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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Bill Cushenbery</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1933-03-22</span>)</span>March 22, 1933<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 12, 1998<span style="display:none">(1998-12-12)</span> (aged 65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Kern_City,_Bakersfield,_California" title="Kern City, Bakersfield, California">Kern City, California</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Car builder and <a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="Custom car">customizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">model kit</a> designer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="white-space:nowrap;">Notable work</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silhouette_(show_rod)" title="Silhouette (show rod)"><i>Silhouette</i></a> (1962)</li><li>Car Craft Dream Rod (1963)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Batmobile#Batman_(1960s_film/television_series)" title="Batmobile"><i>Batmobile</i></a> (1966)</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bill Cushenbery</b> (March 22, 1933 – December 12, 1998) was an American car <a href="/wiki/Custom_car" title="Custom car">customizer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Show_car" title="Show car">show car</a> builder, and <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">model kit</a> designer. Cushenbery was a major influence on the look of custom cars and the customizing industry in general.<sup id="cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hr-apr2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to building his own designs, he is noted for having helped <a href="/wiki/George_Barris_(auto_customizer)" title="George Barris (auto customizer)">George Barris</a> create the <a href="/wiki/Batmobile#Batman_(1960s_film/television_series)" title="Batmobile"><i>Batmobile</i></a> car featured in the 1966–1968 <i><a href="/wiki/Batman_(TV_series)" title="Batman (TV series)">Batman</a></i> television series. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cushenbery worked in autobody repair shops to learn to do bodywork.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several members of his family were already in the trade and helped train him, but Cushenbery wanted to build new instead of repair damage.<sup id="cite_ref-pc-jan1966_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-jan1966-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cushenbery started customizing cars in 1947, in a small shop set up in the back of his parents' house behind a <a href="/wiki/Filling_station" title="Filling station">service station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Wichita,_Kansas" title="Wichita, Kansas">Wichita, Kansas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first custom was a 1948 <a href="/wiki/Frazer_(automobile)" title="Frazer (automobile)">Frazer</a> <a href="/wiki/Coupe" title="Coupe">coupe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cushenbery soon established his own business called the <i>Kansas Kustom Shop</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At first, his <a href="/wiki/Automobile_repair_shop" title="Automobile repair shop">body shop</a> did work paid for by insurance companies, as well as some mild custom work.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time Darryl Starbird's Star Kustom Shop was also in Wichita. </p><p>After visiting California, Cushenbery returned to Wichita just long enough to get married, and then relocated to <a href="/wiki/Monterey,_California" title="Monterey, California">Monterey, California</a> in 1954.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hr-apr2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked at a <a href="/wiki/Cadillac" title="Cadillac">Cadillac</a> dealership for about one year, while also picking up work from a local car club.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1960s, model car maker <a href="/wiki/Aluminum_Model_Toys" title="Aluminum Model Toys">AMT</a> created the Custom Car Caravan. AMT Vice President George Toteff and AMT Representative Budd Anderson worked with George Barris to create the Caravan as a way to promote car culture and AMT products in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-barrisbook_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barrisbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">: 10 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hr-apr2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly after that first Caravan, Jacques Passino, the director of <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>’s Special Products Division, became involved and rebranded the show as the Ford Custom Car Caravan for 1963. While the first Ford Caravan focused mainly on cars developed by the company in house, in subsequent years many independent customizers were included, with Cushenbery being among the first invited to develop a car for the show.<sup id="cite_ref-lariveebook_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lariveebook-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cushenbery's ties to AMT extended to developing <a href="/wiki/Scale_model" title="Scale model">model kits</a> of his designs for sale.<sup id="cite_ref-gosson_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gosson-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1965, Cushenbery relocated his shop to <a href="/wiki/Burbank,_California" title="Burbank, California">Burbank, California</a>, just blocks from Barris' <a href="/wiki/North_Hollywood,_Los_Angeles" title="North Hollywood, Los Angeles">North Hollywood</a> location.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his time there, he incorporated his business to raise money to finish some projects, but wound up losing control of the shop to his other partners and walking away from Burbank. He opened a new shop in Bakersfield in 1974. </p><p>By 1966, the public had lost its taste for radical customs, so Cushenbery turned his attention to restoration work and to repairs for high-end imports.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He customized a number of Porsches, and a <a href="/wiki/De_Tomaso_Pantera" title="De Tomaso Pantera">De Tomaso Pantera</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He worked on <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Dual-Ghia" title="Dual-Ghia">Dual-Ghia</a> and worked with <a href="/wiki/Steve_McQueen" title="Steve McQueen">Steve McQueen</a> on the cars for the <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans_(film)" title="Le Mans (film)">Le Mans</a> film, developing camera mounts and specialized body panels.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became well known as a restorer of <a href="/wiki/Mercedes-Benz_300_SL" title="Mercedes-Benz 300 SL">Mercedes-Benz 300 SLs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pc-jan1966_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-jan1966-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Show_cars_and_noteworthy_customs">Show cars and noteworthy customs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Show cars and noteworthy customs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="El_Matador">El Matador</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: El Matador"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/El_Matador_(custom_car)" title="El Matador (custom car)">El Matador (custom car)</a></div> <p>In late 1959, Cushenbery began work on his first show car, <i>El Matador</i>, as a rolling advertisement.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although often mistaken for a 1940 Ford, <i>El Matador</i> started life as a 1939 model and debuted in February 1961 at the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Roadster_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland Roadster Show">Oakland Roadster Show</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the period when Cushenbery was tied to Ford, the original 303 cu in (5.0 L) <a href="/wiki/Oldsmobile_V8_engine#303" title="Oldsmobile V8 engine">Oldsmobile Rocket V8</a> was replaced with a Ford engine.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Les_Popo">Les Popo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Les Popo"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cushenbery was just one of the customizers involved in building this 1940 Ford Coupe for Bob Crespo. Completed in the late 1950s, the coupe's body was sectioned by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hal_Hutchins&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hal Hutchins (page does not exist)">Hal Hutchins</a>, with some additional restyling done by Cushenbery. Barris built the hood, frenched in the grille, and installed the canted quad headlamps.<sup id="cite_ref-ccc-dec2015_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ccc-dec2015-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kr-lespopo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kr-lespopo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exodus">Exodus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Exodus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Exodus_(custom_car)" title="Exodus (custom car)">Exodus (custom car)</a></div> <p><i>Exodus</i> was a <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Impala#Second_generation_(1959–1960)" title="Chevrolet Impala">1959 Chevrolet Impala</a> that Cushenbery built for Tony Cardoza. Every body panel on this car was altered in some way, setting a new trend in customizing.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Exodus</i> was completed in 1961 and shown at the 1961 Monterey Kar Kapades.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Limelighter">Limelighter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Limelighter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Limelighter</i> was a 1958 Impala built by Cushenbery in 1964 for Frank Gould of <a href="/wiki/Hollister,_California" title="Hollister, California">Hollister, California</a>. The car's front and rear were extensively reshaped, and the pan was rolled. Inside, the stock dashboard was replaced by a section of wing strut and two instrument pods from a 1950s era Nash, and a custom console was added.<sup id="cite_ref-hsw-limelighter_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hsw-limelighter-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bud Millard acquired the car in 1998 and made plans for the original builder to restore the car himself, but Cushenbery died before he could start. <i>Limelighter</i> was then sent to OZ Kustoms, who restored the car and made other changes, including chopping an additional 2 in (51 mm) out of the roof height and replacing the engine and transmission with a 1996 vintage 350 cu in (5.7 L) <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_small-block_engine" title="Chevrolet small-block engine">Chevrolet small-block engine</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Turbo-Hydramatic#THM700R4_/_4L60_/_4L60E_/_4L65E_/_4L70E" title="Turbo-Hydramatic">700R automatic transmission</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-smscc-limelighter_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-smscc-limelighter-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silhouette">Silhouette</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Silhouette"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Silhouette_(show_rod)" title="Silhouette (show rod)">Silhouette (show rod)</a></div> <p>In 1962, Cushenbery collaborated with artist Don Varner to create <i>Silhouette</i>, his first show car not based on a production body. Starting with a shortened 1956 Buick chassis, he hand-hammered the body from 20 <a href="/wiki/Sheet_metal#Gauge" title="Sheet metal">gauge</a> steel and topped it with a front-hinged bubble canopy supplied by Acry Plastics.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Originally, power came from a <a href="/wiki/Buick_V8_engine#Buick_"Nailhead"_V8_(first_generation))" title="Buick V8 engine">Buick Nailhead V8</a> that was later fitted with <a href="/wiki/Stuart_Hilborn" title="Stuart Hilborn">Hilborn</a> <a href="/wiki/Fuel_injection" title="Fuel injection">fuel injection</a>. By the time the car appeared in Ford's Custom Car Caravan, the Buick engine had been swapped out for a 427 cu in (7.0 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_FE_engine" title="Ford FE engine">Ford FE engine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pc-jan1966_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-jan1966-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kr-silhouette_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kr-silhouette-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tpp-phantom_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tpp-phantom-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Silhouette</i> made extensive use of electric controls on the dash or hidden in the car's trim for things like raising and lowering the bubble top, opening the hood and trunk, starting the engine, the lights, and running the blower fans.<sup id="cite_ref-pc-jan1966_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-jan1966-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Silhouette</i> debuted at the 1963 Oakland Roadster Show and won the Tournament of Frame, earning Cushenbery his first Master Builder Award and a trip to Paris, France.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hr-apr2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Silhouette</i> was mistakenly sold to a bodyshop in North Hollywood, then later bought by a friend of Cushenbery's who had plans to restore it. The partially disassembled car was on a trailer when the car and trailer together were stolen.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Car_Craft_Dream_Rod">Car Craft Dream Rod</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Car Craft Dream Rod"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the early 1960s, the supply of original Model T, Model A, and '32 Fords that Hot Rodders had traditionally based their street rods on was dwindling.<sup id="cite_ref-kr-dreamrod_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kr-dreamrod-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their October 1961 issue, <a href="/wiki/Car_Craft" title="Car Craft">Car Craft</a> magazine published an article that suggested how the hobby and the cars could adapt to the changing times. In 1963, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rob_Larivee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rob Larivee (page does not exist)">Rob Larivee</a>, of Promotions Inc., contracted Cushenbery to build a car based on the suggestions in that article. Larivee retained ownership of the car, but allowed Car Craft to use their name on it.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The car was built on a <a href="/wiki/Jowett_Jupiter" title="Jowett Jupiter">Jowett Jupiter</a> chassis. Front suspension was a transverse torsion leaf and trailing arm system from a Volkswagen Beetle. Powering the car was a 289 cu in (4.7 L) <a href="/wiki/Ford_small_block_engine" title="Ford small block engine">Ford Windsor V8</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kr-dreamrod_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kr-dreamrod-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Body panels came from a variety of sources, using doors and front fenders from a 1960 Pontiac, upper rear quarter panels from a 1960 <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Corvair" title="Chevrolet Corvair">Chevrolet Corvair</a>, a windshield and roof from a 1953 Studebaker, and a rear window from a 1957 <a href="/wiki/Borgward_Isabella" title="Borgward Isabella">Borgward Isabella</a> sedan. The car's body style was strikingly asymmetric. Like <i>Silhouette</i>, the <i>Dream Rod</i> made extensive use of electric assists, but went one step further by adding a remote radio control panel to operate the accessories.<sup id="cite_ref-pc-jan1966_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-jan1966-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Car Craft Dream Rod</i> was completed in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-kr-dreamrod_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kr-dreamrod-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>AMT issued a 1/25 scale model of the <i>Dream Rod</i>. </p><p>In 1966, the <i>Dream Rod</i> was sold to the International Show Car Association (ISCA), who commissioned a restyling of the car and renamed the result the <i>Tiger Shark</i>. Among the changes made were the addition of a hood scoop, closing of the roof scoops, lengthening the rear by 6 in (152 mm), and elimination of the trunk lid.<sup id="cite_ref-kr-dreamrod_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kr-dreamrod-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-behance-dreamrod_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-behance-dreamrod-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Tiger Shark</i> was itself the basis for a 1/25 scale model, this time issued by <a href="/wiki/Model_Products_Corporation" title="Model Products Corporation">MPC</a>. A 1/64 scale Hot Wheels version was issued that was named the <i>Cheetah</i> during development, but this was changed to <i>Python</i> after the first few were produced.<sup id="cite_ref-cd-dec2019_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cd-dec2019-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005 Mark Moriarity bought the car from its owner in Milwaukee and began to methodically undo the changes that had been made to convert it into <i>Tiger Shark</i>, restoring the car to its original <i>Car Craft Dream Rod</i> configuration.<sup id="cite_ref-behance-dreamrod_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-behance-dreamrod-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Silhouette_II_Space_Coupe">Silhouette II Space Coupe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Silhouette II Space Coupe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cushenbery started work on another bubble car, originally called the <i>Scorpion</i>, in 1963.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-scc-story_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scc-story-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hemmings-oct2017_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hemmings-oct2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-osr-jan2009_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osr-jan2009-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later changed the name to <i>Silhouette II Space Coupe</i>. </p><p>Major components for the car were sourced from a 1961 or 1962 Corvair, including the air-cooled <a href="/wiki/Chevrolet_Turbo-Air_6_engine" title="Chevrolet Turbo-Air 6 engine">Chevrolet Turbo-Air 6 engine</a>, transmission, and front and rear suspension.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-osr-jan2009_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osr-jan2009-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The engine was later upgraded to a 1965 model displacing 164 cu in (2.7 L) and producing 140 hp (104.4 kW).<sup id="cite_ref-hemmings-oct2017_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hemmings-oct2017-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cushenbery built a custom chassis with a dropped center section. The body was formed in 0.050 in (1 mm) half-hard aluminum.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Work had started on the car in Cushenbery's Monterey shop, and the unfinished car had moved with him to Burbank. When Cushenbery lost control of that shop, he took some critical parts of the car with him but lost track of the rest, and the car essentially vanished.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Silhouette II Space Coupe</i> was rediscovered on 30 April, 1999, by Carl Green. It was put on temporary display at Darryl Starbird's Rod and Custom Hall of Fame Museum prior to the start of its full restoration.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-nov1999_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-nov1999-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Original blueprints for the car were found at the home of Cushenbery's daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-osr-jan2009_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osr-jan2009-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work on the car did not start in earnest until 2007, when in December of that year a new bubble top was blown for the car. Bodywork for the car was to be handled by Willie Newman from New Zealand and interior work by "Little John" Englehardt, while a period-correct powertrain was built by Jeff Williams of California Corvairs.<sup id="cite_ref-osr-jan2009_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-osr-jan2009-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Marquis">Marquis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Marquis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Marquis_(custom_car)" title="Marquis (custom car)">Marquis (custom car)</a></div> <p>In 1963, Cushenbery began work on <i>Marquis</i> for Gene Boucher, a project which took two and a half years to complete.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The car incorporated an asymmetric body line in the raised peak down the hood.<sup id="cite_ref-pc-jan1966_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-jan1966-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Paint was done by Don Mathews and the <a href="/wiki/Naugahyde" title="Naugahyde">Naugahyde</a> interior by Bill Manger.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Astro">The Astro</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: The Astro"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The Astro</i> was a customized 1963 <a href="/wiki/Ford_Galaxie#1960–1964" title="Ford Galaxie">Ford Galaxie</a> that Cushenbery designed and built for the Ford Custom Car Caravan. Cushenbery started with a convertible body, and added a <a href="/wiki/Landau_(automobile)" title="Landau (automobile)">landau</a> half-roof covered in white vinyl and a removable center panel. He also replicated the Ford's jet-inspired round taillamp treatment on the front of the car, stacking dual Lucas headlamps in circular surrounds with a horizontal dividing bar on each side.<sup id="cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hr-apr2015-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The grille was blacked out except for a single horizontal bar with the Ford emblem in the middle.<sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-barrisbook_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-barrisbook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 71">: 71 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Batmobile">The Batmobile</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: The Batmobile"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1960s_Batmobile_(FMC).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/1960s_Batmobile_%28FMC%29.jpg/220px-1960s_Batmobile_%28FMC%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/1960s_Batmobile_%28FMC%29.jpg/330px-1960s_Batmobile_%28FMC%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/1960s_Batmobile_%28FMC%29.jpg/440px-1960s_Batmobile_%28FMC%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Batmobile</i> in 2003</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Batmobile#Batman_(1960s_film/television_series)" title="Batmobile">Batmobile § Batman (1960s film/television series)</a></div> <p>In October 1965, Barris hired Cushenbery to do the metalwork that would turn the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Futura" title="Lincoln Futura">Lincoln Futura</a> concept car into the <i>Batmobile</i> car featured in the 1960s <i>Batman</i> television series. The original contract specified a list of modifications required by the studio.<sup id="cite_ref-66bat-contract_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66bat-contract-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conversion was completed in three weeks at a cost of US$30,000.<sup id="cite_ref-tw-may2015_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tw-may2015-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-tvn-mar2016_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvn-mar2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>Batmobile</i> appeared in a network presentation reel, then was leased to <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox Television">20th Century Fox Television</a> and Greenway Productions for the series.<sup id="cite_ref-tvn-mar2016_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tvn-mar2016-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_Gypsy">The Gypsy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: The Gypsy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cushenbery designed a <a href="/wiki/Dune_buggy" title="Dune buggy">dune buggy</a> called <i>The Gypsy</i>. Departing from traditional dune buggy styling, <i>The Gypsy</i> was a sportier, more street-oriented design with an all-aluminum body and an engine from a <a href="/wiki/Porsche_912" title="Porsche 912">Porsche 912</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-halebook_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-halebook-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It did not appear on the show car circuit, but was the basis for a model kit from <a href="/wiki/Revell" title="Revell">Revell</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-sr-gypsy_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sr-gypsy-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cushenbery kept <i>The Gypsy</i> himself, intending to put fiberglass replicas into production, but never did.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mauldin_1998_4-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mauldin_1998-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surfin'_Bird"><span id="Surfin.27_Bird"></span>Surfin' Bird</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Surfin' Bird"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bill_Cushenbery_KHJ_Surfin%27Bird.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_Cushenbery_KHJ_Surfin%27Bird.jpg/220px-Bill_Cushenbery_KHJ_Surfin%27Bird.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_Cushenbery_KHJ_Surfin%27Bird.jpg/330px-Bill_Cushenbery_KHJ_Surfin%27Bird.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Bill_Cushenbery_KHJ_Surfin%27Bird.jpg/440px-Bill_Cushenbery_KHJ_Surfin%27Bird.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2925" data-file-height="3756" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the last custom cars done by Cushenbery was <i>Surfin' Bird</i>; a modified <a href="/wiki/Ford_Thunderbird_(first_generation)#1956" title="Ford Thunderbird (first generation)">1956 Ford Thunderbird</a> given away by 93/<a href="/wiki/KHJ_(AM)#"Boss_Radio"" title="KHJ (AM)">KHJ Boss Radio</a> as part of the station's 'Summer of the Big Kahuna' promotion.<sup id="cite_ref-jacobsbook_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jacobsbook-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cushenbery was contracted to build <i>Surfin' Bird</i> with a budget of $5,000 and a tight completion deadline. Boss radio ran multiple promotional spots for the contest, several of which include background grinder noise to simulate being in a working body shop while the "Big Kahuna", as portrayed by Chris Varez, asks Cushenbery to add features to the car. These may be the only known audio recordings of Bill Cushenbery's voice.<sup id="cite_ref-ksb-history_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksb-history-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WorldOnWheels.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/WorldOnWheels.jpg/220px-WorldOnWheels.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/WorldOnWheels.jpg/330px-WorldOnWheels.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/WorldOnWheels.jpg/440px-WorldOnWheels.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2848" data-file-height="2963" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><i>Surfin' Bird</i> was displayed at "A World On Wheels", an auto show held at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena, on 7 August 1966, and was given away one day later on 8 August on KHJ-TV. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bill married Anna Loretta Head in 1953, and had one daughter in 1954. </p><p>Bill was later married to Tanis Cushenbery (nee McAllister). They had two children. </p><p>Away from cars and customizing, he built and flew F1B rubber-powered free flight model aircraft.<sup id="cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hr-apr2015-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hr-apr2015_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFShelton2015" class="citation web cs1">Shelton, Chris (April 16, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hotrod.com/articles/the-kings-of-late-custom-car-golden-age/">"The Kings of the Late Custom-Car Golden Age"</a>. <i>Hot Rod</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hot+Rod&rft.atitle=The+Kings+of+the+Late+Custom-Car+Golden+Age&rft.date=2015-04-16&rft.aulast=Shelton&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hotrod.com%2Farticles%2Fthe-kings-of-late-custom-car-golden-age%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Cushenbery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cr-may1997-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cr-may1997_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> 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July 12, 2000.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.showrods.com&rft.atitle=Gypsy+Dune+Buggy&rft.date=2000-07-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.showrods.com%2Fshowrod_pages%2Fgypsy_dune.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Cushenbery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jacobsbook-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-jacobsbook_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobs2002" class="citation book cs1">Jacobs, Ron (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://worldradiohistory.com/Archive-Ratings/KHJ-Ron-Jacobs.pdf"><i>KHJ: Inside Boss Radio</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Magic Broadcasting Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-578-06379-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-578-06379-9"><bdi>978-0-578-06379-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=KHJ%3A+Inside+Boss+Radio&rft.pub=Magic+Broadcasting+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-578-06379-9&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldradiohistory.com%2FArchive-Ratings%2FKHJ-Ron-Jacobs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Cushenbery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ksb-history-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ksb-history_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thesurfinbird.weebly.com/history.html">"History of the Bill Cushenbery built KHJ Surfin' Bird"</a>. <i>thesurfinbird.weebly.com</i>. April 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thesurfinbird.weebly.com&rft.atitle=History+of+the+Bill+Cushenbery+built+KHJ+Surfin%27+Bird&rft.date=2020-04-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthesurfinbird.weebly.com%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Cushenbery" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bill_Cushenbery&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKvipt2021" class="citation web cs1">Kvipt, Sondre (March 14, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kustomrama.com/wiki/Bill_Cushenbery">"Bill Cushenbery"</a>. <i>Kustomrama</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kustomrama&rft.atitle=Bill+Cushenbery&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft.aulast=Kvipt&rft.aufirst=Sondre&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkustomrama.com%2Fwiki%2FBill_Cushenbery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Cushenbery" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thesurfinbird.com">"KHJ SURFIN' BIRD - Home of the Bill Cushenbery built KHJ Surfin' Bird"</a>. <i>thesurfinbird.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=thesurfinbird.com&rft.atitle=KHJ+SURFIN%27+BIRD+-+Home+of+the+Bill+Cushenbery+built+KHJ+Surfin%27+Bird&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthesurfinbird.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABill+Cushenbery" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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