CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Custom car - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"90c7f3d6-16bb-4f31-815c-7e41eee070df","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Custom_car","wgTitle":"Custom car","wgCurRevisionId":1262166515,"wgRevisionId":1262166515,"wgArticleId":2076863,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)","Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2024","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from September 2023","Articles with permanently dead external links","Articles needing additional references from July 2008","All articles needing additional references","Articles that may contain original research from February 2019", "All articles that may contain original research","Articles with multiple maintenance issues","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Modified vehicles","Automotive technologies","DIY culture","Automotive styling features","Visual arts media"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Custom_car","wgRelevantArticleId":2076863,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true}, "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1146195","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.gallery","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.6"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NHRA_Museum.jpg/1200px-NHRA_Museum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NHRA_Museum.jpg/800px-NHRA_Museum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NHRA_Museum.jpg/640px-NHRA_Museum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Custom car - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custom_car"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custom_car"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Custom_car rootpage-Custom_car skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Custom+car" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Custom+car" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Custom+car" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Custom+car" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Styles_of_modification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Styles_of_modification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Styles of modification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Styles_of_modification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Features" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Features"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Features</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Features-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Features subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Features-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Paint" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paint"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Paint</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paint-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engine_swaps" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engine_swaps"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Engine swaps</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engine_swaps-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suspension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suspension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Suspension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suspension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Customizers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Customizers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Customizers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Customizers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_customs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_customs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notable customs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_customs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Custom car</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custom_Car" title="Custom Car – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Custom Car" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coche_personalizado" title="Coche personalizado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Coche personalizado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%B3%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C" title="خودروی سفارشی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خودروی سفارشی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%9C%EC%A1%B0%EC%B0%A8" title="개조차 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="개조차" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E9%80%A0%E8%BB%8A" title="改造車 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="改造車" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custom" title="Custom – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Custom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%96%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%95%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87" title="รถแต่ง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รถแต่ง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99_xe_%C3%B4_t%C3%B4" title="Độ xe ô tô – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Độ xe ô tô" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%B9%E8%A3%85%E8%BD%A6" title="改装车 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="改装车" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1146195#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Custom_car" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Custom_car"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Custom_car"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Custom_car" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Custom_car" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&oldid=1262166515" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Custom_car&id=1262166515&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlQ%C4%B1sald%C4%B1c%C4%B1s%C4%B1&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCustom_car"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrKodu&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCustom_car"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Custom_car&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Custom_cars" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1146195" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Modified car" redirects here. For the American oval track automobile series, see <a href="/wiki/Modified_racing" title="Modified racing">modified racing</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248332772">.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text{width:95%;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-content{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox{border:none;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:transparent;margin:0 0 0 1.6em!important;padding:0!important;width:auto;display:block}body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox.mbox-small-left{font-size:100%;width:auto;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-text-span{display:list-item;line-height:1.5em;list-style-type:disc}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .multiple-issues-text>.mw-collapsible-toggle,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-image,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-imageright,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .ambox .mbox-empty-cell,.mw-parser-output .compact-ambox .hide-when-compact{display:none}</style><table class="box-Multiple_issues plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-multiple_issues compact-ambox" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><div class="multiple-issues-text mw-collapsible"><b>This article has multiple issues.</b> Please help <b><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Custom_car" title="Special:EditPage/Custom car">improve it</a></b> or discuss these issues on the <b><a href="/wiki/Talk:Custom_car" title="Talk:Custom car">talk page</a></b>. <small><i>(<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove these messages</a>)</i></small> <div class="mw-collapsible-content"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Custom_car" title="Special:EditPage/Custom car">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Custom+car%22">"Custom car"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Custom+car%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Custom+car%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Custom+car%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Custom+car%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Custom+car%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2008</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Original_research plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Original_research" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>possibly contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">original research</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit">improve it</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verifying</a> the claims made and adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Inline_citations" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">inline citations</a>. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Passenger vehicle that has been substantially altered in its appearance</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NHRA_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NHRA_Museum.jpg/220px-NHRA_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NHRA_Museum.jpg/330px-NHRA_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/NHRA_Museum.jpg/440px-NHRA_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>One of the famous custom cars in the classic American custom style, the <a href="/wiki/Hirohata_Merc" title="Hirohata Merc">Hirohata Merc</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>custom car</b> is a passenger <a href="/wiki/Automobile" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile">vehicle</a> that has been altered to <a href="/wiki/Engine_tuning" title="Engine tuning">improve its performance</a>, change its aesthetics, or combine both. Some automotive enthusiasts in the United States want to push "styling and performance a step beyond the showroom floor - to truly craft an automobile of one's own."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A custom car in British usage, according to <i><a href="/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary" title="Collins English Dictionary">Collins English Dictionary</a></i>, is built to the buyer's own specifications.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Custom cars are not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilder" title="Coachbuilder">coachbuilt</a> automobiles, historically <a href="/wiki/Rolling_chassis" title="Rolling chassis">rolling chassis</a> fitted with luxury bodywork by specialty auto body builders. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1916_Ford_Model_T_Speedster,_March_26,_1916,_California_(5643782311).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/1916_Ford_Model_T_Speedster%2C_March_26%2C_1916%2C_California_%285643782311%29.jpg/220px-1916_Ford_Model_T_Speedster%2C_March_26%2C_1916%2C_California_%285643782311%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/1916_Ford_Model_T_Speedster%2C_March_26%2C_1916%2C_California_%285643782311%29.jpg/330px-1916_Ford_Model_T_Speedster%2C_March_26%2C_1916%2C_California_%285643782311%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/1916_Ford_Model_T_Speedster%2C_March_26%2C_1916%2C_California_%285643782311%29.jpg/440px-1916_Ford_Model_T_Speedster%2C_March_26%2C_1916%2C_California_%285643782311%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5747" data-file-height="4200" /></a><figcaption>1916 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model T</a> modified into a <a href="/wiki/Speedster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Speedster (automobile)">speedster</a>, an early form of customized car</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:T_Bucket_001.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/T_Bucket_001.JPG/220px-T_Bucket_001.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/T_Bucket_001.JPG/330px-T_Bucket_001.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/T_Bucket_001.JPG/440px-T_Bucket_001.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A 1923 Ford <a href="/wiki/T-bucket" title="T-bucket">T-bucket</a> in the traditional hot rod style</figcaption></figure> <p>Some of the earliest examples of modified cars were cars modified for <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">racing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Off-roading" title="Off-roading">off-roading</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Coachbuilding" class="mw-redirect" title="Coachbuilding">coachbuilding</a> industry is considered part of custom car history, as companies and individuals built custom bodies to be fitted to early cars and inspired later customizers.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rods</a> were an early type of custom car first popularized in the United States, considered to be one of the earliest defined car customization movements. The origins of the first hot rods are typically considered to be early race cars built to race on dirt tracks and dry lake beds, often stripped down <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_T" title="Ford Model T">Ford Model Ts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927%E2%80%931931)" title="Ford Model A (1927–1931)">Model As</a>, and other pre-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> cars made into <a href="/wiki/Speedster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Speedster (automobile)">speedsters</a> and "gow jobs".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "gow job" morphed into the hot rod in the 1940s to 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-Shelton,_Chris_2017,_p.16_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelton,_Chris_2017,_p.16-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modified cars used in the <a href="/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States" title="Prohibition in the United States">Prohibition era</a> by <a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">bootleggers</a> to evade <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">revenue agents</a> and other law enforcement are also considered a predecessor to the hot rod.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hot rods gained popularity after <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, particularly in California, because many returning soldiers had received technical training.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many cars were "hopped up" with engine modifications such as adding additional carburetors, high compression heads, and dual exhausts. The suspension was often altered, and <a href="/wiki/Engine_swap" title="Engine swap">engine swaps</a> were to install the most powerful engine in the lightest possible frame and body combination.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another example of early automobile customization were the first <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road vehicles</a>. Some of the earliest dedicated offroad vehicles were made using the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%A9gresse_track" title="Kégresse track">Kégresse track</a> system, starting in the late 1910s, which affixed tracks to an ordinary car in place of the rear wheels for improved off-road traction.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, the surplus of army Jeeps led to a growth in the popularity of off-roading as a hobby. </p><p>Starting in the early 1940s, some US car customizers began to modify cars with a stronger emphasis on looks and self-expression. This led to styles of modification such as <a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">lowriders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kustom_(cars)" title="Kustom (cars)">kustoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lead_sled" title="Lead sled">lead sleds</a> emerging and growing.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1950s kustom car builders would often swap trim and panels from other cars, cut through the sheet metal and remove bits to make the car lower, weld it back together, and add <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> to make the resulting form smooth. They would also <a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_channeled#Chopping" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopped and channeled">chop</a> the roof to make it lower,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_channeled#Sectioning" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopped and channeled">section</a><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the body to make it thinner from top to bottom, and <a href="/wiki/Chopped_and_channeled#Channeling" class="mw-redirect" title="Chopped and channeled">channel</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the body by cutting notches in the floorpan where the body touches the frame to lower the whole body. </p><p>The first drag strip in the United States opened in 1950 on an airfield in Southern California, and a year later, in 1951 the <a href="/wiki/National_Hot_Rod_Association" title="National Hot Rod Association">National Hot Rod Association</a> was formed.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the following years, more drag strips were built across the country, leading to a rise in the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">drag racing</a> among both amateurs and professionals. </p><p>In the post-<a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> era, Japan's automotive industry grew, eventually leading to the country becoming the world's largest vehicle producer. This led to a unique car customization culture within the nation. Some of the early custom cars in Japan, starting in the late 1970s through the 1980s, included Kaido Racers, Japanese cars modified with homemade parts to look like racecars of the time; imported and modified American and European cars; cars modified for top-speed and highway racing; and <a href="/wiki/Dekotora" title="Dekotora">Dekotora</a> decorated trucks.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1990s saw the rise of cars modified for <a href="/wiki/Drifting_(motorsport)" title="Drifting (motorsport)">drifting</a>, <a href="/wiki/VIP_style" title="VIP style">VIP style</a> luxury sedans, and the continued popularity of highway racing. Japan also embraced American customization styles, importing and building their muscle cars, lowriders, minitrucks, and more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Styles_of_modification">Styles of modification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Styles of modification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chevy_Impala_by_Marc_Northstar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Chevy_Impala_by_Marc_Northstar.jpg/220px-Chevy_Impala_by_Marc_Northstar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Chevy_Impala_by_Marc_Northstar.jpg/330px-Chevy_Impala_by_Marc_Northstar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Chevy_Impala_by_Marc_Northstar.jpg/440px-Chevy_Impala_by_Marc_Northstar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>1959 <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Impala#Second_generation_(1959–1960)" title="Chevrolet Impala">Chevrolet Impala</a> <a href="/wiki/Art_car" title="Art car">Art car</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pro_ET_-_Ford_Escort_-_Santa_Pod_2010_(4663835515).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pro_ET_-_Ford_Escort_-_Santa_Pod_2010_%284663835515%29.jpg/220px-Pro_ET_-_Ford_Escort_-_Santa_Pod_2010_%284663835515%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pro_ET_-_Ford_Escort_-_Santa_Pod_2010_%284663835515%29.jpg/330px-Pro_ET_-_Ford_Escort_-_Santa_Pod_2010_%284663835515%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Pro_ET_-_Ford_Escort_-_Santa_Pod_2010_%284663835515%29.jpg/440px-Pro_ET_-_Ford_Escort_-_Santa_Pod_2010_%284663835515%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1366" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ford_Escort_(Europe)" title="Ford Escort (Europe)">Ford Escort</a> modified for <a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">drag racing</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osaka_Auto_Messe_2016_(221)_-_tuned_Nissan_SKYLINE_(C210).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Osaka_Auto_Messe_2016_%28221%29_-_tuned_Nissan_SKYLINE_%28C210%29.jpg/220px-Osaka_Auto_Messe_2016_%28221%29_-_tuned_Nissan_SKYLINE_%28C210%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Osaka_Auto_Messe_2016_%28221%29_-_tuned_Nissan_SKYLINE_%28C210%29.jpg/330px-Osaka_Auto_Messe_2016_%28221%29_-_tuned_Nissan_SKYLINE_%28C210%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Osaka_Auto_Messe_2016_%28221%29_-_tuned_Nissan_SKYLINE_%28C210%29.jpg/440px-Osaka_Auto_Messe_2016_%28221%29_-_tuned_Nissan_SKYLINE_%28C210%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Nissan_Skyline#Fifth_generation_(C210;_1977)" title="Nissan Skyline">Nissan Skyline C210</a> modified in the Japanese Kaido Racer style</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Typical_Rat_Rod.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Typical_Rat_Rod.jpg/220px-Typical_Rat_Rod.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Typical_Rat_Rod.jpg/330px-Typical_Rat_Rod.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Typical_Rat_Rod.jpg/440px-Typical_Rat_Rod.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>An example of a <a href="/wiki/Rat_rod" title="Rat rod">rat rod</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Modified cars can be significantly different from their stock counterparts. A common factor among owners/modifiers is to emulate the visual and/or performance characteristics of established styles and design principles. These similarities may be unintentional. Some of the many different styles and visual influences to car modification are: </p> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Art_car" title="Art car">Art car</a></b>: Cars painted or decorated to be art pieces.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_looker" title="Cal looker"><b>Cal look</b></a>: A modified classic Volkswagen intended to evoke California through bright colours, trim, and accessories.</li> <li><b>Drag car</b>: Cars modified for <a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">drag racing</a></li> <li><b>Drift car</b>: Cars modified for <a href="/wiki/Drifting_(motorsport)" title="Drifting (motorsport)">drifting</a>.</li> <li><b>Dub</b> or <b>donk</b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Hi-Riser" class="mw-redirect" title="Hi-Riser">Hi-Riser</a></b>: Characterized by huge wheels with low-profile tires, often with upgraded speaker setups, and sometimes custom paint, interiors, and engine upgrades.</li> <li><b>Euro style</b>: Stanced with one-off paint and small wheels, with shaved features to define car body lines.</li> <li><b>German look</b>: A Volkswagen <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Type 1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Type_3" title="Volkswagen Type 3">Type 3</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Karmann_Ghia" title="Volkswagen Karmann Ghia">Karmann Ghia</a> lowered and fitted with late model <a href="/wiki/Porsche" title="Porsche">Porsche</a> mag wheels and <a href="/wiki/Touring_car_racing" title="Touring car racing">touring car</a>-influenced styling. Heavily modified suspension and drivetrain with emphasis on handling and cornering.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rod</a></b>: Style primarily consisting of period-specific vehicles, components, and finishes to reproduce characteristics of early drag cars from the 1930s and 1940s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import_scene" title="Import scene"><b>Import</b></a> or <a href="/wiki/Japanese_domestic_market" title="Japanese domestic market"><b>JDM</b></a>: tuned Japanese vehicles.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Itasha" title="Itasha">Itasha</a></b>: cars decorated with images of characters from <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Video_game" title="Video game">video games</a></li> <li><b>Kaido Racer</b>: Japanese style of cars typically with lowered suspension, bright paint jobs, extreme body kits, and extended exhausts, sometimes inspired by Japanese <a href="/wiki/Group_5_(racing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Group 5 (racing)">Group 5</a> "Super Silhouette" racecars. Commonly associated with the <a href="/wiki/B%C5%8Ds%C5%8Dzoku" title="Bōsōzoku">Bōsōzoku</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kustom_(cars)" title="Kustom (cars)"><b>Kustom</b></a>: Style primarily consisting of American cars built from the 1930s to 1960s customized in the styles of that period.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></b>: Hydraulic or airbag suspension setups, custom paint, pinstriping, custom interior, and, typically, small diameter wire wheels. Others may look like straight restorations, aside from a low stance.</li> <li><b>Military/service style</b>: Cars designed to look like certain service vehicles.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle"><b>Off-roader</b></a><b>:</b> Cars, SUVs, and trucks modified for <a href="/wiki/Off-roading" title="Off-roading">off-roading</a>, such as overlanding, rock crawling, or desert racing. <ul><li><b>Chopped</b> (and stretched): typically <a href="/wiki/Body-on-frame" title="Body-on-frame">body-on-frame</a> SUV with the rear cargo area, body and/or row(s) of seats chopped off, leaving only the frame. A <a href="/wiki/Alloy" title="Alloy">full alloy</a> <a href="/wiki/Flatbed_truck" title="Flatbed truck">tray</a> and <a href="/wiki/Camper_shell" title="Camper shell">canopy</a> are then put into this space. Wheelbase maybe extended to allow more space for cargo and passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li> <li><b>Outlaw</b>: Typically <a href="/wiki/Porsche_356" title="Porsche 356">Porsches 356</a>, 911 and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Karmann_Ghia" title="Volkswagen Karmann Ghia">Karmann Ghias</a> modified with more powerful engines, brakes, and a more aggressive appearance. This movement took place in Southern California in the 1960s.</li> <li><b>Race car</b>: Cars built to compete in <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">auto racing</a>.</li> <li><b>Rally car</b>: Cars built to compete in <a href="/wiki/Rallying" title="Rallying">rallies</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rat_rod" title="Rat rod">Rat rod</a></b>: A style of hot rod and custom cars, imitating the "unfinished" appearance of some hot rods in the 1940s, 1950s, and 1960s. "Rat style" also defines a car kept on the road despite visible heavy wear.</li> <li><b>Restomod</b>: Classic cars that combine original exterior styling with modern applied technologies (such as new suspension, wheels, transmission) or modern interior features (multimedia, etc.) for comfortable everyday use.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Siren_kings" title="Siren kings">Siren kings</a></b>: A New Zealand Pasifika subculture where cars or bicycles are modified with <a href="/wiki/Loudspeaker" title="Loudspeaker">loudspeakers</a> or <a href="/wiki/Public_address_system" title="Public address system">public address systems</a> for use in competitive battles.</li> <li><b>South London look</b>: Subtly modified 1950s-1970s British Fords that are lowered, with pastel paint and 13-inch Lotus Cortina steel wheels or RS, Minilite, or Revolution mag wheels. These cars often use a tuned <a href="/wiki/Ford_Kent_engine" title="Ford Kent engine">Ford Kent</a> or <a href="/wiki/Ford_Pinto_engine" title="Ford Pinto engine">Pinto engine</a>.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Slab_(car)" title="Slab (car)">Slab</a></b>: Originated in the <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> area in the mid-1980s—usually, a full-size American luxury car fitted with custom "elbows", a type of extended wire wheels which protrude out from the fenders, loudspeaker setups, and neon signage inside the trunk panel. Other "slab" modifications include hydraulic-actuated trunk panels (a "pop trunk"), candy paint, vertical stainless steel trim on the trunk panel (known as "belt buckles"), aftermarket grille, and the use of a Cadillac front-end sheet metal conversion. The interiors of slabs are usually clad in beige or tan (in what is called a "peanut butter interior"). Usually associated with <a href="/wiki/Southern_hip_hop#Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern hip hop">Houston hip hop</a> music.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(car)" title="Sleeper (car)"><b>Sleeper</b></a>: High performance car that appears to be unmodified low performance car.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Stance_(vehicle)" title="Stance (vehicle)">Stanced</a></b>: This style is mainly associated with sports and passenger cars with lowered suspension setups. Custom wheels with low-profile tires play a prominent role in this style and often feature aggressive sizes, offsets, and camber.</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/VIP_style" title="VIP style">VIP style</a></b>: A Japanese style of customizing luxury cars.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features">Features</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Features"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Reactor_by_Gene_Winfield.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Reactor_by_Gene_Winfield.jpg/220px-Reactor_by_Gene_Winfield.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Reactor_by_Gene_Winfield.jpg/330px-Reactor_by_Gene_Winfield.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Reactor_by_Gene_Winfield.jpg/440px-Reactor_by_Gene_Winfield.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1752" data-file-height="1215" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Reactor_(show_rod)" title="The Reactor (show rod)">The Reactor (show rod)</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gene_Winfield" title="Gene Winfield">Gene Winfield</a> with <i>paint fade</i> style blending from one color to another</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paint">Paint</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Paint"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Custom paint jobs play an essential role in the culture around customized cars. Builders will often use special painting techniques to produce unique finishes, including the use of candy paint, <a href="/wiki/Metalflake" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalflake">metalflake</a>, and <a href="/wiki/ColourShift" class="mw-redirect" title="ColourShift">color shifting</a> paint. Additionally, builders will often create paint jobs with intricate designs or patterns by pinstriping, painting by hand, <a href="/wiki/Airbrushing" class="mw-redirect" title="Airbrushing">airbrushing</a>, taping out patterns on the car and painting inside them, painting over <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">lace</a>, overlaying <a href="/wiki/Gold_leaf" title="Gold leaf">gold leaf</a>, and more. Some customizers will also opt for <a href="/wiki/Vinyl_wrap" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinyl wrap">vinyl wraps</a>, vinyl decals, or <a href="/wiki/Plastidip" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastidip">plastidip</a> in place of a traditional paint job. In addition to paint, individual parts of a car may also be chromed, gold plated, or engraved. </p><p>Transparent but wildly colored candy-apple paint, applied atop a metallic undercoat, and <a href="/wiki/Metalflake" class="mw-redirect" title="Metalflake">metalflake</a> paint, with aluminum glitter within candy-apple paint, appeared in the 1960s. These took many coats to produce a brilliant effect – which tended to flake off in hot climates. This process and style of paint job were invented by <a href="/wiki/Joe_Bailon" title="Joe Bailon">Joe Bailon</a>, a customizer from Northern California. </p><p>Painting has become such a part of the custom car scene that in many custom car competitions, awards for custom paint are as highly sought after as awards for the cars themselves. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engine_swaps">Engine swaps</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Engine swaps"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RickLS1FD.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/RickLS1FD.jpg/220px-RickLS1FD.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/RickLS1FD.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="320" data-file-height="240" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LS_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="LS engine">LS1</a> V8 engine swap in a <a href="/wiki/Mazda_RX-7#Third_generation_(FD3S)" title="Mazda RX-7">Mazda RX-7 FD</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Engine_swap" title="Engine swap">Engine swap</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Car_tuning" title="Car tuning">Car tuning</a></div> <p>Engine swaps are a common modification involving taking the engine from one car and putting it into another, often one that did not initially come with that engine. A few of the most common engines swapped into other vehicles include the <a href="/wiki/BMW_M54" title="BMW M54">BMW M54</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevy_small_block_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevy small block engine">Chevy small block</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chevy_LS" class="mw-redirect" title="Chevy LS">Chevy LS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Hemi_engine" title="Chrysler Hemi engine">Chrysler Hemi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cummins_B_Series_engine" title="Cummins B Series engine">Cummins B Series</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Barra_engine" title="Ford Barra engine">Ford Barra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_Coyote" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Coyote">Ford Coyote</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ford_flathead_V8_engine" title="Ford flathead V8 engine">Ford flathead V8</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honda_B_engine" title="Honda B engine">Honda B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honda_K_engine" title="Honda K engine">Honda K</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mazda_13B" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazda 13B">Mazda 13B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nissan_RB_engine" title="Nissan RB engine">Nissan RB</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nissan_SR_engine" title="Nissan SR engine">Nissan SR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subaru_EJ_engine" title="Subaru EJ engine">Subaru EJ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_JZ_engine" title="Toyota JZ engine">Toyota JZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_UZ_engine" title="Toyota UZ engine">Toyota UZ</a>, <a href="/wiki/Toyota_S_engine" title="Toyota S engine">Toyota S</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_V6" class="mw-redirect" title="Volkswagen V6">Volkswagen VR6</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Completing an engine swap typically requires a high level of modification and fabrication to fit the engine and connect it to the host vehicle's body, transmission, and electrics. Many companies sell kits for common engine swaps that include adapter plates for the transmission, K member, engine mounts, front subframe, and more, depending on what ss required for the particular swap. Some engine swaps will use the vehicle's original transmission, while others opt for the transmission from the donor car, or a different transmission entirely. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Suspension">Suspension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Suspension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Suspension_lift" title="Suspension lift">Suspension lift</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beam_axle#Axle_truss" title="Beam axle">Axle truss</a></div> <p>Solid axle swap (SAS): replacing independent front suspension (IFS) with <a href="/wiki/Beam_axle" title="Beam axle">solid axle</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Customizers">Customizers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Customizers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Examples of notable American customizers include <a href="/wiki/George_Barris_(auto_customizer)" title="George Barris (auto customizer)">George Barris</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vini_Bergeman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vini Bergeman (page does not exist)">Vini Bergeman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bill_Cushenbery" title="Bill Cushenbery">Bill Cushenbery</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Brothers_(auto_customizers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Brothers (auto customizers)">Alexander Brothers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bo_Huff" title="Bo Huff">Bo Huff</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gil_Ayala&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gil Ayala (page does not exist)">Gil Ayala</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Darryl Starbird,<sup id="cite_ref-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Roy_Brizio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roy Brizio (page does not exist)">Roy Brizio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Troy_Trepanier" title="Troy Trepanier">Troy Trepanier</a> (of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rad_Rides_by_Troy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rad Rides by Troy (page does not exist)">Rad Rides by Troy</a>), <a href="/wiki/Boyd_Coddington" title="Boyd Coddington">Boyd Coddington</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darryl_Hollenbeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darryl Hollenbeck (page does not exist)">Darryl Hollenbeck</a> (working out of at Vintage Color Studios; winner of the 2016 <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Most_Beautiful_Roadster" title="America's Most Beautiful Roadster">America's Most Beautiful Roadster</a> (AMBR) trophy with a custom Deuce)<sup id="cite_ref-Shelton,_Chris_2017,_p.16_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shelton,_Chris_2017,_p.16-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Westergaard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Harry Westergaard (page does not exist)">Harry Westergaard</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Stuckey&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dave Stuckey (page does not exist)">Dave Stuckey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dean_Jeffries" title="Dean Jeffries">Dean Jeffries</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Barry_Lobeck&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barry Lobeck (page does not exist)">Barry Lobeck</a>, Phil Cool (who won the 1978 AMBR trophy with a bright orange Deuce, cover car for the July 1978 issue of <i>Hot Rod</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Troy_Ladd" title="Troy Ladd">Troy Ladd</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hollywood_Hot_Rods&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hollywood Hot Rods (page does not exist)">Hollywood Hot Rods</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doane_Spencer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doane Spencer (page does not exist)">Doane Spencer</a> (builder of a 1940s Deuce considered the template for the hiboy),<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ken_Fenical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ken Fenical (page does not exist)">"Posie"</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ron_Clark_(customizer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ron Clark (customizer) (page does not exist)">Ron Clark</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Kaiser_(customizer)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Kaiser (customizer) (page does not exist)">Bob Kaiser</a> (of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clarkaiser_Custom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clarkaiser Custom (page does not exist)">Clarkaiser Customs</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joe_Bailon" title="Joe Bailon">Joe Bailon</a><sup id="cite_ref-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (inventor of candy apple paint),<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gene_Winfield" title="Gene Winfield">Gene Winfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rick_Dore" title="Rick Dore">Rick Dore</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joe_Wilhelm&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joe Wilhelm (page does not exist)">Joe Wilhelm</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Megugorac" title="Dick Megugorac">"Magoo"</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Chip_Foose" title="Chip Foose">Chip Foose</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Pete_Chapouris" title="Pete Chapouris">Pete Chapourisand</a> notable custom car designer Keith Kaucher. </p><p>Others, such as <a href="/wiki/Kenny_Howard" title="Kenny Howard">Von Dutch</a>, are best known as custom painters. Several customizers have become famous beyond the automobile community, including Barris, Jeffries, and Coddington, thanks to their proximity to <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_the_United_States" title="Cinema of the United States">Hollywood</a>; Barris designed TV's <a href="/wiki/Batmobile" title="Batmobile">Batmobile</a>, while Chapouris built the <a href="/wiki/The_California_Kid_(custom_car)" title="The California Kid (custom car)">flamed '34 three-window coupé</a> in the eponymous <a href="/wiki/Television_film" title="Television film">telefilm</a> "<a href="/wiki/The_California_Kid" title="The California Kid">The California Kid</a>". Another Barris creation, <a href="/wiki/Ala_Kart_(custom_car)" title="Ala Kart (custom car)"><i>Ala Kart</i></a> (a '29 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Model_A_(1927)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford Model A (1927)">Ford Model A</a> roadster pickup), made numerous appearances in film after taking two AMBR wins in a row. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most coveted awards for American customizers is the AMBR (<a href="/wiki/America%27s_Most_Beautiful_Roadster" title="America's Most Beautiful Roadster">America's Most Beautiful Roadster</a>) trophy, presented annually at the Grand National Roadster Show since 1948 (also known within the customizer community as the Oakland Roadster Show until it was moved to Southern California in 2003). This competition has produced famous and radical customs. </p><p>Another is the <a href="/wiki/Ridler_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Ridler Award">Ridler Award</a>, presented at the <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Autorama" title="Detroit Autorama">Detroit Autorama</a> since 1964 in honor of show promoter Don Ridler. With one of the most unusual car show entry requirements, the Ridler Award winners are selected as the most outstanding among cars being shown for the first time. This prompts builders of many high-end roadsters to enter Autorama first and then the Grand National show to have the chance to win top honors at both shows. Few cars and owners can claim this achievement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_customs">Notable customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notable customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monkeemobile2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Monkeemobile2.jpg/220px-Monkeemobile2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Monkeemobile2.jpg/330px-Monkeemobile2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Monkeemobile2.jpg/440px-Monkeemobile2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a><figcaption><i>The <a href="/wiki/Monkeemobile" title="Monkeemobile">Monkeemobile</a></i> from the <a href="/wiki/The_Munsters" title="The Munsters">"Munsters"</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some customs gained attention for winning awards at shows or for their outlandish styling. Some examples include <a href="/wiki/Silhouette_(show_car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Silhouette (show car)"><i>Silhouette</i></a> and <a href="/wiki/Ed_Roth" title="Ed Roth">Ed Roth</a>'s <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mysterion_(show_rod)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mysterion (show rod) (page does not exist)"><i>Mysterion</i></a>. Some notable custom cars have been turned into <a href="/wiki/Hot_Wheels" title="Hot Wheels">Hot Wheels</a> cars or other scale models, such as <a href="/wiki/The_Red_Baron_(custom_car)" title="The Red Baron (custom car)"><i>The Red Baron</i></a>. </p><p>Other custom cars became notable for appearances in film (such as <i>Ala Kart</i> {1958},<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>The California Kid</i> three-window {1973},<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the yellow deuce from "<a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a>" {1973}, the <a href="/wiki/Batmobile" title="Batmobile">Batmobiles</a> from Batman, the <a href="/wiki/Pursuit_Special" title="Pursuit Special">Pursuit Special</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mad_Max" title="Mad Max">Mad Max</a>, and more) or television (such as <i>The <a href="/wiki/Monkeemobile" title="Monkeemobile">Monkeemobile</a></i> from the <a href="/wiki/The_Munsters" title="The Munsters">"Munsters"</a>, and <a href="/wiki/KITT" title="KITT">KITT</a> from <a href="/wiki/Knight_Rider_(1982_TV_series)" title="Knight Rider (1982 TV series)"><i>Knight Rider</i></a>). </p><p>Other notable customs exemplified a trend. One of these is the 1951 Merc built by the Barris brothers for Bob Hirohata in 1953, known as the <a href="/wiki/Hirohata_Merc" title="Hirohata Merc">Hirohata Merc</a>. Even without an appearance in the film ("Runnin' Wild"), it is one of the most iconic 1950s customs.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neil_Emory&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neil Emory (page does not exist)">Neil Emory</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_Jensen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clayton Jensen (page does not exist)">Clayton Jensen</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Valley_Custom_Shop&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Valley Custom Shop (page does not exist)">Valley Custom Shop</a> built <a href="/wiki/Polynesian_(custom_car)" title="Polynesian (custom car)"><i>Polynesian</i></a> for Jack Stewart, starting with a 1950 <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile_88#First_generation_(1949–1953)" title="Oldsmobile 88">Holiday 88 sedan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Polynesian</i> made the cover of <a href="/wiki/Hot_Rod_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Hot Rod Magazine"><i>Hot Rod</i></a> in August, and saw 54 pages of construction details in <i><a href="/wiki/Motor_Trend" title="Motor Trend">Motor Trend</a> Custom Car Annual</i> in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1964_Chevrolet_Impala_Gypsy_Rose.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1964 Chevrolet Impala named "Gypsy Rose" on display in the Petersen Automotive Museum, considered to be one of the most iconic lowriders ever built"><img alt="1964 Chevrolet Impala named "Gypsy Rose" on display in the Petersen Automotive Museum, considered to be one of the most iconic lowriders ever built" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1964_Chevrolet_Impala_Gypsy_Rose.jpg/293px-1964_Chevrolet_Impala_Gypsy_Rose.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1964_Chevrolet_Impala_Gypsy_Rose.jpg/440px-1964_Chevrolet_Impala_Gypsy_Rose.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/1964_Chevrolet_Impala_Gypsy_Rose.jpg/585px-1964_Chevrolet_Impala_Gypsy_Rose.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1964 <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Impala_(fourth_generation)" title="Chevrolet Impala (fourth generation)">Chevrolet Impala</a> named "Gypsy Rose" on display in the <a href="/wiki/Petersen_Automotive_Museum" title="Petersen Automotive Museum">Petersen Automotive Museum</a>, considered to be one of the most iconic lowriders ever built</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 207.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 205.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%BCnge_Flyer_(custom_Porsche)_at_Bridgehampton,_front_left.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rünge Flyer with a hand-built aluminum body over a steel tube frame"><img alt="Rünge Flyer with a hand-built aluminum body over a steel tube frame" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/R%C3%BCnge_Flyer_%28custom_Porsche%29_at_Bridgehampton%2C_front_left.jpg/308px-R%C3%BCnge_Flyer_%28custom_Porsche%29_at_Bridgehampton%2C_front_left.jpg" decoding="async" width="206" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/R%C3%BCnge_Flyer_%28custom_Porsche%29_at_Bridgehampton%2C_front_left.jpg/462px-R%C3%BCnge_Flyer_%28custom_Porsche%29_at_Bridgehampton%2C_front_left.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/R%C3%BCnge_Flyer_%28custom_Porsche%29_at_Bridgehampton%2C_front_left.jpg/615px-R%C3%BCnge_Flyer_%28custom_Porsche%29_at_Bridgehampton%2C_front_left.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4972" data-file-height="3152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Rünge Flyer with a hand-built aluminum body over a steel tube frame</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 164.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 162.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:-37,_1995_Dodge_Neon_ACR,_Improved_Touring_A,_Group_3_(52372829680).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Dodge Neon ACR modified for racing"><img alt="Dodge Neon ACR modified for racing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/-37%2C_1995_Dodge_Neon_ACR%2C_Improved_Touring_A%2C_Group_3_%2852372829680%29.jpg/244px--37%2C_1995_Dodge_Neon_ACR%2C_Improved_Touring_A%2C_Group_3_%2852372829680%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/-37%2C_1995_Dodge_Neon_ACR%2C_Improved_Touring_A%2C_Group_3_%2852372829680%29.jpg/366px--37%2C_1995_Dodge_Neon_ACR%2C_Improved_Touring_A%2C_Group_3_%2852372829680%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/-37%2C_1995_Dodge_Neon_ACR%2C_Improved_Touring_A%2C_Group_3_%2852372829680%29.jpg/488px--37%2C_1995_Dodge_Neon_ACR%2C_Improved_Touring_A%2C_Group_3_%2852372829680%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1152" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Dodge_Neon" class="mw-redirect" title="Dodge Neon">Dodge Neon</a> ACR modified for <a href="/wiki/Auto_racing" title="Auto racing">racing</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 201.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 199.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jzx100chaser.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Toyota Chaser modified for drifting"><img alt="Toyota Chaser modified for drifting" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jzx100chaser.jpg/299px-Jzx100chaser.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jzx100chaser.jpg/448px-Jzx100chaser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Jzx100chaser.jpg/597px-Jzx100chaser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Toyota_Chaser#6th_Generation_(X100;_1996)" title="Toyota Chaser">Toyota Chaser</a> modified for <a href="/wiki/Drifting_(motorsport)" title="Drifting (motorsport)">drifting</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:1985_Chevrolet_C10_-_Red_Rocker_(3883436904).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Customized 1985 Chevrolet C10 with a flame paintjob"><img alt="Customized 1985 Chevrolet C10 with a flame paintjob" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1985_Chevrolet_C10_-_Red_Rocker_%283883436904%29.jpg/293px-1985_Chevrolet_C10_-_Red_Rocker_%283883436904%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1985_Chevrolet_C10_-_Red_Rocker_%283883436904%29.jpg/440px-1985_Chevrolet_C10_-_Red_Rocker_%283883436904%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/1985_Chevrolet_C10_-_Red_Rocker_%283883436904%29.jpg/585px-1985_Chevrolet_C10_-_Red_Rocker_%283883436904%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Customized 1985 <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_C/K_(third_generation)" title="Chevrolet C/K (third generation)">Chevrolet C10</a> with a flame paintjob</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toyota_Supra_1994_-_Mondial_de_l%27Automobile_de_Paris_2016_-_002.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Modified Toyota Supra used in The Fast and the Furious (2001)"><img alt="Modified Toyota Supra used in The Fast and the Furious (2001)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Toyota_Supra_1994_-_Mondial_de_l%27Automobile_de_Paris_2016_-_002.jpg/293px-Toyota_Supra_1994_-_Mondial_de_l%27Automobile_de_Paris_2016_-_002.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Toyota_Supra_1994_-_Mondial_de_l%27Automobile_de_Paris_2016_-_002.jpg/440px-Toyota_Supra_1994_-_Mondial_de_l%27Automobile_de_Paris_2016_-_002.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Toyota_Supra_1994_-_Mondial_de_l%27Automobile_de_Paris_2016_-_002.jpg/585px-Toyota_Supra_1994_-_Mondial_de_l%27Automobile_de_Paris_2016_-_002.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modified Toyota Supra used in <a href="/wiki/The_Fast_and_the_Furious_(2001_film)" title="The Fast and the Furious (2001 film)">The Fast and the Furious (2001)</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Osaka_Auto_Messe_2018_(547)_-_RWB993_Rough_Rhythm.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Porsche 993 911 with a RAUH-Welt BEGRIFF widebody kit"><img alt="Porsche 993 911 with a RAUH-Welt BEGRIFF widebody kit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Osaka_Auto_Messe_2018_%28547%29_-_RWB993_Rough_Rhythm.jpg/260px-Osaka_Auto_Messe_2018_%28547%29_-_RWB993_Rough_Rhythm.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Osaka_Auto_Messe_2018_%28547%29_-_RWB993_Rough_Rhythm.jpg/391px-Osaka_Auto_Messe_2018_%28547%29_-_RWB993_Rough_Rhythm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Osaka_Auto_Messe_2018_%28547%29_-_RWB993_Rough_Rhythm.jpg/520px-Osaka_Auto_Messe_2018_%28547%29_-_RWB993_Rough_Rhythm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Porsche_993" class="mw-redirect" title="Porsche 993">Porsche 993 911</a> with a <a href="/wiki/RAUH-Welt_BEGRIFF" class="mw-redirect" title="RAUH-Welt BEGRIFF">RAUH-Welt BEGRIFF</a> widebody kit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 197.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 195.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baja_Bug.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volkswagen Beetle turned into a Baja Bug for off-road racing"><img alt="Volkswagen Beetle turned into a Baja Bug for off-road racing" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Baja_Bug.jpg/293px-Baja_Bug.jpg" decoding="async" width="196" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Baja_Bug.jpg/440px-Baja_Bug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Baja_Bug.jpg/585px-Baja_Bug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3021" data-file-height="2014" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Volkswagen_Beetle" title="Volkswagen Beetle">Volkswagen Beetle</a> turned into a <a href="/wiki/Baja_Bug" title="Baja Bug">Baja Bug</a> for off-road racing</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 210px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 208px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2002_Volkswagen_Bora_Sport_TDi_Smyth_Performance_Pickup_Conversion_1.9_Rear.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Volkswagen Bora sedan converted into a ute using a custom kit"><img alt="Volkswagen Bora sedan converted into a ute using a custom kit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2002_Volkswagen_Bora_Sport_TDi_Smyth_Performance_Pickup_Conversion_1.9_Rear.jpg/312px-2002_Volkswagen_Bora_Sport_TDi_Smyth_Performance_Pickup_Conversion_1.9_Rear.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2002_Volkswagen_Bora_Sport_TDi_Smyth_Performance_Pickup_Conversion_1.9_Rear.jpg/468px-2002_Volkswagen_Bora_Sport_TDi_Smyth_Performance_Pickup_Conversion_1.9_Rear.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/2002_Volkswagen_Bora_Sport_TDi_Smyth_Performance_Pickup_Conversion_1.9_Rear.jpg/623px-2002_Volkswagen_Bora_Sport_TDi_Smyth_Performance_Pickup_Conversion_1.9_Rear.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4279" data-file-height="2680" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Volkswagen Bora sedan converted into a <a href="/wiki/Car_body_style#Ute" title="Car body style">ute</a> using a custom kit</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazda_Miata_NA_custom_interior.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Custom interior in a Mazda Miata"><img alt="Custom interior in a Mazda Miata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mazda_Miata_NA_custom_interior.jpg/260px-Mazda_Miata_NA_custom_interior.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mazda_Miata_NA_custom_interior.jpg/391px-Mazda_Miata_NA_custom_interior.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Mazda_Miata_NA_custom_interior.jpg/520px-Mazda_Miata_NA_custom_interior.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Custom interior in a <a href="/wiki/Mazda_MX-5_(NA)" title="Mazda MX-5 (NA)">Mazda Miata</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 175.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 173.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Airbrushed_mural_on_the_trunk_of_a_lowrider.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Painted mural on the trunk of a lowrider"><img alt="Painted mural on the trunk of a lowrider" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Airbrushed_mural_on_the_trunk_of_a_lowrider.jpg/260px-Airbrushed_mural_on_the_trunk_of_a_lowrider.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Airbrushed_mural_on_the_trunk_of_a_lowrider.jpg/391px-Airbrushed_mural_on_the_trunk_of_a_lowrider.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Airbrushed_mural_on_the_trunk_of_a_lowrider.jpg/520px-Airbrushed_mural_on_the_trunk_of_a_lowrider.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Painted mural on the trunk of a lowrider</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 198.66666666667px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 196.66666666667px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamato%27s_itasha,_Kantai_Collection_20181208f.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Mazda 3 with an Itasha style wrap"><img alt="A Mazda 3 with an Itasha style wrap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Yamato%27s_itasha%2C_Kantai_Collection_20181208f.jpg/295px-Yamato%27s_itasha%2C_Kantai_Collection_20181208f.jpg" decoding="async" width="197" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Yamato%27s_itasha%2C_Kantai_Collection_20181208f.jpg/443px-Yamato%27s_itasha%2C_Kantai_Collection_20181208f.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Yamato%27s_itasha%2C_Kantai_Collection_20181208f.jpg/589px-Yamato%27s_itasha%2C_Kantai_Collection_20181208f.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4843" data-file-height="3208" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Mazda_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazda 3">Mazda 3</a> with an <a href="/wiki/Itasha" title="Itasha">Itasha</a> style wrap</div> </li> </ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adapted_automobile" title="Adapted automobile">Adapted automobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automotive_restoration" class="mw-redirect" title="Automotive restoration">Automotive restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_tuning" title="Car tuning">Car tuning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automobile_engine_replacement#EV_crate_engines" title="Automobile engine replacement">Crate engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_motorcycle" title="Custom motorcycle">Custom motorcycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle_conversion" title="Electric vehicle conversion">Electric vehicle conversion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_hatch" title="Hot hatch">Hot hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Import_scene" title="Import scene">Import scene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kustom_(cars)" title="Kustom (cars)">Kustom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_sled" title="Lead sled">Lead sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimp_My_Ride" title="Pimp My Ride">Pimp My Ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_rod" title="Rat rod">Rat rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice_burner" title="Rice burner">Rice burner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeper_(car)" title="Sleeper (car)">Sleeper (car)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_racing" title="Street racing">Street racing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuner_(car)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuner (car)">Tuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_tuning" title="Virtual tuning">Virtual tuning</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKress2002" class="citation book cs1">Kress, Joe (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IM8me68zmJwC&pg=PA10"><i>Lead Sleds</i></a>. MotorBooks International. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610590631" title="Special:BookSources/9781610590631"><bdi>9781610590631</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lead+Sleds&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=MotorBooks+International&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9781610590631&rft.aulast=Kress&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIM8me68zmJwC%26pg%3DPA10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGanahl2001" class="citation book cs1">Ganahl, Pat (2001). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americancustomca0000gana"><i>The American custom car</i></a></span>. MBI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760309506" title="Special:BookSources/9780760309506"><bdi>9780760309506</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+American+custom+car&rft.pub=MBI&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780760309506&rft.aulast=Ganahl&rft.aufirst=Pat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericancustomca0000gana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/custom-car">"Custom car definition and meaning: Collins English Dictionary"</a>. <i>collinsdictionary.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=collinsdictionary.com&rft.atitle=Custom+car+definition+and+meaning%3A+Collins+English+Dictionary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fus%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fcustom-car&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoving2016" class="citation web cs1">Hoving, Ric (November 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.customcarchronicle.com/forums/topic/coachbuild-origins-of-custom-cars/">"Coachbuild origins of Custom Cars"</a>. <i>customcarchronicle.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=customcarchronicle.com&rft.atitle=Coachbuild+origins+of+Custom+Cars&rft.date=2016-11-25&rft.aulast=Hoving&rft.aufirst=Ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.customcarchronicle.com%2Fforums%2Ftopic%2Fcoachbuild-origins-of-custom-cars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConwill2020" class="citation web cs1">Conwill, David (2020-01-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240208064729/https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/a-brief-history-of-hot-rodding">"A Brief History of Hot Rodding"</a>. <i>Hemmings</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hemmings.com/stories/article/a-brief-history-of-hot-rodding">the original</a> on 2024-02-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hemmings&rft.atitle=A+Brief+History+of+Hot+Rodding&rft.date=2020-01-23&rft.aulast=Conwill&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hemmings.com%2Fstories%2Farticle%2Fa-brief-history-of-hot-rodding&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shelton,_Chris_2017,_p.16-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton,_Chris_2017,_p.16_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shelton,_Chris_2017,_p.16_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelton2017" class="citation magazine cs1">Shelton, Chris (March 2017). "Then, Now, and Forever". <i>Hot Rod</i>. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hot+Rod&rft.atitle=Then%2C+Now%2C+and+Forever&rft.pages=16&rft.date=2017-03&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shelton, C., page 18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopupmag.com/hot-rod-history/">"Hot Rod History"</a>. <i>hopupmag.com</i>. 28 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hopupmag.com&rft.atitle=Hot+Rod+History&rft.date=2015-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopupmag.com%2Fhot-rod-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hopupmag.com/hot-rod-history/">"Hot Rod History"</a>. <i>hopupmag.com</i>. 28 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hopupmag.com&rft.atitle=Hot+Rod+History&rft.date=2015-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopupmag.com%2Fhot-rod-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autoevolution.com/news/hot-rod-history-9087.html">"Hot Rod History"</a>. <i>autoevolution.com</i>. 2009-07-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=autoevolution.com&rft.atitle=Hot+Rod+History&rft.date=2009-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoevolution.com%2Fnews%2Fhot-rod-history-9087.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yourcustomcar.com/custom-car-history.html">"The evolution of custom cars"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-10-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+evolution+of+custom+cars&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourcustomcar.com%2Fcustom-car-history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shelton, Chris. pages 18 and 20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081231031708/http://www.home.no/migreg/norsk/kiriletz.html">"Stanislav Kiriletz"</a>. <i>MIG-registeret</i> (in Norwegian and English). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.home.no/migreg/norsk/kiriletz.html">the original</a> on 2008-12-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIG-registeret&rft.atitle=Stanislav+Kiriletz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.home.no%2Fmigreg%2Fnorsk%2Fkiriletz.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWanberg2005" class="citation thesis cs1">Wanberg, John Joseph (2005). <i>Understanding customization: A case study in car customization</i> (Thesis). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/305027217">305027217</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Understanding+customization%3A+A+case+study+in+car+customization&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Wanberg&rft.aufirst=John+Joseph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2024)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rod Action</i>, 2/78, p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Street Rodder</i>, 2/78, p. 15; <i>Custom Rodder</i> 1/97, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Jezek, George. "The All Deuce Round-Up", in <i>Street Rodder</i>, 2/78, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhra.com/nhra-101/nhra-history">"NHRA History"</a>. <i>NHRA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NHRA&rft.atitle=NHRA+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhra.com%2Fnhra-101%2Fnhra-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kaidoracer.com/what-is-a-kaido-racer/">"What is a Kaido Racer?"</a>. <i>Kaido Racer</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kaido+Racer&rft.atitle=What+is+a+Kaido+Racer%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkaidoracer.com%2Fwhat-is-a-kaido-racer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sabukaru.online/articles/showa-racing">"The Golden Years of Japan's Car Culture: Showa Racing"</a>. <i>sabukaru</i>. 2021-03-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sabukaru&rft.atitle=The+Golden+Years+of+Japan%27s+Car+Culture%3A+Showa+Racing&rft.date=2021-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsabukaru.online%2Farticles%2Fshowa-racing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF4X4_Australia2022" class="citation audio-visual cs1">4X4 Australia (2022-02-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UG0h2TTxQH8"><i>Chopped and stretched Y62 Patrol | 4X4 Australia</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Chopped+and+stretched+Y62+Patrol+%7C+4X4+Australia&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.au=4X4+Australia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUG0h2TTxQH8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media" title="Template:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonny_Dahl2022" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Ronny Dahl (2022-08-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hI2qTCLI5gI"><i>CHOPPED 200 series Landcruiser review, Modified Episode 104</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CHOPPED+200+series+Landcruiser+review%2C+Modified+Episode+104&rft.date=2022-08-06&rft.au=Ronny+Dahl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhI2qTCLI5gI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF4WD_24-72022" class="citation audio-visual cs1">4WD 24-7 (2022-03-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_f4CBCIPu8g"><i>CHOPPED Y62 PATROL CANOPY BUILD! Graham's one-of-a-kind DREAM 4WD!</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span> – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CHOPPED+Y62+PATROL+CANOPY+BUILD%21+Graham%27s+one-of-a-kind+DREAM+4WD%21&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft.au=4WD+24-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D_f4CBCIPu8g&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_AV_media" title="Template:Cite AV media">cite AV media</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonk" class="citation web cs1">Bonk, Aaron. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.motortrend.com/how-to/1404-popular-engine-swaps/">"Popular Engine Swaps"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Popular+Engine+Swaps&rft.aulast=Bonk&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motortrend.com%2Fhow-to%2F1404-popular-engine-swaps%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHevesy2023" class="citation web cs1">Hevesy, Alex (2023-07-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slashgear.com/1326243/most-popular-engines-swaps-classic-cars/">"5 Of The Most Popular Engines For Classic Car Engine Swaps"</a>. <i>SlashGear</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-11-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SlashGear&rft.atitle=5+Of+The+Most+Popular+Engines+For+Classic+Car+Engine+Swaps&rft.date=2023-07-02&rft.aulast=Hevesy&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slashgear.com%2F1326243%2Fmost-popular-engines-swaps-classic-cars%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whichcar.com.au/reviews/custom-4x4s/sas-style-custom-holden-colorado-review">"SAS-style custom Holden Colorado review"</a>. <i>WhichCar</i>. 2020-03-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WhichCar&rft.atitle=SAS-style+custom+Holden+Colorado+review&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whichcar.com.au%2Freviews%2Fcustom-4x4s%2Fsas-style-custom-holden-colorado-review&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.whichcar.com.au/reviews/custom-4x4s/sas-ford-ranger-custom">"Epic stretched SAS Ford Ranger!"</a>. <i>WhichCar</i>. 2020-07-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WhichCar&rft.atitle=Epic+stretched+SAS+Ford+Ranger%21&rft.date=2020-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.whichcar.com.au%2Freviews%2Fcustom-4x4s%2Fsas-ford-ranger-custom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiculescu2021" class="citation web cs1">Niculescu, Aurel (2021-11-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.autoevolution.com/news/snow-wheeling-a-straight-axle-sema-2021-ford-bronco-on-40s-feels-winter-swapped-175013.html">"Snow-Wheeling a Straight-Axle SEMA 2021 Ford Bronco on 40s Feels Winter Swapped"</a>. <i>autoevolution</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=autoevolution&rft.atitle=Snow-Wheeling+a+Straight-Axle+SEMA+2021+Ford+Bronco+on+40s+Feels+Winter+Swapped&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft.aulast=Niculescu&rft.aufirst=Aurel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.autoevolution.com%2Fnews%2Fsnow-wheeling-a-straight-axle-sema-2021-ford-bronco-on-40s-feels-winter-swapped-175013.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rod & Custom</i>, 8/89, p. 60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Street_Rodder,_1/85,_p.56_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Street Rodder</i>, 1/85, p. 56.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rod & Custom</i>, 8/89, p. 55.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shelton, Chris. "Then, Now, and Forever" in <i>Hot Rod</i>, March 2017, p. 23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Shelton, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rod Action</i>, 2/85, p. 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fetherston, David, "Detroit Dreams", in <i>Rod & Custom</i>, 7/95, p. 58.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ganahl, Pat, "The Candy Man", in <i>Rod & Custom</i>, 7/95, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2012" class="citation book cs1">Gross, Ken (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mTCkZlTKrGsC&q=%22Rick+dore%22&pg=PA94"><i>Art of the Hot Rod</i></a>. Motorbooks. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780760343005" title="Special:BookSources/9780760343005"><bdi>9780760343005</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Art+of+the+Hot+Rod&rft.pub=Motorbooks&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780760343005&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Ken&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmTCkZlTKrGsC%26q%3D%2522Rick%2Bdore%2522%26pg%3DPA94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACustom+car" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Street Rodder</i>, 12/98, p. 206.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bishop, Mike, "The 45th Grand National Roadster Show", in <i>American Rodder</i>, 6/94, p. 27.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hot Rod</i>, 12/86, p. 29 sidebar.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Hot Rod</i>, 12/86, p. 29.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rod & Custom</i>, 8/89, pp. 8 & 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.customrodder.com/features/0609cr_1950_oldsmobile_polynesian/index.html%7C_new"><i>Custom Rodder</i> online</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup> (retrieved 28 July 2018)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Rod & Custom</i>, 8/89, p. 68.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/32px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/48px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg/64px-Sportcar_sergio_luiz_ara_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="219" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Cars portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipetan-manga.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/32px-Wikipetan-manga.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/48px-Wikipetan-manga.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Wikipetan-manga.png/64px-Wikipetan-manga.png 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="425" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Comics" title="Portal:Comics">Comics portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Custom_cars" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Custom cars">Custom cars</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kustom_Kulture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Kustom_Kulture" title="Template:Kustom Kulture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Kustom_Kulture&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Kustom Kulture (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Kustom_Kulture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Kustom Kulture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kustom_Kulture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kustom_Kulture" title="Kustom Kulture">Kustom Kulture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Key figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Anger" title="Kenneth Anger">Kenneth Anger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Bailon" title="Joe Bailon">Joe Bailon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Barris_(auto_customizer)" title="George Barris (auto customizer)">George Barris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Chapouris" title="Pete Chapouris">Pete Chapouris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coop_(artist)" title="Coop (artist)">Coop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Cushenbery" title="Bill Cushenbery">Bill Cushenbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Dean" title="Dick Dean">Dick Dean</a></li> <li>Rick Dobbertin</li> <li>Ken Fenical (Posie)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chip_Foose" title="Chip Foose">Chip Foose</a></li> <li>Sam Foose</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackie_Gejeian" title="Blackie Gejeian">Blackie Gejeian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm_Grabowski" title="Norm Grabowski">Norm Grabowski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenny_Howard" title="Kenny Howard">Kenny Howard</a> (Von Dutch)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Huff" title="Bo Huff">Bo Huff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jacobs_(customizer)" title="Jim Jacobs (customizer)">Jim "Jake" Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Jeffries" title="Dean Jeffries">Dean Jeffries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Megugorac" title="Dick Megugorac">Dick Megugorac</a> (Magoo)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_Moon" title="Dean Moon">Dean Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Roth" title="Ed Roth">Ed Roth</a></li> <li>Larry Watson</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Williams_(artist)" title="Robert Williams (artist)">Robert Williams (artist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Larry" title="Indian Larry">Indian Larry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobber_(motorcycle)" title="Bobber (motorcycle)">Bobber (motorcycle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_racer" title="Café racer">Café racer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cal_Look" class="mw-redirect" title="Cal Look">Cal Look</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chopper_(motorcycle)" title="Chopper (motorcycle)">Chopper (motorcycle)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Custom car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutdown" title="Cutdown">Cutdown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_domestic_market" title="Japanese domestic market">JDM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_sled" title="Lead sled">Lead sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_rod" title="Rat rod">Rat rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_bike" title="Rat bike">Rat bike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Show_car" title="Show car">Show car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bucket" title="T-bucket">T-bucket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Car_tuning" title="Car tuning">Tuner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volksrod" title="Volksrod">Volksrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodie_(car_body_style)" title="Woodie (car body style)">Woodie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DIY_ethic" class="mw-redirect" title="DIY ethic">DIY ethic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greaser_(subculture)" title="Greaser (subculture)">Greaser (subculture)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowbrow_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowbrow art">Lowbrow art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_movies" class="mw-redirect" title="Midnight movies">Midnight movies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pin-up_girl" class="mw-redirect" title="Pin-up girl">Pin-up girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pop_art" title="Pop art">Pop art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punk_subculture" title="Punk subculture">Punk subculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychobilly" title="Psychobilly">Psychobilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raggare" title="Raggare">Raggare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockabilly" title="Rockabilly">Rockabilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surf_culture" title="Surf culture">Surf culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/American_Graffiti" title="American Graffiti">American Graffiti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/CK_Deluxe" title="CK Deluxe">CK Deluxe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kandy-Kolored_Tangerine-Flake_Streamline_Baby" title="The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby">The Kandy-Kolored Tangerine-Flake Streamline Baby</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ol%27_Skool_Rodz" title="Ol' Skool Rodz">Ol' Skool Rodz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_Fink" title="Rat Fink">Rat Fink</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two-Lane_Blacktop" title="Two-Lane Blacktop">Two-Lane Blacktop</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Car_design" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Automobile_configuration" title="Template:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Automobile_configuration" title="Template talk:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Automobile_configuration" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Automobile configuration"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Car_design" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Car" title="Car">Car</a> design</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_classification" title="Car classification">Classification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By size</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microcar" title="Microcar">Micro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kei_car" title="Kei car">Kei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcompact_car" title="Subcompact car">Subcompact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">Supermini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_car" title="Family car">Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_car" title="Compact car">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-size_car" title="Mid-size car">Mid-size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full-size_car" title="Full-size car">Full-size</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Custom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod" title="Hot rod">Hot rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_sled" title="Lead sled">Lead sled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lowrider" title="Lowrider">Lowrider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_rod#1960s_rise_of_the_street_rod" title="Hot rod">Street rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-bucket" title="T-bucket">T-bucket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Luxury_car" title="Luxury car">Luxury</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_executive_car" title="Compact executive car">Compact executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_car" title="Executive car">Executive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_luxury_car" title="Personal luxury car">Personal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minivan" title="Minivan">Minivan / MPV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_MPV" title="Compact MPV">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leisure_activity_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Leisure activity vehicle">Leisure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_MPV" title="Mini MPV">Mini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compact_sport_utility_vehicle" title="Compact sport utility vehicle">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossover_(automobile)" title="Crossover (automobile)">Crossover (CUV)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_SUV" class="mw-redirect" title="Mini SUV">Mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_SUV" title="Coupe SUV">Coupe SUV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sports_car" title="Sports car">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_tourer" title="Grand tourer">Grand tourer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_hatch" title="Hot hatch">Hot hatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muscle_car" title="Muscle car">Muscle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pony_car" title="Pony car">Pony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_compact" title="Sport compact">Sport compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_sedan" title="Sports sedan">Sports sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supercar" title="Supercar">Super</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antique_car" title="Antique car">Antique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classic_car" title="Classic car">Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_car" title="Economy car">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ute_(vehicle)" title="Ute (vehicle)">Ute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van" title="Van">Van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vintage_car" title="Vintage car">Vintage car</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Euro_Car_Segment" title="Euro Car Segment">EU</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A-segment" title="A-segment">A-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B-segment" title="B-segment">B-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-segment" title="C-segment">C-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-segment" title="D-segment">D-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-segment" title="E-segment">E-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-segment" title="F-segment">F-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="J-segment">J-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M-segment" class="mw-redirect" title="M-segment">M-segment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-segment" title="S-segment">S-segment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Car_body_style" title="Car body style">Body styles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2%2B2_(car_body_style)" title="2+2 (car body style)">2+2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baquet_(car_body_style)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baquet (car body style)">Baquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barchetta" title="Barchetta">Barchetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berlinetta" title="Berlinetta">Berlinetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brougham_(car_body)" title="Brougham (car body)">Brougham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrio_coach" title="Cabrio coach">Cabrio coach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cab_over" title="Cab over">Cab over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe">Coupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9_utility" title="Coupé utility">Coupé utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastback" title="Fastback">Fastback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardtop" title="Hardtop">Hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchback" title="Hatchback">Hatchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kammback" title="Kammback">Kammback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landaulet_(car)" title="Landaulet (car)">Landaulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liftback" title="Liftback">Liftback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microvan" title="Microvan">Microvan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minibus" title="Minibus">Minibus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-stop_truck" title="Multi-stop truck">Multi-stop truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notchback" title="Notchback">Notchback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phaeton_body" title="Phaeton body">Phaeton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickup_truck" title="Pickup truck">Pickup truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quad_coup%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad coupé">Quad coupé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convertible" title="Convertible">Retractable hardtop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roadster_(automobile)" class="mw-redirect" title="Roadster (automobile)">Roadster / Spider / Spyder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Runabout_(car)" title="Runabout (car)">Runabout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedan_(automobile)" title="Sedan (automobile)">Saloon / Sedan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_van" title="Panel van">Sedan delivery/Panel van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_brake" title="Shooting brake">Shooting brake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Station_wagon" title="Station wagon">Station wagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Targa_top" title="Targa top">Targa top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torpedo_(car)" title="Torpedo (car)">Torpedo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touring_car" title="Touring car">Touring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupe_de_Ville" class="mw-redirect" title="Coupe de Ville">Town (Coupé de Ville)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T-top" title="T-top">T-top</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vis-%C3%A0-vis_(carriage)" title="Vis-à-vis (carriage)">Vis-à-vis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialized <br />vehicles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All-terrain_vehicle" title="All-terrain vehicle">All-terrain vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibious_vehicle" title="Amphibious vehicle">Amphibious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Connected_car" title="Connected car">Connected</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-driving_car" title="Self-driving car">Driverless (autonomous)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-kart" title="Go-kart">Go-kart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyrocar" title="Gyrocar">Gyrocar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadracycle" title="Quadracycle">Pedal car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_car" title="Police car">Police car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flying_car" title="Flying car">Flying car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">Taxicab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tow_truck" title="Tow truck">Tow truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voiturette" title="Voiturette">Voiturette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ground_propulsion" title="Ground propulsion">Propulsion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_fuel_vehicle" title="Alternative fuel vehicle">Alternative fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autogas" title="Autogas">Autogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodiesel" title="Biodiesel">Biodiesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biofuel" title="Biofuel">Biofuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogasoline" title="Biogasoline">Biogasoline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biogas" title="Biogas">Biogas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compressed_natural_gas" title="Compressed natural gas">Compressed natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diesel_engine" title="Diesel engine">Diesel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electric_vehicle" title="Electric vehicle">Electric</a> (<a href="/wiki/Battery_electric_vehicle" title="Battery electric vehicle">battery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neighborhood_Electric_Vehicle" title="Neighborhood Electric Vehicle">NEV</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_ethanol_fuel_mixtures" title="Common ethanol fuel mixtures">Ethanol</a> (<a href="/wiki/E85" title="E85">E85</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">Fossil fuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_cell" title="Fuel cell">Fuel cell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_gas" title="Fuel gas">Fuel gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_gas" title="Natural gas">Natural gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrol_engine" title="Petrol engine">Gasoline / petrol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gasoline_direct_injection" title="Gasoline direct injection">direct injection</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homogeneous_charge_compression_ignition" title="Homogeneous charge compression ignition">Homogeneous charge compression ignition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicle" title="Hybrid electric vehicle">Hybrid</a> (<a href="/wiki/Plug-in_hybrid" title="Plug-in hybrid">plug-in</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_vehicle" title="Hydrogen vehicle">Hydrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">Internal combustion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquid_nitrogen_engine" title="Liquid nitrogen engine">Liquid nitrogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liquified_petroleum_gas" class="mw-redirect" title="Liquified petroleum gas">Liquified petroleum gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_car" title="Steam car">Steam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drive_wheel" title="Drive wheel">Drive wheels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-wheel_drive" title="Front-wheel drive">Front-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout#Rear_wheel_drive_layouts" title="Powertrain layout">Rear-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-wheel_drive" title="Two-wheel drive">Two-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-wheel_drive" title="Four-wheel drive">Four-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-wheel_drive" title="Six-wheel drive">Six-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eight-wheel_drive" title="Eight-wheel drive">Eight-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ten-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten-wheel drive">Ten-wheel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve-wheel_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Twelve-wheel drive">Twelve-wheel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Engine position</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine_design" title="Front-engine design">Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mid-engine_design" title="Mid-engine design">Mid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rear-engine_design" title="Rear-engine design">Rear</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Powertrain_layout" title="Powertrain layout">Layout</a> <br /><span class="nobold">(engine / drive)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-mid-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-mid-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Front mid-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_front-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, front-wheel-drive layout">Rear-front</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Front-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear_mid-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear mid-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_rear-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout">Rear-rear</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Front-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Front-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Front-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Mid-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Mid-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Mid-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Rear-engine,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Rear-engine, four-wheel-drive layout">Rear-four-wheel</a> </li> <li> <a href="/wiki/Dual-motor,_four-wheel-drive_layout" title="Dual-motor, four-wheel-drive layout">Dual motor-four-wheel</a> </li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Engine_configuration" title="Engine configuration">Engine configuration</a><br /><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion</a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_engine" title="Flat engine">Flat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four-stroke_engine" title="Four-stroke engine">Four-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H_engine" title="H engine">H-block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocating_engine" title="Reciprocating engine">Reciprocating</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-cylinder_engine" title="Single-cylinder engine">Single-cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_engine" title="Straight engine">Straight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-stroke_engine" title="Two-stroke engine">Two-stroke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V_engine" title="V engine">V (Vee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W_engine" title="W engine">W engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wankel_engine" title="Wankel engine">Wankel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cars" title="Portal:Cars">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cars" title="Category:Cars">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:EC_car_classification" title="Template:EC car classification">Template:EC car classification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146195#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4140061-6">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Automobiles--Customizing"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85010235">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976581z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11976581z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007295840605171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&oldid=1262166515">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&oldid=1262166515</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Modified_vehicles" title="Category:Modified vehicles">Modified vehicles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_technologies" title="Category:Automotive technologies">Automotive technologies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:DIY_culture" title="Category:DIY culture">DIY culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Automotive_styling_features" title="Category:Automotive styling features">Automotive styling features</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Visual_arts_media" title="Category:Visual arts media">Visual arts media</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Norwegian-language_sources_(no)" title="Category:CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)">CS1 Norwegian-language sources (no)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2024" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2024">Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from February 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_September_2023" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from September 2023">Articles with dead external links from September 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_July_2008" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from July 2008">Articles needing additional references from July 2008</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_that_may_contain_original_research_from_February_2019" title="Category:Articles that may contain original research from February 2019">Articles that may contain original research from February 2019</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_that_may_contain_original_research" title="Category:All articles that may contain original research">All articles that may contain original research</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_multiple_maintenance_issues" title="Category:Articles with multiple maintenance issues">Articles with multiple maintenance issues</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 9 December 2024, at 23:33<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Custom_car&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-65766dc7f8-w6j9r","wgBackendResponseTime":134,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.708","walltime":"0.899","ppvisitednodes":{"value":2950,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":123367,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":11130,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":19,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":14,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":134394,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 729.602 1 -total"," 36.38% 265.444 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.07% 124.546 3 Template:Navbox"," 14.03% 102.370 3 Template:Cite_book"," 13.92% 101.563 1 Template:Kustom_Kulture"," 12.76% 93.061 1 Template:Multiple_issues"," 7.92% 57.793 16 Template:Cite_web"," 7.44% 54.315 1 Template:More_citations_needed"," 7.34% 53.523 2 Template:Ambox"," 5.97% 43.537 1 Template:Short_description"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.392","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7090145,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-ext.codfw.main-c78f7774c-fffbp","timestamp":"20241209233312","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Custom car","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Custom_car","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1146195","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1146195","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-06-20T03:31:04Z","dateModified":"2024-12-09T23:33:11Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f2\/NHRA_Museum.jpg","headline":"passenger vehicle that has been substantially altered in its appearance"}</script> </body> </html>