across_western_Canada">Estimating burn severity from Landsat dNBR and RdNBR indices across western Canada</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">National parks in western Canada experience wildland fire events at differing frequencies, intensities, and burn severities. These episodic disturbances have varying implications for various biotic and abiotic processes and patterns. To... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_1045630" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">National parks in western Canada experience wildland fire events at differing frequencies, intensities, and burn severities. These episodic disturbances have varying implications for various biotic and abiotic processes and patterns. To predict burn severity, the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm, derived from Landsat imagery, has been used extensively throughout the wildland fire community. In Canada, few accuracy assessments have been undertaken to compare the accuracy of the dNBR algorithm to its relative form (RdNBR). To investigate the accuracies of these two algorithms in Canada's National Parks, we hypothesized that RdNBR would outperform dNBR in two specific applications based on former research by . The first was the capacity of the RdNBR to produce more accurate results than dNBR over a wide range of fires and secondly in pre-fire landscapes with low canopy closure and high heterogeneity. To investigate these questions, dNBR and RdNBR indices were extracted from Landsat imagery and compared to the measurements of the Composite Burn Index . Following this, best fit models were developed and statistically tested at the individual, regional, overall, and vegetative levels. We then developed confusion matrices to assess the relative strength and weakness of each model. As an additional means of comparing model accuracy, we tested Hall et al.'s (2008) non-linear model in estimating burn severity for the study's western boreal region and individual fires. The results indicate that across all fires, the RdNBR-derived model did not estimate burn severity more accurately than dNBR (65.2% versus 70.2% classification accuracy, respectively) nor in the heterogeneous and low canopy cover landscapes. In addition, we conclude that RdNBR is no more effective than dNBR at the regional, individual, and fine-scale vegetation levels. The model was found to estimate burn severity in the western boreal region with a higher overall kappa than both the dNBR and RdNBR study models. The results herein support the continued research and pursuit of developing regional remote sensing derived models in western Canada.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/1045630" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="47cfb97aa8a1addc3d1195bb912e9236" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33080844,"asset_id":1045630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33080844/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="884052" href="https://ubc.academia.edu/NicholasSoverel">Nicholas Soverel</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="884052" type="text/json">{"id":884052,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Soverel","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"NicholasSoverel","display_name":"Nicholas Soverel","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/NicholasSoverel?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/884052/321579/381309/s65_nicholas.soverel.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_1045630 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="1045630"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 1045630, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_1045630", }); 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These episodic disturbances have varying implications for various biotic and abiotic processes and patterns. To predict burn severity, the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm, derived from Landsat imagery, has been used extensively throughout the wildland fire community. In Canada, few accuracy assessments have been undertaken to compare the accuracy of the dNBR algorithm to its relative form (RdNBR). To investigate the accuracies of these two algorithms in Canada's National Parks, we hypothesized that RdNBR would outperform dNBR in two specific applications based on former research by . The first was the capacity of the RdNBR to produce more accurate results than dNBR over a wide range of fires and secondly in pre-fire landscapes with low canopy closure and high heterogeneity. To investigate these questions, dNBR and RdNBR indices were extracted from Landsat imagery and compared to the measurements of the Composite Burn Index . Following this, best fit models were developed and statistically tested at the individual, regional, overall, and vegetative levels. We then developed confusion matrices to assess the relative strength and weakness of each model. As an additional means of comparing model accuracy, we tested Hall et al.'s (2008) non-linear model in estimating burn severity for the study's western boreal region and individual fires. The results indicate that across all fires, the RdNBR-derived model did not estimate burn severity more accurately than dNBR (65.2% versus 70.2% classification accuracy, respectively) nor in the heterogeneous and low canopy cover landscapes. In addition, we conclude that RdNBR is no more effective than dNBR at the regional, individual, and fine-scale vegetation levels. The model was found to estimate burn severity in the western boreal region with a higher overall kappa than both the dNBR and RdNBR study models. The results herein support the continued research and pursuit of developing regional remote sensing derived models in western Canada.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":33080844,"asset_id":1045630,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":884052,"first_name":"Nicholas","last_name":"Soverel","domain_name":"ubc","page_name":"NicholasSoverel","display_name":"Nicholas Soverel","profile_url":"https://ubc.academia.edu/NicholasSoverel?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/884052/321579/381309/s65_nicholas.soverel.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":428,"name":"Algorithms","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Algorithms?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1252,"name":"Remote Sensing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":5499,"name":"Fire 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Environment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Remote_Sensing_of_the_Nearshore_Environment?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":220049,"name":"Accuracy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accuracy?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":284869,"name":"National Park","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/National_Park?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":360093,"name":"Utilization","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Utilization?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":363276,"name":"Capacity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Capacity?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":507620,"name":"Comparative modeling","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Comparative_modeling?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":615162,"name":"Accuracy Assessment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accuracy_Assessment?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":638808,"name":"Precision","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Precision?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":703835,"name":"Statistical 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$(".js-view-count-work_3066349").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="3066349"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">11</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="300" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics">Mathematics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="300" type="text/json">{"id":300,"name":"Mathematics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mathematics?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="11845" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning">Meaning</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="11845" type="text/json">{"id":11845,"name":"Meaning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meaning?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=3066349]'), work: {"id":3066349,"title":"Was russell an 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})();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_4918309" data-work_id="4918309" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4918309/COMPARATIVE_EFFICIENCY_OF_SUNFLOWER_MEAL_AND_COTTONSEED_CAKES_IN_THE_FEED_OF_CROSSBRED_CALVES_FOR_MEAT_PRODUCTION">COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF SUNFLOWER MEAL AND COTTONSEED CAKES IN THE FEED OF CROSSBRED CALVES FOR MEAT PRODUCTION</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Thirty crossbred (Sahiwal x Friesian) male calves of 9-10 months age and weighing 70 to 90 kg, were used in completely randomized design to investigate the possibility of replacing cottonseed cakes (CSC) with sunflower meal (SFM),... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_4918309" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Thirty crossbred (Sahiwal x Friesian) male calves of 9-10 months age and weighing 70 to 90 kg, were used in completely randomized design to investigate the possibility of replacing cottonseed cakes (CSC) with sunflower meal (SFM), partially or completely, in rations for fattening of crossbred calves for meat production. Three concentrate rations viz. A, B and C were formulated. Ration A containing CSC was fed to the calves of group A, ration B containing SFM was fed to calves of group B and ration C containing both CSC + SFM was fed to calves of group C. The feed intake of calves belonging to group C was the highest (5.7 ± 2.3 kg) followed by group B (5.5 ± 1.3 kg) and group A (5.2 ± 2.0 kg). Average daily body weight gain was 0.73 ± 0.1, 0.72 ± 0.2 and 0.71 ± 0.1 kg for groups A, B and C, respectively. Calves fed SFM gained numerically less than the calves fed CSC but higher than SFM+ CSC. Feed conversion ratio was 7.1 ± 0.4, 7.7 ± 0.7 and 8.0 ± 0.6, for calves of groups A, B and C, respectively. Dressing percentage averaged 51.5 ± 1.3, 52.1 ± 1.2 and 52.3 ± 0.8 for the respective rations. However, the differences in feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentages among calves of three groups were non significant. Considering the cost of feed and average growth, the cost of per kg body weight gain was 38, 30 and 37 rupees for the groups A, B and C, respectively. The lowest cost was observed in SFM based ration (B) that was about 19% less than ration containing CSC. Results indicated that for fattening of crossbred calves the use of SFM is as efficient as CSC but more economical and can successfully replace CSC in fattening rations.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/4918309" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="f670d07da5de03e40cc5fba97c1779e5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":49558769,"asset_id":4918309,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/49558769/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="6444196" href="https://independent.academia.edu/shahzadwaseem">waseem shahzad</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="6444196" type="text/json">{"id":6444196,"first_name":"waseem","last_name":"shahzad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"shahzadwaseem","display_name":"waseem shahzad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/shahzadwaseem?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_4918309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="4918309"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 4918309, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_4918309", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_4918309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4918309; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_4918309"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_4918309 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="4918309"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 4918309; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=4918309]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_4918309").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_4918309").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="4918309"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="416118" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunflower">Sunflower</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="416118" type="text/json">{"id":416118,"name":"Sunflower","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunflower?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="613764" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meat_products">Meat products</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="613764" type="text/json">{"id":613764,"name":"Meat products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meat_products?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1445863" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feed_Intake">Feed Intake</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1445863" type="text/json">{"id":1445863,"name":"Feed Intake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feed_Intake?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=4918309]'), work: {"id":4918309,"title":"COMPARATIVE EFFICIENCY OF SUNFLOWER MEAL AND COTTONSEED CAKES IN THE FEED OF CROSSBRED CALVES FOR MEAT PRODUCTION","created_at":"2013-10-28T19:56:28.752-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/4918309/COMPARATIVE_EFFICIENCY_OF_SUNFLOWER_MEAL_AND_COTTONSEED_CAKES_IN_THE_FEED_OF_CROSSBRED_CALVES_FOR_MEAT_PRODUCTION?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_4918309","summary":"Thirty crossbred (Sahiwal x Friesian) male calves of 9-10 months age and weighing 70 to 90 kg, were used in completely randomized design to investigate the possibility of replacing cottonseed cakes (CSC) with sunflower meal (SFM), partially or completely, in rations for fattening of crossbred calves for meat production. Three concentrate rations viz. A, B and C were formulated. Ration A containing CSC was fed to the calves of group A, ration B containing SFM was fed to calves of group B and ration C containing both CSC + SFM was fed to calves of group C. The feed intake of calves belonging to group C was the highest (5.7 ± 2.3 kg) followed by group B (5.5 ± 1.3 kg) and group A (5.2 ± 2.0 kg). Average daily body weight gain was 0.73 ± 0.1, 0.72 ± 0.2 and 0.71 ± 0.1 kg for groups A, B and C, respectively. Calves fed SFM gained numerically less than the calves fed CSC but higher than SFM+ CSC. Feed conversion ratio was 7.1 ± 0.4, 7.7 ± 0.7 and 8.0 ± 0.6, for calves of groups A, B and C, respectively. Dressing percentage averaged 51.5 ± 1.3, 52.1 ± 1.2 and 52.3 ± 0.8 for the respective rations. However, the differences in feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio and dressing percentages among calves of three groups were non significant. Considering the cost of feed and average growth, the cost of per kg body weight gain was 38, 30 and 37 rupees for the groups A, B and C, respectively. The lowest cost was observed in SFM based ration (B) that was about 19% less than ration containing CSC. Results indicated that for fattening of crossbred calves the use of SFM is as efficient as CSC but more economical and can successfully replace CSC in fattening rations.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":49558769,"asset_id":4918309,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":6444196,"first_name":"waseem","last_name":"shahzad","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"shahzadwaseem","display_name":"waseem shahzad","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/shahzadwaseem?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":416118,"name":"Sunflower","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sunflower?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":613764,"name":"Meat products","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Meat_products?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1445863,"name":"Feed Intake","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feed_Intake?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_27195248" data-work_id="27195248" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/27195248/On_the_Value_and_Scope_of_Freedom">On the Value and Scope of Freedom</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">We have a practical, not merely theoretical interest in freedom. The question that is considered in this paper, is what it is that we value about freedom. It is proposed that what we value is being able to get what we most want (or... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_27195248" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have a practical, not merely theoretical interest in freedom. The question that is considered in this paper, is what it is that we value about freedom. It is proposed that what we value is being able to get what we most want (or value), because that is what we most want (or value). This account is compatible with determinism. Certain accounts opposed to determinism are considered and rejected. On these accounts freedom requires either a particular sort of indeterminism, or requires a special form of causation, agent-causation, or requires that the agent be a certain sort of selfconstituting entity. It is argued that even if these accounts were less metaphysically problematic than they are, they would not give us a 'freedom' that we would value, nor would they secure conditions under which an action would be praise -or blameworthy. It is also argued, that a certain sort of capacity to control ourselves is not a precondition for freedom, though such a capacity would add to the scope of our freedom.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/27195248" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="092f5a859152b7bf198241ddf9204f14" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":47447775,"asset_id":27195248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/47447775/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20809632" href="https://wits.academia.edu/MarkLeon">Mark Leon</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20809632" type="text/json">{"id":20809632,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Leon","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"MarkLeon","display_name":"Mark Leon","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/MarkLeon?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_27195248 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="27195248"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 27195248, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_27195248", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=27195248]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_27195248").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_27195248").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="27195248"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=27195248]'), work: {"id":27195248,"title":"On the Value and Scope of Freedom","created_at":"2016-07-23T01:16:26.188-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/27195248/On_the_Value_and_Scope_of_Freedom?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_27195248","summary":"We have a practical, not merely theoretical interest in freedom. The question that is considered in this paper, is what it is that we value about freedom. It is proposed that what we value is being able to get what we most want (or value), because that is what we most want (or value). This account is compatible with determinism. Certain accounts opposed to determinism are considered and rejected. On these accounts freedom requires either a particular sort of indeterminism, or requires a special form of causation, agent-causation, or requires that the agent be a certain sort of selfconstituting entity. It is argued that even if these accounts were less metaphysically problematic than they are, they would not give us a 'freedom' that we would value, nor would they secure conditions under which an action would be praise -or blameworthy. It is also argued, that a certain sort of capacity to control ourselves is not a precondition for freedom, though such a capacity would add to the scope of our freedom.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":47447775,"asset_id":27195248,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20809632,"first_name":"Mark","last_name":"Leon","domain_name":"wits","page_name":"MarkLeon","display_name":"Mark Leon","profile_url":"https://wits.academia.edu/MarkLeon?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_623684" data-work_id="623684" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/623684/Corporeal_Objects_and_the_Interdependence_of_Perception_and_Action">Corporeal Objects and the Interdependence of Perception and Action</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/623684" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35c43bca8dc93d9a5ea7a97fd64a6a3c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":33041190,"asset_id":623684,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/33041190/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="5704" href="https://reading.academia.edu/MaximiliandeGaynesford">Maximilian de Gaynesford</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="5704" type="text/json">{"id":5704,"first_name":"Maximilian","last_name":"de Gaynesford","domain_name":"reading","page_name":"MaximiliandeGaynesford","display_name":"Maximilian de Gaynesford","profile_url":"https://reading.academia.edu/MaximiliandeGaynesford?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/5704/2203/38482781/s65_maximilian.de_gaynesford.jpeg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_623684 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="623684"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 623684, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_623684", }); 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The partial URSM sequence is de®ned as a single perineal/anal... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_26203253" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">We have identi®ed 25 cases with what we are calling the partial urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence, which were seen in our institution over the past 27 years. The partial URSM sequence is de®ned as a single perineal/anal opening that drains a common cloaca in combination with an absent (imperforate) anus. In the 25 patients reported here, the partial URSM sequence was more common in females, with a female to male ratio of 18 to 7. Ambiguous genitalia were common in both sexes. Internal pelvic structures typically showed a cloaca with the bladder and rectum (and vagina in females) coalescing into a common canal that connected to the external surface in the perineal or anal area. Abnormalities of the internal genitalia were also common, with 12 females having a bi®d or septate vagina and 11 having a bicornuate uterus. Renal anomalies were frequent in both sexes, with 10 of 25 patients having unilateral cystic renal dysplasia and 7 of 25 patients having unilateral renal agenesis. Twenty-one of 25 patients survived long term. By de®nition, the partial URSM sequence is a milder expression of the full URSM sequence, which is de®ned as having no perineal or anal openings and is typically associated with an internal cloaca. The URSM spectrum, which encompasses the partial and full URSM sequences, is believed to be caused by abnormalities of septation of the primitive cloaca. The URSM spectrum is distinct from the VATER association and conditions caused by sex hormone abnormalities, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ß</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/26203253" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="462a5ea8eb7212c7a260768918af9163" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":46524246,"asset_id":26203253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46524246/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="33917237" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DavidWeaver10">David Weaver</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="33917237" type="text/json">{"id":33917237,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Weaver","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidWeaver10","display_name":"David Weaver","profile_url":"https://independent.academia.edu/DavidWeaver10?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_26203253 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="26203253"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 26203253, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_26203253", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=26203253]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_26203253").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_26203253").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="26203253"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="156" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics">Genetics</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="156" type="text/json">{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="3614" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure">Structure</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="3614" type="text/json">{"id":3614,"name":"Structure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Structure?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42502" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institution">Institution</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42502" type="text/json">{"id":42502,"name":"Institution","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Institution?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="64933" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child">Child</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="64933" type="text/json">{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=26203253]'), work: {"id":26203253,"title":"Partial urorectal septum malformation sequence: A report of 25 cases","created_at":"2016-06-15T19:16:53.490-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/26203253/Partial_urorectal_septum_malformation_sequence_A_report_of_25_cases?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_26203253","summary":"We have identi®ed 25 cases with what we are calling the partial urorectal septum malformation (URSM) sequence, which were seen in our institution over the past 27 years. The partial URSM sequence is de®ned as a single perineal/anal opening that drains a common cloaca in combination with an absent (imperforate) anus. In the 25 patients reported here, the partial URSM sequence was more common in females, with a female to male ratio of 18 to 7. Ambiguous genitalia were common in both sexes. Internal pelvic structures typically showed a cloaca with the bladder and rectum (and vagina in females) coalescing into a common canal that connected to the external surface in the perineal or anal area. Abnormalities of the internal genitalia were also common, with 12 females having a bi®d or septate vagina and 11 having a bicornuate uterus. Renal anomalies were frequent in both sexes, with 10 of 25 patients having unilateral cystic renal dysplasia and 7 of 25 patients having unilateral renal agenesis. Twenty-one of 25 patients survived long term. By de®nition, the partial URSM sequence is a milder expression of the full URSM sequence, which is de®ned as having no perineal or anal openings and is typically associated with an internal cloaca. The URSM spectrum, which encompasses the partial and full URSM sequences, is believed to be caused by abnormalities of septation of the primitive cloaca. The URSM spectrum is distinct from the VATER association and conditions caused by sex hormone abnormalities, such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia. ß","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46524246,"asset_id":26203253,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":33917237,"first_name":"David","last_name":"Weaver","domain_name":"independent","page_name":"DavidWeaver10","display_name":"David 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class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Although only a partial m-opiate agonist, buprenorphine can be abused and diverted from medical therapy to the illicit drug market. A combination of buprenorphine and naloxone for sublingual administration may discourage diversion and... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_33012965" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Although only a partial m-opiate agonist, buprenorphine can be abused and diverted from medical therapy to the illicit drug market. A combination of buprenorphine and naloxone for sublingual administration may discourage diversion and abuse by precipitating opiate withdrawal when taken parenterally. Because opiate-abusing populations are not homogeneous and have varying levels of opiate dependence, the efficacy of buprenorphine and naloxone in precipitating opiate withdrawal or in attenuating the pleasurable effects of buprenorphine may vary. This chapter describes the effects of sublingual and parenteral buprenorphine and naloxone combinations in several populations of opiate-dependent people. We conclude that buprenorphine and naloxone combinations should not diminish the efficacy of sublingual buprenorphine, but should have lower abuse liability than buprenorphine alone. #</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/33012965" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="35337351b9edbbdd50884a3cf98ab073" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":53125702,"asset_id":33012965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/53125702/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="34022698" href="https://cpmc.academia.edu/JohnMendelson">John Mendelson</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="34022698" type="text/json">{"id":34022698,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Mendelson","domain_name":"cpmc","page_name":"JohnMendelson","display_name":"John Mendelson","profile_url":"https://cpmc.academia.edu/JohnMendelson?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_33012965 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="33012965"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 33012965, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_33012965", }); 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A combination of buprenorphine and naloxone for sublingual administration may discourage diversion and abuse by precipitating opiate withdrawal when taken parenterally. Because opiate-abusing populations are not homogeneous and have varying levels of opiate dependence, the efficacy of buprenorphine and naloxone in precipitating opiate withdrawal or in attenuating the pleasurable effects of buprenorphine may vary. This chapter describes the effects of sublingual and parenteral buprenorphine and naloxone combinations in several populations of opiate-dependent people. We conclude that buprenorphine and naloxone combinations should not diminish the efficacy of sublingual buprenorphine, but should have lower abuse liability than buprenorphine alone. #","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":53125702,"asset_id":33012965,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":34022698,"first_name":"John","last_name":"Mendelson","domain_name":"cpmc","page_name":"JohnMendelson","display_name":"John Mendelson","profile_url":"https://cpmc.academia.edu/JohnMendelson?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":8910,"name":"Evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Evaluation?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":8942,"name":"Treatment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Treatment?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":23390,"name":"Pharmaceutical Chemistry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pharmaceutical_Chemistry?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":143599,"name":"Buprenorphine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Buprenorphine?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":512402,"name":"Illicit Drugs","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Illicit_Drugs?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":543531,"name":"Drug evaluation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Drug_evaluation?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1128472,"name":"Naloxone","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Naloxone?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":2463778,"name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Trials_as_Topic?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_37689008" data-work_id="37689008" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/37689008/_Sobre_la_noci%C3%B3n_significado_e_importancia_de_la_Escuela_de_Toledo_Disputatio_Philosophical_Research_Bulletin_6_7_2017_pp_537_579">«Sobre la noción, significado e importancia de la Escuela de Toledo». Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin 6:7 (2017), pp. 537-579.</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">[ES] El principal centro intelectual y de traducción en la península ibérica en los siglos XII y XIII sin duda fue la Escuela de Toledo o también llamada Escuela de Traductores de Toledo. Jourdain fue uno de los primeros que se percató de... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_37689008" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">[ES] El principal centro intelectual y de traducción en la península ibérica en los siglos XII y XIII sin duda fue la Escuela de Toledo o también llamada Escuela de Traductores de Toledo. Jourdain fue uno de los primeros que se percató de la importancia de ella, y de ello dio cuenta en los resultados preliminares de sus investigaciones en 1819. Las referencias a la Escuela de Toledo, desde entonces, y, en especial, las controversias sobre su significado, existencia e importancia no han cesado y tampoco hay acuerdos sobre ciertos aspectos básicos, debido sobre todo a una mezcla de intereses intelectuales, políticos, sociales e identitarios. Naturalmente en este trabajo no pretendo solucionar dichas controversias, sino tan sólo ofrecer algunas precisiones históricas y semánticas relativas al significado de la noción Escuela de Toledo. Así, en primer lugar, contextualizaré el origen de la denominación Escuela de Traductores de Toledo, para ello analizaré las contribuciones germinales de Jourdain y Rose; luego describiré la recepción de estas nociones en Renan y Menéndez Pelayo, y finalmente, ofreceré unas notas para la comprensión de la noción de Escuela de Toledo, que estarán centradas en examinar: (1) la importancia de Toledo; (2) la existencia de una escuela formal; y (3) la actividad realizada en Toledo.<br />[EN] The main intellectual and translation center in the Iberian Peninsula in the twelfth and thirteenth century, without a doubt, was the School of Toledo, or also called School of Translators of Toledo. Jourdain was one of the first to realize the importance of it, and he gave an account in the preliminary results of his research in 1819. Since then, references to the Toledo School, and, especially, disputes over its significance, existence and importance have not ceased, and so, there are no agreements on certain basic aspects, due above all to a mixture of intellectual, political, social and identity interests. Naturally, in this work I do not intend to solve these controversies, but only to offer some historical and semantic precisions regarding the meaning of the School of Toledo notion. So, first, I will contextualize the origin of the denomination School of Translators of Toledo; for this, I will analyze the germinal contributions of Jourdain and Rose; then, I will describe the reception of these notions in Renan and Menéndez Pelayo, and finally, I will offer some notes for the understanding of the notion of Toledo School, which will be focused on examining: (1) the importance of Toledo; (2) the existence of a formal school; and (3) the activity carried out in Toledo.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/37689008" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="1b2a58e959cf51a97aa5570e3452ef5c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":57679621,"asset_id":37689008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/57679621/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ1OSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="54710" href="https://utpl.academia.edu/pvelez">Paulo Vélez León</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="54710" type="text/json">{"id":54710,"first_name":"Paulo","last_name":"Vélez León","domain_name":"utpl","page_name":"pvelez","display_name":"Paulo Vélez León","profile_url":"https://utpl.academia.edu/pvelez?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54710/16322/18184475/s65_paulo.v_lez_le_n.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_37689008 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="37689008"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 37689008, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_37689008", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=37689008]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_37689008").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_37689008").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="37689008"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">13</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl10x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="13980" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Philosophy">Arabic Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="13980" type="text/json">{"id":13980,"name":"Arabic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="42117" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfonso_X_el_Sabio">Alfonso X el Sabio</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="42117" type="text/json">{"id":42117,"name":"Alfonso X el Sabio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfonso_X_el_Sabio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="44096" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge">Knowledge</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="44096" type="text/json">{"id":44096,"name":"Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="58660" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Aristotelianism">Medieval Aristotelianism</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="58660" type="text/json">{"id":58660,"name":"Medieval Aristotelianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Aristotelianism?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=37689008]'), work: {"id":37689008,"title":"«Sobre la noción, significado e importancia de la Escuela de Toledo». Disputatio. Philosophical Research Bulletin 6:7 (2017), pp. 537-579.","created_at":"2018-11-01T19:59:22.444-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/37689008/_Sobre_la_noci%C3%B3n_significado_e_importancia_de_la_Escuela_de_Toledo_Disputatio_Philosophical_Research_Bulletin_6_7_2017_pp_537_579?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_37689008","summary":"[ES] El principal centro intelectual y de traducción en la península ibérica en los siglos XII y XIII sin duda fue la Escuela de Toledo o también llamada Escuela de Traductores de Toledo. Jourdain fue uno de los primeros que se percató de la importancia de ella, y de ello dio cuenta en los resultados preliminares de sus investigaciones en 1819. Las referencias a la Escuela de Toledo, desde entonces, y, en especial, las controversias sobre su significado, existencia e importancia no han cesado y tampoco hay acuerdos sobre ciertos aspectos básicos, debido sobre todo a una mezcla de intereses intelectuales, políticos, sociales e identitarios. Naturalmente en este trabajo no pretendo solucionar dichas controversias, sino tan sólo ofrecer algunas precisiones históricas y semánticas relativas al significado de la noción Escuela de Toledo. Así, en primer lugar, contextualizaré el origen de la denominación Escuela de Traductores de Toledo, para ello analizaré las contribuciones germinales de Jourdain y Rose; luego describiré la recepción de estas nociones en Renan y Menéndez Pelayo, y finalmente, ofreceré unas notas para la comprensión de la noción de Escuela de Toledo, que estarán centradas en examinar: (1) la importancia de Toledo; (2) la existencia de una escuela formal; y (3) la actividad realizada en Toledo.\n[EN] The main intellectual and translation center in the Iberian Peninsula in the twelfth and thirteenth century, without a doubt, was the School of Toledo, or also called School of Translators of Toledo. Jourdain was one of the first to realize the importance of it, and he gave an account in the preliminary results of his research in 1819. Since then, references to the Toledo School, and, especially, disputes over its significance, existence and importance have not ceased, and so, there are no agreements on certain basic aspects, due above all to a mixture of intellectual, political, social and identity interests. Naturally, in this work I do not intend to solve these controversies, but only to offer some historical and semantic precisions regarding the meaning of the School of Toledo notion. So, first, I will contextualize the origin of the denomination School of Translators of Toledo; for this, I will analyze the germinal contributions of Jourdain and Rose; then, I will describe the reception of these notions in Renan and Menéndez Pelayo, and finally, I will offer some notes for the understanding of the notion of Toledo School, which will be focused on examining: (1) the importance of Toledo; (2) the existence of a formal school; and (3) the activity carried out in Toledo.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":57679621,"asset_id":37689008,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":54710,"first_name":"Paulo","last_name":"Vélez León","domain_name":"utpl","page_name":"pvelez","display_name":"Paulo Vélez León","profile_url":"https://utpl.academia.edu/pvelez?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/54710/16322/18184475/s65_paulo.v_lez_le_n.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":13980,"name":"Arabic Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Arabic_Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":42117,"name":"Alfonso X el Sabio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Alfonso_X_el_Sabio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":44096,"name":"Knowledge","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knowledge?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":58660,"name":"Medieval Aristotelianism","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medieval_Aristotelianism?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":79915,"name":"Gundisalvo","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gundisalvo?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":145998,"name":"Conocimiento","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Conocimiento?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":488054,"name":"Historia de la filosofía","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Historia_de_la_filosof%C3%ADa?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":620285,"name":"History of Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_of_Philosophy?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":852826,"name":"Gerard of Cremona","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gerard_of_Cremona?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":1265628,"name":"Dominicus Gundissalinus","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Dominicus_Gundissalinus?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":3052535,"name":"Aristotelismo medieval","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Aristotelismo_medieval?f_ri=1222887"},{"id":3052537,"name":"Filosofía árabe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Filosof%C3%ADa_%C3%A1rabe?f_ri=1222887"}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_32596296" data-work_id="32596296" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/32596296/Fondazione_etica_e_pedagogia_Il_contributo_di_Kant">Fondazione etica e pedagogia – Il contributo di Kant</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">This essay discusses the foundation of educational theory by means of the comparison with centrals principles of Kant’s ethical.</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/32596296" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="ba6e500eb12e0f0ad6a67a87c02eb8e7" 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type="text/json">{"id":58964631,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Caputo","domain_name":"nesswuno","page_name":"FrancescaCaputo","display_name":"Francesca Caputo","profile_url":"https://nesswuno.academia.edu/FrancescaCaputo?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_32596296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="32596296"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 32596296, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_32596296", }); });</script></li><li class="js-percentile-work_32596296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden u-tcGrayDark"><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x percentile-widget" style="display: none">•</span><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32596296; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-percentile-work_32596296"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></li><li class="js-view-count-work_32596296 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><div><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="32596296"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 32596296; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=32596296]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_32596296").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_32596296").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="32596296"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">4</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="19254" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Education">Moral Education</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="19254" type="text/json">{"id":19254,"name":"Moral Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Education?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="73468" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bildung">Bildung</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="73468" type="text/json">{"id":73468,"name":"Bildung","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bildung?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="138760" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Categorical_Imperative">Categorical Imperative</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="138760" type="text/json">{"id":138760,"name":"Categorical Imperative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Categorical_Imperative?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=32596296]'), work: {"id":32596296,"title":"Fondazione etica e pedagogia – Il contributo di Kant","created_at":"2017-04-23T01:34:52.882-07:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/32596296/Fondazione_etica_e_pedagogia_Il_contributo_di_Kant?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_32596296","summary":"This essay discusses the foundation of educational theory by means of the comparison with centrals principles of Kant’s ethical. ","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":52771250,"asset_id":32596296,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":58964631,"first_name":"Francesca","last_name":"Caputo","domain_name":"nesswuno","page_name":"FrancescaCaputo","display_name":"Francesca Caputo","profile_url":"https://nesswuno.academia.edu/FrancescaCaputo?f_ri=1222887","photo":"/images/s65_no_pic.png"}],"research_interests":[{"id":19254,"name":"Moral Education","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Moral_Education?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":73468,"name":"Bildung","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bildung?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":138760,"name":"Categorical Imperative","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Categorical_Imperative?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_22161108" data-work_id="22161108" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/22161108/Friendship_Without_Partiality">Friendship Without Partiality?</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">Consequentialism involves a kind of strong impartiality which seems incompatible with the sort of partiality manifested in friendships. Consequentialists such as Kagan respond that friendship does not, in fact, require partiality. Against... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_22161108" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">Consequentialism involves a kind of strong impartiality which seems incompatible with the sort of partiality manifested in friendships. Consequentialists such as Kagan respond that friendship does not, in fact, require partiality. Against this, I argue that friendship cannot exist without expressions of personal feeling, and that such expressions necessarily involve a kind of partiality. Because her every action is determined by the goal of maximizing the impersonal good, a consequentialist cannot use her actions (including actions of speech) to express her feelings for her fellows. I argue that we should expect this problem to afflict sophisticated as well as straightforward consequentialism. Finally, I consider and reject the suggestion that the consequentialist agent, who has no particular friends, can be considered a friend to everybody.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/22161108" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="456de94e39adb01fcac0deb1245989b5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":42823690,"asset_id":22161108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/42823690/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="7275305" href="https://csuchico.academia.edu/TroyJollimore">Troy Jollimore</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="7275305" type="text/json">{"id":7275305,"first_name":"Troy","last_name":"Jollimore","domain_name":"csuchico","page_name":"TroyJollimore","display_name":"Troy Jollimore","profile_url":"https://csuchico.academia.edu/TroyJollimore?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7275305/11629990/12968378/s65_troy.jollimore.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_22161108 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="22161108"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 22161108, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_22161108", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=22161108]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_22161108").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_22161108").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="22161108"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">3</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="803" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy">Philosophy</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="803" type="text/json">{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="4486" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science">Political Science</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="4486" type="text/json">{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=22161108]'), work: {"id":22161108,"title":"Friendship Without Partiality?","created_at":"2016-02-18T21:05:48.028-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/22161108/Friendship_Without_Partiality?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_22161108","summary":"Consequentialism involves a kind of strong impartiality which seems incompatible with the sort of partiality manifested in friendships. Consequentialists such as Kagan respond that friendship does not, in fact, require partiality. Against this, I argue that friendship cannot exist without expressions of personal feeling, and that such expressions necessarily involve a kind of partiality. Because her every action is determined by the goal of maximizing the impersonal good, a consequentialist cannot use her actions (including actions of speech) to express her feelings for her fellows. I argue that we should expect this problem to afflict sophisticated as well as straightforward consequentialism. Finally, I consider and reject the suggestion that the consequentialist agent, who has no particular friends, can be considered a friend to everybody.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":42823690,"asset_id":22161108,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":7275305,"first_name":"Troy","last_name":"Jollimore","domain_name":"csuchico","page_name":"TroyJollimore","display_name":"Troy Jollimore","profile_url":"https://csuchico.academia.edu/TroyJollimore?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/7275305/11629990/12968378/s65_troy.jollimore.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":803,"name":"Philosophy","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Philosophy?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":4486,"name":"Political Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Political_Science?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_9082570" data-work_id="9082570" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9082570/RESPUESTA_DEL_BANANO_Clon_Gran_Enano_A_LA_FERTIRRIGACI%C3%93N_CON_DIFERENTES_FUENTES_POT%C3%81SICAS_EN_CI%C3%89NAGA_MAGDALENA_Banana_response_to_different_potassium_sources_in_fertirrigation_at_Ci%C3%A9naga_Magdalena">RESPUESTA DEL BANANO (Clon «Gran Enano») A LA FERTIRRIGACIÓN CON DIFERENTES FUENTES POTÁSICAS EN CIÉNAGA (MAGDALENA). Banana response to different potassium sources in fertirrigation at Ciénaga, Magdalena</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest"><div class="summarized">En un sistema de fertirrigación (por goteo) se efectuó un experimento para evaluar la eficiencia agronómica y económica de dos fertilizantes potásicos (KN0 3 y K 2 S0 4 ) y su mezcla en el cultivo del banano (Clon «Gran Enano», 3ª. cepa).... <a class="more_link u-tcGrayDark u-linkUnstyled" data-container=".work_9082570" data-show=".complete" data-hide=".summarized" data-more-link-behavior="true" href="#">more</a></div><div class="complete hidden">En un sistema de fertirrigación (por goteo) se efectuó un experimento para evaluar la eficiencia agronómica y económica de dos fertilizantes potásicos (KN0 3 y K 2 S0 4 ) y su mezcla en el cultivo del banano (Clon «Gran Enano», 3ª. cepa). En comparación con el K 2 S0 4 , la fertirrigación con KN0 3 consiguió incrementar en 4,6 kg el peso promedio por racimo (P<0,01), produjo cerca de una mano más por racimo (P<0,01) y dos dedos adicionales por mano (P<0,01), incrementando también la longitud del dedo central . La mezcla en partes iguales de KN0 3 y K 2 S0 4 resultó, para algunas variables, en efectos análogos, pero de magnitud cuántica y estadística inferior. El KN0 3 , en comparación con el K 2 S0 4 , incrementó el rendimiento en cajas/racimo de 1,7 a 1,9 (319 cajas/Ha) y su relación Beneficio/Costo (B/C) fue de 10/1.</div></div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/9082570" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="bc3812718e7eeb562548ce538182a0a5" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":35380887,"asset_id":9082570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/35380887/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="20629996" href="https://ingenieria110.academia.edu/AlbertDB">Albert DB</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="20629996" type="text/json">{"id":20629996,"first_name":"Albert","last_name":"DB","domain_name":"ingenieria110","page_name":"AlbertDB","display_name":"Albert DB","profile_url":"https://ingenieria110.academia.edu/AlbertDB?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20629996/7325963/8239001/s65_albert.db.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_9082570 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="9082570"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 9082570, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_9082570", }); 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$(".js-view-count[data-work-id=9082570]").text(description); $(".js-view-count-work_9082570").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span><script>$(function() { $(".js-view-count-work_9082570").removeClass('hidden') })</script></div></li><li class="InlineList-item u-positionRelative" style="max-width: 250px"><div class="u-positionAbsolute" data-has-card-for-ri-list="9082570"><i class="fa fa-tag InlineList-item-icon u-positionRelative"></i>  <a class="InlineList-item-text u-positionRelative">2</a>  </div><span class="InlineList-item-text u-textTruncate u-pl9x"><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="219927" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficiency">Efficiency</a>, <script data-card-contents-for-ri="219927" type="text/json">{"id":219927,"name":"Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficiency?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script><a class="InlineList-item-text" data-has-card-for-ri="1222887" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio">Ratio</a><script data-card-contents-for-ri="1222887" type="text/json">{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}</script></span></li><script>(function(){ if (true) { new Aedu.ResearchInterestListCard({ el: $('*[data-has-card-for-ri-list=9082570]'), work: {"id":9082570,"title":"RESPUESTA DEL BANANO (Clon «Gran Enano») A LA FERTIRRIGACIÓN CON DIFERENTES FUENTES POTÁSICAS EN CIÉNAGA (MAGDALENA). Banana response to different potassium sources in fertirrigation at Ciénaga, Magdalena","created_at":"2014-11-02T11:48:09.196-08:00","url":"https://www.academia.edu/9082570/RESPUESTA_DEL_BANANO_Clon_Gran_Enano_A_LA_FERTIRRIGACI%C3%93N_CON_DIFERENTES_FUENTES_POT%C3%81SICAS_EN_CI%C3%89NAGA_MAGDALENA_Banana_response_to_different_potassium_sources_in_fertirrigation_at_Ci%C3%A9naga_Magdalena?f_ri=1222887","dom_id":"work_9082570","summary":"En un sistema de fertirrigación (por goteo) se efectuó un experimento para evaluar la eficiencia agronómica y económica de dos fertilizantes potásicos (KN0 3 y K 2 S0 4 ) y su mezcla en el cultivo del banano (Clon «Gran Enano», 3ª. cepa). En comparación con el K 2 S0 4 , la fertirrigación con KN0 3 consiguió incrementar en 4,6 kg el peso promedio por racimo (P\u003c0,01), produjo cerca de una mano más por racimo (P\u003c0,01) y dos dedos adicionales por mano (P\u003c0,01), incrementando también la longitud del dedo central . La mezcla en partes iguales de KN0 3 y K 2 S0 4 resultó, para algunas variables, en efectos análogos, pero de magnitud cuántica y estadística inferior. El KN0 3 , en comparación con el K 2 S0 4 , incrementó el rendimiento en cajas/racimo de 1,7 a 1,9 (319 cajas/Ha) y su relación Beneficio/Costo (B/C) fue de 10/1.","downloadable_attachments":[{"id":35380887,"asset_id":9082570,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false}],"ordered_authors":[{"id":20629996,"first_name":"Albert","last_name":"DB","domain_name":"ingenieria110","page_name":"AlbertDB","display_name":"Albert DB","profile_url":"https://ingenieria110.academia.edu/AlbertDB?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/20629996/7325963/8239001/s65_albert.db.jpg"}],"research_interests":[{"id":219927,"name":"Efficiency","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Efficiency?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true},{"id":1222887,"name":"Ratio","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ratio?f_ri=1222887","nofollow":true}]}, }) } })();</script></ul></li></ul></div></div><div class="u-borderBottom1 u-borderColorGrayLighter"><div class="clearfix u-pv7x u-mb0x js-work-card work_2573505" data-work_id="2573505" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ScholarlyArticle"><div class="header"><div class="title u-fontSerif u-fs22 u-lineHeight1_3"><a class="u-tcGrayDarkest js-work-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2573505/Bone_loss_biomarkers_associated_with_peri_implantitis_A_cross_sectional_study">Bone loss biomarkers associated with peri-implantitis. A cross-sectional study</a></div></div><div class="u-pb4x u-mt3x"><div class="summary u-fs14 u-fw300 u-lineHeight1_5 u-tcGrayDarkest">CITATIONS 16 READS 162 6 authors, including:</div></div><ul class="InlineList u-ph0x u-fs13"><li class="InlineList-item logged_in_only"><div class="share_on_academia_work_button"><a class="academia_share Button Button--inverseBlue Button--sm js-bookmark-button" data-academia-share="Work/2573505" data-share-source="work_strip" data-spinner="small_white_hide_contents"><i class="fa fa-plus"></i><span class="work-strip-link-text u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Bookmark</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><div class="download"><a id="92951b42d985ebe7bb13bc729ed62d0c" rel="nofollow" data-download="{"attachment_id":50566356,"asset_id":2573505,"asset_type":"Work","always_allow_download":false,"track":null,"button_location":"work_strip","source":null,"hide_modal":null}" class="Button Button--sm Button--inverseGreen js-download-button prompt_button doc_download" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/50566356/download_file?st=MTczOTgyMzQ2MCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=work_strip"><i class="fa fa-arrow-circle-o-down fa-lg"></i><span class="u-textUppercase u-ml1x" data-content="button_text">Download</span></a></div></li><li class="InlineList-item"><ul class="InlineList InlineList--bordered u-ph0x"><li class="InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered"><span class="InlineList-item-text">by <span itemscope="itemscope" itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><a class="u-tcGrayDark u-fw700" data-has-card-for-user="1885422" href="https://ucm.academia.edu/MarianoSanz">Mariano Sanz</a><script data-card-contents-for-user="1885422" type="text/json">{"id":1885422,"first_name":"Mariano","last_name":"Sanz","domain_name":"ucm","page_name":"MarianoSanz","display_name":"Mariano Sanz","profile_url":"https://ucm.academia.edu/MarianoSanz?f_ri=1222887","photo":"https://0.academia-photos.com/1885422/978538/1224651/s65_mariano.sanz.jpg"}</script></span></span></li><li class="js-paper-rank-work_2573505 InlineList-item InlineList-item--bordered hidden"><span class="js-paper-rank-view hidden u-tcGrayDark" data-paper-rank-work-id="2573505"><i class="u-m1x fa fa-bar-chart"></i><strong class="js-paper-rank"></strong></span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 2573505, container: ".js-paper-rank-work_2573505", }); 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