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"https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F40816269%2FEducational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals%3Fauto%3Ddownload"; window.loswp.translateUrl = "https://www.academia.edu/login?post_login_redirect_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F40816269%2FEducational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals%3Fshow_translation%3Dtrue"; window.loswp.previewableAttachments = [{"id":61098714,"identifier":"Attachment_61098714","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":40816269,"created_at":"2019-11-02T00:04:48.639-07:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2024-11-14T01:11:50.581-08:00","_data":{"grobid_abstract":"Education as a means of advancement of capacity, well -being and opportunity is uncontested and more so among communities on the periphery. In India, marked improvements in access and to some extent in quality of education in tribal areas have occurred and stem from various government and non-government initiatives. However, the number of out-of-school children continues to be several millions mainly due to lack of proper infrastructure, teacher absenteeism and attitude, parental poverty, seasonal migration, lack of interest and parental motivation etc. The scenario of tribal education is no way different than other states in Jammu and Kashmir. In Jammu \u0026 Kashmir the overall literacy rate of the Scheduled tribes as per the census 2001 is 3.7percent which is much lower than the national average of 47.1percent aggregated for all S.Ts. Though various efforts have been made by the government for the development of education among tribal communities but much more still needs to do. In this paper an attempt has been made to explore the existing educational status of two prominent tribal communities of Jammu and Kashmir-Gujjars and Bakarwals. The study has been conducted in five tribal villages of district Anantnag. 124 households were selected with the help of stratified sampling for the survey. The study apart from presenting the existing educational status of Gujjars and Bakarwals in the area also provides suitable recommendations for the development of education among these tribal communities.","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":"61098714"},"document_type":"other","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu \u0026 Kashmir: A Case of Gujjars and Bakarwals","broadcastable":true,"draft":null,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [88611589]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "control"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":61098714,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu & Kashmir: A Case of Gujjars and Bakarwals”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/61098714/mini_magick20220703-3879-d02ooy.png?1656847972" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu & Kashmir: A Case of Gujjars and Bakarwals</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="88611589" href="https://smriti.academia.edu/anzar"><img alt="Profile image of Anzar Bhatti" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/88611589/20281008/19987809/s65_anzar.bhatti.jpg" />Anzar Bhatti</a></div><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":61098714,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/40816269/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":61098714,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/40816269/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="61098714" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/40816269/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="110335470" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/110335470/Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_amp_Kashmir_A_Case_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwals">Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu &amp; 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The gujjars are primarily nomads who move fromplains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate of Gujjar and Bakkarwals is quite low. There are a number of educational provisions for migratory Gujjar-Bakkarwal populations in the form of stationary and permanent government schools at different places all over the state. But at the summer locations where the good numbers of nomadic children are available who move there with their parents, the educational facilities are again very less. For the education of the children of the nomadic populations of Gujjar and Bakkarwals, ‘Seasonal Educational Schools’ have been set up where the teachers do not accompany the nomadic children but continue to remain at the temporary camps of the nomads and provide educati...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Educational Status of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir: A Case Study of Gujjars and Bakarwalls in District Pulwama”","attachmentId":82178409,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/73796022/_Educational_Status_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_Case_Study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakarwalls_in_District_Pulwama_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="28854394" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/28854394/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_Bakkarwal_children_of_Kalakote_Block_in_Rajouri_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir">A study of educational status of tribal Bakkarwal children of Kalakote Block in Rajouri District of Jammu and Kashmir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="273840" href="https://jammuuniversity.academia.edu/DrKavitaSuri">Prof. (Dr.) Kavita Suri</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Gujjar and Bakkarwals are the twin nomadic community of Jammu and Kashmir who have been granted Scheduled Tribe (ST) status due to their backwardness. The Bakkarwals are primarily nomads who move from plains to the higher altitudes with their flock as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. The literacy rate among the Bakkarwal community is quite low in comparison to other 12 ST communities in the state. The present paper focuses on the status of education among the nomadic Bakkarwal children in Kakalote block of border district of Rajouri. The study aims to explore the reasons behind educational backwardness among Bakkarwal tribes, if any. Besides it also seeks to find out the measures taken by the Jammu and Kashmir government to provide education to nomads/Bakkarwal tribes.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A study of educational status of tribal Bakkarwal children of Kalakote Block in Rajouri District of Jammu and Kashmir","attachmentId":49274600,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/28854394/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_Bakkarwal_children_of_Kalakote_Block_in_Rajouri_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/28854394/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_Bakkarwal_children_of_Kalakote_Block_in_Rajouri_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="9597823" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/9597823/Educational_Development_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir">Educational Development of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5262366" href="https://independent.academia.edu/AzadAndrabi">Azad Andrabi</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Educational Development of Tribals of Jammu and Kashmir","attachmentId":35806925,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/9597823/Educational_Development_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/9597823/Educational_Development_of_Tribals_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="36434722" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36434722/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_gujjars_of_Vijaypur_Block_in_Samba_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir">A study of educational status of tribal gujjars of Vijaypur Block in Samba District of Jammu and Kashmir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="28275537" href="https://independent.academia.edu/EuroAsiaInternationalJournal">Euro Asia International Journals</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT Jammu and Kashmir is a habitat to quite a number of tribal communities, who have settled down in every nook and corner of this hilly countryside. The tribal people and their places, the tribals and their customs, their cultures, their means of communication, or simply their culinary arts, makes the tribes of J&K stand out from the rest of Indian tribesmen. Gujjar and Bakarwals are two nomadic tribes of Jammu and Kashmir who have been given Scheduled Tribe (ST) status due to their migratory and backward nature. The gujjars are primarily nomads who move from plains to the higher altitudes with their cattles as part of their annual season journeys with their livestock. Gujjars and Bakerwals are two names of one tribe popularly known as Gujjars in Indian sub-continent. Gujjars form an important ethnic and linguistic group in Jammu and Kashmir and constitute 20 percent of total population of the State scattered in all districts of the J&K state. Gujjars and Bakarwals who are mainly Muslims carry with itself the age old traditions and customs of prehistoric time. Most of them are still untouched with the influence of the outside world. The literacy rate among the gujjars community is low in comparison to other twelve scheduled tribe communities in the state. Education will determine their prosperity, success and security in life. The tribes which remain either deprived of or negligent toward education will suffer the consequence. The commissioner for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes asserts that unless exploitation among the tribals is combated and eliminated through education, no improvement in tribal welfare will occur. The present paper stresses on the status of education among the nomadic gujjars of Vijaypur block in Samba district. It also seeks to find out the measures taken by the Jammu and Kashmir government to provide education to tribal gujjars. Keywords: Gujjars, Education, Tribal, Jammu and Kashmir.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"A study of educational status of tribal gujjars of Vijaypur Block in Samba District of Jammu and Kashmir","attachmentId":56347935,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36434722/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_gujjars_of_Vijaypur_Block_in_Samba_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36434722/A_study_of_educational_status_of_tribal_gujjars_of_Vijaypur_Block_in_Samba_District_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="44255286" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255286/Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_case_study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakerwals_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi">Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir -A case study of Gujjars and Bakerwals- By Dr. Javaid Rahi</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="94470568" href="https://independent.academia.edu/DrJavaidRahi">Dr. Javaid Rahi</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Low Literacy rate among tribes Despite government continuous efforts to encourage education among the Scheduled Tribes groups , the literacy rates of some of the Tribal communities of Jammu and Kashmir especially the Gujjars and Bakerwals is extremely low as compared to the national and average, as said in the census data. The literacy rate in India , as per Census 2011, is 73 percent and for STs at the national level, it is 59 percent only . But in J&K only 50 percent tribal are shown literate. The main reasons of the low literacy among tribes are poverty, conflict, topography and superstitions. The female literacy rate extremely lower as compared to the national average.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir -A case study of Gujjars and Bakerwals- By Dr. Javaid Rahi","attachmentId":64629201,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/44255286/Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_case_study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakerwals_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/44255286/Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_A_case_study_of_Gujjars_and_Bakerwals_By_Dr_Javaid_Rahi"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="36775183" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36775183/THE_INTERNATIONAL_JOURNAL_OF_HUMANITIES_and_SOCIAL_STUDIES_Socio_Economic_and_Educational_Status_of_Tribal_Gujjar_and_Bakarwal_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Overview">THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES Socio-Economic and Educational Status of Tribal (Gujjar and Bakarwal) of Jammu and Kashmir: An Overview</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="55046958" href="https://amu-in.academia.edu/IsrarAhmed">Israr Ahmed</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Gujjar and Bakarwal are the third largest ethnic group in Jammu and Kashmir constitute more than 11.9% of the total population of the state (Census, 2011); scheduled tribe is the only community in the state which maintain its culture and heritage throughout the ages. Various studies and reports indicate that socio-economic and educational status of Gujjar and Bakarwal in Jammu and Kashmir is not at all satisfactory. In this paper an attempt was made to examine the socio-economic and educational life of tribal in general and Gujjar and Bakarwal in particular. This paper is based on secondary sources i.e. population census of India 2001 and 2011, various Journals, Articles, Books and Reports etc. Results have indicated that literacy rate among the Gujjars was 31.65 % and Bakarwals was 22.51% with a total 55.52% of the General population of the state as per 2001 census.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES \u0026 SOCIAL STUDIES Socio-Economic and Educational Status of Tribal (Gujjar and Bakarwal) of Jammu and Kashmir: An Overview","attachmentId":56722789,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36775183/THE_INTERNATIONAL_JOURNAL_OF_HUMANITIES_and_SOCIAL_STUDIES_Socio_Economic_and_Educational_Status_of_Tribal_Gujjar_and_Bakarwal_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Overview","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36775183/THE_INTERNATIONAL_JOURNAL_OF_HUMANITIES_and_SOCIAL_STUDIES_Socio_Economic_and_Educational_Status_of_Tribal_Gujjar_and_Bakarwal_of_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Overview"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="41190309" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/41190309/Dynamics_of_Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir">Dynamics of Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="78188407" href="https://kincaidjasmallplace-libre.academia.edu/PremkumarA">A. Premkumar</a><span>, </span><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10030968" href="https://nandanamcollege.academia.edu/ArunSamy">Arun Samy</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Scheduled Tribes of Jammu and Kashmir: Issues & Challenges, Studium Press, New Delhi, 2019</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The issue of equity in education mainly affects disadvantaged groups like Scheduled Castes/ Scheduled Tribes and as far as Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) is concerned, tribal literacy rate is much less than the state's total literacy level. This indicates that educational status of tribes is a matter of grave concern in this state. The paper exclusively examines tribal literacy rate, gross enrolment ratio, dropout ratio and gender parity index for the state of J&K. The study also examines the releases of grant-in-aid and number of beneficiaries under the scheme of post-matric and pre-matric scholarship for ST students. Further, the study throws light on number of Eklavya Model Residential Schools (EMRS) sanctioned and funds approved for the state under consideration. This study mainly relies on various census and scheduled tribes' annual reports. The present study found out that the gap between the literacy rates of the general population and tribal population in the state is higher than all India average. Further, Gross Enrolment Ratio of J&K tribal students compares unfavorably with the all India level. In case of tribal dropout rate of girls, it is higher than boys for both primary and elementary level of education. In</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Dynamics of Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir","attachmentId":61430131,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/41190309/Dynamics_of_Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/41190309/Dynamics_of_Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="71900645" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/71900645/Myths_and_Realities_of_Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Exploratory_Study">Myths and Realities of Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir: An Exploratory Study</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2891647" href="https://jkhighereducation.academia.edu/DrShowkeenBilal">Dr Showkeen Bilal</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2006</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Education is the key to developmental process and also influences demographic behaviour. Jammu and Kashmir is homeland to a number of tribal communities with diverse eco-cultural, socio- economic and geographical backgrounds. These Scheduled Tribes experience passive indifference that takes the form of exclusion from educational opportunities and social participation. Education has been considered as a lever to raise one&#39;s position in the society as well as a tool to fight against poverty and ignorance. The present paper explored the current status of education among scheduled tribes in Jammu and Kashmir. Despite constitutional protection and assurances, even after two and a half decades, their educational status is far lower than the total literacy of the State and also lower than literacy rate of scheduled tribes at national level. There is an essential need to make serious efforts by government, non-government organizations and other local bodies to augment the pace of develo...</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Myths and Realities of Tribal Education in Jammu and Kashmir: An Exploratory Study","attachmentId":81056085,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/71900645/Myths_and_Realities_of_Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Exploratory_Study","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/71900645/Myths_and_Realities_of_Tribal_Education_in_Jammu_and_Kashmir_An_Exploratory_Study"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61098714,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":61098714,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_61098714" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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