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Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="ديودوروس الكرونوسي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ديودوروس الكرونوسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodor_Kron" title="Diodor Kron – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Diodor Kron" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Диодор Крон – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Диодор Крон" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodor_Cronos" title="Diodor Cronos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Diodor Cronos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodoros_Kronos" title="Diodoros Kronos – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Diodoros Kronos" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodoros_Kronos" title="Diodoros Kronos – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Diodoros Kronos" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodoro_Cronos" title="Diodoro Cronos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Diodoro Cronos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodoro_Kronos" title="Diodoro Kronos – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Diodoro Kronos" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B3" title="دیودوروس کرونوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دیودوروس کرونوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodore_Cronos" title="Diodore Cronos – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Diodore Cronos" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodoro_Crono" title="Diodoro Crono – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Diodoro Crono" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diod%C3%B3rosz_Kronosz" title="Diodórosz Kronosz – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Diodórosz Kronosz" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodoros_Cronos" title="Diodoros Cronos – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Diodoros Cronos" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%82%AA%E3%83%89%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AD%E3%83%8E%E3%82%B9" title="ディオドロス・クロノス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ディオドロス・クロノス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodor_Kronos" title="Diodor Kronos – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Diodor Kronos" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Диодор Крон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Диодор Крон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diod%C3%B3ros_Kronos" title="Diodóros Kronos – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Diodóros Kronos" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodor_Kron" title="Diodor Kron – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Diodor Kron" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Диодор Крон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Диодор Крон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diodoros_Kronos" title="Diodoros Kronos – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Diodoros Kronos" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Діодор Крон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Діодор Крон" data-language-autonym="Українська" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Diodorus, see <a href="/wiki/Diodorus_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Diodorus (disambiguation)">Diodorus (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies excessively on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please improve this article by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research#Primary,_secondary_and_tertiary_sources" title="Wikipedia:No original research">secondary or tertiary sources</a>. <br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Diodorus+Cronus%22">"Diodorus Cronus"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Diodorus+Cronus%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Diodorus+Cronus%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Diodorus+Cronus%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Diodorus+Cronus%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Diodorus+Cronus%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Diodorus Cronus</b> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">Διόδωρος Κρόνος</span>; died c. 284 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorandi199952_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorandi199952-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was a <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greece" title="Ancient Greece">Greek</a> <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dialectician" class="mw-redirect" title="Dialectician">dialectician</a> connected to the <a href="/wiki/Megarian_school" title="Megarian school">Megarian school</a>. He was most notable for logic innovations, including his master argument formulated in response to <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s discussion of <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_future_contingents" title="Problem of future contingents">future contingents</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodorus_Cronus&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Diodorus was the son of Ameinias of <a href="/wiki/Iasus,_Caria" class="mw-redirect" title="Iasus, Caria">Iasus</a> in <a href="/wiki/Caria" title="Caria">Caria</a>. He lived in the court of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a> in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a>, who is said to have given him the surname of Cronus ("old fogey"<sup id="cite_ref-sedley_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) on account of his inability to solve at once some <a href="/wiki/Dialectic" title="Dialectic">dialectic</a> problem proposed by <a href="/wiki/Stilpo" title="Stilpo">Stilpo</a>, when the two philosophers were dining with the king. Diodorus is said to have taken that disgrace so much to heart that after his return from the meal, and writing a treatise on the problem, he died in despair.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaërtius1925§_111_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaërtius1925§_111-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, according to <a href="/wiki/Strabo" title="Strabo">Strabo</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diodorus himself adopted the surname of Cronus from his teacher, <a href="/wiki/Apollonius_Cronus" title="Apollonius Cronus">Apollonius Cronus</a>. Diodorus is thought to have died around 284 BC; his date of birth is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-sedley_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was once thought that he was old enough to have influenced <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a> (384–322 BC), but there is no strong evidence for this.<sup id="cite_ref-sedley_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diodorus was particularly celebrated for his great dialectic skill, for which he was called <i>The Dialectician</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This effectively became his surname, and descended even to his five daughters, Menexene, Argia, Theognis, Artemesia, and Pantaclea, who were likewise distinguished as dialecticians.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His pupils included <a href="/wiki/Philo_the_Dialectician" title="Philo the Dialectician">Philo the Dialectician</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zeno_of_Citium" title="Zeno of Citium">Zeno of Citium</a>—the founder of the <a href="/wiki/Stoicism" title="Stoicism">Stoic</a> school. Although influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Megarian_school" title="Megarian school">Megarian school</a> it is not clear how closely Diodorus and his fellow dialecticians were connected to that particular philosophical school.<sup id="cite_ref-sedley_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sedley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bobzien_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bobzien-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodorus_Cronus&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Philosophy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was most notable for logic innovations, including his master argument formulated in response to <a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>'s discussion of <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_future_contingents" title="Problem of future contingents">future contingents</a>. <a href="/wiki/Diogenes_Laertius" title="Diogenes Laertius">Diogenes Laërtius</a> says that Diodorus also made use of the <a href="/wiki/Sorites_paradox" title="Sorites paradox">Sorites paradox</a>, and is said to have invented two others of the same kind, viz. <i>The Masked Man</i> and <i>The Horns</i>, which are, however, also ascribed to <a href="/wiki/Eubulides" title="Eubulides">Eubulides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaërtius1925§_111_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELaërtius1925§_111-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aulus Gellius claims that he also rejected the view that words are ambiguous, any uncertainty in understanding was always due to speakers expressing themselves obscurely.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to Sextus Empiricus,<sup id="cite_ref-sextus1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sextus1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he also maintained that space was indivisible, and consequently that motion was impossible. He further denied the coming into existence and all multiplicity both in time and in space; but he considered the things that fill up space as one whole composed of an infinite number of indivisible particles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2023)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Master_argument">Master argument</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodorus_Cronus&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Master argument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_future_contingents" title="Problem of future contingents">Problem of future contingents</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aristotle" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>, in his work <i><a href="/wiki/De_Interpretatione" class="mw-redirect" title="De Interpretatione">On Interpretation</a></i>, had wrestled with the <a href="/wiki/Problem_of_future_contingents" title="Problem of future contingents">problem of future contingents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ohrstrom_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohrstrom-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, whether one can meaningfully regard future <a href="/wiki/Contingency_(philosophy)" title="Contingency (philosophy)">contingents</a> as true or false now, if the future is open; and, if so: how?<sup id="cite_ref-ohrstrom_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ohrstrom-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In response, Diodorus maintained that possible was identical with necessary (i.e., not contingent); so that the future is as certain and defined as the past.<sup id="cite_ref-grote_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grote-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Aphrodisias" title="Alexander of Aphrodisias">Alexander of Aphrodisias</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tells us that Diodorus believed that that alone is possible which either is happening now, or will happen at some future time. When speaking about facts of an unrecorded past, we know that a given fact either occurred, or did not occur—without knowing which of the two is true; therefore, we affirm only that the fact <i>may have</i> occurred. So too about the future: either the assertion that a given fact will—at some time—occur, or else the assertion that it will <i>never</i> occur, is positively true; the assertion that it <i>may or may not</i> occur, at some time or another, represents only our ignorance as to which of the two is true.<sup id="cite_ref-grote_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grote-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That which will <i>never at any time</i> occur is, in a word, impossible.<sup id="cite_ref-grote_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-grote-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Diodorus went on to formulate an argument that became known as the <i>master argument</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>ruling argument</i> (<a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>: <span lang="el">ὁ κυριεύων λόγος</span> / <i>ho kurieuôn logos</i>). The most succinct description of it is provided by <a href="/wiki/Epictetus" title="Epictetus">Epictetus</a>: </p> <blockquote><p>The argument called the master argument appears to have been proposed from such principles as these: there is in fact a common contradiction between one another in these three propositions, each two being in contradiction to the third. The propositions are: (1) every past truth must be necessary; (2) that an impossibility does not follow a possibility; (3) something is possible which neither is nor will be true. Diodorus observing this contradiction employed the probative force of the first two for the demonstration of this proposition: That nothing is possible which is not true and never will be.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Epictetus' description of the master argument is not in the form as it would have been presented by Diodorus, which makes it difficult to know the precise nature of his argument. To modern logicians, it is not obvious why these three premises are inconsistent, or why the first two should lead to the rejection of the third.<sup id="cite_ref-kneale119_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kneale119-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Modern interpretations therefore assume that there must have been extra premises in the argument tacitly assumed by Diodorus and his contemporaries.<sup id="cite_ref-gaskin219_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gaskin219-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One possible reconstruction is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For Diodorus, if a future event is not going to happen, then it was true in the past that it would not happen. Since every past truth is necessary (proposition 1), it was necessary that in the past it would not happen. Since the impossible cannot follow from the possible (proposition 2), it must have always been impossible for the event to occur. Therefore if something will not be true, it will never be possible for it to be true, and thus proposition 3 is shown to be false. </p><p>Epictetus goes on to point out that <a href="/wiki/Panthoides" title="Panthoides">Panthoides</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cleanthes" title="Cleanthes">Cleanthes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antipater_of_Tarsus" title="Antipater of Tarsus">Antipater of Tarsus</a> made use of the second and third proposition to demonstrate that the first proposition was false. <a href="/wiki/Chrysippus" title="Chrysippus">Chrysippus</a>, on the other hand, agreed with Diodorus that everything true as an event in the past is necessary, but attacked Diodorus' view that the possible must be either what is true or what will be true.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He thus made use of the first and third proposition to demonstrate that the second proposition was false.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nom_de_plume">Nom de plume</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodorus_Cronus&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Nom de plume"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1960s and 1970s the philosopher <a href="/wiki/Richard_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Richard Taylor (philosopher)">Richard Clyde Taylor</a> also coauthored several articles under the nom de plume of <i>Diodorus Cronus</i> which included: <i>"Time, Truth and Ability"</i> (<i>Analysis</i>, 1965) and <i>"The Necessity of Everything That One Does"</i> (<i>The Southern Journal of Philosophy</i>,1971).<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodorus_Cronus&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorandi199952-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorandi199952_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDorandi1999">Dorandi 1999</a>, p. 52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sedley-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sedley_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sedley_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sedley_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sedley_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSedley" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sedley, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/diodorus-cronus/">"Diodorus Cronus"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diodorus+Cronus&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Sedley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fdiodorus-cronus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELaërtius1925§_111-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaërtius1925§_111_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELaërtius1925§_111_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLaërtius1925">Laërtius 1925</a>, § 111.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo, xiv., xvii.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Strabo, xiv., xvii.; Sextus Empiricus, <i>adv. Gram.</i> i.; Pliny, <i>Hist. Nat.</i> vii. 54.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Clement of Alexandria, <i><a href="/wiki/Stromata" title="Stromata">Stromata</a></i>, iv. 19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bobzien-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bobzien_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBobzien" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bobzien, Susanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dialectical-school/">"Dialectical School"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dialectical+School&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Bobzien&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fdialectical-school%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aulus Gellius, xi. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sextus1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sextus1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sextus Empiricus, <i>Adv. Math.</i>, x. 85–118</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ohrstrom-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ohrstrom_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ohrstrom_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFØhrstrømHasle" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Øhrstrøm, Peter; Hasle, Per. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/future-contingents/">"Future Contingents"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Future+Contingents&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=%C3%98hrstr%C3%B8m&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Hasle%2C+Per&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Ffuture-contingents%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-grote-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-grote_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grote_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-grote_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/George_Grote" title="George Grote">George Grote</a>, (1888), <i>Plato, and the other companions of Sokrates</i>, Volume 3, page 501</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alexander of Aphrodisias, <i>In An. Pr.</i> 183-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/George_Berkeley" title="George Berkeley">George Berkeley</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Master_argument" title="Master argument">master argument</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epictetus, <i>Discourses</i>, ii.19.1-4</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kneale119-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kneale119_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">William Kneale, Martha Kneale, (1962), <i>The Development of Logic</i>, page 119, Clarendon Press</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gaskin219-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gaskin219_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Gaskin" title="Richard Gaskin">Richard Gaskin</a>, (1995), <i>The sea battle and the master argument: Aristotle and Diodorus on the metaphysics of the future</i>, page 219. Walter de Gruyter</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Robert Dobbin, (2008), <i>Discourses and Selected Writings</i>, page 263. Penguin Classics</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cicero, <i>de Fato</i>, 6, 7, 9, <i>ad Fam.</i> ix. 4; Epictetus, <i>Discourses</i>, ii. 19.2-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Josiah B. Gould, <i>The Philosophy of Chrysippus</i>, pages 77-8. SUNY Press.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Epictetus, <i>Discourses</i>, ii.19.2-5</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/books/edition/Correcting_the_Scholarly_Record_for_Rese/hK14DwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Diodorus+Cronus+Richard+taylor&pg=PA32&printsec=frontcover"><i>Correcting the Scholarly Record for Research Integrity</i> Dougherty, M.V. Springer International Publishing 2018 p. 32-33 ISBN 9783319994352 Richard Taylor and Diodous Cronus on Google Books</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCronus1965" class="citation journal cs1">Cronus, Diodorus (1965). "Time, Truth and Ability". <i>Analysis</i>. <b>25</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">137–</span>141. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3326340">3326340</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Analysis&rft.atitle=Time%2C+Truth+and+Ability&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E137-%3C%2Fspan%3E141&rft.date=1965&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3326340%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cronus&rft.aufirst=Diodorus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodorus_Cronus&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDorandi1999" class="citation book cs1">Dorandi, Tiziano (1999). "Chapter 2: Chronology". In Algra, Keimpe; et al. (eds.). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory00algr"><i>The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgehistory00algr/page/n71">52</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521250283" title="Special:BookSources/9780521250283"><bdi>9780521250283</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+2%3A+Chronology&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+Hellenistic+Philosophy&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780521250283&rft.aulast=Dorandi&rft.aufirst=Tiziano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgehistory00algr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/20px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLaërtius1925" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diogenes_La%C3%ABrtius" class="mw-redirect" title="Diogenes Laërtius">Laërtius, Diogenes</a> (1925). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Lives of the Eminent Philosophers/Book II#Euclides"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Lives_of_the_Eminent_Philosophers/Book_II#Euclides">"Socrates, with predecessors and followers: Euclides" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Lives_of_the_Eminent_Philosophers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lives of the Eminent Philosophers">Lives of the Eminent Philosophers</a></i>. Vol. 1:2. Translated by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Drew_Hicks" title="Robert Drew Hicks">Hicks, Robert Drew</a> (Two volume ed.). Loeb Classical Library. § 106–111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Socrates%2C+with+predecessors+and+followers%3A+Euclides&rft.btitle=Lives+of+the+Eminent+Philosophers&rft.pages=%C2%A7-106-111&rft.edition=Two+volume&rft.pub=Loeb+Classical+Library&rft.date=1925&rft.aulast=La%C3%ABrtius&rft.aufirst=Diogenes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodorus_Cronus&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Gaskin, Richard, <i>The Sea-Battle and the Master Argument. Aristotle and Diodorus Cronus on the Metaphysics of the Future</i>. Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 1995.</li> <li>Sedley, David. <i>Diodorus Cronus and Hellenistic Philosophy.</i> Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society 203, N.S. 23 (1977), P. 74-120.</li> <li>Vuillemin, Jules. <i>Nécessité ou contingence. L'aporie de Diodore et les systèmes philosophiques</i>. Paris 1984. (English translation: <i>Necessity or Contingency. The Master Argument</i>, Stanford: CSLI Publications, 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-881526-86-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-881526-86-0">1-881526-86-0</a>, paperback <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-881526-85-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-881526-85-2">1-881526-85-2</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Diodorus_Cronus&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSedley" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Sedley, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/diodorus-cronus/">"Diodorus Cronus"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Diodorus+Cronus&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Sedley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fdiodorus-cronus%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBobzien" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Bobzien, Susanne. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/dialectical-school/">"Dialectical School"</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Edward_N._Zalta" title="Edward N. Zalta">Zalta, Edward N.</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dialectical+School&rft.btitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.aulast=Bobzien&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fdialectical-school%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyoflogic.com/biblio/master-argument-biblio.htm">"Selected Bibliography on the "Master Argument" of Diodorus Cronus"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Selected+Bibliography+on+the+%22Master+Argument%22+of+Diodorus+Cronus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyoflogic.com%2Fbiblio%2Fmaster-argument-biblio.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADiodorus+Cronus" class="Z3988"></span> with a bibliography on the Master Argument</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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Megara">Nicarete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasicles_of_Thebes" title="Pasicles of Thebes">Pasicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryson_of_Achaea" title="Bryson of Achaea">Bryson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialectical school</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clinomachus" title="Clinomachus">Clinomachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollonius_Cronus" title="Apollonius Cronus">Apollonius Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphantus" title="Euphantus">Euphantus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Chalcedon" title="Dionysius of Chalcedon">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Diodorus Cronus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philo_the_Dialectician" title="Philo the Dialectician">Philo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexinus" title="Alexinus">Alexinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panthoides" 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