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id="toc-Cultures_of_regions_in_the_United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultures_of_regions_in_the_United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cultures of regions in the United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cultures_of_regions_in_the_United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customs_and_traditions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customs_and_traditions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Customs and traditions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Customs_and_traditions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Customs and traditions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Customs_and_traditions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sports_and_community_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports_and_community_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>Sports and community culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports_and_community_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_holidays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_holidays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Public holidays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_holidays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Names" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Names"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Names</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Names-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fashion_and_dress" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fashion_and_dress"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Fashion and dress</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fashion_and_dress-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_nuclear_family_and_family_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_nuclear_family_and_family_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>The nuclear family and family structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_nuclear_family_and_family_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Youth_dependence" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Youth_dependence"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Youth dependence</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Youth_dependence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriage_and_divorce" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriage_and_divorce"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Marriage and divorce</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriage_and_divorce-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Housing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Housing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Housing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Housing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Volunteerism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Volunteerism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Volunteerism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Volunteerism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drugs_and_alcohol" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drugs_and_alcohol"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Drugs and alcohol</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drugs_and_alcohol-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Death_and_funerals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death_and_funerals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Death and funerals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death_and_funerals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Arts</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Arts-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Arts subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Architecture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Architecture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Architecture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Architecture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Visual_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Visual_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Visual arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Theater_and_performing_arts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Theater_and_performing_arts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Theater and performing arts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Theater_and_performing_arts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Minstrel_show" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Minstrel_show"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.1</span> <span>Minstrel show</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Minstrel_show-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.2</span> <span>Drama</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4.3</span> <span>Musical theater</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Broadcasting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Broadcasting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Broadcasting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Broadcasting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Philosophy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Philosophy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Philosophy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Philosophy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement_and_crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Law enforcement and crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement_and_crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Military culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gun_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gun_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Gun culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gun_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Society" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Society"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Society</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Society-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Society subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Society-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_class_and_work" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_class_and_work"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Social class and work</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Social_class_and_work-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race,_ancestry,_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race,_ancestry,_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Race, ancestry, and immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race,_ancestry,_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Race_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Race_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Race relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Race_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Automobiles_and_commuting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Automobiles_and_commuting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7.1</span> <span>Automobiles and commuting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Automobiles_and_commuting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Cultural institutions</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_institutions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural institutions subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Governmental_culture_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governmental_culture_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Governmental culture institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Governmental_culture_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-National_Register_of_Historic_Places" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_Register_of_Historic_Places"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1.1</span> <span>National Register of Historic Places</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_Register_of_Historic_Places-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Non-governmental_culture_institutions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-governmental_culture_institutions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Non-governmental culture institutions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-governmental_culture_institutions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Museums</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.4</span> <span>Archives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Culture of the United States</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 33 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AB%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="ثقافة الولايات المتحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ثقافة الولايات المتحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB%C5%9E_m%C9%99d%C9%99niyy%C9%99ti" title="ABŞ mədəniyyəti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="ABŞ mədəniyyəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%97%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Культура ЗША – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Культура ЗША" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_Sjedinjenih_Ameri%C4%8Dkih_Dr%C5%BEava" title="Kultura Sjedinjenih Američkih Država – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kultura Sjedinjenih Američkih Država" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_kultur" title="Amerikansk kultur – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amerikansk kultur" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_de_Estados_Unidos" title="Cultura de Estados Unidos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cultura de Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%87%D9%86%DA%AF_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="فرهنگ در ایالات متحده آمریکا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فرهنگ در ایالات متحده آمریکا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_des_%C3%89tats-Unis" title="Culture des États-Unis – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Culture des États-Unis" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EA%B5%AD%EC%9D%98_%EB%AC%B8%ED%99%94" title="미국의 문화 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미국의 문화" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%84%D5%86_%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%A9" title="ԱՄՆ մշակույթ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="ԱՄՆ մշակույթ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omenala_nke_United_States" title="Omenala nke United States – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Omenala nke United States" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budaya_Amerika_Serikat" title="Budaya Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Budaya Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_degli_Stati_Uniti_d%27America" title="Cultura degli Stati Uniti d'America – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cultura degli Stati Uniti d'America" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תרבות ארצות הברית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תרבות ארצות הברית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%88%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%A1%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%9F%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B2%A8_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%83%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%BF" title="ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್‌ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ಸ್‌ನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಯುನೈಟೆಡ್‌ ಸ್ಟೇಟ್ಸ್‌ನ ಸಂಸ್ಕೃತಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Американска култура – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Американска култура" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kebudayaan_Amerika_Syarikat" title="Kebudayaan Amerika Syarikat – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kebudayaan Amerika Syarikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%83%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="संयुक्त राज्यको संस्कृति – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="संयुक्त राज्यको संस्कृति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AB%E5%90%88%E8%A1%86%E5%9B%BD%E3%81%AE%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="アメリカ合衆国の文化 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメリカ合衆国の文化" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_Qo%CA%BBshma_Shtatlari_madaniyati" title="Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari madaniyati – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amerika Qoʻshma Shtatlari madaniyati" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4_%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C_%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਦਾ ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਦਾ ਸੱਭਿਆਚਾਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%87_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88_%DA%A9%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1" title="د متحده ایالاتو کلتور – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="د متحده ایالاتو کلتور" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultura_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Cultura dos Estados Unidos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cultura dos Estados Unidos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Культура США – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Культура США" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_e_Shteteve_t%C3%AB_Bashkuara" title="Kultura e Shteteve të Bashkuara – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kultura e Shteteve të Bashkuara" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Culture of the United States – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Culture of the United States" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kultura_Zdru%C5%BEenih_dr%C5%BEav_Amerike" title="Kultura Združenih držav Amerike – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kultura Združenih držav Amerike" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%95_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7" title="چاندی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="چاندی ویلایەتە یەکگرتووەکانی ئەمریکا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%9A%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Култура Сједињених Америчких Држава – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Култура Сједињених Америчких Држава" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yhdysvaltalainen_kulttuuri" title="Yhdysvaltalainen kulttuuri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yhdysvaltalainen kulttuuri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%A8%D0%90" title="Культура США – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Культура США" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C4%83n_h%C3%B3a_Hoa_K%E1%BB%B3" title="Văn hóa Hoa Kỳ – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Văn hóa Hoa Kỳ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%8E%E5%9B%BD%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" title="美国文化 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="美国文化" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1044835#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Culture_of_the_United_States" rel="discussion" 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class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/147px-Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg" decoding="async" width="147" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/221px-Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg/294px-Exterior_of_the_Independence_Hall%2C_Aug_2019.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5568" data-file-height="3712" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><b>From top, left to right</b>: <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Numbered_Highway_System" title="United States Numbered Highway System">US highway system</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Sign" title="Hollywood Sign">Hollywood Sign</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinderella_Castle" title="Cinderella Castle">Cinderella Castle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suburbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbs">Suburbs</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Bronco_Buster" title="The Bronco Buster">The Bronco Buster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_River" title="Chicago River">Chicago River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">Hamburger</a>, <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corn" class="mw-redirect" title="Corn">Cornfield</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Independence_Hall" title="Independence Hall">Independence Hall</a></div></div></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="width:22.0em; border: 4px double #d69d36;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle"><b><span style="color:var(--color-base, #101112)">This article is part of a series on the</span></b></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#002868; border: 1px double #8C959A;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;"><small>Culture of the </small><br />United States</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/70px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/105px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/140px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Society</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">race and ethnicity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Arts and literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_comic_book" title="American comic book">comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_poetry" title="American poetry">poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_of_the_United_States" title="Sculpture of the United States">Sculpture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> Other</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspapers_in_the_United_States" title="Newspapers in the United States">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">Internet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mythologies_of_the_Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Mythologies of the Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> <a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;">Symbols</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Seal_of_the_United_States" title="Great Seal of the United States">Great Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_monument_(United_States)" title="National monument (United States)">Monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">Motto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bald_eagle" title="Bald eagle">Bird</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#bf0a30; color:#FFF; border: 1px double #8C959A;"> By Region</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midwest#Culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Midwest">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_England" title="Culture of New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Culture of the Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia#Culture" title="Appalachia">Appalachian</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States_(19-10).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2819-10%29.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2819-10%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2819-10%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2819-10%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2819-10%29.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2819-10%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="500" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Template:Culture of the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Culture of the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> encompasses various <a href="/wiki/Social_behavior" title="Social behavior">social behaviors</a>, institutions, and <a href="/wiki/Social_norm" title="Social norm">norms</a>, including forms of <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">speech</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">literature</a>, <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">music</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">visual arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">performing arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">food</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">law</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">technology</a>, as well as other customs, beliefs, and forms of knowledge. American culture has been shaped by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">history of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">its geography</a>, and various internal and external forces and <a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="History of immigration to the United States">migrations</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>America's foundations were initially <a href="/wiki/Western_culture" title="Western culture">Western</a>-based, and primarily <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_England" title="Culture of England">English-influenced</a>, but also with prominent <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">German</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Greece" title="Culture of Greece">Greek</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ireland" title="Culture of Ireland">Irish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Italy" title="Culture of Italy">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Jewish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Poland" title="Culture of Poland">Polish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Scandinavian culture">Scandinavian</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Spain" title="Culture of Spain">Spanish</a> regional influences. However, non-Western influences, including <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Africa" title="Culture of Africa">African</a> and <a href="/wiki/Native_American_cultures_in_the_United_States" title="Native American cultures in the United States">Indigenous</a> cultures, and more recently, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Asia" title="Culture of Asia">Asian cultures</a>, have firmly established themselves in the fabric of American culture as well. Since the United States was <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">established</a> in 1776, its culture has been influenced by successive waves of <a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="History of immigration to the United States">immigrants</a>, and the resulting "<a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a>" of cultures has been a distinguishing feature of <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">its society</a>. <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Americans pioneered</a> or made great strides in musical <a href="/wiki/Genre" title="Genre">genres</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Heavy_metal_music" title="Heavy metal music">heavy metal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock 'n' roll</a>. The "<a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">big four sports</a>" are <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">terms of religion</a>, the majority of Americans are <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestant</a> or <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_United_States" title="Irreligion in the United States">irreligious</a> element is growing. <a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">American cuisine</a> includes popular tastes such as <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milkshake" title="Milkshake">milkshakes</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Barbecue_in_the_United_States" title="Barbecue in the United States">barbecue</a>, as well <a href="/wiki/American_cuisine#Influential_figures" title="American cuisine">as many other class and regional preferences</a>. The most commonly used language is English, though the United States does not have an official language.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Distinct <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of the United States">cultural regions</a> include <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic States">Mid-Atlantic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>, <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southwest_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Southwest United States">Southwest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain West</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Northwest" title="Pacific Northwest">Pacific Northwest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Politically, the country takes its values from the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a>, with an emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">liberty</a>, <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">limited government</a>, as well as the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Amendments" title="Reconstruction Amendments">Reconstruction Amendments</a>. Under the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>, the United States has the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_in_the_United_States" title="Freedom of speech in the United States">strongest protections of free speech of any country</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American popular opinion is also the most supportive of <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">free expression</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_Internet_access" title="Right to Internet access">right to use the Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large majority of the United States has a legal system that is based upon <a href="/wiki/English_common_law" class="mw-redirect" title="English common law">English common law</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <a href="/wiki/Inglehart%E2%80%93Welzel_cultural_map_of_the_world" title="Inglehart–Welzel cultural map of the world">Inglehart–Welzel cultural map</a>, it leans greatly towards "<a href="/wiki/Self-expression_values" title="Self-expression values">self-expression values</a>", while also uniquely blending aspects of "secular-rational" (with a strong emphasis on <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">human rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">the individual</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anti-authoritarianism" title="Anti-authoritarianism">anti-authoritarianism</a>) and "traditional" (with high <a href="/wiki/Baby_boom" title="Baby boom">fertility rates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">religiosity</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Patriotism" title="Patriotism">patriotism</a>) values together.<sup id="cite_ref-wvs-old_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wvs-old-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its culture can vary by factors such as <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">region</a>, <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">race and ethnicity</a>, age, religion, <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic_status" title="Socioeconomic status">socio-economic status</a>, or <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_and_territories_of_the_United_States_by_population_density" title="List of states and territories of the United States by population density">population density</a>, among others. Different aspects of American culture can be thought of as <a href="/wiki/Low_culture" title="Low culture">low culture</a> or <a href="/wiki/High_culture" title="High culture">high culture</a>, or belonging to any of a variety of <a href="/wiki/Subculture" title="Subculture">subcultures</a>. The United States exerts major cultural influence <a href="/wiki/Americanization" title="Americanization">on a global scale</a> and is considered a <a href="/wiki/Cultural_superpower" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural superpower">cultural superpower</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-How_American_Culture_Ate_the_World_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_American_Culture_Ate_the_World-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_history_of_the_United_States" title="Cultural history of the United States">Cultural history of the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins,_development,_and_spread"><span id="Origins.2C_development.2C_and_spread"></span>Origins, development, and spread</h3></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains,_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg/275px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg/413px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg/550px-Albert_Bierstadt_-_The_Rocky_Mountains%2C_Lander%27s_Peak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3789" data-file-height="2269" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rocky_Mountains,_Lander%27s_Peak" title="The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak">The Rocky Mountains, Lander's Peak</a></i> (1863) by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Bierstadt" title="Albert Bierstadt">Albert Bierstadt</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The European roots of the United States originate with the <a href="/wiki/English_Americans" title="English Americans">English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Americans" title="Spanish Americans">Spanish</a> settlers of <a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">colonial North America</a> during <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">British</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Spanish rule</a>. The varieties of English people, as opposed to the other peoples on the British Isles, were the overwhelming majority ethnic group in the 17th century (the population of the colonies in 1700 was 250,000) and were 47.9% of percent of the total population of 3.9 million. They constituted 60% of the whites at the first census in 1790 (%: 3.5 Welsh, 8.5 <a href="/wiki/Scotch-Irish_Americans" title="Scotch-Irish Americans">Scotch Irish</a>, 4.3 Scots, 4.7 Irish, 7.2 German, 2.7 Dutch, 1.7 French, and 2 Swedish).<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>The English ethnic group contributed to the major cultural and social mindset and attitudes that evolved into the American character. Of the total population in each colony, they numbered from 30% in Pennsylvania to 85% in Massachusetts.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large non-English immigrant populations from the 1720s to 1775, such as the Germans (100,000 or more), Scotch Irish (250,000), added enriched and modified the English cultural substrate.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The religious outlook was some versions of Protestantism (1.6% of the population comprised English, German, and Irish Catholics).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian democracy</a> was a foundational American cultural innovation, which is still a core part of the country's identity.<sup id="cite_ref-MJ_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJ-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thomas Jefferson's <i><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_the_State_of_Virginia" title="Notes on the State of Virginia">Notes on the State of Virginia</a></i> was perhaps the first influential domestic cultural critique by an American and was written in reaction to the views of some influential Europeans that America's native flora and fauna (including humans) were <a href="/wiki/Social_degeneration" title="Social degeneration">degenerate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MJ_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MJ-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg/200px-Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="335" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg/300px-Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg/400px-Betsy_Ross_sewing.jpg 2x" data-file-width="685" data-file-height="1146" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross" title="Betsy Ross">Betsy Ross</a> was an American <a href="/wiki/Upholsterer" class="mw-redirect" title="Upholsterer">upholsterer</a> who was credited by her relatives in 1870 with making the first <a href="/wiki/American_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="American flag">American flag</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Non-indigenous cultural influences have been brought by historical immigration, especially from <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Germany" title="Culture of Germany">Germany</a> in much of the country,<sup id="cite_ref-kirschbaum_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kirschbaum-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ireland and Italy in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, and Japan in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>. <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin American culture">Latin American culture</a> is especially pronounced in former Spanish areas but has also been introduced by immigration, as have <a href="/wiki/Asian_American_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian American culture">Asian American cultures</a> (especially in the Northeast and West Coast regions). <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> culture has been increasingly introduced by immigration and is pronounced in many urban areas. Since the abolition of slavery, the Caribbean has been the source of the earliest and largest Black immigrant group, a significant source of growth of the Black population in the U.S. and has made major cultural impacts in education, music, sports and entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-People's_World_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-People's_World-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indigenous cultures remains strong in both reservation and urban communities, including traditional government and communal organization of property now legally managed by <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian reservations">Indian reservations</a> (large reservations are mostly in the West, especially <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arizona" title="Arizona">Arizona</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>). The fate of indigenous cultures after contact with Europeans is quite varied. For example, <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a> culture in U.S. Caribbean territories is undergoing <a href="/wiki/Cultural_revitalization" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural revitalization">cultural revitalization</a> and like many Native American languages, the <a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno_language" title="Taíno language">Taíno language</a> is no longer spoken. By contrast, the <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian language</a> and <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Native_Hawaiians" title="Culture of the Native Hawaiians">culture of the Native Hawaiians</a> has survived in Hawaii alongside that of immigrants from the mainland U.S. (starting before the <a href="/wiki/Newlands_Resolution" title="Newlands Resolution">1898 annexation</a>) and to some degree Asian immigrants. Indigenous Hawaiian influences on mainstream American culture include <a href="/wiki/Surfing" title="Surfing">surfing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_shirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian shirt">Hawaiian shirts</a>. Most languages native to what is now U.S. territory are endangered,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the economic and mainstream cultural dominance of the English language threatens the surviving ones in most places. Some of the most common native languages include <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_language" title="Cherokee language">Cherokee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sioux_language" title="Sioux language">Sioux</a>, and a spectrum of <a href="/wiki/Inuit_languages" title="Inuit languages">Inuit languages</a>. (See <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages of the Americas</a> for a fuller listing, plus <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Carolinian_language" title="Carolinian language">Carolinian</a> in the Pacific territories.)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (May 2020)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Samoan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Samoan people">Ethnic Samoans</a> are a majority in <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>; <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_people" title="Chamorro people">Chamorro</a> are still the largest ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> (though a minority), and along with <a href="/wiki/Refaluwasch" class="mw-redirect" title="Refaluwasch">Refaluwasch</a> are smaller minorities in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png/275px-Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png" decoding="async" width="275" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png/413px-Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png/550px-Welcome_to_the_land_of_freedom.png 2x" data-file-width="1512" data-file-height="1032" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/European_emigration" title="European emigration">European immigrants</a> arriving in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> by ship in the late 19th century and early 20th century</figcaption></figure> <p>American culture includes both conservative and liberal elements, scientific and religious competitiveness, political structures, risk taking and free expression, materialist and moral elements. Despite certain consistent ideological principles (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">individualism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egalitarianism" title="Egalitarianism">egalitarianism</a>, and faith in <a href="/wiki/Freedom" title="Freedom">freedom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republicanism" title="Republicanism">republicanism</a>), American culture has a variety of expressions due to its geographical scale and demographics.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Melting_pot" title="Melting pot">melting pot</a> of cultures and <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">ethnicities</a>, the U.S. has been shaped by the world's <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_immigrant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population">largest</a> <a href="/wiki/History_of_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="History of immigration to the United States">immigrant population</a>. The country is home to a <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">wide variety</a> of ethnic groups, traditions, and values,<sup id="cite_ref-DD_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DD-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and exerts major cultural influence on a global scale, with the phenomenon being termed <i><a href="/wiki/Americanization" title="Americanization">Americanization</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-stead1901_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stead1901-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC_News_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC_News-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-How_American_Culture_Ate_the_World_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-How_American_Culture_Ate_the_World-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regional_variations">Regional variations</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg/220px-Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg/330px-Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg/440px-Census_Regions_and_Division_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="942" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Regions of the United States as defined by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">United States Census Bureau</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NYC_Pride_2019_05.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/NYC_Pride_2019_05.jpg/275px-NYC_Pride_2019_05.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/NYC_Pride_2019_05.jpg/413px-NYC_Pride_2019_05.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/NYC_Pride_2019_05.jpg/550px-NYC_Pride_2019_05.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4048" data-file-height="3036" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/NYC_Pride_March" title="NYC Pride March">NYC Pride March</a> is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_LGBT_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of largest LGBT events">world's largest LGBT event</a>. Regional variation exists with respect to <a href="/wiki/Toleration" title="Toleration">tolerance</a> in the U.S.</figcaption></figure> <p>Semi-distinct cultural <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">regions of the United States</a> include <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">South</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwest</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a>—an area that can be further subdivided into the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacific states">Pacific States</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_states" title="Mountain states">Mountain States</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>According to cultural geographer Colin Woodward there are as many as eleven cultural areas of the United States, which spring from their settlement history. In the east, from north to south: there are Puritan areas ("Yankeedom") of New England which spread across the northern Great Lakes to the northern reaches of the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri Rivers</a>; the <a href="/wiki/New_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="New Netherlands">New Netherlands</a> area in the densely populated <a href="/wiki/New_York_metropolitan_area" title="New York metropolitan area">New York metropolitan area</a>; the Midland area which spread from <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> to the lower <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and the trans-Mississippi upper midwest; Greater <a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachia</a> which angles from West Virginia through the lower midwest and upper-south to trans-Mississippi Arkansas, and southern Oklahoma; the Deep South from the Carolinas to Florida and west to Texas. In the west, there is the southwestern "El Norte" areas originally colonized by Spain, the "Left Coast" colonized quickly on the 19th century by a mix of Yankees and upper Appalachians, and the large but sparsely populated interior West.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">west coast</a> of the continental United States, consisting of California, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> state, is also sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Left_Coast" title="Left Coast">Left Coast</a>, indicating its <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">left-leaning political orientation</a> and tendency towards <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberalism</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Culture of the Southern United States">South</a> is sometimes informally called the "<a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>" due to <a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism" title="Social conservatism">socially conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">evangelical</a> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a>, which is a significant part of the region's culture. Christian <a href="/wiki/Church_attendance" title="Church attendance">church attendance</a> across all denominations is generally higher there than the national average. This region is usually contrasted with the <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline Protestantism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeast</a>, the religiously diverse <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_region" title="Great Lakes region">Great Lakes</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Mormon_Corridor" class="mw-redirect" title="Mormon Corridor">Mormon Corridor</a> in <a href="/wiki/Utah" title="Utah">Utah</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Idaho" title="Idaho">Idaho</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Unchurched_Belt" title="Unchurched Belt">relatively secular</a> <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">West</a>. The percentage of <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">non-religious</a> people is the highest in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">northeastern</a> and New England state of <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> at 34%, compared to 6% in the Bible Belt state of <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gc.cuny.edu_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gc.cuny.edu-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Strong cultural differences have a long history in the U.S., with the southern slave society in the antebellum period serving as a prime example. Social and economic tensions between the Northern and Southern states were so severe that they eventually caused the South to declare itself an independent nation, the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America" title="Confederate States of America">Confederate States of America</a>; thus initiating the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated8_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated8-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cultures_of_regions_in_the_United_States">Cultures of regions in the United States</h3></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_England" title="Culture of New England">Culture of New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Culture of the Southern United States">Culture of the Southern United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Culture of the Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Culture of Western United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachia" title="Appalachia">Appalachian Culture</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Languages">Languages</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages of the United States</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_flag_reflexion_on_Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_12_2011_000124.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/US_flag_reflexion_on_Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_12_2011_000124.JPG/300px-US_flag_reflexion_on_Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_12_2011_000124.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/US_flag_reflexion_on_Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_12_2011_000124.JPG/450px-US_flag_reflexion_on_Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_12_2011_000124.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/US_flag_reflexion_on_Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_12_2011_000124.JPG/600px-US_flag_reflexion_on_Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_12_2011_000124.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_Veterans_Memorial_Wall" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall">Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall</a> with American Flag</figcaption></figure> <p>Although the United States has no <a href="/wiki/Official_language" title="Official language">official language</a> at the federal level, <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">28 states</a> have passed legislation making English the official language, and it is considered to be the <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> national language. According to the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2000 United States Census">2000 U.S. Census</a>, more than 97% of Americans can speak English well, and for 81%, it is the only language spoken at home. The national dialect is known as <a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a>, which itself consists of numerous regional dialects, but has some shared <a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_American_and_British_English" title="Comparison of American and British English">unifying features that distinguish it from British English</a> and other varieties of English. There are four large <a href="/wiki/List_of_dialects_of_English" title="List of dialects of English">dialect regions</a> in the United States—the <a href="/wiki/Inland_Northern_American_English" title="Inland Northern American English">North</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Midland_American_English" title="Midland American English">Midland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Southern_American_English" title="Southern American English">South</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Western_American_English" title="Western American English">West</a>—and several dialects more focused within <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_areas_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan areas of the United States">metropolitan areas</a> such as those of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_English" title="New York City English">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_English" title="Philadelphia English">Philadelphia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boston_accent" title="Boston accent">Boston</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Standard_language" title="Standard language">standard dialect</a> called "<a href="/wiki/General_American_English" title="General American English">General American</a>" (analogous in some respects to the <a href="/wiki/Received_Pronunciation" title="Received Pronunciation">received pronunciation</a> elsewhere in the <a href="/wiki/English-speaking_world" title="English-speaking world">English-speaking world</a>), lacking the distinctive noticeable features of any particular region, is believed by some to exist as well; it is sometimes regionally associated with the Midwest. <a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a>, used mainly by the deaf, is also native to the United States.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>More than 300 languages nationwide, and up to 800 languages in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, besides English, have native speakers in the United States—some are spoken by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">indigenous peoples</a> (about 150 <a href="/wiki/Living_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Living language">living languages</a>) and others imported by immigrants. English is not the first language of most immigrants in the US, though many do arrive knowing how to speak it, especially from countries where English is broadly used.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This not only includes immigrants from countries such as <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Americans" title="Canadian Americans">Canada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Americans" title="Jamaican Americans">Jamaica</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/British_Americans" title="British Americans">UK</a>, where English is the primary language, but also countries where English is an official language, such as <a href="/wiki/Indian_Americans" title="Indian Americans">India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nigerian_Americans" title="Nigerian Americans">Nigeria</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_Americans" title="Filipino Americans">Philippines</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:022_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:022-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the 2000 census, there were nearly 30 million native speakers of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language_in_the_United_States" title="Spanish language in the United States">Spanish in the United States</a>. Spanish has official status in the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Puerto_Rico" class="mw-redirect" title="Commonwealth of Puerto Rico">Commonwealth of Puerto Rico</a>, where it is the primary language spoken, and the state of <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a>; numerous Spanish enclaves exist around the country as well.<sup id="cite_ref-2007_survey_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2007_survey-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bilingual speakers may use both English and Spanish reasonably well and may <a href="/wiki/Code-switching" title="Code-switching">code-switch</a> according to their dialog partner or context, a phenomenon known as <a href="/wiki/Spanglish" title="Spanglish">Spanglish</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Indigenous languages of the United States include the <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Native-American languages</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Navajo_language" title="Navajo language">Navajo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yupik_languages" title="Yupik languages">Yupik</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dakota_language" title="Dakota language">Dakota</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Apache_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Apache language">Apache</a>), which are spoken on the country's numerous <a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a> and at cultural events such as <a href="/wiki/Pow_wow" class="mw-redirect" title="Pow wow">pow wows</a>; <a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_language" title="Hawaiian language">Hawaiian</a>, which has official status in the state of Hawaii; <a href="/wiki/Chamorro_language" title="Chamorro language">Chamorro</a>, which has official status in the commonwealths of <a href="/wiki/Guam" title="Guam">Guam</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>; <a href="/wiki/Carolinian_language" title="Carolinian language">Carolinian</a>, which has official status in the commonwealth of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Mariana_Islands" title="Northern Mariana Islands">Northern Mariana Islands</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Samoan_language" title="Samoan language">Samoan</a>, which has official status in the commonwealth of <a href="/wiki/American_Samoa" title="American Samoa">American Samoa</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Languages spoken at home in the United States, 2017<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Language </th> <th>Percentage of the total population </th></tr> <tr> <td>English only </td> <td>78.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Spanish </td> <td>13.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Chinese </td> <td>1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other </td> <td>7.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customs_and_traditions">Customs and traditions</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine of the United States">Cuisine of the United States</a></div> <p>The cuisine of the United States is extremely diverse, owing to the vastness of the country, the relatively large population (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac"><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">3</span></span> of a billion people) and the significant number of native and immigrant influences. Mainstream American culinary arts are similar to those in other Western countries. Wheat and corn are the primary <a href="/wiki/Cereal_grains" class="mw-redirect" title="Cereal grains">cereal grains</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Traditional American cuisine uses ingredients such as <a href="/wiki/Turkey_(bird)" title="Turkey (bird)">turkey</a>, potatoes, <a href="/wiki/Sweet_potato" title="Sweet potato">sweet potatoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maize" title="Maize">corn</a> (maize), <a href="/wiki/Squash_(plant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Squash (plant)">squash</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maple_syrup" title="Maple syrup">maple syrup</a>, as well as indigenous foods employed by American Indians and early European settlers, African slaves, and their descendants.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p> Iconic American dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">apple pie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Doughnut" title="Doughnut">donuts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">fried chicken</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pizza" title="Pizza">pizza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburgers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a> derive from the recipes of various immigrants and domestic innovations.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">French fries</a>, Mexican dishes such as <a href="/wiki/Burrito" title="Burrito">burritos</a> and <a href="/wiki/Taco" title="Taco">tacos</a>, and pasta dishes freely adapted from Italian sources are consumed.<sup id="cite_ref-IFT_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFT-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg/220px-The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg/330px-The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg/440px-The_First_Thanksgiving_cph.3g04961.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3050" data-file-height="1946" /></a><figcaption><i>The First Thanksgiving 1621</i>, oil-on-canvas by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Leon_Gerome_Ferris" title="Jean Leon Gerome Ferris">Jean Leon Gerome Ferris</a> (1899)</figcaption></figure><p>The types of food served at home vary greatly and depend upon the region of the country and the family's own cultural heritage. Recent immigrants tend to eat food similar to that of their country of origin, and <a href="/wiki/Americanization" title="Americanization">Americanized</a> versions of these cultural foods, such as <a href="/wiki/American_Chinese_cuisine" title="American Chinese cuisine">Chinese American cuisine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Italian-American_cuisine" title="Italian-American cuisine">Italian American cuisine</a> often eventually appear. <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_cuisine" title="Vietnamese cuisine">Vietnamese cuisine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Korean_cuisine" title="Korean cuisine">Korean cuisine</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai cuisine</a> in authentic forms are often readily available in large cities. <a href="/wiki/German_cuisine" title="German cuisine">German cuisine</a> has a profound impact on American cuisine, especially Midwestern cuisine; potatoes, noodles, roasts, stews, cakes, and other pastries are the most iconic ingredients in both cuisines.<sup id="cite_ref-Dealing_with_Diversity_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dealing_with_Diversity-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dishes such as the hamburger, pot roast, baked ham, and hot dogs are examples of American dishes derived from German cuisine.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_hot_dog_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_hot_dog-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_the_Hamburger_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_the_Hamburger-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/220px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/330px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg/440px-Motherhood_and_apple_pie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1802" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Apple_pie" title="Apple pie">Apple pie</a> is one of a number of American cultural icons.</figcaption></figure> <p>Different regions of the United States have their own cuisine and styles of cooking. The states of Louisiana and Mississippi, for example, are known for their <a href="/wiki/Cajun_cuisine" title="Cajun cuisine">Cajun</a> and <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Creole_cuisine" title="Louisiana Creole cuisine">Creole cooking</a>. Cajun and Creole cooking are influenced by French, Acadian, and Haitian cooking, although the dishes themselves are original and unique. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Crawfish_etouffee" class="mw-redirect" title="Crawfish etouffee">Crawfish Étouffée</a>, <a href="/wiki/Red_beans_and_rice" title="Red beans and rice">Red beans and rice</a>, seafood or chicken <a href="/wiki/Gumbo" title="Gumbo">gumbo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jambalaya" title="Jambalaya">jambalaya</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Boudin" title="Boudin">boudin</a>. Italian, German, Hungarian, and Chinese influences, traditional Native American, Caribbean, Mexican, and Greek dishes have also diffused into the general American repertoire. It is not uncommon for a <a href="/wiki/Middle-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle-class">middle-class</a> family from <a href="/wiki/Middle_America_(United_States)" title="Middle America (United States)">Middle America</a> to eat, for example, restaurant pizza, home-made pizza, enchiladas con carne, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_paprikash" title="Chicken paprikash">chicken paprikash</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beef_Stroganoff" title="Beef Stroganoff">beef stroganoff</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bratwurst" title="Bratwurst">bratwurst</a> with <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a> for dinner throughout a single week.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Soul_food" title="Soul food">Soul food</a>, mostly the same as food eaten by white southerners, developed by southern African slaves, and their free descendants, is popular around the South and among many <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> elsewhere. <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">Syncretic</a> cuisines such as Louisiana Creole, Cajun, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania_Dutch_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Pennsylvania Dutch cuisine">Pennsylvania Dutch</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tex-Mex_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tex-Mex cuisine">Tex-Mex</a> are regionally important. </p><p>Americans generally prefer coffee over tea, and more than half the adult population drinks at least one cup of coffee per day.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marketing by U.S. industries is largely responsible for making <a href="/wiki/Orange_juice" title="Orange juice">orange juice</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dairy_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Dairy industry in the United States">milk</a> (now often fat-reduced) ubiquitous breakfast beverages.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1980s and 1990s, the <a href="/wiki/Caloric_intake" class="mw-redirect" title="Caloric intake">caloric intake</a> of Americans rose by 24%;<sup id="cite_ref-IFT_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IFT-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and frequent dining at fast food outlets is associated with what health officials call the <a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">American</a> "<a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_obesity" title="Epidemiology of obesity">obesity epidemic</a>." Highly sweetened <a href="/wiki/Soft_drink" title="Soft drink">soft drinks</a> are popular; sugared beverages account for 9% of the average American's daily caloric intake.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The American <a href="/wiki/Fast_food" title="Fast food">fast food</a> industry, the world's first and largest, is also often viewed as being a symbol of U.S. marketing dominance. Companies such as <a href="/wiki/McDonald%27s" title="McDonald's">McDonald's</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DeBres2005_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DeBres2005-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Burger_King" title="Burger King">Burger King</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pizza_Hut" title="Pizza Hut">Pizza Hut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_Fried_Chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky Fried Chicken">Kentucky Fried Chicken</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Domino%27s_Pizza" class="mw-redirect" title="Domino's Pizza">Domino's Pizza</a> among others, have numerous outlets around the world,<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and pioneered the <a href="/wiki/Drive-through" title="Drive-through">drive-through</a> format in the 1940s.<sup id="cite_ref-drivethru_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drivethru-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerycaption">Some representative American foods</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Thanksgiving_Dinner_Alc2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Traditional Thanksgiving dinner with turkey, dressing, sweet potatoes, and cranberry sauce"><img alt="Traditional Thanksgiving dinner with turkey, dressing, sweet potatoes, and cranberry sauce" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Thanksgiving_Dinner_Alc2.jpg/120px-Thanksgiving_Dinner_Alc2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Thanksgiving_Dinner_Alc2.jpg/180px-Thanksgiving_Dinner_Alc2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Thanksgiving_Dinner_Alc2.jpg/240px-Thanksgiving_Dinner_Alc2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Traditional <a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_dinner" title="Thanksgiving dinner">Thanksgiving dinner</a> with turkey, dressing, sweet potatoes, and cranberry sauce</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quail_07_bg_041506.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A cream-based New England chowder, traditionally made with clams and potatoes"><img alt="A cream-based New England chowder, traditionally made with clams and potatoes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Quail_07_bg_041506.jpg/120px-Quail_07_bg_041506.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Quail_07_bg_041506.jpg/180px-Quail_07_bg_041506.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Quail_07_bg_041506.jpg/240px-Quail_07_bg_041506.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A cream-based New England <a href="/wiki/Chowder" title="Chowder">chowder</a>, traditionally made with clams and potatoes</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fried_Chicken_(Unsplash).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fried chicken, a southern dish consisting of chicken pieces that have been coated with seasoned flour or batter and deep fried"><img alt="Fried chicken, a southern dish consisting of chicken pieces that have been coated with seasoned flour or batter and deep fried" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/120px-Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/180px-Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg/240px-Fried_Chicken_%28Unsplash%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2176" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Fried_chicken" title="Fried chicken">Fried chicken</a>, a southern dish consisting of chicken pieces that have been coated with seasoned flour or batter and deep fried</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jambalaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Creole Jambalaya with shrimp, ham, tomato, and Andouille sausage"><img alt="Creole Jambalaya with shrimp, ham, tomato, and Andouille sausage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jambalaya.jpg/120px-Jambalaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jambalaya.jpg/180px-Jambalaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Jambalaya.jpg/240px-Jambalaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Creole <a href="/wiki/Jambalaya" title="Jambalaya">Jambalaya</a> with shrimp, ham, tomato, and Andouille sausage</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_wordridden_3397801155--Chicken_fried_steak.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chicken-fried steak (or Country Fried Steak)"><img alt="Chicken-fried steak (or Country Fried Steak)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flickr_wordridden_3397801155--Chicken_fried_steak.jpg/120px-Flickr_wordridden_3397801155--Chicken_fried_steak.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flickr_wordridden_3397801155--Chicken_fried_steak.jpg/180px-Flickr_wordridden_3397801155--Chicken_fried_steak.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flickr_wordridden_3397801155--Chicken_fried_steak.jpg/240px-Flickr_wordridden_3397801155--Chicken_fried_steak.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Chicken-fried_steak" title="Chicken-fried steak">Chicken-fried steak</a> (or Country Fried Steak)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hoagie_Hero_Sub_Sandwich.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A submarine sandwich, which includes a variety of Italian luncheon meats"><img alt="A submarine sandwich, which includes a variety of Italian luncheon meats" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Hoagie_Hero_Sub_Sandwich.jpg/120px-Hoagie_Hero_Sub_Sandwich.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Hoagie_Hero_Sub_Sandwich.jpg/180px-Hoagie_Hero_Sub_Sandwich.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Hoagie_Hero_Sub_Sandwich.jpg/240px-Hoagie_Hero_Sub_Sandwich.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Submarine_sandwich" title="Submarine sandwich">submarine sandwich</a>, which includes a variety of Italian luncheon meats</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dennysbreakfast.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="American style breakfast with pancakes, maple syrup, sausage links, bacon strips, and fried eggs"><img alt="American style breakfast with pancakes, maple syrup, sausage links, bacon strips, and fried eggs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dennysbreakfast.jpg/120px-Dennysbreakfast.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="77" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dennysbreakfast.jpg/180px-Dennysbreakfast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Dennysbreakfast.jpg/240px-Dennysbreakfast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="657" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/American_breakfast" class="mw-redirect" title="American breakfast">American style breakfast</a> with pancakes, maple syrup, <a href="/wiki/Breakfast_sausage" title="Breakfast sausage">sausage links</a>, bacon strips, and fried eggs</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flint_coney_island.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A hot dog sausage topped with beef chili, white onions and mustard"><img alt="A hot dog sausage topped with beef chili, white onions and mustard" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flint_coney_island.jpg/120px-Flint_coney_island.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flint_coney_island.jpg/180px-Flint_coney_island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Flint_coney_island.jpg/240px-Flint_coney_island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dog</a> sausage topped with beef chili, white onions and mustard</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BBQ_Pulled_Pork.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A barbecue pulled-pork sandwich with a side of coleslaw"><img alt="A barbecue pulled-pork sandwich with a side of coleslaw" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/BBQ_Pulled_Pork.jpg/120px-BBQ_Pulled_Pork.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/BBQ_Pulled_Pork.jpg/180px-BBQ_Pulled_Pork.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/BBQ_Pulled_Pork.jpg/240px-BBQ_Pulled_Pork.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Barbecue" title="Barbecue">barbecue</a> <a href="/wiki/Pulled_pork" title="Pulled pork">pulled-pork</a> sandwich with a side of <a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">coleslaw</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Apple_cobbler.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An apple cobbler dessert"><img alt="An apple cobbler dessert" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Apple_cobbler.jpg/120px-Apple_cobbler.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Apple_cobbler.jpg/180px-Apple_cobbler.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Apple_cobbler.jpg/240px-Apple_cobbler.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">An <a href="/wiki/Apple_cobbler" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple cobbler">apple cobbler</a> dessert</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports in the United States</a></div> <p>In the 1800s, colleges were encouraged to focus on intramural sports, particularly <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a>, and, in the late 1800s, American football. Physical education was incorporated into primary school curriculums in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Excite_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Excite-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_baseball_game.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Typical_baseball_game.JPG/200px-Typical_baseball_game.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Typical_baseball_game.JPG/300px-Typical_baseball_game.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Typical_baseball_game.JPG/400px-Typical_baseball_game.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A typical <a href="/wiki/Baseball_diamond" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseball diamond">Baseball diamond</a> as seen from the stadium</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a> is the oldest of the major American team sports. Professional baseball dates from 1869 and had no close rivals in popularity until the 1960s. Though baseball is no longer the most popular sport,<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is still referred to as "the <a href="/wiki/National_pastime" class="mw-redirect" title="National pastime">national pastime</a>." Also unlike the professional levels of the other popular spectator sports in the U.S., <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> teams play almost every day. The Major League Baseball <a href="/wiki/Season_(sports)" title="Season (sports)">regular season</a> consists of each of the 30 teams playing 162 games from late March to early October. The season ends with the <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_postseason" title="Major League Baseball postseason">postseason</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_Series" title="World Series">World Series</a> in October. Unlike most other major sports in the country, professional baseball draws most of its players from a <a href="/wiki/Minor_league_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Minor league baseball">"minor league"</a> system, rather than from <a href="/wiki/College_sports_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="College sports in the United States">university athletics</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2007_Texas_Longhorns_football_team_entry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2007_Texas_Longhorns_football_team_entry.jpg/200px-2007_Texas_Longhorns_football_team_entry.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2007_Texas_Longhorns_football_team_entry.jpg/300px-2007_Texas_Longhorns_football_team_entry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/2007_Texas_Longhorns_football_team_entry.jpg/400px-2007_Texas_Longhorns_football_team_entry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>The opening of <a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">College football</a> season is a major part of American pastime. Massive <a href="/wiki/Marching_band" title="Marching band">marching bands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cheerleaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheerleaders">cheerleaders</a>, and colorguard are common at <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> games. </figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>, known in the United States as simply "football", now attracts more television viewers than any other sport and is considered to be the most popular sport in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 32-team <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> (NFL) is the most popular professional American football league. The <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a> differs from the other three <a href="/wiki/Major_professional_sports_leagues_in_the_United_States_and_Canada" title="Major professional sports leagues in the United States and Canada">major pro sports leagues</a> in that each of its 32 teams plays one game a week over 18 weeks, for a total of 17 games with one <a href="/wiki/Bye_(sports)" title="Bye (sports)">bye</a> week for each team. The <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_regular_season" class="mw-redirect" title="National Football League regular season">NFL season</a> lasts from September to December, ending with the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League_playoffs" class="mw-redirect" title="National Football League playoffs">playoffs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a> in January and February. Its championship game, the <a href="/wiki/Super_Bowl" title="Super Bowl">Super Bowl</a>, has often been the highest rated television show, and it has an audience of over 100 million viewers annually.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2011)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/College_football" title="College football">College football</a> also attracts audiences of millions. Some communities, particularly in rural areas, place great emphasis on their local <a href="/wiki/High_school_football" title="High school football">high school football</a> team. American football games usually include <a href="/wiki/Cheerleaders" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheerleaders">cheerleaders</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marching_band" title="Marching band">marching bands</a>, which aim to raise school spirit and entertain the crowd at <a href="/wiki/Halftime" class="mw-redirect" title="Halftime">halftime</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">Basketball</a> is another major sport, represented professionally by the <a href="/wiki/National_Basketball_Association" title="National Basketball Association">National Basketball Association</a>. It was invented in <a href="/wiki/Springfield,_Massachusetts" title="Springfield, Massachusetts">Springfield, Massachusetts</a>, in 1891, by Canadian-born physical education teacher <a href="/wiki/James_Naismith" title="James Naismith">James Naismith</a>. <a href="/wiki/College_basketball" title="College basketball">College basketball</a> is also popular, due in large part to the <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Men%27s_Division_I_Basketball_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship">NCAA men's Division I basketball tournament</a> in March, colloquially known as "March Madness". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> is the fourth-leading professional team sport. Always a mainstay of <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">Great Lakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>-area culture, the sport gained tenuous footholds in regions like the <a href="/wiki/American_South" class="mw-redirect" title="American South">American South</a> since the early 1990s, as the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> pursued a policy of expansion.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LA_Coliseum_Dec_23_2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/LA_Coliseum_Dec_23_2022.jpg/250px-LA_Coliseum_Dec_23_2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/LA_Coliseum_Dec_23_2022.jpg/375px-LA_Coliseum_Dec_23_2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/LA_Coliseum_Dec_23_2022.jpg/500px-LA_Coliseum_Dec_23_2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1886" data-file-height="1321" /></a><figcaption>Completed in 1923, the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Memorial_Coliseum" title="Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum">Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum</a> will become the first stadium to have hosted the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> three times when it hosts the <a href="/wiki/2028_Summer_Olympics" title="2028 Summer Olympics">2028 Summer Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USC_News_2018-03-29_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USC_News_2018-03-29-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> is a team sport of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/First_Nations_in_Canada" title="First Nations in Canada">Canadian</a> <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Native American</a> origin and is most popular on the East Coast. <a href="/wiki/National_Lacrosse_League" title="National Lacrosse League">NLL</a> and <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Lacrosse" title="Major League Lacrosse">MLL</a> are the national <a href="/wiki/Box_lacrosse" title="Box lacrosse">box</a> and <a href="/wiki/Outdoor_lacrosse" class="mw-redirect" title="Outdoor lacrosse">outdoor lacrosse</a> leagues. Many of the top Division I college lacrosse teams draw upwards of 7–10,000 for a game, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mid-Atlantic States">Mid-Atlantic</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> areas. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Soccer" class="mw-redirect" title="Soccer">Soccer</a> is very popular as a participation sport, particularly among youth, and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_men%27s_national_soccer_team" title="United States men's national soccer team">US national teams</a> are competitive internationally. A twenty-six-team (with four more confirmed to be added within the next few years) professional league, <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a>, plays from March to October, but its television audience and overall popularity lag behind other American professional sports.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other popular sports are <a href="/wiki/Tennis" title="Tennis">tennis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">softball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rodeo" title="Rodeo">rodeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swimming_(sport)" title="Swimming (sport)">swimming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Water_polo" title="Water polo">water polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fencing" title="Fencing">fencing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shooting_sports" title="Shooting sports">shooting sports</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">volleyball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skiing" title="Skiing">skiing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowboarding" title="Snowboarding">snowboarding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skateboarding" title="Skateboarding">skateboarding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_(sport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultimate (sport)">ultimate</a>, <a href="/wiki/Disc_golf" title="Disc golf">disc golf</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycle_sport" title="Cycle sport">cycling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mixed_martial_arts" title="Mixed martial arts">MMA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roller_derby" title="Roller derby">roller derby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olympic_weightlifting" title="Olympic weightlifting">weightlifting</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">rugby</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center_(48613535076).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center_%2848613535076%29.jpg/290px-USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center_%2848613535076%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center_%2848613535076%29.jpg/435px-USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center_%2848613535076%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center_%2848613535076%29.jpg/580px-USTA_Billie_Jean_King_National_Tennis_Center_%2848613535076%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Bronze Statue by <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Fredericks" title="Marshall Fredericks">Marshall Fredericks</a> at the <a href="/wiki/USTA_National_Tennis_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="USTA National Tennis Center">USTA National Tennis Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Flushing,_Queens" title="Flushing, Queens">Flushing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Relative to other parts of the world, the United States is unusually competitive in women's sports, a fact usually attributed to the <a href="/wiki/Title_IX" title="Title IX">Title IX</a> anti-discrimination law, which requires most American colleges to give equal funding to men's and women's sports.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite that, however, women's sports are not nearly as popular among spectators as men's sports. </p><p>The United States enjoys a great deal of success both in the <a href="/wiki/Summer_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Winter Olympics">Winter Olympics</a>, constantly finishing among the top medal winners. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sports_and_community_culture">Sports and community culture</h4></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Homecoming" title="Homecoming">Homecoming</a> is an annual tradition in the United States. People, towns, high schools and colleges come together, usually in late September or early October, to welcome back former residents and <a href="/wiki/Alumni" title="Alumni">alumni</a>. It is built around a central event, such as a <a href="/wiki/Banquet" title="Banquet">banquet</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parade</a>, and most often, a game of <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a>, or, on occasion, <a href="/wiki/Basketball" title="Basketball">basketball</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a>. When celebrated by schools, the activities vary. However, they usually consist of a football game, played on the school's home football field, activities for students and alumni, a <a href="/wiki/Parade" title="Parade">parade</a> featuring the school's <a href="/wiki/Marching_band" title="Marching band">marching band</a> and sports teams, and the coronation of a <a href="/wiki/Homecoming_Queen" class="mw-redirect" title="Homecoming Queen">Homecoming Queen</a>. </p><p>American high schools commonly field football, basketball, baseball, softball, volleyball, soccer, golf, swimming, track and field, and cross-country teams as well. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_holidays">Public holidays</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Public holidays in the United States</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Culture of the United States">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg/220px-New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg/330px-New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg/440px-New_Year_Ball_Drop_Event_for_2012_at_Times_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3071" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> is the world's most famous location for <a href="/wiki/New_Year" title="New Year">New Year's</a> celebrations, with the annual <a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Ball" title="Times Square Ball">ball drop</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument,_1986.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg/170px-Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg/255px-Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg/340px-Fourth_of_July_fireworks_behind_the_Washington_Monument%2C_1986.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1652" data-file-height="2513" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fireworks" title="Fireworks">Fireworks</a> light up the sky over the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> during <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:John_F._Kennedy,_turkey_pardon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_turkey_pardon.jpg/170px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_turkey_pardon.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_turkey_pardon.jpg/255px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_turkey_pardon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/John_F._Kennedy%2C_turkey_pardon.jpg/340px-John_F._Kennedy%2C_turkey_pardon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3150" data-file-height="3109" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/John_F._Kennedy" title="John F. Kennedy">John F. Kennedy</a> unofficially spares a turkey on November 19, 1963. The practice of "<a href="/wiki/National_Thanksgiving_Turkey_Presentation" title="National Thanksgiving Turkey Presentation">pardoning</a>" turkeys in this manner became a permanent tradition in 1989.</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States observes holidays derived from events in <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">American history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christian_traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian traditions">Christian traditions</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">national patriarchs</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving</a> is the principal traditionally-American holiday, evolving from the English <a href="/wiki/Pilgrims_(Plymouth_Colony)" title="Pilgrims (Plymouth Colony)">Pilgrim's</a> custom of giving thanks for one's welfare. Thanksgiving is generally celebrated as a family reunion with a large afternoon feast. <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> (or the Fourth of July) celebrates the anniversary of the country's <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> from Great Britain, and is generally observed by parades throughout the day and the shooting of fireworks at night. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christmas_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a>, celebrating the birth of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, is widely celebrated and a federal holiday, though a fair amount of its current cultural importance is due to secular reasons. <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">European colonization</a> has led to some other <a href="/wiki/Christian_holidays" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian holidays">Christian holidays</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Patrick's Day">St. Patrick's Day</a> to be observed, though with varying degrees of religious fidelity. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Halloween" title="Halloween">Halloween</a>, also known as All Hallows' Eve, is a holiday of diverse origins. It has become a holiday that is celebrated by children and teens who traditionally dress up in costumes and go door to door trick-or-treating for candy. It also brings about an emphasis on eerie and frightening <a href="/wiki/Urban_legends" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban legends">urban legends</a> and movies. <a href="/wiki/Mardi_Gras" title="Mardi Gras">Mardi Gras</a>, which evolved from the Catholic tradition of <a href="/wiki/Carnival" title="Carnival">Carnival</a>, is observed in the state of <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Federally recognized holidays of the United States<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#efefef;"> <th>Date</th> <th>Official name</th> <th>Remarks </th></tr> <tr> <td>January 1</td> <td nowrap="">New Year's Day</td> <td>Celebrates beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a> year. Festivities include counting down to midnight (12:00 am) on a preceding night, New Year's Eve. The traditional end of the holiday season. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Monday of January</td> <td>Birthday of Martin Luther King Jr., or <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr._Day" title="Martin Luther King Jr. Day">Martin Luther King Jr. Day</a></td> <td>Honors <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr." title="Martin Luther King Jr.">Martin Luther King Jr.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights">Civil Rights</a> leader, who was actually born on January 15, 1929; combined with other holidays in several states. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Third Monday of February</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington%27s_Birthday" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington's Birthday">Washington's Birthday</a></td> <td>Washington's Birthday was first declared a federal holiday by an 1879 act of Congress. <a href="/wiki/Uniform_Monday_Holiday_Act" title="Uniform Monday Holiday Act">The Uniform Holidays Act</a>, 1968, shifted the date of the commemoration of Washington's Birthday from February 22 to the third Monday in February. Though its formal name was never changed, many call it "<a href="/wiki/Presidents%27_Day_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents' Day (United States)">Presidents' Day</a>" and consider it a day honoring all American presidents.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Last Monday of May</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Day" title="Memorial Day">Memorial Day</a></td> <td>Honors the nation's war dead from the Civil War onwards; marks the unofficial beginning of the summer season. (Previously May 30, shifted by the Uniform Holidays Act.) </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Juneteenth" title="Juneteenth">Juneteenth</a> </td> <td>Juneteenth honors the emancipation of enslaved African Americans in the United States. An informal graft of the words "June" and "nineteenth", it refers to June 19, 1865, the final enforcement of President Lincoln's <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a> in distant Texas, which received belated news of it.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 4</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(US)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independence Day (US)">Independence Day</a></td> <td>Celebrates <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a>, also called the Fourth of July. </td></tr> <tr> <td>First Monday of September</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Labor_Day" title="Labor Day">Labor Day</a></td> <td>Celebrates the achievements of workers and the <a href="/wiki/Labour_movement" title="Labour movement">labor movement</a>; marks the unofficial end of the summer season. </td></tr> <tr> <td>Second Monday of October</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">Columbus Day</a></td> <td>Honors <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a>, traditional discoverer of <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">the Americas</a>. In some areas it is also a celebration of Italian culture and heritage. It is celebrated as <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Day" title="Columbus Day">American Indian Heritage Day</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fraternal_Day" title="Fraternal Day">Fraternal Day</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> celebrated as <a href="/wiki/Native_American_Day" title="Native American Day">Native American Day</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Hawaii, it is celebrated as Discoverer's Day, though is not an official state holiday.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 11</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Veterans_Day" title="Veterans Day">Veterans Day</a></td> <td>Honors all veterans of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_armed_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="United States armed forces">United States armed forces</a>. A traditional observation is a moment of silence at 11:00 am remembering those killed in <a href="/wiki/WWI" class="mw-redirect" title="WWI">WWI</a>. (Commemorates the <a href="/wiki/Armistice_with_Germany_(Compi%C3%A8gne)" class="mw-redirect" title="Armistice with Germany (Compiègne)">1918 armistice</a>, which began at "the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month.") </td></tr> <tr> <td>Fourth Thursday of November</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thanksgiving_(United_States)" title="Thanksgiving (United States)">Thanksgiving Day</a></td> <td>Traditionally celebrates the giving of thanks for the autumn harvest. Traditionally includes the consumption of a <a href="/wiki/Turkey_dinner" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkey dinner">turkey dinner</a>, and starts the <a href="/wiki/Christmas_and_holiday_season" title="Christmas and holiday season">holiday season</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 25</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></td> <td>Celebrates the Nativity of Jesus. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Names">Names</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Naming in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/African-American_names" title="African-American names">African-American names</a></div> <p>The United States has few <a href="/wiki/Naming_law" title="Naming law">laws governing given names</a>. Traditionally, the right to name your child or yourself as you choose has been upheld by court rulings and is rooted in the <a href="/wiki/Due_Process_Clause" title="Due Process Clause">Due Process Clause</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Fourteenth Amendment</a> of the U.S. Constitution and the Free Speech Clause of the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a>. This freedom, along with the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_diversity" title="Cultural diversity">cultural diversity</a> within the United States has given rise to a wide variety of names and naming trends. </p><p>Creativity has also long been a part of American naming traditions and names have been used to express personality, cultural identity, and values.<sup id="cite_ref-Naming_rights_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Naming_rights-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baby_Name_Wizard_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baby_Name_Wizard-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naming trends vary by race, geographic area, and socioeconomic status. African Americans, for instance, have developed a very distinct naming culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Baby_Name_Wizard_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baby_Name_Wizard-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both religious names and those inspired by popular culture are common.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few restrictions do exist, varying by state, mostly for the sake of practicality (e.g., limiting the number of characters due to limitations in record-keeping software). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fashion_and_dress">Fashion and dress</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/220px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/330px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg/440px-Carolina_Herrera_AW14_12.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Haute_couture" title="Haute couture">Haute couture</a> <a href="/wiki/Fashion_model" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashion model">fashion models</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Catwalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Catwalk">catwalk</a> during <a href="/wiki/New_York_Fashion_Week" title="New York Fashion Week">New York Fashion Week</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reagan_with_horse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reagan_with_horse.jpg/150px-Reagan_with_horse.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reagan_with_horse.jpg/225px-Reagan_with_horse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Reagan_with_horse.jpg/300px-Reagan_with_horse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Ronald Reagan</a> wearing stonewash <a href="/wiki/Denim" title="Denim">denim</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Western_clothing" class="mw-redirect" title="Western clothing">Western clothing</a>, 1970s</figcaption></figure> <p>Fashion in the United States is eclectic and predominantly informal. While the diverse cultural roots of Americans are reflected in their clothing, particularly those of recent immigrants, <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_hat" title="Cowboy hat">cowboy hats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cowboy_boot" title="Cowboy boot">boots</a>, and leather <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_jackets" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorcycle jackets">motorcycle jackets</a> are emblematic of specifically-American styles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Jeans" title="Jeans">Blue jeans</a> were popularized as work clothes in the 1850s by merchant <a href="/wiki/Levi_Strauss" title="Levi Strauss">Levi Strauss</a>, a German-Jewish immigrant in San Francisco, and adopted by many American teenagers a century later. They are worn in every state by people of all ages and social classes. Along with mass-marketed informal wear in general, blue jeans are arguably one of US culture's primary contributions to global fashion.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Though the informal dress is more common, certain professionals, such as <a href="/wiki/Bankers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bankers">bankers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawyers" class="mw-redirect" title="Lawyers">lawyers</a>, traditionally dress formally for work, and some occasions, such as <a href="/wiki/Weddings" class="mw-redirect" title="Weddings">weddings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Funerals">funerals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dance" title="Dance">dances</a>, and some parties, typically call for <a href="/wiki/Formal_wear" title="Formal wear">formal wear</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The annual <a href="/wiki/Met_Gala" title="Met Gala">Met Gala</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> is known worldwide as "fashion's biggest night".<sup id="cite_ref-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight1-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some cities and regions have specialties in certain areas. For example, Miami for swimwear, Boston and the general <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> area for formal menswear, Los Angeles for casual attire and womenswear, and cities like Seattle and Portland for eco-conscious fashion. Chicago is known for its sportswear, and is the premier fashion destination in the middle American market. Dallas, <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Austin,_Texas" title="Austin, Texas">Austin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashville" class="mw-redirect" title="Nashville">Nashville</a>, and Atlanta are big markets for the <a href="/wiki/Fast_fashion" title="Fast fashion">fast fashion</a> and cosmetics industries, alongside having their own distinct fashion sense that mainly incorporates cowboy boots and workwear, greater usage of makeup, lighter colors and pastels, "college prep" style, sandals, bigger hairstyles, and thinner, airier fabrics due to the heat and humidity of the region. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_nuclear_family_and_family_structure">The nuclear family and family structure</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">Nuclear family</a> and <a href="/wiki/Family_structure_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Family structure in the United States">Family structure in the United States</a></div> <p>Family arrangements in the United States reflect the <a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">nature</a> of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">American society</a>. The classic <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_family" title="Nuclear family">nuclear family</a> is a man and a woman, united in marriage, with one or more biological children.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, a person may grow up in a single-parent family, go on to marry and live in a childfree couple arrangement, then get divorced, live as a single for a couple of years, remarry, have children and live in a nuclear family arrangement.<sup id="cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Marriages,_Families_&_Intimate_Relationships_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marriages,_Families_&_Intimate_Relationships-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Year </th> <th colspan="4">Families (69.7%) </th> <th colspan="3">Non-families (31.2%) </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">Married couples (52.5%) </th> <th rowspan="2">Single parents </th> <th rowspan="2">Other blood relatives </th> <th colspan="2">Singles (25.5%) </th> <th rowspan="2">Other non-family </th></tr> <tr> <th>Nuclear family </th> <th>Without children </th> <th>Male </th> <th>Female </th></tr> <tr> <td>2000</td> <td>24.1%</td> <td>28.7%</td> <td>9.9%</td> <td>7%</td> <td>10.7%</td> <td>14.8%</td> <td>5.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td>40.3%</td> <td>30.3%</td> <td>5.2%</td> <td>5.5%</td> <td>5.6%</td> <td>11.5%</td> <td>1.7% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Youth_dependence">Youth dependence</h3></div> <p>Exceptions to the longstanding American custom of leaving home when one reaches legal adulthood at age eighteen can occur especially among Italian and Hispanic Americans, and in expensive urban real estate markets such as New York City,<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> California,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Honolulu" title="Honolulu">Honolulu</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where monthly rents can be prohibitively high. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marriage_and_divorce">Marriage and divorce</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Marriage_in_the_United_States" title="Marriage in the United States">Marriage in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Divorce_in_the_United_States" title="Divorce in the United States">Divorce in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Cohabitation_in_the_United_States" title="Cohabitation in the United States">Cohabitation in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marilyn_Monroe_and_Jerry_Giesler_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Marilyn_Monroe_and_Jerry_Giesler_3.jpg/170px-Marilyn_Monroe_and_Jerry_Giesler_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Marilyn_Monroe_and_Jerry_Giesler_3.jpg/255px-Marilyn_Monroe_and_Jerry_Giesler_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Marilyn_Monroe_and_Jerry_Giesler_3.jpg/340px-Marilyn_Monroe_and_Jerry_Giesler_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4336" data-file-height="5614" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marilyn_Monroe" title="Marilyn Monroe">Marilyn Monroe</a> signing divorce papers with celebrity attorney <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Giesler" title="Jerry Giesler">Jerry Giesler</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Marriage laws are established by individual states. The typical wedding involves a couple proclaiming their commitment to one another in front of their close relatives and friends, often presided over by a religious figure such as a minister, priest, or rabbi, depending upon the faith of the couple. In traditional Christian ceremonies, the bride's father will "give away" (handoff) the bride to the groom. Secular weddings are also common, often presided over by a judge, <a href="/wiki/Justice_of_the_Peace" class="mw-redirect" title="Justice of the Peace">Justice of the Peace</a>, or other municipal officials. <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">Same-sex marriage</a> is legal in all states since June 26, 2015.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Divorce" title="Divorce">Divorce</a> is the province of state governments, so divorce law varies from state to state. Prior to the 1970s, divorcing spouses had to allege that the other spouse was guilty of a crime or <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sin</a> like abandonment or adultery; when spouses simply could not get along, lawyers were forced to manufacture "uncontested" divorces. The <a href="/wiki/No-fault_divorce" title="No-fault divorce">no-fault divorce</a> revolution began in 1969 in California; New York and South Dakota were the <a href="/wiki/No-fault_divorce#Adoption_of_no-fault_divorce_laws_by_the_other_states" title="No-fault divorce">last states to begin allowing no-fault divorce</a>. No-fault divorce on the grounds of "irreconcilable differences" is now available in all states. However, many states have recently required separation periods prior to a formal divorce decree. </p><p>State law provides for <a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">child support</a> where children are involved, and sometimes for <a href="/wiki/Alimony" title="Alimony">alimony</a>. "Married adults now divorce two-and-a-half times as often as adults did 20 years ago and four times as often as they did 50 years ago... between 40% and 60% of <i>new</i> marriages will eventually end in divorce. The probability within... the first five years is 20%, and the probability of its ending within the first 10 years is 33%... Perhaps 25% of children (ages 16 and under) live with a stepparent."<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The median length for a marriage in the U.S. today is 11 years with 90% of all divorces being settled out of court.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Housing">Housing</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Suburbanization" title="Suburbanization">Suburbanization</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_American_Dream" class="mw-redirect" title="The American Dream">The American Dream</a>, and <a href="/wiki/White_flight" title="White flight">White flight</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:831Richland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/831Richland.jpg/220px-831Richland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/831Richland.jpg/330px-831Richland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/831Richland.jpg/440px-831Richland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3332" data-file-height="2222" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/American_Foursquare" title="American Foursquare">American Foursquare</a> was a popular house style from the late 19th century until the 1930s.</figcaption></figure> <p>Historically, Americans mainly lived in a rural environment, with a few important cities of moderate size. The <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a> brought a period of <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">urbanization</a> accelerated by the <a href="/wiki/GI_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="GI Bill">GI Bill</a> that incentivized soldiers returning from WWII to purchase a house in the <a href="/wiki/Suburbs" class="mw-redirect" title="Suburbs">suburbs</a>. </p><p>American cities with housing prices near the national median have also been losing the <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">middle income</a> neighborhoods, those with median income between 80% and 120% of the metropolitan area's median household income. Here, the more affluent members of the middle-class, who are also often referred to as being professional or <a href="/wiki/Upper-middle-class" class="mw-redirect" title="Upper-middle-class">upper-middle-class</a>, have left in search of larger homes in more exclusive suburbs. This trend is largely attributed to the <a href="/wiki/American_middle-class#Middle-class_squeeze" class="mw-redirect" title="American middle-class">middle-class squeeze</a>, which has caused a starker distinction between the <a href="/wiki/American_middle-class#statistical_middle_class" class="mw-redirect" title="American middle-class">statistical middle class</a> and the more privileged members of the <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Washington_Post,_America_is_losing_its_middle-income_neighborhoods_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Washington_Post,_America_is_losing_its_middle-income_neighborhoods-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In more expensive areas such as California, however, another trend has been taking place where an influx of more affluent middle-class households has displaced those in the actual middle of society and converted former American <a href="/wiki/American_middle-class#statistical_middle_class" class="mw-redirect" title="American middle-class">middle-middle-class</a> neighborhoods into <a href="/wiki/American_upper_middle_class" class="mw-redirect" title="American upper middle class">upper-middle-class</a> neighborhoods.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated4_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Volunteerism">Volunteerism</h3></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville" title="Alexis de Tocqueville">Alexis de Tocqueville</a> first noted, in 1835, the American attitude towards helping others in need. A 2011 <a href="/wiki/Charities_Aid_Foundation" title="Charities Aid Foundation">Charities Aid Foundation</a> study found that Americans were the first most willing to help a stranger and donate time and money in the world at 60%. Many low-level crimes are punished by assigning hours of "<a href="/wiki/Community_service" title="Community service">community service</a>", a requirement that the offender perform volunteer work;<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> some high schools also require community service to graduate. Since US citizens are required to attend <a href="/wiki/Jury_duty" title="Jury duty">jury duty</a>, they can be jurors in legal proceedings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drugs_and_alcohol">Drugs and alcohol</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/History_of_United_States_drug_prohibition" title="History of United States drug prohibition">History of United States drug prohibition</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Culture of the United States">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5_Prohibition_Disposal(9)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/5_Prohibition_Disposal%289%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-5_Prohibition_Disposal%289%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/5_Prohibition_Disposal%289%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-5_Prohibition_Disposal%289%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/5_Prohibition_Disposal%289%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-5_Prohibition_Disposal%289%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4069" data-file-height="3155" /></a><figcaption>New York City Police officers pour liquor into sewer during <a href="/wiki/Prohibition" title="Prohibition">Prohibition</a> in 1921</figcaption></figure> <p>American attitudes towards drugs and alcoholic beverages have evolved considerably throughout the country's history. In the 19th century, alcohol was readily available and consumed, and no laws restricted the use of other drugs. Attitudes on drug addiction started to change, resulting in the <a href="/wiki/Harrison_Narcotics_Tax_Act" title="Harrison Narcotics Tax Act">Harrison Act</a>, which eventually became proscriptive. </p><p>A movement to ban alcoholic beverages called the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">Temperance movement</a>, emerged in the late 19th century. Several American Protestant religious groups and women's groups, such as the <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Christian_Temperance_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Women's Christian Temperance Union">Women's Christian Temperance Union</a>, supported the movement. In 1919, Prohibitionists succeeded in <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">amending the Constitution</a> to prohibit the sale of alcohol. Although the Prohibition period did result in a 50% decrease in alcohol consumption,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> banning alcohol outright proved to be unworkable, as the previously legitimate distillery industry was replaced by criminal gangs that trafficked in alcohol. Prohibition <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution">was repealed</a> in 1933. States and localities retained the right to remain "dry", and to this day, <a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">a handful</a> still do. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> era, attitudes swung well away from prohibition.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (August 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Commentators noted that an 18-year-old could be <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">drafted</a> to war but could not buy a beer.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Since 1980, the trend has been toward greater restrictions on alcohol and drug use. The focus this time, however, has been to criminalize behaviors associated with alcohol, rather than attempt to prohibit consumption outright. New York was the first state to enact tough <a href="/wiki/Drunk-driving" class="mw-redirect" title="Drunk-driving">drunk-driving</a> laws in 1980; since then all other states have followed suit. All states have also <a href="/wiki/National_Minimum_Drinking_Age_Act" title="National Minimum Drinking Age Act">banned the purchase</a> of alcoholic beverages by individuals under 21. </p><p>A "<a href="/wiki/Just_Say_No" title="Just Say No">Just Say No</a> to Drugs" movement replaced the more liberal ethos of the 1960s. This led to stricter drug laws and greater police latitude in drug cases. Drugs are, however, widely available, and 16% of Americans 12 and older used an illicit drug in 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1990s, <a href="/wiki/Marijuana" class="mw-redirect" title="Marijuana">marijuana</a> use has become increasingly tolerated in America, and a number of states allow the <a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">use of marijuana for medical purposes</a>. In most states marijuana is still illegal without a medical prescription. Since the 2012 general election, voters in the District of Columbia and the states of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> approved the legalization of marijuana for recreational use. Marijuana is illegal under federal law. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death_and_funerals">Death and funerals</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Off_topic plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>may contain material <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articles#Stay_on_topic" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles">not related to the topic of the article</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_the_United_States&action=edit">improve this section</a> or discuss this issue on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Talk:Culture of the United States">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomb_of_the_Unknowns_crack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns_crack.jpg/220px-Tomb_of_the_Unknowns_crack.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns_crack.jpg/330px-Tomb_of_the_Unknowns_crack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Tomb_of_the_Unknowns_crack.jpg/440px-Tomb_of_the_Unknowns_crack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="2128" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_the_Unknown_Soldier_(Arlington)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomb of the Unknown Soldier (Arlington)">Tomb of the Unknown Soldier</a> located in <a href="/wiki/Arlington_National_Cemetery" title="Arlington National Cemetery">Arlington National Cemetery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>It is customary for Americans to hold a <a href="/wiki/Wake_(ceremony)" title="Wake (ceremony)">wake</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Funeral_home" title="Funeral home">funeral home</a> within a couple of days of the death of a loved one. The body of the deceased may be <a href="/wiki/Embalmed" class="mw-redirect" title="Embalmed">embalmed</a> and dressed in fine clothing if there will be an open-casket <a href="/wiki/Viewing_(funeral)" title="Viewing (funeral)">viewing</a>. Traditional Jewish and Muslim practices include a ritual bath and no embalming. Friends, relatives and acquaintances gather, often from distant parts of the country, to "pay their last respects" to the deceased. Flowers are brought to the <a href="/wiki/Coffin" title="Coffin">coffin</a> and sometimes <a href="/wiki/Eulogy" title="Eulogy">eulogies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elegy" title="Elegy">elegies</a>, personal anecdotes or group prayers are recited. Otherwise, the attendees sit, stand or kneel in quiet contemplation or prayer. Kissing the corpse on the forehead is typical among Italian Americans<sup id="cite_ref-The_Italian_Way_of_Death_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Italian_Way_of_Death-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and others. <a href="/wiki/Condolences" title="Condolences">Condolences</a> are also offered to the widow or widower and other close relatives. </p><p>A funeral may be held immediately afterward or the next day. The funeral ceremony varies according to religion and culture. American Catholics typically hold a <a href="/wiki/Catholic_funeral" title="Catholic funeral">funeral mass</a> in a church, which sometimes takes the form of a <a href="/wiki/Requiem" title="Requiem">Requiem</a> mass. Jewish Americans may hold a service in a synagogue or temple. <a href="/wiki/Pallbearer" title="Pallbearer">Pallbearers</a> carry the coffin of the deceased to the <a href="/wiki/Hearse" title="Hearse">hearse</a>, which then proceeds in a <a href="/wiki/Procession" title="Procession">procession</a> to the place of final repose, usually a cemetery. The unique <a href="/wiki/Jazz_funeral" title="Jazz funeral">Jazz funeral</a> of New Orleans features joyous and raucous music and dancing during the procession. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Mount_Auburn_Cemetery" title="Mount Auburn Cemetery">Mount Auburn Cemetery</a> (founded in 1831) is known as "America's first garden cemetery."<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American <a href="/wiki/Cemetery" title="Cemetery">cemeteries</a> created since are distinctive for their <a href="/wiki/Rural_cemetery" title="Rural cemetery">park-like setting</a>. Rows of <a href="/wiki/Grave_(burial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grave (burial)">graves</a> are covered by <a href="/wiki/Lawn" title="Lawn">lawns</a> and are interspersed with trees and flowers. <a href="/wiki/Headstone" class="mw-redirect" title="Headstone">Headstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mausoleum" title="Mausoleum">mausoleums</a>, statuary or simple plaques typically mark off the individual graves. <a href="/wiki/Cremation" title="Cremation">Cremation</a> is another common practice in the United States, though it is frowned upon by various religions. The ashes of the deceased are usually placed in an <a href="/wiki/Urn" title="Urn">urn</a>, which may be kept in a private house, or they are interred. Sometimes the ashes are released into the atmosphere. The "sprinkling" or "scattering" of the ashes may be part of an informal ceremony, often taking place at a scenic natural feature (a cliff, lake or mountain) that was favored by the deceased. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Arts">Arts</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the United States">Architecture of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EmpireStateNewYokCity.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/EmpireStateNewYokCity.jpg/310px-EmpireStateNewYokCity.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/EmpireStateNewYokCity.jpg/465px-EmpireStateNewYokCity.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/EmpireStateNewYokCity.jpg/620px-EmpireStateNewYokCity.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1129" /></a><figcaption>The current <a href="/wiki/One_World_Trade_Center" title="One World Trade Center">One World Trade Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower</a> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> (background, seen under construction) surpassed the height of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> (foreground) on April 30, 2012.</figcaption></figure> <p>Architecture in the United States is regionally diverse and has been shaped by many external forces. <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Architecture of the United States">U.S. architecture</a> can therefore be said to be eclectic.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traditionally American architecture has influences from <a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_England" title="Architecture of England">English architecture</a><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to <a href="/wiki/List_of_Greek_and_Roman_architectural_records" title="List of Greek and Roman architectural records">Greco Roman architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The overriding theme of city American Architecture is <a href="/wiki/Skyscraper#Modern_skyscrapers" title="Skyscraper">modernity, as manifest in the skyscrapers</a> of the 20th century, with domestic and residential architecture greatly varying according to local tastes and climate, <a href="/wiki/Rural_areas_in_the_United_States" title="Rural areas in the United States">rural American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburban</a> architecture tends to be more traditional. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Visual_arts">Visual arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/170px-Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/255px-Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/340px-Grant_Wood_-_American_Gothic_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4973" data-file-height="6001" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/American_Gothic" title="American Gothic">American Gothic</a></i> (1930) by <a href="/wiki/Grant_Wood" title="Grant Wood">Grant Wood</a> is one of the most famous <a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">American paintings</a> and is widely <a href="/wiki/Parody" title="Parody">parodied</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the late-18th and early-19th centuries, American artists primarily painted landscapes and <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portraits</a> in a realistic style or that which looked to Europe for answers on technique: for example, <a href="/wiki/John_Singleton_Copley" title="John Singleton Copley">John Singleton Copley</a> was born in Boston, but most of his portraiture for which he is famous follow the trends of British painters like <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gainsborough" title="Thomas Gainsborough">Thomas Gainsborough</a> and the transitional period between <a href="/wiki/Rococo" title="Rococo">Rococo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neoclassicism" title="Neoclassicism">Neoclassicism</a>. The later 18th century was a time when the United States was just an infant as a nation and as far away from the phenomenon where artists would receive training as craftsmen by <a href="/wiki/Apprenticeship" title="Apprenticeship">apprenticeship</a> and later seeking a fortune as a professional, ideally getting a patron: Many artists benefited from the patronage of <a href="/wiki/Grand_Tour" title="Grand Tour">Grand Tourists</a> eager to procure mementos of their travels. There were no temples of Rome or grand nobility to be found in the Thirteen Colonies. Later developments of the 19th century brought America one of its earliest native homegrown movements, like the <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River_School" title="Hudson River School">Hudson River School</a> and portrait artists with a uniquely American flavor like <a href="/wiki/Winslow_Homer" title="Winslow Homer">Winslow Homer</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Georgia_O%27Keeffe_Red_Canna_1919_HMA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Georgia_O%27Keeffe_Red_Canna_1919_HMA.jpg/170px-Georgia_O%27Keeffe_Red_Canna_1919_HMA.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Georgia_O%27Keeffe_Red_Canna_1919_HMA.jpg/255px-Georgia_O%27Keeffe_Red_Canna_1919_HMA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Georgia_O%27Keeffe_Red_Canna_1919_HMA.jpg/340px-Georgia_O%27Keeffe_Red_Canna_1919_HMA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>From <a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe's</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Red_Canna_(paintings)" title="Red Canna (paintings)">Red Canna</a></i> series, 1919—an example of abstract <a href="/wiki/American_modernism#Visual_arts" title="American modernism">modernism</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A parallel development taking shape in rural America was the <a href="/wiki/American_craft" title="American craft">American craft</a> movement, which began as a reaction to the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>. As the nation grew wealthier, it had patrons able to buy the works of European painters and attract foreign talent willing to teach methods and techniques from Europe to willing students as well as artists themselves; photography became a very popular medium for both journalism and in time as a medium in its own right with America having plenty of open spaces of natural beauty and growing cities in the East teeming with new arrivals and new buildings. Museums in New York, <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> began to have a booming business in acquisitions, competing for works as diverse as the then more recent work of the <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionists</a> to pieces from <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, all of which captured the public imaginations and further influenced fashion and architecture. Developments in modern art in Europe came to America from exhibitions in New York City such as the <a href="/wiki/Armory_Show" title="Armory Show">Armory Show</a> in 1913. After World War II, New York emerged as a center of the art world. Painting in the United States today covers a vast range of styles. American painting includes works by <a href="/wiki/Jackson_Pollock" title="Jackson Pollock">Jackson Pollock</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Singer_Sargent" title="John Singer Sargent">John Singer Sargent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_O%27Keeffe" title="Georgia O'Keeffe">Georgia O'Keeffe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Norman_Rockwell" title="Norman Rockwell">Norman Rockwell</a>, among many others. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">American literature</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theater_and_performing_arts">Theater and performing arts</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Theater_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Theater of the United States">Theater of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway theatre</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Culture of the United States">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Theater of the United States is based in the Western tradition. The United States originated <a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">stand-up comedy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Improvisational_theatre#Modern" title="Improvisational theatre">modern improvisational theatre</a>, which involves taking suggestions from the audience. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Minstrel_show">Minstrel show</h4></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Minstrel_show" title="Minstrel show">minstrel show</a>, though now widely recognized as racist and offensive, is also recognized as the first uniquely American theatrical art form. Minstrel shows were developed in the 19th century and they were typically performed by white actors wearing <a href="/wiki/Blackface" title="Blackface">blackface</a> makeup for the purpose of imitating and caricaturing the speech and music of <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a>. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Foster" title="Stephen Foster">Stephen Foster</a> was a famous composer for minstrel shows. Many of his songs such as "<a href="/wiki/Camptown_Races" title="Camptown Races">Camptown Races</a>", "<a href="/wiki/Oh_Susanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Oh Susanna">Oh Susanna</a>", and "<a href="/wiki/My_Old_Kentucky_Home" title="My Old Kentucky Home">My Old Kentucky Home</a>" became popular American folk songs. <a href="/wiki/Tap_dancing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tap dancing">Tap dancing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stand-up_comedy" title="Stand-up comedy">stand-up comedy</a> have origins in minstrel shows.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">Banjos</a>, originally hand-made by slaves for entertainment on <a href="/wiki/Plantation_complexes_in_the_Southern_United_States" title="Plantation complexes in the Southern United States">plantations</a>, began to be mass-produced in the United States in the 1840s as a result of their extensive use on the minstrel stage.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Drama">Drama</h4></div> <p>American theater did not take on a unique dramatic identity until the emergence of <a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill" title="Eugene O'Neill">Eugene O'Neill</a> in the early 20th century, now considered by many to be the father of American drama.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> O'Neill is a four-time winner of the <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> for drama and the only American playwright to win the <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Nobel Prize in Literature</a>. After O'Neill, American drama came of age and flourished with the likes of <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Miller" title="Arthur Miller">Arthur Miller</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Williams" title="Tennessee Williams">Tennessee Williams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lillian_Hellman" title="Lillian Hellman">Lillian Hellman</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Inge" title="William Inge">William Inge</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clifford_Odets" title="Clifford Odets">Clifford Odets</a> during the first half of the 20th century. After this fertile period, American theater broke new ground, artistically, with the <a href="/wiki/Absurdist_theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Absurdist theatre">absurdist forms</a> of <a href="/wiki/Edward_Albee" title="Edward Albee">Edward Albee</a> in the 1960s. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lincoln_Center_Overview_(48047495362).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Lincoln_Center_Overview_%2848047495362%29.jpg/220px-Lincoln_Center_Overview_%2848047495362%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Lincoln_Center_Overview_%2848047495362%29.jpg/330px-Lincoln_Center_Overview_%2848047495362%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Lincoln_Center_Overview_%2848047495362%29.jpg/440px-Lincoln_Center_Overview_%2848047495362%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Center" title="Lincoln Center">Lincoln Center</a>, on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, hosts the <a href="/wiki/David_H._Koch_Theater" title="David H. Koch Theater">David H. Koch Theater</a> (left), the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Lincoln_Center)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)">Metropolitan Opera House</a> (center), and <a href="/wiki/David_Geffen_Hall" title="David Geffen Hall">David Geffen Hall</a> (right), surrounding the <a href="/wiki/Revson_Fountain" title="Revson Fountain">Revson Fountain</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Social_commentary" title="Social commentary">Social commentary</a> has also been a preoccupation of American theater, often addressing issues not discussed in the mainstream. Writers such as <a href="/wiki/Lorraine_Hansbury" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorraine Hansbury">Lorraine Hansbury</a>, <a href="/wiki/August_Wilson" title="August Wilson">August Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Mamet" title="David Mamet">David Mamet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tony_Kushner" title="Tony Kushner">Tony Kushner</a> have all won <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prizes">Pulitzer Prizes</a> for their polemical plays on American society.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Musical_theater">Musical theater</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lin-Manuel_Miranda_in_Hamilton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lin-Manuel_Miranda_in_Hamilton.jpg/220px-Lin-Manuel_Miranda_in_Hamilton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lin-Manuel_Miranda_in_Hamilton.jpg/330px-Lin-Manuel_Miranda_in_Hamilton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Lin-Manuel_Miranda_in_Hamilton.jpg/440px-Lin-Manuel_Miranda_in_Hamilton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3013" data-file-height="2345" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lin-Manuel_Miranda" title="Lin-Manuel Miranda">Lin-Manuel Miranda</a> as <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Alexander Hamilton</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_(musical)" title="Hamilton (musical)">Hamilton</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Musical_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical theater">Broadway musical</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>The United States is also the home and largest exporter of modern <a href="/wiki/Musical_theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical theater">musical theater</a>, producing such musical talents as <a href="/wiki/Rodgers_and_Hammerstein" title="Rodgers and Hammerstein">Rodgers and Hammerstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lerner_and_Loewe" title="Lerner and Loewe">Lerner and Loewe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cole_Porter" title="Cole Porter">Cole Porter</a>, <a href="/wiki/Irving_Berlin" title="Irving Berlin">Irving Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Gershwin" title="George Gershwin">George</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ira_Gershwin" title="Ira Gershwin">Ira Gershwin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kander_and_Ebb" title="Kander and Ebb">Kander and Ebb</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim" title="Stephen Sondheim">Stephen Sondheim</a>. <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> is one of the largest theater communities in the world and is the epicenter of American commercial theater. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_the_United_States" title="Music history of the United States">Music history of the United States</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Category:American_singers" title="Category:American singers">Category:American singers</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_American_composers" title="List of American composers">List of American composers</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:192px;max-width:192px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:98px;max-width:98px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg/96px-Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg" decoding="async" width="96" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg/144px-Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg/192px-Elvis_Presley_1970.jpg 2x" data-file-width="987" data-file-height="1521" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:90px;max-width:90px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:147px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Michael_Jackson_in_1988.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Michael_Jackson_in_1988.jpg/88px-Michael_Jackson_in_1988.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Michael_Jackson_in_1988.jpg/132px-Michael_Jackson_in_1988.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Michael_Jackson_in_1988.jpg/176px-Michael_Jackson_in_1988.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="502" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:95px;max-width:95px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Whitney_Houston_(cropped3).JPEG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Whitney_Houston_%28cropped3%29.JPEG/93px-Whitney_Houston_%28cropped3%29.JPEG" decoding="async" width="93" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Whitney_Houston_%28cropped3%29.JPEG/140px-Whitney_Houston_%28cropped3%29.JPEG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Whitney_Houston_%28cropped3%29.JPEG/186px-Whitney_Houston_%28cropped3%29.JPEG 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="736" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:93px;max-width:93px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:132px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Madonna_Rebel_Heart_Tour_2015_-_Stockholm_(23051472299)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Madonna_Rebel_Heart_Tour_2015_-_Stockholm_%2823051472299%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/91px-Madonna_Rebel_Heart_Tour_2015_-_Stockholm_%2823051472299%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Madonna_Rebel_Heart_Tour_2015_-_Stockholm_%2823051472299%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/137px-Madonna_Rebel_Heart_Tour_2015_-_Stockholm_%2823051472299%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Madonna_Rebel_Heart_Tour_2015_-_Stockholm_%2823051472299%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/182px-Madonna_Rebel_Heart_Tour_2015_-_Stockholm_%2823051472299%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2246" data-file-height="3294" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">American music artists such as <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a> have been considered global celebrities.</div></div></div></div> <p>American music styles and influences (such as <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pop_music" title="Pop music">pop</a>, <a href="/wiki/Techno" title="Techno">techno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a>) and music based on them can be heard all over the world. Music in the U.S. is very diverse, and the country has the world's <a href="/wiki/Global_music_industry_market_share_data" class="mw-redirect" title="Global music industry market share data">largest music market</a> with a total retail value of $4.9 billion in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-RIAJ_Yearbook_2012_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RIAJ_Yearbook_2012-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rhythmic and lyrical styles of <a href="/wiki/African-American_music" title="African-American music">African-American music</a> have significantly influenced American music at large, distinguishing it from European and African traditions. The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a> states, "African-American influences are so fundamental to American music that there would be no American music without them."<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">Country music</a> developed in the 1920s, and <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> in the 1940s. Elements from folk idioms such as the <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a> and what is known as <a href="/wiki/Old-time_music" title="Old-time music">old-time music</a> were adopted and transformed into <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">popular genres</a> with global audiences. <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">Jazz</a> was developed by innovators such as <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a> and <a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington" title="Duke Ellington">Duke Ellington</a> early in the 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2001_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2001-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Known for singing in a wide variety of genres, <a href="/wiki/Aretha_Franklin" title="Aretha Franklin">Aretha Franklin</a> is considered one of the all-time greatest American singers.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Berry" title="Chuck Berry">Chuck Berry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Elvis_Presley" title="Elvis Presley">Elvis Presley</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Little_Richard" title="Little Richard">Little Richard</a> were among the pioneers of <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a> in the mid-1950s. Rock bands such as <a href="/wiki/Metallica" title="Metallica">Metallica</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Eagles_(band)" title="Eagles (band)">Eagles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Aerosmith" title="Aerosmith">Aerosmith</a> are among the <a href="/wiki/List_of_best-selling_music_artists" title="List of best-selling music artists">highest grossing</a> in worldwide sales.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> emerged from the <a href="/wiki/American_folk_music_revival" title="American folk music revival">folk revival</a> to become one of America's most celebrated songwriters.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/American_popular_music" title="American popular music">American popular music</a>, as part of the wider U.S. pop culture, has a worldwide influence and following.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mid-20th-century American <a href="/wiki/Popular_music" title="Popular music">pop stars</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Bing_Crosby" title="Bing Crosby">Bing Crosby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Elvis Presley became global celebrities,<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2001_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2001-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as have artists of the late 20th century such as <a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prince_(musician)" title="Prince (musician)">Prince</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madonna" title="Madonna">Madonna</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Whitney_Houston" title="Whitney Houston">Whitney Houston</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American professional opera singers have reached the highest level of success in that form, including <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leontyne_Price" title="Leontyne Price">Leontyne Price</a>, <a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Eddy" title="Nelson Eddy">Nelson Eddy</a>, and many others. </p><p>As of 2022<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, <a href="/wiki/Taylor_Swift" title="Taylor Swift">Taylor Swift</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miley_Cyrus" title="Miley Cyrus">Miley Cyrus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ariana_Grande" title="Ariana Grande">Ariana Grande</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Gaga" title="Lady Gaga">Lady Gaga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katy_Perry" title="Katy Perry">Katy Perry</a>, and many others contemporary artists dominate <a href="/wiki/List_of_most-streamed_artists_on_Spotify" title="List of most-streamed artists on Spotify">global streaming rankings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The annual <a href="/wiki/Coachella_(festival)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachella (festival)">Coachella</a> music festival in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> is one of the largest, most famous, and most profitable music festivals in the United States and the world.<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema of the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood, Los Angeles</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hollywood_Sign_(Zuschnitt).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/200px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/300px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg/400px-Hollywood_Sign_%28Zuschnitt%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="11065" data-file-height="6916" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Sign" title="Hollywood Sign">Hollywood Sign</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The United States movie industry has a worldwide influence and following. <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles">Hollywood</a>, a northern district of Los Angeles, California, is the leader in motion picture production and the most recognizable movie industry in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Major_film_studios" title="Major film studios">major film studios</a> of the United States are the primary source of the <a href="/wiki/List_of_highest_grossing_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of highest grossing films">most commercially successful</a> and most ticket selling movies in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-Kerrigan_Page_18_105-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kerrigan_Page_18-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davis_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dominant style of American cinema is <a href="/wiki/Classical_Hollywood_cinema" title="Classical Hollywood cinema">classical Hollywood cinema</a>, which developed from 1913 to 1969 and is still typical of most films made there to this day. While Frenchmen <a href="/wiki/Auguste_and_Louis_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Auguste and Louis Lumière">Auguste and Louis Lumière</a> are generally credited with the birth of modern cinema,<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American cinema soon came to be a dominant force in the emerging industry. The world's first <a href="/wiki/Sound_film" title="Sound film">sync-sound</a> <a href="/wiki/Musical_film" title="Musical film">musical film</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a></i>, was released in 1927,<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was at the forefront of sound-film development in the following decades. <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a></i> (1941) is frequently cited in critics' polls as the <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">greatest film of all time</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Broadcasting">Broadcasting</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">Television in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">Radio in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Streaming_media" title="Streaming media">Streaming media</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article needs to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg/170px-Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg/255px-Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg/340px-Comcastcenter_vertical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="450" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Comcast_Center" title="Comcast Center">Comcast Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, headquarters of <a href="/wiki/Comcast" title="Comcast">Comcast</a>, the world's largest telecommunications and media conglomerate</figcaption></figure> <p>Television constitutes a significant part of the traditional <a href="/wiki/Media_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of the United States">media of the United States</a>. Household ownership of television sets in the country is 96.7%,<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the majority of households have more than one set. The peak ownership percentage of households with at least one television set occurred during the 1996–97 season, with 98.4% ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a whole, the <a href="/wiki/Television_network" class="mw-redirect" title="Television network">television networks</a> of the United States is the largest and most <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_syndication" title="Broadcast syndication">syndicated</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of August 2013, approximately 114,200,000 American households own at least one television set.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, due to a recent surge in the number and popularity of critically acclaimed television series, many critics have said that American television is currently enjoying a golden age.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Philosophy">Philosophy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">American philosophy</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Culture_of_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Culture of the United States">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg/220px-Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg/330px-Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg/440px-Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="1933" /></a><figcaption>Painting by <a href="/wiki/Howard_Chandler_Christy" title="Howard Chandler Christy">Howard Chandler Christy</a> of the scene at the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia Convention">Philadelphia Convention</a> which led to the signing of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a>, an important document in American political and legal philosophy</figcaption></figure> <p>Early American philosophy was heavily shaped by the European <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a>, which promoted ideals such as reason and individual liberty.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enlightenment ideals influenced the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution of the United States</a>. Major figures in the <a href="/wiki/American_Enlightenment" title="American Enlightenment">American Enlightenment</a> included <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Benjamin Franklin</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Mason" title="George Mason">George Mason</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Paine" title="Thomas Paine">Thomas Paine</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pragmatism" title="Pragmatism">Pragmatism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">transcendentalism</a> are uniquely American philosophical traditions founded in the 19th century by <a href="/wiki/William_James" title="William James">William James</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Waldo_Emerson" title="Ralph Waldo Emerson">Ralph Waldo Emerson</a> respectively. <a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a> is a philosophical system founded by <a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Ayn Rand</a> which influenced <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism" title="Libertarianism">libertarianism</a>. <a href="/wiki/John_Rawls" title="John Rawls">John Rawls</a> presented the theory of "<a href="/wiki/Justice_as_Fairness" title="Justice as Fairness">justice as fairness</a>" in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Theory_of_Justice" title="A Theory of Justice">A Theory of Justice</a></i> (1971). </p><p><a href="/wiki/Willard_Van_Orman_Quine" title="Willard Van Orman Quine">Willard Van Orman Quine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saul_Kripke" title="Saul Kripke">Saul Kripke</a>, and <a href="/wiki/David_Lewis_(philosopher)" title="David Lewis (philosopher)">David Lewis</a> helped advance <a href="/wiki/Logic" title="Logic">logic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">analytic philosophy</a> in the 20th century. <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Kuhn" title="Thomas Kuhn">Thomas Kuhn</a> revolutionized the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_science" title="Philosophy of science">philosophy of science</a> with his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Structure_of_Scientific_Revolutions" title="The Structure of Scientific Revolutions">The Structure of Scientific Revolutions</a></i> (1962), one of the most cited academic works of all time, and he coined the term <a href="/wiki/Paradigm_shift" title="Paradigm shift">paradigm shift</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">Artificial intelligence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind" title="Philosophy of mind">philosophy of mind</a> have been heavily influenced by American philosophers such as <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Dennett" title="Daniel Dennett">Daniel Dennett</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Noam_Chomsky" title="Noam Chomsky">Noam Chomsky</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hilary_Putnam" title="Hilary Putnam">Hilary Putnam</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Fodor" title="Jerry Fodor">Jerry Fodor</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_Searle" title="John Searle">John Searle</a>, who contributed to <a href="/wiki/Cognitivism_(psychology)" title="Cognitivism (psychology)">cognitivism</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hard_problem_of_consciousness" title="Hard problem of consciousness">hard problem of consciousness</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mind-body_problem" class="mw-redirect" title="Mind-body problem">mind-body problem</a>. The Libet experiment created by American neuroscientist <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Libet" title="Benjamin Libet">Benjamin Libet</a> raised philosophical debate regarding the <a href="/wiki/Neuroscience_of_free_will" title="Neuroscience of free will">neuroscience of free will</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Chinese_room" title="Chinese room">Chinese room</a> thought experiment presented by John Searle questions the nature of intelligence in machines, and it has been influential in <a href="/wiki/Cognitive_science" title="Cognitive science">cognitive science</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Philosophy of artificial intelligence">philosophy of artificial intelligence</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_culture_of_the_United_States" title="Political culture of the United States">Political culture of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></div><p><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights in the United States</a> are comparatively advanced by world standards.<sup id="cite_ref-Derks-2020_120-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Derks-2020-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Government">Government</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States government">United States government</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement_and_crime">Law enforcement and crime</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">Incarceration in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Washington_DC,_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg/200px-Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg/300px-Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg/400px-Washington_DC%2C_FBI_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/J._Edgar_Hoover_Building" title="J. Edgar Hoover Building">J. Edgar Hoover Building</a> is the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI), in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are about 18,000 U.S. police agencies from local to federal level in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Law in the United States is mainly <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Law enforcement in the United States">enforced</a> by local police departments and <a href="/wiki/Sheriff" title="Sheriff">sheriff</a>'s offices. The <a href="/wiki/State_police" title="State police">state police</a> provides broader services, and <a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">federal agencies</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">U.S. Marshals Service</a> have specialized duties, such as protecting <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil rights">civil rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Security_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="National Security of the United States">national security</a> and enforcing <a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_courts" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. federal courts">U.S. federal courts</a>' rulings and federal laws.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">State courts</a> conduct most civil and criminal trials,<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and federal courts handle designated crimes and appeals from the state criminal courts.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2023<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Culture_of_the_United_States&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, the United States has the <a href="/wiki/United_States_incarceration_rate" title="United States incarceration rate">sixth-highest documented incarceration rate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">second-largest prison population</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2019, the total prison population for those sentenced to more than a year was 1,430,800, corresponding to a ratio of 419 per 100,000 residents and the lowest since 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Various states have attempted to <a href="/wiki/Decarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Decarceration in the United States">reduce their prison populations</a> via government policies and grassroots initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>U.S. police are <a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">comparatively violent</a>, with deaths in custody and fatal shootings being higher than in other developed countries.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_culture">Military culture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force#Culture" title="United States Air Force">Culture of the United States Air Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_United_States_Marine_Corps" title="Culture of the United States Marine Corps">Culture of the United States Marine Corps</a>, <a href="/wiki/LDRSHIP" title="LDRSHIP">LDRSHIP</a>, and <a href="/wiki/U.S._Soldier%27s_Creed" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Soldier's Creed">U.S. Soldier's Creed</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nose_art_on_the_B-25J_Take-off_Time.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nose_art_on_the_B-25J_Take-off_Time.JPG/220px-Nose_art_on_the_B-25J_Take-off_Time.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nose_art_on_the_B-25J_Take-off_Time.JPG/330px-Nose_art_on_the_B-25J_Take-off_Time.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Nose_art_on_the_B-25J_Take-off_Time.JPG/440px-Nose_art_on_the_B-25J_Take-off_Time.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pin-up" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin-up">Pin-up</a> girl nose art on the restored World War II <a href="/wiki/North_American_B-25_Mitchell" title="North American B-25 Mitchell">B-25J</a> aircraft <i>Take-off Time</i></figcaption></figure> <p>From the time of its inception, the military played a decisive role in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States" title="History of the United States">history of the United States</a>. A sense of national unity and identity was forged out of the victorious <a href="/wiki/First_Barbary_War" title="First Barbary War">First Barbary War</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_Barbary_War" title="Second Barbary War">Second Barbary War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a>. Even so, the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founders</a> were suspicious of a permanent military force and not until the outbreak of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> did a large standing army become officially established.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Act_of_1947" title="National Security Act of 1947">National Security Act of 1947</a>, adopted following World War II and during the onset of the Cold War, created the modern U.S. military framework;<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Act merged previously Cabinet-level <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">Department of War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Navy" title="United States Department of the Navy">Department of the Navy</a> into the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense" title="United States Department of Defense">National Military Establishment</a> (renamed the Department of Defense in 1949), headed by the Secretary of Defense; and created the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Air_Force" title="United States Department of the Air Force">Department of the Air Force</a> and National Security Council.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Military service in the United States is voluntary, although <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States" title="Conscription in the United States">conscription</a> may occur in wartime through the <a href="/wiki/Selective_Service_System" title="Selective Service System">Selective Service System</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States has the third-largest combined armed forces in the world, behind the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Liberation_Army" title="People's Liberation Army">Chinese People's Liberation Army</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indian_Armed_Forces" title="Indian Armed Forces">Indian Armed Forces</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-IISS_136-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IISS-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. military operates about 800 bases and facilities abroad,<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maintainaining <a href="/wiki/United_States_military_deployments" title="United States military deployments">deployments greater than 100 active duty personnel</a> in 25 foreign countries,<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and possesses significant capabilities in both defense and <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">power projection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gun_culture">Gun culture</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gun_culture_in_the_United_States" title="Gun culture in the United States">Gun culture in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:207px;max-width:207px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:153px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2000-_Gun_sales_and_NICS_firearm_background_checks_-_U.S.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2000-_Gun_sales_and_NICS_firearm_background_checks_-_U.S.svg/205px-2000-_Gun_sales_and_NICS_firearm_background_checks_-_U.S.svg.png" decoding="async" width="205" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2000-_Gun_sales_and_NICS_firearm_background_checks_-_U.S.svg/308px-2000-_Gun_sales_and_NICS_firearm_background_checks_-_U.S.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/2000-_Gun_sales_and_NICS_firearm_background_checks_-_U.S.svg/410px-2000-_Gun_sales_and_NICS_firearm_background_checks_-_U.S.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">U.S. gun sales have risen in the 21st century, peaking in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-Trace_20231231_FBI_141-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trace_20231231_FBI-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "NICS" is the FBI's National Instant Background Check System.</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:231px;max-width:231px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:153px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg/229px-Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="229" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg/344px-Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg/458px-Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="2247" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Visitors at a <a href="/wiki/Gun_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun show">gun show</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>In sharp contrast to most other nations, <a href="/wiki/Gun_law_in_the_United_States" title="Gun law in the United States">firearms laws in the United States are permissive</a>, and private gun ownership is common; almost half of American households contain at least one firearm.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Supreme Court has ruled that the <a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Second Amendment to the United States Constitution">Second Amendment to the United States Constitution</a> protects an individual right to possess modern firearms, subject to reasonable regulation,<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a view shared by the majority of Americans. </p><p>There are more privately owned firearms in the United States than in any other country, both <i>per capita</i> and in total.<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Civilians in the United States possess about 42% of the global inventory of privately owned firearms.<sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rates of gun ownership vary significantly by region and by state; gun ownership is most common in Alaska, the <a href="/wiki/Mountain_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain States">Mountain States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">the South</a>, and least prevalent in Hawaii, the <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">island territories</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, and <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>. Across the board, gun ownership tends to be more common in rural than in urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hunting, <a href="/wiki/Plinking" title="Plinking">plinking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Target_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="Target shooting">target shooting</a> are popular pastimes, although ownership of firearms for purely utilitarian purposes such as personal protection is common as well. "Personal protection" was the most common reason given for gun ownership in a 2013 Gallup poll of gun owners, at 60%.<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ownership of <a href="/wiki/Handguns" class="mw-redirect" title="Handguns">handguns</a>, while not uncommon, is less common than ownership of <a href="/wiki/Long_guns" class="mw-redirect" title="Long guns">long guns</a>. Gun ownership is much more prevalent among men than among women, with men being approximately four times more likely than women to report owning guns.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Society">Society</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society of the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Science_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Science policy of the United States">Science policy of the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JWST_people.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/JWST_people.jpg/220px-JWST_people.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/JWST_people.jpg/330px-JWST_people.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/JWST_people.jpg/440px-JWST_people.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1084" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Early full-scale model of the <a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> on display at NASA <a href="/wiki/Goddard_Space_Flight_Center" title="Goddard Space Flight Center">Goddard Space Flight Center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greenbelt,_Maryland" title="Greenbelt, Maryland">Greenbelt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> (2005)</figcaption></figure> <p>There is a regard for scientific advancement and technological innovation in American culture, resulting in the creation of many modern innovations. The great American inventors include <a href="/wiki/Robert_Fulton" title="Robert Fulton">Robert Fulton</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Steamboat" title="Steamboat">steamboat</a>); <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Morse" title="Samuel Morse">Samuel Morse</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Telegraph" class="mw-redirect" title="Telegraph">telegraph</a>); <a href="/wiki/Eli_Whitney" title="Eli Whitney">Eli Whitney</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_gin" title="Cotton gin">cotton gin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">interchangeable parts</a>); <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_McCormick" title="Cyrus McCormick">Cyrus McCormick</a> (the <a href="/wiki/Reaper" title="Reaper">reaper</a>); and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> (with more than a thousand inventions credited to his name). Most of the new technological innovations over the 20th and 21st centuries were either first invented in the United States, first widely adopted by Americans, or both. Examples include the <a href="/wiki/Lightbulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Lightbulb">lightbulb</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Airplane" title="Airplane">airplane</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Transistor" title="Transistor">transistor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Atomic_bomb" class="mw-redirect" title="Atomic bomb">atomic bomb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_power" title="Nuclear power">nuclear power</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>, the <a href="/wiki/IPod" title="IPod">iPod</a>, <a href="/wiki/Video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Video games">video games</a>, <a href="/wiki/E-commerce" title="E-commerce">online shopping</a>, and the development of the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sawyer2012_149-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sawyer2012-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States also developed the <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">Global Positioning System</a>, which is the world's pre-eminent <a href="/wiki/Satellite_navigation" title="Satellite navigation">satellite navigation</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/220px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/330px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg/440px-Buzz_salutes_the_U.S._Flag-crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="1714" /></a><figcaption>U.S. astronaut <a href="/wiki/Buzz_Aldrin" title="Buzz Aldrin">Buzz Aldrin</a> saluting the <a href="/wiki/United_States_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="United States flag">flag</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Lunar_surface" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar surface">Moon</a> during the 1969 <a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a> mission. The United States is the only country that has sent <a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">crewed missions to the lunar surface</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States has been a leader in technological <a href="/wiki/Innovation" title="Innovation">innovation</a> since the late 19th century and scientific research since the mid-20th century. Methods for producing <a href="/wiki/Interchangeable_parts" title="Interchangeable parts">interchangeable parts</a> and the establishment of a <a href="/wiki/Machine_tool" title="Machine tool">machine tool</a> industry enabled the <a href="/wiki/American_system_of_manufacturing" title="American system of manufacturing">U.S. to have large-scale manufacturing</a> of sewing machines, bicycles, and other items in the late 19th century. In the early 20th century, factory <a href="/wiki/Electrification" title="Electrification">electrification</a>, the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Assembly_line" title="Assembly line">assembly line</a>, and other labor-saving techniques created the system of <a href="/wiki/Mass_production" title="Mass production">mass production</a>. This propensity for application of scientific ideas continued throughout the 20th century with innovations that held strong international benefits. The 20th century saw the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Space_Age" title="Space Age">Space Age</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a>, and a renaissance in the <a href="/wiki/Health_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Health sciences">health sciences</a>. This culminated in cultural milestones such as the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo Moon landings</a>, the creation of the <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>, and the sequencing effort called the <a href="/wiki/Human_Genome_Project" title="Human Genome Project">Human Genome Project</a>. In the 21st century, approximately two-thirds of research and development funding comes from the private sector.<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. had 2,944 active <a href="/wiki/Satellites" class="mw-redirect" title="Satellites">satellites</a> in space in December 2021, the highest number of any country.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg/150px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg/225px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg/300px-Edison_and_phonograph_edit2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2640" data-file-height="3327" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a> and his early phonograph. Edison was credited for inventing many devices, including the lightbulb.</figcaption></figure> <p>Throughout its history, American culture has made significant gains through the open immigration of accomplished scientists. Accomplished scientists include Scottish American scientist <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>, who developed and patented the telephone and other devices; German scientist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Steinmetz" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Steinmetz">Charles Steinmetz</a>, who developed new alternating-current electrical systems in 1889; Russian scientist <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Zworykin" class="mw-redirect" title="Vladimir Zworykin">Vladimir Zworykin</a>, who invented the motion camera in 1919; Serb scientist <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Tesla" title="Nikola Tesla">Nikola Tesla</a> who patented a brushless electrical <a href="/wiki/Induction_motor" title="Induction motor">induction motor</a> based on rotating magnetic fields in 1888. The rise of <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nazism" title="Nazism">Nazism</a> in the 1920s and 30s led many European scientists, such as <a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Albert Einstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Enrico Fermi</a>, and <a href="/wiki/John_von_Neumann" title="John von Neumann">John von Neumann</a>, to immigrate to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-fraser_153-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fraser-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Edison" title="Thomas Edison">Thomas Edison</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Research_institute" title="Research institute">research laboratory</a> developed the <a href="/wiki/Phonograph" title="Phonograph">phonograph</a>, the first <a href="/wiki/Incandescent_light_bulb" title="Incandescent light bulb">long-lasting light bulb</a>, and the first viable <a href="/wiki/Kinetoscope" title="Kinetoscope">movie camera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Edison_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Edison-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Wright_brothers" title="Wright brothers">Wright brothers</a> in 1903 made the <a href="/wiki/Wright_Flyer" title="Wright Flyer">first sustained and controlled heavier-than-air powered flight</a>, and the automobile companies of <a href="/wiki/Ransom_E._Olds" title="Ransom E. Olds">Ransom E. Olds</a> and <a href="/wiki/Henry_Ford" title="Henry Ford">Henry Ford</a> popularized the assembly line in the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fest_of_Books_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fest_of_Books_2009.jpg/250px-Fest_of_Books_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fest_of_Books_2009.jpg/375px-Fest_of_Books_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Fest_of_Books_2009.jpg/500px-Fest_of_Books_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="912" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times_Festival_of_Books" title="Los Angeles Times Festival of Books">Los Angeles Times Festival of Books</a> is the largest <a href="/wiki/Book_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Book festival">book festival</a> in the United States, annually drawing approximately 150,000 attendees.</figcaption></figure> <p>Education in the United States is and has historically been provided mainly by the government. Control and funding come from three levels: <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">federal</a>, <a href="/wiki/State_government" title="State government">state</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Local_government" title="Local government">local</a>. School attendance is mandatory and nearly universal at the elementary and high school levels (often known outside the United States as the primary and secondary levels).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Students have the option of having their education held in <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">public schools</a>, private schools, or <a href="/wiki/Homeschooling_in_the_United_States" title="Homeschooling in the United States">home school</a>. In most public and private schools, education is divided into three levels: <a href="/wiki/Primary_education_in_the_United_States" title="Primary education in the United States">elementary school</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">junior high school</a> (also often called middle school), and <a href="/wiki/Secondary_education_in_the_United_States" title="Secondary education in the United States">high school</a>. In almost all schools at these levels, children are divided by age groups into <a href="/wiki/Grade_levels" class="mw-redirect" title="Grade levels">grades</a>. <a href="/wiki/Post-secondary_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-secondary education">Post-secondary education</a>, better known as "college" in the United States, is generally governed separately from the elementary and high school systems.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In the year 2000, there were 76.6 million students enrolled in schools from <a href="/wiki/Kindergarten" title="Kindergarten">kindergarten</a> through <a href="/wiki/Graduate_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Graduate school">graduate schools</a>. Of these, 72 percent aged 12 to 17 were judged academically "on track" for their age (enrolled in school at or above grade level). Of those enrolled in compulsory education, 5.2 million (10.4 percent) were attending private schools. Among the country's adult population, over 85 percent have completed high school and 27 percent have received a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor%27s_degree" title="Bachelor's degree">bachelor's degree</a> or higher.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Yard_Historic_District-311.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Harvard_Yard_Historic_District-311.jpg/220px-Harvard_Yard_Historic_District-311.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Harvard_Yard_Historic_District-311.jpg/330px-Harvard_Yard_Historic_District-311.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Harvard_Yard_Historic_District-311.jpg/440px-Harvard_Yard_Historic_District-311.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Yard" title="Harvard Yard">Harvard Yard</a>, the oldest part of the <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> campus in <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a><sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The large majority of the world's top universities, as listed by various ranking organizations, are in the United States, including 19 of the top 25, and the most prestigious – <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The country also has by far the most <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_laureates_by_country" title="List of Nobel laureates by country">Nobel Prize winners</a> in history, with 403 (having won 406 awards).<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">American civil religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_deism" title="Ceremonial deism">Ceremonial deism</a>, <a href="/wiki/In_God_We_Trust" title="In God We Trust">In God We Trust</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:Black; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 389.47428549299px; border-left-color:LightGrey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:LightGrey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:LightGrey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 106.48918403248px; border-left-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:White"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:White"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 6.291466725365px; border-left-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Green"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Green"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 3.2162452993533E-14px; border-left-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Orange"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:Orange"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:99.211470131448px 12.53332335643px 0 0; border-top-color:Yellow"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Yellow"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:96.858316112863px 24.868988716485px 0 0; border-top-color:Pink"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Pink"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:92.977648588825px 36.812455268468px 0 0; border-top-color:Red"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Red"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:90.482705246602px 42.577929156507px 0 0; border-top-color:Purple"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Purple"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:87.630668004386px 48.175367410172px 0 0; border-top-color:Lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 524.21835811132px 100px 0; border-right-color:Blue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Blue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 6.291466725365px 100px 0; border-right-color:DarkBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:DarkBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Self-identified religious affiliation in the United States (2023 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">NORC</a></i> poll)<sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_the_United_States" title="Protestantism in the United States">Protestantism</a> (26%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholicism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism in the United States">Catholicism</a> (21%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Lightblue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> "Just Christian" (20%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Purple; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Mormonism" title="Mormonism">Mormonism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Red; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Unitarianism" title="Unitarianism">Unitarianism</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Pink; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in the United States">Judaism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Yellow; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a> (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Orange; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Something else (2%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Green; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Islam</a> (1%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Nothing in particular (12%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:LightGrey; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Agnostic (8%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Black; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Atheist (4%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Among <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed countries</a>, the U.S. is one of the most religious in terms of its demographics. According to a 2002 study by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Global_Attitudes_Project" class="mw-redirect" title="Pew Global Attitudes Project">Pew Global Attitudes Project</a>, the U.S. was the only developed nation in the survey where a majority of citizens reported that religion played a "very important" role in their lives, an opinion similar to that found in Latin America.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today, governments at the national, state, and local levels are <a href="/wiki/Secularity" title="Secularity">secular</a> institutions, with what is often called the "<a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">separation of church and state</a>". The most popular religion in the U.S. is <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>, comprising the majority of the population (73.7% of adults in 2016).<sup id="cite_ref-Gallup2016religion_165-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gallup2016religion-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although participation in organized religion has been diminishing, the public life and <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a> of the United States incorporates many Christian ideals specifically about redemption, salvation, conscience, and morality. Examples are popular culture obsessions with confession and forgiveness, which extends from <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality television</a> to <a href="/wiki/Twelve-step_meeting" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve-step meeting">twelve-step meetings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tleft"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:White; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:100px; border-width:96.858316112863px 24.868988716485px 0 0; border-top-color:Grey"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:Grey"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;right:100px; top:0; border-width:0 791.58150883058px 100px 0; border-right-color:Lightblue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;right:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 100px 0;border-color:Lightblue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:12.369331995614px; border-width:0 0 87.630668004386px 48.175367410172px; border-bottom-color:DarkBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Self-identified religiosity (2023 <i><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>-<a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">NORC</a></i> poll)<sup id="cite_ref-:10_168-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkBlue; color:white;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Very religious (17%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Lightblue; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Moderately religious (31%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Grey; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Slightly religious (23%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:White; color:black;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact;"> </span> Not religious at all (29%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>Most of the <a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British</a> <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a> were generally not tolerant of dissident forms of worship. Civil and religious restrictions were most strictly applied by the <a href="/wiki/Puritans" title="Puritans">Puritans</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Bay_Colony" title="Massachusetts Bay Colony">Massachusetts Bay Colony</a> which saw various banishments applied to enforce conformity, including the <a href="/wiki/Branding_iron" title="Branding iron">branding iron</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Whipping_post" class="mw-redirect" title="Whipping post">whipping post</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bilboes" title="Bilboes">bilboes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Noose" title="Noose">hangman's noose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The persecuting spirit was shared by <a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Colony" title="Plymouth Colony">Plymouth Colony</a> and the colonies along the <a href="/wiki/Connecticut_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Connecticut river">Connecticut river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PER_170-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PER-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mary_Dyer" title="Mary Dyer">Mary Dyer</a> was one of the four executed <a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">Quakers</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Boston_martyrs" title="Boston martyrs">Boston martyrs</a>, and her death on the Boston gallows marked the beginning of the end of Puritan <a href="/wiki/Theocracy" title="Theocracy">theocracy</a> and New England independence from English rule; in 1661 Massachusetts was forbidden from executing anyone for professing Quakerism.<sup id="cite_ref-CHLS_171-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHLS-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Anti-Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-Catholic">Anti-Catholic</a> sentiment appeared in New England with the first <a href="/wiki/Pilgrim_Fathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrim Fathers">Pilgrim</a> and Puritan settlers.<sup id="cite_ref-172" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Pilgrims of New England held radical Protestant disapproval of <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Christmas observance was outlawed in <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> in 1659.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ban by the Puritans was revoked in 1681 by an English appointed governor; however, it was not until the mid-19th century that celebrating Christmas became common in the Boston region.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Maryland" title="Province of Maryland">colony of Maryland</a>, founded by the Catholic <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Calvert,_2nd_Baron_Baltimore" title="Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore">Lord Baltimore</a> in 1634, came closest to applying freedom of religion.<sup id="cite_ref-Symbol_of_Enduring_Freedom_176-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Symbol_of_Enduring_Freedom-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fifteen years later (1649), the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Toleration_Act" title="Maryland Toleration Act">Maryland Toleration Act</a>, drafted by Lord Baltimore, provided: "No person or persons...shall from henceforth be any waies troubled, molested or discountenanced for or in respect of his or her religion nor in the free exercise thereof." The Act allowed freedom of worship for all <a href="/wiki/Trinitarianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarianism">Trinitarian</a> Christians in Maryland, but <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment" title="Capital punishment">sentenced to death</a> anyone who denied the divinity of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. </p><p>Modeling the provisions concerning religion within the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Statute_for_Religious_Freedom" title="Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom">Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom</a>, the framers of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Constitution">United States Constitution</a> rejected any religious test for office, and the <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="First Amendment to the United States Constitution">First Amendment</a> specifically denied the central government any power to enact any law respecting either an establishment of religion or prohibiting its free exercise. In the following decades, the animating spirit behind the constitution's <a href="/wiki/Establishment_Clause" title="Establishment Clause">Establishment Clause</a> led to the disestablishment of the official religions within the member states. The framers were mainly influenced by secular, <a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Enlightenment</a> ideals, but they also considered the pragmatic concerns of minority religious groups who did not want to be under the power or influence of a <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> that did not represent them.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>, author of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">Declaration of Independence</a> said: "The priest has been hostile to liberty. He is always in alliance with the despot."<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Gallup</i> polls during the early 2020s found that about 81% of Americans believe in some conception of a <a href="/wiki/Higher_Power" title="Higher Power">God</a> and 45% report <a href="/wiki/Prayer" title="Prayer">praying</a> on a daily basis.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2022_181-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2022-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to their poll in December 2022, "31% report attending a church, synagogue, mosque or temple weekly or nearly weekly today."<sup id="cite_ref-Jones-2022_181-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2022-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the "<a href="/wiki/Bible_Belt" title="Bible Belt">Bible Belt</a>", which is located primarily within the <a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern United States</a>, socially conservative <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Protestantism" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelical Protestantism">evangelical Protestantism</a> plays a significant role culturally. <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western United States</a> tend to be less religious.<sup id="cite_ref-Williams-2023_182-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Williams-2023-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Around 6% of Americans claim a non-Christian faith;<sup id="cite_ref-Nadeem-2022_183-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadeem-2022-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the largest of which are <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_the_United_States" title="Islam in the United States">Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_United_States" title="Hinduism in the United States">Hinduism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_the_United_States" title="Buddhism in the United States">Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pew2015_184-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pew2015-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The United States either <a href="/wiki/American_Jews" title="American Jews">has the first or second-largest Jewish population</a> in the world, and the largest outside of <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JDB_185-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JDB-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_deism" title="Ceremonial deism">Ceremonial deism</a>" is common in American culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Donadio-2021_186-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Donadio-2021-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Around 30% of Americans describe themselves as having <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nadeem-2022_183-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nadeem-2022-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Membership in a house of worship fell from 70% in 1999 to 47% in 2020, much of the decline related to the number of Americans expressing no religious preference. Membership also fell among those who identified with a specific religious group.<sup id="cite_ref-188" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to <i>Gallup</i>, trust in "the church or organized religion" has declined significantly since the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-McCarthy-2019_190-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McCarthy-2019-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the 2022 <a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Election_Study" title="Cooperative Election Study">Cooperative Election Study</a>, younger Americans are significantly less religious. Among <a href="/wiki/Generation_Z_in_the_United_States" title="Generation Z in the United States">Generation Z</a>, a near-majority consider themselves <a href="/wiki/Atheism" title="Atheism">atheist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agnosticism" title="Agnosticism">agnostic</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_atheism" title="Demographics of atheism">nothing in particular</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Burge-2023_191-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burge-2023-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_class_and_work">Social class and work</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class in the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy of the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social programs in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JMR-Memphis1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/JMR-Memphis1.jpg/170px-JMR-Memphis1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/JMR-Memphis1.jpg/255px-JMR-Memphis1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/JMR-Memphis1.jpg/340px-JMR-Memphis1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="448" data-file-height="675" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lady_Justice" title="Lady Justice">Lady Justice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shelby_County,_Tennessee#Shelby_County_Courthouse" title="Shelby County, Tennessee">Shelby County Courthouse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee" title="Memphis, Tennessee">Memphis, Tennessee</a>, United States</figcaption></figure> <p>Though the majority of Americans in the 21st century identify themselves as <a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a>, American society has experienced increased <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality" class="mw-redirect" title="Income inequality">income inequality</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Middle_class_according_to_The_Drum_Major_Institute_for_public_policy_192-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Middle_class_according_to_The_Drum_Major_Institute_for_public_policy-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Class,_A_Guide_through_the_American_status_system_193-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Class,_A_Guide_through_the_American_status_system-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Social class, generally described as a combination of <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">educational attainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_States" title="Income in the United States">income</a> and occupational prestige, is one of the greatest cultural influences in America.<sup id="cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_26-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nearly all cultural aspects of mundane interactions and consumer behavior in the U.S. are guided by a person's location within the country's <a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Social structure of the United States">social structure</a>. </p><p>Distinct lifestyles, consumption patterns and values are associated with different classes. Early sociologist-economist <a href="/wiki/Thorstein_Veblen" title="Thorstein Veblen">Thorstein Veblen</a>, for example, said that those at the top of the societal hierarchy engage in <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_leisure" title="Conspicuous leisure">conspicuous leisure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conspicuous_consumption" title="Conspicuous consumption">conspicuous consumption</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_upper_class" title="American upper class">Upper class</a> Americans commonly have elite <a href="/wiki/Ivy_League" title="Ivy League">Ivy League</a> <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">educations</a> and are traditionally members of exclusive clubs and fraternities with connections to <a href="/wiki/High_society_(social_class)" class="mw-redirect" title="High society (social class)">high society</a>, distinguished by their enormous incomes derived from their wealth in <a href="/wiki/Assets" class="mw-redirect" title="Assets">assets</a>. The upper-class lifestyle and values often overlap with that of the upper middle class, but with more emphasis on security and privacy in home life and for <a href="/wiki/Philanthropy" title="Philanthropy">philanthropy</a> (i.e. the "<a href="/wiki/Donor_Class" class="mw-redirect" title="Donor Class">Donor Class</a>") and <a href="/wiki/The_arts" title="The arts">the arts</a>. Due to their large wealth (inherited or accrued over a lifetime of investments) and lavish, leisurely lifestyles, the upper class are more prone to <a href="/wiki/Idleness" title="Idleness">idleness</a>. The upper middle class, or the "working rich",<sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> commonly identify education and being cultured as prime values, similar to the upper class. Persons in this particular <a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Social structure of the United States">social class</a> tend to speak in a more direct manner that projects authority, knowledge and thus credibility. They often tend to engage in the consumption of so-called mass luxuries, such as <a href="/wiki/Designer_label" title="Designer label">designer label</a> clothing. A strong preference for natural materials, organic foods, and a strong health consciousness tend to be prominent features of the upper middle class. <a href="/wiki/American_middle-class" class="mw-redirect" title="American middle-class">American middle-class</a> individuals in general value expanding one's horizon, partially because they are more educated and can afford greater leisure and travel. Working-class individuals take great pride in doing what they consider to be "real work" and keep very close-knit kin networks that serve as a safeguard against frequent economic instability.<sup id="cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_26-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated5_195-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated5-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Inner_Life_of_the_Middle_Class_196-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Inner_Life_of_the_Middle_Class-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Working-class Americans and many of those in the middle class may also face occupation alienation. In contrast to upper-middle-class professionals who are mostly hired to conceptualize, supervise, and share their thoughts, many Americans have little autonomy or creative latitude in the workplace.<sup id="cite_ref-Occupation_and_Class_Consciousness_in_America_197-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Occupation_and_Class_Consciousness_in_America-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, white collar professionals tend to be significantly more satisfied with their work.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated2_198-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated2-198"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>198<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated9_199-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated9-199"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>199<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Warren" title="Elizabeth Warren">Elizabeth Warren</a> presented her article entitled "The Middle Class on the Precipice", stating that individuals in the center of the income strata, who may still identify as middle class, have faced increasing economic insecurity,<sup id="cite_ref-200" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-200"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>200<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> supporting the idea of a working-class majority.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated3_201-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated3-201"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>201<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, working-class Americans who work in the public sector, excluding politicians, are respected and generally respected in the culture, notably postal workers.<sup id="cite_ref-202" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-202"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>202<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-203" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-203"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>203<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:5th_Avenue_9304.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/5th_Avenue_9304.JPG/170px-5th_Avenue_9304.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/5th_Avenue_9304.JPG/255px-5th_Avenue_9304.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/5th_Avenue_9304.JPG/340px-5th_Avenue_9304.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> is the most expensive shopping street in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-FifthAvenueMostExpensiveStreetOnEarth_204-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FifthAvenueMostExpensiveStreetOnEarth-204"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>204<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Political behavior is affected by class; more affluent individuals are more likely to vote, and education and income affect whether individuals tend to vote for the Democratic or Republican party. <a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_States" title="Income in the United States">Income</a> also had a significant impact on health as those with higher <a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_States" title="Income in the United States">incomes</a> had better access to health care facilities, higher <a href="/wiki/Life_expectancy" title="Life expectancy">life expectancy</a>, lower <a href="/wiki/Infant_mortality_rate" class="mw-redirect" title="Infant mortality rate">infant mortality rate</a> and increased health consciousness.<sup id="cite_ref-205" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-205"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>205<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-206" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-206"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>206<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-207" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-207"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>207<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is particularly noticeable with black voters who are often socially conservative, yet overwhelmingly vote Democratic.<sup id="cite_ref-208" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-208"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>208<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-209" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-209"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>209<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, occupation is one of the prime factors of <a href="/wiki/Social_structure_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Social structure of the United States">social class</a> and is closely linked to an individual's identity. The average workweek in the U.S. for those employed full-time was 42.9 hours long with 30% of the population working more than 40 hours a week.<sup id="cite_ref-U.S._Bureau_of_Labor,_hours_worked,_2005_210-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Bureau_of_Labor,_hours_worked,_2005-210"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>210<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Average American worker earned $16.64 an hour in the first two quarters of 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-U.S._Department_of_Labor,_employment_in_2006_211-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Department_of_Labor,_employment_in_2006-211"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>211<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall Americans worked more than their counterparts in other developed post-industrial nations. While the average worker in Denmark enjoyed 30 days of vacation annually, the average American had 16 annual vacation days.<sup id="cite_ref-International_vacation_comparison_212-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-International_vacation_comparison-212"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>212<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, the average American worked 1,978 hours per year, 500 hours more than the average German, yet 100 hours less than the average <a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech</a>. Overall, the U.S. labor force is one of the most productive in the world, largely due to its workers working more than those in any other post-industrial country, except for South Korea.<sup id="cite_ref-CNN,_work_in_American,_UN_report_finds_Americans_most_productive,_2002_213-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN,_work_in_American,_UN_report_finds_Americans_most_productive,_2002-213"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>213<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Americans generally hold working and being productive in high regard.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Inner_Life_of_the_Middle_Class_196-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Inner_Life_of_the_Middle_Class-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-214" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-214"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>214<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> having a strong <a href="/wiki/Work_ethic" title="Work ethic">work ethic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-215" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-215"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>215<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Competition_(economics)" title="Competition (economics)">competitiveness</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-216" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-216"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>216<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Altruism" title="Altruism">altruism</a><sup id="cite_ref-217" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-217"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>217<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-218" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-218"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>218<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-219" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-219"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>219<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> are among the most cited American values. According to a 2016 study by the <a href="/wiki/Charities_Aid_Foundation" title="Charities Aid Foundation">Charities Aid Foundation</a>, Americans donated 1.44% of total GDP to charity, the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_charitable_donation" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by charitable donation">highest</a> in the world by a large margin.<sup id="cite_ref-220" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-220"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>220<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race,_ancestry,_and_immigration"><span id="Race.2C_ancestry.2C_and_immigration"></span>Race, ancestry, and immigration</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race and ethnicity in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration to the United States</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/285px--Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="285" height="214" data-durationhint="147" data-mwtitle="Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Emigrants_(i.e._immigrants)_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="960" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1440" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="1440" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b3/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm/Emigrants_%28i.e._immigrants%29_landing_at_Ellis_Island_-.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Film by <a href="/wiki/Edison_Studios" title="Edison Studios">Edison Studios</a> showing immigrants at <a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_Harbor" title="New York Harbor">New York Harbor</a>, historically the major entry point for European <a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">immigration into the U.S.</a> in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-PriceBenton-Short2008_221-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PriceBenton-Short2008-221"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>221<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chinatown_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Chinatown_1.jpg/285px-Chinatown_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="285" height="190" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Chinatown_1.jpg/428px-Chinatown_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Chinatown_1.jpg/570px-Chinatown_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6566" data-file-height="4377" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chinatowns_in_Queens" title="Chinatowns in Queens">Chinatown, Flushing</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> has become the present-day global epicenter receiving <a href="/wiki/Chinese_emigration" title="Chinese emigration">Chinese immigration</a> as well as the international control center directing such migration, as Asian immigration has surpassed European immigration to the U.S. in the late 20th into the 21st century.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCPrimaryChineseDestination_222-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCPrimaryChineseDestination-222"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>222<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The United States has an <a href="/wiki/Ethnically_diverse" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnically diverse">ethnically diverse</a> population, and 37 ancestry groups have more than one million members.<sup id="cite_ref-An2000_223-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An2000-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">White Americans</a> with ancestry from Europe, the Middle East or North Africa, form the largest <a href="/wiki/Race_(human_categorization)" title="Race (human categorization)">racial</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnic group</a> at 57.8% of the U.S. population.<sup id="cite_ref-224" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-224"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>224<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-225" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-225"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>225<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic and Latino Americans</a> form the second-largest group and are 18.7% of the U.S. population. <a href="/wiki/African_Americans" title="African Americans">African Americans</a> constitute the nation's third-largest ancestry group and are 12.1% of the total U.S. population.<sup id="cite_ref-An2000_223-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An2000-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Asian_Americans" title="Asian Americans">Asian Americans</a> are the country's fourth-largest group, composing 5.9% of the U.S. population, while the country's 3.7 million <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> account for about 1%.<sup id="cite_ref-An2000_223-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-An2000-223"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>223<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020, the median age of the U.S. population was 38.5 years.<sup id="cite_ref-CIA-2018_226-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIA-2018-226"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>226<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, the U.S. has the highest <a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_by_immigrant_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories by immigrant population">number of immigrant population</a> in the world, with 50,661,149 people.<sup id="cite_ref-UNdef_227-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNdef-227"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>227<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-228" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-228"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>228<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2018, there were almost 90 million immigrants and <a href="/wiki/Second-generation_immigrants_in_the_United_States" title="Second-generation immigrants in the United States">U.S.-born children of immigrants</a> in the U.S., accounting for 28% of the overall U.S. population.<sup id="cite_ref-229" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-229"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>229<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, out of the U.S. foreign-born population, some 45% (20.7 million) were naturalized citizens, 27% (12.3 million) were lawful permanent residents, 6% (2.2 million) were temporary lawful residents, and 23% (10.5 million) were unauthorized immigrants.<sup id="cite_ref-KeyFindings_230-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KeyFindings-230"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>230<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. led the world in <a href="/wiki/Third_country_resettlement" title="Third country resettlement">refugee resettlement</a> for decades, admitting more refugees than the rest of the world combined.<sup id="cite_ref-PewRefugees_231-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PewRefugees-231"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>231<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Race in the U.S. is based on physical characteristics, such as skin color, and has played an essential part in shaping American society even before the nation's conception.<sup id="cite_ref-Society_in_Focus_26-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Society_in_Focus-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> of the 1960s, racial minorities in the U.S. faced <a href="/wiki/Institutional_discrimination" title="Institutional discrimination">institutional discrimination</a> and both social and economic marginalization.<sup id="cite_ref-The_African_American_Odyssey_232-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_African_American_Odyssey-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_Census_Bureau" title="United States Census Bureau">U.S. Census Bureau</a> currently recognizes five racial groupings: White, African, Native, Asian, and <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Islander_Americans" title="Pacific Islander Americans">Pacific Islander</a>. According to the U.S. government, Hispanic Americans do not constitute a race, but rather an ethnic group. During the <a href="/wiki/2000_United_States_census" title="2000 United States census">2000 U.S. census</a>, Whites made up 75.1% of the population; those who are Hispanic or Latino constituted the nation's prevalent minority with 12.5% of the population. African Americans made up 12.3% of the total population, 3.6% were Asian American, and 0.7% were Native American.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated6_233-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated6-233"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>233<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Race_Household_Income.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/US_Race_Household_Income.png/350px-US_Race_Household_Income.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8e/US_Race_Household_Income.png/525px-US_Race_Household_Income.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/8e/US_Race_Household_Income.png 2x" data-file-width="642" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Median household income along ethnic lines in the United States</figcaption></figure> <p>With its ratification on December 6, 1865, the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution</a> abolished slavery in the U.S. The Northern states had outlawed slavery in their territory in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, though their industrial economies relied on raw materials produced by slaves in the South. Following the Reconstruction period in the 1870s, racist legislation emerged in the Southern states named the <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> that provided for legal segregation. Lynching was practiced throughout the U.S., including in the Northern states, until the 1930s, while continuing well into the civil rights movement in the South.<sup id="cite_ref-The_African_American_Odyssey_232-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_African_American_Odyssey-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Americans" title="Chinese Americans">Chinese Americans</a> were earlier marginalized as well during a significant proportion of U.S. history. Between 1882 and 1943, the U.S. instituted the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion Act</a> barring all Chinese immigrants from entering the U.S. During the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>, roughly 120,000 <a href="/wiki/Japanese_Americans" title="Japanese Americans">Japanese Americans</a>, 62% of whom were U.S. citizens,<sup id="cite_ref-234" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-234"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>234<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> were imprisoned in <a href="/wiki/Internment_of_Japanese_Americans" title="Internment of Japanese Americans">Japanese internment camps</a> by the U.S. government following the <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor" title="Attack on Pearl Harbor">attack on Pearl Harbor</a>, an American military base, by Japanese forces in December 1941. </p><p>Due to exclusion from or marginalization by earlier mainstream society, there emerged a unique subculture among the racial minorities in the U.S. During the 1920s, <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> became home to the <a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a>. Music styles such as <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blues" title="Blues">blues</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop music">rap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_and_roll" title="Rock and roll">rock and roll</a>, and numerous folk songs such as <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Crack_Corn" title="Jimmy Crack Corn">Blue Tail Fly (Jimmy Crack Corn)</a> originated within the realms of African American culture and were later adopted by the mainstream.<sup id="cite_ref-The_African_American_Odyssey_232-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_African_American_Odyssey-232"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>232<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chinatowns_in_the_United_States" title="Chinatowns in the United States">Chinatowns</a> can be found in many cities across the country and Asian cuisine has become a common staple in mainstream America. The Hispanic community has also had a dramatic impact on American culture. Today, Catholics are the largest religious denomination in the U.S. and outnumber Protestants in the Southwest and California.<sup id="cite_ref-Religion_in_the_U.S._by_state_235-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Religion_in_the_U.S._by_state-235"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>235<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mariachi music and Mexican cuisine are commonly found throughout the Southwest, and some Latin dishes, such as burritos and tacos, are found practically everywhere in the nation. </p><p>Asian Americans have <a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">median household income</a> and <a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">educational attainment</a> exceeding that of other races. African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans have considerably lower <a href="/wiki/Income_in_the_United_States" title="Income in the United States">income</a> and education than do White Americans or Asian Americans.<sup id="cite_ref-U.S._Census_Bureau,_Income_newsbrief_2004_236-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Census_Bureau,_Income_newsbrief_2004-236"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>236<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-U.S._Census_Bureau,_educational_attainment_in_the_U.S.,_2003_237-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-U.S._Census_Bureau,_educational_attainment_in_the_U.S.,_2003-237"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>237<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Race_relations">Race relations</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">Racism in the United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Civil rights movement in popular culture">Civil rights movement in popular culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg/330px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg/495px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg/660px-Census-2000-Data-Top-US-Ancestries-by-County.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="593" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/plurality" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:plurality">plurality</a> ethnic background in each <a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">county in the U.S.</a> in 2000: <span style="background:#c3d9e7"><a href="/wiki/German_American" class="mw-redirect" title="German American">German</a></span> <span style="background:#ccafcd"><a href="/wiki/English_American" class="mw-redirect" title="English American">English</a></span> <span style="background:#dbe7b7"><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian American">Norwegian</a></span> <span style="background:#008c4d"><a href="/wiki/Dutch_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch American"><span style="color:white;">Dutch</span></a></span> <span style="background:#7bc296"><a href="/wiki/Finnish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish American"><span style="color:white;">Finnish</span></a></span> <span style="background:#9781b2"><a href="/wiki/Irish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish American"><span style="color:white;">Irish</span></a></span> <span style="background:#5ab3dd"><a href="/wiki/French_American" class="mw-redirect" title="French American"><span style="color:white;">French</span></a></span> <span style="background:#0072b1"><a href="/wiki/Italian_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Italian American"><span style="color:white;">Italian</span></a></span><span style="background:#f0aeba"><a href="/wiki/Mexican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Mexican American">Mexican</a></span> <span style="background:#f8ce7c"><a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native</a></span> <span style="background:#f1dfdd"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish American">Spanish</a></span> <span style="background:#f6f2c2"><a href="/wiki/American_ethnicity" class="mw-redirect" title="American ethnicity">American</a></span> <span style="background:#982d71"><a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American"><span style="color:white;">African American</span></a></span> <span style="background:#d93190"><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rican_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican American"><span style="color:white;">Puerto Rican</span></a></span></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/White_Americans" title="White Americans">White Americans</a> (<a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_whites" title="Non-Hispanic whites">non-Hispanic/Latino</a> and <a href="/wiki/White_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans" title="White Hispanic and Latino Americans">Hispanic/Latino</a>) are the racial majority and have a 72% share of the U.S. population, according to the 2010 U.S. census.<sup id="cite_ref-b02001_2008_238-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b02001_2008-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hispanic and Latino Americans comprise 15% of the population, making up the largest ethnic minority.<sup id="cite_ref-PEPT3race08_239-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPT3race08-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/African_American" class="mw-redirect" title="African American">Black Americans</a> are the largest racial minority, comprising nearly 13% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-b02001_2008_238-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b02001_2008-238"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>238<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PEPT3race08_239-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPT3race08-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Non-Hispanic_Whites" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Hispanic Whites">White, non-Hispanic or Latino population</a> comprises 63% of the nation's total.<sup id="cite_ref-PEPT3race08_239-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PEPT3race08-239"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>239<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Throughout most of the country's history before and after its independence, the majority race in the United States has been Caucasian—aided by historic restrictions on citizenship and immigration—and the largest racial minority has been African Americans, most of whom are descended from slaves <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">smuggled to the Americas</a> by the <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonial powers</a>. This relationship has historically been the most important one since the founding of the United States. Slavery existed in the United States at the time of the country's formation in the 1770s. The <a href="/wiki/Missouri_Compromise" title="Missouri Compromise">Missouri Compromise</a> declared a policy of prohibiting slavery in the remaining Louisiana lands north of the <a href="/wiki/Parallel_36%C2%B030%E2%80%B2_north" title="Parallel 36°30′ north">36°30′ parallel</a>. <i>De facto</i>, it sectionalized the country into two factions: free states, which forbid the institution of slavery; and slave states, which protected the institution. The Missouri Compromise was controversial, seen as lawfully dividing the country along sectarian lines. Although the federal government <a href="/wiki/Act_Prohibiting_Importation_of_Slaves" title="Act Prohibiting Importation of Slaves">outlawed</a> American participation in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a> in 1807, after 1820, cultivation of the highly profitable cotton crop exploded in the <a href="/wiki/Deep_South" title="Deep South">Deep South</a>, and along with it, the use of slave labor.<sup id="cite_ref-Cogliano2008_240-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cogliano2008-240"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>240<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-241" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-241"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>241<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-242" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-242"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>242<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening" title="Second Great Awakening">Second Great Awakening</a>, especially in the period 1800–1840, converted millions to <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism_in_the_United_States" title="Evangelicalism in the United States">evangelical</a> Protestantism. In the North, it energized multiple social reform movements, including <a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">abolitionism</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-Clark2012iu_243-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark2012iu-243"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>243<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the South, <a href="/wiki/History_of_Methodism_in_the_United_States" title="History of Methodism in the United States">Methodists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baptists_in_the_United_States" title="Baptists in the United States">Baptists</a> proselytized among slave populations.<sup id="cite_ref-244" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-244"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>244<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Slavery was partially abolished by the <a href="/wiki/Emancipation_Proclamation" title="Emancipation Proclamation">Emancipation Proclamation</a> issued by the president <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Lincoln" title="Abraham Lincoln">Abraham Lincoln</a> in 1862 for slaves in the Southeastern United States during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>. With the United States' victory and preservation, slavery was abolished nationally by the <a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">Thirteenth Amendment</a>. <a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a> prevented full use of African American citizenship until the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights movement</a> in the 1960s, and the <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Act_of_1964" title="Civil Rights Act of 1964">Civil Rights Act of 1964</a> outlawed official or legal segregation at any level and forbid placing limitations on minorities' access to public places. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:South_Central_Los_Angeles_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/South_Central_Los_Angeles_1.jpg/150px-South_Central_Los_Angeles_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/South_Central_Los_Angeles_1.jpg/225px-South_Central_Los_Angeles_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/South_Central_Los_Angeles_1.jpg/300px-South_Central_Los_Angeles_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>A street in <a href="/wiki/South_Central_Los_Angeles" class="mw-redirect" title="South Central Los Angeles">South Central Los Angeles</a>, the site of the <a href="/wiki/1992_Los_Angeles_riots" title="1992 Los Angeles riots">1992 race riots</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1882, in response to Chinese immigration due to the <a href="/wiki/California_Gold_Rush" class="mw-redirect" title="California Gold Rush">Gold Rush</a> and the labor needed for the transcontinental railroad, the government signed into law the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Exclusion_Act" title="Chinese Exclusion Act">Chinese Exclusion Act</a> which banned immigration by Chinese people into the U.S. In the late 19th century, the growth of the Hispanic population in the U.S., fueled largely by Mexican immigration, generated debate over policies such as English as the official language and reform to immigration policies. The <a href="/wiki/Immigration_Act_of_1924" title="Immigration Act of 1924">Immigration Act of 1924</a> established the National Origins Formula as the basis of U.S. immigration policy, largely to restrict immigration from <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_Europe" title="Southern Europe">Southern Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>. According to the <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Historian" title="Office of the Historian">Office of the Historian</a> of the U.S. Department of State, the purpose of the 1924 Act was "to preserve the ideal of U.S. homogeneity".<sup id="cite_ref-Milestones_245-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Milestones-245"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>245<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1924, Indian-born <a href="/wiki/Bhagat_Singh_Thind" title="Bhagat Singh Thind">Bhagat Singh Thind</a> was twice denied citizenship as he was not deemed white.<sup id="cite_ref-246" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-246"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>246<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Marking a radical break from U.S. immigration policies of the past, the <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Nationality_Act_of_1965" title="Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965">Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965</a> opened entry to the U.S. to non-Germanic groups.<sup id="cite_ref-Immigration_law_247-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Immigration_law-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This Act significantly altered the demographic mix in the U.S. as a result, creating a modern, diverse America.<sup id="cite_ref-Immigration_law_247-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Immigration_law-247"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>247<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A huge majority of Americans of all races disapprove of racism. Nevertheless, some Americans continue to hold negative racial/ethnic <a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_groups_within_the_United_States" title="Stereotypes of groups within the United States">stereotypes</a> about various racial and ethnic groups. Professor Imani Perry, of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, has argued that contemporary racism in the United States "is frequently unintentional or unacknowledged on the part of the actor",<sup id="cite_ref-248" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-248"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>248<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> believing that racism mostly stems unconsciously from below the level of cognition.<sup id="cite_ref-249" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-249"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>249<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transport">Transport</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation in the United States</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Automobiles_and_commuting">Automobiles and commuting</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Passenger_vehicles_in_the_United_States" title="Passenger vehicles in the United States">Passenger vehicles in the United States</a>, <a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving in the United States</a>, and <a href="/wiki/1950s_American_automobile_culture" title="1950s American automobile culture">1950s American automobile culture</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1965_Ford_Mustang_Fastback_(15595256971).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1965_Ford_Mustang_Fastback_%2815595256971%29.jpg/220px-1965_Ford_Mustang_Fastback_%2815595256971%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1965_Ford_Mustang_Fastback_%2815595256971%29.jpg/330px-1965_Ford_Mustang_Fastback_%2815595256971%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/1965_Ford_Mustang_Fastback_%2815595256971%29.jpg/440px-1965_Ford_Mustang_Fastback_%2815595256971%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>"<a href="/wiki/Pony_car" title="Pony car">Pony car</a>": 1965 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Mustang" title="Ford Mustang">Ford Mustang</a> "fastback", introduced in September 1964 for the 1965 model year</figcaption></figure> <p>Personal transportation is dominated by automobiles, which operate on a network of 4 million miles (6.4 million kilometers) of public roads, making it the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_road_network_size" title="List of countries by road network size">longest network</a> in the world.<sup id="cite_ref-250" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-250"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>250<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-251" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-251"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>251<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, 90% of Americans drove to work by car.<sup id="cite_ref-2001summary_252-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2001summary-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2022, the United States is the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_motor_vehicle_production" title="List of countries by motor vehicle production">second-largest</a> manufacturer of motor vehicles<sup id="cite_ref-253" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-253"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>253<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and is home to <a href="/wiki/Tesla,_Inc." title="Tesla, Inc.">Tesla</a>, the world's most valuable car company.<sup id="cite_ref-254" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-254"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>254<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a> held the title of the world's best-selling automaker from 1931 to 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-255" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-255"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>255<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, the U.S. has the world's second-largest automobile market by sales<sup id="cite_ref-256" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-256"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>256<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_vehicles_per_capita" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by vehicles per capita">highest</a> vehicle ownership per capita in the world, with 816.4 vehicles per 1,000 Americans (2014).<sup id="cite_ref-257" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-257"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>257<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, there were 255 million non-two wheel motor vehicles, or about 910 vehicles per 1,000 people.<sup id="cite_ref-USBTS_258-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USBTS-258"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>258<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning in the 1990s, lower energy and land costs favor the production of relatively <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">larger cars</a>, leading to a decline in <a href="/wiki/Economy_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Economy cars">economy cars</a>. The culture in the 1950s and 1960s often catered to the automobile with <a href="/wiki/Motel" title="Motel">motels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drive-in_restaurant" class="mw-redirect" title="Drive-in restaurant">drive-in restaurants</a>. Outside of the relatively few urban areas, it is considered a necessity for most Americans to own and drive cars. New York City is the only locality in the United States where more than half of all households do not own a car.<sup id="cite_ref-2001summary_252-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2001summary-252"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>252<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a car-dependent America, there is a common dislike of <a href="/wiki/Car_dealerships" class="mw-redirect" title="Car dealerships">car dealerships</a> and <a href="/wiki/Car_salesmen" class="mw-redirect" title="Car salesmen">car salesmen</a>, with only 10 percent of U.S. citizens in a <a href="/wiki/Gallup,_Inc." title="Gallup, Inc.">Gallup</a> poll rating them highly honest.<sup id="cite_ref-259" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-259"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>259<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Matilda_(novel)" title="Matilda (novel)">Matilda</a> by <a href="/wiki/Roald_Dahl" title="Roald Dahl">Roald Dahl</a> gives an example of this stereotype: <a href="/wiki/Matilda_(novel)#Dahl's_inspiration" title="Matilda (novel)">Matilda's father</a> sells <a href="/wiki/Used_car" title="Used car">used cars</a> by filling their engines with sawdust or reversing their <a href="/wiki/Odometer" title="Odometer">odometers</a> with a drill. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_street_scenes_-_Easter_on_5th_Avenue_LCCN93506588.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/New_York_City_street_scenes_-_Easter_on_5th_Avenue_LCCN93506588.jpg/220px-New_York_City_street_scenes_-_Easter_on_5th_Avenue_LCCN93506588.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/New_York_City_street_scenes_-_Easter_on_5th_Avenue_LCCN93506588.jpg/330px-New_York_City_street_scenes_-_Easter_on_5th_Avenue_LCCN93506588.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/New_York_City_street_scenes_-_Easter_on_5th_Avenue_LCCN93506588.jpg/440px-New_York_City_street_scenes_-_Easter_on_5th_Avenue_LCCN93506588.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4096" data-file-height="3282" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Automobiles</a> on the streets of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> in 1915</figcaption></figure> <p>The United States emerged as a pioneer of the <a href="/wiki/Automotive_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Automotive industry in the United States">automotive industry</a> in the early 20th century. <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors Corporation</a> (GM), the company that would soon become the world's largest automaker, was founded in 1908 by <a href="/wiki/William_C._Durant" title="William C. Durant">William Durant</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-260" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-260"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>260<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The U.S. also became the first country in the world to have a mass market for vehicle production and sales, and mass market production process.<sup id="cite_ref-261" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-261"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>261<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-262" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-262"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>262<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 1950s and 1960s, <a href="/wiki/Subcultures" class="mw-redirect" title="Subcultures">subcultures</a> began to arise around the modification and racing of American automobiles and converting them into <a href="/wiki/Hot_rods" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot rods">hot rods</a>. Later, in the late-1960s and early-1970s Detroit manufacturers began making <a href="/wiki/Muscle_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Muscle cars">muscle cars</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pony_cars" class="mw-redirect" title="Pony cars">pony cars</a> to cater to wealthier Americans seeking hot rod style & performance. This culture has evolved into a worldwide phenomenon for car enthusiasts of today, and the <a href="/wiki/Project_car" class="mw-redirect" title="Project car">project car</a> is a common sight in American suburbs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_institutions">Cultural institutions</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02a.jpg/220px-12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02a.jpg/330px-12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02a.jpg/440px-12072012_Smithsonian_Building_02a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1711" data-file-height="1609" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution_Building" title="Smithsonian Institution Building">Smithsonian Institution Building</a> was the first building of the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, a cultural institution in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> created by the US government "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge".<sup id="cite_ref-263" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-263"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>263<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Governmental_culture_institutions">Governmental culture institutions</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cultural_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Cultural policy of the United States">Cultural policy of the United States</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Landmark" title="National Historic Landmark">National Historic Landmark</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Sites_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Sites (United States)">National Historic Sites (United States)</a></div> <p>The United States government does not have a <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture" title="Ministry of Culture">ministry of culture</a>, but there are a number of government <a href="/wiki/Cultural_institution" title="Cultural institution">institutions with cultural responsibilities</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/President%27s_Committee_on_the_Arts_and_Humanities" title="President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities">President's Committee on the Arts and Humanities</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Communications_Commission" title="Federal Communications Commission">Federal Communications Commission</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">Corporation for Public Broadcasting</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Humanities" title="National Endowment for the Humanities">National Endowment for the Humanities</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Endowment_for_the_Arts" title="National Endowment for the Arts">National Endowment for the Arts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Museum_and_Library_Services" title="Institute of Museum and Library Services">Institute of Museum and Library Services</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Commission_of_Fine_Arts" title="United States Commission of Fine Arts">U.S. Commission of Fine Arts</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution" title="Smithsonian Institution">Smithsonian Institution</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/National_Gallery_of_Art" title="National Gallery of Art">National Gallery of Art</a>. </p><p>Many state and city governments have a department dedicated to cultural affairs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="National_Register_of_Historic_Places">National Register of Historic Places</h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_property_types" title="National Register of Historic Places property types">National Register of Historic Places property types</a> and <a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">Historic districts in the United States</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:168px;max-width:168px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bidwell_Mansion,_May_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bidwell_Mansion%2C_May_2021.jpg/166px-Bidwell_Mansion%2C_May_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="166" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bidwell_Mansion%2C_May_2021.jpg/249px-Bidwell_Mansion%2C_May_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Bidwell_Mansion%2C_May_2021.jpg/332px-Bidwell_Mansion%2C_May_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5856" data-file-height="3904" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:170px;max-width:170px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:110px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Creek_Bridge,_Oregon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cape_Creek_Bridge%2C_Oregon.jpg/168px-Cape_Creek_Bridge%2C_Oregon.jpg" decoding="async" width="168" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cape_Creek_Bridge%2C_Oregon.jpg/252px-Cape_Creek_Bridge%2C_Oregon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Cape_Creek_Bridge%2C_Oregon.jpg/336px-Cape_Creek_Bridge%2C_Oregon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5182" data-file-height="3404" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pikes_Peak_from_Garden_of_the_Gods.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pikes_Peak_from_Garden_of_the_Gods.JPG/167px-Pikes_Peak_from_Garden_of_the_Gods.JPG" decoding="async" width="167" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pikes_Peak_from_Garden_of_the_Gods.JPG/251px-Pikes_Peak_from_Garden_of_the_Gods.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Pikes_Peak_from_Garden_of_the_Gods.JPG/334px-Pikes_Peak_from_Garden_of_the_Gods.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:169px;max-width:169px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:111px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Washington_Statue_-_Capitol_Hill_Richmond_(VA)_2013_(8759158238).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/George_Washington_Statue_-_Capitol_Hill_Richmond_%28VA%29_2013_%288759158238%29.jpg/167px-George_Washington_Statue_-_Capitol_Hill_Richmond_%28VA%29_2013_%288759158238%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="167" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/George_Washington_Statue_-_Capitol_Hill_Richmond_%28VA%29_2013_%288759158238%29.jpg/251px-George_Washington_Statue_-_Capitol_Hill_Richmond_%28VA%29_2013_%288759158238%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/George_Washington_Statue_-_Capitol_Hill_Richmond_%28VA%29_2013_%288759158238%29.jpg/334px-George_Washington_Statue_-_Capitol_Hill_Richmond_%28VA%29_2013_%288759158238%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Clockwise from top: a <a href="/wiki/Bidwell_Mansion" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidwell Mansion">building</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cape_Creek_Bridge" title="Cape Creek Bridge">structure</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Washington_Monument" title="Virginia Washington Monument">object</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Pikes_Peak" title="Pikes Peak">site</a> – all are examples of <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">NRHP</a> property types.</div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a> (NRHP) is the <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_government" class="mw-redirect" title="United States federal government">United States federal government</a>'s official <a href="/wiki/United_States_National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings" title="United States National Register of Historic Places listings">list</a> of <a href="/wiki/Historic_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Historic districts in the United States">districts</a>, sites, buildings, structures, and objects deemed worthy of <a href="/wiki/Historic_preservation" title="Historic preservation">preservation</a> for their historical significance or "great artistic value." For most of its history, the National Register has been administered by the <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> (NPS), an agency within the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-governmental_culture_institutions">Non-governmental culture institutions</h3></div> <p>Major private US-based culture institutions include the <a href="/wiki/Poetry_Foundation" title="Poetry Foundation">Poetry Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Solomon_R._Guggenheim_Foundation" title="Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation">Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Trust" title="J. Paul Getty Trust">J. Paul Getty Trust</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Foundation</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums">Museums</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_United_States" title="List of museums in the United States">List of museums in the United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg/170px-Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg/255px-Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg/340px-Air_and_Space_Planes.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Aircraft on display at the <a href="/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum" title="National Air and Space Museum">National Air and Space Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, including a <a href="/wiki/Ford_Trimotor" title="Ford Trimotor">Ford Trimotor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-3" title="Douglas DC-3">Douglas DC-3</a> (top and second from top)</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United States, there are many <a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_the_United_States" title="List of museums in the United States">museums</a>, both public and private. Major museums in the US include the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Smithsonian_Institution#Museums" title="Smithsonian Institution">museums of the Smithsonian Institution</a>, the <a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Art_Institute_of_Chicago" title="Art Institute of Chicago">Art Institute of Chicago</a>, and <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">The Getty Museum</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archives">Archives</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_archives_in_the_United_States" title="List of archives in the United States">List of archives in the United States</a></div> <p>There are various archives in the United States for the preservation of history and culture, such as the <a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">National Archives and Records Administration</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950s_American_automobile_culture" title="1950s American automobile culture">1950s American automobile culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African-American_culture" title="African-American culture">African-American culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_studies" title="American studies">American studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanization" title="Americanization">Americanization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_North_America" title="Etiquette in North America">Etiquette in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philanthropy_in_the_United_States" title="Philanthropy in the United States">Philanthropy in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotypes_of_Americans" title="Stereotypes of Americans">Stereotypes of Americans</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isso.ucsf.edu/us-culture">"U.S. Culture"</a>. <i>International Students and Scholars Office</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+WVS+Cultural+Map+of+the+World&rft.pub=WVS&rft.aulast=Inglehart&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft.au=Welzel%2C+Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldvaluessurvey.org%2Fwvs%2Farticles%2Ffolder_published%2Farticle_base_54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNorris2023" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pippa_Norris" title="Pippa Norris">Norris, Pippa</a> (February 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00323217211037023">"Cancel Culture: Myth or Reality?"</a>. <i>Political Studies</i>. <b>71</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">145–</span>174. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F00323217211037023">10.1177/00323217211037023</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0032-3217">0032-3217</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:238647612">238647612</a>. <q>As predicted, in post-industrial societies, characterized by predominately liberal social cultures, like the US, Sweden, and UK...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Political+Studies&rft.atitle=Cancel+Culture%3A+Myth+or+Reality%3F&rft.volume=71&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E145-%3C%2Fspan%3E174&rft.date=2023-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A238647612%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0032-3217&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F00323217211037023&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Pippa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.sagepub.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1177%2F00323217211037023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2023" class="citation web cs1">Staff (December 6, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/WVSContents.jsp?CMSID=Findings">"WVS Database: Findings"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/World_Values_Survey" title="World Values Survey">World Values Survey</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 6,</span> 2023</span>. <q>These maps indicate that the United States is not a prototype of cultural modernization for other societies to follow, as some modernization writers assumed. In fact, the United States is a deviant case, having a much more traditional value system than any other postindustrial society except Ireland. On the traditional/secular dimension, the United States ranks far below other rich societies, with levels of religiosity and national pride comparable with those found in some developing societies. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Met+Gala+2023%3A+Fashion%27s+biggest+night+honors+Karl+Lagerfeld&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft.au=Ali+Bauman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Famp%2Fnewyork%2Fnews%2Fmet-gala-2023-red-carpet%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MetGalaFashion'sBiggestNight2_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glamour.com/story/met-gala-2024-how-to-watch">"Met Gala 2024: How to Watch Fashion's Biggest Night"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Glamour_(magazine)" title="Glamour (magazine)">Glamour</a>. 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April 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=US+drinking+more+now+than+just+before+Prohibition&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fpublic-health-health-statistics-health-us-news-ap-top-news-f1f81ade0748410aaeb6eeab7a772bf7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.drugabuse.gov/national-survey-drug-use-health">"National Survey of Drug Use and Health"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.salon.com/weekly/paglia960805.html">the original</a> on May 3, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 8,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon.com&rft.atitle=The+Italian+Way+of+Death&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2Fweekly%2Fpaglia960805.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuntingNylander1973" class="citation book cs1">Bunting, Bainbridge; Nylander, Robert H. (1973). <i>Old Cambridge</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 1,</span> 2023</span>. <q>William Boucher, Jr., the earliest known commercial manufacturer, started building banjos around 1845 from his shop in Baltimore, Maryland.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=balladofamerica.org&rft.atitle=Banjo%3A+A+Brief+History&rft.aulast=Sabatella&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fballadofamerica.org%2Fbanjo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/art/theatre-art">theatre-art</a> Retrieved 6 June 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RIAJ_Yearbook_2012-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RIAJ_Yearbook_2012_87-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riaj.or.jp/riaj/pdf/issue/industry/RIAJ2015E.pdf">"RIAJ Yearbook 2015: IFPI 2013, 2014 Report: 28. 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Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-648360-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-648360-7"><bdi>0-13-648360-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Panorama+of+American+Popular+Music&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1957&rft.isbn=0-13-648360-7&rft.au=Ewen%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpanoramaofameric00ewen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span> pg. 3 <i>Of all the contributions made by Americans to world culture—automation and the assembly line, advertising, innumerable devices and gadgets, skyscrapers, supersalesmen, baseball, ketchup, mustard and hot dogs and hamburrgers—one, undeniably native has been taken to heart by the entire world. 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Discussion-What is already known on this topic. <i>Journal of Public Health</i>. <b>29</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">114–</span>7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpubmed%2Ffdm009">10.1093/pubmed/fdm009</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17356123">17356123</a>. <q>[There] was evidence to suggest a statistically significant association between infant mortality and income inequality...this effect may have been because of the disproportionate influence of the USA which has 'exceptionally high income inequality and poor child health'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Income+inequality+and+child+mortality+in+wealthy+nations&rft.volume=29&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E114-%3C%2Fspan%3E7&rft.date=2007-06&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpubmed%2Ffdm009&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F17356123&rft.aulast=Collison&rft.aufirst=D.&rft.au=Dey%2C+C.&rft.au=Hannah%2C+G.&rft.au=Stevenson%2C+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fpubmed%252Ffdm009&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrenfreund2015" class="citation book cs1">Ehrenfreund, Max (September 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/09/how-income-affects-life-expectancy/"><i>How income affects life expectancy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Economic_Forum" title="World Economic Forum">World Economic Forum</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 19,</span> 2018</span>. <q>People with higher incomes live in areas with healthier resources available, like good grocery stores, safe housing, opportunities to exercise, clean air, and better schools.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Residents+of+one+Virginia+county+live+18+years+longer+than+people+just+350+miles+away+%E2%80%94+here%27s+why&rft.date=2015-04-14&rft.aulast=Kincaid&rft.aufirst=Ellie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fhow-income-affects-health-2015-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usnews.com/opinion/blogs/erbe/2008/11/07/blacks-are-more-socially-conservative-than-barack-obama">"Blacks Are More Socially Conservative Than Barack Obama – Bonnie Erbe"</a>. <i>Usnews.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=automotive+industry&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.aulast=Rae&rft.aufirst=John+Bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftechnology%2Fautomotive-industry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/automobiles">"Automobile History"</a>. <i>History.com</i>. August 21, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History.com&rft.atitle=Automobile+History&rft.date=2018-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Ftopics%2Finventions%2Fautomobiles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henson, P. M. (2021). Smithsonian Institution. In S. P. Holland (Ed.), <i>Encyclopedia of American studies</i>. Johns Hopkins University Press.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <ul><li>Twentieth Century American Culture Series from Edinburgh University Press <ul><li>Whalan, Mark. <i>American Culture in the 1910s</i> (2010)</li> <li>Currell, Susan. <i>American Culture in the 1920s</i> (2009)</li> <li>Eldridge, David. <i>American Culture in the 1930s</i> (2008)</li> <li>Foertsch, Jacqueline. <i>American Culture in the 1940s</i> (2008)</li> <li>Halliwell, Martin. <i>American Culture in the 1950s</i> (2007)</li> <li>Monteith, Sharon. <i>American Culture in the 1960s</i> (2008)</li> <li>Kaufman, Will. <i>American Culture in the 1970s</i> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=8vCqBgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PR1&dq=%22Twentieth+Century+American+Culture+Series%22&ots=7PGcdbyk6I&sig=nWTfo3rlZGsEpNcMUoehNtQpLBQ">online</a></li> <li>Thompson, Graham.. <i>American Culture in the 1980s</i> (2007)</li> <li>Harrison, Colin. <i>American Culture in the 1990s</i> (2010)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander1980" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, Charles C. (1980). <i>Here the Country Lies: Nationalism and the Arts in Twentieth-Century America</i>. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780253155443" title="Special:BookSources/9780253155443"><bdi>9780253155443</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Here+the+Country+Lies%3A+Nationalism+and+the+Arts+in+Twentieth-Century+America&rft.place=Bloomington&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=9780253155443&rft.aulast=Alexander&rft.aufirst=Charles+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Borus, Daniel H. <i>Twentieth-century multiplicity: American thought and culture, 1900-1920</i> (Rowman & Littlefield, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=R1KembViJNQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Twentieth+Century+American+Culture+Series&ots=A_0S56qFcT&sig=NwlyQueI7u6GnskwVk7Pqc6LkE4">online</a></li> <li>Bradley, Patricia. <i>Making American Culture: A Social History, 1900-1920</i> (2009)</li> <li>Campbell, Neil, and Alasdair Kean. <i>American cultural studies: An introduction to American culture</i> (Routledge, 2016).</li> <li>Coffin, Tristam P.; Cohen, Hennig, (editors), <i>Folklore in America; tales, songs, superstitions, proverbs, riddles, games, folk drama and folk festivals</i>, Garden City, N.Y. : Doubleday, 1966. Selections from the <i>Journal of American folklore</i>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrunden1996" class="citation book cs1">Crunden, Robert Morse (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D_7TyPoR1YgC"><i>A Brief History of American Culture</i></a>. M.E. Sharpe. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781563248658" title="Special:BookSources/9781563248658"><bdi>9781563248658</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+American+Culture&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9781563248658&rft.aulast=Crunden&rft.aufirst=Robert+Morse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DD_7TyPoR1YgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Kammen, Michael. <i>American culture, American tastes: Social change and the 20th century</i> (Knopf, 2012).</li> <li>Livingston, James. <i>The world turned inside out: American thought and culture at the end of the 20th century</i> (Rowman & Littlefield, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zHHj88bw_jkC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=Twentieth+Century+American+Culture+Series&ots=DiVRdS4UxE&sig=jY_kD1a8jxmjZpv_UK3DesIADQc">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarcus2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Greil_Marcus" title="Greil Marcus">Marcus, Greil</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iALd6WoGtPEC"><i>The Shape of Things to Come: Prophecy and the American Voice</i></a>. Macmillan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42642-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-42642-2"><bdi>978-0-312-42642-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shape+of+Things+to+Come%3A+Prophecy+and+the+American+Voice&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-312-42642-2&rft.aulast=Marcus&rft.aufirst=Greil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiALd6WoGtPEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACulture+of+the+United+States" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Rowe, John Carlos, ed. <i>A Concise Companion to American Studies</i> (Blackwell, 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Shelley-Streeby/publication/228030375_Popular_Mass_and_High_Culture/links/60ee2b670859317dbdde51af/Popular-Mass-and-High-Culture.pdf#page=77">pnline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Ruppel_Shell" title="Ellen Ruppel Shell">Shell, Ellen Ruppel</a> (2009). <i>Cheap: The High Cost of Discount Culture</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Penguin_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Penguin Press">Penguin Press</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-215-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59420-215-5">978-1-59420-215-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Swirski" title="Peter Swirski">Swirski, Peter</a> (2010). <i>Ars Americana Ars Politica: Partisan Expression in Contemporary American Literature and Culture</i>. Montreal, London: McGill-Queen's University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3766-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7735-3766-8">978-0-7735-3766-8</a>.</li> <li>Wilson, Charles Reagan, et al. <i>Encyclopedia of Southern Culture</i> (2nd edition, University of North Carolina Press, 1989), 1656 pp.</li> <li>Woodard, Colin, et al. eds. <i>American Nations: A History of the Eleven Rival Regional Cultures of North America</i>(Viking, 2011).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Rights">Bill of Rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Era" title="Federalist Era">Federalist Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_of_1812" title="War of 1812">War of 1812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territorial_evolution_of_the_United_States" title="Territorial evolution of the United States">Territorial evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican%E2%80%93American_War" title="Mexican–American War">Mexican–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Indian_Wars" title="American Indian Wars">Indian Wars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States" title="Native American genocide in the United States">Native genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilded_Age" title="Gilded Age">Gilded Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_Era" title="Progressive Era">Progressive Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_suffrage_in_the_United_States" title="Women's suffrage in the United States">Women's suffrage</a></li> <li>Civil rights movement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1865%E2%80%931896)" title="Civil rights movement (1865–1896)">1865–1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement_(1896%E2%80%931954)" title="Civil rights movement (1896–1954)">1896–1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">1954–1968</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_imperialism" class="mw-redirect" title="American imperialism">Imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roaring_Twenties" title="Roaring Twenties">Roaring Twenties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States_during_World_War_II" title="Military history of the United States during World War II">World War II</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_home_front_during_World_War_II" title="United States home front during World War II">home front</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Century" title="American Century">American Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_War" title="Korean War">Korean War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Race" title="Space Race">Space Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second-wave_feminism" title="Second-wave feminism">Feminist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_liberation" title="Gay liberation">LGBT Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_(1991%E2%80%932008)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the United States (1991–2008)">Post-Cold War (1991–2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11_attacks" title="September 11 attacks">September 11 attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_terror" title="War on terror">War on Terror</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_States" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the United States">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">By topic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_history_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the history of the United States">Outline of U.S. history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Demographic history of the United States">Demographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_discoveries" title="Timeline of United States discoveries">Discoveries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_United_States" title="Economic history of the United States">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_United_States_inventions" title="Timeline of United States inventions">Inventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_the_United_States" title="Military history of the United States">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_United_States" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the United States">Postal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_and_industrial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Technological and industrial history of the United States">Technological and industrial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_United_States" title="Geography of the United States">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._territorial_sovereignty" title="U.S. territorial sovereignty">Territory</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Contiguous_United_States" title="Contiguous United States">Contiguous United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">counties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">federal district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_enclave" title="Federal enclave">federal enclaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">insular zones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Minor_Outlying_Islands" title="United States Minor Outlying Islands">minor outlying islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_populated_places_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of populated places in the United States">populated places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_the_United_States" title="List of earthquakes in the United States">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_the_United_States" title="List of extreme points of the United States">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_the_United_States" title="List of islands of the United States">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountains of the United States">Mountains</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_peaks_of_the_United_States" title="List of mountain peaks of the United States">peaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountain_ranges#United_States" title="List of mountain ranges">ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Mountains" title="Appalachian Mountains">Appalachian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountains" title="Rocky Mountains">Rocky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_areas_in_the_United_States_National_Park_System" title="List of areas in the United States National Park System">National Parks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">Regions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="East Coast of the United States">East Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Plains" title="Great Plains">Great Plains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="Gulf Coast of the United States">Gulf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_(United_States)" title="Mid-Atlantic (United States)">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">Midwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_of_the_United_States" title="West Coast of the United States">Pacific</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_United_States" title="Central United States">Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_United_States" title="Eastern United States">Eastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_United_States" title="Northern United States">Northern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">Northeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwestern_United_States" title="Northwestern United States">Northwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_United_States" title="Southern United States">Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_United_States" title="Southeastern United States">Southeastern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States" title="Western United States">Western</a></li></ul></li> <li>Longest <a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_the_United_States" title="List of rivers of the United States">rivers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arkansas_River" title="Arkansas River">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_River" title="Colorado River">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_River" title="Columbia River">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_River" title="Mississippi River">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Missouri_River" title="Missouri River">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_River_of_the_South" title="Red River of the South">Red (South)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rio_Grande" title="Rio Grande">Rio Grande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukon_River" title="Yukon River">Yukon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_the_United_States" title="Time in the United States">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_the_United_States" title="Water supply and sanitation in the United States">Water supply and sanitation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_United_States" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the United States">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">Federal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Executive</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Powers_of_the_president_of_the_United_States" title="Powers of the president of the United States">powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Office_of_the_President_of_the_United_States" title="Executive Office of the President of the United States">Executive Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_United_States" title="Cabinet of the United States">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_executive_departments" title="United States federal executive departments">Executive departments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">Independent agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Intelligence_Community" title="United States Intelligence Community">Intelligence Community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence" title="Director of National Intelligence">Director of National Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Security_Agency" title="National Security Agency">National Security Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Reconnaissance_Office" title="National Reconnaissance Office">National Reconnaissance Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_law_enforcement_in_the_United_States" title="Federal law enforcement in the United States">Law enforcement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Alcohol,_Tobacco,_Firearms_and_Explosives" title="Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives">ATF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection" title="U.S. Customs and Border Protection">CBP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Diplomatic_Security" title="Bureau of Diplomatic Security">Diplomatic Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration" title="Drug Enforcement Administration">DEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marshals_Service" title="United States Marshals Service">Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Secret_Service" title="United States Secret Service">Secret Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Security_Administration" title="Transportation Security Administration">TSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Inspector_General_(United_States)" title="Office of Inspector General (United States)">Inspector generals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_civil_service" title="United States federal civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Public policy of the United States">Public policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">current members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States#President_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Capitol Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congressional Budget Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Government Accountability Office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Publishing Office</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Federal_judiciary_of_the_United_States" title="Federal judiciary of the United States">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_United_States" title="Chief Justice of the United States">Chief Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associate_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States">Associate Justices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="List of justices of the Supreme Court of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_courts_of_appeals" title="United States courts of appeals">Courts of appeals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_circuit_judges" title="List of current United States circuit judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_district_court" title="United States district court">District courts</a>/<a href="/wiki/United_States_territorial_court" title="United States territorial court">Territorial courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_district_and_territorial_courts" title="List of United States district and territorial courts">list of courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_district_judges" title="List of current United States district judges">list of judges</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_tribunals_in_the_United_States" title="Federal tribunals in the United States">Other tribunals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Attorney" title="United States Attorney">U.S. attorney</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_the_United_States" title="Law of the United States">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights" title="United States Bill of Rights">Bill of Rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_liberties_in_the_United_States" title="Civil liberties in the United States">civil liberties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Code of Federal Regulations">Code of Federal Regulations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Constitution of the United States">Constitution</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_preemption" title="Federal preemption">preemption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Separation of powers under the United States Constitution">separation of powers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Uniformed_services_of_the_United_States" title="Uniformed services of the United States">Uniformed</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Armed_Forces" title="United States Armed Forces">Armed Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">Marine Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Force" title="United States Air Force">Air Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Space_Force" title="United States Space Force">Space Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">Coast Guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NOAA_Commissioned_Officer_Corps" title="NOAA Commissioned Officer Corps">NOAA Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Public_Health_Service_Commissioned_Corps" title="United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps">Public Health Service Corps</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_governments_of_the_United_States" title="State governments of the United States">State</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_District_of_Columbia" title="Government of the District of Columbia">Federal District</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Territories_of_the_United_States" title="Territories of the United States">Territorial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_constitutional_officer" title="State constitutional officer">Executive</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Governor_(United_States)" title="Governor (United States)">Governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_governors" title="List of current United States governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_governor_(United_States)" title="Lieutenant governor (United States)">Lieutenant governor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_lieutenant_governors" title="List of current United States lieutenant governors">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_state_(U.S._state_government)" title="Secretary of state (U.S. state government)">Secretary of state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_attorney_general" title="State attorney general">Attorney general</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_treasurer" title="State treasurer">Treasurer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_auditor" title="State auditor">Auditor/Comptroller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_commissioner" title="Agriculture commissioner">Agriculture commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_commissioner" title="Insurance commissioner">Insurance commissioner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_utilities_commission" title="Public utilities commission">Public utilities commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_police_(United_States)" title="State police (United States)">State police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_and_local_law_enforcement_agencies" title="List of United States state and local law enforcement agencies">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_legislature_(United_States)" title="State legislature (United States)">Legislative</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_state_legislatures" title="List of United States state legislatures">List of legislatures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_legislators" title="List of U.S. state legislators">List of legislators</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_court_(United_States)" title="State court (United States)">Judicial</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_supreme_court" title="State supreme court">Supreme courts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_chief_justices" title="List of state chief justices">Chief justices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/District_attorney" title="District attorney">District attorney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_district_attorneys_by_county" class="mw-redirect" title="List of district attorneys by county">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/State_law_(United_States)" title="State law (United States)">Law</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_constitutions_in_the_United_States" title="State constitutions in the United States">State constitutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._state_statutory_codes" title="List of U.S. state statutory codes">Statutory codes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uniform_act" title="Uniform act">Uniform act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_U.S._state_and_territory_governments" title="Comparison of U.S. state and territory governments">Comparison of governments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_(Native_American)" title="Tribe (Native American)">Tribal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tribal_sovereignty_in_the_United_States" title="Tribal sovereignty in the United States">Tribal sovereignty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_recognition_in_the_United_States" title="Native American recognition in the United States">Native American recognition in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federally_recognized_tribes_in_the_contiguous_United_States" title="List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States">Federally recognized tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Alaska_Native_tribal_entities" title="List of Alaska Native tribal entities">Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State-recognized_tribes_in_the_United_States" title="State-recognized tribes in the United States">State-recognized tribes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_reservation" title="Indian reservation">Indian reservation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_reservations_in_the_United_States" title="List of Indian reservations in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_home_land" title="Hawaiian home land">Hawaiian home land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_the_United_States" title="Local government in the United States">Local</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/County_(United_States)" title="County (United States)">County</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_counties_and_county_equivalents" title="List of United States counties and county equivalents">List of counties and county equivalents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_executive" title="County executive">County executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheriffs_in_the_United_States" title="Sheriffs in the United States">Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_clerk" title="Municipal clerk">Clerk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Cities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consolidated_city-county" title="Consolidated city-county">Consolidated city-county</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_city_(United_States)" title="Independent city (United States)">Independent city</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coterminous_municipality" title="Coterminous municipality">Coterminous municipality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_charter#United_States" title="Municipal charter">Charter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor%E2%80%93council_government" title="Mayor–council government">Mayor–council government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council%E2%80%93manager_government" title="Council–manager government">Council–manager government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_commission_government" title="City commission government">City commission government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayoralty_in_the_United_States" title="Mayoralty in the United States">Mayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">City manager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_council#United_States" title="Municipal council">City council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Minor_civil_division" title="Minor civil division">Minor divisions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_township" title="Civil township">Township</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_meeting" title="Town meeting">Town meeting</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Special_district_(United_States)" title="Special district (United States)">Special district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/School_district" title="School district">School district</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_school_districts_in_the_United_States" title="Lists of school districts in the United States">list</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_the_United_States" title="Corruption in the United States">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_the_United_States" title="Elections in the United States">Elections</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Electoral_College" title="United States Electoral College">Electoral College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">Red states and blue states</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign relations of the United States">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">foreign policy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_presidency" title="Imperial presidency">Imperial presidency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Ideologies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Americanism" title="Anti-Americanism">Anti-Americanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">nationalism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_party_(U.S._politics)" title="Third party (U.S. politics)">Third parties</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_political_scandals_in_the_United_States" title="List of federal political scandals in the United States">Scandals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States_by_sector" title="Economy of the United States by sector">By sector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_the_United_States" title="Agriculture in the United States">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banking_in_the_United_States" title="Banking in the United States">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_the_United_States" title="Communications in the United States">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_the_United_States" title="Energy in the United States">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Insurance in the United States">Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_the_United_States" title="Manufacturing in the United States">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_the_United_States" title="Mining in the United States">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_the_United_States" title="Science and technology in the United States">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_the_United_States" title="Tourism in the United States">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_trade_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign trade of the United States">Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="List of companies of the United States by state">by state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_exports_of_the_United_States" title="List of exports of the United States">Exports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">Federal budget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions_by_the_United_States" title="Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States">Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Reserve" title="Federal Reserve">Federal Reserve System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_position_of_the_United_States" title="Financial position of the United States">Financial position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">Labor unions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">Public debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_programs_in_the_United_States" title="Social programs in the United States">Social welfare programs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">Taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_in_the_United_States" title="Unemployment in the United States">Unemployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Transport in the United States">Transport</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation_in_the_United_States" title="Aviation in the United States">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_in_the_United_States" title="Driving in the United States">Driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Public transportation in the United States">Public transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Rail transportation in the United States">Rail transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Transportation policy of the United States">Transportation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation safety in the United States">Transportation safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trucking_industry_in_the_United_States" title="Trucking industry in the United States">Trucking industry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_the_United_States" title="Category:Society of the United States">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americana_(culture)" title="Americana (culture)">Americana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_the_United_States" title="Architecture in the United States">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_cuisine" title="American cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dance_in_the_United_States" title="Dance in the United States">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_the_United_States" title="Demographics of the United States">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_United_States" title="Economy of the United States">Economic issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eviction_in_the_United_States" title="Eviction in the United States">eviction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">standard of living</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Working_class_in_the_United_States" title="Working class in the United States">working class</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_the_United_States" title="Education in the United States">Education</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_States" title="Literacy in the United States">literacy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_in_the_United_States" title="Family in the United States">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_in_the_United_States" title="Fashion in the United States">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_United_States" title="Flag of the United States">Flag</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_flags_of_the_United_States" title="List of flags of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folklore_of_the_United_States" title="Folklore of the United States">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Public holidays in the United States">Holidays</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Federal_holidays_in_the_United_States" title="Federal holidays in the United States">Federal holidays</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_the_United_States" title="Housing in the United States">Housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_the_United_States" title="Languages of the United States">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">American English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Indigenous languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_literature" title="American literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_the_United_States" title="Mass media in the United States">Media</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_journalism" title="History of American journalism">journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_in_the_United_States" title="Internet in the United States">internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_American_newspapers" title="History of American newspapers">newspapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_in_the_United_States" title="Radio in the United States">radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_the_United_States" title="Television in the United States">television</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_United_States" title="Music of the United States">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_in_the_United_States" title="Naming in the United States">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Star-Spangled_Banner" title="The Star-Spangled Banner">National anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_the_United_States" title="National symbols of the United States">National symbols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_(personification)" title="Columbia (personification)">Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore" title="Mount Rushmore">Mount Rushmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Liberty" title="Statue of Liberty">Statue of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncle_Sam" title="Uncle Sam">Uncle Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans" title="Americans">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_philosophy" title="American philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_ideologies_in_the_United_States" title="Political ideologies in the United States">Political ideologies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States" title="Race and ethnicity in the United States">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_United_States" title="Religion in the United States">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_the_United_States" title="Sexuality in the United States">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_the_United_States" title="Society of the United States">Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_the_United_States" title="Sports in the United States">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_sports_in_the_United_States" title="History of sports in the United States">history</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theater_in_the_United_States" title="Theater in the United States">Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_the_United_States" title="Transportation in the United States">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_the_United_States" title="Video games in the United States">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_art_of_the_United_States" title="Visual art of the United States">Visual art</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Social_class_in_the_United_States" title="Social class in the United States">Social class</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affluence_in_the_United_States" title="Affluence in the United States">Affluence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Dream" title="American Dream">American Dream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_attainment_in_the_United_States" title="Educational attainment in the United States">Educational attainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States" title="Homelessness in the United States">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeownership_in_the_United_States" title="Homeownership in the United States">Homeownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Household_income_in_the_United_States" title="Household income in the United States">Household income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_the_United_States" title="Income inequality in the United States">Income inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_middle_class" title="American middle class">Middle class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_income_in_the_United_States" title="Personal income in the United States">Personal income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty in the United States">Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_of_living_in_the_United_States" title="Standard of living in the United States">Standard of living</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Health_in_the_United_States" title="Health in the United States">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aging_of_the_United_States" title="Aging of the United States">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare in the United States">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birth_control_in_the_United_States" title="Birth control in the United States">Birth control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prenatal_care_in_the_United_States" title="Prenatal care in the United States">Prenatal care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospice_care_in_the_United_States" title="Hospice care in the United States">Hospice care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigrant_health_care_in_the_United_States" title="Immigrant health care in the United States">Immigrant health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_rationing_in_the_United_States" title="Healthcare rationing in the United States">Rationing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_finance_in_the_United_States" title="Health care finance in the United States">Health care finance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_costs_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance costs in the United States">Health insurance costs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_care_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Health care prices in the United States">Health care prices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prescription_drug_prices_in_the_United_States" title="Prescription drug prices in the United States">Prescription drug prices</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disability_in_the_United_States" title="Disability in the United States">Disability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance_in_the_United_States" title="Health insurance in the United States">Health insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_safety_in_the_United_States" title="Food safety in the United States">Food safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physician_shortage_in_the_United_States" title="Physician shortage in the United States">Physician shortage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poverty_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Poverty and health in the United States">Poverty and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_health_in_the_United_States" title="Race and health in the United States">Race and health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obesity_in_the_United_States" title="Obesity in the United States">Obesity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_deserts_in_the_United_States" title="Medical deserts in the United States">Medical deserts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_reproductive_health_in_the_United_States" title="Women's reproductive health in the United States">Women's reproductive health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_life_expectancy" title="List of U.S. states and territories by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States" title="Capital punishment in the United States">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_the_United_States" title="Crime in the United States">Crime</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarceration_in_the_United_States" title="Incarceration in the United States">incarceration</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_the_United_States_government" title="Criticism of the United States government">Criticism of government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discrimination_in_the_United_States" title="Discrimination in the United States">Discrimination</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States" title="Affirmative action in the United States">affirmative action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_United_States" title="Antisemitism in the United States">antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intersex_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Intersex rights in the United States">intersex rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Islamophobia in the United States">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in the United States">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_the_United_States" title="Racism in the United States">racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Racism against Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_African_Americans" title="Racism against African Americans">African American</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Energy policy of the United States">Energy policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental issues in the United States">Environmental issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Environmental movement in the United States">Environmental movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_United_States" title="Climate change in the United States">Climate change</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">Mass shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunger_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunger in the United States">Hunger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_in_the_United_States" title="Tobacco in the United States">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_United_States" title="Human rights in the United States">Human rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Immigration to the United States">Immigration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">illegal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_security_of_the_United_States" title="National security of the United States">National security</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terrorism_in_the_United_States" title="Terrorism in the United States">Terrorism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opioid_epidemic_in_the_United_States" title="Opioid epidemic in the United States">Opioid epidemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States" title="Separation of church and state in the United States">Separation of church and state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia_in_the_United_States" title="Xenophobia in the United States">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;;font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_the_United_States" title="Outline of the United States">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States" title="Category:United States">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Culture_of_the_United_States_by_locale210" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="Template:Culture of the United States by state"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="Template talk:Culture of the United States by state"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_the_United_States_by_state" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of the United States by state"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Culture_of_the_United_States_by_locale210" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Culture of the United States</a> by locale</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> by <a href="/wiki/City" title="City">city</a> or<br /><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Culture of Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown, Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Atlanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Baltimore" title="Culture of Baltimore">Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Boston" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Chicago" title="Culture of Chicago">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cincinnati" title="Culture of Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Columbus,_Ohio" title="Culture of Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Dallas" title="Culture of Dallas">Dallas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Detroit" title="Culture of Detroit">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_El_Paso" title="Culture of El Paso">El Paso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Houston" title="Culture of Houston">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Jacksonville" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Jacksonville">Jacksonville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Las_Vegas" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Las Vegas">Las Vegas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Los_Angeles" title="Culture of Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Miami" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Miami">Miami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Orleans" title="Culture of New Orleans">New Orleans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_City" title="Culture of New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Brooklyn" title="Culture of Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Omaha,_Nebraska" title="Culture of Omaha, Nebraska">Omaha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Philadelphia" title="Culture of Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pittsburgh" title="Culture of Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Antonio" title="Culture of San Antonio">San Antonio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Diego" title="Culture of San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_San_Francisco" title="Culture of San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_St._Louis" title="Culture of St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_in_Seattle" title="Arts in Seattle">Seattle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_St._Louis" title="Culture of St. Louis">St. Louis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Virginia_Beach" title="Culture in Virginia Beach">Virginia Beach</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> by <a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">state</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Alabama" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Alaska" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Arizona" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Arkansas" title="Culture of Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_California" title="Culture of California">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Colorado" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Connecticut" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Delaware" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Florida" title="Culture of Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Culture of Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Hawaii" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Idaho" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Illinois">Illinois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Indiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Iowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kansas" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Kentucky" title="Culture of Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Louisiana" title="Culture of Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Maine" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Michigan" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Minnesota" title="Culture of Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mississippi" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Missouri" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Montana" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nebraska" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Nevada" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Hampshire" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Jersey" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_Mexico" title="Culture of New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_York_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of New York (state)">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Carolina" title="Culture of North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_North_Dakota" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Ohio">Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Oklahoma" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Oregon" title="Culture of Oregon">Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Rhode_Island" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Carolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_South_Dakota" title="Culture of South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Tennessee" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Texas" title="Culture of Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Utah" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Vermont" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Virginia" title="Culture of Virginia">Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Washington_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Washington (state)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_West_Virginia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wyoming" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">Culture</a> by <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_the_United_States" title="List of regions of the United States">region</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Mid-Atlantic" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Mid-Atlantic">Mid-Atlantic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Midwest" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of the Midwest">Midwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_New_England" title="Culture of New England">New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_the_Southern_United_States" title="Culture of the Southern United States">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_United_States#Culture" title="Western United States">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Federal_district" title="Federal district">Federal district</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Washington,_D.C." title="Culture of Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox506" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1044835#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85140527">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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