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Beschikbaar in 21 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daxili_birl%C9%99%C5%9Fdirm%C9%99" title="Daxili birləşdirmə – Azerbeidzjaans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Daxili birləşdirmə" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidzjaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Catalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOIN" title="JOIN – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="JOIN" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentencia_JOIN_en_SQL" title="Sentencia JOIN en SQL – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sentencia JOIN en SQL" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jointure_(informatique)" title="Jointure (informatique) – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jointure (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Hebreeuws" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeuws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Russisch" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join_(SQL)" title="Join (SQL) – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Join (SQL)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%9E%E6%8E%A5" title="连接 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="连接" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2003535#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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</div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In andere projecten </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SQL_Joins" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2003535" title="Koppeling naar item in verbonden gegevensrepository [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paginahulpmiddelen"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Uiterlijk"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Uiterlijk</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Uit Wikipedia, de vrije encyclopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nl" dir="ltr"><p>Een <b>JOIN</b>-clause is een onderdeel van een <a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>-query, waardoor <a href="/wiki/Rij_(database)" title="Rij (database)">records</a> van twee of meer tabellen uit een <a href="/wiki/Database" title="Database">database</a> gecombineerd kunnen worden. </p><p>Er zijn twee soorten joins in SQL volgens de <a href="/wiki/ANSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ANSI">ANSI</a>-standaard, een inner-join en een outer-join. Een outer-join kan op zijn beurt weer left, right of full zijn. </p><p>Een left outer join doet een query op één tabel en zoekt dan bij elk resultaatrecord extra velden van de tweede tabel. De <a href="/wiki/Syntaxis_(informatica)" title="Syntaxis (informatica)">syntaxis</a> is als volgt: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">veld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">veld</span> </pre></div> <p>Een left outer join garandeert dus de aanwezigheid van alle rijen van de linker tabel (hier tabel1). Een inner-join doet dat niet, omdat rijen van tabel1 waarvoor er in tabel2 geen enkele rij gevonden wordt waarvoor tabel1.veld = tabel2.veld niet getoond worden. </p><p>Dit kan aangevuld worden met de <kbd>WHERE</kbd>-clause en de andere clauses. In de <kbd>ON</kbd>-clause wordt gespecificeerd welke velden van de beide tabellen overeen moeten komen. Dit wordt gebruikt om de goede records van de tweede tabel bij de eerste te vinden. Indien geen record in tabel2 gevonden wordt is er toch een resultaatrecord, weliswaar met lege velden (NULL's) in het deel dat uit tabel2 afkomstig is. De sleutelwoordcombinatie <kbd>RIGHT OUTER JOIN</kbd> kan ook gebruikt worden. Verwissel in dat geval tabel1 en tabel2 in de uitleg hierboven. Een <kbd>FULL OUTER JOIN</kbd> ten slotte garandeert de aanwezigheid van alle rijen van zowel tabel1 als tabel2: het resultaat is dus de <kbd>UNION</kbd> van de <kbd>LEFT OUTER JOIN</kbd> en de <kbd>RIGHT OUTER JOIN</kbd>. </p> <table cellpadding="3" rules="all" align="right" style="border: 1px solid black; margin-left: 2ex;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Tabel "T1" </th> <th>Tabel "T2" </th> <th>Query </th> <th>Resultaat </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2" rules="all" style="border: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>C1</th> <th>C2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>a </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>b </td></tr> <tr> <td>2</td> <td>b </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2" rules="all" style="border: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>C1</th> <th>C2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>3</td> <td>y </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span> <span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> </td> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2" rules="all" style="border: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>T1.C1</th> <th>T1.C2</th> <th>T2.C1</th> <th>T2.C2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>a</td> <td>1</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>a</td> <td>1</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>b</td> <td>1</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>1</td> <td>b</td> <td>1</td> <td>y </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C2</span> <span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">LEFT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> </td> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2" rules="all" style="border: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>T1.C2</th> <th>T2.C2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>NULL </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C2</span> <span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">RIGHT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> </td> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2" rules="all" style="border: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>T1.C2</th> <th>T2.C2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>NULL</td> <td>y </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C2</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C2</span> <span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FULL</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">OUTER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">T2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">C1</span><span class="p">;</span> </pre></div> </td> <td align="center"> <table cellpadding="2" rules="all" style="border: 1px solid gray; text-align: center;"> <tbody><tr> <th>T1.C2</th> <th>T2.C2 </th></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>a</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>x </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>y </td></tr> <tr> <td>b</td> <td>NULL </td></tr> <tr> <td>NULL</td> <td>y </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Een inner-join is in eerste instantie gelijk aan wat men in de <a href="/wiki/Verzamelingenleer" title="Verzamelingenleer">verzamelingenleer</a> en in de <a href="/wiki/Relationele_algebra" title="Relationele algebra">relationele algebra</a> het <a href="/wiki/Cartesisch_product" title="Cartesisch product">cartesisch product</a> noemt. Dit wil zeggen dat het resultaat alle combinaties van records van de eerste tabel met alle records van de tweede tabel bevat. In tweede instantie — na het <kbd>ON</kbd>-keyword — worden deze records gefilterd zodat enkel de rijen overblijven waarvan de velden, die in de ON-clause gespecificeerd zijn, overeenkomen. De syntaxis is als volgt: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel1</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">INNER</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">JOIN</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">ON</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">veld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">veld</span> </pre></div> <p>Het aantal resultaatrecords van een inner-join kan maximaal oplopen tot het aantal records in het cartesisch product. Records van tabel1 waarvoor geen overeenkomstige records in tabel2 worden gevonden, worden niet getoond; daarvoor is de eerder vermelde <kbd>OUTER JOIN</kbd>. Anderzijds worden records van tabel1 waarvoor meerdere overeenkomstige records van tabel2 worden gevonden, ook evenzoveel keer getoond. </p><p>Voorheen werd de inner-join anders geformuleerd, namelijk zonder de <kbd>ON</kbd>-clause; de join-informatie stond gewoon in de <kbd>WHERE</kbd>-clause. Toen was een vergissing snel gemaakt. Een voorbeeld van de oude notatie: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-sql mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">SELECT</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">*</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">FROM</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel1</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel2</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="k">WHERE</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel1</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">veld</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="n">tabel2</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">veld</span> </pre></div> <p>Deze notatie is nog steeds syntactisch correct, en logisch equivalent aan de inner-join. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Zie_ook">Zie ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Join_(SQL)&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Zie ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Join_(SQL)&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Zie ook"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_(SQL)" title="Select (SQL)"><kbd>SELECT</kbd></a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67837862">.mw-parser-output .navigatie{position:relative;clear:both;overflow:auto;margin:1em auto -0.5em;padding:2px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);text-align:center;font-size:87%}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken{margin-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .navigatie-bewerken 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title="Null">null</a> · <a href="/wiki/Vreemde_sleutel" title="Vreemde sleutel">vreemde sleutel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Primaire_sleutel" title="Primaire sleutel">primaire sleutel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Kandidaatsleutel" title="Kandidaatsleutel">kandidaatsleutel</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Axioma%27s_van_Armstrong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Axioma's van Armstrong (de pagina bestaat niet)">axioma's van Armstrong</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Objecten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Tabel_(database)" title="Tabel (database)">tabel</a> · <a href="/wiki/Relatie" title="Relatie">relatie</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=View_(database)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="View (database) (de pagina bestaat niet)">view</a> · <a href="/wiki/Transactie_(dataopslag)" title="Transactie (dataopslag)">transactie</a> · <a href="/wiki/Trigger" title="Trigger">trigger</a> · <a href="/wiki/Index_(database)" title="Index (database)">index</a> · <a href="/wiki/Opgeslagen_procedure" title="Opgeslagen procedure">opgeslagen procedure</a> · <a href="/wiki/Cursor" title="Cursor">cursor</a> · <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partitie_(database)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partitie (database) (de pagina bestaat niet)">partitie</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a>:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Select_(SQL)" title="Select (SQL)">Select</a> · <a href="/wiki/Insert_(SQL)" title="Insert (SQL)">Insert</a> · <a href="/wiki/Update_(SQL)" title="Update (SQL)">Update</a> · <a href="/wiki/Merge_(SQL)" title="Merge (SQL)">Merge</a> · <a href="/wiki/Delete_(SQL)" title="Delete (SQL)">Delete</a> · <a href="/wiki/From_(SQL)" title="From (SQL)">From</a> · <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Join</a> · <a href="/wiki/Union_(SQL)" title="Union (SQL)">Union</a> · <a href="/wiki/Create_(SQL)" title="Create (SQL)">Create</a> · <a href="/wiki/Drop_(SQL)" title="Drop (SQL)">Drop</a> · <a href="/wiki/Commit" title="Commit">Commit</a> · <a href="/wiki/Rollback_(dataopslag)" title="Rollback (dataopslag)">Rollback</a> · <a href="/wiki/Truncate_(SQL)" title="Truncate (SQL)">Truncate</a> · <a href="/wiki/Alter_(SQL)" title="Alter (SQL)">Alter</a> · <a href="/wiki/Where_(SQL)" title="Where (SQL)">Where</a> · <a href="/wiki/Data_definition_language" title="Data definition language">DDL</a> · <a href="/wiki/Data_manipulation_language" title="Data manipulation language">DML</a> · <a href="/wiki/Data_control_language" title="Data control language">DCL</a></td></tr><tr><td class="links"><b>Producten:</b></td><td class="rechts"><a href="/wiki/Lijst_van_relationele_databases" title="Lijst van relationele databases">relationele databases</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </div></div> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <div 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