CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Murder of Ahmaud Arbery - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"ff50b6ef-0442-4297-b863-07dfef2a3f35","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery","wgTitle":"Murder of Ahmaud Arbery","wgCurRevisionId":1258004223,"wgRevisionId":1258004223,"wgArticleId":63858312,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use mdy dates from February 2022","Use American English from November 2021","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Coordinates on Wikidata","2020 controversies in the United States","2020 in Georgia (U.S. state)","2020 murders in the United States","2020 United States racial unrest", "African-American history of Georgia (U.S. state)","Brunswick, Georgia","Black Lives Matter","Deaths by firearm in Georgia (U.S. state)","Deaths by person in Georgia (U.S. state)","February 2020 crimes in the United States","Glynn County, Georgia","Filmed deaths in the United States","Lynching deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)","Murder in Georgia (U.S. state)","First presidency of Donald Trump","Racially motivated violence against African Americans"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery","wgRelevantArticleId":63858312,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":["extendedconfirmed"],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Ahmaud_Arbery","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0, "wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery","wgCoordinates":{"lat":31.124166666666667,"lon":-81.55611111111111},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q93439010","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={ "ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.quicksurveys.init","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1831"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1220"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="976"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery rootpage-Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Murder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Murder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Murder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Murder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-People_involved" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_involved"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 People involved </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_involved-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Video_of_the_murder" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_of_the_murder"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Video of the murder </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_of_the_murder-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Investigation_by_Glynn_County_Police" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigation_by_Glynn_County_Police"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Investigation by Glynn County Police </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Investigation_by_Glynn_County_Police-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Investigation by Glynn County Police subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Investigation_by_Glynn_County_Police-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Prior_thefts_and_trespassing_incidents_reported" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prior_thefts_and_trespassing_incidents_reported"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Prior thefts and trespassing incidents reported </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prior_thefts_and_trespassing_incidents_reported-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Security_cameras_and_911_calls_before_the_shooting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Security_cameras_and_911_calls_before_the_shooting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Security cameras and 911 calls before the shooting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Security_cameras_and_911_calls_before_the_shooting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responding_officer's_report" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responding_officer's_report"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Responding officer's report </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responding_officer's_report-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autopsy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autopsy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Autopsy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autopsy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Case_handling_by_prosecutors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Case_handling_by_prosecutors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Case handling by prosecutors </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Case_handling_by_prosecutors-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Case handling by prosecutors subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Case_handling_by_prosecutors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Brunswick_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brunswick_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Brunswick Judicial Circuit District Attorney </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brunswick_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Waycross_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Waycross_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Waycross Judicial Circuit District Attorney </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Waycross_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Atlantic_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Atlantic_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Atlantic Judicial Circuit District Attorney </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Atlantic_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Video_of_the_shooting_released" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Video_of_the_shooting_released"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.1 Video of the shooting released </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Video_of_the_shooting_released-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Charges_filed" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Charges_filed"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3.2 Charges filed </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Charges_filed-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cobb_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cobb_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Cobb Judicial Circuit District Attorney </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cobb_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-State_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#State_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 State trial </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-State_trial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle State trial subsection </button> <ul id="toc-State_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pretrial_rulings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pretrial_rulings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Pretrial rulings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pretrial_rulings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jury_selection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jury_selection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Jury selection </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jury_selection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opening_statements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opening_statements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Opening statements </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opening_statements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evidence_presentation_by_the_state" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evidence_presentation_by_the_state"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Evidence presentation by the state </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evidence_presentation_by_the_state-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.1 Law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4.2 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evidence_presentation_by_the_defense" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evidence_presentation_by_the_defense"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.5 Evidence presentation by the defense </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evidence_presentation_by_the_defense-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Closing_arguments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Closing_arguments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.6 Closing arguments </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Closing_arguments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.7 Verdict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sentencing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sentencing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.8 Sentencing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sentencing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_trial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_trial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Federal trial </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Federal_trial-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Federal trial subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Federal_trial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pre-trial_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-trial_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Pre-trial events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-trial_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evidence_and_testimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evidence_and_testimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Evidence and testimony </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Evidence_and_testimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verdict_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verdict_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Verdict </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Verdict_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Appeals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Appeals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Appeals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Appeals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sentencing_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sentencing_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Sentencing </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sentencing_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aftermath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aftermath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Aftermath </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Aftermath subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Aftermath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Indictment_of_former_DA_Jackie_Johnson" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indictment_of_former_DA_Jackie_Johnson"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Indictment of former DA Jackie Johnson </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indictment_of_former_DA_Jackie_Johnson-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Federal_review_of_case" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Federal_review_of_case"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Federal review of case </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Federal_review_of_case-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reporting_on_prior_allegations_of_misconduct_by_local_authorities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reporting_on_prior_allegations_of_misconduct_by_local_authorities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Reporting on prior allegations of misconduct by local authorities </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reporting_on_prior_allegations_of_misconduct_by_local_authorities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hate_crimes_law_enacted" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hate_crimes_law_enacted"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 Hate crimes law enacted </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hate_crimes_law_enacted-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citizen's_arrest_law_repealed_and_replaced" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citizen's_arrest_law_repealed_and_replaced"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.5 Citizen's arrest law repealed and replaced </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citizen's_arrest_law_repealed_and_replaced-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ahmaud_Arbery_Day" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ahmaud_Arbery_Day"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.6 Ahmaud Arbery Day </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ahmaud_Arbery_Day-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_Street" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_Street"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.7 Honorary Ahmaud Arbery Street </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_Street-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Initial_reactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Initial_reactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Initial reactions </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Initial_reactions-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Initial reactions subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Initial_reactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Involved_parties_and_their_families" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Involved_parties_and_their_families"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Involved parties and their families </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Involved_parties_and_their_families-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_and_former_elected_officials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_and_former_elected_officials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.2 Current and former elected officials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_and_former_elected_officials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Civil_rights_groups,_commentators,_and_the_public" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_rights_groups,_commentators,_and_the_public"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.3 Civil rights groups, commentators, and the public </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_rights_groups,_commentators,_and_the_public-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactions_to_the_verdict" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactions_to_the_verdict"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Reactions to the verdict </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reactions_to_the_verdict-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reactions to the verdict subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reactions_to_the_verdict-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_rights_leaders" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_rights_leaders"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 Civil rights leaders </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_rights_leaders-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Family" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Family"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 Family </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Family-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_and_former_elected_officials_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_and_former_elected_officials_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 Current and former elected officials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_and_former_elected_officials_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Murder of Ahmaud Arbery</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 11 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" > 11 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="مقتل أحمد أربيري – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مقتل أحمد أربيري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordfall_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Mordfall Ahmaud Arbery – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mordfall Ahmaud Arbery" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmaud_Arbery_tapmine" title="Ahmaud Arbery tapmine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ahmaud Arbery tapmine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asesinato_de_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Asesinato de Ahmaud Arbery – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Asesinato de Ahmaud Arbery" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="قتل احمد آربری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قتل احمد آربری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affaire_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Affaire Ahmaud Arbery – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Affaire Ahmaud Arbery" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembunuhan_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Pembunuhan Ahmaud Arbery – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pembunuhan Ahmaud Arbery" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Ahmaud Arbery – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ahmaud Arbery" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembunuhan_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Pembunuhan Ahmaud Arbery – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pembunuhan Ahmaud Arbery" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Murder of Ahmaud Arbery" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%89%BE%E5%93%88%E8%BF%88%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E9%98%BF%E4%BC%AF%E9%87%8C%E6%9E%AA%E5%87%BB%E6%A1%88" title="艾哈迈德·阿伯里枪击案 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="艾哈迈德·阿伯里枪击案" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q93439010#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&oldid=1258004223" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&id=1258004223&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMurder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMurder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q93439010" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&params=31_07_27_N_81_33_22_W_type:event_region:US-GA">31°07′27″N 81°33′22″W / 31.12417°N 81.55611°W / 31.12417; -81.55611</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ahmaud_Arbery&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Ahmaud Arbery">Ahmaud Arbery</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2020 murder in Georgia, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Gregory McMichael" redirects here. For the athlete, see <a href="/wiki/Greg_McMichael" title="Greg McMichael">Greg McMichael</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Murder of Ahmaud Arbery</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg/150px-AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg/225px-AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="389" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">Pre-2013 photo of Ahmaud Arbery</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data location">Satilla Shores unincorporated <a href="/wiki/Glynn_County,_Georgia" title="Glynn County, Georgia">Glynn County, Georgia</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&params=31_07_27_N_81_33_22_W_type:event_region:US-GA">31°07′27″N 81°33′22″W / 31.12417°N 81.55611°W / 31.12417; -81.55611</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">February 23, 2020 (2020-02-23) <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1:15 p.m.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Murder" title="Murder">Murder</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gun_violence_in_the_United_States" title="Gun violence in the United States">shooting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime" title="Hate crime">hate crime</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Victim</th><td class="infobox-data">Ahmaud Marquez Arbery</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"> <ul><li>Travis James McMichael</li> <li>Gregory Johns McMichael</li> <li>William Roderick Bryan, Jr.</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Racism_against_Black_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="Racism against Black Americans">Anti-black racism</a><a href="#cite_note-ReutersFalse-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewsHour-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-MckayViral-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-allcharges-5">[5]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Verdict</th><td class="infobox-data">All perpetrators guilty on all counts in federal trial State trial: Travis McMichael <a href="/wiki/Guilt_(law)" title="Guilt (law)">Guilty on all charges</a> Gregory McMichael <a href="/wiki/Acquittal" title="Acquittal">Not guilty</a> of malice murder Guilty on remaining charges William Bryan Guilty of felony murder (3 counts), aggravated assault, false imprisonment, and criminal attempt to commit false imprisonment (1 count each)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Charges</th><td class="infobox-data">State charges: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Malice_murder" title="Malice murder">Malice murder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)_law" title="Murder in Georgia (U.S. state) law">Felony murder</a> (4 counts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggravation_(law)" title="Aggravation (law)">Aggravated</a> <a href="/wiki/Assault" title="Assault">assault</a> (2 counts)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/False_imprisonment" title="False imprisonment">False imprisonment</a></li> <li>Criminal attempt to commit false imprisonment<a href="#cite_note-FaussetIndict-6">[6]</a></li></ul> District Attorney Jackie Johnson: <ul><li>Violating the oath of a public officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice" class="mw-redirect" title="Obstruction of justice">Obstruction of justice</a> Federal charges:</li> <li>Interference with rights (a <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Hate crime laws in the United States">hate crime</a>) (1 count each)</li> <li>Attempted <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping" title="Kidnapping">kidnapping</a> (1 count each)</li> <li>Using firearm during a crime of violence (1 count each for McMichaels)<a href="#cite_note-auto2-7">[7]</a><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></li></ul></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sentence</th><td class="infobox-data" style="text-align: left;"> <dl><dt>Travis McMichael</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment_in_the_United_States" title="Life imprisonment in the United States">Life imprisonment</a> without the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a> plus 10 years<a href="#cite_note-FederalTrialAddition-8">[8]</a> (federal); plus 20 years (state)</dd> <dt>Gregory McMichael</dt> <dd>Life imprisonment without the possibility of parole plus 7 years<a href="#cite_note-FederalTrialAddition-8">[8]</a> (federal); plus 20 years (state)</dd> <dt>William Bryan</dt> <dd>35 years imprisonment (federal)</dd> <dd>Life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after 30 years<a href="#cite_note-9">[a]</a> (state)</dd></dl> </td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> On February 23, 2020, Ahmaud Arbery, a 25-year-old Black man, was murdered during a racially motivated <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Hate crime laws in the United States">hate crime</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[b]</a> while jogging in Satilla Shores, a neighborhood near <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Georgia" title="Brunswick, Georgia">Brunswick</a> in <a href="/wiki/Glynn_County,_Georgia" title="Glynn County, Georgia">Glynn County, Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ReutersFalse-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewsHour-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-MckayViral-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-allcharges-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bynum-Nov-24-2021-11">[9]</a> Three white men, who later claimed to police that they assumed he was a <a href="/wiki/Burglary" title="Burglary">burglar</a>,<a href="#cite_note-IndependentFalse-12">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-NewsHour-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReutersFalse-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-13">[11]</a> pursued Arbery in their trucks for several minutes, using the vehicles to block his path as he tried to run away.<a href="#cite_note-14">[12]</a> Two of the men, Travis McMichael and his father, Gregory McMichael, were armed in one vehicle. Their neighbor, William "Roddie" Bryan, was in another vehicle. After overtaking Arbery, Travis exited his truck, pointing his weapon at Arbery. Arbery approached Travis and a physical altercation ensued, resulting in Travis fatally shooting Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-MckayViral-4">[4]</a> Bryan recorded this confrontation and Arbery's murder on his cell phone. Members of the <a href="/wiki/Glynn_County_Police_Department" title="Glynn County Police Department">Glynn County Police Department</a> (GCPD) arrived on the scene soon after the shooting; due to Gregory McMichael's background in civil service, the responding officer referred to him on a first-name basis and no questions as to the legality of the shooting nor the validity of self-defense claims were made. Arbery was still alive at the time officers arrived on the scene.<a href="#cite_note-15">[13]</a> No arrests were made for more than two months. The GCPD said the Brunswick District Attorney's Office first advised them to make no arrests,<a href="#cite_note-wjxt_DA_advised-16">[14]</a> then <a href="/wiki/Waycross,_Georgia" title="Waycross, Georgia">Waycross</a> District Attorney George Barnhill twice advised the GCPD to make no arrests, once before he was officially assigned to the case,<a href="#cite_note-KingMay8-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a> and once while announcing his intention to <a href="/wiki/Judicial_disqualification" class="mw-redirect" title="Judicial disqualification">recuse</a> himself due to a <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a>.<a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-GlaweMay6-19">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-HaneyMay8-20">[18]</a> At the behest of Gregory McMichael,<a href="#cite_note-winne-21">[19]</a> a local attorney provided Bryan's video to local radio station <a href="/wiki/WGIG" title="WGIG">WGIG</a>, which published the video on May 5.<a href="#cite_note-WGIG-22">[20]</a> The video went <a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">viral</a><a href="#cite_note-CollinsMay6-23">[21]</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> and <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BooneMay5-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-BalkMay5-25">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Georgia Bureau of Investigation">Georgia Bureau of Investigation</a> (GBI) arrested the McMichaels on May 7 and Bryan on May 21, charging them with <a href="/wiki/Felony_murder_rule#United_States" title="Felony murder rule">felony murder</a> and other crimes.<a href="#cite_note-Arrests-26">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Stelloh-27">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-BryanCharged-28">[26]</a> The case was ultimately transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb County</a> District Attorney's Office.<a href="#cite_note-4thDA-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-APSlur-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReutersSlur-31">[29]</a> On June 24, 2020, a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indicted</a> each of the three men on charges of <a href="/wiki/Malice_murder" title="Malice murder">malice murder</a>, felony murder, and other crimes.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetIndict-6">[6]</a> Their trial began in November 2021 in the Glynn County Superior Court;<a href="#cite_note-restcase-32">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-GPB-33">[31]</a> all three were convicted on November 24 of felony murder, <a href="/wiki/Aggravation_(law)" title="Aggravation (law)">aggravated</a> <a href="/wiki/Assault" title="Assault">assault</a>, <a href="/wiki/False_imprisonment" title="False imprisonment">false imprisonment</a>, and criminal attempt to commit false imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-Bragg-Hauck-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tarik-35">[33]</a> Travis McMichael was further convicted of malice murder.<a href="#cite_note-Ortiz-36">[34]</a> On January 7, 2022, the McMichaels were sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a> without the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a> plus 20 years, while Bryan was sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a> with the possibility of <a href="/wiki/Parole" title="Parole">parole</a> after 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-Sentencing-37">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[36]</a> On February 22, 2022, the three men were found guilty in a federal court of attempted <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_in_the_United_States" title="Kidnapping in the United States">kidnapping</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Hate crime laws in the United States">hate crime</a> of interference with rights, while the McMichaels were also convicted of one count of using firearms during a crime of violence.<a href="#cite_note-federalverdict-39">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-7">[7]</a> The local authorities' handling of the case resulted in nationwide criticism and debates on <a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States" title="Racial profiling in the United States">racial profiling in the United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-WhyItTook-40">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-W74-41">[39]</a> Many religious leaders, politicians, athletes, and other celebrities condemned the incident.<a href="#cite_note-Klett2020-42">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Georgia" title="Attorney General of Georgia">Georgia Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_M._Carr" title="Christopher M. Carr">Christopher M. Carr</a> formally requested the intervention of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> in the case on May 10, 2020, which was granted the following day.<a href="#cite_note-43">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-WileyMay8-44">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gazaway0506-45">[43]</a> Former Brunswick District Attorney Jackie Johnson was indicted in September 2021 for "showing favor and affection" to Gregory McMichael (her former subordinate) during the investigation, and for obstructing law enforcement by directing that Travis McMichael not be arrested.<a href="#cite_note-Muller-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mangan-47">[45]</a> In the aftermath of the murder, Georgia enacted hate crimes legislation in June 2020,<a href="#cite_note-Donaghue-48">[46]</a> then repealed and replaced its <a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_arrest" title="Citizen's arrest">citizen's arrest</a> law in May 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Hurt-49">[47]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_involved">People involved</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: People involved">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Ahmaud Marquez Arbery (May 8, 1994 – February 23, 2020), nicknamed "Maud" or "Quez", was 25 at the time of death.<a href="#cite_note-Morrison20211125-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mckay-51">[49]</a> He frequently ran for exercise, including regularly in Satilla Shores, a neighborhood close to the city of <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Georgia" title="Brunswick, Georgia">Brunswick, Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mckay-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morrison20211125-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[50]</a> Arbery lived in Fancy Bluff, a traditionally black neighborhood across the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_17" title="U.S. Route 17">U.S. Route 17</a> highway from Satilla Shores, which was around two miles away.<a href="#cite_note-53">[51]</a> He graduated from <a href="/wiki/Brunswick_High_School_(Georgia)" title="Brunswick High School (Georgia)">Brunswick High School</a> in 2012, where he was a football star.<a href="#cite_note-Morrison20211125-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mckay-51">[49]</a> As a <a href="/wiki/Linebacker" title="Linebacker">linebacker</a>, he was known for his speed and agility.<a href="#cite_note-Mckay-51">[49]</a> He attended <a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_Technical_College" title="South Georgia Technical College">South Georgia Technical College</a> during fall 2012 and spring 2013 to train for a career as an electrician.<a href="#cite_note-Mckay-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morrison20211125-50">[48]</a> He paused his studies to save money by working in his father's car wash and landscaping business,<a href="#cite_note-Mckay-51">[49]</a> and had plans to re-enroll.<a href="#cite_note-Mckay-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morrison20211125-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[52]</a></li> <li>Gregory Johns McMichael<a href="#cite_note-crtnews-55">[53]</a> (born December 23, 1955), then 64, previously worked as a <a href="/wiki/Glynn_County_Police_Department" title="Glynn County Police Department">Glynn County Police Department</a> (GCPD) officer from 1982 to 1989, and as an investigator for the Brunswick Judicial Circuit <a href="/wiki/District_Attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="District Attorney">District Attorney</a>'s Office from 1995 to his retirement in May 2019.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Over30-56">[54]</a> In 2018, McMichael helped in a shoplifting investigation involving Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-Morrison20211125-50">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-RoughtonSchrade2020-57">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-AJCFather-58">[56]</a> According to various news sources, Arbery had been caught shoplifting in a Walmart store which led to a subsequent revocation and extension of Arbery's probation.<a href="#cite_note-Mckay-51">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-Morrison20211125-50">[48]</a> It is unknown whether McMichael remembered this when he encountered Arbery on the day of the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-AJCFather-58">[56]</a> The prosecution later said the charges had nothing to do with his murder.<a href="#cite_note-Levine-Laughland-59">[57]</a></li> <li>Travis James McMichael<a href="#cite_note-crtnews-55">[53]</a> (born January 18, 1986), then 34,<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay5Jury-60">[58]</a> was a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Coast_Guard" title="United States Coast Guard">U.S. Coast Guard</a> mechanic between 2007 and 2016, and had some training in law enforcement.<a href="#cite_note-Bragg-Habersham-Hauck-61">[59]</a> He is Gregory McMichael's son.</li> <li>William Roderick Bryan, Jr (born August 19, 1969), nicknamed "Roddie", then 50, was a neighbor of the McMichaels.<a href="#cite_note-BurkeMay10-62">[60]</a> Bryan was a mechanic and worked at a local hardware store in Brunswick according to posts on his social media.<a href="#cite_note-63">[61]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Video_of_the_murder">Video of the murder</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Video of the murder">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_of_Ahmaud_Arbery_shooting.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Location_of_Ahmaud_Arbery_shooting.jpg/220px-Location_of_Ahmaud_Arbery_shooting.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Location_of_Ahmaud_Arbery_shooting.jpg/330px-Location_of_Ahmaud_Arbery_shooting.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Location_of_Ahmaud_Arbery_shooting.jpg/440px-Location_of_Ahmaud_Arbery_shooting.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Location of Ahmaud Arbery shooting</figcaption></figure> A video of the murder<a href="#cite_note-TMZ_Video_Shows-64">[62]</a> was recorded by Bryan using his cellphone from his vehicle as he followed Arbery jogging down the neighborhood road.<a href="#cite_note-BurkeMay10-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bynam5.22.20-65">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Walters-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bynum-67">[65]</a> The video showed Arbery jogging on the left side of the road when he encountered a white pickup truck, a thirteenth generation <a href="/wiki/Ford_F-Series_(thirteenth_generation)" title="Ford F-Series (thirteenth generation)">Ford F-150</a>, that had stopped in the right lane.<a href="#cite_note-Walters-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bynum-67">[65]</a> Gregory McMichael is standing in the truck bed, while Travis McMichael initially stands beside the driver's door with a shotgun.<a href="#cite_note-Parott-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bynum-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-HobbsMay5-70">[68]</a> Bryan's vehicle comes to a stop behind Arbery and the pickup truck.<a href="#cite_note-Parott-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a> As Arbery approaches the pickup truck, shouting can be heard.<a href="#cite_note-Parott-68">[66]</a> Arbery then crosses from the left side of the road to the right side and runs around the passenger's side of the truck. After passing the truck's front, Arbery turns left.<a href="#cite_note-Bynum-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gajanan-71">[69]</a> Meanwhile, Travis McMichael, holding his shotgun, approaches Arbery at the truck's front.<a href="#cite_note-HobbsMay5-70">[68]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> The camera's view of the confrontation between Arbery and Travis is momentarily blocked.<a href="#cite_note-CollinsMay6-23">[21]</a> Several media accounts of the video report that the audio of the first gunshot seems to be heard before Arbery and Travis struggle with each other.<a href="#cite_note-Walters-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Gajanan-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bonvillian-73">[71]</a> Some media accounts first report a struggle, and then mention the gunshot(s).<a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-ABC30AN-74">[72]</a> Other media accounts describe that it was "not possible" to see from the video what was happening when the first gunshot was fired,<a href="#cite_note-CollinsMay6-23">[21]</a> or report that the truck "blocks the view of how the men first engage each other" with regard to when the gunshot is heard.<a href="#cite_note-USAT200513-75">[73]</a> Travis and Arbery are seen to grapple over the shotgun.<a href="#cite_note-Gajanan-71">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-GN200507-76">[74]</a> While struggling, both men disappear off camera view on the left side of the frame, after which the audio of a second gunshot is heard.<a href="#cite_note-Bynum-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a> When they reappear, Arbery throws punches and tries to grab the shotgun.<a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a> A third gunshot is heard being fired by Travis at <a href="/wiki/Point-blank_range" title="Point-blank range">point-blank range</a> as Arbery appears to throw a right-handed punch at his head.<a href="#cite_note-Bynum-67">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Parott-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a> Arbery recoils, stumbles, and collapses face down in the middle of the road while Travis walks away.<a href="#cite_note-Walters-66">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a><a href="#cite_note-HobbsMay5-70">[68]</a> Gregory McMichael, who has taken out a handgun but has not fired, runs towards his son and Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-Parott-68">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-Barajas-69">[67]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigation_by_Glynn_County_Police">Investigation by Glynn County Police</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Investigation by Glynn County Police">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prior_thefts_and_trespassing_incidents_reported">Prior thefts and trespassing incidents reported</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Prior thefts and trespassing incidents reported">edit</a>]</div> In December 2019 and January 2020, residents of Satilla Shores reported three break-ins or thefts. On December 8, 2019, a Satilla Shores resident reported rifles stolen from the resident's unlocked car. Police recorded a theft on December 28, 2019. On January 1, 2020, Travis McMichael filed a report of a firearm stolen from his unlocked truck.<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNNPreviousInvestigation-78">[76]</a> On February 11, 2020, Travis called <a href="/wiki/9-1-1" class="mw-redirect" title="9-1-1">911</a> to report a slender six-foot-tall (1.83 m) black man with short hair, wearing red shorts and a white shirt, who was trespassing on the site of a house under construction. Travis said, "I've never seen this guy before in the neighborhood". The <a href="/wiki/Dispatcher#Emergency_dispatchers" title="Dispatcher">dispatcher</a> asked whether Travis was OK, and he said, "Yeah, it just startled me. When I turned around and saw him and backed up, he reached into his pocket and ran into the house. So I don't know if he's armed or not. But he looked like he was acting like he was." "We've been having a lot of burglaries and break-ins around here lately", Travis said on the call. He told the dispatcher that he was out in his truck, and that as many as four neighbors were out looking for the man. His father Gregory was one of the people out searching that night, and Gregory and at least one other neighbor were armed.<a href="#cite_note-:0-79">[77]</a> Police responded and searched the house along with a neighbor, but found no one.<a href="#cite_note-:0-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-News4video-80">[78]</a> However, surveillance video from that evening showed a man who reportedly looked like Arbery, briefly walking in and out of the house under construction. He did not take anything.<a href="#cite_note-:0-79">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> The under-construction house did not have doors or windows.<a href="#cite_note-bynum12-82">[80]</a> No evidence has emerged of Arbery committing burglaries or thefts in Satilla Shores.<a href="#cite_note-TariroUpdates-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jonathan-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Security_cameras_and_911_calls_before_the_shooting">Security cameras and 911 calls before the shooting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Security cameras and 911 calls before the shooting">edit</a>]</div> On February 23, in the minutes before the shooting, a security camera installed on a residence across the street from the house under construction, recorded a man identified by his family as Arbery walking down the road and into the house.<a href="#cite_note-AJC-85">[83]</a> A second security camera installed within the house recorded a man, identified as Arbery by his family, looking at the interior of the house.<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> Approximately five minutes later, he left and began jogging down the street.<a href="#cite_note-AJC-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-Osborne-87">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> After the man left the house, the first camera on the residence across the street showed a white pickup heading in the man's direction, followed a few minutes later by two police cars.<a href="#cite_note-AJC-85">[83]</a> The owner of the home under-construction later revealed that no crimes were committed on the property.<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> Two calls to the Glynn-Brunswick 911 dispatcher were made just before the shooting. In the first, a then-unidentified male caller said another man was in a house that was "under construction". The 911 dispatcher asked if the man was "breaking into it right now?" The caller replied: "No ... it's all open." After the caller said the man was now "running down the street", the dispatcher said police would respond. The dispatcher asked at 1:08 p.m., "I just need to know what he was doing wrong. Was he just on the premises and not supposed to be?" The caller responded, with some parts garbled, saying: "And he's been caught on camera a bunch at night. It's kind of an ongoing thing." The caller identified the man as a "black guy, white T-shirt".<a href="#cite_note-HobbsApril29-90">[88]</a> The first caller was later identified in court as neighbor Matthew Albenze.<a href="#cite_note-Hauck-91">[89]</a> In the second call, beginning at 1:14 p.m., a male caller said: "I'm out here at Satilla Shores ...There's a black male running down the street." The 911 dispatcher asked, "Where at Satilla Shores?" The caller replied: "I don't know what street we're on." The caller shouted, "Stop! ... Watch that. Stop, damn it! Stop!" The dispatcher tried to speak to the caller but did not receive a reply for several minutes. The caller later hung up.<a href="#cite_note-HobbsApril29-90">[88]</a> The second caller was later identified in court as Gregory McMichael.<a href="#cite_note-Sayers-92">[90]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responding_officer's_report">Responding officer's report</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Responding officer's report">edit</a>]</div> The GCPD reached the <a href="/wiki/Crime_scene" title="Crime scene">scene</a> immediately after the fatal shooting. The responding officer's report relied almost entirely on an interview with Gregory McMichael,<a href="#cite_note-FaussetApril26-93">[91]</a> who was described as a <a href="/wiki/Witness" title="Witness">witness</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Incident_Report-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-HobbsApril2-95">[93]</a> Gregory said he was in his yard when he saw an unidentified man running by.<a href="#cite_note-HobbsApril2-95">[93]</a> He said he recognized the man from a prior incident "the other night", when he said he saw the man reach into his pants as if for a weapon. He called to his son Travis and said, "The guy is running down the street; let's go".<a href="#cite_note-Incident_Report-94">[92]</a> Gregory brought a <a href="/wiki/.357_Magnum" title=".357 Magnum">.357 Magnum</a> <a href="/wiki/Revolver" title="Revolver">revolver</a>, while Travis brought a <a href="/wiki/Shotgun" title="Shotgun">shotgun</a> in their pickup truck.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-Incident_Report-94">[92]</a><a href="#cite_note-HobbsApril2-95">[93]</a> The McMichaels said they pursued the man because he resembled a <a href="/wiki/Suspect" title="Suspect">suspect</a> in a string of local <a href="/wiki/Burglary" title="Burglary">burglaries</a>. But the police said there had been only one recent theft from an unlocked car in the neighborhood.<a href="#cite_note-CNNPreviousInvestigation-78">[76]</a> Travis attempted to cut off the man with his truck. The man turned and began "running back in the direction from which he came".<a href="#cite_note-HobbsApril2-95">[93]</a> The report states that Bryan, who was erroneously identified as "Roddy [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>]", also tried to cut off the man, but failed.<a href="#cite_note-BurkeMay10-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-CollinsMay6-23">[21]</a> Gregory said he saw the unidentified man and yelled: "Stop, stop, we want to talk to you", and that they pulled up to the man, with Travis exiting the truck with the shotgun in hand. Gregory claimed the man "began to violently attack Travis" before two shots were fired.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-HobbsApril2-95">[93]</a> The man died at the scene after "<a href="/wiki/Exsanguination" title="Exsanguination">bleeding out</a>", the report concluded. Authorities later identified the man as Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-HobbsApril2-95">[93]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Autopsy">Autopsy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Autopsy">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Autopsy" title="Autopsy">autopsy</a> report released by the GBI ruled Arbery's death was a <a href="/wiki/Homicide" title="Homicide">homicide</a> caused by three <a href="/wiki/Gunshot_wound" title="Gunshot wound">gunshot wounds</a> he sustained "during a struggle for the shotgun" that fired those shots.<a href="#cite_note-Ellis-96">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[96]</a> One gunshot wounded the upper left chest, one gunshot wounded the lower middle chest, and one gunshot caused a "deep, gaping" graze wound to the right wrist. There were no alcohol or drugs in Arbery's body, other than a "tiny amount" of <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a>, the psychoactive component of <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a>.<a href="#cite_note-HolcombeMay12-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Case_handling_by_prosecutors">Case handling by prosecutors</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Case handling by prosecutors">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brunswick_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney">Brunswick Judicial Circuit District Attorney</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Brunswick Judicial Circuit District Attorney">edit</a>]</div> The case started under the jurisdiction of Brunswick Judicial Circuit District Attorney Jackie Johnson.<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-BooneMay8-102">[100]</a> Because Gregory McMichael had previously worked as an investigator in her office, Johnson recused herself from further involvement in the case.<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> On February 27, 2020, the case was transferred by the Georgia Attorney General's Office to the Waycross Judicial Circuit District Attorney's office. The Waycross Judicial Circuit is south of Brunswick Judicial Circuit.<a href="#cite_note-:1-104">[102]</a> On March 8, two Glynn County commissioners, citing discussions with Glynn County police, accused Johnson, or her office, of preventing the McMichaels' immediate arrest. Commissioner Allen Booker said: "The police at the scene went to her, saying they were ready to arrest both of them. These were the police at the scene who had done the investigation. She shut them down to protect her friend [Gregory] McMichael." Commissioner Peter Murphy said that officers who responded at the scene had concluded that there was probable cause to make an arrest, but when they contacted Johnson's office, they "were told not to make the arrest."<a href="#cite_note-BooneMay8-102">[100]</a> Johnson's office said that Johnson did not "have any conversation with any GCPD officer about this case" on February 23, and that "no Assistant District Attorney in the office directed any Glynn County police officer not to make an arrest".<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a> Johnson's office also blamed the GCPD for being "unable to make a probable cause determination on its own" and argued that it was the local police's responsibility, not the District Attorney's responsibility, to make arrests.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> It is common for police to consult with the district attorney's office in the aftermath of homicides or other complex cases.<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a> On May 9, the GCPD said that on February 23 the Brunswick District Attorney's Office "became involved in the investigation ... The McMichaels were deemed not to be flight risks and officers were advised by the [Brunswick District Attorney's Office] that no arrests were necessary at the time."<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-wjxt_DA_advised-16">[14]</a> On February 28, 2022, it was reported that the state bar dismissed complaints filed by Georgia lawmakers against former Brunswick Judicial Circuit District Attorney Jackie Johnson and Waycross Judicial Circuit DA George Barnhill.<a href="#cite_note-Szilagy-106">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Waycross_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney">Waycross Judicial Circuit District Attorney</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Waycross Judicial Circuit District Attorney">edit</a>]</div> The GCPD said that on February 24, Waycross Judicial Circuit District Attorney George Barnhill told them that the murder of Arbery "was justifiable homicide."<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a><a href="#cite_note-DB-107">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-BrunswickNews-108">[106]</a> According to a memorandum written by Barnhill to the GCPD on April 2, Barnhill gave the GCPD "an initial opinion the day after the shooting" on February 24.<a href="#cite_note-KingMay8-17">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a> In the April 2 memorandum, Barnhill wrote: "The autopsy supports the initial opinion we gave you on February 24, at the briefing room in the Glynn County Police Department after reviewing the evidence you had at that time. We do not see grounds for an arrest of any of the three parties."<a href="#cite_note-WileyMay8-44">[42]</a> But, according to the Office of the Georgia Attorney General on May 10, Barnhill had not yet been appointed to handle Arbery's case on February 24, and he had not put in a request to handle the case.<a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-CarrMay10-109">[107]</a> The Georgia Attorney General's Office on May 10 identified the following events as having happened on February 27: the Georgia Attorney General's Office received the request from Johnson's office to transfer Arbery's case to another prosecutor. On the same day, the Georgia Attorney General's Office appointed Barnhill as the presiding prosecutor. Neither Johnson nor Barnhill informed the Georgia Attorney General's Office that Barnhill had already actively participated in the case by reviewing evidence and giving his opinion on whether arrests should occur.<a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-CarrMay10-109">[107]</a> On April 1, Arbery's autopsy report was given to Barnhill.<a href="#cite_note-AndersonMay9-110">[108]</a> On April 2, Barnhill wrote a memorandum to Glynn County police, recommending that no arrests be made.<a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-GlaweMay6-19">[17]</a> Barnhill wrote that the McMichaels were within their rights to chase "a burglary suspect, with solid firsthand probable cause";<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-AndersonMay9-110">[108]</a> that "Arbery initiated the fight"; and that Travis McMichael "was allowed to use deadly force to protect himself" when "Arbery grabbed the shotgun".<a href="#cite_note-AndersonMay9-110">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Li-111">[109]</a> Barnhill cited Georgia's citizen arrest law, dating to the Civil War era, as justifying the murder of Arbery (the Georgia law says that either a crime must be committed within the citizen's "immediate knowledge", or there must be "reasonable and probable grounds of suspicion" for a felony crime).<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> Barnhill alleged that videos of Arbery entering the home under construction on the day of the shooting showed Arbery "burglarizing a home immediately preceding the chase and confrontation."<a href="#cite_note-FaussetApril26-93">[91]</a> The attorneys representing the Arbery family responded: "This video is consistent with the evidence already known to us. Ahmaud Arbery was out for a jog. He stopped by a property under construction where he engaged in no illegal activity and remained for only a brief period. Ahmaud did not take anything from the construction site. He did not cause any damage to the property. He remained for a brief period of time and was not instructed by anyone to leave but rather left on his own accord to continue his jog. Ahmaud's actions at this empty home under construction were in no way a felony under Georgia law. This video confirms Mr. Arbery's murder was not justified, meaning the actions of the men who pursued him and ambushed him were unjustified."<a href="#cite_note-Osborne-87">[85]</a> The owner of the unfinished home, who was 90 miles (140 kilometers) away at the time of the shooting, later said, "I've never had a police report [on my property], or anything stolen from my property, or any kind of robbery."<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a> Barnhill wrote that "Arbery's mental health and prior convictions help explain his apparent aggressive nature and his possible thought pattern to attack an armed man."<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Lastly, Barnhill informed the Glynn County police that he was going to recuse from the case due to connections between his son and Gregory McMichael.<a href="#cite_note-HaneyMay8-20">[18]</a> On April 7, Barnhill wrote to Georgia's Attorney General, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_M._Carr" title="Christopher M. Carr">Christopher M. Carr</a>, saying Arbery's "family are not strangers to the local criminal justice system", noting that Arbery's brother and cousins had encounters with the law.<a href="#cite_note-AJCFather-58">[56]</a> Barnhill told Carr that there was "video of Arbery burglarizing a home immediately preceding the chase and confrontation".<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">[3]</a> The Georgia Attorney General's Office on May 10 said the following events happened on April 7: it received a request from Barnhill's office to transfer Arbery's case to another prosecutor,<a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-CarrMay10-109">[107]</a> and Barnhill revealed that he had learned "about 3–4 weeks ago" that Arbery had previously been prosecuted by his son, a prosecutor for the Brunswick Circuit District Attorney's Office, in an earlier case. He also said that one of the defendants had served as an investigator on the same prosecution (this is a reference to Gregory McMichael, who was employed by the Brunswick D.A.'s Office).<a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-CarrMay10-109">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-AJCFather-58">[56]</a> The request did not explain why Barnhill had delayed in recusing his office from the case, did not mention that Barnhill had advised Glynn County police on April 2 to make no arrests, and omitted Barnhill's involvement on February 24, instead recounting only his involvement "upon taking the case".<a href="#cite_note-MayesMay11-18">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-CarrMay10-109">[107]</a> On April 13, after Barnhill's recusal, the Georgia Attorney General's Office appointed Atlantic Judicial Circuit District Attorney Tom Durden to take over the handling of the case.<a href="#cite_note-DurdenAppt-114">[112]</a> The Atlantic Judicial Circuit is the immediately adjacent circuit to the north of Brunswick Judicial Circuit.<a href="#cite_note-:1-104">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Atlantic_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney">Atlantic Judicial Circuit District Attorney</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Atlantic Judicial Circuit District Attorney">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Video_of_the_shooting_released">Video of the shooting released</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Video of the shooting released">edit</a>]</div> A video of the shooting was uploaded on May 5 on the website of local radio station, <a href="/wiki/WGIG" title="WGIG">WGIG</a>; it was received from Gregory McMichael.<a href="#cite_note-winne-21">[19]</a> After two hours, WGIG removed the video for being too graphic.<a href="#cite_note-WGIG-22">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-RoughtonSchrade2020-57">[55]</a> The video was uploaded to <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a> that day.<a href="#cite_note-BooneMay5-24">[22]</a> The Arbery family's attorney posted a 28-second segment of the video on <a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">Twitter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BalkMay5-25">[23]</a> The video of the shooting went viral.<a href="#cite_note-CollinsMay6-23">[21]</a> Glynn County police requested the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Georgia Bureau of Investigation">Georgia Bureau of Investigation</a> look into how the video was publicized.<a href="#cite_note-BooneMay5-24">[22]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> published an edited version of the video on May 6.<a href="#cite_note-ShahMay6-115">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/TMZ" title="TMZ">TMZ</a> published a longer version of the video on May 5.<a href="#cite_note-TMZ_Video_Shows-64">[62]</a> On May 7, Alan David Tucker, a local <a href="/wiki/Criminal_defense_attorney" class="mw-redirect" title="Criminal defense attorney">criminal defense attorney</a>, said that he had sent the cell phone video to WGIG,<a href="#cite_note-Eldridge-116">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> and that it had been recorded by William "Roddie" Bryan, who was in the second truck following Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-BurkeMay10-62">[60]</a> WGIG confirmed that Tucker had provided the video to the radio station.<a href="#cite_note-Mervosh-118">[116]</a> Tucker had informally consulted with the suspects in the case,<a href="#cite_note-Mervosh-118">[116]</a> but said he had not been retained to represent anyone involved.<a href="#cite_note-Mervosh-118">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Eldridge-116">[114]</a> Tucker said that he released the video to provide "absolute transparency" due to "erroneous accusations and assumptions",<a href="#cite_note-Eldridge-116">[114]</a> and that "my purpose was not to exonerate them or convict them."<a href="#cite_note-Mervosh-118">[116]</a> Within hours of the video becoming public, Tom Durden, the district attorney for Georgia's Atlantic Judicial Circuit, said that he would present the case to "the next available <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> in Glynn County" to decide if charges should be filed. The convening of grand juries had been postponed until after June 12 due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Georgia (U.S. state)">COVID-19 pandemic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetMay5Jury-60">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-ShahMay6-115">[113]</a> Durden accepted Georgia Governor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a>'s offer to bring in the Georgia Bureau of Investigation (GBI) to investigate.<a href="#cite_note-BooneMay5-24">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-BookerMay8-119">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Charges_filed">Charges filed</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Charges filed">edit</a>]</div> The GBI found <a href="/wiki/Probable_cause" title="Probable cause">probable cause</a> to charge Gregory and Travis McMichael within 36 hours of taking over jurisdiction of the case, and, on May 7, arrested and charged them with <a href="/wiki/Felony_murder_rule" title="Felony murder rule">felony murder</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[c]</a><a href="#cite_note-AlmasyBarajas-122">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[121]</a> The McMichaels were booked into the Glynn County Jail.<a href="#cite_note-AlmasyBarajas-122">[119]</a> At an appearance before a judge the following day, the McMichaels were both <a href="/wiki/Pretrial_detention" class="mw-redirect" title="Pretrial detention">denied bond</a>.<a href="#cite_note-125">[122]</a> Given the "size and magnitude" of the investigation, Durden requested that the case be reassigned to another prosecutor with a larger staff.<a href="#cite_note-NWAonline-126">[123]</a> Pursuant to Durden's request, the Georgia Attorney General's office reassigned the case on May 11 to the <a href="/wiki/Cobb_County,_Georgia" title="Cobb County, Georgia">Cobb County</a> District Attorney's Office, led by Joyette M. Holmes.<a href="#cite_note-HolcombeMay12-99">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-NWAonline-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-4thDA-29">[27]</a> She was the fourth D.A. to take on the case.<a href="#cite_note-4thDA-29">[27]</a> Arbery's family welcomed the transfer of the case from a <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Georgia" title="Southeast Georgia">southeast Georgia</a> district attorney to one in the <a href="/wiki/Metro_Atlanta" title="Metro Atlanta">metro Atlanta</a> area 300 miles (480 km) away.<a href="#cite_note-4thDA-29">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-NWAonline-126">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-HolcombeMay12-99">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cobb_Judicial_Circuit_District_Attorney">Cobb Judicial Circuit District Attorney</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cobb Judicial Circuit District Attorney">edit</a>]</div> The Cobb County District Attorney's Office, led by Joyette M. Holmes, brought charges against the defendants. On May 21, 2020, William "Roddie" Bryan was charged with <a href="/wiki/Felony_murder" class="mw-redirect" title="Felony murder">felony murder</a> and attempt to commit <a href="/wiki/False_imprisonment" title="False imprisonment">false imprisonment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BryanCharged-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-CNNBryanArrest-127">[124]</a> According to the arrest warrant, Bryan tried "to confine and detain" Arbery without legal authority by "utilizing his vehicle on multiple occasions" before Arbery was shot.<a href="#cite_note-Bynam5.22.20-65">[63]</a> The GBI said their investigators found "a number of pieces of video" that linked Bryan to the case.<a href="#cite_note-Chakraborty.5.22.20-128">[125]</a> Bryan was alleged to have attempted to block Arbery, which was unsuccessful, and struck Arbery with his pickup truck while chasing him.<a href="#cite_note-BryanCharged-28">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin-129">[126]</a> Arbery's palm print was found on the rear door of Bryan's truck, cotton fibers near the truck bed were attributed to contact with Arbery, and a dent was found below the location of the cotton fibers.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin-129">[126]</a> At the June 4, 2020 <a href="/wiki/Preliminary_hearing" title="Preliminary hearing">preliminary hearing</a>, a Glynn County Magistrate Court judge ruled that there was <a href="/wiki/Probable_cause" title="Probable cause">probable cause</a> for the murder charges against all three men.<a href="#cite_note-Fausset-130">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoPrelim-131">[128]</a> The prosecution presented additional evidence to the court to support the murder charges, including hours of testimony from the lead GBI investigator.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoPrelim-131">[128]</a> At the hearing, the prosecutor said that the three men "chased, hunted down and ultimately executed" Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-APSlur-30">[28]</a> The investigator testified that none of the three had called <a href="/wiki/9-1-1" class="mw-redirect" title="9-1-1">911</a> prior to the chase; he said: <blockquote>I don't believe it was self-defense by Mr. McMichael. I believe it was self-defense by Mr. Arbery. I believe Mr. Arbery was being pursued, and he ran until he couldn't run anymore. And it was: turn his back to a man with a shotgun, or fight with his bare hands against a man with a shotgun, and he chose to fight.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoPrelim-131">[128]</a></blockquote> The prosecution also introduced a statement to the GBI by William Bryan that Travis McMichael used a racist slur, "fucking nigger", while standing over Arbery's body,<a href="#cite_note-APSlur-30">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-ReutersSlur-31">[29]</a> and testimony that Travis McMichael had previously used the same slur on previous occasions in social media postings and in text messages.<a href="#cite_note-Fausset-130">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoPrelim-131">[128]</a> During the Glynn County trial, the allegation of Travis stating "fucking nigger" was not brought forth to the jury since the only witness, William Bryan, chose not to testify during the trial; meanwhile, by the time legal arguments had concluded, the judge did not make a ruling on whether the social media posts and text messages could be used, so they were not introduced either.<a href="#cite_note-132">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-Allen-Mckay-133">[130]</a> The alleged use of these racist slurs could affect a federal hate crime trial in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-APSlur-30">[28]</a> Although there may be some overlap in witnesses between the two cases, the federal trial is independent of the state trial and not affected by the state trial's outcome.<a href="#cite_note-Allen-Mckay-133">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-Brumback-134">[131]</a> Other evidence eventually not shown in the state trial by prosecutors, which can be considered in the federal trial, includes imagery of the <a href="/wiki/Confederate_flag" class="mw-redirect" title="Confederate flag">Confederate flag</a> on the McMichaels' truck.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin-129">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-Allen-Mckay-133">[130]</a> On June 24, 2020, a Glynn County <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> <a href="/wiki/Indictment" title="Indictment">indictment</a> was released against all three defendants, each on nine counts: malice murder, four counts of felony murder, two counts of aggravated assault, false imprisonment and criminal attempt to commit false imprisonment.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetIndict-6">[6]</a> At a hearing in July 2020, the three defendants waived arraignment and pleaded not guilty. During the hearing the lead prosecutor disclosed that Arbery's palm print had been found on the side of Bryan's truck and texts taken from Bryan's cellphone were "replete with racist remarks." At the conclusion of the hearing, the judge denied bond to Bryan.<a href="#cite_note-135">[132]</a> In August 2020, attorneys for the McMichaels and Bryan filed motions seeking release on bond and dismissal of the charges.<a href="#cite_note-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-138">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a> In November 2020, the court denied the McMichaels' request for bond.<a href="#cite_note-140">[137]</a> In January 2021, the court denied Bryan's second request for bond.<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="State_trial">State trial</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: State trial">edit</a>]</div> The trial took place in the Glynn County Superior Court in Brunswick.<a href="#cite_note-restcase-32">[30]</a> After every Brunswick Judicial Circuit judge recused themselves from the case, Chatham County Superior Court Judge Timothy Walmsley became the trial judge.<a href="#cite_note-142">[139]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pretrial_rulings">Pretrial rulings</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pretrial rulings">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Murder_of_Arbery_-_outside_courthouse.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Murder_of_Arbery_-_outside_courthouse.jpg/220px-Murder_of_Arbery_-_outside_courthouse.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Murder_of_Arbery_-_outside_courthouse.jpg/330px-Murder_of_Arbery_-_outside_courthouse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Murder_of_Arbery_-_outside_courthouse.jpg/440px-Murder_of_Arbery_-_outside_courthouse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>People gathered outside the courthouse on November 10, 2021</figcaption></figure> Judge Walmsley made the following pre-trial rulings in 2021: <ul><li>He denied a prosecution motion to bar testimony that the neighborhood was "on edge" at the time of the murder.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a></li> <li>He ruled that the defense could not introduce evidence of Arbery's prior "bad acts", noting that the McMichaels were unaware of Arbery's past at the time of the murder. He justified his ruling by stating that the "character of the victim is neither relevant nor admissible in a murder trial", and that such evidence might also mislead the jury into thinking that Arbery's murder was "somehow justified" on potential "future dangerousness".<a href="#cite_note-144">[141]</a></li> <li>He ruled that the defense could not introduce Arbery's mental health records as evidence, citing Arbery's medical privacy. Walmsley also stated that a nurse's 2018 diagnosis of Arbery having mental illness was "highly questionable" and may unfairly prejudice the jury.<a href="#cite_note-ajx-145">[142]</a></li> <li>He ruled that the prosecution could let the jury listen to recorded phone calls made by the jailed McMichaels, and issued a limited gag order on trial lawyers not to comment on inadmissible evidence, including evidence they "should reasonably know" would be ruled inadmissible at trial.<a href="#cite_note-146">[143]</a></li> <li>He excluded evidence of "minute" amounts of <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a> detected in Arbery's body after his autopsy, excluded testimony of two <a href="/wiki/Use_of_force" title="Use of force">use of force</a> experts which the defense wanted to use regarding Travis McMichael's Coast Guard training, and excluded the introduction of graphic footage of a dying Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a></li> <li>He excluded evidence that Arbery was on probation when he was murdered, and allowed the introduction into evidence of photos and videos of a Confederate flag symbol on the truck that Travis McMichael used to pursue Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-open-148">[145]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jury_selection">Jury selection</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Jury selection">edit</a>]</div> The trial of the McMichaels and Bryan in the Superior Court before Judge Walmsley began October 18, 2021, with jury selection. The jury selection process was lengthy and proceeded slowly, with the 600 potential jurors (members of the <a href="/wiki/Voir_dire" title="Voir dire">venire</a>) questioned on what they had heard about the case and whether they had formed a belief about the guilt or innocence of the defendant, and many prospective jurors were dismissed.<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-AJCJ-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[148]</a> Judge Walmsley denied a defense motion to limit demonstrations near the courthouse, citing the demonstrators' <a href="/wiki/First_Amendment_rights" class="mw-redirect" title="First Amendment rights">First Amendment rights</a>; the judge, however, expressed concern about social media posts that were "identifying jurors" or attempting "to influence the public".<a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> On November 3, 2021, jury selection was completed. Twelve jurors and four alternates were selected. Of the 16 members, one was a black man, three were white men, and 12 were white women. The defense struck 11 of 12 prospective black jurors, the defense leaving the one black man from the qualified panel, while the prosecution used all 12 of its allotted strikes on white potential jurors. Judge Walmsley rejected a prosecution motion alleging that the defense had <a href="/wiki/Racial_discrimination_in_jury_selection" title="Racial discrimination in jury selection">used its strikes in a racially discriminatory way</a>.<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> Only one black person ended up serving on the jury, despite Glynn County's nearly 27% black population.<a href="#cite_note-GPB-33">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ortiz-36">[34]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opening_statements">Opening statements</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Opening statements">edit</a>]</div> Opening statements for the state and the McMichaels were made on November 5, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-Shaddi-154">[151]</a> Opening statements for William "Roddie" Bryan were delivered on November 18, 2021, after the prosecution rested its case.<a href="#cite_note-Simone-155">[152]</a> Prosecutor <a href="/wiki/Linda_Dunikoski" title="Linda Dunikoski">Linda Dunikoski</a> said the murder of Arbery arose from the defendants' "assumptions and driveway decisions ... Not on facts, not on evidence".<a href="#cite_note-Shaddi-154">[151]</a> She stated that the defendants did not have "immediate knowledge" of Arbery committing a crime that day, referencing Gregory McMichael's police statement where he said he did not know if Arbery had committed a break-in.<a href="#cite_note-Tariro-156">[153]</a> She also highlighted that twelve days before the murder, Glynn County police officer Robert Rash had relayed to the McMichaels a statement from the under-construction house's owner that Arbery "has never stolen or taken anything from his property".<a href="#cite_note-Shaddi-154">[151]</a> Dunikoski described that Arbery was "under attack" by the defendants during the chase on the day of his murder, alleging that William "Roddie" Bryan had attempted to hit Arbery with his truck four times, that Gregory McMichael told Arbery "Stop or I'll blow your fucking head off", that Gregory later described Arbery as "trapped like a rat" as a result of the chase, and that Travis McMichael had "stepped around that open door and moved toward" Arbery during the final confrontation.<a href="#cite_note-Tariro-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mason-157">[154]</a> Bob Rubin, the lawyer for Travis McMichael, stated that although there was "no crime committed" in the presence of the McMichaels, "there was probable cause to believe a felony had been committed" by Arbery and that he "was attempting to escape."<a href="#cite_note-Shaddi-154">[151]</a> Rubin described the Satilla Shores neighborhood as "on edge" due to property crimes, arguing that Travis had a "duty and responsibility to protect himself and his neighborhood."<a href="#cite_note-Tariro-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mason-157">[154]</a> Rubin stated that Travis killed Arbery "in self-defense", because if Arbery had taken Travis's gun, either Travis or Gregory would be dead.<a href="#cite_note-Shaddi-154">[151]</a> Frank Hogue, the lawyer for Gregory McMichael, stated that Gregory correctly recognized Arbery from prior videos of Arbery entering the under-construction house, and that "Greg had sound reasons to believe theft had occurred – burglary".<a href="#cite_note-Shaddi-154">[151]</a> Kevin Gough, the lawyer for William "Roddie" Bryan, stated that Bryan "had no intent to strike or injure" Arbery, while noting that Bryan had not taken his rifle along for the chase. Gough argued that there was "scant evidence" that Bryan attempted to "conceal or minimize his involvement" in the incident, because Bryan did not dispose of the cellphone video of the chase and shooting; Bryan instead passed the video to the police.<a href="#cite_note-Simone-155">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evidence_presentation_by_the_state">Evidence presentation by the state</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Evidence presentation by the state">edit</a>]</div> The prosecution presented evidence from November 5 to November 16, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-open-148">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-bynum16-159">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Law enforcement">edit</a>]</div> Robert Rash, a Glynn County police officer, testified that (1) after speaking to Larry English, the owner of the under-construction house, Rash had been searching for Arbery to warn him against trespassing; (2) having known Gregory McMichael professionally, Rash in December 2019 discussed the "unidentified black male" with Greg. At Gregory's suggestion, Rash shared Gregory's cellphone with English, because Rash wanted Gregory to be "an expert witness to be on the phone with 911" to help identify Arbery; (3) Rash never deputized Gregory or gave him any authority; (4) Rash later shared security camera videos of Arbery with the McMichaels 12 days before the murder, while telling the McMichaels that English "hasn't seen him actually take anything"; (5) also at that time, Rash told the McMichaels about a gun theft incident "down the road" that did not involve Arbery: "we got on video the car that people come in and stole them, they were from another neighborhood."<a href="#cite_note-160">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Ricky Minshew, who was a Glynn County police officer at the time of the murder, testified he was seconds away from the scene at the time of the shots, having responded to a non-emergency report about a "suspicious black male" leaving a home under construction. Minshew said he arrived at the scene seeing Arbery in a pool of blood and heard a "death rattle" from Arbery, but did not render medical attention as he did not have "adequate medical training" to handle such a serious injury, and also because there were no "police units to watch my back" when he arrived. Minshew testified that he questioned William "Roddie" Bryan at the scene, where Bryan said the following: (1) that he was not familiar with Arbery or the McMichaels when Bryan joined the chase; (2) that he was not sure if Arbery did anything wrong; (3) that he did not know if he should have chased Arbery at all; (4) that he tried to "corner" Arbery with his vehicle five times; (5) that Arbery "had to stop and catch his breath",<a href="#cite_note-min-163">[160]</a> and seemed "tired of running"; (6) that he heard one of the McMichaels shouting at Arbery: "What'd you steal? What'd you do?" during the chase.<a href="#cite_note-164">[161]</a> William Duggan, a Glynn County police officer, testified that he came to the scene after hearing a "shots fired" report on his radio. The jury was shown Duggan's body camera and dashboard camera footage, which included graphic video of Arbery's body. Duggan said he attended to Arbery, intending to stop the bleeding from a large chest wound, but then realized that Arbery was already dead. Duggan said he saw Travis McMichael covered in blood and asked if Travis was OK, to which Travis replied: "No I'm not OK ... I just effing [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>] killed somebody." Duggan described Travis as very upset and cooperative.<a href="#cite_note-min-163">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-166">[163]</a> Jeff Brandeberry, a Glynn County police officer, testified that he interviewed Gregory McMichael at the scene, who was "pretty amped up" and seemed "a little upset".<a href="#cite_note-adj92-167">[164]</a> Brandeberry recounted Gregory saying the following: (1) that he had seen Arbery "hauling ass down the street" past his house in a "dead run";<a href="#cite_note-Kirkland-168">[165]</a> (2) that Arbery had been "breaking in all these houses out here ... he makes frequent trips to the neighborhood and gets caught on video cameras every third or fourth night breaking into places and no one's been able to catch him";<a href="#cite_note-bynum10-169">[166]</a> (3) that "a driving force in my mind is my son had a missing pistol and this guy I don't know for a fact this guy has been going over doing this crap over and over ... I saw him if I could've gotten a shot, I would have shot him myself";<a href="#cite_note-mason-170">[167]</a> (4) that the blood on Gregory's hand came from checking if Arbery had a gun;<a href="#cite_note-bynum10-169">[166]</a> and (5) that Arbery was "an asshole. He was hooked up when he came around the corner."<a href="#cite_note-mason-170">[167]</a> Parker Marcy, a Glynn County police detective, who had interviewed Gregory McMichael at the police station later in the day of the murder, testified that Gregory told him: (1) that he had seen Arbery on surveillance videos shared by a neighbor and "had heard a description of him", but was unsure if he had seen Arbery in person before ("never" or "maybe"); (2) that he saw "two or three videos" showing "this guy breaking into or being or wandering around into this [under-construction] house ... I don't think the guy has stolen anything out of there, and if he did it was early on in this process, but he keeps going back in that house over and over again";<a href="#cite_note-mason-170">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-bynum10-169">[166]</a> (3) that he considered Arbery a "prime suspect" in "numerous" forcible entries into buildings and vehicles ("Logic tells you that this guy may be the one that's doing it");<a href="#cite_note-adj92-167">[164]</a> (4) he told Arbery during the chase words akin to "Stop ... I'll blow your fucking head off", because "I was trying to convey to this guy we were not playing"; (5) that Gregory had once pointed his gun at Arbery;<a href="#cite_note-bynum10-169">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a> and (6) that the chase resulted in Arbery being "cornered ... like a rat".<a href="#cite_note-adj92-167">[164]</a> Marcy further stated that surveillance video did not show Arbery taking anything from the under-construction house that day.<a href="#cite_note-bynum10-169">[166]</a> Roderic Nohilly, a Glynn County police detective who had previously known Gregory McMichael professionally, interviewed Gregory at the police station later in the day of the murder. Nohilly testified that Gregory told him: (1) "I don't know. [...] He might have", in response to Nohilly's question on whether Arbery broke into a house that day; (2) that he saw Arbery "hauling ass" past his house, "getting the hell out of there", prompting him to take his handgun and call for Travis; (3) that they "chased [Arbery] around the neighborhood for a bit, but he wasn't winded at all"; (4) that Arbery was "trapped like a rat" in the chase, "wanting to flee", but "realized ... he was not going to get away"; (5) that Arbery wanted to "grab [Travis'] gun and probably shoot Travis ... If he'd had gotten that shotgun, and there was no separation between Travis and him, I was going to cap his ass".<a href="#cite_note-Sayers-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-aj10-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-bynum11-173">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a> Stephan Lowrey, formerly a Glynn County police investigator who worked on the case, had interviewed Bryan at the police station later in the day of the murder. Lowrey testified that Bryan told him: (1) that he had seen Arbery "running down the road" with a truck "following", so Bryan entered his own vehicle to "assist"; (2) that he had not seen Arbery before and did not know if Arbery was involved with "any past instances", (3) that during the chase, he tried to cut off Arbery multiple times, "angled" Arbery "off the side of the road", but "didn't hit him"; and (4) that Arbery was trying to open Bryan's truck door during the chase. Lowrey further testified that Arbery's fingerprints were found on Bryan's truck door, next to a dent in the truck's body. Regarding the status of the Glynn County investigation before the Georgia Bureau of Investigation takeover, Lowrey said that it could be described as "inactive".<a href="#cite_note-Sayers-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-bynum11-173">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-aj11-175">[172]</a> Jason Seacrist, a Georgia Bureau of Investigation agent, who interviewed Bryan in May 2020, testified that (1) Bryan said he "didn't know for sure" if Arbery did something wrong, but "instinct" indicated Arbery did, and Bryan ultimately "figured he stole something"; (2) compared to his earlier interviews, Bryan played down his involvement in the chase in the later interview, stating that he wanted to slow Arbery down and take a picture of Arbery to identify him to the police.<a href="#cite_note-Alta-176">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a> Richard Dial, a Georgia Bureau of Investigation agent, led the organization's investigation into Arbery's murder. Dial testified that (1) Bryan's behavior was not that of a "witness", as he was "pursuing" Arbery and "trying to box him in between two different vehicles";<a href="#cite_note-bynum16-159">[156]</a> (2) during the chase, Bryan had to reverse his vehicle to continue his pursuit of Arbery after Arbery turned into another street and Bryan overshot the turn. Maps compiled by the Georgia Bureau of Investigation showed that the McMichaels' vehicle looped around to the other end of the street Arbery was on, such that Arbery was between Bryan and the McMichaels, with no way to leave the street without meeting one of their vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a> Other Georgia Bureau of Investigation members who testified were (1) Lawrence Kelly, who analyzed phone records and concluded that Bryan did not communicate with the McMichaels on the day of the shooting or before; (2) Jesse Worley, who said that Arbery's fingerprints were found on Bryan's truck; (3) Anne Kisler-Rao, who said that fibers from the side of Bryan's truck were consistent with those of Arbery's shirt, (4) Brian Leppard, who said that Travis' shotgun was fired very close to Arbery's armpit, close enough to touch Arbery's shirt and close enough for Arbery to possibly grab.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other">Other</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> During testimony by Cara Richardson, director of the Glynn-Brunswick 911 call center, several calls were played for the jury to hear. In July 2019, Gregory McMichael reported "a lot of break-ins in this area, automobile break-ins. And my son and I just discovered" a male suspect, "he may be living under Bluff Creek bridge ... We just made contact with him". <a href="#Prior_thefts_and_trespassing_incidents_reported">Other calls made by Travis McMichael in January 2020 and mid-February 2020</a> were also played, as well as <a href="#Security_cameras_and_911_calls_before_the_shooting">a call by Gregory McMichael at the time of the incident</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sayers-92">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a> Security camera videos showed the jury that Arbery had visited Larry English's under-construction house five times between October 2019 to February 2020.<a href="#cite_note-bynum12-82">[80]</a> The videos showed that Arbery had no bag, and he did not touch or take any items from the house.<a href="#cite_note-Mzezewa-182">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-raymond11-183">[180]</a> The jury also saw more security camera footage from the house, displaying other incidents of two white boys taking plywood from the property's garage, and separately, a white man and woman entering the house at night with a small bag.<a href="#cite_note-bynum12-82">[80]</a> English made multiple 911 calls regarding the white couple, once saying: "I know that first time they went in and stole", from the boat at his property.<a href="#cite_note-raymond11-183">[180]</a> English also called 911 over Arbery in 2019, describing him as a "trespasser".<a href="#cite_note-bynum12-82">[80]</a> Citing ill health, English did not testify live in court, but instead a September 2021 video <a href="/wiki/Deposition_(law)" title="Deposition (law)">deposition</a> of his was shown to the jury.<a href="#cite_note-bynum12-82">[80]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hanna-184">[181]</a> English testified in his deposition that (1) people frequently explored his under-construction house;<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a> (2) he called 911 on Arbery in 2019 wanting police to tell Arbery "not to be there anymore";<a href="#cite_note-bynum12-82">[80]</a> (3) he barely knew the McMichaels and had never met William Bryan;<a href="#cite_note-Mzezewa-182">[179]</a> (4) as to whether he told the McMichaels about incidents at his house – "probably", but "not sure"; (5) he had not authorized the McMichaels to confront anyone on his property; and (6) he did authorize a different neighbor (not Bryan) to check his property.<a href="#cite_note-Hanna-184">[181]</a> Kellie Parr, whose parents are residents of Satilla Shores, testified that in either December 2019 or January 2020, she saw a man at the under-construction house, whom she now believes to be Arbery. Parr said that the man was "just standing in the door frame and we just kind of looked at each other as I drove by", and that the man "didn't like hide or anything".<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a> Matthew Albenze, a Satilla Shores resident, testified that (1) he saw Arbery "just looking around" inside the under-construction house on the day of the murder; (2) in reaction to that, he put a handgun in his pocket, and called the police non-emergency number from across the street; (3) he chose not to call 911 because he "did not see an emergency"; (4) that Arbery ran off during Albenze's call, to which Albenze said: "I don't know why he took off running. I don't know if he saw me or not".<a href="#cite_note-aj10-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-bynum11-173">[170]</a> <a href="#Security_cameras_and_911_calls_before_the_shooting">Albenze's call</a> was played to the jury.<a href="#cite_note-Hauck-91">[89]</a> Edmund Donoghue, the state medical examiner who conducted Arbery's autopsy, testified that both the first and third shotgun blasts resulted in fatal injuries in Arbery, such that police or paramedics would not have been able to save Arbery's life. The first blast cut through Arbery's right wrist artery and pierced Arbery's chest, breaking ribs and causing massive internal bleeding; the second blast missed; and the third blast cut through a major artery and vein close to Arbery's left armpit, fracturing bones.<a href="#cite_note-bynum16-159">[156]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evidence_presentation_by_the_defense">Evidence presentation by the defense</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Evidence presentation by the defense">edit</a>]</div> The defense presented testimony on November 17 and 18, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-bynum18-187">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hobbs-188">[185]</a> Travis McMichael was the only defendant to testify; Gregory McMichael and William "Roddie" Bryan did not testify.<a href="#cite_note-Hobbs-188">[185]</a> On the first day of his testimony, Travis testified that (1) crime had increased in the neighborhood in the months before the shooting, but he did not have complete information on who committed the crimes;<a href="#cite_note-Abusaid-189">[186]</a> (2) he was aware that items were stolen from the boat at his neighbor's under-construction property, and that he knew that "several people" had entered the property, any of whom could have stolen the items;<a href="#cite_note-bynum18-187">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Abusaid-189">[186]</a> (3) twelve days before the shooting, he saw Arbery "creeping" outside the under-construction house and he confronted Arbery, who reached towards his waistband, leading Travis to leave and call 911, because he was "not going to chase or investigate somebody who might be armed";<a href="#cite_note-bynum18-187">[184]</a> (4) on the day of the shooting, Gregory McMichael, in nearly a "frantic state", told Travis to "grab your gun" because "the guy who has been breaking in down the road" had run past their house;<a href="#cite_note-bynum18-187">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharp-190">[187]</a> (5) he suspected that Arbery had been caught "breaking in" or been involved in an "altercation".<a href="#cite_note-Sharp-190">[187]</a> (6) when he and his father chased Arbery in Travis's vehicle, he caught up with Arbery and recognized him as the person he saw twelve days earlier; (7) he mistakenly thought his father indicated that the police had been called;<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson-191">[188]</a> (8) he chased Arbery to ask questions, with Travis asking: "Hey, what are you doing? What's going on?---" and Arbery did not reply;<a href="#cite_note-192">[189]</a> (9) he continued chasing and attempted to "de-escalate" by asking Arbery to "stop", but Arbery looked "very angry", turned around, and ran in the opposite direction;<a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson-191">[188]</a> (10) he caught up with Arbery again, saying that "police are on the way," causing Arbery to run faster, hence Travis became more suspicious;<a href="#cite_note-bynum18-187">[184]</a> (11) he also chased Arbery because he wanted to "let the police know where [Arbery was] at and watch what's going on, to see where he's going;"<a href="#cite_note-Abusaid-189">[186]</a> (12) he circled the neighborhood to track Arbery, eventually seeing him running beside a black truck, which Arbery was "hitting" and "grabbing ... looked like he was trying to get in;" (13) he had not asked Bryan to join the chase and "didn't know where [Bryan's black] truck came from;"<a href="#cite_note-Sharp-190">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson-191">[188]</a> (14) he stopped his vehicle and got out, then again asked his father if he had called police, to which his father indicated he had no phone;<a href="#cite_note-Sharp-190">[187]</a> (15) he then saw Arbery running towards him alone, viewed Arbery as "dangerous", shouted at Arbery to "stop", and reached for his shotgun from his vehicle, to which Arbery turned around and ran away.<a href="#cite_note-Hobbs-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharp-190">[187]</a> (16) regarding the final confrontation captured on video by Bryan, he saw Arbery once again running toward him, this time followed by the black truck, so he passed his cellphone to his father;<a href="#cite_note-Hobbs-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hutchinson-191">[188]</a> (17) thinking that Arbery was "going to attack", he pointed his shotgun at Arbery "to deter him to do not come at me;"<a href="#cite_note-bynum18-187">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharp-190">[187]</a> (18) Arbery ran around Travis's vehicle from the passengers side to the front, while Travis moved from the driver's side to the front of the vehicle to ensure that he could still see Arbery, thinking that Arbery "might be armed" and was a threat to Greg;<a href="#cite_note-Hobbs-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sharp-190">[187]</a> and that (19) Arbery engaged Travis at the vehicle's front, grabbing the gun and hitting him---so he shot Arbery to stop him from taking the gun.<a href="#cite_note-bynum18-187">[184]</a> On the second day of his testimony, Travis McMichael testified that (20) he never told Arbery that Arbery was under arrest for any crime, because "I didn't have time. I was still trying to get him to stop;" (21) later when making a statement to the police, he did not say that he and Gregory were trying to arrest Arbery;<a href="#cite_note-Bolden-193">[190]</a> (22) until the time he aimed his shotgun at Arbery, Arbery had not verbally threatened him or displayed any weapon, but he thought Arbery "could be a threat" because of his running at him;<a href="#cite_note-Chappell-194">[191]</a> (23) he told police that day that he "cannot remember" if Arbery had grabbed the gun when he shot him, but the account was inaccurate due to his suffering the "most traumatic event;"<a href="#cite_note-Hobbs-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[192]</a> that regarding Facebook posts he made before the shooting, (24) in January 2019 he agreed with a neighbor who wrote that thieves should be made an example of: "That's right – hope y'all catch the vermin---" then when that neighbor indicated concern over how her father may interact with thieves because he did not care about being jailed, he responded: "That's what this world needs more of ... My old man is the same way ... Hell, I'm getting that way;" and that (25) in July 2019 he wrote "Arm up" in response to a post on local crime.<a href="#cite_note-Chappell-194">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goggin-196">[193]</a> Six residents of Satilla Shores testified on behalf of the defense, relaying their perception of crime in Satilla Shores, as well as a Facebook page on Satilla Shores in which crime was discussed.<a href="#cite_note-Bolden-193">[190]</a><a href="#cite_note-Goggin-196">[193]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Closing_arguments">Closing arguments</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Closing arguments">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Black_Panther_Party,_Brunswick,_GA,_Nov_22,_2021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/New_Black_Panther_Party%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_Nov_22%2C_2021.jpg/220px-New_Black_Panther_Party%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_Nov_22%2C_2021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/New_Black_Panther_Party%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_Nov_22%2C_2021.jpg/330px-New_Black_Panther_Party%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_Nov_22%2C_2021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/New_Black_Panther_Party%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_Nov_22%2C_2021.jpg/440px-New_Black_Panther_Party%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_Nov_22%2C_2021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="3477" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/New_Black_Panther_Party" title="New Black Panther Party">New Black Panther Party</a> protesting outside the courthouse on November 22, 2021</figcaption></figure> Closing arguments were made on November 22 and 23, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetClash-197">[194]</a><a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin2-198">[195]</a> Prosecutor Linda Dunikoski argued that the defendants could not legally make a citizen's arrest of Arbery because they assumed he had committed a crime that day, whereas a citizen's arrest required "immediate knowledge" of a crime.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetClash-197">[194]</a> She stated that the alternate requirement for a citizen's arrest, suspicion of fleeing after committing a felony, was not satisfied because at most, Arbery had trespassed, which was a misdemeanor and not a felony.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetClash-197">[194]</a> Dunikoski further pointed out that Arbery had never brought "a bag, or any means to steal anything" to the under-construction house.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetClash-197">[194]</a> She rejected the notion that the defendants were acting in self-defense "because they were the initial, unjustified aggressors," while noting that Travis McMichael had pointed his shotgun at Arbery.<a href="#cite_note-bynum22-199">[196]</a> In contrast, she said Arbery had: "No weapon. No threats. No way to call for help. Didn't even have a cell phone on him. Ran away from them for five minutes."<a href="#cite_note-Romo-200">[197]</a> Jason Sheffield, the lawyer for Travis McMichael, argued that under Georgia law, the felony of burglary included entering "with the intent to steal something;" thus when Travis saw Arbery at the under-construction house twelve days before the shooting, he had probable cause to believe Arbery committed burglary and could justifiably arrest him.<a href="#cite_note-FaussetClash-197">[194]</a> While describing the incident as "tragic", Sheffield argued: "You are allowed to defend yourself. You are allowed to use force that is likely to cause death or serious bodily injury if you believe it's necessary."<a href="#cite_note-bynum22-199">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-Romo-200">[197]</a> Laura Hogue, a lawyer for Gregory McMichael, argued that "Arbery was not an innocent victim," describing him as "a recurring nighttime intruder ... frightening, and unsettling,"<a href="#cite_note-FaussetClash-197">[194]</a> who arrived in Satilla Shores "with no socks to cover his long dirty toenails."<a href="#cite_note-KnowlesBlame-201">[198]</a> She said Arbery was "acting erratically when approached and making terrible, unexpected, illogical choices," failed to "stop" or "wait, to tell the police what he was doing,"<a href="#cite_note-202">[199]</a> and ultimately died because he "chose to fight", "without any sense of reason to run at a man wielding a shotgun."<a href="#cite_note-bynum22-199">[196]</a><a href="#cite_note-KnowlesBlame-201">[198]</a> Kevin Gough, the lawyer for Bryan, argued that Bryan could not have known that the McMichaels had guns and would shoot Arbery, and that "by the time [Bryan] knew there was nothing he could do."<a href="#cite_note-FaussetClash-197">[194]</a> Gough also questioned why Arbery never asked for someone to call 911, suggesting that "Arbery doesn't want help."<a href="#cite_note-bynum22-199">[196]</a> Gough argued that if the McMichaels "were vigilantes and harbored some ill will toward" Arbery, "then what difference does it make whether Roddie Bryan was there or not?" Gough concluded by stating that Bryan's "presence is absolutely superfluous and irrelevant."<a href="#cite_note-Romo-200">[197]</a> Prosecutor Linda Dunikoski delivered the final rebuttal to defense arguments. She disputed the defense arguments that the McMichaels were afraid of crime in their neighborhood, stating that their five-minute chase of Arbery proved that they were not afraid.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin2-198">[195]</a> Dunikoski described Gregory's description of Arbery "trapped like a rat" as an acknowledgment of false imprisonment, and Gregory's description of Arbery as an "asshole" just after the shooting to be evidence of malice.<a href="#cite_note-203">[200]</a> She concluded that all three men were responsible because they all committed felonies leading up to the murder.<a href="#cite_note-McLaughlin2-198">[195]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verdict">Verdict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Verdict">edit</a>]</div> On November 24, 2021, the jury reached a verdict after 12 hours of deliberation spanning two days.<a href="#cite_note-204">[201]</a><a href="#cite_note-StraitsTimes-205">[202]</a> <ul><li>Travis McMichael was found guilty of <a href="/wiki/Malice_murder" title="Malice murder">malice murder</a>, four counts of felony murder, two counts of aggravated assault (with a firearm and with a pickup truck), false imprisonment, and criminal attempt to commit a felony (false imprisonment).<a href="#cite_note-Bragg-Hauck-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tarik-35">[33]</a></li> <li>Gregory McMichael was found guilty of four counts of felony murder, two counts of aggravated assault (with a firearm and with a pickup truck), false imprisonment, and criminal attempt to commit a felony (false imprisonment). He was found not guilty of malice murder.<a href="#cite_note-Bragg-Hauck-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tarik-35">[33]</a></li> <li>William "Roddie" Bryan was found guilty of three counts of felony murder, one count of aggravated assault (with a pickup truck), false imprisonment, and criminal attempt to commit a felony (false imprisonment). He was found not guilty of malice murder, not guilty of one count of felony murder, and not guilty of one count of aggravated assault (with a firearm).<a href="#cite_note-Bragg-Hauck-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Tarik-35">[33]</a></li></ul> A crowd outside the Glynn County courthouse cheered at the guilty verdict by the jury.<a href="#cite_note-StraitsTimes-205">[202]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentencing">Sentencing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sentencing">edit</a>]</div> As a result of the verdicts, both the McMichaels and Bryan faced mandatory sentences of <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Bynum-Nov-24-2021-11">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bragg-Hauck-34">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[203]</a> The prosecution did not seek the <a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Capital punishment in Georgia (U.S. state)">death penalty</a> in this case.<a href="#cite_note-Bragg-Hauck-34">[32]</a> On January 7, 2022, the McMichaels were sentenced to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a> with no parole and an additional 20 years, while Bryan was sentenced to life imprisonment with the possibility of parole after 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-207">[204]</a> In sentencing the defendants, Judge Walmsley said "remorse is something that's felt and demonstrated", noting that "after Ahmaud Arbery fell, the McMichaels turned their backs" and "walked away".<a href="#cite_note-208">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-209">[206]</a> Walmsley further said that Gregory McMichael "very early on in this tried to establish a narrative", when (1) at the crime scene Gregory told Travis that he had "no choice" but to shoot, and (2) at the crime scene Gregory described Arbery as "an asshole".<a href="#cite_note-210">[207]</a> Walmsley indicated that Travis appeared to be more concerned about his own well-being while Arbery lay dead at the crime scene, with Travis stating: "This is the worst day of my life." In contrast, immediately after the shooting, Bryan "demonstrated that he had grave concerns that what had occurred should not have occurred", and also "did cooperate with law enforcement", said Walmsley.<a href="#cite_note-211">[208]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[209]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Federal_trial">Federal trial</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Federal trial">edit</a>]</div> The federal trial was held at the <a href="/wiki/Frank_M._Scarlett_Federal_Building" title="Frank M. Scarlett Federal Building">Frank M. Scarlett Federal Building</a> in Brunswick, Georgia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-trial_events">Pre-trial events</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Pre-trial events">edit</a>]</div> In April 2021, all three men were indicted by a federal grand jury with one count each of interference with rights, and with one count each of attempted kidnapping. Travis McMichael and Gregory McMichael were also indicted with separate counts of using firearms during a crime of violence.<a href="#cite_note-213">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto2-7">[7]</a> The "interference with rights" charge is a hate crime, specifically claiming "that the defendants used force and threats of force to intimidate and interfere with Arbery's right to use a public street because of his race".<a href="#cite_note-auto2-7">[7]</a> The range of sentencing included the <a href="/wiki/Death_penalty" class="mw-redirect" title="Death penalty">death penalty</a>, life in prison, another prison sentence length, and a fine.<a href="#cite_note-214">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-215">[212]</a> All three men initially pleaded not guilty.<a href="#cite_note-216">[213]</a> The Justice Department filed a notice of plea agreement on January 31, 2022. The deal, signed by federal prosecutors and defense attorneys for Travis and Greg McMichael, specified 30 year sentences to be served in federal prison, in exchange for guilty pleas.<a href="#cite_note-217">[214]</a> Travis McMichael's agreement stated that he had not set out on the day of the murder to harm anyone for racist reasons, but that he had "made assumptions" about Arbery due to his race and that race played a part in his decision to chase Arbery with a gun. He also acknowledged that in digital messages he had associated black skin with "criminality" and supported vigilantism against black criminals. Greg McMichaels was prepared to plead guilty in a subsequent session. But Arbery's family took the unusual step of opposing the agreement in open court, begging the judge to reject the deal so that the McMichaels would serve their sentences in the Georgia state prison system, which was considered more dangerous and where both the interracial nature of the crime and Greg McMichael's history in law enforcement would make them likely targets of other prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-NYTMzezewal-218">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoNakamura-219">[216]</a> Caught by surprise, Assistant Attorney General for <a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Civil Rights Division">Civil Rights</a> <a href="/wiki/Kristen_Clarke" title="Kristen Clarke">Kristen Clarke</a> released a statement saying that the plea deal had been signed only after Arbery family attorneys "informed me that the family was not opposed to it." Assistant US Attorney Tara Lyons also asserted that Arbery's family had been repeatedly consulted about the agreement and were unopposed. But District Judge <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Godbey_Wood" title="Lisa Godbey Wood">Lisa Godbey Wood</a> sided with the family, acknowledging their emotional testimony as she took the rare step of rejecting the signed plea agreement, stating that she did not have enough information at that time to know whether the 30-year sentence it specified was fair.<a href="#cite_note-220">[217]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoNakamura-219">[216]</a> On February 3, Greg McMichael's lawyers indicated that he would plead not guilty; on February 4, Travis McMichael withdrew his guilty plea.<a href="#cite_note-221">[218]</a> Legal experts expressed concern that public reporting on the plea agreement could prejudice the jury and make it more difficult for the McMichaels to get a fair trial.<a href="#cite_note-NYTMzezewal-218">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoNakamura-219">[216]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Evidence_and_testimony">Evidence and testimony</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Evidence and testimony">edit</a>]</div> In the federal trial, the prosecution called 20 witnesses while the defense called one witness.<a href="#cite_note-Bynum0219-222">[219]</a> GBI agent Richard Dial testified that Arbery ran "just about every day", and that Arbery did not take anything or damage anything from the under-construction home.<a href="#cite_note-223">[220]</a> Glynn County policeman Robert Rash testified that days before the shooting he had told the McMichaels that there was no evidence that Arbery stole anything from the under-construction home.<a href="#cite_note-Bynum0218-224">[221]</a> FBI analyst Amy Vaughan testified about messages and social media posts made by Travis McMichael and William "Roddie" Bryan, which showed that Travis often described Black people as "savages" and "monkeys", linked them to criminality, and additionally stated that they "ruin everything". In January 2019, Travis wrote that a restaurant patronized by Blacks should "change the name from Cracker Barrel to Nigger Bucket"; two months later, Travis wrote that he loved his job because: "Zero niggers work with me." On social media, Travis shared a video of a young Black boy dancing, where the audio had been edited to that of a racist song entitled "Alabama Nigger" by country singer <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Rebel_(singer)" title="Johnny Rebel (singer)">Johnny Rebel</a>; Travis also reacted to a video of a Black man pranking a white man by declaring that he would "kill that fucking nigger", and then responded to a story about black people assaulting white women by stating that he "would beat those monkeys to death" if that was done to his family members.<a href="#cite_note-posts-225">[222]</a> In other social media posts, McMichael responded to a video of <a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a> protesters by wishing that he had a rifle to shoot the "goddamn monkeys", and separately called for a vehicle to drive into a group of Black people.<a href="#cite_note-BakerL-226">[223]</a> According to Vaughan's testimony, William "Roddie" Bryan stated on 2019's <a href="/wiki/MLK_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="MLK Day">MLK Day</a> that he was "working so all the niggers can take off", further describing the MLK Day's parade as the "monkey day parade". Bryan also stated that a Black man that his daughter was dating would "fit right in with the monkeys", and that this relationship "is the only thing I said I would never accept".<a href="#cite_note-posts-225">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-Janice-227">[224]</a> Vaughan testified that the FBI could not access Gregory McMichael's phone because it was <a href="/wiki/Encrypted" class="mw-redirect" title="Encrypted">encrypted</a>, but a social media post on Gregory's account four months before the shooting was found stating: "A gun in the hand is worth more than the entire police force on the phone."<a href="#cite_note-posts-225">[222]</a> During Vaughan's testimony, prosecutors showed a social media post made by Travis McMichael within two months of the shooting, where he posted a video of himself in front of a "No Trespassing" sign, while stating that he would be hunting on private property.<a href="#cite_note-228">[225]</a> Multiple videos of Travis trespassing while hunting were shown.<a href="#cite_note-Janice-227">[224]</a> Separately, GBI agent Jason Seacrist testified that a Confederate flag sticker was found pasted on Travis McMichael's truck, while a <a href="/wiki/Vanity_plate" title="Vanity plate">vanity plate</a> with a Confederate emblem was visible on police body camera footage from the day of the shooting had been removed from Travis' truck by the time investigators accessed the truck months later.<a href="#cite_note-Bynum0218-224">[221]</a> A white woman who was a former subordinate of Travis McMichael testified that Travis repeatedly called her a "nigger lover" for dating a Black man.<a href="#cite_note-229">[226]</a> A woman who met Gregory McMichael in 2015 while he was working as a prosecutor's investigator testified that Gregory reacted to the death of Georgia's <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">civil rights</a> activist <a href="/wiki/Julian_Bond" title="Julian Bond">Julian Bond</a> by wishing that Bond had died earlier, and that Gregory then said: "All those Blacks are nothing but trouble and I wish they'd all die."<a href="#cite_note-Bynum0219-222">[219]</a> A neighbor of the McMichaels said that Gregory had discussed a Black tenant of his, whom Gregory described as a "walrus". Gregory said that after he shut down the property's air-conditioning to induce the tenant to pay rent, remarking: "You should have seen how fast her big fat Black ass came with the rent check".<a href="#cite_note-230">[227]</a> The defense played a recording of Gregory McMichael telling police in July 2019 that he and Travis had confronted a homeless man staying under a bridge near Satilla Shores, due to their suspicion of him committing theft. The race of the homeless man was not mentioned. The defense's sole witness was a resident of Satilla Shores who said she had never met the McMichaels or Bryan. She testified that sometime in 2019, she saw an apparently Caucasian man under the same bridge, who seemed to be camping there, but she did not know if she saw the same person as the McMichaels.<a href="#cite_note-Bynum0219-222">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-231">[228]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Verdict_2">Verdict</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Verdict">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Awaiting_verdict_in_Arbery_Federal_trial,_2.22.22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Awaiting_verdict_in_Arbery_Federal_trial%2C_2.22.22.jpg/200px-Awaiting_verdict_in_Arbery_Federal_trial%2C_2.22.22.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Awaiting_verdict_in_Arbery_Federal_trial%2C_2.22.22.jpg/300px-Awaiting_verdict_in_Arbery_Federal_trial%2C_2.22.22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Awaiting_verdict_in_Arbery_Federal_trial%2C_2.22.22.jpg/400px-Awaiting_verdict_in_Arbery_Federal_trial%2C_2.22.22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The federal courthouse during the federal trial of the McMichaels and Bryan.</figcaption></figure> On February 22, 2022, the McMichaels and Bryan were found guilty of all counts in the federal trial.<a href="#cite_note-federalverdict-39">[37]</a> A jury of eight white people, three Black people and one Hispanic person reached a verdict in just over three hours.<a href="#cite_note-232">[229]</a> <ul><li>All three men were found guilty of using force and threats of force to intimidate and interfere with Arbery's right to use a public street because of his race.<a href="#cite_note-allcharges-5">[5]</a></li> <li>All three men were found guilty of attempted kidnapping.<a href="#cite_note-allcharges-5">[5]</a></li> <li>Travis McMichael was found guilty of using, carrying, brandishing, and firing a gun during a crime of violence.<a href="#cite_note-NdeaYB-233">[230]</a></li> <li>Greg McMichael was found guilty of using, carrying, and brandishing a gun during a crime of violence.<a href="#cite_note-NdeaYB-233">[230]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Appeals">Appeals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Appeals">edit</a>]</div> On March 8, 2022, attorneys for Travis and Greg McMichael appealed the verdict, citing that federal hate crimes laws apply only to public places, and that the crime occurred in a private street. Attorneys for Greg McMichael also appealed the conviction on targeting Arbery because he was black, citing his career as a law enforcement agent, spanning several decades, where McMichael's attorney said, there was no evidence of racist behavior.<a href="#cite_note-234">[231]</a> On March 3, 2023, all three men appealed their convictions. Attorneys for William Bryan and Gregory McMichael asked for the federal conviction to be overturned on the basis that their past racist remarks about African Americans do not prove that they killed Arbery due to his race and that they both thought that Arbery was a criminal. On the same day, attorneys for Travis McMichael also filed an appeal to overturn the conviction on similar grounds of his March 2022 initial appeal.<a href="#cite_note-235">[232]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[233]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sentencing_2">Sentencing</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sentencing">edit</a>]</div> On August 8, 2022, Travis and Gregory McMichael were sentenced to second life terms for committing a federal hate crime.<a href="#cite_note-237">[234]</a> Travis received an additional 10 years and his father Gregory seven years in addition to their life sentences.<a href="#cite_note-FederalTrialAddition-8">[8]</a> Bryan was sentenced to 35 years in prison.<a href="#cite_note-238">[235]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aftermath">Aftermath</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Aftermath">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indictment_of_former_DA_Jackie_Johnson">Indictment of former DA Jackie Johnson</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Indictment of former DA Jackie Johnson">edit</a>]</div> In May 2020, <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Georgia" title="Attorney General of Georgia">Georgia Attorney General</a> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_M._Carr" title="Christopher M. Carr">Chris Carr</a> said that his office would review how the investigation into Arbery's murder "was handled from the outset".<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a> At Carr's request, the GBI investigated whether District Attorney Jackie Johnson or District Attorney George Barnhill's actions in connection with the appointment of a conflict prosecutor to investigate the murder of Arbery constituted a crime.<a href="#cite_note-HolcombeMay12-99">[97]</a> In November 2020, Jackie Johnson lost her bid for re-election as Brunswick District Attorney.<a href="#cite_note-Savidge-239">[236]</a> On September 2, 2021, Carr announced that a Glynn County grand jury had indicted ex-District Attorney Jackie Johnson on one felony count of violating the oath of a public officer "by showing favor and affection to Greg McMichael during the investigation" (Gregory was formerly her subordinate), and for being unfair to Arbery by having "recommended Barnhill to the Attorney General's Office for appointment as the case prosecutor without disclosing that she had previously sought Barnhill's assistance on the case". The grand jury also indicted Johnson on one misdemeanor count of obstruction and hindering law enforcement, in this case the Glynn County police, "by directing that Travis McMichael should not be placed under arrest."<a href="#cite_note-Muller-46">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mangan-47">[45]</a> On September 8, Johnson turned herself in for arrest, and then was released from detention without needing to pay her $10,000 bond.<a href="#cite_note-Savidge-239">[236]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[237]</a> In response to a motion from Johnson to dismiss the charges against her, in May 2022 prosecutors submitted a response showing that Johnson engaged in 16 phone calls with defendant Greg McMichael in the period starting on the day of the shooting and extending until May 5, 2020. One of the calls lasted over 21 minutes.<a href="#cite_note-241">[238]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Federal_review_of_case">Federal review of case</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Federal review of case">edit</a>]</div> Georgia Attorney General Carr called for a federal investigation into how local investigators and authorities handled the case, including "investigation of the communications and discussions by and between the Office of the District Attorney of the Brunswick Judicial Circuit and the Office of the District Attorney of the Waycross Judicial Circuit related to this case."<a href="#cite_note-Knowles-242">[239]</a> The next day, the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> responded that the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice_Civil_Rights_Division" title="United States Department of Justice Civil Rights Division">Justice Department's Civil Rights Division</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">FBI</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Attorney_for_the_Southern_District_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Georgia">U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Georgia</a> "have been supporting and will continue fully to support and participate in the state investigation. We are assessing all of the evidence to determine whether <a href="/wiki/Hate_crime_laws_in_the_United_States" title="Hate crime laws in the United States">federal hate crimes charges</a> are appropriate."<a href="#cite_note-DOJWeigh-243">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-244">[241]</a> In April 2021, all three men were indicted for federal crimes – one count each of interference with rights (a hate crime), one count each of attempted kidnapping, and one count for each McMichael of using a firearm during a crime of violence.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reporting_on_prior_allegations_of_misconduct_by_local_authorities">Reporting on prior allegations of misconduct by local authorities</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Reporting on prior allegations of misconduct by local authorities">edit</a>]</div> The involvement of the GCPD as the primary investigator in a case involving its former officer Gregory McMichael was controversial.<a href="#cite_note-Gazaway0506-45">[43]</a> Following Arbery's murder, media investigated the history of the GCPD.<a href="#cite_note-RojasFaussetKovaleski-245">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-Carr-246">[243]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> noted that in preceding years, the department had "been accused of covering up allegations of misconduct, tampering with a crime scene, interfering in an investigation of a <a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">police shooting</a> and retaliating against fellow officers who cooperated with outside investigators."<a href="#cite_note-RojasFaussetKovaleski-245">[242]</a> Days after Arbery was fatally shot, the chief of police  – who had been brought in to clean up a police force described by the <a href="/wiki/City_manager" title="City manager">county manager</a> in 2019 as poorly trained and characterized by a "culture of cronyism"  – was indicted on charges arising from an alleged cover-up of a sexual relationship between an officer and an informant.<a href="#cite_note-RojasFaussetKovaleski-245">[242]</a> In response to a <a href="/wiki/Grand_jury" title="Grand jury">grand jury</a> report issued in November 2019, which had condemned the GCPD over "alleged officer misconduct and poor coordination with the local sheriff's office", <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia Senate">State Senator</a> William Ligon of Brunswick in early 2020 introduced legislation to allow voters to abolish the Glynn County Police Department. Although the legislation initially stalled in the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_General_Assembly" title="Georgia General Assembly">General Assembly</a>, when the legislature returned following the COVID-19 recess the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">House</a> passed the legislation 152–3.<a href="#cite_note-Evans-247">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-248">[245]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">Senate</a> then passed the legislation as Senate Bill 509, which <a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_Georgia" title="List of governors of Georgia">Governor Kemp</a> signed. The legislation allowed a November 3, 2020, binding referendum such that the police department would be abolished if a majority of Glynn County voters agreed.<a href="#cite_note-249">[246]</a> Nevertheless, the referendum was ruled unconstitutional by a superior court judge on September 11, 2020, so it did not appear on the November 3 ballot.<a href="#cite_note-250">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-251">[248]</a> Arbery's murder also prompted re-examinations of the way prosecutions of shootings were handled by the Brunswick Judicial Circuit District Attorney's Office. In 2010, two police officers fatally shot an unarmed white woman through her car windshield. Four former prosecutors, who had worked under Brunswick Judicial Circuit District Attorney Jackie Johnson, alleged that Johnson shielded the officers from criminal prosecution. A 2015 investigation by <a href="/wiki/WSB-TV" title="WSB-TV">WSB-TV</a> revealed that Johnson had agreed to withhold a draft murder indictment from the grand jury and had "allowed the officers' department to present a factually inaccurate animation they created showing the car escaping through a gap and running over the officers."<a href="#cite_note-Carr-246">[243]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hate_crimes_law_enacted">Hate crimes law enacted</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Hate crimes law enacted">edit</a>]</div> In late June 2020, Georgia enacted new bipartisan <a href="/wiki/Hate_crimes" class="mw-redirect" title="Hate crimes">hate crimes</a> legislation (House Bill 426). Previous versions of the legislation had passed the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">state House</a> but failed to pass the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_State_Senate" title="Georgia State Senate">state Senate</a>. Arbery's murder was a catalyst for passage of the bill; at the time Georgia was one of just four states without any hate-crimes legislation, as Georgia Supreme Court struck down a previous hate crimes law in 2004.<a href="#cite_note-252">[249]</a> The law requires a higher sentence for defendants convicted of targeting a victim due to "actual or perceived race, color, religion, national origin, sex, sexual orientation, gender, mental disability, or physical disability."<a href="#cite_note-Donaghue-48">[46]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citizen's_arrest_law_repealed_and_replaced">Citizen's arrest law repealed and replaced</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Citizen's arrest law repealed and replaced">edit</a>]</div> On February 16, 2021, exactly a week before the first anniversary of Arbery's murder, Georgia Governor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a> announced he would introduce legislation that would significantly amend the state's <a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_arrest" title="Citizen's arrest">citizen's arrest</a> law. Georgia's citizen's arrest law had been textually very broad in scope, dating back to the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_during_Reconstruction" title="Georgia during Reconstruction">Civil War era</a>. The legal defense argued by the defendants accused of murdering Arbery was that they were only attempting to perform a lawful citizen's arrest. Kemp criticized the law for being outdated and vague. According to Kemp, the changes would close numerous loopholes under the existing law while still protecting the rights of law-abiding citizens.<a href="#cite_note-253">[250]</a> On March 4, 2021, the proposed changes were passed out of legislative committee in the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">Georgia House of Representatives</a> by a unanimous vote. The bill, House Bill 479, received widespread and bipartisan support.<a href="#cite_note-254">[251]</a> The bill to repeal the citizen's arrest law passed the legislature and was signed by Governor Kemp on May 10, 2021.<a href="#cite_note-255">[252]</a> In repealing the citizen's arrest law, it was replaced with new legislation that allowed for certain private persons such as licensed private detectives, security guards, shopkeepers, and restaurant employees to conduct arrest under specific circumstances.<a href="#cite_note-Hurt-49">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[253]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ahmaud_Arbery_Day">Ahmaud Arbery Day</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Ahmaud Arbery Day">edit</a>]</div> On February 2, 2022, the Georgia General Assembly designated February 23 as Ahmaud Arbery Day within the state henceforth. The Georgia General Assembly further encouraged people to run 2.23 miles on this day every year to advocate for racial justice and equity.<a href="#cite_note-257">[254]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_Street">Honorary Ahmaud Arbery Street</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Honorary Ahmaud Arbery Street">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_St,_Brunswick,_GA,_US.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_St%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg/220px-Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_St%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_St%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg/330px-Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_St%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_St%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg/440px-Honorary_Ahmaud_Arbery_St%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5070" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>Street sign at the corner of Albany Street and L Street</figcaption></figure> On August 9, 2022, officials of the city of Brunswick designated that all intersections along a 2.7-mile stretch of Albany Street bear a sign in his memory.<a href="#cite_note-258">[255]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Initial_reactions">Initial reactions</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Initial reactions">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Involved_parties_and_their_families">Involved parties and their families</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Involved parties and their families">edit</a>]</div> Arbery's mother Wanda Cooper-Jones said her son was jogging when he was murdered and called for arrests to be made.<a href="#cite_note-259">[256]</a> The Arbery family retained <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a>, S. Lee Merritt, and Chris Stewart as attorneys.<a href="#cite_note-Osborne-87">[85]</a> Meritt described the McMichaels as "vigilantes" and "a posse" who "performed a modern <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">lynching</a> in the middle of the day."<a href="#cite_note-GuardianLynching-260">[257]</a> Arbery's family attorney charged that videos of earlier police encounters show a pattern of unfair treatment of Arbery based on his skin color.<a href="#cite_note-261">[258]</a> On May 1, Gregory McMichael told <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> he "never would have gone after someone for their color". He also said he had no direct evidence Arbery had stolen anything in the neighborhood. However, McMichael argued Arbery was on property "without permission".<a href="#cite_note-GlaweMay6-19">[17]</a> A lawyer for William Bryan Jr., the man who recorded the shooting using cell phone video,<a href="#cite_note-CNNBryanArrest-127">[124]</a> said his client had done nothing wrong, had fully cooperated in the investigation, and "is not now, and never has been, a 'vigilante'."<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a> The attorney also described Bryan as "a mechanic with a high-school education"<a href="#cite_note-262">[259]</a> who was simply a witness to the shooting.<a href="#cite_note-BurkeMay10-62">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[260]</a> Attorneys for Arbery's family called for Bryan's arrest. They said that because Bryan had participated in chasing Arbery and had "corralled" him, Bryan participated in the murder.<a href="#cite_note-264">[261]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_and_former_elected_officials">Current and former elected officials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Current and former elected officials">edit</a>]</div> After the video went public, Georgia Attorney General Chris Carr said, "I expect justice to be carried out as swiftly as possible." Governor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a> said on May 7 that "Georgians deserve answers" about the incident.<a href="#cite_note-ShahMay6-115">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-Biden-265">[262]</a> Two Glynn County Commissioners, Peter Murphy and Allen Booker, called for a federal probe.<a href="#cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">[99]</a> After viewing the video, Georgia U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Doug_Collins_(politician)" title="Doug Collins (politician)">Doug Collins</a> and U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Kelly_Loeffler" title="Kelly Loeffler">Kelly Loeffler</a> said it was "disturbing" and called for a full investigation and answers.<a href="#cite_note-266">[263]</a> Speaking to reporters, President <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> commented, "My heart goes out to the parents and to the loved ones of the young gentleman. It's a very sad thing."<a href="#cite_note-267">[264]</a> Then-<a href="/wiki/Presumptive_nominee" class="mw-redirect" title="Presumptive nominee">presumptive</a> 2020 Democratic presidential nominee <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a>, said that "the video is clear: Ahmaud Arbery was killed in cold blood." Biden offered condolences and called for "a swift, full, and transparent investigation into his murder."<a href="#cite_note-Biden-265">[262]</a> Biden also described the shooting as a <a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">lynching</a>.<a href="#cite_note-268">[265]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_rights_groups,_commentators,_and_the_public">Civil rights groups, commentators, and the public</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Civil rights groups, commentators, and the public">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brunswick_Georgia%27s_African_American_Cultural_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bc/Brunswick_Georgia%27s_African_American_Cultural_Center.jpg/220px-Brunswick_Georgia%27s_African_American_Cultural_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/b/bc/Brunswick_Georgia%27s_African_American_Cultural_Center.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="127" /></a><figcaption>Mural on Brunswick, Georgia's African American Cultural Center, painted in May 2020<a href="#cite_note-269">[266]</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Futures_Matter_mural,_Brunswick,_GA,_US.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Black_Futures_Matter_mural%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg/220px-Black_Futures_Matter_mural%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Black_Futures_Matter_mural%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg/330px-Black_Futures_Matter_mural%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/79/Black_Futures_Matter_mural%2C_Brunswick%2C_GA%2C_US.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="245" /></a><figcaption>Mural painted in July 2020<a href="#cite_note-270">[267]</a></figcaption></figure> After the video was released, demonstrators gathered outside the Glynn County Courthouse to demand an arrest in the case, and called for the resignation of District Attorney Jackie Johnson. The local Brunswick <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a> chapter also called for the resignation of the Glynn County police chief.<a href="#cite_note-271">[268]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> called for a federal investigation into the incident, citing their belief Arbery's murder was racially motivated.<a href="#cite_note-272">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-SPLCFederal-273">[270]</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_commentator" class="mw-redirect" title="Political commentator">Political commentator</a> and former attorney <a href="/wiki/David_A._French" class="mw-redirect" title="David A. French">David A. French</a> wrote that, under Georgia's <a href="/wiki/Stand-your-ground_law" title="Stand-your-ground law">stand-your-ground law</a>, because the McMichaels initiated the confrontation, <blockquote>It's a crime under Georgia law to point a gun (loaded or unloaded) without legal justification. When Arbery was confronted by armed men who moved directly to block him from leaving, demanding to "talk" then Arbery was entitled to defend himself. Georgia's 'stand your ground law' arguably benefits Arbery, not those who were attempting to falsely imprison him at gunpoint.<a href="#cite_note-FrenchDispatch-274">[271]</a></blockquote> On May 8, 2020, which would have been Arbery's 26th birthday, thousands of supporters of Arbery's family took part in a run of 2.23 miles (3.59 km), the date of his murder; they documented it to social media with the hashtag #IRunWithMaud.<a href="#cite_note-275">[272]</a> Many clergy and celebrities have voiced support for review of the case, and concern about the violence.<a href="#cite_note-Klett2020-42">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Russell_D._Moore" title="Russell D. Moore">Russell D. Moore</a>, head of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Religious_Liberty_Commission" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission">Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission</a>, said, "under any Christian vision of justice, there is no situation in which the mob murder of a person can be morally right, nor grounds for a person to be chased down and shot by private citizens."<a href="#cite_note-Klett2020-42">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/LeBron_James" title="LeBron James">LeBron James</a> expressed outrage on Twitter, and offered "prayers and blessings".<a href="#cite_note-276">[273]</a> Some posted tributes to Arbery, including <a href="/wiki/Lecrae" title="Lecrae">Lecrae</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_A._French" class="mw-redirect" title="David A. French">David A. French</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christ_Presbyterian_Church_(Nashville,_Tennessee)" title="Christ Presbyterian Church (Nashville, Tennessee)">Scott Sauls</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_Caine" title="Christine Caine">Christine Caine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Graham_(pastor)" title="Jack Graham (pastor)">Jack Graham</a>, <a href="/wiki/J._D._Greear" title="J. D. Greear">J. D. Greear</a>, <a href="/wiki/Viola_Davis" title="Viola Davis">Viola Davis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wanda_Sykes" title="Wanda Sykes">Wanda Sykes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Padma_Lakshmi" title="Padma Lakshmi">Padma Lakshmi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gabrielle_Union" title="Gabrielle Union">Gabrielle Union</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andy_Lassner" title="Andy Lassner">Andy Lassner</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Klett2020-42">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[274]</a> On social media, <a href="/wiki/Far-right" class="mw-redirect" title="Far-right">far-right</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazi" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazi">neo-Nazi</a> groups spread falsehoods about Arbery; their <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">white-nationalist</a> supporters attacked <a href="/wiki/President_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="President Trump">President Trump</a> for his sympathetic comments regarding Arbery. According to an analyst from the <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_Media_Research_Institute" title="Middle East Media Research Institute">Middle East Media Research Institute</a>, such groups claimed Arbery was wielding a hammer and wearing Timberland boots when he was shot dead; Arbery was wearing running shoes and did not have a hammer. They also spread racist remarks about Arbery, and claimed that the McMichaels and Bryan were victims. Several far-right groups said the McMichaels' and Bryan's arrests reflected a bias against whites.<a href="#cite_note-278">[275]</a> Some far-right members appropriated "jogger" as a euphemism for "nigger" to both mock the circumstance surrounding his death, and as a way to circumvent anti-hate speech policies.<a href="#cite_note-279">[276]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reactions_to_the_verdict">Reactions to the verdict</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Reactions to the verdict">edit</a>]</div> Civil rights leaders and politicians reacted overwhelmingly to the verdict with hopeful yet cautionary statements, and Arbery's family thanked those who showed support.<a href="#cite_note-Luscombe-280">[277]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schnell-281">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Civil_rights_leaders">Civil rights leaders</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Civil rights leaders">edit</a>]</div> Arbery family lawyer and civil rights attorney <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a> said, "Today certainly indicates progress, but we are nowhere close to the finish line. Keep marching. Keep fighting for what is right. And never stop running for Ahmaud."<a href="#cite_note-Luscombe-280">[277]</a> Crump added, "While today is not one for celebration, it is one for reflection."<a href="#cite_note-Schnell-281">[278]</a> <a href="/wiki/Derrick_Johnson_(activist)" title="Derrick Johnson (activist)">Derrick Johnson</a>, President and CEO of the <a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">NAACP</a>, called the verdict "long overdue."<a href="#cite_note-Schnell-281">[278]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Family">edit</a>]</div> Arbery's mother Wanda Cooper-Jones has said, "It's been a long fight, it's been a hard fight...Thank you to those who marched, the ones who prayed, thank you."<a href="#cite_note-Luscombe-280">[277]</a> Arbery's father Marcus Arbery commented, "We conquered that lynch mob."<a href="#cite_note-Luscombe-280">[277]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_and_former_elected_officials_2">Current and former elected officials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Current and former elected officials">edit</a>]</div> Georgia Governor <a href="/wiki/Brian_Kemp" title="Brian Kemp">Brian Kemp</a> condemned the actions of the murderers, saying Arbery "was the victim of a vigilantism that has no place in Georgia."<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-Reactions-282">[279]</a> Kemp and Georgia Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Christopher_M._Carr" title="Christopher M. Carr">Chris Carr</a> each called for community, state, and national "healing and reconciliation."<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-Reactions-282">[279]</a> Activist and former Minority Leader of the <a href="/wiki/Georgia_House_of_Representatives" title="Georgia House of Representatives">Georgia House of Representatives</a> <a href="/wiki/Stacey_Abrams" title="Stacey Abrams">Stacey Abrams</a> said, "A jury believed the evidence of their eyes and saw the meanness in the killers' hearts. May this verdict bring a small measure of peace."<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-Reactions-282">[279]</a> U.S. Senator <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Warnock" title="Raphael Warnock">Raphael Warnock</a> from Georgia said the verdict "upholds a sense of accountability, but not true justice."<a href="#cite_note-Schnell-281">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-Reuters-Reactions-282">[279]</a> Warnock's colleague Georgia Senator <a href="/wiki/Jon_Ossoff" title="Jon Ossoff">Jon Ossoff</a> said, "A historic civil rights mobilization was necessary for the killers to face prosecution at all...[demonstrating] profoundly the urgency of reforms to make equal justice real in America."<a href="#cite_note-Schnell-281">[278]</a> President <a href="/wiki/Joe_Biden" title="Joe Biden">Joe Biden</a> said Arbery's murder was "a devastating reminder of how far we have to go in the fight for racial justice in this country."<a href="#cite_note-Schnell-281">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-Luscombe-280">[277]</a> Vice President <a href="/wiki/Kamala_Harris" title="Kamala Harris">Kamala Harris</a> said, "We honor (Arbery) best by continuing the fight for justice."<a href="#cite_note-Schnell-281">[278]</a> <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Congressional Black Caucus</a> chair <a href="/wiki/Joyce_Beatty" title="Joyce Beatty">Joyce Beatty</a> said, "This story – although devastating – is not new; we've seen this play out repeatedly...Justice has been served. However, there is still much work to be done."<a href="#cite_note-Reuters-Reactions-282">[279]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_while_black" class="mw-redirect" title="Running while black">Running while black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynchings_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynchings in the United States">Lynchings in the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> Plus 10-year <a href="/wiki/Suspended_sentence" title="Suspended sentence">suspended sentence</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> After being convicted of murder during a State trial on November 24, 2021, the defendants were also convicted of interference with rights (a hate crime) at a federal trial on February 22, 2022. </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> A felony murder, under Georgia law, is a killing committed during the commission of a felony; an <a href="/wiki/Intention_(criminal_law)" title="Intention (criminal law)">intent to kill</a> is not a required <a href="/wiki/Element_(criminal_law)" title="Element (criminal law)">element</a> of felony murder.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ReutersFalse-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReutersFalse_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReutersFalse_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReutersFalse_1-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/jury-deliberates-hate-crimes-charges-against-ahmaud-arberys-killers-georgia-2022-02-22/">'Rest in power:' Arbery's killers guilty on all federal hate-crimes charges</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228164406/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/jury-deliberates-hate-crimes-charges-against-ahmaud-arberys-killers-georgia-2022-02-22/">Archived</a> February 28, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, Feb. 22, 2022 </li> <li id="cite_note-NewsHour-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NewsHour_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewsHour_2-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NewsHour_2-2">c</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/cop-told-hate-crime-defendants-no-evidence-of-arbery-stealing">Cop told hate crime defendants no evidence of Arbery stealing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228165926/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/cop-told-hate-crime-defendants-no-evidence-of-arbery-stealing">Archived</a> February 28, 2022, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a>, Feb. 22, 2022 </li> <li id="cite_note-FaussetMay10-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay10_3-8">i</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFausset2020" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia.html">"What We Know About the Shooting Death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200511074019/https://www.nytimes.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+We+Know+About+the+Shooting+Death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MckayViral-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MckayViral_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MckayViral_4-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MckayViral_4-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMckay2021" class="citation news cs1">Mckay, Rich (October 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/why-viral-video-is-key-evidence-trial-men-accused-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-10-25/">"Factbox: Why a viral video is key evidence in trial of men accused of killing Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122103759/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/why-viral-video-is-key-evidence-trial-men-accused-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-10-25/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+Why+a+viral+video+is+key+evidence+in+trial+of+men+accused+of+killing+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Mckay&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fwhy-viral-video-is-key-evidence-trial-men-accused-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-10-25%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-allcharges-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allcharges_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allcharges_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allcharges_5-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-allcharges_5-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakamuraCoker2022" class="citation news cs1">Nakamura, David; Coker, Margaret (February 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223173531/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/22/arbery-verdict-hate-crimes/">"Three White men guilty of hate crimes charges in connection with Ahmaud Arbery murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/22/arbery-verdict-hate-crimes/">the original</a> on February 23, 2022. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Three+White+men+guilty+of+hate+crimes+charges+in+connection+with+Ahmaud+Arbery+murder&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Coker%2C+Margaret&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2F2022%2F02%2F22%2Farbery-verdict-hate-crimes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FaussetIndict-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetIndict_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetIndict_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetIndict_6-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFausset2020" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard (June 24, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/us/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-murder-indictment.html">"Suspects in Ahmaud Arbery's Killing Are Indicted on Murder Charges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081520/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/24/us/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-murder-indictment.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Suspects+in+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Killing+Are+Indicted+on+Murder+Charges&rft.date=2020-06-24&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F24%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-murder-indictment.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto2-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_7-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_7-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_7-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto2_7-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/three-georgia-men-charged-federal-hate-crimes-and-attempted-kidnapping-connection-death">"Three Georgia Men Charged with Federal Hate Crimes and Attempted Kidnapping in Connection with the Death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. Office of Public Affairs (Press release). <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>. April 28, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428220531/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/three-georgia-men-charged-federal-hate-crimes-and-attempted-kidnapping-connection-death">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Three+Georgia+Men+Charged+with+Federal+Hate+Crimes+and+Attempted+Kidnapping+in+Connection+with+the+Death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+Justice&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fopa%2Fpr%2Fthree-georgia-men-charged-federal-hate-crimes-and-attempted-kidnapping-connection-death&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FederalTrialAddition-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FederalTrialAddition_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FederalTrialAddition_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FederalTrialAddition_8-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-judge-sentences-three-men-convicted-racially-motivated-hate-crimes-connection-killing">"Federal Judge Sentences Three Men Convicted of Racially Motivated Hate Crimes in Connection with the Killing of Ahmaud Arbery in Georgia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">United States Department of Justice</a>. August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+Justice&rft.atitle=Federal+Judge+Sentences+Three+Men+Convicted+of+Racially+Motivated+Hate+Crimes+in+Connection+with+the+Killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+in+Georgia&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov%2Fopa%2Fpr%2Ffederal-judge-sentences-three-men-convicted-racially-motivated-hate-crimes-connection-killing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bynum-Nov-24-2021-11">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum-Nov-24-2021_11-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum-Nov-24-2021_11-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (November 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-georgia-brunswick-f2549024973cdcc757c02bd0a07bf5cf">"3 men charged in Ahmaud Arbery's death convicted of murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125005504/https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-georgia-brunswick-f2549024973cdcc757c02bd0a07bf5cf">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=3+men+charged+in+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death+convicted+of+murder&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-georgia-brunswick-f2549024973cdcc757c02bd0a07bf5cf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IndependentFalse-12"><a href="#cite_ref-IndependentFalse_12-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/ahmaud-arbery-trial-gregory-mcmichaels-b1952385.html">"Ahmaud Arbery: Police told McMichaels Black jogger wasn't a burglar days before shooting, prosecutor says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Independent.co.uk" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent.co.uk">Independent.co.uk</a>. November 5, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220104005320/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/ahmaud-arbery-trial-gregory-mcmichaels-b1952385.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 4, 2022. Retrieved March 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent.co.uk&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%3A+Police+told+McMichaels+Black+jogger+wasn%27t+a+burglar+days+before+shooting%2C+prosecutor+says&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery-trial-gregory-mcmichaels-b1952385.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-time-13"><a href="#cite_ref-time_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6149999/ahmaud-arbery-hate-crimes-trial-guilty/">"Ahmaud Arbery Killers Found Guilty in Hate Crimes Case"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301043515/https://time.com/6149999/ahmaud-arbery-hate-crimes-trial-guilty/">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+Killers+Found+Guilty+in+Hate+Crimes+Case&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6149999%2Fahmaud-arbery-hate-crimes-trial-guilty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMike_Hayes,_Aditi_Sangal_and_Meg_Wagner2022" class="citation web cs1">Mike Hayes, Aditi Sangal and Meg Wagner (February 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/ahmaud-arbery-killing-hate-crimes-verdict/index.html">"Live updates: Ahmaud Arbery's killers found guilty on all counts in federal hate crime trial"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228202137/https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/ahmaud-arbery-killing-hate-crimes-verdict/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Live+updates%3A+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers+found+guilty+on+all+counts+in+federal+hate+crime+trial&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.au=Mike+Hayes%2C+Aditi+Sangal+and+Meg+Wagner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fus%2Flive-news%2Fahmaud-arbery-killing-hate-crimes-verdict%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tmz.com/2020/05/05/shooting-video-unarmed-black-man-killed-ahmaud-arbery-georgia-jogging">"Video Emerges, Grand Jury to Convene"</a>. May 5, 2020. Retrieved July 21, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Video+Emerges%2C+Grand+Jury+to+Convene&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmz.com%2F2020%2F05%2F05%2Fshooting-video-unarmed-black-man-killed-ahmaud-arbery-georgia-jogging&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wjxt_DA_advised-16">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wjxt_DA_advised_16-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wjxt_DA_advised_16-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWileyParker2020" class="citation news cs1">Wiley, Kelly; Parker, Marilyn (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2020/05/09/district-attorney-advised-not-to-make-arrests-on-day-of-ahmaud-arbery-shooting-glynn-county-spokesperson-says/">"District attorney advised not to make arrests on day of Ahmaud Arbery shooting, Glynn spokesperson says"</a>. WJXT. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517215440/https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2020/05/09/district-attorney-advised-not-to-make-arrests-on-day-of-ahmaud-arbery-shooting-glynn-county-spokesperson-says/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WJXT&rft.atitle=District+attorney+advised+not+to+make+arrests+on+day+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+shooting%2C+Glynn+spokesperson+says&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.au=Parker%2C+Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news4jax.com%2Fnews%2Fgeorgia%2F2020%2F05%2F09%2Fdistrict-attorney-advised-not-to-make-arrests-on-day-of-ahmaud-arbery-shooting-glynn-county-spokesperson-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KingMay8-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KingMay8_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KingMay8_17-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2020" class="citation news cs1">King, Michael (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbrey-case-first-2-das-connected-to-greg-mcmichael/85-57226cbd-de11-4369-8a76-284a52f0aeab">"First two DAs in Arbery case forced to recuse themselves before 3rd DA moved forward"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WXIA-TV" title="WXIA-TV">11 Alive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081338/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbrey-case-first-2-das-connected-to-greg-mcmichael/85-57226cbd-de11-4369-8a76-284a52f0aeab">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=11+Alive&rft.atitle=First+two+DAs+in+Arbery+case+forced+to+recuse+themselves+before+3rd+DA+moved+forward&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbrey-case-first-2-das-connected-to-greg-mcmichael%2F85-57226cbd-de11-4369-8a76-284a52f0aeab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MayesMay11-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-MayesMay11_18-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMayes2020" class="citation news cs1">Mayes, Aisha (May 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wgxa.tv/news/local/attorney-general-carr-asks-department-of-justice-to-investigate-handling-of-arbery-case">"Attorney General Carr asks Department of Justice to investigate handling of Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WGXA" title="WGXA">WGXA</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081337/https://wgxa.tv/news/local/attorney-general-carr-asks-department-of-justice-to-investigate-handling-of-arbery-case">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Attorney+General+Carr+asks+Department+of+Justice+to+investigate+handling+of+Arbery+case&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.aulast=Mayes&rft.aufirst=Aisha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwgxa.tv%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fattorney-general-carr-asks-department-of-justice-to-investigate-handling-of-arbery-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlaweMay6-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlaweMay6_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlaweMay6_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlaweMay6_19-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlawe2020" class="citation news cs1">Glawe, Justin (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-shooting-of-ahmaud-arbery-an-unarmed-black-man-is-roiling-georgia">"'It's Murder': This Shooting of an Unarmed Black Man Is Roiling Georgia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200507213755/https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-shooting-of-ahmaud-arbery-an-unarmed-black-man-is-roiling-georgia">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=%27It%27s+Murder%27%3A+This+Shooting+of+an+Unarmed+Black+Man+Is+Roiling+Georgia&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Glawe&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fthe-shooting-of-ahmaud-arbery-an-unarmed-black-man-is-roiling-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HaneyMay8-20">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HaneyMay8_20-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HaneyMay8_20-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaney2020" class="citation news cs1">Haney, Adrianne (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.khou.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery-case-had-insufficient-probable-cause-recused-da/85-78cfa666-728c-48e6-9f99-9917b1249eb0">"Recused District Attorney found 'insufficient probable cause' for immediate arrests in Ahmaud Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KHOU_11" class="mw-redirect" title="KHOU 11">KHOU 11</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081412/https://www.khou.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery-case-had-insufficient-probable-cause-recused-da/85-78cfa666-728c-48e6-9f99-9917b1249eb0">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KHOU+11&rft.atitle=Recused+District+Attorney+found+%27insufficient+probable+cause%27+for+immediate+arrests+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+case&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Haney&rft.aufirst=Adrianne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.khou.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery-case-had-insufficient-probable-cause-recused-da%2F85-78cfa666-728c-48e6-9f99-9917b1249eb0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-winne-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-winne_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-winne_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinne2020" class="citation news cs1">Winne, Mark (May 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/exclusive-man-charged-ahmaud-arbery-murder-leaked-original-video-shooting/KCWVSD4IP5FPRO24I47ZBMPPNE/">"Man charged in Ahmaud Arbery murder leaked original video of the shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WSB-TV" title="WSB-TV">WSB-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081244/https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/exclusive-man-charged-ahmaud-arbery-murder-leaked-original-video-shooting/KCWVSD4IP5FPRO24I47ZBMPPNE/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WSB-TV&rft.atitle=Man+charged+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+murder+leaked+original+video+of+the+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-15&rft.aulast=Winne&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsbtv.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fexclusive-man-charged-ahmaud-arbery-murder-leaked-original-video-shooting%2FKCWVSD4IP5FPRO24I47ZBMPPNE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WGIG-22">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WGIG_22-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WGIG_22-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200505151823/https://1440wgig.iheart.com/content/2020-05-04-video-of-arbery-shooting-warning-graphic-disturbing-content/">"Video of Arbery Shooting – Warning: Graphic, Disturbing Content"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WGIG" title="WGIG">WGIG</a>. May 5, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://1440wgig.iheart.com/content/2020-05-04-video-of-arbery-shooting-warning-graphic-disturbing-content/">the original</a> on May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WGIG&rft.atitle=Video+of+Arbery+Shooting+%E2%80%93+Warning%3A+Graphic%2C+Disturbing+Content&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F1440wgig.iheart.com%2Fcontent%2F2020-05-04-video-of-arbery-shooting-warning-graphic-disturbing-content%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CollinsMay6-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CollinsMay6_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CollinsMay6_23-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CollinsMay6_23-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CollinsMay6_23-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CollinsMay6_23-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins2020" class="citation news cs1">Collins, Sean (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/5/6/21249202/ahmaud-arbery-jogger-killed-in-georgia-video-shooting-grand-jury">"The killing of Ahmaud Arbery, an unarmed black jogger in Georgia, explained"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200507153207/https://www.vox.com/identities/2020/5/6/21249202/ahmaud-arbery-jogger-killed-in-georgia-video-shooting-grand-jury">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020. <q>The video then shows the black man trying to run around the truck. It's not possible to see what happens next, but there's a gunshot; the black man and the white man who was standing in the road reappear in the frame, engaged in a struggle...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=The+killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%2C+an+unarmed+black+jogger+in+Georgia%2C+explained&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2Fidentities%2F2020%2F5%2F6%2F21249202%2Fahmaud-arbery-jogger-killed-in-georgia-video-shooting-grand-jury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BooneMay5-24">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BooneMay5_24-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BooneMay5_24-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BooneMay5_24-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BooneMay5_24-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooneRoughton2020" class="citation news cs1">Boone, Christian; Roughton, Bert (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/local/bring-charges-against-brunswick-shooter/fz7taEww0Nqfedg8JgXm2K/">"GBI to launch state investigation into Brunswick shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507203945/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/bring-charges-against-brunswick-shooter/fz7taEww0Nqfedg8JgXm2K/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=GBI+to+launch+state+investigation+into+Brunswick+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Boone&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Roughton%2C+Bert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbring-charges-against-brunswick-shooter%2Ffz7taEww0Nqfedg8JgXm2K%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BalkMay5-25">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BalkMay5_25-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BalkMay5_25-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalk2020" class="citation news cs1">Balk, Tim (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-georgia-prosecutor-review-ahmaud-arbery-20200505-ecu37evkjba5pcavwne3cfctim-story.html">"Georgia prosecutor calls for grand jury review of fatal shooting of black 25-year-old"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Daily_News" title="New York Daily News">New York Daily News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081342/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/ny-georgia-prosecutor-review-ahmaud-arbery-20200505-ecu37evkjba5pcavwne3cfctim-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Georgia+prosecutor+calls+for+grand+jury+review+of+fatal+shooting+of+black+25-year-old&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Balk&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nydailynews.com%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fny-georgia-prosecutor-review-ahmaud-arbery-20200505-ecu37evkjba5pcavwne3cfctim-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arrests-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Arrests_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinsor2020" class="citation news cs1">Winsor, Morgan (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/mother-unarmed-black-man-killed-georgia-speaks-ahmaud/story?id=70552216">"Father and son charged with murder of unarmed black man Ahmaud Arbery in Georgia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508012750/https://abcnews.go.com/US/mother-unarmed-black-man-killed-georgia-speaks-ahmaud/story?id=70552216">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Father+and+son+charged+with+murder+of+unarmed+black+man+Ahmaud+Arbery+in+Georgia&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Winsor&rft.aufirst=Morgan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fmother-unarmed-black-man-killed-georgia-speaks-ahmaud%2Fstory%3Fid%3D70552216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stelloh-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Stelloh_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelloh2020" class="citation news cs1">Stelloh, Tim (May 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-who-recorded-ahmaud-arbery-s-shooting-death-video-arrested-n1212496">"Man who recorded Ahmaud Arbery's shooting death on video arrested, charged with murder"</a>. NBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081244/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/man-who-recorded-ahmaud-arbery-s-shooting-death-video-arrested-n1212496">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Man+who+recorded+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+shooting+death+on+video+arrested%2C+charged+with+murder&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft.aulast=Stelloh&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fman-who-recorded-ahmaud-arbery-s-shooting-death-video-arrested-n1212496&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BryanCharged-28">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BryanCharged_28-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BryanCharged_28-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BryanCharged_28-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2020" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (May 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200531120427/https://apnews.com/6ddb1bc1bb83a928006c970e9fb1d00f">"Man who filmed Arbery shooting video charged in his slaying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/6ddb1bc1bb83a928006c970e9fb1d00f">the original</a> on May 31, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Man+who+filmed+Arbery+shooting+video+charged+in+his+slaying&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F6ddb1bc1bb83a928006c970e9fb1d00f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4thDA-29">^ <a href="#cite_ref-4thDA_29-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4thDA_29-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4thDA_29-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-4thDA_29-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrice-SaddlerWootson2020" class="citation news cs1">Brice-Saddler, Michael; Wootson, Cleve R. Jr (May 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/11/ahmaud-arbery-new-prosecutor/">"Georgia attorney general assigns fourth prosecutor in killing of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081401/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/11/ahmaud-arbery-new-prosecutor/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Georgia+attorney+general+assigns+fourth+prosecutor+in+killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.aulast=Brice-Saddler&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Wootson%2C+Cleve+R.+Jr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F05%2F11%2Fahmaud-arbery-new-prosecutor%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-APSlur-30">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APSlur_30-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-APSlur_30-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-APSlur_30-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-APSlur_30-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2020" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (June 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/american-protests-us-news-ap-top-news-shootings-virus-outbreak-7122aaf2c54ed22590a5b8d32565a58f">"Prosecutors describe use of racist slur as Ahmaud Arbery lay dying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081244/https://apnews.com/7122aaf2c54ed22590a5b8d32565a58f">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+describe+use+of+racist+slur+as+Ahmaud+Arbery+lay+dying&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Famerican-protests-us-news-ap-top-news-shootings-virus-outbreak-7122aaf2c54ed22590a5b8d32565a58f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReutersSlur-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReutersSlur_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReutersSlur_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLayne2020" class="citation news cs1">Layne, Nathan (June 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN23B2H4">"White defendant used racial slur after shooting Ahmaud Arbery, investigator testifies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211101215403/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSKBN23B2H4">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021. <q>'Mr. Bryan said that after the shooting took place before police arrival, while Mr. Arbery was on the ground, that he heard Travis McMichael make the statement: fucking nigger,' Dial said in testimony.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=White+defendant+used+racial+slur+after+shooting+Ahmaud+Arbery%2C+investigator+testifies&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FidUSKBN23B2H4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-restcase-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-restcase_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-restcase_32-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/defendants-rest-case-georgia-trial-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-18/">"Defendants rest case in Georgia trial for killing of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124101835/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/defendants-rest-case-georgia-trial-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-18/">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Defendants+rest+case+in+Georgia+trial+for+killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fdefendants-rest-case-georgia-trial-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GPB-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GPB_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GPB_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/11/24/trio-found-guilty-of-ahmaud-arberys-murder">"Trio found guilty of Ahmaud Arbery's murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia Public Broadcasting</a>. November 24, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125043442/https://www.gpb.org/news/2021/11/24/trio-found-guilty-of-ahmaud-arberys-murder">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Georgia+Public+Broadcasting&rft.atitle=Trio+found+guilty+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+murder&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpb.org%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Ftrio-found-guilty-of-ahmaud-arberys-murder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bragg-Hauck-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bragg-Hauck_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bragg-Hauck_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bragg-Hauck_34-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bragg-Hauck_34-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bragg-Hauck_34-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bragg-Hauck_34-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYancey-BraggHauck2021" class="citation news cs1">Yancey-Bragg, N'dea; Hauck, Grace (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/24/what-malice-murder-charges-murder-ahmaud-arbery-explained/8747459002/">"What were the charges, what could be the sentences in the murder of Ahmaud Arbery?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125031557/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/24/what-malice-murder-charges-murder-ahmaud-arbery-explained/8747459002/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=What+were+the+charges%2C+what+could+be+the+sentences+in+the+murder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%3F&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Yancey-Bragg&rft.aufirst=N%27dea&rft.au=Hauck%2C+Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Fwhat-malice-murder-charges-murder-ahmaud-arbery-explained%2F8747459002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tarik-35">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tarik_35-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tarik_35-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tarik_35-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tarik_35-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMinorHarrisParker2021" class="citation news cs1">Minor, Tarik; Harris, Jenese; Parker, Marilyn (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2021/11/24/verdict-is-in-jury-hearing-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-has-reached-a-verdict/">"All 3 men charged in Ahmaud Arbery's death convicted of murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News4Jax" class="mw-redirect" title="News4Jax">News4Jax</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125031558/https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2021/11/24/verdict-is-in-jury-hearing-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-has-reached-a-verdict/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News4Jax&rft.atitle=All+3+men+charged+in+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death+convicted+of+murder&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Minor&rft.aufirst=Tarik&rft.au=Harris%2C+Jenese&rft.au=Parker%2C+Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news4jax.com%2Fnews%2Fgeorgia%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Fverdict-is-in-jury-hearing-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-has-reached-a-verdict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ortiz-36">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ortiz_36-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ortiz_36-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrtiz2021" class="citation news cs1">Ortiz, Erik (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/crime-courts/only-one-defendant-ahmaud-arbery-killing-was-guilty-malice-murder-rcna6660">"Why only one defendant in Ahmaud Arbery killing was guilty of malice murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126035253/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/crime-courts/only-one-defendant-ahmaud-arbery-killing-was-guilty-malice-murder-rcna6660">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Why+only+one+defendant+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+killing+was+guilty+of+malice+murder&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Ortiz&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime-courts%2Fonly-one-defendant-ahmaud-arbery-killing-was-guilty-malice-murder-rcna6660&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sentencing-37"><a href="#cite_ref-Sentencing_37-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/07/us/ahmaud-arbery-sentencing-killers-mcmichael-bryan/index.html">"The sentencing of the defendants of Ahmaud Arbery's murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN_News" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN News">CNN News</a>. January 7, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107230101/https://www.cnn.com/2022/01/07/us/ahmaud-arbery-sentencing-killers-mcmichael-bryan/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+News&rft.atitle=The+sentencing+of+the+defendants+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+murder&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F01%2F07%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-sentencing-killers-mcmichael-bryan%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffith2022" class="citation news cs1">Griffith, Janelle (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/three-men-convicted-murdering-ahmaud-arbery-sentenced-life-prison-rcna10901">"Three men convicted of murdering Ahmaud Arbery sentenced to life in prison"</a>. NBC News. NBC. NBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107230503/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/three-men-convicted-murdering-ahmaud-arbery-sentenced-life-prison-rcna10901">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Three+men+convicted+of+murdering+Ahmaud+Arbery+sentenced+to+life+in+prison&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Janelle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fthree-men-convicted-murdering-ahmaud-arbery-sentenced-life-prison-rcna10901&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-federalverdict-39">^ <a href="#cite_ref-federalverdict_39-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-federalverdict_39-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2022" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Liz (February 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/02/22/1082225480/ahmaud-arbery-hate-crimes">"A jury finds Ahmaud Arbery's 3 killers guilty of federal hate crimes"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224035255/https://www.npr.org/2022/02/22/1082225480/ahmaud-arbery-hate-crimes">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A+jury+finds+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+3+killers+guilty+of+federal+hate+crimes&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F02%2F22%2F1082225480%2Fahmaud-arbery-hate-crimes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WhyItTook-40"><a href="#cite_ref-WhyItTook_40-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2020" class="citation news cs1">Ellis, Nicquel Terry (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2020/05/07/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-video-prosecutor-arrest-mcmichael/3089040001/">"Why it took more than 2 months for murder charges and arrests in the death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509150138/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2020/05/07/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-video-prosecutor-arrest-mcmichael/3089040001/">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020. <q>The original decision not to arrest the McMichaels or Bryan, and the more than two months that passed before charges were filed, fueled outcry across the nation with attorneys for Arbery's family saying he was racially profiled.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Why+it+took+more+than+2+months+for+murder+charges+and+arrests+in+the+death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Nicquel+Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2020%2F05%2F07%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-video-prosecutor-arrest-mcmichael%2F3089040001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-W74-41"><a href="#cite_ref-W74_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWootsonBrice-Saddler2020" class="citation news cs1">Wootson, Cleve R. Jr; Brice-Saddler, Michael (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/outraged-by-the-delayed-arrests-in-killing-of-black-jogger-protesters-in-georgia-demand-justice/2020/05/08/8e7d212a-90a9-11ea-9e23-6914ee410a5f_story.html">"It took 74 days for suspects to be charged in the death of a black jogger. Many people are asking why it took so long"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200509022257/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/outraged-by-the-delayed-arrests-in-killing-of-black-jogger-protesters-in-georgia-demand-justice/2020/05/08/8e7d212a-90a9-11ea-9e23-6914ee410a5f_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=It+took+74+days+for+suspects+to+be+charged+in+the+death+of+a+black+jogger.+Many+people+are+asking+why+it+took+so+long.&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Wootson&rft.aufirst=Cleve+R.+Jr&rft.au=Brice-Saddler%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational%2Foutraged-by-the-delayed-arrests-in-killing-of-black-jogger-protesters-in-georgia-demand-justice%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2F8e7d212a-90a9-11ea-9e23-6914ee410a5f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klett2020-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Klett2020_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klett2020_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klett2020_42-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Klett2020_42-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlett2020" class="citation news cs1">Klett, Leah MarieAnn (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.christianpost.com/news/pastors-evangelical-leaders-condemn-ahmaud-arbery-killing-issue-call-for-justice.html?page=2">"Pastors, evangelical leaders condemn Ahmaud Arbery killing, issue call for justice"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Post" title="The Christian Post">The Christian Post</a>. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200508034820/https://www.christianpost.com/news/pastors-evangelical-leaders-condemn-ahmaud-arbery-killing-issue-call-for-justice.html?page=2">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Post&rft.atitle=Pastors%2C+evangelical+leaders+condemn+Ahmaud+Arbery+killing%2C+issue+call+for+justice&rft.pages=2&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Klett&rft.aufirst=Leah+MarieAnn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.christianpost.com%2Fnews%2Fpastors-evangelical-leaders-condemn-ahmaud-arbery-killing-issue-call-for-justice.html%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmy2020" class="citation news cs1">Amy, Jeff (May 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/shootings-us-news-ap-top-news-arrests-ga-state-wire-b6c81596c4f90e060671fd1c72428376">"Georgia AG requests federal probe in handling of Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081317/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/georgia-attorney-general-federal-investigation-request-ahmaud-arbery-1.5564010">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Georgia+AG+requests+federal+probe+in+handling+of+Arbery+case&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft.aulast=Amy&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fshootings-us-news-ap-top-news-arrests-ga-state-wire-b6c81596c4f90e060671fd1c72428376&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WileyMay8-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WileyMay8_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WileyMay8_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWileyPatrickBynum2020" class="citation news cs1">Wiley, Kelly; Patrick, Steve; Bynum, Russ (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2020/05/08/outrage-over-delayed-arrest-in-glynn-county-slaying/">"Outrage over delayed arrest in Glynn County slaying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News4Jax" class="mw-redirect" title="News4Jax">News4Jax</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081410/https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2020/05/08/outrage-over-delayed-arrest-in-glynn-county-slaying/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News4Jax&rft.atitle=Outrage+over+delayed+arrest+in+Glynn+County+slaying&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.au=Patrick%2C+Steve&rft.au=Bynum%2C+Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news4jax.com%2Fnews%2Fgeorgia%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Foutrage-over-delayed-arrest-in-glynn-county-slaying%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gazaway0506-45">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gazaway0506_45-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gazaway0506_45-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazaway2020" class="citation news cs1">Gazaway, Wright (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtoc.com/2020/05/06/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-investigation-is-latest-source-criticism-glynn-county-pd/">"Ahmaud Arbery shooting investigation is latest source of criticism for Glynn County PD"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510023919/https://www.wtoc.com/2020/05/06/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-investigation-is-latest-source-criticism-glynn-county-pd/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+shooting+investigation+is+latest+source+of+criticism+for+Glynn+County+PD&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Gazaway&rft.aufirst=Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtoc.com%2F2020%2F05%2F06%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-investigation-is-latest-source-criticism-glynn-county-pd%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Muller-46">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Muller_46-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Muller_46-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMullerPatrick2021" class="citation news cs1">Muller, Brittany; Patrick, Steve (September 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2021/09/08/ex-brunswick-da-misconduct-in-ahmaud-arbery-death-investigation-booked-into-jail/">"Ex-Brunswick DA indicted for misconduct in Ahmaud Arbery case surrenders"</a>. <a href="/wiki/News4Jax" class="mw-redirect" title="News4Jax">News4Jax</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125205908/https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2021/09/08/ex-brunswick-da-misconduct-in-ahmaud-arbery-death-investigation-booked-into-jail/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=News4Jax&rft.atitle=Ex-Brunswick+DA+indicted+for+misconduct+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+case+surrenders&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.aulast=Muller&rft.aufirst=Brittany&rft.au=Patrick%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news4jax.com%2Fnews%2Fgeorgia%2F2021%2F09%2F08%2Fex-brunswick-da-misconduct-in-ahmaud-arbery-death-investigation-booked-into-jail%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mangan-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mangan_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mangan_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMangan2021" class="citation news cs1">Mangan, Dan (September 2, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/02/former-georgia-da-jackie-johnson-indicted-over-ahmaud-arbery-investigation.html">"Former Georgia district attorney Jackie Johnson criminally charged over investigation into Ahmaud Arbery shooting death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126062815/https://www.cnbc.com/2021/09/02/former-georgia-da-jackie-johnson-indicted-over-ahmaud-arbery-investigation.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=Former+Georgia+district+attorney+Jackie+Johnson+criminally+charged+over+investigation+into+Ahmaud+Arbery+shooting+death&rft.date=2021-09-02&rft.aulast=Mangan&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2021%2F09%2F02%2Fformer-georgia-da-jackie-johnson-indicted-over-ahmaud-arbery-investigation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Donaghue-48">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Donaghue_48-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Donaghue_48-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDonaghue2021" class="citation news cs1">Donaghue, Erin (March 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/atlanta-spa-shootings-prosecutors-georgia-new-hate-crime-law/">"Prosecutors in spa shootings could be first to weigh Georgia's new hate crime law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126101116/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/atlanta-spa-shootings-prosecutors-georgia-new-hate-crime-law/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS+News&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+in+spa+shootings+could+be+first+to+weigh+Georgia%27s+new+hate+crime+law&rft.date=2021-03-24&rft.aulast=Donaghue&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-spa-shootings-prosecutors-georgia-new-hate-crime-law%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hurt-49">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hurt_49-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hurt_49-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHurt2021" class="citation news cs1">Hurt, Emma (May 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/05/11/995835333/in-ahmaud-arberys-name-georgia-repeals-citizens-arrest-law">"In Ahmaud Arbery's Name, Georgia Repeals Citizen's Arrest Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211127022901/https://www.npr.org/2021/05/11/995835333/in-ahmaud-arberys-name-georgia-repeals-citizens-arrest-law">Archived</a> from the original on November 27, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=In+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Name%2C+Georgia+Repeals+Citizen%27s+Arrest+Law&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft.aulast=Hurt&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F05%2F11%2F995835333%2Fin-ahmaud-arberys-name-georgia-repeals-citizens-arrest-law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Morrison20211125-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Morrison20211125_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morrison20211125_50-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morrison20211125_50-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morrison20211125_50-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morrison20211125_50-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morrison20211125_50-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Morrison20211125_50-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrison2021" class="citation news cs1">Morrison, Aaron (November 25, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/final-days-ahmaud-arberys-life-crossroads-81374316">"In his final days, Ahmaud Arbery's life was at a crossroads"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> and <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125181947/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/final-days-ahmaud-arberys-life-crossroads-81374316">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News+and+Associated+Press&rft.atitle=In+his+final+days%2C+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+life+was+at+a+crossroads&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2FwireStory%2Ffinal-days-ahmaud-arberys-life-crossroads-81374316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mckay-51">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mckay_51-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mckay_51-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mckay_51-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mckay_51-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mckay_51-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mckay_51-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mckay_51-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mckay_51-7">h</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMckay2021" class="citation news cs1">Mckay, Rich (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/who-was-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-24/">"Factbox: Who was Ahmaud Arbery?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125201235/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/who-was-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-24/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+Who+was+Ahmaud+Arbery%3F&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Mckay&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fwho-was-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoss2021" class="citation news cs1">Ross, Janell (November 29, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6121300/ahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia/">"What Ahmaud Arbery's Death Has Meant for the Place Where He Lived"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111134225/https://time.com/6121300/ahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=What+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Death+Has+Meant+for+the+Place+Where+He+Lived&rft.date=2021-11-29&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Janell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6121300%2Fahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaussetRojas2020" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard; Rojas, Rick (May 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/satilla-shores-ahmaud-arbery-killing.html">"Where Ahmaud Arbery Ran, Neighbors Cast Wary Eyes"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200519014031/https://www.nytimes.com/article/satilla-shores-ahmaud-arbery-killing.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved January 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Where+Ahmaud+Arbery+Ran%2C+Neighbors+Cast+Wary+Eyes&rft.date=2020-05-18&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Rojas%2C+Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Farticle%2Fsatilla-shores-ahmaud-arbery-killing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFProctor2020" class="citation news cs1">Proctor, Aungelique (May 20, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/newly-released-video-shows-ahmaud-arbery-arrest-from-2017-shoplifting-attempt">"Newly released video shows Ahmaud Arbery arrest from 2017 shoplifting attempt"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_5_Atlanta" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox 5 Atlanta">Fox 5 Atlanta</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220110130836/https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/newly-released-video-shows-ahmaud-arbery-arrest-from-2017-shoplifting-attempt">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2022. Retrieved January 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+5+Atlanta&rft.atitle=Newly+released+video+shows+Ahmaud+Arbery+arrest+from+2017+shoplifting+attempt&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft.aulast=Proctor&rft.aufirst=Aungelique&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fox5atlanta.com%2Fnews%2Fnewly-released-video-shows-ahmaud-arbery-arrest-from-2017-shoplifting-attempt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-crtnews-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-crtnews_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-crtnews_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeonard2020" class="citation news cs1">Leonard, Barbara (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/gregory-johns-mcmichael-travis-james-mcmichael/">"Gregory Johns McMichael, Travis James McMichael"</a>. Courthouse News Service. Retrieved July 26, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Courthouse+News+Service&rft.atitle=Gregory+Johns+McMichael%2C+Travis+James+McMichael&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Leonard&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fgregory-johns-mcmichael-travis-james-mcmichael%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Over30-56"><a href="#cite_ref-Over30_56-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrecchio-Egresitz2020" class="citation web cs1">Orecchio-Egresitz, Haven (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insider.com/this-is-what-we-know-about-gregory-and-travis-mcmichael-2020-5">"Gregory McMichael worked in local law enforcement for over 30 years and previously investigated Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. Insider. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200512103612/https://www.insider.com/this-is-what-we-know-about-gregory-and-travis-mcmichael-2020-5">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Insider&rft.atitle=Gregory+McMichael+worked+in+local+law+enforcement+for+over+30+years+and+previously+investigated+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Orecchio-Egresitz&rft.aufirst=Haven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insider.com%2Fthis-is-what-we-know-about-gregory-and-travis-mcmichael-2020-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RoughtonSchrade2020-57">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RoughtonSchrade2020_57-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RoughtonSchrade2020_57-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoughtonSchrade2020" class="citation news cs1">Roughton, Bert Jr.; Schrade, Brad (May 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/crime--law/records-show-neighborhood-edge-before-arbery-final-jog/P9shmCoRGj90XFWbKfApmJ/">"Records show a neighborhood on edge before Arbery's final run"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081342/https://www.ajc.com/news/crime--law/records-show-neighborhood-edge-before-arbery-final-jog/P9shmCoRGj90XFWbKfApmJ/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved October 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Records+show+a+neighborhood+on+edge+before+Arbery%27s+final+run&rft.date=2020-05-17&rft.aulast=Roughton&rft.aufirst=Bert+Jr.&rft.au=Schrade%2C+Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime--law%2Frecords-show-neighborhood-edge-before-arbery-final-jog%2FP9shmCoRGj90XFWbKfApmJ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJCFather-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJCFather_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJCFather_58-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJCFather_58-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJCFather_58-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoone2020" class="citation news cs1">Boone, Christian (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/local/brunswick-attorney-released-the-video-arbery-shooting/JkpbvTuJt9wfl3tkcLTTvO/">"Father of Brunswick shooter previously investigated victim"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509000050/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/brunswick-attorney-released-the-video-arbery-shooting/JkpbvTuJt9wfl3tkcLTTvO/">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Father+of+Brunswick+shooter+previously+investigated+victim&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Boone&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fbrunswick-attorney-released-the-video-arbery-shooting%2FJkpbvTuJt9wfl3tkcLTTvO%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Levine-Laughland-59"><a href="#cite_ref-Levine-Laughland_59-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevineLaughland2020" class="citation news cs1">Levine, Sam; Laughland, Oliver (May 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/18/ahmaud-arbery-police-taser-2017-georgia">"Police tried to tase Ahmaud Arbery in 2017 incident, video shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126052615/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/18/ahmaud-arbery-police-taser-2017-georgia">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Police+tried+to+tase+Ahmaud+Arbery+in+2017+incident%2C+video+shows&rft.date=2020-05-18&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft.au=Laughland%2C+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2Fmay%2F18%2Fahmaud-arbery-police-taser-2017-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FaussetMay5Jury-60">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay5Jury_60-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetMay5Jury_60-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFausset2020" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-georgia.html">"Georgia Prosecutor Will Bring Shooting of Ahmaud Arbery to Grand Jury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200506054330/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/05/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-georgia.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Georgia+Prosecutor+Will+Bring+Shooting+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+to+Grand+Jury&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F05%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-killing-georgia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bragg-Habersham-Hauck-61"><a href="#cite_ref-Bragg-Habersham-Hauck_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYancey-BraggHabershamHauck2021" class="citation news cs1">Yancey-Bragg, N'dea; Habersham, Raisa; Hauck, Grace (November 17, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/17/ahmaud-arbery-trial-travis-mcmichael-defense-first-witnesses/8649144002/">"Georgia man who fatally shot Ahmaud Arbery tells jury he was in a 'life-or-death situation'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125235932/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/17/ahmaud-arbery-trial-travis-mcmichael-defense-first-witnesses/8649144002/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Georgia+man+who+fatally+shot+Ahmaud+Arbery+tells+jury+he+was+in+a+%27life-or-death+situation%27&rft.date=2021-11-17&rft.aulast=Yancey-Bragg&rft.aufirst=N%27dea&rft.au=Habersham%2C+Raisa&rft.au=Hauck%2C+Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2021%2F11%2F17%2Fahmaud-arbery-trial-travis-mcmichael-defense-first-witnesses%2F8649144002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BurkeMay10-62">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BurkeMay10_62-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BurkeMay10_62-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BurkeMay10_62-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BurkeMay10_62-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BurkeMay10_62-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurkeAlexander2020" class="citation news cs1">Burke, Minyvonne; Alexander, Blayne (May 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/neighbor-suspects-ahmaud-arbery-killing-who-recorded-video-just-witness-n1203706">"Neighbor of suspects in Ahmaud Arbery killing who recorded video is receiving threats, lawyer says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509212332/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/nbcblk/neighbor-suspects-ahmaud-arbery-killing-who-recorded-video-just-witness-n1203706">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Neighbor+of+suspects+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+killing+who+recorded+video+is+receiving+threats%2C+lawyer+says&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Minyvonne&rft.au=Alexander%2C+Blayne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fnbcblk%2Fneighbor-suspects-ahmaud-arbery-killing-who-recorded-video-just-witness-n1203706&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://heavy.com/news/2020/05/william-roddy-bryan/">"William 'Roddy' Bryan: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know"</a>. Heavy. Heavy, Inc. May 8, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222195009/https://heavy.com/news/2020/05/william-roddy-bryan/">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heavy&rft.atitle=William+%27Roddy%27+Bryan%3A+5+Fast+Facts+You+Need+to+Know&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheavy.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F05%2Fwilliam-roddy-bryan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMZ_Video_Shows-64">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TMZ_Video_Shows_64-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-TMZ_Video_Shows_64-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tmz.com/2020/05/05/shooting-video-unarmed-black-man-killed-ahmaud-arbery-georgia-jogging/">"Video Shows Fatal Shooting of Ahmaud Arbery, Unarmed Black Man in Georgia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TMZ" title="TMZ">TMZ</a>. May 5, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081312/https://www.tmz.com/2020/05/05/shooting-video-unarmed-black-man-killed-ahmaud-arbery-georgia-jogging/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TMZ&rft.atitle=Video+Shows+Fatal+Shooting+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%2C+Unarmed+Black+Man+in+Georgia&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tmz.com%2F2020%2F05%2F05%2Fshooting-video-unarmed-black-man-killed-ahmaud-arbery-georgia-jogging%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bynam5.22.20-65">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bynam5.22.20_65-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynam5.22.20_65-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynam2020" class="citation news cs1">Bynam, Russ (May 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200605024741/https://abc7.com/3rd-man-charged-in-arbery-shooting-tried-to-confine-victim/6204063/">"Man who filmed Arbery shooting charged; Police 'wouldn't have arrested him' if they believed he was a witness"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KABC-TV" title="KABC-TV">KABC-TV</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc7.com/3rd-man-charged-in-arbery-shooting-tried-to-confine-victim/6204063/">the original</a> on June 5, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KABC-TV&rft.atitle=Man+who+filmed+Arbery+shooting+charged%3B+Police+%27wouldn%27t+have+arrested+him%27+if+they+believed+he+was+a+witness&rft.date=2020-05-22&rft.aulast=Bynam&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc7.com%2F3rd-man-charged-in-arbery-shooting-tried-to-confine-victim%2F6204063%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walters-66">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walters_66-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walters_66-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walters_66-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walters_66-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalters2020" class="citation news cs1">Walters, Joanna (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/05/georgia-brunswick-shooting-ahmaud-arbery-grand-jury">"Georgia to consider charges in killing of unarmed black jogger as video emerges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508012842/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/05/georgia-brunswick-shooting-ahmaud-arbery-grand-jury">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020. <q>But it appears from the video footage that by the time the clearly unarmed Arbery is tussling with Travis McMichael, who is holding the long gun, a shot has already been fired.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Georgia+to+consider+charges+in+killing+of+unarmed+black+jogger+as+video+emerges&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Walters&rft.aufirst=Joanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2Fmay%2F05%2Fgeorgia-brunswick-shooting-ahmaud-arbery-grand-jury&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bynum-67">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum_67-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum_67-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum_67-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum_67-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum_67-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum_67-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2020" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/994021a3502194b552385d925207eae9">"Georgia family demands arrests 2 months after son shot dead"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200508041018/https://apnews.com/994021a3502194b552385d925207eae9">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020. <q>The cellphone video, initially posted by a Brunswick radio station, shows a black man running at a jogging pace on the left side of a road.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Georgia+family+demands+arrests+2+months+after+son+shot+dead&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F994021a3502194b552385d925207eae9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Parott-68">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Parott_68-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parott_68-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parott_68-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parott_68-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Parott_68-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrott2020" class="citation news cs1">Parrott, Jeff (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2020/5/6/21249376/biden-ahmaud-arbery-murder-shooting-killing-video-race-black-justice">"Biden calls for justice in Ahmaud Arbery "murder" after video of killing goes viral"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deseret_News" title="Deseret News">Deseret News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508041318/https://www.deseret.com/indepth/2020/5/6/21249376/biden-ahmaud-arbery-murder-shooting-killing-video-race-black-justice">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deseret+News&rft.atitle=Biden+calls+for+justice+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+%22murder%22+after+video+of+killing+goes+viral&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Parrott&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deseret.com%2Findepth%2F2020%2F5%2F6%2F21249376%2Fbiden-ahmaud-arbery-murder-shooting-killing-video-race-black-justice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barajas-69">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Barajas_69-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarajasVeraAlmasy2020" class="citation news cs1">Barajas, Angela; Vera, Amir; Almasy, Steve (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/05/us/ahmaud-arbery-jogging-georgia-shooting/index.html">"Video posted online as DA says case of Georgia man who was chased and killed will go to grand jury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508012034/https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/05/us/ahmaud-arbery-jogging-georgia-shooting/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Video+posted+online+as+DA+says+case+of+Georgia+man+who+was+chased+and+killed+will+go+to+grand+jury&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Barajas&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.au=Vera%2C+Amir&rft.au=Almasy%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F05%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-jogging-georgia-shooting%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HobbsMay5-70">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsMay5_70-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsMay5_70-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsMay5_70-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2020" class="citation news cs1">Hobbs, Larry (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/liberty-da-sends-arbery-shooting-to-glynn-grand-jury/article_187cbd63-dc3c-52b1-9f0a-04ec68c458ec.html">"Liberty DA sends Arbery shooting to Glynn grand jury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508005054/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/liberty-da-sends-arbery-shooting-to-glynn-grand-jury/article_187cbd63-dc3c-52b1-9f0a-04ec68c458ec.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020. <q>Travis McMichael steps out of the driver's side of the truck with a shotgun as Arbery approaches. Arbery tries to run around the passenger side of the truck. Travis McMichael approaches Arbery at the front of the truck.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=Liberty+DA+sends+Arbery+shooting+to+Glynn+grand+jury&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fliberty-da-sends-arbery-shooting-to-glynn-grand-jury%2Farticle_187cbd63-dc3c-52b1-9f0a-04ec68c458ec.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gajanan-71">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gajanan_71-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gajanan_71-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gajanan_71-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGajanan2020" class="citation news cs1">Gajanan, Mahita (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/5832731/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia-murder/">"Outrage Mounts After Cell Phone Footage Surfaces of Ahmaud Arbery's Fatal Shooting in Georgia, But No Suspects Have Been Charged. Here's What to Know"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508041217/https://time.com/5832731/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia-murder/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020. <q>Arbery is seen running toward the truck's right side and he then veers in and out of the camera's frame. A gunshot rings out. Arbery is then seen entering into a struggle with one man, who appears to hold a long gun ... the footage appearing to show Arbery only began grappling with a man after the first shot.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Outrage+Mounts+After+Cell+Phone+Footage+Surfaces+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Fatal+Shooting+in+Georgia%2C+But+No+Suspects+Have+Been+Charged.+Here%27s+What+to+Know&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Gajanan&rft.aufirst=Mahita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5832731%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia-murder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2020" class="citation news cs1">King, Michael (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/gbi-investigating-person-who-took-video-of-ahmaud-arbery-shooting/85-9efb0117-0084-4536-b035-95f5dcba1fc2">"GBI investigating person who took video of Ahmaud Arbery shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WXIA-TV" title="WXIA-TV">11 Alive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081333/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/gbi-investigating-person-who-took-video-of-ahmaud-arbery-shooting/85-9efb0117-0084-4536-b035-95f5dcba1fc2">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=11+Alive&rft.atitle=GBI+investigating+person+who+took+video+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fgbi-investigating-person-who-took-video-of-ahmaud-arbery-shooting%2F85-9efb0117-0084-4536-b035-95f5dcba1fc2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bonvillian-73"><a href="#cite_ref-Bonvillian_73-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonvillian2020" class="citation news cs1">Bonvillian, Crystal (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fox23.com/news/trending/video-emerges-black-jogger-chased-shot-dead-by-2-white-men-case-will-go-grand-jury/EXGDU3DAIJEHXAXW6DAYVRW6EQ/">"Ahmaud Arbery: Video emerges of black jogger killed by 2 white men; case heads to grand jury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KOKI-TV" title="KOKI-TV">KOKI-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200507201929/https://www.fox23.com/news/trending/video-emerges-black-jogger-chased-shot-dead-by-2-white-men-case-will-go-grand-jury/EXGDU3DAIJEHXAXW6DAYVRW6EQ/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020. <q>Though Arbery appears to be close to the shotgun, there does not appear to be a scuffle between the two men before Travis McMichael fires the weapon the first time.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KOKI-TV&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%3A+Video+emerges+of+black+jogger+killed+by+2+white+men%3B+case+heads+to+grand+jury&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Bonvillian&rft.aufirst=Crystal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fox23.com%2Fnews%2Ftrending%2Fvideo-emerges-black-jogger-chased-shot-dead-by-2-white-men-case-will-go-grand-jury%2FEXGDU3DAIJEHXAXW6DAYVRW6EQ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ABC30AN-74"><a href="#cite_ref-ABC30AN_74-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorrisonBynum2020" class="citation news cs1">Morrison, Aaron; Bynum, Russ (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200604110016/https://abc30.com/ahmaud-arbery-video-georgia-shooting/6166329/">"Ahmaud Arbery shooting: Georgia man's death raises echoes of US racial terror legacy"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno, California</a>: <a href="/wiki/KFSN-TV" title="KFSN-TV">KFSN-TV</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abc30.com/ahmaud-arbery-video-georgia-shooting/6166329/">the original</a> on June 4, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020. <q>Video footage shows a runner grappling with a man armed with a shotgun. Shots are fired and the runner staggers and falls.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+shooting%3A+Georgia+man%27s+death+raises+echoes+of+US+racial+terror+legacy&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Morrison&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft.au=Bynum%2C+Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabc30.com%2Fahmaud-arbery-video-georgia-shooting%2F6166329%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-USAT200513-75"><a href="#cite_ref-USAT200513_75-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2020" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Ryan (May 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/13/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-video-georgia-legal-experts-murder-case/3109900001/">"Ahmaud Arbery video: Legal experts explain how key frames may be used in murder trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200527085155/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/13/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-video-georgia-legal-experts-murder-case/3109900001/">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2020. Retrieved May 13, 2020. <q>The struggle between Arbery and Travis McMichael begins after the camera refocuses on the truck and Arbery is seen crossing in front of the vehicle from the passenger side. A gunshot is heard, but the truck blocks the view of how the men first engage each other.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+video%3A+Legal+experts+explain+how+key+frames+may+be+used+in+murder+trial&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F05%2F13%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-video-georgia-legal-experts-murder-case%2F3109900001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GN200507-76"><a href="#cite_ref-GN200507_76-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2020" class="citation news cs1">Elliott, Josh (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/6915128/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-video/">"'Justice for Ahmaud': Outcry erupts over video of Black jogger's killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Global_News" title="Global News">Global News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507220200/https://globalnews.ca/news/6915128/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-video/">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020. <q>The jogger and the man on the ground start grappling over the shotgun</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+News&rft.atitle=%27Justice+for+Ahmaud%27%3A+Outcry+erupts+over+video+of+Black+jogger%27s+killing&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F6915128%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-video%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhittler2020" class="citation news cs1">Whittler, Alex (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/satilla-shores-break-ins-reported-months-before-ahmaud-arberys-killing">"Satilla Shores break-ins reported months before Ahmaud Arbery's killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WAGA-TV" title="WAGA-TV">WAGA-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081329/https://www.fox5atlanta.com/news/satilla-shores-break-ins-reported-months-before-ahmaud-arberys-killing">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WAGA-TV&rft.atitle=Satilla+Shores+break-ins+reported+months+before+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killing&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Whittler&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fox5atlanta.com%2Fnews%2Fsatilla-shores-break-ins-reported-months-before-ahmaud-arberys-killing&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNPreviousInvestigation-78">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNNPreviousInvestigation_78-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNNPreviousInvestigation_78-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndoneBarajasMorris2020" class="citation news cs1">Andone, Dakin; Barajas, Angela; Morris, Jason (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/08/us/ahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-arrests-friday/index.html">"A suspect in the killing of Ahmaud Arbery was involved in a previous investigation of him, recused prosecutor says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200509143530/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/08/us/ahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-arrests-friday/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=A+suspect+in+the+killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+was+involved+in+a+previous+investigation+of+him%2C+recused+prosecutor+says&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Andone&rft.aufirst=Dakin&rft.au=Barajas%2C+Angela&rft.au=Morris%2C+Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-arrests-friday%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-79">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_79-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_79-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_79-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchradeRoughton2020" class="citation news cs1">Schrade, Brad; Roughton, Bert Jr. (May 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/crime--law/just-startled-travis-mcmichael-dialed-911-days-before-shooting/cW9EyvfTBkwv6n16B4GT7I/">"'It just startled me.' Travis McMichael dialed 911 days before shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081329/https://www.ajc.com/news/crime--law/just-startled-travis-mcmichael-dialed-911-days-before-shooting/cW9EyvfTBkwv6n16B4GT7I/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=%27It+just+startled+me.%27+Travis+McMichael+dialed+911+days+before+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.aulast=Schrade&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.au=Roughton%2C+Bert+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime--law%2Fjust-startled-travis-mcmichael-dialed-911-days-before-shooting%2FcW9EyvfTBkwv6n16B4GT7I%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-News4video-80"><a href="#cite_ref-News4video_80-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLean2020" class="citation news cs1">McLean, Joe (May 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/local/2020/05/13/video-shows-person-at-construction-site-12-days-before-ahmaud-arberys-death/">"Video shows person at construction site 12 days before Ahmaud Arbery's death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WJXT" title="WJXT">WJXT</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081329/https://www.news4jax.com/news/local/2020/05/13/video-shows-person-at-construction-site-12-days-before-ahmaud-arberys-death/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Video+shows+person+at+construction+site+12+days+before+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.aulast=McLean&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news4jax.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2020%2F05%2F13%2Fvideo-shows-person-at-construction-site-12-days-before-ahmaud-arberys-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/911-call-by-travis-mcmichael-two-weeks-before-ahmaud-arberys-killing-reveals-moments-after-confrontation/77-906d10fd-0e93-47a5-900b-94668571de41">"Listen: 911 call by Travis McMichael reveals moments after confrontation 2 weeks before Ahmaud Arbery's killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Firstcoastnews.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Firstcoastnews.com">First Coast News</a>. May 14, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200524145836/https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/911-call-by-travis-mcmichael-two-weeks-before-ahmaud-arberys-killing-reveals-moments-after-confrontation/77-906d10fd-0e93-47a5-900b-94668571de41">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2020. Retrieved May 17, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Coast+News&rft.atitle=Listen%3A+911+call+by+Travis+McMichael+reveals+moments+after+confrontation+2+weeks+before+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killing&rft.date=2020-05-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstcoastnews.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2F911-call-by-travis-mcmichael-two-weeks-before-ahmaud-arberys-killing-reveals-moments-after-confrontation%2F77-906d10fd-0e93-47a5-900b-94668571de41&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bynum12-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bynum12_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum12_82-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum12_82-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum12_82-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum12_82-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum12_82-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (November 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/racial-injustice-brunswick-09fb66574adbc30697c4e9bd12eef998">"Videos of Ahmaud Arbery roaming vacant home shown to jury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115015027/https://apnews.com/article/racial-injustice-brunswick-09fb66574adbc30697c4e9bd12eef998">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Videos+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+roaming+vacant+home+shown+to+jury&rft.date=2021-11-12&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fracial-injustice-brunswick-09fb66574adbc30697c4e9bd12eef998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-TariroUpdates-83"><a href="#cite_ref-TariroUpdates_83-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMzezewa2021" class="citation news cs1">Mzezewa, Tariro (November 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/05/us/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-trial">"Arbery Updates: Defense Lawyer Invokes Citizen's Arrest Law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211122131500/https://www.nytimes.com/live/2021/11/05/us/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-trial">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Arbery+Updates%3A+Defense+Lawyer+Invokes+Citizen%27s+Arrest+Law&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Mzezewa&rft.aufirst=Tariro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flive%2F2021%2F11%2F05%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-trial&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jonathan-84"><a href="#cite_ref-Jonathan_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan (November 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/prosecution-begin-closing-argument-georgia-trial-over-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-22/">"Prosecution to begin closing argument in Georgia trial over killing of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122120926/https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/prosecution-begin-closing-argument-georgia-trial-over-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-22/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Prosecution+to+begin+closing+argument+in+Georgia+trial+over+killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flegal%2Fgovernment%2Fprosecution-begin-closing-argument-georgia-trial-over-killing-ahmaud-arbery-2021-11-22%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJC-85">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AJC_85-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJC_85-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AJC_85-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchradeRoughton2020" class="citation news cs1">Schrade, Brad; Roughton, Bert Jr. (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/crime--law/gbi-reviewing-new-video-footage-ahmaud-arbery-case/xvSWFTbaD0k9cr80R7CTnL/">"GBI reviewing additional video footage in Ahmaud Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509201848/https://www.ajc.com/news/crime--law/gbi-reviewing-new-video-footage-ahmaud-arbery-case/xvSWFTbaD0k9cr80R7CTnL/">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=GBI+reviewing+additional+video+footage+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+case&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Schrade&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft.au=Roughton%2C+Bert+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime--law%2Fgbi-reviewing-new-video-footage-ahmaud-arbery-case%2FxvSWFTbaD0k9cr80R7CTnL%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesWiley2020" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Nick; Wiley, Kelly (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2020/05/09/gbi-reviewing-additional-video-in-case-of-ahmaud-arbery/">"GBI reviewing additional video in case of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511185453/https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2020/05/09/gbi-reviewing-additional-video-in-case-of-ahmaud-arbery/">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GBI+reviewing+additional+video+in+case+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft.au=Wiley%2C+Kelly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news4jax.com%2Fnews%2Fgeorgia%2F2020%2F05%2F09%2Fgbi-reviewing-additional-video-in-case-of-ahmaud-arbery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Osborne-87">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Osborne_87-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osborne_87-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Osborne_87-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOsborne2020" class="citation news cs1">Osborne, Mark (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/authorities-investigate-video-showing-ahmaud-arbery-prior-shooting/story?id=70600564">"Authorities investigate new video showing Ahmaud Arbery just prior to shooting"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510181852/https://abcnews.go.com/US/authorities-investigate-video-showing-ahmaud-arbery-prior-shooting/story?id=70600564">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Authorities+investigate+new+video+showing+Ahmaud+Arbery+just+prior+to+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Osborne&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fauthorities-investigate-video-showing-ahmaud-arbery-prior-shooting%2Fstory%3Fid%3D70600564&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchindlerKless2020" class="citation news cs1">Schindler, Anne; Kless, Troy (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/video-shows-suspected-burglary-in-ahmaud-arbery-case/77-990e647b-3493-49ab-88ec-3a3d517b19ed">"New video in Ahmaud Arbery case offers a view of what happened moments before the deadly shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Firstcoastnews.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Firstcoastnews.com">First Coast News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200510012852/https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/video-shows-suspected-burglary-in-ahmaud-arbery-case/77-990e647b-3493-49ab-88ec-3a3d517b19ed">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Coast+News&rft.atitle=New+video+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+case+offers+a+view+of+what+happened+moments+before+the+deadly+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Schindler&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft.au=Kless%2C+Troy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstcoastnews.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fvideo-shows-suspected-burglary-in-ahmaud-arbery-case%2F77-990e647b-3493-49ab-88ec-3a3d517b19ed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristina_Maxouris2020" class="citation web cs1">Christina Maxouris (May 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/13/us/ahmaud-arbery-wednesday-surveillance-video/index.html">"Homeowner says no crime was committed at under-construction home Ahmaud Arbery may have visited before shooting"</a>. CNN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219183713/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/13/us/ahmaud-arbery-wednesday-surveillance-video/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Homeowner+says+no+crime+was+committed+at+under-construction+home+Ahmaud+Arbery+may+have+visited+before+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.au=Christina+Maxouris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F13%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-wednesday-surveillance-video%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HobbsApril29-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsApril29_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsApril29_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2020" class="citation news cs1">Hobbs, Larry (April 29, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/dispatcher-what-was-he-doing-wrong/article_fe51cdd4-3bb6-5815-9dec-ddcdc8f879f8.html">"Dispatcher: 'What was he doing wrong?'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508005025/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/dispatcher-what-was-he-doing-wrong/article_fe51cdd4-3bb6-5815-9dec-ddcdc8f879f8.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=Dispatcher%3A+%27What+was+he+doing+wrong%3F%27&rft.date=2020-04-29&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fdispatcher-what-was-he-doing-wrong%2Farticle_fe51cdd4-3bb6-5815-9dec-ddcdc8f879f8.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hauck-91">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hauck_91-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hauck_91-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYancey-BraggHabershamHauck2021" class="citation news cs1">Yancey-Bragg, N'dea; Habersham, Raisa; Hauck, Grace (November 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/10/ahmaud-arbery-witness-called-police-murder-trial/6368046001/">"Georgia man who called police on Ahmaud Arbery describes 'shocking scene' in the street after shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113114907/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/10/ahmaud-arbery-witness-called-police-murder-trial/6368046001/">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Georgia+man+who+called+police+on+Ahmaud+Arbery+describes+%27shocking+scene%27+in+the+street+after+shooting&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Yancey-Bragg&rft.aufirst=N%27dea&rft.au=Habersham%2C+Raisa&rft.au=Hauck%2C+Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2021%2F11%2F10%2Fahmaud-arbery-witness-called-police-murder-trial%2F6368046001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sayers-92">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sayers_92-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayers_92-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayers_92-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sayers_92-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayersKirkland2021" class="citation news cs1">Sayers, Devon; Kirkland, Pamela (November 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lite.cnn.com/en/article/h_45e44673ae02b389cf48ba102fdf2602">"Prosecutors play 911 calls Travis McMichael made weeks before Arbery's killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114130248/http://lite.cnn.com/en/article/h_45e44673ae02b389cf48ba102fdf2602">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+play+911+calls+Travis+McMichael+made+weeks+before+Arbery%27s+killing&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Devon&rft.au=Kirkland%2C+Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flite.cnn.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fh_45e44673ae02b389cf48ba102fdf2602&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FaussetApril26-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetApril26_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetApril26_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFausset2020" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard (April 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/26/us/ahmed-arbery-shooting-georgia.html">"Two Weapons, a Chase, a Killing and No Charges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200505194913/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/26/us/ahmed-arbery-shooting-georgia.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 5, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Two+Weapons%2C+a+Chase%2C+a+Killing+and+No+Charges&rft.date=2020-04-26&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F04%2F26%2Fus%2Fahmed-arbery-shooting-georgia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Incident_Report-94">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Incident_Report_94-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Incident_Report_94-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Incident_Report_94-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6915-arbery-shooting/b52fa09cdc974b970b79/optimized/full.pdf">"Public Release Incident Report for G20-11303"</a> (PDF). Glynn County Police Department. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200502005725/https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6915-arbery-shooting/b52fa09cdc974b970b79/optimized/full.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 2, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020 – via <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Public+Release+Incident+Report+for+G20-11303&rft.pub=Glynn+County+Police+Department&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fint.nyt.com%2Fdata%2Fdocumenthelper%2F6915-arbery-shooting%2Fb52fa09cdc974b970b79%2Foptimized%2Ffull.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HobbsApril2-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsApril2_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsApril2_95-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsApril2_95-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsApril2_95-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsApril2_95-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HobbsApril2_95-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2020" class="citation news cs1">Hobbs, Larry (April 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/police-report-sheds-more-light-on-satilla-shores-shooting/article_2d7c05c8-36d3-55b5-ae11-60ea763095b3.html">"Police report sheds more light on Satilla Shores shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200504010950/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/police-report-sheds-more-light-on-satilla-shores-shooting/article_2d7c05c8-36d3-55b5-ae11-60ea763095b3.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=Police+report+sheds+more+light+on+Satilla+Shores+shooting&rft.date=2020-04-02&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fpolice-report-sheds-more-light-on-satilla-shores-shooting%2Farticle_2d7c05c8-36d3-55b5-ae11-60ea763095b3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ellis-96"><a href="#cite_ref-Ellis_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEllis2020" class="citation news cs1">Ellis, Nicquel Terry (May 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/12/ahmaud-arbery-video-shooting-autopsy-prosecutors-investigated/3114597001/">"Autopsy: Ahmaud Arbery was shot twice in the chest, grazed on wrist during 'struggle for shotgun'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126190951/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/12/ahmaud-arbery-video-shooting-autopsy-prosecutors-investigated/3114597001/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Autopsy%3A+Ahmaud+Arbery+was+shot+twice+in+the+chest%2C+grazed+on+wrist+during+%27struggle+for+shotgun%27&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Ellis&rft.aufirst=Nicquel+Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F05%2F12%2Fahmaud-arbery-video-shooting-autopsy-prosecutors-investigated%2F3114597001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodgson2020" class="citation news cs1">Hodgson, Kate (May 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abccolumbia.com/2020/05/13/ahmaud-arberys-death-ruled-a-homicide/">"Ahmaud Arbery's death ruled a homicide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WOLO-TV" title="WOLO-TV">WOLO-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081339/https://www.abccolumbia.com/2020/05/13/ahmaud-arberys-death-ruled-a-homicide/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death+ruled+a+homicide&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.aulast=Hodgson&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abccolumbia.com%2F2020%2F05%2F13%2Fahmaud-arberys-death-ruled-a-homicide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStelloh2020" class="citation news cs1">Stelloh, Tim (May 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ahmaud-arbery-was-struck-twice-chest-shotgun-blasts-autopsy-shows-n1204921">"Ahmaud Arbery was struck twice in the chest by shotgun blasts, autopsy shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081331/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ahmaud-arbery-was-struck-twice-chest-shotgun-blasts-autopsy-shows-n1204921">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+was+struck+twice+in+the+chest+by+shotgun+blasts%2C+autopsy+shows&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Stelloh&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fahmaud-arbery-was-struck-twice-chest-shotgun-blasts-autopsy-shows-n1204921&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HolcombeMay12-99">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HolcombeMay12_99-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HolcombeMay12_99-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HolcombeMay12_99-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HolcombeMay12_99-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolcombe2020" class="citation news cs1">Holcombe, Madeline (May 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/12/us/ahmaud-arbery-video-william-bryan/index.html">"As autopsy report shows Ahmaud Arbery was shot twice in the chest, GBI investigates recused DAs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081356/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/12/us/ahmaud-arbery-video-william-bryan/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=As+autopsy+report+shows+Ahmaud+Arbery+was+shot+twice+in+the+chest%2C+GBI+investigates+recused+DAs&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Madeline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F12%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-video-william-bryan%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan (November 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/trace-thc-ahmaud-arberys-blood-will-not-be-disclosed-jury-us-judge-rules-2021-11-04/">"Trace of THC in Ahmaud Arbery's blood will not be disclosed to jury, U.S. judge rules"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105170533/https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/trace-thc-ahmaud-arberys-blood-will-not-be-disclosed-jury-us-judge-rules-2021-11-04/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trace+of+THC+in+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+blood+will+not+be+disclosed+to+jury%2C+U.S.+judge+rules&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Flegal%2Fgovernment%2Ftrace-thc-ahmaud-arberys-blood-will-not-be-disclosed-jury-us-judge-rules-2021-11-04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WootsonMay10-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-6">g</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-7">h</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WootsonMay10_101-8">i</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWootsonItkowitz2020" class="citation news cs1">Wootson, Cleve Jr.; Itkowitz, Colby (May 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/09/georgia-attorney-general-investigate-local-officials-handling-ahmaud-arberys-murder/">"New video said to show moments leading up to Georgia jogger Ahmaud Arbery's death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200510071404/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/09/georgia-attorney-general-investigate-local-officials-handling-ahmaud-arberys-murder/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=New+video+said+to+show+moments+leading+up+to+Georgia+jogger+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft.aulast=Wootson&rft.aufirst=Cleve+Jr.&rft.au=Itkowitz%2C+Colby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F05%2F09%2Fgeorgia-attorney-general-investigate-local-officials-handling-ahmaud-arberys-murder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BooneMay8-102">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BooneMay8_102-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-BooneMay8_102-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooneRoughton2020" class="citation news cs1">Boone, Christian; Roughton, Bert Jr. (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/local/watch-gbi-updates-following-arrests-ahmaud-arbery-shooting/1aJbZe2uL9HrndjyWYjB2L/">"Glynn County commissioners say DA blocked arrests after fatal shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509045451/https://www.ajc.com/news/local/watch-gbi-updates-following-arrests-ahmaud-arbery-shooting/1aJbZe2uL9HrndjyWYjB2L/">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Glynn+County+commissioners+say+DA+blocked+arrests+after+fatal+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Boone&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft.au=Roughton%2C+Bert+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fwatch-gbi-updates-following-arrests-ahmaud-arbery-shooting%2F1aJbZe2uL9HrndjyWYjB2L%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWileyPatrick2020" class="citation news cs1">Wiley, Kelly; Patrick, Steve (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/local/2020/05/07/ware-county-prosecutor-saw-no-grounds-for-arrests-before-passing-on-arbery-shooting-death/">"Ware County prosecutor saw 'no grounds for arrest' before passing on Arbery shooting death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WJXT" title="WJXT">WJXT</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508015854/https://www.news4jax.com/news/local/2020/05/07/ware-county-prosecutor-saw-no-grounds-for-arrests-before-passing-on-arbery-shooting-death/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ware+County+prosecutor+saw+%27no+grounds+for+arrest%27+before+passing+on+Arbery+shooting+death&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.au=Patrick%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news4jax.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F2020%2F05%2F07%2Fware-county-prosecutor-saw-no-grounds-for-arrests-before-passing-on-arbery-shooting-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-104">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_104-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_104-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://firstjudicialdistrict.org/waycross-judicial-circuit/">"Waycross Judicial Circuit"</a>. First Judicial District. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170825000921/http://firstjudicialdistrict.org/waycross-judicial-circuit/">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2017. Retrieved May 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Waycross+Judicial+Circuit&rft.pub=First+Judicial+District&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffirstjudicialdistrict.org%2Fwaycross-judicial-circuit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2020" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Taylor (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/county-das-office-play-blame-game-over-lack-of-mcmichael-arrest-in-february/article_e20361d9-45e0-5d1b-885e-842b84d46acc.html">"County, DA's office play blame game over lack of McMichael arrest in February"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081349/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/county-das-office-play-blame-game-over-lack-of-mcmichael-arrest-in-february/article_e20361d9-45e0-5d1b-885e-842b84d46acc.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=County%2C+DA%27s+office+play+blame+game+over+lack+of+McMichael+arrest+in+February&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fcounty-das-office-play-blame-game-over-lack-of-mcmichael-arrest-in-february%2Farticle_e20361d9-45e0-5d1b-885e-842b84d46acc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Szilagy-106"><a href="#cite_ref-Szilagy_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzilagy2022" class="citation news cs1">Szilagy, Jessica (March 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegeorgiavirtue.com/georgia-politics/georgia-lawmakers-upset-after-state-bar-dismisses-complaints-against-attorneys/">"Georgia Lawmakers Upset After State Bar Dismisses Complaints Against Attorneys"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220302202224/https://www.thegeorgiavirtue.com/georgia-politics/georgia-lawmakers-upset-after-state-bar-dismisses-complaints-against-attorneys/">Archived</a> from the original on March 2, 2022. Retrieved March 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Georgia+Lawmakers+Upset+After+State+Bar+Dismisses+Complaints+Against+Attorneys&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.aulast=Szilagy&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegeorgiavirtue.com%2Fgeorgia-politics%2Fgeorgia-lawmakers-upset-after-state-bar-dismisses-complaints-against-attorneys%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DB-107"><a href="#cite_ref-DB_107-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlawe2020" class="citation news cs1">Glawe, Justin (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/meth-murder-and-madness-the-system-that-buried-ahmaud-arbery">"Meth, Murder, and Madness: The System That Buried Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509173206/https://www.thedailybeast.com/meth-murder-and-madness-the-system-that-buried-ahmaud-arbery">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Meth%2C+Murder%2C+and+Madness%3A+The+System+That+Buried+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Glawe&rft.aufirst=Justin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fmeth-murder-and-madness-the-system-that-buried-ahmaud-arbery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BrunswickNews-108"><a href="#cite_ref-BrunswickNews_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/breaking/county-issues-statement-on-arbery-shooting/article_8d33e189-f31f-5ea6-be6d-b8d4abe13af3.html">"County issues statement on Arbery shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081343/https://thebrunswicknews.com/breaking/county-issues-statement-on-arbery-shooting/article_8d33e189-f31f-5ea6-be6d-b8d4abe13af3.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=County+issues+statement+on+Arbery+shooting&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fbreaking%2Fcounty-issues-statement-on-arbery-shooting%2Farticle_8d33e189-f31f-5ea6-be6d-b8d4abe13af3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CarrMay10-109">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CarrMay10_109-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrMay10_109-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrMay10_109-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrMay10_109-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CarrMay10_109-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://law.georgia.gov/press-releases/2020-05-10/carr-requests-doj-conduct-investigation-handling-ahmaud-arbery-case">"Carr Requests DOJ to Conduct Investigation into Handling of Ahmaud Arbery Case"</a> (Press release). Office of the <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Georgia" title="Attorney General of Georgia">Attorney General of Georgia</a>. May 10, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081439/https://law.georgia.gov/press-releases/2020-05-10/carr-requests-doj-conduct-investigation-handling-ahmaud-arbery-case">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carr+Requests+DOJ+to+Conduct+Investigation+into+Handling+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+Case&rft.pub=Office+of+the+Attorney+General+of+Georgia&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flaw.georgia.gov%2Fpress-releases%2F2020-05-10%2Fcarr-requests-doj-conduct-investigation-handling-ahmaud-arbery-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AndersonMay9-110">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AndersonMay9_110-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AndersonMay9_110-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AndersonMay9_110-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson2020" class="citation news cs1">Anderson, Joel (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/05/ahmaud-arbery-george-barnhill-olivia-pearson.html">"The District Attorney Who Saw "No Grounds for Arrest" in the Killing of Ahmaud Arbery Has a History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200511010841/https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2020/05/ahmaud-arbery-george-barnhill-olivia-pearson.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slate&rft.atitle=The+District+Attorney+Who+Saw+%22No+Grounds+for+Arrest%22+in+the+Killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+Has+a+History&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslate.com%2Fnews-and-politics%2F2020%2F05%2Fahmaud-arbery-george-barnhill-olivia-pearson.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li-111"><a href="#cite_ref-Li_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2020" class="citation news cs1">Li, David (May 1, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/black-man-shot-dead-while-jogging-southeast-georgia-two-months-n1196621">"No arrests after black man shot dead while jogging"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507203945/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/black-man-shot-dead-while-jogging-southeast-georgia-two-months-n1196621">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=No+arrests+after+black+man+shot+dead+while+jogging&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fblack-man-shot-dead-while-jogging-southeast-georgia-two-months-n1196621&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobles2020" class="citation news cs1">Robles, Frances (May 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200514205020/https://www.nytimes.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-citizen-arrest-law-georgia.html">"The Citizen's Arrest Law Cited in Arbery's Killing Dates Back to the Civil War"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-citizen-arrest-law-georgia.html">the original</a> on May 14, 2020. Retrieved May 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Citizen%27s+Arrest+Law+Cited+in+Arbery%27s+Killing+Dates+Back+to+the+Civil+War&rft.date=2020-05-13&rft.aulast=Robles&rft.aufirst=Frances&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-citizen-arrest-law-georgia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/ahmaud-arbery-family-calls-arrests-death-200507122209498.html">"Ahmaud Arbery's family calls for immediate arrests in his death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. May 8, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509103511/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/05/ahmaud-arbery-family-calls-arrests-death-200507122209498.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+family+calls+for+immediate+arrests+in+his+death&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F05%2Fahmaud-arbery-family-calls-arrests-death-200507122209498.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DurdenAppt-114"><a href="#cite_ref-DurdenAppt_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2020" class="citation news cs1">Hobbs, Larry (May 5, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/durden-grand-jury-should-decide-if-charges-are-warranted-in-arbery-shooting/article_6d959a27-4638-534f-ac97-a02659d8028c.html">"Durden: Grand jury should decide if charges are warranted in Arbery shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508005024/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/durden-grand-jury-should-decide-if-charges-are-warranted-in-arbery-shooting/article_6d959a27-4638-534f-ac97-a02659d8028c.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=Durden%3A+Grand+jury+should+decide+if+charges+are+warranted+in+Arbery+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-05&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fdurden-grand-jury-should-decide-if-charges-are-warranted-in-arbery-shooting%2Farticle_6d959a27-4638-534f-ac97-a02659d8028c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ShahMay6-115">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ShahMay6_115-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShahMay6_115-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-ShahMay6_115-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShah2020" class="citation news cs1">Shah, Khushbu (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/06/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia">"Ahmaud Arbery: anger mounts over killing of black jogger caught on video"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508012802/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/06/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%3A+anger+mounts+over+killing+of+black+jogger+caught+on+video&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Shah&rft.aufirst=Khushbu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2Fmay%2F06%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eldridge-116">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eldridge_116-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eldridge_116-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eldridge_116-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEldridge2020" class="citation news cs1">Eldridge, Ellen (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gpbnews.org/post/brunswick-attorney-says-he-leaked-arbery-shooting-video-0">"Brunswick Attorney Says He Leaked The Arbery Shooting Video"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Georgia_Public_Broadcasting" title="Georgia Public Broadcasting">Georgia Public Broadcasting</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508055252/https://www.gpbnews.org/post/brunswick-attorney-says-he-leaked-arbery-shooting-video-0">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brunswick+Attorney+Says+He+Leaked+The+Arbery+Shooting+Video&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Eldridge&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gpbnews.org%2Fpost%2Fbrunswick-attorney-says-he-leaked-arbery-shooting-video-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKless2020" class="citation news cs1">Kless, Troy (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/attorney-for-mcmichael-family-claims-he-released-shooting-video-of-ahmaud-arbery/77-c5df7130-1a00-4acf-90f2-7a5a56363360">"Video of Ahmaud Arbery's death was released by the lawyer for the men who killed him, attorney claims"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Firstcoastnews.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Firstcoastnews.com">First Coast News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20200512123220/https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/attorney-for-mcmichael-family-claims-he-released-shooting-video-of-ahmaud-arbery/77-c5df7130-1a00-4acf-90f2-7a5a56363360">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Coast+News&rft.atitle=Video+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death+was+released+by+the+lawyer+for+the+men+who+killed+him%2C+attorney+claims&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Kless&rft.aufirst=Troy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstcoastnews.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fattorney-for-mcmichael-family-claims-he-released-shooting-video-of-ahmaud-arbery%2F77-c5df7130-1a00-4acf-90f2-7a5a56363360&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mervosh-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mervosh_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mervosh_118-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mervosh_118-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mervosh_118-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMervosh2020" class="citation news cs1">Mervosh, Sarah (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/us/ahmaud-arbery-video-lawyer.html">"Ahmaud Arbery Video Was Leaked by a Lawyer Who Consulted With Suspects"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510155036/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/us/ahmaud-arbery-video-lawyer.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+Video+Was+Leaked+by+a+Lawyer+Who+Consulted+With+Suspects&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Mervosh&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-video-lawyer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BookerMay8-119"><a href="#cite_ref-BookerMay8_119-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBooker2020" class="citation news cs1">Booker, Brakkton (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2020/05/08/852719660/more-arrests-possible-in-the-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery-state-investigators-say">"More Arrests Possible In The Killing Of Ahmaud Arbery, Georgia Investigators Say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510124457/https://www.npr.org/2020/05/08/852719660/more-arrests-possible-in-the-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery-state-investigators-say">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=More+Arrests+Possible+In+The+Killing+Of+Ahmaud+Arbery%2C+Georgia+Investigators+Say&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Booker&rft.aufirst=Brakkton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2F852719660%2Fmore-arrests-possible-in-the-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery-state-investigators-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevine2020" class="citation news cs1">Levine, Sam (May 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/21/ahmaud-arbery-william-bryan-killing-filmed-arrest">"Man who filmed Ahmaud Arbery killing arrested and charged with murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081355/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/21/ahmaud-arbery-william-bryan-killing-filmed-arrest">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Man+who+filmed+Ahmaud+Arbery+killing+arrested+and+charged+with+murder&rft.date=2020-05-22&rft.aulast=Levine&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2Fmay%2F21%2Fahmaud-arbery-william-bryan-killing-filmed-arrest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AlmasyBarajas-122">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AlmasyBarajas_122-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AlmasyBarajas_122-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlmasyBarajas2020" class="citation news cs1">Almasy, Steve; Barajas, Angela (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/07/us/ahmaud-arbery-arrests-mcmichaels/index.html">"Two men involved in fatal shooting of Ahmaud Arbery face murder charges, GBI says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508035305/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/07/us/ahmaud-arbery-arrests-mcmichaels/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Two+men+involved+in+fatal+shooting+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+face+murder+charges%2C+GBI+says&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Almasy&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Barajas%2C+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F07%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-arrests-mcmichaels%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynumNadler2020" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ; Nadler, Ben (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/96990a5023927df289c934d2decd90b8">"Arrests made in shooting death of black man after outcry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200508020747/https://apnews.com/96990a5023927df289c934d2decd90b8">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Arrests+made+in+shooting+death+of+black+man+after+outcry&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft.au=Nadler%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2F96990a5023927df289c934d2decd90b8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWileyBynumNadler2020" class="citation news cs1">Wiley, Kelly; Bynum, Russ; Nadler, Ben (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2020/05/08/gbi-to-give-update-on-arrest-of-father-son-in-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery/">"GBI finds probable cause for arrests within 36 hours of taking Ahmaud Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WJXT" title="WJXT">WJXT</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510025017/https://www.news4jax.com/news/georgia/2020/05/08/gbi-to-give-update-on-arrest-of-father-son-in-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WJXT&rft.atitle=GBI+finds+probable+cause+for+arrests+within+36+hours+of+taking+Ahmaud+Arbery+case&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Wiley&rft.aufirst=Kelly&rft.au=Bynum%2C+Russ&rft.au=Nadler%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news4jax.com%2Fnews%2Fgeorgia%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Fgbi-to-give-update-on-arrest-of-father-son-in-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.live5news.com/2020/05/08/father-son-charged-with-murder-arbery-case-make-first-court-appearance/">"GBI: 'Sufficient probable cause' for arrest of father, son in shooting death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WCSC-TV" title="WCSC-TV">WCSC-TV</a>. May 8, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510025130/https://www.live5news.com/2020/05/08/father-son-charged-with-murder-arbery-case-make-first-court-appearance/">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WCSC-TV&rft.atitle=GBI%3A+%27Sufficient+probable+cause%27+for+arrest+of+father%2C+son+in+shooting+death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.live5news.com%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Ffather-son-charged-with-murder-arbery-case-make-first-court-appearance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NWAonline-126">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NWAonline_126-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NWAonline_126-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NWAonline_126-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2020" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (May 12, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2020/may/12/georgia-slaying-gets-3rd-prosecutor-202/">"Georgia slaying gets 3rd prosecutor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Arkansas_Democrat-Gazette" title="Arkansas Democrat-Gazette">Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081347/https://www.nwaonline.com/news/2020/may/12/georgia-slaying-gets-3rd-prosecutor-202/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwest+Arkansas+Democrat-Gazette&rft.atitle=Georgia+slaying+gets+3rd+prosecutor&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nwaonline.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2Fmay%2F12%2Fgeorgia-slaying-gets-3rd-prosecutor-202%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNNBryanArrest-127">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CNNBryanArrest_127-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-CNNBryanArrest_127-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarajasHenry2020" class="citation news cs1">Barajas, Angela; Henry, Erica (May 21, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/21/us/roddie-bryan-arrested-ahmaud-arbery-case/index.html">"William Bryan Jr. – the man who recorded the fatal shooting of Ahmaud Arbery – has been arrested, GBI says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126191008/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/21/us/roddie-bryan-arrested-ahmaud-arbery-case/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=William+Bryan+Jr.+%E2%80%93+the+man+who+recorded+the+fatal+shooting+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+%E2%80%93+has+been+arrested%2C+GBI+says&rft.date=2020-05-21&rft.aulast=Barajas&rft.aufirst=Angela&rft.au=Henry%2C+Erica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F21%2Fus%2Froddie-bryan-arrested-ahmaud-arbery-case%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chakraborty.5.22.20-128"><a href="#cite_ref-Chakraborty.5.22.20_128-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChakraborty2020" class="citation news cs1">Chakraborty, Barnini (May 22, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/us/gbi-says-neighbor-who-videotaped-ahmaud-arberys-killing-just-as-responsible-as-shooters">"GBI says neighbor who videotaped Ahmaud Arbery's killing just as responsible as shooters"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081355/https://www.foxnews.com/us/gbi-says-neighbor-who-videotaped-ahmaud-arberys-killing-just-as-responsible-as-shooters">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 22, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=GBI+says+neighbor+who+videotaped+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killing+just+as+responsible+as+shooters&rft.date=2020-05-22&rft.aulast=Chakraborty&rft.aufirst=Barnini&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fus%2Fgbi-says-neighbor-who-videotaped-ahmaud-arberys-killing-just-as-responsible-as-shooters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin-129">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_129-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_129-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin_129-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlin2020" class="citation news cs1">McLaughlin, Eliott C. (June 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/04/us/mcmichaels-hearing-ahmaud-arbery/index.html">"Ahmaud Arbery was hit with a truck before he died, and his killer allegedly used a racial slur, investigator testifies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081513/https://www.cnn.com/2020/06/04/us/mcmichaels-hearing-ahmaud-arbery/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 29, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+was+hit+with+a+truck+before+he+died%2C+and+his+killer+allegedly+used+a+racial+slur%2C+investigator+testifies&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Eliott+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F06%2F04%2Fus%2Fmcmichaels-hearing-ahmaud-arbery%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fausset-130">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fausset_130-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fausset_130-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFausset2020" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard (June 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/04/us/ahmaud-arbery-murder-hearing.html">"Judge Finds Probable Cause for Murder Charges in Arbery Case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081509/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/04/us/ahmaud-arbery-murder-hearing.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Judge+Finds+Probable+Cause+for+Murder+Charges+in+Arbery+Case&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F04%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-murder-hearing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPoPrelim-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoPrelim_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoPrelim_131-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoPrelim_131-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoPrelim_131-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWootsonGowenHauslohner2020" class="citation news cs1">Wootson, Cleve R. Jr.; Gowen, Annie; Hauslohner, Abigail (June 4, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/04/fellow-shooter-called-georgia-jogger-f-ing-n-he-lay-dying-road-agent-testified/">"Judge advances murder trial for all three white men charged in death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081437/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/06/04/fellow-shooter-called-georgia-jogger-f-ing-n-he-lay-dying-road-agent-testified/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Judge+advances+murder+trial+for+all+three+white+men+charged+in+death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-06-04&rft.aulast=Wootson&rft.aufirst=Cleve+R.+Jr.&rft.au=Gowen%2C+Annie&rft.au=Hauslohner%2C+Abigail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F06%2F04%2Ffellow-shooter-called-georgia-jogger-f-ing-n-he-lay-dying-road-agent-testified%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchindler2021" class="citation news cs1">Schindler, Anne (November 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/race-not-a-factor-jurors-will-consider-in-the-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial/77-074fc144-f435-4c9f-8ffa-bd0efb899968">"Race not a factor jurors will consider in the case of three men accused of murdering Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Firstcoastnews.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Firstcoastnews.com">First Coast News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126191010/https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/race-not-a-factor-jurors-will-consider-in-the-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial/77-074fc144-f435-4c9f-8ffa-bd0efb899968">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Coast+News&rft.atitle=Race+not+a+factor+jurors+will+consider+in+the+case+of+three+men+accused+of+murdering+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Schindler&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstcoastnews.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Frace-not-a-factor-jurors-will-consider-in-the-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial%2F77-074fc144-f435-4c9f-8ffa-bd0efb899968&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen-Mckay-133">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allen-Mckay_133-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen-Mckay_133-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen-Mckay_133-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenMckay2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan; Mckay, Rich (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/were-ahmaud-arberys-murderers-racially-motivated-us-federal-trial-will-decide-2021-11-24/">"Were Ahmaud Arbery's murderers racially motivated? U.S. federal trial will decide"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124223252/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/were-ahmaud-arberys-murderers-racially-motivated-us-federal-trial-will-decide-2021-11-24/">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Were+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+murderers+racially+motivated%3F+U.S.+federal+trial+will+decide&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Mckay%2C+Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fwere-ahmaud-arberys-murderers-racially-motivated-us-federal-trial-will-decide-2021-11-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brumback-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Brumback_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrumback2021" class="citation news cs1">Brumback, Kate (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/explaining-convictions-mcmichael-bryan-arbery-death-cf5290281ba166bcb812f682410b3dd6">"EXPLAINER: Trio guilty of killing Ahmaud Arbery. What now?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124200547/https://apnews.com/article/explaining-convictions-mcmichael-bryan-arbery-death-cf5290281ba166bcb812f682410b3dd6">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=EXPLAINER%3A+Trio+guilty+of+killing+Ahmaud+Arbery.+What+now%3F&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Brumback&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fexplaining-convictions-mcmichael-bryan-arbery-death-cf5290281ba166bcb812f682410b3dd6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevensRankin2020" class="citation news cs1">Stevens, Alexis; Rankin, Bill (July 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200719095635/https://www.ajc.com/news/crime/happening-now-suspects-in-ahmaud-arbery-case-plead-not-guilty/E5IL6BNT7BCCFLSUUWQ5W7XBQY/">"Judge denies bond to one of three men charged in Arbery killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/crime/happening-now-suspects-in-ahmaud-arbery-case-plead-not-guilty/E5IL6BNT7BCCFLSUUWQ5W7XBQY/">the original</a> on July 19, 2020. Retrieved July 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Judge+denies+bond+to+one+of+three+men+charged+in+Arbery+killing&rft.date=2020-07-17&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fhappening-now-suspects-in-ahmaud-arbery-case-plead-not-guilty%2FE5IL6BNT7BCCFLSUUWQ5W7XBQY%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807070827/https://www.wtoc.com/2020/08/06/motions-filed-seeking-bond-travis-gregory-mcmichael-arbery-case/">"Motions filed seeking bond for Travis, Gregory McMichael in Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. Grey Television, Inc. August 6, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtoc.com/2020/08/06/motions-filed-seeking-bond-travis-gregory-mcmichael-arbery-case/">the original</a> on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Motions+filed+seeking+bond+for+Travis%2C+Gregory+McMichael+in+Arbery+case&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtoc.com%2F2020%2F08%2F06%2Fmotions-filed-seeking-bond-travis-gregory-mcmichael-arbery-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807075251/https://www.glynncounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/67321/31-First-Special-Demurrer-to-the-Indictment-Count-1pdf">"First Special Demurrer to the Indictment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. Grey Television, Inc. August 6, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glynncounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/67321/31-First-Special-Demurrer-to-the-Indictment-Count-1pdf">the original</a> on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=First+Special+Demurrer+to+the+Indictment&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glynncounty.org%2FDocumentCenter%2FView%2F67321%2F31-First-Special-Demurrer-to-the-Indictment-Count-1pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.glynncounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/67319/32-Second-Special-Demurrer-to-the-Indictment-Count-9pdf">"Second Special Demurrer to the Indictment"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. Grey Television, Inc. August 6, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807075248/https://www.glynncounty.org/DocumentCenter/View/67319/32-Second-Special-Demurrer-to-the-Indictment-Count-9pdf">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Second+Special+Demurrer+to+the+Indictment&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.glynncounty.org%2FDocumentCenter%2FView%2F67319%2F32-Second-Special-Demurrer-to-the-Indictment-Count-9pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGough2020" class="citation web cs1">Gough, Kevin (August 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsav.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/75/2020/08/Motion-to-Adopt.pdf">"Motion To Adopt Special Demurrers Filed by McMichael Defendants"</a> (PDF). wsav.com. Nexstar Broadcasting, Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807072104/https://www.wsav.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/75/2020/08/Motion-to-Adopt.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wsav.com&rft.atitle=Motion+To+Adopt+Special+Demurrers+Filed+by+McMichael+Defendants&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft.aulast=Gough&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsav.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fsites%2F75%2F2020%2F08%2FMotion-to-Adopt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoone2020" class="citation news cs1">Boone, Christian (November 13, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201115040847/https://www.ajc.com/news/crime/breaking-bond-denied-mcmichaels-in-ahmaud-arbery-shooting/O45RGYV2EBHZ5CI7FNJK74XKBE/">"Greg and Travis McMichael denied bond in Ahmaud Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/crime/breaking-bond-denied-mcmichaels-in-ahmaud-arbery-shooting/O45RGYV2EBHZ5CI7FNJK74XKBE/">the original</a> on November 15, 2020. Retrieved November 15, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Greg+and+Travis+McMichael+denied+bond+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+case&rft.date=2020-11-13&rft.aulast=Boone&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fbreaking-bond-denied-mcmichaels-in-ahmaud-arbery-shooting%2FO45RGYV2EBHZ5CI7FNJK74XKBE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtoc.com/2021/01/29/judge-denies-second-motion-bond-arbery-case/">"Judge denies second motion for bond in Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. January 29, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125143250/https://www.wtoc.com/2021/01/29/judge-denies-second-motion-bond-arbery-case/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Judge+denies+second+motion+for+bond+in+Arbery+case&rft.date=2021-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtoc.com%2F2021%2F01%2F29%2Fjudge-denies-second-motion-bond-arbery-case%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazaway2020" class="citation news cs1">Gazaway, Wright (May 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtoc.com/2020/05/18/chatham-county-judge-preside-over-cases-ahmaud-arbery-death/">"Chatham County judge to preside over cases in Ahmaud Arbery death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613042116/https://www.wtoc.com/2020/05/18/chatham-county-judge-preside-over-cases-ahmaud-arbery-death/">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2020. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Chatham+County+judge+to+preside+over+cases+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+death&rft.date=2020-05-19&rft.aulast=Gazaway&rft.aufirst=Wright&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtoc.com%2F2020%2F05%2F18%2Fchatham-county-judge-preside-over-cases-ahmaud-arbery-death%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThanawala2021" class="citation news cs1">Thanawala, Sudhin (July 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210722090211/https://apnews.com/article/shootings-ahmaud-arbery-4ccbf3c9285817935233d3dddac7f330">"Attorneys spar over trial of men accused in Arbery slaying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/shootings-ahmaud-arbery-4ccbf3c9285817935233d3dddac7f330">the original</a> on July 22, 2021. Retrieved July 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Attorneys+spar+over+trial+of+men+accused+in+Arbery+slaying&rft.date=2021-07-22&rft.aulast=Thanawala&rft.aufirst=Sudhin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fshootings-ahmaud-arbery-4ccbf3c9285817935233d3dddac7f330&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankin2021" class="citation news cs1">Rankin, Bill (August 31, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210901024321/https://www.ajc.com/news/georgia-news/judge-arberys-imperfect-past-cant-be-used-by-defense-at-trial/IND5BYIHDJGSHGOC6JRZBRL2YY/">"Judge: Arbery's imperfect past can't be used by defense at trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/georgia-news/judge-arberys-imperfect-past-cant-be-used-by-defense-at-trial/IND5BYIHDJGSHGOC6JRZBRL2YY/">the original</a> on September 1, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Judge%3A+Arbery%27s+imperfect+past+can%27t+be+used+by+defense+at+trial&rft.date=2021-08-31&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fgeorgia-news%2Fjudge-arberys-imperfect-past-cant-be-used-by-defense-at-trial%2FIND5BYIHDJGSHGOC6JRZBRL2YY%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ajx-145"><a href="#cite_ref-ajx_145-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (October 1, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211002023513/https://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/judge-ahmaud-arberys-mental-health-records-cant-be-used-at-trial/TUBZF2HIANHRPPUACZI3S6C5KQ/">"Judge: Ahmaud Arbery's mental health records can't be used at trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> through The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/judge-ahmaud-arberys-mental-health-records-cant-be-used-at-trial/TUBZF2HIANHRPPUACZI3S6C5KQ/">the original</a> on October 2, 2021. Retrieved October 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+through+The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Judge%3A+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+mental+health+records+can%27t+be+used+at+trial&rft.date=2021-10-01&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fnation-world%2Fjudge-ahmaud-arberys-mental-health-records-cant-be-used-at-trial%2FTUBZF2HIANHRPPUACZI3S6C5KQ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRankin2021" class="citation news cs1">Rankin, Bill (October 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211014052406/https://www.ajc.com/news/defense-jury-should-know-arbery-was-on-probation-when-he-died/K3WZWDV4RNDLVB2ZFQBIYXMSQ4/">"Defense: Jury should know Arbery was on probation when he died"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/defense-jury-should-know-arbery-was-on-probation-when-he-died/K3WZWDV4RNDLVB2ZFQBIYXMSQ4/">the original</a> on October 14, 2021. Retrieved October 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Defense%3A+Jury+should+know+Arbery+was+on+probation+when+he+died&rft.date=2021-10-13&rft.aulast=Rankin&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fdefense-jury-should-know-arbery-was-on-probation-when-he-died%2FK3WZWDV4RNDLVB2ZFQBIYXMSQ4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidBurns2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Burns, Asia Simone (November 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/opening-statements-begin-friday-in-trial-over-ahmaud-arberys-killing/WONO224CNZA3ZEV7M5SSMI4WQ4/">"Opening statements begin Friday in trial over Ahmaud Arbery's killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105162045/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/opening-statements-begin-friday-in-trial-over-ahmaud-arberys-killing/WONO224CNZA3ZEV7M5SSMI4WQ4/">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved November 5, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Opening+statements+begin+Friday+in+trial+over+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killing&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Burns%2C+Asia+Simone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fopening-statements-begin-friday-in-trial-over-ahmaud-arberys-killing%2FWONO224CNZA3ZEV7M5SSMI4WQ4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-open-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-open_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-open_148-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevensAbusaidBurns2021" class="citation news cs1">Stevens, Alexis; Abusaid, Shaddi; Burns, Asia Simone (November 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105134839/https://www.ajc.com/news/live-updates-opening-statements-today-in-trial-over-ahmaud-arberys-killing/G4QCSOATEBBZXGQMED5X74OZ7E/">"Live Updates: Opening statements held in trial over Ahmaud Arbery's killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/live-updates-opening-statements-today-in-trial-over-ahmaud-arberys-killing/G4QCSOATEBBZXGQMED5X74OZ7E/">the original</a> on November 5, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Live+Updates%3A+Opening+statements+held+in+trial+over+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killing&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft.aulast=Stevens&rft.aufirst=Alexis&rft.au=Abusaid%2C+Shaddi&rft.au=Burns%2C+Asia+Simone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Flive-updates-opening-statements-today-in-trial-over-ahmaud-arberys-killing%2FG4QCSOATEBBZXGQMED5X74OZ7E%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (October 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018050758/https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/jury-selection-start-trial-ahmaud-arberys-death-80637884">"Jury selection begins in trial over Ahmaud Arbery's death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/jury-selection-start-trial-ahmaud-arberys-death-80637884">the original</a> on October 18, 2021. Retrieved October 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Jury+selection+begins+in+trial+over+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2FwireStory%2Fjury-selection-start-trial-ahmaud-arberys-death-80637884&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-AJCJ-150"><a href="#cite_ref-AJCJ_150-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidRankin2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Rankin, Bill (October 20, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211021022049/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/state-arberys-past-scrapes-with-law-and-mental-illness-irrelevant/IO5CHVUDCRADBNONSG4LJTPJUI/">"Jury selection drags on in Arbery murder trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/state-arberys-past-scrapes-with-law-and-mental-illness-irrelevant/IO5CHVUDCRADBNONSG4LJTPJUI/">the original</a> on October 21, 2021. Retrieved October 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Jury+selection+drags+on+in+Arbery+murder+trial&rft.date=2021-10-20&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fstate-arberys-past-scrapes-with-law-and-mental-illness-irrelevant%2FIO5CHVUDCRADBNONSG4LJTPJUI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidRankin2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Rankin, Bill (October 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020024054/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/judge-speed-up-jury-selection-in-trial-involving-arberys-killing/5CX53Z4Y2NFNBEVCDGYGYIL7NQ/">"Judge in Ahmaud Arbery case: speed up jury selection"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/judge-speed-up-jury-selection-in-trial-involving-arberys-killing/5CX53Z4Y2NFNBEVCDGYGYIL7NQ/">the original</a> on October 20, 2021. Retrieved October 20, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Judge+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+case%3A+speed+up+jury+selection&rft.date=2021-10-19&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fjudge-speed-up-jury-selection-in-trial-involving-arberys-killing%2F5CX53Z4Y2NFNBEVCDGYGYIL7NQ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsRankinAbusaid2021" class="citation news cs1">Burns, Asia Simone; Rankin, Bill; Abusaid, Shaddi (October 27, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/judge-in-arbery-death-case-denies-motion-limiting-protests-outside-courthouse/U5FGN5SSMFAHDEBPNVFT7YRHII/">"Judge in Arbery death case denies motion limiting protests outside courthouse"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211028040119/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/judge-in-arbery-death-case-denies-motion-limiting-protests-outside-courthouse/U5FGN5SSMFAHDEBPNVFT7YRHII/">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2021. Retrieved October 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Judge+in+Arbery+death+case+denies+motion+limiting+protests+outside+courthouse&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Asia+Simone&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft.au=Abusaid%2C+Shaddi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fjudge-in-arbery-death-case-denies-motion-limiting-protests-outside-courthouse%2FU5FGN5SSMFAHDEBPNVFT7YRHII%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidRankin2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Rankin, Bill (November 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/11-white-jurors-1-black-man-seated-in-arbery-murder-trial/HT57CGHRIZCXPDY574UND4NTUQ/">"11 white jurors, 1 black man seated in Arbery murder trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. No. November 3, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104012227/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/11-white-jurors-1-black-man-seated-in-arbery-murder-trial/HT57CGHRIZCXPDY574UND4NTUQ/">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved November 4, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=11+white+jurors%2C+1+black+man+seated+in+Arbery+murder+trial&rft.issue=November+3%2C+2021&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2F11-white-jurors-1-black-man-seated-in-arbery-murder-trial%2FHT57CGHRIZCXPDY574UND4NTUQ%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaddi-154">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shaddi_154-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaddi_154-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaddi_154-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaddi_154-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaddi_154-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shaddi_154-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidBurnsRankinStevens2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Burns, Asia Simone; Rankin, Bill; Stevens, Alexis (November 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211106085425/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/prosecutors-no-evidence-arbery-stole-anything-before-fatal-shooting/QNEPEU76Y5H43AKG3JD2UMC5VE/">"Prosecutors: No evidence Arbery stole anything before he was killed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/prosecutors-no-evidence-arbery-stole-anything-before-fatal-shooting/QNEPEU76Y5H43AKG3JD2UMC5VE/">the original</a> on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 6, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Prosecutors%3A+No+evidence+Arbery+stole+anything+before+he+was+killed&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Burns%2C+Asia+Simone&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft.au=Stevens%2C+Alexis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fprosecutors-no-evidence-arbery-stole-anything-before-fatal-shooting%2FQNEPEU76Y5H43AKG3JD2UMC5VE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Simone-155">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Simone_155-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Simone_155-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidBurns2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Burns, Asia Simone (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/bryan-never-intended-to-harm-mr-arbery-attorney-tells-jury/IOK66UARRFB4DKVOF766LIX3KY/">"Bryan 'never intended to harm Mr. Arbery,' attorney tells jury"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211122023743/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/bryan-never-intended-to-harm-mr-arbery-attorney-tells-jury/IOK66UARRFB4DKVOF766LIX3KY/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Bryan+%27never+intended+to+harm+Mr.+Arbery%2C%27+attorney+tells+jury&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Burns%2C+Asia+Simone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fbryan-never-intended-to-harm-mr-arbery-attorney-tells-jury%2FIOK66UARRFB4DKVOF766LIX3KY%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tariro-156">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tariro_156-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tariro_156-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tariro_156-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaussetMzezewa2021" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard; Mzezewa, Tariro (November 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/05/us/ahmaud-arbery-trial.html">"In Trial Opening, Two Starkly Different Views of Ahmaud Arbery's Death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211106052539/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/05/us/ahmaud-arbery-trial.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Trial+Opening%2C+Two+Starkly+Different+Views+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Death&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Mzezewa%2C+Tariro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F05%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-trial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mason-157">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_157-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mason_157-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2021" class="citation news cs1">Mason, Hayley (November 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs46.com/news/new-video-and-evidence-unveiled-during-opening-statements-as-trial-in-arbery-shooting-begins/article_8c47b098-3e8e-11ec-8d03-7f772c8e4342.html">"New video and evidence unveiled during opening statements as trial in Arbery shooting begins"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS46" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS46">CBS46</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121045719/https://www.cbs46.com/news/new-video-and-evidence-unveiled-during-opening-statements-as-trial-in-arbery-shooting-begins/article_8c47b098-3e8e-11ec-8d03-7f772c8e4342.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS46&rft.atitle=New+video+and+evidence+unveiled+during+opening+statements+as+trial+in+Arbery+shooting+begins&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs46.com%2Fnews%2Fnew-video-and-evidence-unveiled-during-opening-statements-as-trial-in-arbery-shooting-begins%2Farticle_8c47b098-3e8e-11ec-8d03-7f772c8e4342.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayersSpellsHannaMaxouris2021" class="citation news cs1">Sayers, Devon; Spells, Alta; Hanna, Jason; Maxouris, Christina (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/17/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-9-wednesday/index.html">"Travis McMichael takes stand and describes moment he shot Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122024002/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/17/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-9-wednesday/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Travis+McMichael+takes+stand+and+describes+moment+he+shot+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Devon&rft.au=Spells%2C+Alta&rft.au=Hanna%2C+Jason&rft.au=Maxouris%2C+Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F11%2F17%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-9-wednesday%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bynum16-159">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bynum16_159-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum16_159-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum16_159-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (November 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-crime-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-brunswick-2c4f212153949b6f65e679eb2ab2444b">"Prosecution rests in trial of men who chased Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117005719/https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-crime-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-brunswick-2c4f212153949b6f65e679eb2ab2444b">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Prosecution+rests+in+trial+of+men+who+chased+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-crime-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-brunswick-2c4f212153949b6f65e679eb2ab2444b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (November 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/racial-injustice-brunswick-georgia-b033cc134abf8d95169da9d6fae13677">"Officer: Ahmaud Arbery would have received trespass warning"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116044614/https://apnews.com/article/racial-injustice-brunswick-georgia-b033cc134abf8d95169da9d6fae13677">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Officer%3A+Ahmaud+Arbery+would+have+received+trespass+warning&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fracial-injustice-brunswick-georgia-b033cc134abf8d95169da9d6fae13677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan (November 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/police-showed-defendants-video-ahmaud-arbery-before-shooting-georgia-jury-hears-2021-11-12/">"Police showed defendants video of Ahmaud Arbery before shooting, Georgia jury hears"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116044614/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/police-showed-defendants-video-ahmaud-arbery-before-shooting-georgia-jury-hears-2021-11-12/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Police+showed+defendants+video+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+before+shooting%2C+Georgia+jury+hears&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fpolice-showed-defendants-video-ahmaud-arbery-before-shooting-georgia-jury-hears-2021-11-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond2021" class="citation news cs1">Raymond, Jonathan (November 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-white-break-in-suspect/85-aa94155a-85d6-4df3-83a9-6332be9fa4a8">"Break-in by white suspect was caught on camera in neighborhood where Ahmaud Arbery was shot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/11Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="11Alive">11Alive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126191013/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-white-break-in-suspect/85-aa94155a-85d6-4df3-83a9-6332be9fa4a8">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=11Alive&rft.atitle=Break-in+by+white+suspect+was+caught+on+camera+in+neighborhood+where+Ahmaud+Arbery+was+shot&rft.date=2021-11-12&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Fahmaud-arbery-death-trial-white-break-in-suspect%2F85-aa94155a-85d6-4df3-83a9-6332be9fa4a8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-min-163">^ <a href="#cite_ref-min_163-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-min_163-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidBurnsRankin2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Burns, Asia Simone; Rankin, Bill (November 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109030258/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/ahmaud-arbery-case-police-officer-was-seconds-away-when-fatal-shooting-happened/AORWP5T2SJHCTOPFICWLA2YONU/">"Ahmaud Arbery case: Police officer was seconds away when fatal shooting happened"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/ahmaud-arbery-case-police-officer-was-seconds-away-when-fatal-shooting-happened/AORWP5T2SJHCTOPFICWLA2YONU/">the original</a> on November 9, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+case%3A+Police+officer+was+seconds+away+when+fatal+shooting+happened&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Burns%2C+Asia+Simone&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fahmaud-arbery-case-police-officer-was-seconds-away-when-fatal-shooting-happened%2FAORWP5T2SJHCTOPFICWLA2YONU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenMcKay2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan; McKay, Rich (November 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/georgia-jury-sees-crime-scene-photographs-ahmaud-arberys-body-2021-11-08/">"Ahmaud Arbery appeared 'tired of running' before he was shot, jury hears"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112054810/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/georgia-jury-sees-crime-scene-photographs-ahmaud-arberys-body-2021-11-08/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+appeared+%27tired+of+running%27+before+he+was+shot%2C+jury+hears&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=McKay%2C+Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fgeorgia-jury-sees-crime-scene-photographs-ahmaud-arberys-body-2021-11-08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMzezewa2021" class="citation news cs1">Mzezewa, Tariro (November 6, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/05/us/arbery-shooting-trial-witness-police.html">"'There was blood all over': A police officer describes the scene of Ahmaud Arbery's death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211106012146/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/05/us/arbery-shooting-trial-witness-police.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27There+was+blood+all+over%27%3A+A+police+officer+describes+the+scene+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death.&rft.date=2021-11-06&rft.aulast=Mzezewa&rft.aufirst=Tariro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F05%2Fus%2Farbery-shooting-trial-witness-police.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2021" class="citation news cs1">Ford, Hope (November 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/police-officer-is-first-witness-called-in-death-of-ahmaud-arbery-trial/85-38fef489-5057-4d11-818e-3b0524070011">"Police officer is first witness called in death of Ahmaud Arbery trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/11alive" class="mw-redirect" title="11alive">11alive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126190952/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/police-officer-is-first-witness-called-in-death-of-ahmaud-arbery-trial/85-38fef489-5057-4d11-818e-3b0524070011">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=11alive&rft.atitle=Police+officer+is+first+witness+called+in+death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+trial&rft.date=2021-11-05&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Hope&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Fpolice-officer-is-first-witness-called-in-death-of-ahmaud-arbery-trial%2F85-38fef489-5057-4d11-818e-3b0524070011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-adj92-167">^ <a href="#cite_ref-adj92_167-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-adj92_167-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-adj92_167-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidBurns2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Burns, Asia Simone (November 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109232153/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/officer-greg-mcmichael-was-amped-up-after-arbery-was-fatally-shot/A2ED6RSHRBA2TEU4QHPAJQXDKA/">"Officer: Greg McMichael was 'amped up' after Arbery was fatally shot"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/officer-greg-mcmichael-was-amped-up-after-arbery-was-fatally-shot/A2ED6RSHRBA2TEU4QHPAJQXDKA/">the original</a> on November 9, 2021. Retrieved November 9, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Officer%3A+Greg+McMichael+was+%27amped+up%27+after+Arbery+was+fatally+shot&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Burns%2C+Asia+Simone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fofficer-greg-mcmichael-was-amped-up-after-arbery-was-fatally-shot%2FA2ED6RSHRBA2TEU4QHPAJQXDKA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kirkland-168"><a href="#cite_ref-Kirkland_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayersKirkland2021" class="citation news cs1">Sayers, Devon M.; Kirkland, Pamela (November 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lite.cnn.com/en/article/h_84b94e956775e785ec542f70c5eacd76">"Detective testifies that Gregory McMichael told him he did not see Ahmaud Arbery commit a crime"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211122055600/http://lite.cnn.com/en/article/h_84b94e956775e785ec542f70c5eacd76">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Detective+testifies+that+Gregory+McMichael+told+him+he+did+not+see+Ahmaud+Arbery+commit+a+crime&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Devon+M.&rft.au=Kirkland%2C+Pamela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flite.cnn.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fh_84b94e956775e785ec542f70c5eacd76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bynum10-169">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bynum10_169-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum10_169-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum10_169-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum10_169-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum10_169-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (November 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia-shootings-d0c7ab042db2d93659abf8f8315da49a">"Testimony: Ahmaud Arbery slaying defendant changed his story"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112004334/https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia-shootings-d0c7ab042db2d93659abf8f8315da49a">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Testimony%3A+Ahmaud+Arbery+slaying+defendant+changed+his+story&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia-shootings-d0c7ab042db2d93659abf8f8315da49a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-mason-170">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mason_170-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mason_170-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-mason_170-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2021" class="citation news cs1">Mason, Hayley (November 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbs46.com/news/prosecution-focuses-on-greg-mcmichael-as-ring-leader-on-day-three-of-arbery-murder-trial/article_8953e6d0-41be-11ec-b0f7-171b7c2a6a60.html">"Prosecution focuses on Greg McMichael as ring leader on day three of Arbery murder trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS46" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS46">CBS46</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211112062708/https://www.cbs46.com/news/prosecution-focuses-on-greg-mcmichael-as-ring-leader-on-day-three-of-arbery-murder-trial/article_8953e6d0-41be-11ec-b0f7-171b7c2a6a60.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CBS46&rft.atitle=Prosecution+focuses+on+Greg+McMichael+as+ring+leader+on+day+three+of+Arbery+murder+trial&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbs46.com%2Fnews%2Fprosecution-focuses-on-greg-mcmichael-as-ring-leader-on-day-three-of-arbery-murder-trial%2Farticle_8953e6d0-41be-11ec-b0f7-171b7c2a6a60.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoryga2021" class="citation news cs1">Boryga, Andrew (November 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/ahmaud-arbery-killers-dad-gregory-mcmichael-wanted-to-shoot-him-too-witness-testifies">"Arbery Killer's Dad Wanted to Shoot Him Too, Witness Testifies"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114025431/https://www.thedailybeast.com/ahmaud-arbery-killers-dad-gregory-mcmichael-wanted-to-shoot-him-too-witness-testifies">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Arbery+Killer%27s+Dad+Wanted+to+Shoot+Him+Too%2C+Witness+Testifies&rft.date=2021-11-09&rft.aulast=Boryga&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fahmaud-arbery-killers-dad-gregory-mcmichael-wanted-to-shoot-him-too-witness-testifies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aj10-172">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aj10_172-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-aj10_172-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidBurns2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Burns, Asia Simone (November 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111032302/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/neighbor-who-called-police-on-arbery-expresses-regret/2VC6KQXAWNHJNCUR5CW3UKNPCU/">"Neighbor who called police on Arbery expresses regret"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/neighbor-who-called-police-on-arbery-expresses-regret/2VC6KQXAWNHJNCUR5CW3UKNPCU/">the original</a> on November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Neighbor+who+called+police+on+Arbery+expresses+regret&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Burns%2C+Asia+Simone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fneighbor-who-called-police-on-arbery-expresses-regret%2F2VC6KQXAWNHJNCUR5CW3UKNPCU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bynum11-173">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bynum11_173-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum11_173-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum11_173-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (November 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/racial-injustice-brunswick-georgia-crime-shootings-a75eaabd9d3c0cec796ca18fefd1652b">"Defendant: Ahmaud Arbery 'trapped like a rat' before slaying"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211113225015/https://apnews.com/article/racial-injustice-brunswick-georgia-crime-shootings-a75eaabd9d3c0cec796ca18fefd1652b">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Defendant%3A+Ahmaud+Arbery+%27trapped+like+a+rat%27+before+slaying&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fracial-injustice-brunswick-georgia-crime-shootings-a75eaabd9d3c0cec796ca18fefd1652b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan (November 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/ahmaud-arbery-knew-he-was-not-going-get-away-jury-hears-2021-11-10/">"In deadly pursuit, black jogger Arbery knew he was trapped, jury hears"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114130242/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/ahmaud-arbery-knew-he-was-not-going-get-away-jury-hears-2021-11-10/">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+deadly+pursuit%2C+black+jogger+Arbery+knew+he+was+trapped%2C+jury+hears&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-knew-he-was-not-going-get-away-jury-hears-2021-11-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-aj11-175"><a href="#cite_ref-aj11_175-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnsAbusaidRankin2021" class="citation news cs1">Burns, Asia Simone; Abusaid, Shaddi; Rankin, Bill (November 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/live-updates-testimony-continues-on-day-4-of-arbery-death-trial/VY6W4W6TYNCCXG2AG2LQ327NQA/">"Ahmaud Arbery death trial: Day 4 of testimony"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211115070827/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/live-updates-testimony-continues-on-day-4-of-arbery-death-trial/VY6W4W6TYNCCXG2AG2LQ327NQA/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+death+trial%3A+Day+4+of+testimony&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Asia+Simone&rft.au=Abusaid%2C+Shaddi&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Flive-updates-testimony-continues-on-day-4-of-arbery-death-trial%2FVY6W4W6TYNCCXG2AG2LQ327NQA%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alta-176"><a href="#cite_ref-Alta_176-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSayersSpellsMaxouris2021" class="citation news cs1">Sayers, Devon; Spells, Alta; Maxouris, Christina (November 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/12/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-6-friday/index.html">"Agent testifies defendant accused in Arbery's killing said he had an 'instinct' the black jogger had done something wrong"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115205814/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/12/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-6-friday/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Agent+testifies+defendant+accused+in+Arbery%27s+killing+said+he+had+an+%27instinct%27+the+black+jogger+had+done+something+wrong&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.aulast=Sayers&rft.aufirst=Devon&rft.au=Spells%2C+Alta&rft.au=Maxouris%2C+Christina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F11%2F12%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-6-friday%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaid2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi (November 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/defendant-minimized-involvement-in-arberys-killing-gbi-agent-says/RBVRIB7D7JGMBJQ6QVHQF5P6WE/">"Defendant 'minimized' involvement in Arbery's killing, GBI agent says"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116085929/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/defendant-minimized-involvement-in-arberys-killing-gbi-agent-says/RBVRIB7D7JGMBJQ6QVHQF5P6WE/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Defendant+%27minimized%27+involvement+in+Arbery%27s+killing%2C+GBI+agent+says&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fdefendant-minimized-involvement-in-arberys-killing-gbi-agent-says%2FRBVRIB7D7JGMBJQ6QVHQF5P6WE%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNunez2021" class="citation news cs1">Nunez, Gabriella (November 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/mapping-ahmaud-arberys-run-how-2-mile-jog-turned-into-evidence/85-0b472389-3fd3-4119-a85e-91d56781504b">"Prosecutors map out Ahmaud Arbery's jog before resting its case in trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/11Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="11Alive">11Alive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126191043/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/mapping-ahmaud-arberys-run-how-2-mile-jog-turned-into-evidence/85-0b472389-3fd3-4119-a85e-91d56781504b">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=11Alive&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+map+out+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+jog+before+resting+its+case+in+trial&rft.date=2021-11-16&rft.aulast=Nunez&rft.aufirst=Gabriella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Fmapping-ahmaud-arberys-run-how-2-mile-jog-turned-into-evidence%2F85-0b472389-3fd3-4119-a85e-91d56781504b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTracy2021" class="citation news cs1">Tracy, Kailey (November 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/reverend-jesse-jackson-comforts-ahmaud-arberys-parents-as-shotgun-shown-in-court/77-11315146-b63a-4142-b5d6-1d33f1516ffb">"'I finally got the chance to see the shotgun that killed my son' – Reverend Jesse Jackson comforts Ahmaud Arbery's parents as shotgun shown in court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTLV" title="WTLV">WTLV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126190955/https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/reverend-jesse-jackson-comforts-ahmaud-arberys-parents-as-shotgun-shown-in-court/77-11315146-b63a-4142-b5d6-1d33f1516ffb">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTLV&rft.atitle=%27I+finally+got+the+chance+to+see+the+shotgun+that+killed+my+son%27+%E2%80%93+Reverend+Jesse+Jackson+comforts+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+parents+as+shotgun+shown+in+court&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft.aulast=Tracy&rft.aufirst=Kailey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstcoastnews.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Freverend-jesse-jackson-comforts-ahmaud-arberys-parents-as-shotgun-shown-in-court%2F77-11315146-b63a-4142-b5d6-1d33f1516ffb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYancey-BraggHabersham2021" class="citation news cs1">Yancey-Bragg, N'dea; Habersham, Raisa (November 15, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/15/jesse-jackson-courtroom-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial/8623082002/">"Defense attorney fails to get Rev. Jesse Jackson removed from courtroom in Ahmaud Arbery death trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115213341/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/15/jesse-jackson-courtroom-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial/8623082002/">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Defense+attorney+fails+to+get+Rev.+Jesse+Jackson+removed+from+courtroom+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+death+trial&rft.date=2021-11-15&rft.aulast=Yancey-Bragg&rft.aufirst=N%27dea&rft.au=Habersham%2C+Raisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2021%2F11%2F15%2Fjesse-jackson-courtroom-ahmaud-arbery-death-trial%2F8623082002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp2021" class="citation news cs1">Sharp, Rachel (November 12, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/ahmaud-arbery-death-911-calls-b1956135.html">"Ahmaud Arbery death: Jury hears 911 calls made by two of the white men accused of murdering Black jogger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115083208/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/ahmaud-arbery-death-911-calls-b1956135.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+death%3A+Jury+hears+911+calls+made+by+two+of+the+white+men+accused+of+murdering+Black+jogger&rft.date=2021-11-12&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery-death-911-calls-b1956135.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mzezewa-182">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mzezewa_182-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mzezewa_182-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaussetMzezewa2021" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard; Mzezewa, Tariro (November 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/11/us/ahmaud-arbery-videos-trial.html">"In Trial of Men Accused of Arbery Murder, Jurors Consider Security Videos"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211115160304/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/11/us/ahmaud-arbery-videos-trial.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 15, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Trial+of+Men+Accused+of+Arbery+Murder%2C+Jurors+Consider+Security+Videos&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Mzezewa%2C+Tariro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-videos-trial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-raymond11-183">^ <a href="#cite_ref-raymond11_183-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-raymond11_183-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond2021" class="citation news cs1">Raymond, Jonathan (November 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-larry-english-deposition/85-1f5ed84b-b5ae-47e8-9ced-e8065170eea8">"'I think they might be trying to steal' – Homeowner's 911 call on white couple in Ahmaud Arbery death trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/11Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="11Alive">11Alive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126191037/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-larry-english-deposition/85-1f5ed84b-b5ae-47e8-9ced-e8065170eea8">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=11Alive&rft.atitle=%27I+think+they+might+be+trying+to+steal%27+%E2%80%93+Homeowner%27s+911+call+on+white+couple+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+death+trial&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Fahmaud-arbery-death-trial-larry-english-deposition%2F85-1f5ed84b-b5ae-47e8-9ced-e8065170eea8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hanna-184">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hanna_184-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hanna_184-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHannaSayersSpells2021" class="citation news cs1">Hanna, Jason; Sayers, Devon; Spells, Alta (November 13, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/11/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-5/index.html">"Homeowner who called 911 about people at site in months before Arbery's killing testified he did not ask the McMichaels to help secure his property"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211114182608/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/11/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-5/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Homeowner+who+called+911+about+people+at+site+in+months+before+Arbery%27s+killing+testified+he+did+not+ask+the+McMichaels+to+help+secure+his+property&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft.aulast=Hanna&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Sayers%2C+Devon&rft.au=Spells%2C+Alta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F11%2F11%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-day-5%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond2021" class="citation news cs1">Raymond, Jonathan (November 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-larry-english-unfinished-home-satilla-shores/85-f284994c-8145-491f-81ca-40b4b865fc44">"Jury hears from owner of unfinished home at center of Ahmaud Arbery death trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/11Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="11Alive">11Alive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125031608/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-larry-english-unfinished-home-satilla-shores/85-f284994c-8145-491f-81ca-40b4b865fc44">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=11Alive&rft.atitle=Jury+hears+from+owner+of+unfinished+home+at+center+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+death+trial&rft.date=2021-11-11&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Fahmaud-arbery-death-trial-larry-english-unfinished-home-satilla-shores%2F85-f284994c-8145-491f-81ca-40b4b865fc44&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRaymond2021" class="citation news cs1">Raymond, Jonathan (November 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-kellie-parr-testimony/85-45da552d-c227-4257-88ad-7c060911fc77">"'Don't be racist' – Woman believes she saw Ahmaud Arbery at unfinished house weeks before shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/11Alive" class="mw-redirect" title="11Alive">11Alive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125031642/https://www.11alive.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/ahmaud-arbery-death-trial-kellie-parr-testimony/85-45da552d-c227-4257-88ad-7c060911fc77">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 15, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=11Alive&rft.atitle=%27Don%27t+be+racist%27+%E2%80%93+Woman+believes+she+saw+Ahmaud+Arbery+at+unfinished+house+weeks+before+shooting&rft.date=2021-11-10&rft.aulast=Raymond&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.11alive.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Fahmaud-arbery-death-trial-kellie-parr-testimony%2F85-45da552d-c227-4257-88ad-7c060911fc77&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bynum18-187">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bynum18_187-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum18_187-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum18_187-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum18_187-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum18_187-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum18_187-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum18_187-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-trial-mcmichael-defense-17c18146928e28f1f48522b61e443719">"Man who shot Arbery testifies: 'He had my gun. He struck me'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118050512/https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-trial-mcmichael-defense-17c18146928e28f1f48522b61e443719">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Man+who+shot+Arbery+testifies%3A+%27He+had+my+gun.+He+struck+me%27&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-trial-mcmichael-defense-17c18146928e28f1f48522b61e443719&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hobbs-188">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hobbs_188-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hobbs_188-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hobbs_188-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hobbs_188-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hobbs_188-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hobbs_188-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2021" class="citation news cs1">Hobbs, Larry (November 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/prosecutors-crosses-travis-mcmichael-defense-rests/article_02d4becf-2c59-5e18-9a98-cff69c178945.html">"Prosecutors crosses Travis McMichael, defense rests"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211121134809/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/prosecutors-crosses-travis-mcmichael-defense-rests/article_02d4becf-2c59-5e18-9a98-cff69c178945.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=Prosecutors+crosses+Travis+McMichael%2C+defense+rests&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fprosecutors-crosses-travis-mcmichael-defense-rests%2Farticle_02d4becf-2c59-5e18-9a98-cff69c178945.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abusaid-189">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abusaid_189-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abusaid_189-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abusaid_189-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidBurnsRankin2021" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Burns, Asia; Rankin, Bill (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/a-life-or-death-situation-travis-mcmichael-testifies-in-his-own-defense/DNJUJUO4BBBRJEKRACQWV7VRHI/">"'A life or death situation': Travis McMichael testifies in his own defense"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211118042011/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/a-life-or-death-situation-travis-mcmichael-testifies-in-his-own-defense/DNJUJUO4BBBRJEKRACQWV7VRHI/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=%27A+life+or+death+situation%27%3A+Travis+McMichael+testifies+in+his+own+defense&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Burns%2C+Asia&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fa-life-or-death-situation-travis-mcmichael-testifies-in-his-own-defense%2FDNJUJUO4BBBRJEKRACQWV7VRHI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharp-190">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_190-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_190-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_190-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_190-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_190-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_190-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sharp_190-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp2021" class="citation news cs1">Sharp, Rachel (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/ahmaud-arbery-travis-mcmichael-stand-trial-b1959630.html">"Ahmaud Arbery: Travis McMichael weeps on the stand as he seeks to 'give my side of the story' in shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211117202100/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/crime/ahmaud-arbery-travis-mcmichael-stand-trial-b1959630.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%3A+Travis+McMichael+weeps+on+the+stand+as+he+seeks+to+%27give+my+side+of+the+story%27+in+shooting&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery-travis-mcmichael-stand-trial-b1959630.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hutchinson-191">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hutchinson_191-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutchinson_191-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutchinson_191-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hutchinson_191-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinson2021" class="citation news cs1">Hutchinson, Bill (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/travis-mcmichael-testifies-defense-ahmaud-arbery-case/story?id=81227117">"Travis McMichael testifies in his own defense in Ahmaud Arbery case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118001554/https://abcnews.go.com/US/travis-mcmichael-testifies-defense-ahmaud-arbery-case/story?id=81227117">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Travis+McMichael+testifies+in+his+own+defense+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+case&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Ftravis-mcmichael-testifies-defense-ahmaud-arbery-case%2Fstory%3Fid%3D81227117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/ahmaud-arbery-could-have-asked-defendant-help-defense-tells-georgia-jury-2021-11-17/">"'Life or death:' Travis McMichael tells Georgia jury he felt threatened by Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118003528/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/ahmaud-arbery-could-have-asked-defendant-help-defense-tells-georgia-jury-2021-11-17/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=%27Life+or+death%3A%27+Travis+McMichael+tells+Georgia+jury+he+felt+threatened+by+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-could-have-asked-defendant-help-defense-tells-georgia-jury-2021-11-17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bolden-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bolden_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bolden_193-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvansBolden2021" class="citation news cs1">Evans, Sean; Bolden, Bria (November 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtoc.com/2021/11/18/travis-mcmichael-testifies-arbery-never-threatened-him-or-pulled-out-weapon/">"Travis McMichael testifies Arbery never threatened him or pulled out a weapon"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211118235947/https://www.wtoc.com/2021/11/18/travis-mcmichael-testifies-arbery-never-threatened-him-or-pulled-out-weapon/">Archived</a> from the original on November 18, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Travis+McMichael+testifies+Arbery+never+threatened+him+or+pulled+out+a+weapon&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft.au=Bolden%2C+Bria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtoc.com%2F2021%2F11%2F18%2Ftravis-mcmichael-testifies-arbery-never-threatened-him-or-pulled-out-weapon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chappell-194">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chappell_194-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chappell_194-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChappellRomo2021" class="citation news cs1">Chappell, Bill; Romo, Vanessa (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/11/18/1056813652/travis-mcmichael-ahmaud-arbery-trial-latest-testimony">"Defense attorneys in Ahmaud Arbery murder trial rest their case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121011812/https://www.npr.org/2021/11/18/1056813652/travis-mcmichael-ahmaud-arbery-trial-latest-testimony">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Defense+attorneys+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+murder+trial+rest+their+case&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Romo%2C+Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F11%2F18%2F1056813652%2Ftravis-mcmichael-ahmaud-arbery-trial-latest-testimony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllenMckay2021" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan; Mckay, Rich (November 19, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/judge-decide-racial-slur-allegedly-uttered-by-murder-suspect-arbery-case-2021-11-18/">"Travis McMichael testifies he misspoke to police after killing Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121011814/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/judge-decide-racial-slur-allegedly-uttered-by-murder-suspect-arbery-case-2021-11-18/">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Travis+McMichael+testifies+he+misspoke+to+police+after+killing+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-19&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft.au=Mckay%2C+Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fjudge-decide-racial-slur-allegedly-uttered-by-murder-suspect-arbery-case-2021-11-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goggin-196">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goggin_196-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goggin_196-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoggin2021" class="citation news cs1">Goggin, Kayla (November 18, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/defense-rests-in-trial-over-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery/">"Defense rests in trial over killing of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Courthouse_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Courthouse News">Courthouse News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211121011830/https://www.courthousenews.com/defense-rests-in-trial-over-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery/">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2021. Retrieved November 21, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Courthouse+News&rft.atitle=Defense+rests+in+trial+over+killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-18&rft.aulast=Goggin&rft.aufirst=Kayla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fdefense-rests-in-trial-over-killing-of-ahmaud-arbery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FaussetClash-197">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetClash_197-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetClash_197-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetClash_197-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetClash_197-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetClash_197-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetClash_197-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FaussetClash_197-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaussetMzezewaRojas2021" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard; Mzezewa, Tariro; Rojas, Rick (November 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/22/us/arbery-murder-trial-closing-arguments.html">"Lawyers Clash Over Whether Pursuit of Arbery Was Justified"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211123025248/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/22/us/arbery-murder-trial-closing-arguments.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lawyers+Clash+Over+Whether+Pursuit+of+Arbery+Was+Justified&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Mzezewa%2C+Tariro&rft.au=Rojas%2C+Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F22%2Fus%2Farbery-murder-trial-closing-arguments.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-McLaughlin2-198">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin2_198-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin2_198-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McLaughlin2_198-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcLaughlinSayers2021" class="citation news cs1">McLaughlin, Eliott; Sayers, Devon (November 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/23/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-tuesday-closing-arguments/index.html">"Jury begins deliberations in trial of three men accused of killing Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124022725/https://edition.cnn.com/2021/11/23/us/ahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-tuesday-closing-arguments/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Jury+begins+deliberations+in+trial+of+three+men+accused+of+killing+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Eliott&rft.au=Sayers%2C+Devon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2021%2F11%2F23%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-killing-trial-tuesday-closing-arguments%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bynum22-199">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bynum22_199-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum22_199-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum22_199-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bynum22_199-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="bynum22" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (November 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-georgia-brunswick-5f3f6ea8c36ec94e45ad705684a2f947">"Attorneys make final case to jurors in Ahmaud Arbery's death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123022102/https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-georgia-brunswick-5f3f6ea8c36ec94e45ad705684a2f947">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Attorneys+make+final+case+to+jurors+in+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-georgia-brunswick-5f3f6ea8c36ec94e45ad705684a2f947&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Romo-200">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Romo_200-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Romo_200-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Romo_200-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHernandezRomo2021" class="citation news cs1">Hernandez, Joe; Romo, Vanessa (November 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2021/11/22/1057937318/ahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-bryan-updates-closing-arguments">"The Ahmaud Arbery case will go to the jury after prosecutors get the last word"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123052905/https://www.npr.org/2021/11/22/1057937318/ahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-bryan-updates-closing-arguments">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=The+Ahmaud+Arbery+case+will+go+to+the+jury+after+prosecutors+get+the+last+word&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Hernandez&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.au=Romo%2C+Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2021%2F11%2F22%2F1057937318%2Fahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-bryan-updates-closing-arguments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KnowlesBlame-201">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KnowlesBlame_201-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-KnowlesBlame_201-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCraigKnowles2021" class="citation news cs1">Craig, Tim; Knowles, Hannah (November 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/11/22/arbery-trial-closing-arguments/">"Defense says Ahmaud Arbery to blame for his death in murder trial's closing arguments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211123023530/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/11/22/arbery-trial-closing-arguments/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Defense+says+Ahmaud+Arbery+to+blame+for+his+death+in+murder+trial%27s+closing+arguments&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft.aulast=Craig&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Knowles%2C+Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2021%2F11%2F22%2Farbery-trial-closing-arguments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaughland2021" class="citation news cs1">Laughland, Oliver (November 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/22/ahmaud-arbery-murder-closing-arguments">"Ahmaud Arbery killing: prosecutor urges jury to 'use common sense'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123000612/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/22/ahmaud-arbery-murder-closing-arguments">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+killing%3A+prosecutor+urges+jury+to+%27use+common+sense%27&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Laughland&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2021%2Fnov%2F22%2Fahmaud-arbery-murder-closing-arguments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaussetRojasMzezewa2021" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard; Rojas, Rick; Mzezewa, Tariro (November 23, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/23/us/jury-deliberations-arbery-murder-trial.html">"Jury Begins Deliberations in Arbery Killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20211124021048/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/23/us/jury-deliberations-arbery-murder-trial.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jury+Begins+Deliberations+in+Arbery+Killing&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Rojas%2C+Rick&rft.au=Mzezewa%2C+Tariro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F23%2Fus%2Fjury-deliberations-arbery-murder-trial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.actionnewsjax.com/news/local/glynn-county/killing-ahmaud-arbery-jury-deliberations-begin/LJ6NXNET6ZAWJHAJVDTKUD72JU/">"Jury finds all 3 men guilty of murder of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. Action News Jax. November 23, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211123234527/https://www.actionnewsjax.com/news/local/glynn-county/killing-ahmaud-arbery-jury-deliberations-begin/LJ6NXNET6ZAWJHAJVDTKUD72JU/">Archived</a> from the original on November 23, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Action+News+Jax&rft.atitle=Jury+finds+all+3+men+guilty+of+murder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.actionnewsjax.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fglynn-county%2Fkilling-ahmaud-arbery-jury-deliberations-begin%2FLJ6NXNET6ZAWJHAJVDTKUD72JU%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-StraitsTimes-205">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StraitsTimes_205-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-StraitsTimes_205-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/three-georgia-men-found-guilty-of-ahmaud-arbery-murder">"Three Georgia men found guilty of Ahmaud Arbery murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a>. <a href="/wiki/Agence_France-Presse" title="Agence France-Presse">Agence France-Presse</a>. November 25, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125230921/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/three-georgia-men-found-guilty-of-ahmaud-arbery-murder">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 25, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times&rft.atitle=Three+Georgia+men+found+guilty+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+murder&rft.date=2021-11-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Funited-states%2Fthree-georgia-men-found-guilty-of-ahmaud-arbery-murder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGriffithSilva2021" class="citation web cs1">Griffith, Janelle; Silva, Daniella (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/jury-reaches-verdict-trial-three-men-killing-ahmaud-arbery-n1284316">"3 men found guilty of felony murder and other crimes in fatal shooting of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211124192455/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/jury-reaches-verdict-trial-three-men-killing-ahmaud-arbery-n1284316">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=3+men+found+guilty+of+felony+murder+and+other+crimes+in+fatal+shooting+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Griffith&rft.aufirst=Janelle&rft.au=Silva%2C+Daniella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fjury-reaches-verdict-trial-three-men-killing-ahmaud-arbery-n1284316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/killers-of-black-us-jogger-ahmaud-arbery-get-life-behind-bars-in-racially-charged-case">"Killers of Black US jogger Ahmaud Arbery get life behind bars in racially charged case"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Straits_Times" title="The Straits Times">The Straits Times</a> (<a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a>). January 8, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108211751/https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/killers-of-black-us-jogger-ahmaud-arbery-get-life-behind-bars-in-racially-charged-case">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Straits+Times+%28Singapore%29&rft.atitle=Killers+of+Black+US+jogger+Ahmaud+Arbery+get+life+behind+bars+in+racially+charged+case&rft.date=2022-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.straitstimes.com%2Fworld%2Funited-states%2Fkillers-of-black-us-jogger-ahmaud-arbery-get-life-behind-bars-in-racially-charged-case&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-59912361">"Ahmaud Arbery: Jogger's murderers sentenced to life in prison"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108001521/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-59912361">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%3A+Jogger%27s+murderers+sentenced+to+life+in+prison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-59912361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2022" class="citation news cs1">Knowles, Hannah (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/01/07/ahmaud-arbery-murder-sentencing/">"Ahmaud Arbery's killers sentenced to life in prison, two with no possibility of parole"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107201709/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/01/07/ahmaud-arbery-murder-sentencing/">Archived</a> from the original on January 7, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers+sentenced+to+life+in+prison%2C+two+with+no+possibility+of+parole&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2022%2F01%2F07%2Fahmaud-arbery-murder-sentencing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoggin2022" class="citation news cs1">Goggin, Kayla (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/ahmaud-arbery-killers-sentenced-to-life-two-without-parole/">"Ahmaud Arbery killers sentenced to life, two without parole"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Courthouse_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Courthouse News">Courthouse News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108211743/https://www.courthousenews.com/ahmaud-arbery-killers-sentenced-to-life-two-without-parole/">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Courthouse+News&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+killers+sentenced+to+life%2C+two+without+parole&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Goggin&rft.aufirst=Kayla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fahmaud-arbery-killers-sentenced-to-life-two-without-parole%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJarvie2022" class="citation news cs1">Jarvie, Jenny (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-01-07/georgia-three-men-sentenced-arbery-murder">"Three white men sentenced to life for the murder of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220108211749/https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2022-01-07/georgia-three-men-sentenced-arbery-murder">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Three+white+men+sentenced+to+life+for+the+murder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Jarvie&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2022-01-07%2Fgeorgia-three-men-sentenced-arbery-murder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYancey-BraggHabersham2022" class="citation news cs1">Yancey-Bragg, N'dea; Habersham, Raisa (January 7, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/01/07/ahmaud-arbery-murder-sentencing-mcmichaels/9077430002/">"3 men sentenced to life in prison for Ahmaud Arbery's murder; parole denied for father, son"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220111074112/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/01/07/ahmaud-arbery-murder-sentencing-mcmichaels/9077430002/">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2022. Retrieved January 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=3+men+sentenced+to+life+in+prison+for+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+murder%3B+parole+denied+for+father%2C+son&rft.date=2022-01-07&rft.aulast=Yancey-Bragg&rft.aufirst=N%27dea&rft.au=Habersham%2C+Raisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2022%2F01%2F07%2Fahmaud-arbery-murder-sentencing-mcmichaels%2F9077430002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVera2021" class="citation news cs1">Vera, Amir (April 28, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/28/us/ahmaud-arbery-suspects-indicted/index.html">"Federal prosecutors indict three men in death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428220447/https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/28/us/ahmaud-arbery-suspects-indicted/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2021. Retrieved April 28, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Federal+prosecutors+indict+three+men+in+death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-04-28&rft.aulast=Vera&rft.aufirst=Amir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F04%2F28%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-suspects-indicted%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHabersham2021" class="citation web cs1">Habersham, Raisa (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.savannahnow.com/story/news/2021/11/24/ahmaud-arbery-case-georgia-death-penalty-hate-crime-charges/8753395002/">"Ahmaud Arbery case not over as 3 men still face GA hate crime charges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Savannah_Morning_News" title="Savannah Morning News">Savannah Morning News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126022653/https://eu.savannahnow.com/story/news/2021/11/24/ahmaud-arbery-case-georgia-death-penalty-hate-crime-charges/8753395002/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Savannah+Morning+News&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+case+not+over+as+3+men+still+face+GA+hate+crime+charges&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Habersham&rft.aufirst=Raisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.savannahnow.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Fahmaud-arbery-case-georgia-death-penalty-hate-crime-charges%2F8753395002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/civil-rights/federal-civil-rights-statutes">"Federal Civil Rights Statutes — FBI"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105011804/https://www.fbi.gov/investigate/civil-rights/federal-civil-rights-statutes">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft.atitle=Federal+Civil+Rights+Statutes+%E2%80%94+FBI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Finvestigate%2Fcivil-rights%2Ffederal-civil-rights-statutes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolcombeBarajasSavidge2021" class="citation news cs1">Holcombe, Madeline; Barajas, Angela; Savidge, Martin (May 11, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/11/us/ahmaud-arbery-georgia-murder-federal-hearing/index.html">"Men charged in Ahmaud Arbery's killing plead not guilty in federal court"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511235248/https://www.cnn.com/2021/05/11/us/ahmaud-arbery-georgia-murder-federal-hearing/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Men+charged+in+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killing+plead+not+guilty+in+federal+court&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Madeline&rft.au=Barajas%2C+Angela&rft.au=Savidge%2C+Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F05%2F11%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-georgia-murder-federal-hearing%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliott2022" class="citation web cs1">Elliott, Debbie (February 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/02/01/1077192636/2-men-convicted-in-ahmaud-arberys-death-reach-a-federal-plea-deal">"2 men convicted in Ahmaud Arbery's death reach a federal plea deal"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220202095126/https://www.npr.org/2022/02/01/1077192636/2-men-convicted-in-ahmaud-arberys-death-reach-a-federal-plea-deal">Archived</a> from the original on February 2, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=2+men+convicted+in+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death+reach+a+federal+plea+deal&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft.aulast=Elliott&rft.aufirst=Debbie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F02%2F01%2F1077192636%2F2-men-convicted-in-ahmaud-arberys-death-reach-a-federal-plea-deal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTMzezewal-218">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTMzezewal_218-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTMzezewal_218-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMzezewaBurchFausset2022" class="citation news cs1">Mzezewa, Tariro; Burch, Audra D. S.; Fausset, Richard (February 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/us/gregory-mcmichael-travis-mcmichael-william-bryan.html">"Three Men Are Found Guilty of Hate Crimes in Arbery Killing"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224110542/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/us/gregory-mcmichael-travis-mcmichael-william-bryan.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Three+Men+Are+Found+Guilty+of+Hate+Crimes+in+Arbery+Killing&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Mzezewa&rft.aufirst=Tariro&rft.au=Burch%2C+Audra+D.+S.&rft.au=Fausset%2C+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F22%2Fus%2Fgregory-mcmichael-travis-mcmichael-william-bryan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPoNakamura-219">^ <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoNakamura_219-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoNakamura_219-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-WaPoNakamura_219-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNakamura2022" class="citation news cs1">Nakamura, David (February 3, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/03/arbery-plea-deal-racial-justice/">"Federal prosecutors saw a plea deal for Arbery's killers as racial justice. His family thought otherwise"</a>. The Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204073849/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2022/02/03/arbery-plea-deal-racial-justice/">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 23, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Federal+prosecutors+saw+a+plea+deal+for+Arbery%27s+killers+as+racial+justice.+His+family+thought+otherwise.&rft.date=2022-02-03&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Nakamura&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2F2022%2F02%2F03%2Farbery-plea-deal-racial-justice%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2022" class="citation news cs1">Allen, Jonathan (February 1, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-prosecutors-reach-hate-crime-plea-deals-ahmaud-arbery-murder-court-filings-2022-01-31/">"In rare move, U.S. judge rejects plea agreement by Ahmaud Arbery's murderers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220204125954/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/us-prosecutors-reach-hate-crime-plea-deals-ahmaud-arbery-murder-court-filings-2022-01-31/">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=In+rare+move%2C+U.S.+judge+rejects+plea+agreement+by+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+murderers&rft.date=2022-02-01&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fus-prosecutors-reach-hate-crime-plea-deals-ahmaud-arbery-murder-court-filings-2022-01-31%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi2022" class="citation news cs1">Li, David (February 5, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ahmaud-arberys-killers-headed-trial-withdrawing-guilty-pleas-hate-crim-rcna14887">"Ahmaud Arbery's killers headed to federal trial after withdrawing guilty pleas on hate crime charge"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220205082415/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/ahmaud-arberys-killers-headed-trial-withdrawing-guilty-pleas-hate-crim-rcna14887">Archived</a> from the original on February 5, 2022. Retrieved February 5, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers+headed+to+federal+trial+after+withdrawing+guilty+pleas+on+hate+crime+charge&rft.date=2022-02-05&rft.aulast=Li&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fus-news%2Fahmaud-arberys-killers-headed-trial-withdrawing-guilty-pleas-hate-crim-rcna14887&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bynum0219-222">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum0219_222-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum0219_222-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum0219_222-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2022" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (February 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-brunswick-57b92e2bae7142bf713fc7c21ee97fa6">"Testimony wraps up in hate crimes trial over Arbery killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220223073144/https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-brunswick-57b92e2bae7142bf713fc7c21ee97fa6">Archived</a> from the original on February 23, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Testimony+wraps+up+in+hate+crimes+trial+over+Arbery+killing&rft.date=2022-02-19&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-racial-injustice-brunswick-57b92e2bae7142bf713fc7c21ee97fa6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaid2022" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi (February 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/ahmaud-arbery-case-testimony-begins-in-federal-hate-crimes-trial/7FG5IPMZL5HWXDGGNA3QNQJQXI/">"Ahmaud Arbery case: Testimony begins in federal hate crimes trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220219093143/https://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta-news/ahmaud-arbery-case-testimony-begins-in-federal-hate-crimes-trial/7FG5IPMZL5HWXDGGNA3QNQJQXI/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+case%3A+Testimony+begins+in+federal+hate+crimes+trial&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fatlanta-news%2Fahmaud-arbery-case-testimony-begins-in-federal-hate-crimes-trial%2F7FG5IPMZL5HWXDGGNA3QNQJQXI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bynum0218-224">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum0218_224-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bynum0218_224-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2022" class="citation news cs1">Bynum, Russ (February 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-crime-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-media-79fb061c729087469d3603614b141d69">"Arbery not seen stealing, cop told hate crime defendants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224015314/https://apnews.com/article/ahmaud-arbery-crime-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-media-79fb061c729087469d3603614b141d69">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Arbery+not+seen+stealing%2C+cop+told+hate+crime+defendants&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fahmaud-arbery-crime-georgia-race-and-ethnicity-media-79fb061c729087469d3603614b141d69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-posts-225">^ <a href="#cite_ref-posts_225-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-posts_225-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-posts_225-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoggin2022" class="citation news cs1">Goggin, Kayla (February 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courthousenews.com/racist-social-media-posts-text-messages-revealed-during-hate-crimes-trial-against-arberys-killers/">"Racist social media posts, text messages revealed during hate crimes trial against Arbery's killers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Courthouse_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Courthouse News">Courthouse News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219114913/https://www.courthousenews.com/racist-social-media-posts-text-messages-revealed-during-hate-crimes-trial-against-arberys-killers/">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Courthouse+News&rft.atitle=Racist+social+media+posts%2C+text+messages+revealed+during+hate+crimes+trial+against+Arbery%27s+killers&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.aulast=Goggin&rft.aufirst=Kayla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.courthousenews.com%2Fracist-social-media-posts-text-messages-revealed-during-hate-crimes-trial-against-arberys-killers%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BakerL-226"><a href="#cite_ref-BakerL_226-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaker2022" class="citation news cs1">Baker, Liz (February 16, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2022/02/16/1081257533/racist-violent-evidence-presented-in-federal-trial-against-ahmaud-arberys-killer">"Racist, violent evidence presented in federal trial against Ahmaud Arbery's killers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224034416/https://www.npr.org/2022/02/16/1081257533/racist-violent-evidence-presented-in-federal-trial-against-ahmaud-arberys-killer">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Racist%2C+violent+evidence+presented+in+federal+trial+against+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Liz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2022%2F02%2F16%2F1081257533%2Fracist-violent-evidence-presented-in-federal-trial-against-ahmaud-arberys-killer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Janice-227">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Janice_227-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Janice_227-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHutchinsonMcDonald2022" class="citation news cs1">Hutchinson, Bill; McDonald, Janice (February 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/racist-messages-vile-online-posts-highlighted-hate-crimes/story?id=82927106">"Racist messages, vile online posts highlighted in hate crimes trial of Ahmaud Arbery's killers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220224004808/https://abcnews.go.com/US/racist-messages-vile-online-posts-highlighted-hate-crimes/story?id=82927106">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Racist+messages%2C+vile+online+posts+highlighted+in+hate+crimes+trial+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=Hutchinson&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=McDonald%2C+Janice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fracist-messages-vile-online-posts-highlighted-hate-crimes%2Fstory%3Fid%3D82927106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/testimony-federal-hate-crimes-trial-ahmaud-arberys-killers/77-33cbdef1-9d81-45bc-b0cc-a1feee00f4df">"FBI agent reads text messages, social media posts of Ahmaud Arbery's killers regularly using N-word, racial slurs during hate crime trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Firstcoastnews.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Firstcoastnews.com">First Coast News</a>. February 16, 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220225135015/https://www.firstcoastnews.com/article/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery/testimony-federal-hate-crimes-trial-ahmaud-arberys-killers/77-33cbdef1-9d81-45bc-b0cc-a1feee00f4df">Archived</a> from the original on February 25, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=First+Coast+News&rft.atitle=FBI+agent+reads+text+messages%2C+social+media+posts+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers+regularly+using+N-word%2C+racial+slurs+during+hate+crime+trial&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstcoastnews.com%2Farticle%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery%2Ftestimony-federal-hate-crimes-trial-ahmaud-arberys-killers%2F77-33cbdef1-9d81-45bc-b0cc-a1feee00f4df&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMckayBrooks2022" class="citation news cs1">Mckay, Rich; Brooks, Brad (February 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/prosecution-defense-rest-cases-arbery-hate-crimes-trial-2022-02-19/">"Prosecution, defense rest cases in Arbery hate crimes trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222121745/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/prosecution-defense-rest-cases-arbery-hate-crimes-trial-2022-02-19/">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Prosecution%2C+defense+rest+cases+in+Arbery+hate+crimes+trial&rft.date=2022-02-19&rft.aulast=Mckay&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft.au=Brooks%2C+Brad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fprosecution-defense-rest-cases-arbery-hate-crimes-trial-2022-02-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMzezewa2022" class="citation news cs1">Mzezewa, Tariro (February 18, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/18/us/ahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-trial.html">"After Calling One Witness, Defense Rests in Arbery Hate Crimes Trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20220219081909/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/18/us/ahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-trial.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+Calling+One+Witness%2C+Defense+Rests+in+Arbery+Hate+Crimes+Trial&rft.date=2022-02-18&rft.aulast=Mzezewa&rft.aufirst=Tariro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F18%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-mcmichael-trial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKallingalRoyal2022" class="citation news cs1">Kallingal, Mallika; Royal, Denise (February 19, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/18/us/ahmaud-arbery-hate-crime-trial-friday/index.html">"Travis McMichael's former boss says he fired McMichael for lying about Ahmaud Arbery's murder"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220219233831/https://edition.cnn.com/2022/02/18/us/ahmaud-arbery-hate-crime-trial-friday/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2022. Retrieved February 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Travis+McMichael%27s+former+boss+says+he+fired+McMichael+for+lying+about+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+murder&rft.date=2022-02-19&rft.aulast=Kallingal&rft.aufirst=Mallika&rft.au=Royal%2C+Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F02%2F18%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-hate-crime-trial-friday%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWelle_(http://www.dw.com)" class="citation web cs1">Welle (<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.dw.com">http://www.dw.com</a>), Deutsche. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/en/ahmaud-arberys-killers-found-guilty-of-federal-hate-crimes/a-60876413">"Ahmaud Arbery's killers found guilty of federal hate crimes | DW | February 22, 2022"</a>. DW.COM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220222160551/https://www.dw.com/en/ahmaud-arberys-killers-found-guilty-of-federal-hate-crimes/a-60876413">Archived</a> from the original on February 22, 2022. Retrieved February 22, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers+found+guilty+of+federal+hate+crimes+%7C+DW+%7C+February+22%2C+2022&rft.aulast=Welle+%28http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%29&rft.aufirst=Deutsche&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fahmaud-arberys-killers-found-guilty-of-federal-hate-crimes%2Fa-60876413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NdeaYB-233">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NdeaYB_233-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-NdeaYB_233-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYancey-BraggHabersham2022" class="citation news cs1">Yancey-Bragg, N'dea; Habersham, Raisa (February 22, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/02/22/verdict-ahmaud-arbery-killers-hate-crimes-trial/6890909001/">"Ahmaud Arbery's killers found guilty of federal hate crimes, may face additional life sentence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301034255/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2022/02/22/verdict-ahmaud-arbery-killers-hate-crimes-trial/6890909001/">Archived</a> from the original on March 1, 2022. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers+found+guilty+of+federal+hate+crimes%2C+may+face+additional+life+sentence&rft.date=2022-02-22&rft.aulast=Yancey-Bragg&rft.aufirst=N%27dea&rft.au=Habersham%2C+Raisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2022%2F02%2F22%2Fverdict-ahmaud-arbery-killers-hate-crimes-trial%2F6890909001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaniel2022" class="citation news cs1">Daniel, Nyamekye (March 12, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.yahoo.com/no-evidence-racist-attitudes-travis-170200545.html">"'No Evidence' of 'Racist Attitudes': Travis and Gregory McMichael Appeal Federal Case on Grounds That Ahmaud Arbery's Killing Didn't Happen In Public Streets"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! News">Yahoo! News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220313150807/https://news.yahoo.com/no-evidence-racist-attitudes-travis-170200545.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2022. Retrieved March 13, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+News&rft.atitle=%27No+Evidence%27+of+%27Racist+Attitudes%27%3A+Travis+and+Gregory+McMichael+Appeal+Federal+Case+on+Grounds+That+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Killing+Didn%27t+Happen+In+Public+Streets&rft.date=2022-03-12&rft.aulast=Daniel&rft.aufirst=Nyamekye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fno-evidence-racist-attitudes-travis-170200545.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/6262118/ahmaud-arbery-murder-appeals/">"3 Men Found Guilty in Ahmaud Arbery Murder Appeal Federal Hate Crime Convictions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. March 11, 2023. Retrieved March 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=3+Men+Found+Guilty+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+Murder+Appeal+Federal+Hate+Crime+Convictions&rft.date=2023-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6262118%2Fahmaud-arbery-murder-appeals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFranklin2023" class="citation news cs1">Franklin, Jonathan (March 10, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/2023/03/10/1162669410/ahmaud-arbery-murder-hate-crime-file-appeals">"3 men found guilty in Ahmaud Arbery's murder file appeals of hate crime convictions"</a>. NPR. Retrieved March 19, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=3+men+found+guilty+in+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+murder+file+appeals+of+hate+crime+convictions&rft.date=2023-03-10&rft.aulast=Franklin&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F03%2F10%2F1162669410%2Fahmaud-arbery-murder-hate-crime-file-appeals&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailynewsbrief.com/2022/08/08/travis-mcmichael-given-2nd-life-sentence-over-ahmaud-arberys-killing/">"Travis McMichael Given 2nd Life Sentence Over Ahmaud Arbery's Killing"</a>. Daily Newsbrief. August 8, 2022. Retrieved August 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+Newsbrief&rft.atitle=Travis+McMichael+Given+2nd+Life+Sentence+Over+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Killing&rft.date=2022-08-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailynewsbrief.com%2F2022%2F08%2F08%2Ftravis-mcmichael-given-2nd-life-sentence-over-ahmaud-arberys-killing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbusaidRankin" class="citation news cs1">Abusaid, Shaddi; Rankin, Bill. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/news/crime/ahmaud-arbery-case-roddie-bryan-gets-35-years-in-prison-for-hate-crimes/HJIEOYS4PRD4FOMYAL3BK3I32E/">"Ahmaud Arbery case: Roddie Bryan gets 35 years in prison for hate crimes"</a>. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+case%3A+Roddie+Bryan+gets+35+years+in+prison+for+hate+crimes&rft.aulast=Abusaid&rft.aufirst=Shaddi&rft.au=Rankin%2C+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fnews%2Fcrime%2Fahmaud-arbery-case-roddie-bryan-gets-35-years-in-prison-for-hate-crimes%2FHJIEOYS4PRD4FOMYAL3BK3I32E%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Savidge-239">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Savidge_239-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Savidge_239-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSavidgeBarajas2021" class="citation news cs1">Savidge, Martin; Barajas, Angela (September 8, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/03/us/ahmaud-arbery-jackie-johnson-indicted/index.html">"Former district attorney arrested after indictment in connection with Ahmaud Arbery investigation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211109052516/https://www.cnn.com/2021/09/03/us/ahmaud-arbery-jackie-johnson-indicted/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Former+district+attorney+arrested+after+indictment+in+connection+with+Ahmaud+Arbery+investigation&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.aulast=Savidge&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Barajas%2C+Angela&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F09%2F03%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-jackie-johnson-indicted%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBynum2021" class="citation web cs1">Bynum, Russ (September 9, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/georgia-brunswick-ahmaud-arbery-savannah-583c175e91787305180682f10671d2e7">"Ex-prosecutor charged in Ahmaud Arbery case booked at jail"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126044555/https://apnews.com/article/georgia-brunswick-ahmaud-arbery-savannah-583c175e91787305180682f10671d2e7">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 26, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Ex-prosecutor+charged+in+Ahmaud+Arbery+case+booked+at+jail&rft.date=2021-09-09&rft.aulast=Bynum&rft.aufirst=Russ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgeorgia-brunswick-ahmaud-arbery-savannah-583c175e91787305180682f10671d2e7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAfshar2022" class="citation news cs1">Afshar, Paradise (May 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edition.cnn.com/2022/05/06/us/ahmaud-arbery-shooting-da-calls/index.html">"One of Ahmaud Arbery's killers had 16 phone calls with DA before arrest, court filings say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=One+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killers+had+16+phone+calls+with+DA+before+arrest%2C+court+filings+say&rft.date=2022-05-06&rft.aulast=Afshar&rft.aufirst=Paradise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F05%2F06%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-shooting-da-calls%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Knowles-242"><a href="#cite_ref-Knowles_242-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnowles2020" class="citation news cs1">Knowles, Hannah (May 10, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/10/ahmaud-arbery-doj-investigation/">"Georgia's attorney general asks DOJ to investigate handling of Ahmaud Arbery's killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081443/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/05/10/ahmaud-arbery-doj-investigation/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Georgia%27s+attorney+general+asks+DOJ+to+investigate+handling+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+killing&rft.date=2020-05-10&rft.aulast=Knowles&rft.aufirst=Hannah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2020%2F05%2F10%2Fahmaud-arbery-doj-investigation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DOJWeigh-243"><a href="#cite_ref-DOJWeigh_243-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLynch2020" class="citation news cs1">Lynch, Sarah N. (May 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shooting-georgia/justice-department-weighs-hate-crime-charges-in-death-of-ahmaud-arbery-idUSKBN22N29X">"Justice Department weighs hate crime charges in death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081520/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shooting-georgia/justice-department-weighs-hate-crime-charges-in-death-of-ahmaud-arbery-idUSKBN22N29X">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Justice+Department+weighs+hate+crime+charges+in+death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.aulast=Lynch&rft.aufirst=Sarah+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-shooting-georgia%2Fjustice-department-weighs-hate-crime-charges-in-death-of-ahmaud-arbery-idUSKBN22N29X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShortell2020" class="citation news cs1">Shortell, David (May 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/11/politics/arbery-justice-department-hate-crime-charges/index.html">"Justice Department assessing whether to bring hate crime charges in Arbery shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081401/https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/11/politics/arbery-justice-department-hate-crime-charges/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Justice+Department+assessing+whether+to+bring+hate+crime+charges+in+Arbery+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.aulast=Shortell&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F05%2F11%2Fpolitics%2Farbery-justice-department-hate-crime-charges%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RojasFaussetKovaleski-245">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RojasFaussetKovaleski_245-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RojasFaussetKovaleski_245-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RojasFaussetKovaleski_245-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRojasFaussetKovaleski2020" class="citation news cs1">Rojas, Rick; Fausset, Richard; Kovaleski, Serge F. (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/us/glynn-county-police-ahmaud-arbery.html">"Georgia Killing Puts Spotlight on a Police Force's Troubled History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510160659/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/us/glynn-county-police-ahmaud-arbery.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Georgia+Killing+Puts+Spotlight+on+a+Police+Force%27s+Troubled+History&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Rojas&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.au=Fausset%2C+Richard&rft.au=Kovaleski%2C+Serge+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Fus%2Fglynn-county-police-ahmaud-arbery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Carr-246">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Carr_246-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Carr_246-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2020" class="citation news cs1">Carr, Nicole (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsbtv.com/news/georgia/ahmaud-arbery-murder-raises-long-standing-issues-with-glynn-county-das-handling-cases/CZNCBJJY35HDLOFQGQYYNACCG4/">"Ahmaud Arbery murder raises long-standing issues with Glynn County DA's handling of cases"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WSB-TV" title="WSB-TV">WSB-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081402/https://www.wsbtv.com/news/georgia/ahmaud-arbery-murder-raises-long-standing-issues-with-glynn-county-das-handling-cases/CZNCBJJY35HDLOFQGQYYNACCG4/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+murder+raises+long-standing+issues+with+Glynn+County+DA%27s+handling+of+cases&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsbtv.com%2Fnews%2Fgeorgia%2Fahmaud-arbery-murder-raises-long-standing-issues-with-glynn-county-das-handling-cases%2FCZNCBJJY35HDLOFQGQYYNACCG4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Evans-247"><a href="#cite_ref-Evans_247-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEvans2020" class="citation news cs1">Evans, Beau (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/news/arrests-made-in-coastal-georgia-shooting-of-ahmaud-arbery-gbi-says-charges-could-be-brought/article_6f95efaa-9147-11ea-aa87-0b10c5216568.html">"Arrests made in coastal Georgia shooting of Ahmaud Arbery; GBI says charges could be brought against others"</a>. Gwinnett Daily Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081402/https://www.gwinnettdailypost.com/news/arrests-made-in-coastal-georgia-shooting-of-ahmaud-arbery-gbi-says-charges-could-be-brought/article_6f95efaa-9147-11ea-aa87-0b10c5216568.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gwinnett+Daily+Post&rft.atitle=Arrests+made+in+coastal+Georgia+shooting+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%3B+GBI+says+charges+could+be+brought+against+others&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Evans&rft.aufirst=Beau&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gwinnettdailypost.com%2Fnews%2Farrests-made-in-coastal-georgia-shooting-of-ahmaud-arbery-gbi-says-charges-could-be-brought%2Farticle_6f95efaa-9147-11ea-aa87-0b10c5216568.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200622153824/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/bill-to-allow-vote-on-county-police-department-passes-house-ligon-says-senate-passage-likely/article_24e369c7-f968-520b-999d-e32e352b8f92.html">"Bill to allow vote on county police department passes House; Ligon says senate passage likely"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. June 20, 2020. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/bill-to-allow-vote-on-county-police-department-passes-house-ligon-says-senate-passage-likely/article_24e369c7-f968-520b-999d-e32e352b8f92.html">the original</a> on June 22, 2020. Retrieved June 21, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=Bill+to+allow+vote+on+county+police+department+passes+House%3B+Ligon+says+senate+passage+likely&rft.date=2020-06-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fbill-to-allow-vote-on-county-police-department-passes-house-ligon-says-senate-passage-likely%2Farticle_24e369c7-f968-520b-999d-e32e352b8f92.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtoc.com/2020/08/05/gov-kemp-vetoes-non-binding-bill-giving-voters-chance-dissolve-glynn-co-police-department/">"Gov. Kemp vetoes non-binding bill giving voters chance to dissolve Glynn Co. Police Department"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. Grey Television, Inc. August 5, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200807063044/https://www.wtoc.com/2020/08/05/gov-kemp-vetoes-non-binding-bill-giving-voters-chance-dissolve-glynn-co-police-department/">Archived</a> from the original on August 7, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Gov.+Kemp+vetoes+non-binding+bill+giving+voters+chance+to+dissolve+Glynn+Co.+Police+Department&rft.date=2020-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtoc.com%2F2020%2F08%2F05%2Fgov-kemp-vetoes-non-binding-bill-giving-voters-chance-dissolve-glynn-co-police-department%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntram2020" class="citation web cs1">Antram, Victoria (September 15, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.ballotpedia.org/2020/09/15/glynn-county-georgia-ballot-measure-to-abolish-local-police-ruled-unconstitutional/">"Glynn County, Georgia, ballot measure to abolish local police ruled unconstitutional"</a>. Ballotpedia News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081501/https://news.ballotpedia.org/2020/09/15/glynn-county-georgia-ballot-measure-to-abolish-local-police-ruled-unconstitutional/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Glynn+County%2C+Georgia%2C+ballot+measure+to+abolish+local+police+ruled+unconstitutional&rft.pub=Ballotpedia+News&rft.date=2020-09-15&rft.aulast=Antram&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.ballotpedia.org%2F2020%2F09%2F15%2Fglynn-county-georgia-ballot-measure-to-abolish-local-police-ruled-unconstitutional%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2020" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Taylor (September 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200912054609/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/judge-declares-gcpd-abolishment-referendum-unconstitutional/article_4453ac91-4777-52df-863c-994c190ee6e3.html">"Judge declares GCPD abolishment referendum unconstitutional"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. Brunswick News Publishing Co. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/judge-declares-gcpd-abolishment-referendum-unconstitutional/article_4453ac91-4777-52df-863c-994c190ee6e3.html">the original</a> on September 12, 2020. Retrieved November 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=Judge+declares+GCPD+abolishment+referendum+unconstitutional&rft.date=2020-09-11&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fjudge-declares-gcpd-abolishment-referendum-unconstitutional%2Farticle_4453ac91-4777-52df-863c-994c190ee6e3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlotkin2020" class="citation news cs1">Slotkin, Jason (June 26, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/26/884003927/after-ahmaud-arberys-killing-georgia-gov-signs-hate-crimes-legislation">"After Ahmaud Arbery's Killing, Georgia Governor Signs Hate Crimes Legislation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081449/https://www.npr.org/sections/live-updates-protests-for-racial-justice/2020/06/26/884003927/after-ahmaud-arberys-killing-georgia-gov-signs-hate-crimes-legislation">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=After+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Killing%2C+Georgia+Governor+Signs+Hate+Crimes+Legislation&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft.aulast=Slotkin&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Flive-updates-protests-for-racial-justice%2F2020%2F06%2F26%2F884003927%2Fafter-ahmaud-arberys-killing-georgia-gov-signs-hate-crimes-legislation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVoitik2021" class="citation news cs1">Voitik, Katie (February 16, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.actionnewsjax.com/news/gov-kemp-calls-an-overhaul-citizens-arrest-bill/NCQFXNYUJVAFZFTDGDJZS4UHNI/">"Gov. Kemp calls for overhaul of the Citizen's Arrest Bill ahead of anniversary of Ahmaud Arbery's death"</a>. ActionNewsJax. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116184821/https://www.actionnewsjax.com/news/gov-kemp-calls-an-overhaul-citizens-arrest-bill/NCQFXNYUJVAFZFTDGDJZS4UHNI/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ActionNewsJax&rft.atitle=Gov.+Kemp+calls+for+overhaul+of+the+Citizen%27s+Arrest+Bill+ahead+of+anniversary+of+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+death&rft.date=2021-02-16&rft.aulast=Voitik&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.actionnewsjax.com%2Fnews%2Fgov-kemp-calls-an-overhaul-citizens-arrest-bill%2FNCQFXNYUJVAFZFTDGDJZS4UHNI%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrabhu2021" class="citation news cs1">Prabhu, Maya T. (March 4, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajc.com/politics/georgias-citizens-arrest-overhaul-clears-first-hurdle/SJGOCKTI6NHATAPRUTXPDL6FFM/">"Georgia's citizen's arrest overhaul clears first hurdle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Journal-Constitution" title="The Atlanta Journal-Constitution">The Atlanta Journal-Constitution</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211116184815/https://www.ajc.com/politics/georgias-citizens-arrest-overhaul-clears-first-hurdle/SJGOCKTI6NHATAPRUTXPDL6FFM/">Archived</a> from the original on November 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Journal-Constitution&rft.atitle=Georgia%27s+citizen%27s+arrest+overhaul+clears+first+hurdle.&rft.date=2021-03-04&rft.aulast=Prabhu&rft.aufirst=Maya+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajc.com%2Fpolitics%2Fgeorgias-citizens-arrest-overhaul-clears-first-hurdle%2FSJGOCKTI6NHATAPRUTXPDL6FFM%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2021" class="citation news cs1">Johnson, Marty (May 10, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/552737-kemp-signs-bill-repealing-citizens-arrest-law-after-ahmaud-arbery">"Kemp signs bill repealing citizen's arrest law after Ahmaud Arbery shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510222050/https://thehill.com/homenews/state-watch/552737-kemp-signs-bill-repealing-citizens-arrest-law-after-ahmaud-arbery">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved May 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=Kemp+signs+bill+repealing+citizen%27s+arrest+law+after+Ahmaud+Arbery+shooting&rft.date=2021-05-10&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Marty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fhomenews%2Fstate-watch%2F552737-kemp-signs-bill-repealing-citizens-arrest-law-after-ahmaud-arbery&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMzezewa2021" class="citation news cs1">Mzezewa, Tariro (November 22, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/22/us/citizens-arrest-arbery-murder-trial.html">"The Arbery murder defendants say they were attempting to make a citizen's arrest. Is that legal?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126072608/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/22/us/citizens-arrest-arbery-murder-trial.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 27, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Arbery+murder+defendants+say+they+were+attempting+to+make+a+citizen%27s+arrest.+Is+that+legal%3F&rft.date=2021-11-22&rft.aulast=Mzezewa&rft.aufirst=Tariro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2021%2F11%2F22%2Fus%2Fcitizens-arrest-arbery-murder-trial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfonseca2022" class="citation news cs1">Alfonseca, Kiara (February 23, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/US/ahmaud-arbery-day-officially-recognized-2nd-anniversary-death/story?id=83062118">"Ahmaud Arbery Day officially recognized on 2nd anniversary of his death"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220228070934/https://abcnews.go.com/US/ahmaud-arbery-day-officially-recognized-2nd-anniversary-death/story?id=83062118">Archived</a> from the original on February 28, 2022. Retrieved February 27, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+Day+officially+recognized+on+2nd+anniversary+of+his+death&rft.date=2022-02-23&rft.aulast=Alfonseca&rft.aufirst=Kiara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FUS%2Fahmaud-arbery-day-officially-recognized-2nd-anniversary-death%2Fstory%3Fid%3D83062118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/aug/09/ahmaud-arbery-street-signs-georgia">"Ahmaud Arbery's home town unveils street signs honoring his memory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. August 9, 2022. Retrieved August 11, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+home+town+unveils+street+signs+honoring+his+memory&rft.date=2022-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2022%2Faug%2F09%2Fahmaud-arbery-street-signs-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia-gregory-mcmichael/">"Mom of black Georgia man says he was chased and shot to death while jogging: "An arrest should have been made""</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_News" title="CBS News">CBS News</a>. May 1, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200504081821/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia-gregory-mcmichael/">Archived</a> from the original on May 4, 2020. Retrieved May 6, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mom+of+black+Georgia+man+says+he+was+chased+and+shot+to+death+while+jogging%3A+%22An+arrest+should+have+been+made%22&rft.date=2020-05-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fahmaud-arbery-brunswick-georgia-gregory-mcmichael%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuardianLynching-260"><a href="#cite_ref-GuardianLynching_260-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/07/ahmaud-arbery-parents-call-for-arrests-killing-song-daily-jog">"Ahmaud Arbery's parents call for arrests after 'modern lynching in the middle of the day'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. May 7, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510091638/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/07/ahmaud-arbery-parents-call-for-arrests-killing-song-daily-jog">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved May 10, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+parents+call+for+arrests+after+%27modern+lynching+in+the+middle+of+the+day%27&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2020%2Fmay%2F07%2Fahmaud-arbery-parents-call-for-arrests-killing-song-daily-jog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJonesThomas2020" class="citation news cs1">Jones, Tom; Thomas, Tony (May 19, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/ahmaud-arbery-case-new-videos-show-arbery-during-2017-traffic-stop-shoplifting-arrest/NSFCTATZFVCADOGUGHR6BOGTW4/">"Ahmaud Arbery family attorney says new videos show pattern of mistreatment for color of his skin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>: <a href="/wiki/WSB-TV" title="WSB-TV">WSB-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081503/https://www.wsbtv.com/news/local/ahmaud-arbery-case-new-videos-show-arbery-during-2017-traffic-stop-shoplifting-arrest/NSFCTATZFVCADOGUGHR6BOGTW4/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+family+attorney+says+new+videos+show+pattern+of+mistreatment+for+color+of+his+skin&rft.date=2020-05-19&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft.au=Thomas%2C+Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsbtv.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fahmaud-arbery-case-new-videos-show-arbery-during-2017-traffic-stop-shoplifting-arrest%2FNSFCTATZFVCADOGUGHR6BOGTW4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCuomo2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Cuomo" title="Chris Cuomo">Cuomo, Chris</a> (May 11, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/CPT/date/2020-05-11/segment/01">"Transcripts"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cuomo_Prime_Time" title="Cuomo Prime Time">Cuomo Prime Time</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081405/http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/2005/11/CPT.01.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cuomo+Prime+Time&rft.atitle=Transcripts&rft.date=2020-05-11&rft.aulast=Cuomo&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftranscripts.cnn.com%2Fshow%2FCPT%2Fdate%2F2020-05-11%2Fsegment%2F01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHauck2020" class="citation news cs1">Hauck, Grace (May 9, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/09/ahmaud-arbery-video-shooting-roddie-bryan-witness-lawyer/3102505001/">"Man who recorded Ahmaud Arbery's shooting on video was just a witness, his lawyer says"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081405/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2020/05/09/ahmaud-arbery-video-shooting-roddie-bryan-witness-lawyer/3102505001/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Man+who+recorded+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+shooting+on+video+was+just+a+witness%2C+his+lawyer+says&rft.date=2020-05-09&rft.aulast=Hauck&rft.aufirst=Grace&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2020%2F05%2F09%2Fahmaud-arbery-video-shooting-roddie-bryan-witness-lawyer%2F3102505001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-264"><a href="#cite_ref-264">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaussetRojas2020" class="citation news cs1">Fausset, Richard; Rojas, Rick (May 18, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/18/us/ahmaud-arbery-william-bryan.html">"Man Who Filmed the Arbery Killing Faces Calls for Arrest"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081406/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/18/us/ahmaud-arbery-william-bryan.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Man+Who+Filmed+the+Arbery+Killing+Faces+Calls+for+Arrest&rft.date=2020-05-18&rft.aulast=Fausset&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Rojas%2C+Rick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F18%2Fus%2Fahmaud-arbery-william-bryan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biden-265">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biden_265-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biden_265-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52557609">"Ahmaud Arbery: Biden demands justice for Georgia killing of black jogger"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. May 6, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200506153340/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-52557609">Archived</a> from the original on May 6, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery%3A+Biden+demands+justice+for+Georgia+killing+of+black+jogger&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-us-canada-52557609&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOprysko2020" class="citation news cs1">Oprysko, Caitlin (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/07/ahmaud-arbery-investigation-loeffler-collins-243085">"Georgia GOP Senate candidates push for probe into killing of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508022849/https://www.politico.com/news/2020/05/07/ahmaud-arbery-investigation-loeffler-collins-243085">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Georgia+GOP+Senate+candidates+push+for+probe+into+killing+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Oprysko&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F05%2F07%2Fahmaud-arbery-investigation-loeffler-collins-243085&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bet.com/article/m7xb3p/president-donald-trump-reacts-to-ahmaud-arbery-death">"President Donald Trump Reacts to Shooting Death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BET" title="BET">BET News</a>. May 8, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200508053407/https://www.bet.com/news/national/2020/05/07/trump-s-response-to-arbery-shooting.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=President+Donald+Trump+Reacts+to+Shooting+Death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bet.com%2Farticle%2Fm7xb3p%2Fpresident-donald-trump-reacts-to-ahmaud-arbery-death&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdelman2020" class="citation news cs1">Edelman, Adam (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-slams-arbery-shooting-grave-injustice-demands-investigation-n1202291">"Biden slams Arbery shooting as 'grave injustice', demands investigation"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200509114228/https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2020-election/biden-slams-arbery-shooting-grave-injustice-demands-investigation-n1202291">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Biden+slams+Arbery+shooting+as+%27grave+injustice%27%2C+demands+investigation&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Edelman&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpolitics%2F2020-election%2Fbiden-slams-arbery-shooting-grave-injustice-demands-investigation-n1202291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAguilar2020" class="citation news cs1">Aguilar, Amanda (May 14, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtoc.com/2020/05/14/artist-painting-mural-ahmaud-arbery-brunswick/">"Artist painting mural of Ahmaud Arbery in Brunswick"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081406/https://www.wtoc.com/2020/05/14/artist-painting-mural-ahmaud-arbery-brunswick/">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Artist+painting+mural+of+Ahmaud+Arbery+in+Brunswick&rft.date=2020-05-14&rft.aulast=Aguilar&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtoc.com%2F2020%2F05%2F14%2Fartist-painting-mural-ahmaud-arbery-brunswick%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2020" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Taylor (July 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/brunswick-mural-calls-for-end-to-citizens-arrest-law/article_1bfb2d31-7e3c-5678-838a-c4173b0d4da7.html">"Brunswick mural calls for end to citizens arrest law"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081406/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/brunswick-mural-calls-for-end-to-citizens-arrest-law/article_1bfb2d31-7e3c-5678-838a-c4173b0d4da7.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=Brunswick+mural+calls+for+end+to+citizens+arrest+law&rft.date=2020-07-08&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fbrunswick-mural-calls-for-end-to-citizens-arrest-law%2Farticle_1bfb2d31-7e3c-5678-838a-c4173b0d4da7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-271"><a href="#cite_ref-271">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGough2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lyndsey_Gough" title="Lyndsey Gough">Gough, Lyndsey</a> (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wtoc.com/2020/05/06/protest-held-demand-arrests-death-ahmaud-arbery/">"Protest held to demand arrests for the death of Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/WTOC-TV" title="WTOC-TV">WTOC-TV</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508032719/https://www.wtoc.com/2020/05/06/protest-held-demand-arrests-death-ahmaud-arbery/">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WTOC-TV&rft.atitle=Protest+held+to+demand+arrests+for+the+death+of+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Gough&rft.aufirst=Lyndsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wtoc.com%2F2020%2F05%2F06%2Fprotest-held-demand-arrests-death-ahmaud-arbery%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/georgia-us-news-ms-state-wire-brunswick-race-and-ethnicity-08b165c5bc0e077d68223171b176402d">"Civil rights group demands federal probe of Georgia killing"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. April 30, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211130200125/https://apnews.com/article/georgia-us-news-ms-state-wire-brunswick-race-and-ethnicity-08b165c5bc0e077d68223171b176402d">Archived</a> from the original on November 30, 2021. Retrieved November 30, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Civil+rights+group+demands+federal+probe+of+Georgia+killing&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgeorgia-us-news-ms-state-wire-brunswick-race-and-ethnicity-08b165c5bc0e077d68223171b176402d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SPLCFederal-273"><a href="#cite_ref-SPLCFederal_273-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHobbs2020" class="citation news cs1">Hobbs, Larry (May 2, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/splc-calls-for-federal-oversight-in-arbery-shooting/article_ec4f8da6-1264-5e5c-a8d5-6a85dd8bea7f.html">"SPLC calls for federal oversight in Arbery shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Brunswick_News" title="The Brunswick News">The Brunswick News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508005046/https://thebrunswicknews.com/news/local_news/splc-calls-for-federal-oversight-in-arbery-shooting/article_ec4f8da6-1264-5e5c-a8d5-6a85dd8bea7f.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Brunswick+News&rft.atitle=SPLC+calls+for+federal+oversight+in+Arbery+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-02&rft.aulast=Hobbs&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthebrunswicknews.com%2Fnews%2Flocal_news%2Fsplc-calls-for-federal-oversight-in-arbery-shooting%2Farticle_ec4f8da6-1264-5e5c-a8d5-6a85dd8bea7f.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FrenchDispatch-274"><a href="#cite_ref-FrenchDispatch_274-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrench2020" class="citation news cs1">French, David A. (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thedispatch.com/p/a-vigilante-killing-in-georgia">"A Vigilante Killing in Georgia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210210081459/https://thedispatch.com/p/a-vigilante-killing-in-georgia">Archived</a> from the original on February 10, 2021. Retrieved May 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Dispatch&rft.atitle=A+Vigilante+Killing+in+Georgia&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=French&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthedispatch.com%2Fp%2Fa-vigilante-killing-in-georgia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFortin2020" class="citation news cs1">Fortin, Jacey (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/us/run-with-maud-ahmaud-arbery.html">"On Ahmaud Arbery's Birthday, Thousands Say #IRunWithMaud"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200510134315/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/08/us/run-with-maud-ahmaud-arbery.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2020. Retrieved December 1, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+Ahmaud+Arbery%27s+Birthday%2C+Thousands+Say+%23IRunWithMaud&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Fortin&rft.aufirst=Jacey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F05%2F08%2Fus%2Frun-with-maud-ahmaud-arbery.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaydos2020" class="citation news cs1">Gaydos, Ryan (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/sports/lebron-james-ahmaud-arbery-shooting-death">"LeBron James, other athletes speak out on Ahmaud Arbery shooting"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200508054335/https://www.foxnews.com/sports/lebron-james-ahmaud-arbery-shooting-death">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020. <q>We're literally hunted EVERYDAY/EVERYTIME we step foot outside the comfort of our homes! Can't even go for a damn jog man! Like WTF man are you kidding me?!?!?!?!?!? No man <abbr title="fr">for real</abbr> ARE YOU KIDDING ME!!!!! I'm sorry Ahmaud(Rest In Paradise) and my prayers and blessings sent to the heavens above to your family!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=LeBron+James%2C+other+athletes+speak+out+on+Ahmaud+Arbery+shooting&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Gaydos&rft.aufirst=Ryan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fsports%2Flebron-james-ahmaud-arbery-shooting-death&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAviles2020" class="citation news cs1">Aviles, Gwen (May 7, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/celebrities-express-outrage-over-shooting-death-black-jogger-georgia-n1202016">"Celebrities speak out on shooting death of black jogger in Georgia"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507203945/https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/pop-culture-news/celebrities-express-outrage-over-shooting-death-black-jogger-georgia-n1202016">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Celebrities+speak+out+on+shooting+death+of+black+jogger+in+Georgia&rft.date=2020-05-07&rft.aulast=Aviles&rft.aufirst=Gwen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fpop-culture%2Fpop-culture-news%2Fcelebrities-express-outrage-over-shooting-death-black-jogger-georgia-n1202016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMekhennet2020" class="citation news cs1">Mekhennet, Souad (May 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/far-right-groups-are-spreading-racist-false-claims-about-shooting-victim-ahmaud-arbery-analysts-say/2020/05/17/31cde428-962b-11ea-82b4-c8db161ff6e5_story.html">"Far-right groups are spreading racist, false claims about shooting victim Ahmaud Arbery, analysts say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20200518115050/https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/far-right-groups-are-spreading-racist-false-claims-about-shooting-victim-ahmaud-arbery-analysts-say/2020/05/17/31cde428-962b-11ea-82b4-c8db161ff6e5_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Far-right+groups+are+spreading+racist%2C+false+claims+about+shooting+victim+Ahmaud+Arbery%2C+analysts+say&rft.date=2020-05-17&rft.aulast=Mekhennet&rft.aufirst=Souad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2Ffar-right-groups-are-spreading-racist-false-claims-about-shooting-victim-ahmaud-arbery-analysts-say%2F2020%2F05%2F17%2F31cde428-962b-11ea-82b4-c8db161ff6e5_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLavin2020" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tal_Lavin" class="mw-redirect" title="Tal Lavin">Lavin, Tal</a> (2020). <a href="/wiki/Culture_Warlords" title="Culture Warlords">Culture Warlords: My Journey into the Dark Web of White Supremacy</a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Hachette_Books" title="Hachette Books">Hachette Books</a>. pp. 50–51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-306-84643-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-306-84643-4"><bdi>978-0-306-84643-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+Warlords%3A+My+Journey+into+the+Dark+Web+of+White+Supremacy&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Hachette+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0-306-84643-4&rft.aulast=Lavin&rft.aufirst=Tal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Luscombe-280">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Luscombe_280-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luscombe_280-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luscombe_280-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luscombe_280-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Luscombe_280-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLuscombe2021" class="citation news cs1">Luscombe, Richard (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/24/ahmaud-arbery-murder-georgia-reaction">"'A long fight': relief across the US as men convicted of murdering Ahmaud Arbery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125183928/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2021/nov/24/ahmaud-arbery-murder-georgia-reaction">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27A+long+fight%27%3A+relief+across+the+US+as+men+convicted+of+murdering+Ahmaud+Arbery&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Luscombe&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2021%2Fnov%2F24%2Fahmaud-arbery-murder-georgia-reaction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schnell-281">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_281-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_281-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_281-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_281-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_281-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_281-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schnell_281-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchnell2021" class="citation news cs1">Schnell, Lindsay (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/24/ahmaud-arbery-verdict-reactions-georgia-murder-trial/8751892002/">"Ahmaud Arbery verdict represents 'progress' toward 'true justice,' civil rights leaders say"</a>. <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211125194309/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2021/11/24/ahmaud-arbery-verdict-reactions-georgia-murder-trial/8751892002/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Ahmaud+Arbery+verdict+represents+%27progress%27+toward+%27true+justice%2C%27+civil+rights+leaders+say&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Schnell&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2021%2F11%2F24%2Fahmaud-arbery-verdict-reactions-georgia-murder-trial%2F8751892002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Reuters-Reactions-282">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters-Reactions_282-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters-Reactions_282-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters-Reactions_282-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters-Reactions_282-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Reuters-Reactions_282-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLayneCaspaniBorter2021" class="citation news cs1">Layne, Nathan; Caspani, Maria; Borter, Gabriella (November 24, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/us/a-vitally-important-step-reactions-guilty-verdict-arbery-trial-2021-11-24/">"Factbox: 'Small measure of peace': Reactions to guilty verdict in Arbery trial"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211126055954/https://www.reuters.com/world/us/a-vitally-important-step-reactions-guilty-verdict-arbery-trial-2021-11-24/">Archived</a> from the original on November 26, 2021. Retrieved November 24, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+%27Small+measure+of+peace%27%3A+Reactions+to+guilty+verdict+in+Arbery+trial&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Layne&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft.au=Caspani%2C+Maria&rft.au=Borter%2C+Gabriella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fa-vitally-important-step-reactions-guilty-verdict-arbery-trial-2021-11-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlcindorChoe2020" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Yamiche_Alcindor" title="Yamiche Alcindor">Alcindor, Yamiche</a>; Choe, Jaywon (May 6, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/apparent-video-of-black-mans-shooting-death-sparks-national-outrage">"Video appearing to show killing of black jogger Ahmaud Arbery sparks outrage"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PBS_NewsHour" class="mw-redirect" title="PBS NewsHour">PBS NewsHour</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200507203945/https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/apparent-video-of-black-mans-shooting-death-sparks-national-outrage">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2020. Retrieved May 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PBS+NewsHour&rft.atitle=Video+appearing+to+show+killing+of+black+jogger+Ahmaud+Arbery+sparks+outrage&rft.date=2020-05-06&rft.aulast=Alcindor&rft.aufirst=Yamiche&rft.au=Choe%2C+Jaywon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fnewshour%2Fshow%2Fapparent-video-of-black-mans-shooting-death-sparks-national-outrage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"> – includes anonymous video of incident</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/6916-george-barnhill-letter-to-glyn/b52fa09cdc974b970b79/optimized/full.pdf">"Letter by George E. Barnhill (District Attorney) to Captain Tom Jump (Glynn County Police Department)"</a> (PDF). Office of the District Attorney, Waycross Judicial District – via <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Letter+by+George+E.+Barnhill+%28District+Attorney%29+to+Captain+Tom+Jump+%28Glynn+County+Police+Department%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fint.nyt.com%2Fdata%2Fdocumenthelper%2F6916-george-barnhill-letter-to-glyn%2Fb52fa09cdc974b970b79%2Foptimized%2Ffull.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMurder+of+Ahmaud+Arbery" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Black_Lives_Matter" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Template talk:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Black Lives Matter"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Black_Lives_Matter" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Melina_Abdullah" title="Melina Abdullah">Melina Abdullah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tay_Anderson" title="Tay Anderson">Tay Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat_Brooks" title="Cat Brooks">Cat Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cori_Bush" title="Cori Bush">Cori Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gwen_Carr" title="Gwen Carr">Gwen Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Crump" title="Benjamin Crump">Benjamin Crump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrisse_Cullors" title="Patrisse Cullors">Patrisse Cullors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aalayah_Eastmond" title="Aalayah Eastmond">Aalayah Eastmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnetta_Elzie" title="Johnetta Elzie">Johnetta Elzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruce_Franks_Jr." title="Bruce Franks Jr.">Bruce Franks Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erica_Garner" title="Erica Garner">Erica Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alicia_Garza" title="Alicia Garza">Alicia Garza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elle_Hearns" class="mw-redirect" title="Elle Hearns">Elle Hearns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandy_Hudson" title="Sandy Hudson">Sandy Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blair_Imani" title="Blair Imani">Blair Imani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Aleta_Jackson" title="Natalie Aleta Jackson">Natalie Aleta Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marissa_Johnson" title="Marissa Johnson">Marissa Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sasha_Johnson" title="Sasha Johnson">Sasha Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jari_Jones" title="Jari Jones">Jari Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tishaura_Jones" title="Tishaura Jones">Tishaura Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariame_Kaba" title="Mariame Kaba">Mariame Kaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Kaepernick" title="Colin Kaepernick">Colin Kaepernick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Kamai" title="Brittany Kamai">Brittany Kamai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janaya_Khan" title="Janaya Khan">Janaya Khan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_King" title="Shaun King">Shaun King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekima_Levy_Armstrong" title="Nekima Levy Armstrong">Nekima Levy Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eva_Lewis" title="Eva Lewis">Eva Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamika_Mallory" title="Tamika Mallory">Tamika Mallory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McHarris" title="Philip McHarris">Philip McHarris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeRay_Mckesson" title="DeRay Mckesson">DeRay Mckesson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhiyidin_Moye" title="Muhiyidin Moye">Muhiyidin Moye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bree_Newsome" title="Bree Newsome">Bree Newsome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikkita_Oliver" title="Nikkita Oliver">Nikkita Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijeoma_Oluo" title="Ijeoma Oluo">Ijeoma Oluo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brittany_Packnett_Cunningham" title="Brittany Packnett Cunningham">Brittany Packnett Cunningham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Puryear" title="Eugene Puryear">Eugene Puryear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teressa_Raiford" title="Teressa Raiford">Teressa Raiford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jen_Reid" title="Jen Reid">Jen Reid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linda_Sarsour" title="Linda Sarsour">Linda Sarsour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Sinyangwe" title="Samuel Sinyangwe">Samuel Sinyangwe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Stevens" title="Nova Stevens">Nova Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeanga-Yamahtta_Taylor" title="Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor">Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Thompson_(Minnesota_politician)" title="John Thompson (Minnesota politician)">John Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay%E1%BB%8D_Tometi" title="Ayọ Tometi">Ayọ Tometi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Assa Traoré">Assa Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrus_Marcus_Ware" title="Syrus Marcus Ware">Syrus Marcus Ware</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_unrest" title="Ferguson unrest">Ferguson unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Baltimore_protests" title="2015 Baltimore protests">2015 Baltimore protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%932016_University_of_Missouri_protests" title="2015–2016 University of Missouri protests">2015–2016 University of Missouri protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_Robert_Rialmo" title="Dismissal of Robert Rialmo">Dismissal of Robert Rialmo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_Donald_Trump_Chicago_rally_protest" title="2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest">2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_St._Louis_protests" title="2017 St. Louis protests">2017 St. Louis protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">George Floyd protests</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">name changes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">removal of monuments and memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">reactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial of Derek Chauvin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">violence and controversies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Birders_Week" title="Black Birders Week">Black Birders Week</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Academic strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">General strike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Athlete strikes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Minneapolis_false_rumors_riot" title="2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot">2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orisha_Land" title="Orisha Land">Orisha Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daunte_Wright_protests" title="Daunte Wright protests">Daunte Wright protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Uptown_Minneapolis_unrest" title="2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest">2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deona_Marie_Knajdek" title="Killing of Deona Marie Knajdek">vehicle-ramming attack</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyre_Nichols_protests" title="Tyre Nichols protests">Tyre Nichols protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_protests_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter protests in New York City">Protests in New York City</a></li> <li>List of George Floyd protests <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">outside the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Daunte_Wright_protests" title="List of Daunte Wright protests">List of Daunte Wright protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_unarmed_African_Americans_killed_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States" title="List of unarmed African Americans killed by law enforcement officers in the United States">Deaths protested</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2009–2011</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Oscar_Grant" title="Killing of Oscar Grant">Oscar Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Aiyana_Jones" title="Killing of Aiyana Jones">Aiyana Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mark_Duggan" title="Killing of Mark Duggan">Mark Duggan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Kenneth_Chamberlain_Sr." title="Killing of Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.">Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Lamar_Smith" title="Killing of Anthony Lamar Smith">Anthony Lamar Smith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2012–2013</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ramarley_Graham" title="Killing of Ramarley Graham">Ramarley Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">Trayvon Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rekia_Boyd" title="Killing of Rekia Boyd">Rekia Boyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Davis" title="Murder of Jordan Davis">Jordan Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Timothy_Russell_and_Malissa_Williams" title="Killing of Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams">Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West" title="Death of Tyrone West">Tyrone West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Larry_Jackson_Jr." title="Killing of Larry Jackson Jr.">Larry Jackson Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jonathan_Ferrell" title="Killing of Jonathan Ferrell">Jonathan Ferrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Miriam_Carey" title="Killing of Miriam Carey">Miriam Carey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Renisha_McBride" title="Murder of Renisha McBride">Renisha McBride</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2014</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dontre_Hamilton" title="Killing of Dontre Hamilton">Dontre Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Garner" title="Killing of Eric Garner">Eric Garner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_John_Crawford_III" title="Killing of John Crawford III">John Crawford III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Michael_Brown" title="Killing of Michael Brown">Michael Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ezell_Ford" title="Killing of Ezell Ford">Ezell Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Laquan_McDonald" title="Murder of Laquan McDonald">Laquan McDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Akai_Gurley" title="Killing of Akai Gurley">Akai Gurley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tamir_Rice" title="Killing of Tamir Rice">Tamir Rice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antonio_Martin" title="Killing of Antonio Martin">Antonio Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jerame_Reid" title="Killing of Jerame Reid">Jerame Reid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2015</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Natasha_McKenna" title="Death of Natasha McKenna">Natasha McKenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Charley_Leundeu_Keunang" title="Killing of Charley Leundeu Keunang">Charley Leundeu Keunang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_Robinson" title="Killing of Tony Robinson">Tony Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Hill" title="Killing of Anthony Hill">Anthony Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Meagan_Hockaday" title="Killing of Meagan Hockaday">Meagan Hockaday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Eric_Harris" title="Killing of Eric Harris">Eric Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Scott" title="Killing of Walter Scott">Walter Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Freddie_Gray" title="Killing of Freddie Gray">Freddie Gray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_William_Chapman" title="Killing of William Chapman">William Chapman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Jonathan_Sanders" title="Death of Jonathan Sanders">Jonathan Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Sandra_Bland" title="Death of Sandra Bland">Sandra Bland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Samuel_DuBose" title="Killing of Samuel DuBose">Samuel DuBose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Mansur_Ball-Bey" title="Killing of Mansur Ball-Bey">Mansur Ball-Bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jeremy_McDole" title="Killing of Jeremy McDole">Jeremy McDole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Corey_Jones" title="Killing of Corey Jones">Corey Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamar_Clark" title="Killing of Jamar Clark">Jamar Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Woods" class="mw-redirect" title="Mario Woods">Mario Woods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2016</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Greg_Gunn" title="Killing of Greg Gunn">Greg Gunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alton_Sterling" title="Killing of Alton Sterling">Alton Sterling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Philando_Castile" title="Killing of Philando Castile">Philando Castile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Joseph_Mann" title="Killing of Joseph Mann">Joseph Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Adama_Traor%C3%A9" title="Death of Adama Traoré">Adama Traoré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abdirahman_Abdi" title="Death of Abdirahman Abdi">Abdirahman Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Paul_O%27Neal" title="Killing of Paul O'Neal">Paul O'Neal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Korryn_Gaines" title="Killing of Korryn Gaines">Korryn Gaines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jamarion_Robinson" title="Killing of Jamarion Robinson">Jamarion Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylville_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Sylville Smith">Sylville Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Elijah_Doughty" title="Death of Elijah Doughty">Elijah Doughty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Terence_Crutcher" title="Killing of Terence Crutcher">Terence Crutcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Keith_Lamont_Scott" title="Killing of Keith Lamont Scott">Keith Lamont Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alfred_Olango" title="Killing of Alfred Olango">Alfred Olango</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Deborah_Danner" title="Killing of Deborah Danner">Deborah Danner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2017</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jocques_Clemmons" title="Killing of Jocques Clemmons">Jocques Clemmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jordan_Edwards" title="Murder of Jordan Edwards">Jordan Edwards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Edson_Da_Costa" title="Death of Edson Da Costa">Edson Da Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Rashan_Charles" title="Death of Rashan Charles">Rashan Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Harmon" title="Killing of Patrick Harmon">Patrick Harmon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2018</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Anthony_Weber" title="Killing of Anthony Weber">Anthony Weber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Stephon_Clark" title="Killing of Stephon Clark">Stephon Clark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcus-David_Peters" title="Killing of Marcus-David Peters">Marcus-David Peters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Antwon_Rose_Jr." title="Killing of Antwon Rose Jr.">Antwon Rose Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Markeis_McGlockton" title="Killing of Markeis McGlockton">Markeis McGlockton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Hambrick" title="Killing of Daniel Hambrick">Daniel Hambrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Botham_Jean" title="Murder of Botham Jean">Botham Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Tamla_Horsford" title="Death of Tamla Horsford">Tamla Horsford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jemel_Roberson" title="Killing of Jemel Roberson">Jemel Roberson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Emantic_Fitzgerald_Bradford_Jr." title="Killing of Emantic Fitzgerald Bradford Jr.">EJ Bradford Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2019</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_George_Robinson" title="Killing of George Robinson">George Robinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Willie_McCoy" title="Killing of Willie McCoy">Willie McCoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Danquirs_Franklin" title="Killing of Danquirs Franklin">Danquirs Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Javier_Ambler" title="Killing of Javier Ambler">Javier Ambler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lassana_Cisse" title="Murder of Lassana Cisse">Lassana Cisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ronald_Greene" title="Killing of Ronald Greene">Ronald Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Pamela_Turner" title="Killing of Pamela Turner">Pamela Turner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Layleen_Polanco" title="Death of Layleen Polanco">Layleen Polanco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shukri_Abdi" title="Death of Shukri Abdi">Shukri Abdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Christopher_Kapessa" title="Death of Christopher Kapessa">Christopher Kapessa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Elijah_McClain" title="Killing of Elijah McClain">Elijah McClain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Atatiana_Jefferson" title="Killing of Atatiana Jefferson">Atatiana Jefferson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2020</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Manuel_Ellis" title="Killing of Manuel Ellis">Manuel Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dion_Johnson" title="Killing of Dion Johnson">Dion Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tony_McDade" title="Killing of Tony McDade">Tony McDade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Regis_Korchinski-Paquet" title="Death of Regis Korchinski-Paquet">Regis Korchinski-Paquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Oluwatoyin_Salau_and_Victoria_Sims" title="Murders of Oluwatoyin Salau and Victoria Sims">Oluwatoyin Salau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Carlos_Carson" title="Killing of Carlos Carson">Carlos Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Julian_Lewis" title="Killing of Julian Lewis">Julian Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Chaniece_Wallace" title="Death of Chaniece Wallace">Chaniece Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Andre_Hill" title="Murder of Andre Hill">Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dolal_Idd" title="Killing of Dolal Idd">Dolal Idd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2021</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Marvin_Scott" title="Death of Marvin Scott">Marvin Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Adam_Toledo" title="Killing of Adam Toledo">Adam Toledo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daunte_Wright" title="Killing of Daunte Wright">Daunte Wright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Lindani_Myeni" title="Killing of Lindani Myeni">Lindani Myeni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ma%27Khia_Bryant" title="Killing of Ma'Khia Bryant">Ma'Khia Bryant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andrew_Brown_Jr." title="Killing of Andrew Brown Jr.">Andrew Brown Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leneal_Frazier" title="Killing of Leneal Frazier">Leneal Frazier</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2022</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Amir_Locke" title="Killing of Amir Locke">Amir Locke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Patrick_Lyoya" title="Killing of Patrick Lyoya">Patrick Lyoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jayland_Walker" title="Killing of Jayland Walker">Jayland Walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Donovan_Lewis" title="Killing of Donovan Lewis">Donovan Lewis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2023</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Keenan_Anderson" title="Death of Keenan Anderson">Keenan Anderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Tyre_Nichols" title="Killing of Tyre Nichols">Tyre Nichols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Irvo_Otieno" title="Killing of Irvo Otieno">Irvo Otieno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Jordan_Neely" title="Killing of Jordan Neely">Jordan Neely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ricky_Cobb_II" title="Killing of Ricky Cobb II">Ricky Cobb II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Johnny_Hollman" title="Killing of Johnny Hollman">Johnny Hollman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ta%27Kiya_Young" title="Killing of Ta'Kiya Young">Ta'Kiya Young</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Leonard_Cure" title="Killing of Leonard Cure">Leonard Cure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">2024</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dexter_Reed" title="Killing of Dexter Reed">Dexter Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Roger_Fortson" title="Killing of Roger Fortson">Roger Fortson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Sonya_Massey" title="Killing of Sonya Massey">Sonya Massey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Other cases protested</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kalief_Browder" title="Kalief Browder">Kalief Browder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Texas_pool_party_incident" title="2015 Texas pool party incident">2015 Texas pool party incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Charles_Kinsey" title="Shooting of Charles Kinsey">Shooting of Charles Kinsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Ralph_Yarl" title="Shooting of Ralph Yarl">Shooting of Ralph Yarl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankin_County_torture_incident" title="Rankin County torture incident">Rankin County torture incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_movement_in_popular_culture" title="Black Lives Matter movement in popular culture">In popular culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art" title="Black Lives Matter art">Art</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_New_York_City" title="Black Lives Matter art in New York City">New York City</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_George_Floyd" title="Bust of George Floyd">Bust of George Floyd</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_art_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="Black Lives Matter art in Portland, Oregon">Portland, Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="George Floyd mural (Portland, Oregon)">George Floyd mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Stand_with_You" title="We Stand with You">We Stand with You</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Say_Their_Names" title="Say Their Names">Say Their Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_George_Floyd" title="Statue of George Floyd">Statue of George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Street_murals" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Street murals</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Cincinnati)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Cincinnati)">Cincinnati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Indianapolis)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Indianapolis)">Indianapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Portland,_Oregon)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Portland, Oregon)">Portland, Oregon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Salt_Lake_City)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Salt Lake City)">Salt Lake City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Santa_Cruz,_California)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Santa Cruz, California)">Santa Cruz, California</a></li> <li>Seattle <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Capitol_Hill,_Seattle)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Capitol Hill, Seattle)">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Seattle_City_Hall)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Seattle City Hall)">City Hall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_street_mural_(Springfield,_Massachusetts)" title="Black Lives Matter street mural (Springfield, Massachusetts)">Springfield, Massachusetts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_American_Boys" title="All American Boys">All American Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Software" title="Black Software">Black Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(young_adult_novel)" title="Blackout (young adult novel)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit(ish)" title="Brit(ish)">Brit(ish)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Martin" title="Dear Martin">Dear Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give" title="The Hate U Give">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe:_A_Killing_on_Bay_Street" title="I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street">I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Enduring_Life_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin">Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Film</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/16_Shots" title="16 Shots">16 Shots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_1/2_Minutes,_10_Bullets" title="3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets">3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Son_(2019_film)" title="American Son (2019 film)">American Son</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bars4Justice" title="Bars4Justice">Bars4Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruitvale_Station_(film)" title="Fruitvale Station (film)">Fruitvale Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generation_Revolution" title="Generation Revolution">Generation Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hate_U_Give_(film)" title="The Hate U Give (film)">The Hate U Give</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_Power:_The_Trayvon_Martin_Story" title="Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story">Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stay_Woke:_The_Black_Lives_Matter_Movement" title="Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement">Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stranger_Fruit_(film)" title="Stranger Fruit (film)">Stranger Fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Distant_Strangers" title="Two Distant Strangers">Two Distant Strangers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whose_Streets%3F" title="Whose Streets?">Whose Streets?</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Alright_(Kendrick_Lamar_song)" title="Alright (Kendrick Lamar song)">Alright</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Angel_Down_(song)" title="Angel Down (song)">Angel Down</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Bigger_Picture_(song)" title="The Bigger Picture (song)">The Bigger Picture</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Black_Parade_(song)" title="Black Parade (song)">Black Parade</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Put_It_in_the_Hands_of_Fate" title="Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate">Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Chains_(Usher_song)" title="Chains (Usher song)">Chains</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cop_vs._Phone_Girl" title="Cop vs. Phone Girl">Cop vs. Phone Girl</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_(The_Game_song)" title="Don't Shoot (The Game song)">Don't Shoot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Formation_(song)" title="Formation (song)">Formation</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Freedom_(Beyonc%C3%A9_song)" title="Freedom (Beyoncé song)">Freedom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hell_You_Talmbout" title="Hell You Talmbout">Hell You Talmbout</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Can%27t_Breathe_(H.E.R._song)" title="I Can't Breathe (H.E.R. song)">I Can't Breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lavender_(Nightfall_Remix)" title="Lavender (Nightfall Remix)">Lavender (Nightfall Remix)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Loyal_Like_Sid_%26_Nancy" title="Loyal Like Sid & Nancy">Loyal Like Sid & Nancy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Otherside_of_America" title="Otherside of America">Otherside of America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Riot_(XXXTentacion_song)" title="Riot (XXXTentacion song)">Riot</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rockstar_(DaBaby_song)" title="Rockstar (DaBaby song)">Rockstar (BLM Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Seven_Last_Words_of_the_Unarmed" title="The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed">The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snow_on_tha_Bluff_(song)" title="Snow on tha Bluff (song)">Snow on tha Bluff</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Is_America_(song)" title="This Is America (song)">This Is America</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_They%27ll_Say_About_Us" title="What They'll Say About Us">What They'll Say About Us</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/White_Privilege_II" title="White Privilege II">White Privilege II</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#eeeeee;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colin_in_Black_%26_White" title="Colin in Black & White">Colin in Black & White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holding_a_Black_Lives_Matter_Sign_in_America%27s_Most_Racist_Town" title="Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town">Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Lady_of_Ferguson" title="Our Lady of Ferguson">Our Lady of Ferguson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_a_Stand_in_Baton_Rouge" title="Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge">Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke_(TV_series)" title="Woke (TV series)">Woke (TV series)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Activist groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assata%27s_Daughters" title="Assata's Daughters">Assata's Daughters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Feminist_Future" title="Black Feminist Future">Black Feminist Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Global_Network_Foundation" title="Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation">Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Visions_Collective" title="Black Visions Collective">Black Visions Collective</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BlackinChem" title="BlackinChem">BlackinChem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BYP100" title="BYP100">BYP100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Shoot_Portland" title="Don't Shoot Portland">Don't Shoot Portland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Activists_United" title="Millennial Activists United">Millennial Activists United</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_Gynecology_Movement" title="Mothers of Gynecology Movement">Mothers of Gynecology Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mothers_of_the_Movement" title="Mothers of the Movement">Mothers of the Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Black_Lives" title="Movement for Black Lives">Movement for Black Lives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peoples_Power_Assemblies" title="Peoples Power Assemblies">Peoples Power Assemblies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SayHerName" title="SayHerName">#SayHerName</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_Cop_City" title="Stop Cop City">Stop Cop City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_Riders_NYC" title="Street Riders NYC">Street Riders NYC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_Initiative_Party" title="Taking the Initiative Party">Taking the Initiative Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Coats_for_Black_Lives" title="White Coats for Black Lives">White Coats for Black Lives</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAFE-T_Act" title="SAFE-T Act">Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Groups associated with opposition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Lives_Matter" title="All Lives Matter">All Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Guns_Matter" title="Black Guns Matter">Black Guns Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Lives_Matter" title="Blue Lives Matter">Blue Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia_and_Black_Lives_Matter" title="Russia and Black Lives Matter">Russian disinformation campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Citizens%27_Alarm" title="United Citizens' Alarm">United Citizens' Alarm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the 2020–2023 United States racial unrest">list of incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_maternal_mortality_in_the_United_States" title="Black maternal mortality in the United States">Black maternal mortality in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criminal_stereotype_of_African_Americans" title="Criminal stereotype of African Americans">Criminal stereotype of African Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_while_black" title="Driving while black">Driving while black</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Running_while_Black" title="Running while Black">Running while Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shopping_while_black" title="Shopping while black">shopping while black</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferguson_effect" title="Ferguson effect">Ferguson effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hands_up,_don%27t_shoot" title="Hands up, don't shoot">Hands up, don't shoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._national_anthem_kneeling_protests" title="U.S. national anthem kneeling protests">National anthem protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_against_Native_Americans#Native_Lives_Matter" title="Police brutality against Native Americans">Native Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_justice,_no_peace" title="No justice, no peace">No justice, no peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_perjury" title="Police perjury">police perjury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Militarization_of_police#21st_Century" title="Militarization of police">militarization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pain_compliance" title="Pain compliance">pain compliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">use of deadly force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">use of torture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_misconduct" title="Police misconduct">Police misconduct</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/False_arrest#United_States" title="False arrest">false arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_profiling_in_the_United_States" title="Racial profiling in the United States">racial profiling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_quota" title="Ticket quota">ticket quota</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_bias_in_criminal_news_in_the_United_States" title="Racial bias in criminal news in the United States">Racial bias in criminal news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rest_in_power" title="Rest in power">Rest in power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taking_the_knee" title="Taking the knee">Taking the knee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_stop" title="Terry stop">Terry stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_talk_(racism_in_the_United_States)" title="The talk (racism in the United States)">The talk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">Woke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Category:Black Lives Matter">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Protests_of_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" style="wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;background-color:#CEE0F2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:George_Floyd_protests" title="Template:George Floyd protests"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:George_Floyd_protests" title="Template talk:George Floyd protests"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:George_Floyd_protests" title="Special:EditPage/Template:George Floyd protests"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Protests_of_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests" title="George Floyd protests">Protests</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Murder of George Floyd">murder of George Floyd</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd" title="George Floyd">George Floyd</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Memorials_to_George_Floyd" title="Memorials to George Floyd">memorials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Chauvin" title="Derek Chauvin">Derek Chauvin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Trial of Derek Chauvin">trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_in_Minneapolis_regarding_the_trial_of_Derek_Chauvin" title="Protests in Minneapolis regarding the trial of Derek Chauvin">trial protests</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_George_Floyd_protests" title="Lists of George Floyd protests">Locations</a> <a href="/wiki/Template:George_Floyd_protests_map" title="Template:George Floyd protests map">(map)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Minneapolis– Saint Paul</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Aftermath of the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arson_damage_during_the_George_Floyd_protests_in_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul" title="Arson damage during the George Floyd protests in Minneapolis–Saint Paul">Arson damage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square_occupied_protest" title="George Floyd Square occupied protest">George Floyd Square occupied protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_Minneapolis_Question_2" title="2021 Minneapolis Question 2">2021 Minneapolis Question 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_Minneapolis%E2%80%93Saint_Paul_racial_unrest" title="2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest">2020–2023 local racial unrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Save_the_Boards" title="Save the Boards">Save the Boards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests in the United States">Elsewhere in the U.S.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Alabama" title="George Floyd protests in Alabama">Alabama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Alaska" title="George Floyd protests in Alaska">Alaska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Arizona" title="George Floyd protests in Arizona">Arizona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Arkansas" title="George Floyd protests in Arkansas">Arkansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_California" title="George Floyd protests in California">California</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="George Floyd protests in Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_San_Diego_County,_California" title="George Floyd protests in San Diego County, California">San Diego County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="George Floyd protests in the San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Colorado" title="George Floyd protests in Colorado">Colorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Connecticut" title="George Floyd protests in Connecticut">Connecticut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Delaware" title="George Floyd protests in Delaware">Delaware</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington,_D.C." title="George Floyd protests in Washington, D.C.">District of Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Florida" title="George Floyd protests in Florida">Florida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Georgia" title="George Floyd protests in Georgia">Georgia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Atlanta" title="George Floyd protests in Atlanta">Atlanta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Hawaii" title="George Floyd protests in Hawaii">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Idaho" title="George Floyd protests in Idaho">Idaho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Illinois" title="George Floyd protests in Illinois">Illinois</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Chicago" title="George Floyd protests in Chicago">Chicago</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Indiana" title="George Floyd protests in Indiana">Indiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Iowa" title="George Floyd protests in Iowa">Iowa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Kansas" title="George Floyd protests in Kansas">Kansas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Kentucky" title="George Floyd protests in Kentucky">Kentucky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Louisiana" title="George Floyd protests in Louisiana">Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Maine" title="George Floyd protests in Maine">Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Maryland" title="George Floyd protests in Maryland">Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Massachusetts" title="George Floyd protests in Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Michigan" title="George Floyd protests in Michigan">Michigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Minnesota" title="George Floyd protests in Minnesota">Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Mississippi" title="George Floyd protests in Mississippi">Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Missouri" title="George Floyd protests in Missouri">Missouri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Montana" title="George Floyd protests in Montana">Montana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nebraska" title="George Floyd protests in Nebraska">Nebraska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Nevada" title="George Floyd protests in Nevada">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Hampshire" title="George Floyd protests in New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Jersey" title="George Floyd protests in New Jersey">New Jersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Mexico" title="George Floyd protests in New Mexico">New Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_(state)" title="George Floyd protests in New York (state)">New York</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_York_City" title="George Floyd protests in New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_North_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in North Carolina">North Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_North_Dakota" title="George Floyd protests in North Dakota">North Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Ohio" title="George Floyd protests in Ohio">Ohio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Columbus,_Ohio" title="George Floyd protests in Columbus, Ohio">Columbus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Oklahoma" title="George Floyd protests in Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Oregon">Oregon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Portland,_Oregon" title="George Floyd protests in Portland, Oregon">Portland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Pennsylvania" title="George Floyd protests in Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Philadelphia" title="George Floyd protests in Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Puerto_Rico" title="George Floyd protests in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Rhode_Island" title="George Floyd protests in Rhode Island">Rhode Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Carolina" title="George Floyd protests in South Carolina">South Carolina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_South_Dakota" title="George Floyd protests in South Dakota">South Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Tennessee" title="George Floyd protests in Tennessee">Tennessee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Texas" title="George Floyd protests in Texas">Texas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Utah" title="George Floyd protests in Utah">Utah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Vermont" title="George Floyd protests in Vermont">Vermont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in Virginia">Virginia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Richmond,_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in Richmond, Virginia">Richmond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Washington_(state)" title="George Floyd protests in Washington (state)">Washington</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Seattle" title="George Floyd protests in Seattle">Seattle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_West_Virginia" title="George Floyd protests in West Virginia">West Virginia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Wisconsin" title="George Floyd protests in Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Wyoming" title="George Floyd protests in Wyoming">Wyoming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee"><a href="/wiki/List_of_George_Floyd_protests_outside_the_United_States" title="List of George Floyd protests outside the United States">Outside the U.S.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Australia" title="George Floyd protests in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Belgium" title="George Floyd protests in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Canada" title="George Floyd protests in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Germany" title="George Floyd protests in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_Italy" title="George Floyd protests in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_Netherlands" title="George Floyd protests in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_New_Zealand" title="George Floyd protests in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_protests_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="George Floyd protests in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_controversies_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Violence and controversies during the George Floyd protests">Violence and controversies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_violence_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police violence incidents during George Floyd protests">Police violence incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buffalo_police_shoving_incident" title="Buffalo police shoving incident">Buffalo police shoving incident</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vehicle-ramming_incidents_during_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of vehicle-ramming incidents during George Floyd protests">Vehicle-ramming incidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_gun-toting_incident" title="St. Louis gun-toting incident">St. Louis gun-toting incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Deaths</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_James_Scurlock" title="Killing of James Scurlock">James Scurlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_David_McAtee" title="Killing of David McAtee">David McAtee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_David_Dorn" title="Murder of David Dorn">David Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Sean_Monterrosa" title="Shooting of Sean Monterrosa">Sean Monterrosa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Garrett_Foster" title="Murder of Garrett Foster">Garrett Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killings_of_Aaron_Danielson_and_Michael_Reinoehl" title="Killings of Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl">Aaron Danielson and Michael Reinoehl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Arrests</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Omar_Jimenez" title="Omar Jimenez">Omar Jimenez</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Slogans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/8_minutes_46_seconds" title="8 minutes 46 seconds">8:46</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I_can%27t_breathe" title="I can't breathe">I can't breathe</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_the_looting_starts,_the_shooting_starts" title="When the looting starts, the shooting starts">When the looting starts, the shooting starts</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Defund_the_police" title="Defund the police">Defund the police</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Reactions (<a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_murder_of_George_Floyd" title="Reactions to the murder of George Floyd">to the murder</a> · <a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="Reactions to the George Floyd protests">to the protests</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_deployment_of_federal_forces_in_the_United_States" title="2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States">2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Legend" title="Operation Legend">Operation Legend</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_police_reforms_related_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests">Police reforms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #eeeeee">Social and cultural</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8_to_Abolition" title="8 to Abolition">8 to Abolition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8:46_(special)" title="8:46 (special)">8:46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actions_against_memorials_in_Great_Britain_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" class="mw-redirect" title="Actions against memorials in Great Britain during the George Floyd protests">Actions against memorials in Great Britain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commission_for_Diversity_in_the_Public_Realm" title="Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm">Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Square" title="George Floyd Square">George Floyd Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter_Plaza" title="Black Lives Matter Plaza">Black Lives Matter Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Black_Lives_Matter_street_murals" title="List of Black Lives Matter street murals">Black Lives Matter street murals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Tuesday" title="Blackout Tuesday">Blackout Tuesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill_Occupied_Protest" title="Capitol Hill Occupied Protest">Capitol Hill Occupied Protest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_changes_made_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of changes made due to the George Floyd protests">Changes made</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_during_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of monuments and memorials removed during the George Floyd protests">Monuments and memorials removed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_name_changes_due_to_the_George_Floyd_protests" title="List of name changes due to the George Floyd protests">Name changes</a></li></ul></li> <li>Labor action <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(coalition_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)">Strike for Black Lives (general)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_American_athlete_strikes" title="2020 American athlete strikes">Sports strikes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strike_for_Black_Lives_(academic_protest)" title="Strike for Black Lives (academic protest)">Strike for Black Lives (academic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Proposed legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BREATHE_Act" title="BREATHE Act">BREATHE Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ending_Qualified_Immunity_Act" title="Ending Qualified Immunity Act">Ending Qualified Immunity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Law_Enforcement_Trust_and_Integrity_Act" title="George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act">George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Floyd_Justice_in_Policing_Act" title="George Floyd Justice in Policing Act">George Floyd Justice in Policing Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#eeeeee;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932023_United_States_racial_unrest" class="mw-redirect" title="2020–2023 United States racial unrest">2020–2023 United States racial unrest</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Murder of Ahmaud Arbery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Breonna_Taylor" title="Killing of Breonna Taylor">Killing of Breonna Taylor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor_protests" title="Breonna Taylor protests">Breonna Taylor protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breonna_Taylor" title="Breonna Taylor">Breonna Taylor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Nina_Pop" title="Killing of Nina Pop">Killing of Nina Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Rayshard_Brooks" title="Killing of Rayshard Brooks">Killing of Rayshard Brooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Jacob_Blake" title="Shooting of Jacob Blake">Shooting of Jacob Blake</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest" title="Kenosha unrest">Kenosha unrest</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kenosha_unrest_shooting" title="Kenosha unrest shooting">shooting</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Dijon_Kizzee" title="Killing of Dijon Kizzee">Killing of Dijon Kizzee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Daniel_Prude" title="Killing of Daniel Prude">Killing of Daniel Prude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Alvin_Cole" title="Killing of Alvin Cole">Killing of Alvin Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Marcellis_Stinnette" title="Killing of Marcellis Stinnette">Killing of Marcellis Stinnette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Walter_Wallace" title="Killing of Walter Wallace">Killing of Walter Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Andre_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Killing of Andre Hill">Killing of Andre Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Winston_Boogie_Smith" title="Killing of Winston Boogie Smith">Killing of Winston Boogie Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_incidents_and_protests_of_the_United_States_racial_unrest_(2020%E2%80%93present)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of incidents and protests of the United States racial unrest (2020–present)">List of other incidents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_(hacker_group)" title="Anonymous (hacker group)">Anonymous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter" title="Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_Zero" title="Campaign Zero">Campaign Zero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darnella_Frazier" title="Darnella Frazier">Darnella Frazier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis_Police_Department" title="Minneapolis Police Department">Minneapolis Police Department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_of_Moms" title="Wall of Moms">Wall of Moms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monument_and_memorial_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="List of monument and memorial controversies in the United States">Monument and memorial controversies in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monuments_and_memorials_in_Canada_removed_in_2020%E2%80%932022" title="Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022">Monuments and memorials in Canada removed in 2020–2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_abolition_movement" title="Police abolition movement">Police abolition movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_accountability" title="Police accountability">Police accountability</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_wall_of_silence" title="Blue wall of silence">Blue wall of silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_cop" class="mw-redirect" title="Gypsy cop">Gypsy cops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qualified_immunity" title="Qualified immunity">Qualified immunity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_brutality_in_the_United_States" title="Police brutality in the United States">Police brutality in the United States</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Use_of_torture_by_police_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Use of torture by police in the United States">Use of torture by police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Police_use_of_deadly_force_in_the_United_States" title="Police use of deadly force in the United States">Use of deadly force by police</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/His_Name_Is_George_Floyd" title="His Name Is George Floyd">His Name Is George Floyd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#eeeeee;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:George_Floyd_protests" title="Category:George Floyd protests">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Lynching_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Lynching in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Lynching_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_lynching_victims_in_the_United_States" title="List of lynching victims in the United States">List of lynching victims in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Before 1900</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Francis_McIntosh" title="Lynching of Francis McIntosh">Francis McIntosh</a> (1836)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Parish_Lovejoy" title="Elijah Parish Lovejoy">Elijah Parish Lovejoy</a> (1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josefa_Segovia" title="Josefa Segovia">Josefa Segovia</a> (1851)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancho_Daniel" title="Pancho Daniel">Pancho Daniel</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_race_riot_of_1863" title="Detroit race riot of 1863">Joshua Boyd</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Plummer" title="Henry Plummer">Henry Plummer</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Sketoe" title="Bill Sketoe">Bill Sketoe</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clubfoot_George" title="Clubfoot George">Clubfoot George</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Long" title="Steve Long">Steve Long, Ace and Con Moyer</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyatt_Outlaw" title="Wyatt Outlaw">Wyatt Outlaw</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Stephens" title="John W. Stephens">John W. Stephens</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Boyd_(county_solicitor)" title="Alexander Boyd (county solicitor)">Alexander Boyd</a> (1870)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Williams_(militia_leader)" title="Jim Williams (militia leader)">Jim Williams</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_David_Jones" title="Lynching of David Jones">David Jones</a> (1872)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jo_Reed" title="Lynching of Jo Reed">Jo Reed</a> (1875)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_St._Clair_(minister)" title="Arthur St. Clair (minister)">Arthur St. Clair</a> (1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Green" title="Lynching of Michael Green">Michael Green</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Standing" title="Joseph Standing">Joseph Standing</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Nose_George" title="Big Nose George">Big Nose George Parrott</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Thurber" title="Charles Thurber">Charles Thurber</a> (1882)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisbee_massacre" title="Bisbee massacre">John Wesley Heath</a> (1884)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Eliza_Woods" title="Lynching of Eliza Woods">Eliza Woods</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mingo_Jack" title="Mingo Jack">Samuel "Mingo Jack" Johnson</a> (1886)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Amos_Miller" title="Lynching of Amos Miller">Amos Miller</a> (1888)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_Vermillion" title="Lynching of Joseph Vermillion">Joseph Vermillion</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Meadows" title="Lynching of George Meadows">George Meadows</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Watson" title="Ellen Watson">Ellen Watson</a> (1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia#Jim_Crow_era" title="Madison, Georgia">Brown Washington</a> (1890)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_Taylor" title="Lynching of Jim Taylor">Jim Taylor</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman#Lynching_and_race" title="Benjamin Tillman">Dick Lundy</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Coe" title="Lynching of Joe Coe">Joe Coe</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lewis_(lynching_victim)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Lewis (lynching victim)">Robert Lewis</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ephraim_Grizzard" title="Lynching of Ephraim Grizzard">Ephraim Grizzard</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_J._Bush" title="Lynching of Samuel J. Bush">Samuel J. Bush</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denmark,_South_Carolina#History" title="Denmark, South Carolina">John Peterson</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Alfred_Blount" title="Lynching of Alfred Blount">Alfred Blount</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Smith_(lynching_victim)" title="Henry Smith (lynching victim)">Henry Smith</a> (1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Richard_Puryear" title="Lynching of Richard Puryear">Richard Puryear</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Stephen_Williams" title="Lynching of Stephen Williams">Stephen Williams</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Springs,_Mississippi#Lynching" title="Rocky Springs, Mississippi">Amos Hicks</a> (1894)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellicott_City,_Maryland#Incorporation_and_disincorporation" title="Ellicott City, Maryland">Jacob Henson</a> (1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Andrews" title="Lynching of William Andrews">William Andrews</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_H._McCoy" title="Lynching of Joseph H. McCoy">Joseph H. McCoy</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LaFayette,_Alabama#History" title="LaFayette, Alabama">John Anderson</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Henry_James" title="Lynching of John Henry James">John Henry James</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_F._W._Stewart" title="Lynching of F. W. Stewart">F. W. Stewart</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Sam_Hose" title="Lynching of Sam Hose">Sam Hose</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Benjamin_Thomas" title="Lynching of Benjamin Thomas">Benjamin Thomas</a> (1899)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">1900–1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Rochelle" title="Fred Rochelle">Fred Rochelle</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ballie_Crutchfield" title="Lynching of Ballie Crutchfield">Ballie Crutchfield</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Ward" title="Lynching of George Ward">George Ward</a> (1901)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#Twentieth_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Walker Davis</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danville_race_riot" title="Danville race riot">J. D. Mayfield</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_White" title="Lynching of George White"> George White</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_David_Wyatt" title="Lynching of David Wyatt">David Wyatt</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Marie_Thompson" title="Lynching of Marie Thompson">Marie Thompson</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paul_Reed_and_Will_Cato" title="Lynching of Paul Reed and Will Cato">Paul Reed and Will Cato</a> (1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden,_Alabama#Lynching_of_Bunk_Richardson" title="Gadsden, Alabama">Bunk Richardson</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ed_Johnson" title="Lynching of Ed Johnson">Ed Johnson</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyah,_Texas#History" title="Toyah, Texas">Slab Pitts</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_William_Burns" title="Lynching of William Burns">William Burns</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Earnest_Williams" title="Lynching of Earnest Williams">Earnest Williams</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Miller_(outlaw)" title="Jim Miller (outlaw)">Jim Miller</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">James Hodges</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Matthew Chase</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">"Mose" Creole</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">"Pie" Hill</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_%22Froggie%22_James" title="William "Froggie" James">William "Froggie" James and Henry Salzner</a> (1909)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centreville,_Alabama#1910_lynching" title="Centreville, Alabama">Grant Richardson</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_King_Johnson" title="Lynching of King Johnson">King Johnson</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Name unknown (TX)</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson" title="Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson">Laura and L. D. Nelson</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livermore,_Kentucky#Opera_house_lynching" title="Livermore, Kentucky">Will Porter</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Zachariah_Walker" title="Lynching of Zachariah Walker">Zachariah Walker</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Mary Jackson</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_racial_conflict_in_Forsyth_County,_Georgia" title="1912 racial conflict in Forsyth County, Georgia">Rob Edwards</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">George Saunders</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Robert Perry</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">? Anderson</a> (1913)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Charles Fisher</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Evans" title="Lynching of John Evans">John Evans</a> (1914)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Frank" title="Leo Frank">Leo Frank</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarbluff,_Mississippi#History" title="Cedarbluff, Mississippi">Name unknown (MS)</a> (1915)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jesse_Washington" title="Lynching of Jesse Washington">Jesse Washington</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Anthony_Crawford" title="Lynching of Anthony Crawford">Anthony Crawford</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cedarbluff,_Mississippi#History" title="Cedarbluff, Mississippi">Jeff Brown</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Paulo_Boleta" title="Lynching of Paulo Boleta">Paulo Boleta</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Little_(unionist)" title="Frank Little (unionist)">Frank Little</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Marshall,_Texas#20th_century" title="History of Marshall, Texas">Charles Jones</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Ell_Persons" title="Lynching of Ell Persons">Ell Persons</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Prager" title="Robert Prager">Robert Prager</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1918_lynchings" title="May 1918 lynchings">Mary Turner and her unborn baby</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1918_lynchings" title="May 1918 lynchings">Hazel "Hayes" Turner</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Taylor" title="Lynching of George Taylor">George Taylor</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_McIlherron" class="mw-redirect" title="Jim McIlherron">Jim McIlherron</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Olli_Kinkkonen" title="Lynching of Olli Kinkkonen">Olli Kinkkonen</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison,_Georgia#Jim_Crow_era" title="Madison, Georgia">Wallace Baynes</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919" title="Omaha race riot of 1919">Will Brown</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesley_Everest" title="Wesley Everest">Wesley Everest</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hartfield" title="John Hartfield">John Hartfield</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jay_Lynch" title="Lynching of Jay Lynch">Jay Lynch</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berry_Washington" title="Berry Washington">Berry Washington</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1920_Alabama_coal_strike#Willie_Baird" title="1920 Alabama coal strike">Willie Baird</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Belton" title="Roy Belton">Roy Belton</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Rowland" title="Dick Rowland">Dick Rowland (attempted)</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Henry_Lowry" title="Lynching of Henry Lowry">Henry Lowry</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_James_Harvey_and_Joe_Jordan" title="Lynching of James Harvey and Joe Jordan">James Harvey and Joe Jordan</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Pullen" title="Joe Pullen">Joe Pullen</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Smith" title="Lynching of Samuel Smith">Samuel Smith</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_L._Q._Ivy" title="Lynching of L. Q. Ivy">L. Q. Ivy</a> (1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Raymond_Byrd" title="Lynching of Raymond Byrd">Raymond Byrd</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clark_(lynching_victim)" title="James Clark (lynching victim)">James Clark</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Lake,_Colorado#Fred_Selak" title="Grand Lake, Colorado">Fred N. Selak</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Tom_Payne" title="Lynching of Tom Payne">Tom Payne</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_John_Carter" title="Lynching of John Carter">John Carter</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Dan_Anderson" title="Lynching of Dan Anderson">Dan Anderson</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Will_Sherod" title="Lynching of Will Sherod">Will Sherod</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Bernice_Raspberry" title="Lynching of Bernice Raspberry">Bernice Raspberry</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Owen_Flemming" title="Lynching of Owen Flemming">Owen Flemming</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joseph_Upchurch" title="Lynching of Joseph Upchurch">Joseph Upchurch</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Joe_Smith" title="Lynching of Joe Smith">Joe Smith</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Albert_Williams" title="Lynching of Albert Williams">Albert Williams</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Bradshaw" title="Lynching of Thomas Bradshaw">Thomas Bradshaw</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Winston_Pounds" title="Lynching of Winston Pounds">Winston Pounds</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Williams" title="Lynching of Thomas Williams">Thomas Williams</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Henry_Choate" title="Lynching of Henry Choate">Henry Choate</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Leonard_Woods" title="Lynching of Leonard Woods">Leonard Woods</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondak,_Montana" title="Mondak, Montana">J. C. Collins</a> (1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Hughes" title="Lynching of George Hughes">George Hughes</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cameron_(activist)" title="James Cameron (activist)">James Cameron</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Raymond_Gunn" title="Lynching of Raymond Gunn">Lynching of Raymond Gunn</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Williams_(laborer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matthew Williams (laborer)">Matthew Williams</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Shedrick_Thompson" title="Death of Shedrick Thompson">Shedrick Thompson</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_George_Armwood" title="Lynching of George Armwood">George Armwood</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Cordie_Cheek" title="Lynching of Cordie Cheek">Cordie Cheek</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Claude_Neal" title="Lynching of Claude Neal">Claude Neal</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Austin_Callaway" title="Lynching of Austin Callaway">Austin Callaway</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbert_Williams" title="Elbert Williams">Elbert Williams</a> (1940)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">After 1940</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Hall" title="Felix Hall">Felix Hall</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Kunze" title="Johannes Kunze">Johannes Kunze</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Screws_v._United_States" title="Screws v. United States">Robert "Bobbie" Hall</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_James_Howard" title="Lynching of Willie James Howard">Willie James Howard</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recy_Taylor" title="Recy Taylor">Recy Taylor</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Cecil_Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="John Cecil Jones">John Cecil Jones</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Willie_Earle" title="Lynching of Willie Earle">Willie Earle</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamar_Smith_(activist)" title="Lamar Smith (activist)">Lamar Smith</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Lee" title="George W. Lee">George W. Lee</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till" title="Emmett Till">Emmett Till</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judge_Edward_Aaron" title="Judge Edward Aaron">Judge Edward Aaron</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Willie_Edwards" title="Murder of Willie Edwards">Willie Edwards</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Mack_Charles_Parker" title="Lynching of Mack Charles Parker">Mack Charles Parker</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Allen" title="Louis Allen">Louis Allen</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Lemuel_Penn" title="Murder of Lemuel Penn">Lemuel Penn</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Frank_Morris" title="Murder of Frank Morris">Frank Morris</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Reeb" title="James Reeb">James Reeb</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernon_Dahmer" title="Vernon Dahmer">Vernon Dahmer</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wharlest_Jackson" title="Murder of Wharlest Jackson">Wharlest Jackson</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Carol_Jenkins" title="Murder of Carol Jenkins">Carol Jenkins</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Henry_Marrow" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Henry Marrow">Henry Marrow</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Livernois%E2%80%93Fenkell_riot" title="Livernois–Fenkell riot">Marian Pyszko</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Betty_Gardner" title="Murder of Betty Gardner">Betty Gardner</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980_Miami_riots" title="1980 Miami riots">Arthur McDuffie</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Michael_Donald" title="Lynching of Michael Donald">Michael Donald</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Yusef_Hawkins" title="Murder of Yusef Hawkins">Yusef Hawkins</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Byrd_Jr." title="Murder of James Byrd Jr.">James Byrd Jr.</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_James_Craig_Anderson" title="Murder of James Craig Anderson">James Craig Anderson</a> (2011)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ahmaud Arbery</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Multiple_victims" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Multiple victims</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Joseph_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Joseph Smith">Death of Joseph Smith</a> (<a href="/wiki/Joseph_Smith" title="Joseph Smith">Joseph Smith</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hyrum_Smith" title="Hyrum Smith">Hyrum Smith</a>) (1844)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marais_des_Cygnes_massacre" title="Marais des Cygnes massacre">Marais des Cygnes, KS, massacre</a> (1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanging_at_Gainesville" title="Great Hanging at Gainesville">Great Hanging at Gainesville, TX</a> (1862)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_draft_riots" title="New York City draft riots">New York City draft riots</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_race_riot_(1863)" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit race riot (1863)">Detroit race riot (1863)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felix_Signoret" title="Felix Signoret">? Lachenais and four others</a> (1863)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Fort_Pillow" title="Battle of Fort Pillow">Fort Pillow, TN, massacre</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Plummer" title="Henry Plummer">Plummer Gang</a> (1864)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memphis_riots_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="Memphis riots of 1866">Memphis massacre</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_Gallatin_County_race_riot" title="1866 Gallatin County race riot">Gallatin County, KY, race riot</a> (1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Orleans_massacre_of_1866" class="mw-redirect" title="New Orleans massacre of 1866">New Orleans massacre of 1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reno_Gang" title="Reno Gang">Reno Brothers Gang</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camilla_massacre" title="Camilla massacre">Camilla, GA, massacre</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Long" title="Steve Long">Steve Long and two half-brothers</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_riot" title="Pulaski riot">Pulaski, TN, riot</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Samuel_Bierfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Samuel Bierfield">Samuel Bierfield and Lawrence Bowman</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opelousas_massacre" title="Opelousas massacre">Opelousas, LA, massacre</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bear_River_City,_Wyoming#Bear_River_City_Riot_of_November_19,_1868" title="Bear River City, Wyoming">Bear River City riot</a> (1868)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_massacre_of_1871" class="mw-redirect" title="Chinese massacre of 1871">Chinese massacre of 1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meridian_race_riot_of_1871" title="Meridian race riot of 1871">Meridian, MS, race riot</a> (1871)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colfax_massacre" title="Colfax massacre">Colfax, LA, massacre</a> (1873)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_riot_of_1874" class="mw-redirect" title="Election riot of 1874">Election riot of 1874</a> (AL)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Moya" title="Juan Moya">Juan, Antonio, and Marcelo Moya</a> (1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Benjamin_and_Mollie_French" title="Lynching of Benjamin and Mollie French">Benjamin and Mollie French</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellenton_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellenton riot">Ellenton, SC, riot</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_massacre" title="Hamburg massacre">Hamburg, SC, massacre</a> (1876)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thibodaux_massacre" title="Thibodaux massacre">Thibodeax, LA, massacre</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horrell_Brothers" title="Horrell Brothers">Mart and Tom Horrell</a> (1878)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Nevlin_Porter_and_Johnson_Spencer" title="Lynching of Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer">Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willits,_California##Triple_Masonic_lynching_of_1879" title="Willits, California">Elijah Frost, Abijah Gibson, Tom McCracken</a> (1879)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variety_Hall_shootout" title="Variety Hall shootout">T.J. House, James West, John Dorsey</a> (1880)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14,_1891,_lynchings" class="mw-redirect" title="March 14, 1891, lynchings">New Orleans 1891 lynchings</a> (1891)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Ruggles_brothers" title="Lynching of the Ruggles brothers">Ruggles Brothers (CA)</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Grocery_lynchings" title="People's Grocery lynchings">Thomas Moss, Henry Stewart, Calvin McDowell (TN)</a> (1892)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Nevlin_Porter_and_Johnson_Spencer" title="Lynching of Nevlin Porter and Johnson Spencer">Porter and Spencer (MS)</a> (1897)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_election_riot" title="Phoenix election riot">Phoenix, SC, election riot</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_insurrection_of_1898" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilmington insurrection of 1898">Wilmington, NC, insurrection</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Julia_and_Frazier_Baker" class="mw-redirect" title="Lynching of Julia and Frazier Baker">Julia and Frazier Baker</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pana_riot" title="Pana riot">Pana, IL, riot</a> (1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watkinsville_lynching" title="Watkinsville lynching">Watkinsville lynching</a> (1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_Atlanta_race_massacre" title="1906 Atlanta race massacre">1906 Atlanta race massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemper_County,_Mississippi#History" title="Kemper County, Mississippi">Kemper County, MS</a> (1906)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_the_Walker_family" title="Lynching of the Walker family">Walker family</a> (1908)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_race_riot_of_1908" title="Springfield race riot of 1908">Springfield race riot of 1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slocum,_Texas" title="Slocum, Texas">Slocum, TX, massacre</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L._D._Nelson" title="Lynching of Laura and L. D. Nelson">Laura and L.D. Nelson</a> (1911)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_County,_Georgia#History" title="Harris County, Georgia">Harris County, GA, lynchings</a> (1912)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newberry_Six_lynchings" title="Newberry Six lynchings">Newberry, FL, lynchings</a> (1916)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_St._Louis_riots" class="mw-redirect" title="East St. Louis riots">East St. Louis, IL, riots</a> (1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooks_County,_Georgia" title="Brooks County, Georgia">Lynching rampage in Brooks County, GA</a> (1918)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenkins_County,_Georgia,_riot_of_1919" class="mw-redirect" title="Jenkins County, Georgia, riot of 1919">Jenkins County, GA, riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longview_race_riot" title="Longview race riot">Longview, TX, race riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elaine_race_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaine race riot">Elaine, AR, race riot</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_race_riot_of_1919" title="Omaha race riot of 1919">Omaha race riot of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knoxville_riot_of_1919" title="Knoxville riot of 1919">Knoxville riot of 1919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duluth_lynchings" title="Duluth lynchings">Duluth, MN, lynchings</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocoee_massacre" title="Ocoee massacre">Ocoee, FL, massacre</a> (1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulsa_race_massacre" title="Tulsa race massacre">Tulsa race massacre</a> (1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_race_riot" class="mw-redirect" title="Perry race riot">Perry, FL, race riot</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood_massacre" title="Rosewood massacre">Rosewood, FL, massacre</a> (1923)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Jim_and_Mark_Fox" title="Lynching of Jim and Mark Fox">Jim and Mark Fox</a> (1927)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Thomas_Shipp_and_Abram_Smith" title="Lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith">Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_County,_Mississippi#History" title="Tate County, Mississippi">Tate County, MS</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooke_Hart#Lynching_of_Thurmond_and_Holmes" class="mw-redirect" title="Brooke Hart">Thomas Harold Thurmond and John M. Holmes</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_Roosevelt_Townes_and_Robert_McDaniels" title="Lynching of Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels">Roosevelt Townes and Robert McDaniels</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumont_race_riot_of_1943" title="Beaumont race riot of 1943">Beaumont, TX, Race Riot</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Day_Short" title="O'Day Short">O'Day Short, wife, and two children</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moore%27s_Ford_lynchings" title="Moore's Ford lynchings">Moore's Ford, GA, lynchings</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_T._Moore" title="Harry T. Moore">Harry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Harriette_Moore" title="Harriette Moore">Harriette Moore</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anniston,_Alabama#The_Civil_Rights_era" title="Anniston, Alabama">Anniston, AL</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murders_of_Chaney,_Goodman,_and_Schwerner" title="Murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner">Freedom Summer Murders</a> (<a href="/wiki/James_Chaney" title="James Chaney">James Chaney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Goodman_(activist)" title="Andrew Goodman (activist)">Andrew Goodman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michael_Schwerner" title="Michael Schwerner">Michael Schwerner</a>) (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Cold_Case" title="Mississippi Cold Case">Henry Hezekiah Dee and Charles Eddie Moore</a> (1964)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lynching" title="Lynching">Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indiana_White_Caps" title="Indiana White Caps">Indiana White Caps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Crow_laws" title="Jim Crow laws">Jim Crow laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ku_Klux_Klan" title="Ku Klux Klan">Ku Klux Klan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadir_of_American_race_relations" title="Nadir of American race relations">Nadir of American race relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Shirts_(United_States)" title="Red Shirts (United States)">Red Shirts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_of_American_Jews" title="Lynching of American Jews">Jews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anti-lynching_movement" title="Anti-lynching movement">Anti-lynching movement</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_anti-lynching_activists" title="Category:American anti-lynching activists">American anti-lynching activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Crusade_Against_Lynching" title="American Crusade Against Lynching">American Crusade Against Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessie_Daniel_Ames" title="Jessie Daniel Ames">Jessie Daniel Ames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_C._Ansorge" title="Martin C. Ansorge">Martin C. Ansorge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Southern_Women_for_the_Prevention_of_Lynching" title="Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching">Association of Southern Women for the Prevention of Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flossie_Bailey" title="Flossie Bailey">Flossie Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_O%27Connell_Bradley" title="William O'Connell Bradley">William O'Connell Bradley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ella_Barksdale_Brown" title="Ella Barksdale Brown">Ella Barksdale Brown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Divine" title="Father Divine">Father Divine</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Flag_Salute" title="Flag Salute">Flag Salute</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NAACP" title="NAACP">N.A.A.C.P.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conference_on_Lynching" title="National Conference on Lynching">National Conference on Lynching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robeson" title="Paul Robeson">Paul Robeson</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Strange_Fruit" title="Strange Fruit">Strange Fruit</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ida_B._Wells" title="Ida B. Wells">Ida B. Wells</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Legislation" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Anti-Lynching_Bill" title="Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill">Dyer Anti-Lynching Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_P._Costigan#Costigan–Wagner_Bill" title="Edward P. Costigan">Costigan-Wagner Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justice_for_Victims_of_Lynching_Act" title="Justice for Victims of Lynching Act">Justice for Victims of Lynching Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Unsolved_Civil_Rights_Crime_Act" title="Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act">Emmett Till Unsolved Civil Rights Crime Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmett_Till_Antilynching_Act" title="Emmett Till Antilynching Act">Emmett Till Antilynching Act</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defenders of lynching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_G._Bilbo" title="Theodore G. Bilbo">Theodore G. Bilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_L._Blease" title="Cole L. Blease">Cole L. Blease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_S._Carr" title="Julian S. Carr">Julian S. Carr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Johnston_Catts" title="Sidney Johnston Catts">Sidney Johnston Catts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Dixon_Jr." title="Thomas Dixon Jr.">Thomas Dixon Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Latimer_Felton" title="Rebecca Latimer Felton">Rebecca Latimer Felton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Temple_Graves" title="John Temple Graves">John Temple Graves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Trotwood_Moore" title="John Trotwood Moore">John Trotwood Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Morgan" title="John T. Morgan">John T. Morgan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rolph" title="James Rolph">James Rolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodloe_Sutton" title="Goodloe Sutton">Goodloe Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tillman" title="Benjamin Tillman">Benjamin Tillman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_K._Vardaman" title="James K. Vardaman">James K. Vardaman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Watson" title="Thomas E. Watson">Thomas E. Watson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Memory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Black_Holocaust_Museum" title="America's Black Holocaust Museum">America's Black Holocaust Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Rights_Memorial" title="Civil Rights Memorial">Civil Rights Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Legacy_Museum" title="The Legacy Museum">The Legacy Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Memorial_for_Peace_and_Justice" title="National Memorial for Peace and Justice">National Memorial for Peace and Justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_African_American_History_and_Culture" title="National Museum of African American History and Culture">National Museum of African American History and Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allen_(collector)" title="James Allen (collector)">James Allen (collector)</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_you_are_lynching_Negroes" title="And you are lynching Negroes">And you are lynching Negroes</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attack_on_John_Shillady" title="Attack on John Shillady">Attack on John Shillady</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Liberty_Place" title="Battle of Liberty Place">Battle of Liberty Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Birth_of_a_Nation" title="The Birth of a Nation">The Birth of a Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clansman:_A_Historical_Romance_of_the_Ku_Klux_Klan" title="The Clansman: A Historical Romance of the Ku Klux Klan">The Clansman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_in_police_custody_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Deaths in police custody in the United States">Deaths in police custody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fury_(1936_film)" title="Fury (1936 film)">Fury (1936 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hang_%27Em_High" title="Hang 'Em High">Hang 'Em High</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynching_postcard" title="Lynching postcard">Lynching postcard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Burning" title="Mississippi Burning">Mississippi Burning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Cold_Case" title="Mississippi Cold Case">Mississippi Cold Case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Jimmie_Lee_Jackson" title="Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson">Murder of Jimmie Lee Jackson</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ox-Bow_Incident" title="The Ox-Bow Incident">The Ox-Bow Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parade_(musical)" title="Parade (musical)">Parade (musical)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_era" title="Reconstruction era">Reconstruction era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Summer" title="Red Summer">Red Summer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottsboro_Boys" title="Scottsboro Boys">Scottsboro Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Parade" title="Silent Parade">Silent Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Mountain#Confederate_Memorial_Carving" title="Stone Mountain">Stone Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_in_Mississippi" title="Summer in Mississippi">Summer in Mississippi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundown_town" title="Sundown town">Sundown town</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_sundown_towns_in_the_United_States" title="List of sundown towns in the United States">list</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/They_Won%27t_Forget" title="They Won't Forget">They Won't Forget</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_of_Lyncherdom" title="The United States of Lyncherdom">"The United States of Lyncherdom" (Twain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Shipp" title="United States v. Shipp">United States v. Shipp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendetta_(1999_film)" title="Vendetta (1999 film)">Vendetta (1999 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilmington_massacre" title="Wilmington massacre">Wilmington insurrection of 1898</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Categories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Lynching in the United States">Lynching in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_deaths_in_the_United_States_by_state" title="Category:Lynching deaths in the United States by state">Lynching deaths in the United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First presidency of Donald Trump</a> (2017–2021)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tenure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Donald Trump's First Inaugural Address">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the first Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump" title="Social media use by Donald Trump">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 midterm elections</a></li> <li>Government shutdowns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown">2018–2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders by Donald Trump">executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">presidential proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">State funeral of George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg">State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Executive clemency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">pardon of Joe Arpaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr." title="Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.">commutation of Jaime Davidson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Travel bans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769" title="Reactions to Executive Order 13769">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769" title="Protests against Executive Order 13769">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">replacement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">Trump wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13767" title="Executive Order 13767">Executive Order 13767</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Family separation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">Migrant detentions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">Operation Faithful Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration" title="I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration">Anonymous senior official op-ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Israel–United States relations">Relations with Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Peace plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Morocco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements" title="Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements">Kosovo–Serbia agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">North Korea crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process" title="2018–19 Korean peace process">peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Russia–United States relations">Relations with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_bounty_program" title="Russian bounty program">Russian bounty program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts" title="Trump administration farmer bailouts">Farmer bailouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">Saudi Arabia arms deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria strikes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela" title="Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela">Proposed invasion of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Tsai_call" title="Trump–Tsai call">Taiwan call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_communication_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House COVID-19 outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration political interference with science agencies">Political interference with science agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach" title="2020 United States federal government data breach">Federal government data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump_as_president" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president">Legal affairs</a></li> <li>Impeachments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump" title="List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump">resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">first impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">first trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">second trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump" title="Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump">proposed expungements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration" title="Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration">2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes" title="National Garden of American Heroes">National Garden of American Heroes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Steal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop the Steal">Stop the Steal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">continued protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library" title="Donald J. Trump Presidential Library">Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="First 100 days of the first Donald Trump presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)#January_2021" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020%E2%80%9321)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)">2020–2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">by Rex Tillerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">by Mike Pompeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address" title="2019 Oval Office address">2019 Oval Office address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address" title="2020 Oval Office address">2020 Oval Office address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address" title="Donald Trump's first farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Economic policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">tax cuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018" title="America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018">America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018</a></li></ul></li> <li>Foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_during_the_2016_presidential_election" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election">as candidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration">as President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the first Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="First cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a> <ul><li>formation</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">Attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">Economic advisors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">Withdrawn appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">Short-tenure appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals and resignations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_dismissal_of_inspectors_general" title="2020 dismissal of inspectors general">inspectors general</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">← Obama administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&oldid=1258004223">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&oldid=1258004223</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_controversies_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2020 controversies in the United States">2020 controversies in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:2020 in Georgia (U.S. state)">2020 in Georgia (U.S. state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_murders_in_the_United_States" title="Category:2020 murders in the United States">2020 murders in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2020_United_States_racial_unrest" title="Category:2020 United States racial unrest">2020 United States racial unrest</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:African-American_history_of_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:African-American history of Georgia (U.S. state)">African-American history of Georgia (U.S. state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Brunswick,_Georgia" title="Category:Brunswick, Georgia">Brunswick, Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Black_Lives_Matter" title="Category:Black Lives Matter">Black Lives Matter</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_firearm_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Deaths by firearm in Georgia (U.S. state)">Deaths by firearm in Georgia (U.S. state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Deaths_by_person_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Deaths by person in Georgia (U.S. state)">Deaths by person in Georgia (U.S. state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:February_2020_crimes_in_the_United_States" title="Category:February 2020 crimes in the United States">February 2020 crimes in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Glynn_County,_Georgia" title="Category:Glynn County, Georgia">Glynn County, Georgia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Filmed_deaths_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Filmed deaths in the United States">Filmed deaths in the United States</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lynching_deaths_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Lynching deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)">Lynching deaths in Georgia (U.S. state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Murder_in_Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Category:Murder in Georgia (U.S. state)">Murder in Georgia (U.S. state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Category:First presidency of Donald Trump">First presidency of Donald Trump</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Racially_motivated_violence_against_African_Americans" title="Category:Racially motivated violence against African Americans">Racially motivated violence against African Americans</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_February_2022" title="Category:Use mdy dates from February 2022">Use mdy dates from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_November_2021" title="Category:Use American English from November 2021">Use American English from November 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates on Wikidata">Coordinates on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 17 November 2024, at 17:14 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-847495b4dd-srm2k","wgBackendResponseTime":179,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.352","walltime":"3.590","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18898,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":914511,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6289,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":20,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":5,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1171706,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 2941.018 1 -total"," 70.91% 2085.370 2 Template:Reflist"," 55.90% 1644.124 250 Template:Cite_news"," 4.57% 134.538 24 Template:Cite_web"," 4.43% 130.389 1 Template:Infobox_civilian_attack"," 4.22% 124.089 1 Template:Infobox"," 3.99% 117.349 1 Template:Black_Lives_Matter"," 3.05% 89.709 1 Template:Short_description"," 2.13% 62.743 2 Template:Pagetype"," 1.43% 41.944 1 Template:Infobox_event"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.966","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9663940,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","320","15.1"],["?","280","13.2"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","220","10.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","180","8.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","160","7.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::match","120","5.7"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","80","3.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::formatDate","60","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getEntityStatements","60","2.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::preprocess","40","1.9"],["[others]","600","28.3"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-565d46677b-7k8gp","timestamp":"20241128120436","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Murder of Ahmaud Arbery","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Murder_of_Ahmaud_Arbery","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q93439010","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q93439010","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2020-05-04T15:30:56Z","dateModified":"2024-11-17T17:14:57Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/en\/4\/4a\/AHMAUD-ARBERY-1.jpg","headline":"fatal shooting in Georgia in 2020"}</script> </body> </html>