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cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Government and politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_recognition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_recognition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>International recognition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_recognition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Foreign relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Judiciary" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Judiciary"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Judiciary</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Judiciary-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Military</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physical_geography_and_geology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physical_geography_and_geology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Physical geography and geology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physical_geography_and_geology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate_change" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate_change"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Climate change</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate_change-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biodiversity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biodiversity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Biodiversity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biodiversity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Administrative divisions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Economy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Development" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Development"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Development</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Development-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Tourism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Demographics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Emigration_and_immigration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emigration_and_immigration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Emigration and immigration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emigration_and_immigration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Health</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Science_and_technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Science_and_technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Science and technology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Science_and_technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Crime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Dance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cinema" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cinema"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Cinema</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cinema-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Cuisine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-International_airports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_airports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2.1</span> <span>International airports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_airports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aerial_drones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aerial_drones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.3</span> <span>Aerial drones</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aerial_drones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cape Verde</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 238 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-238" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">238 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaap_Verde" title="Kaap Verde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Kaap Verde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%AB%E1%89%A6_%E1%89%A8%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B4" title="ካቦ ቨርዴ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ካቦ ቨርዴ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Anarâškielâ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="केप वर्डे – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="केप वर्डे" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C4%93nen%C3%A6s_%C4%AAega" title="Grēnenæs Īega – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Grēnenæs Īega" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B6%D8%B1" title="الرأس الأخضر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="الرأس الأخضر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chavon-V%C3%A8rd" title="Chavon-Vèrd – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Chavon-Vèrd" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabu_Verde" title="Cabu Verde – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cabu Verde" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A1vo_V%C3%A9yde" title="Kávo Véyde – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Kávo Véyde" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kabo-Verde" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کئیپ ورد – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کئیپ ورد" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjung_Gadang" title="Tanjung Gadang – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tanjung Gadang" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verdi" title="Kap Verdi – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="Kap Verdi" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bamanankan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87" title="কেপ ভার্দে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কেপ ভার্দে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjung_Verde" title="Tanjung Verde – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tanjung Verde" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Каба-Вердэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Каба-Вердэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0-%D0%92%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Каба-Вэрдэ – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Каба-Вэрдэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="केप वर्डे – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="केप वर्डे" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_nin_Berde" title="Kabo nin Berde – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kabo nin Berde" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kep_Ved" title="Kep Ved – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kep Ved" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bislama</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо Верде – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кабо Верде" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%81%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཁེབ་ཝར་ཌི། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཁེབ་ཝར་ཌི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenortska_Ostrva" title="Zelenortska Ostrva – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Zelenortska Ostrva" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kab_Glas" title="Kab Glas – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kab Glas" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Verd" title="Cap Verd – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cap Verd" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо Верде – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Кабо Верде" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapverdy" title="Kapverdy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kapverdy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chavacano de Zamboanga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ny mw-list-item"><a href="https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Nyanja" lang="ny" hreflang="ny" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Chi-Chewa" data-language-local-name="Nyanja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Chi-Chewa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabho_Vherite" title="Kabho Vherite – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Kabho Vherite" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capu_Verde" title="Capu Verde – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Capu Verde" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%DA%A4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%8A" title="كابو ڤيردي – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كابو ڤيردي" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AD%DE%95%DE%B0_%DE%88%DE%A7%DE%91%DE%AD" title="ކޭޕް ވާޑޭ – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކޭޕް ވާޑޭ" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="केप भर्डे – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="केप भर्डे" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roheneemesaared" title="Roheneemesaared – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Roheneemesaared" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF_%CE%91%CE%BA%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%AE%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Πράσινο Ακρωτήριο – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πράσινο Ακρωτήριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboverdo" title="Kaboverdo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kaboverdo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabu_Verdi" title="Cabu Verdi – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cabu Verdi" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eʋegbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کیپ ورد – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کیپ ورد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap-Vert" title="Cap-Vert – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cap-Vert" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaapverdje" title="Kaapverdje – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kaapverdje" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_Werde" title="Kapu Werde – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kapu Werde" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Rheynn_Ghlass" title="Yn Rheynn Ghlass – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Rheynn Ghlass" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Verde" title="Kabo Verde – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Kabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagauz</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B9%B4%EB%B3%B4%EB%B2%A0%EB%A5%B4%EB%8D%B0" title="카보베르데 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="카보베르데" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%B8_%D5%8E%D5%A5%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5" title="Կաբո Վերդե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կաբո Վերդե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87" title="केप वर्दे – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केप वर्दे" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenortska_Republika" title="Zelenortska Republika – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zelenortska Republika" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Verda" title="Kabo Verda – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kabo Verda" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6" title="কেপ ভের্দ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="কেপ ভের্দ" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjung_Verde" title="Tanjung Verde – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tanjung Verde" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_Verde" title="Capo Verde – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Capo Verde" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Verd" title="Cap Verd – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cap Verd" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su%C5%8Baaqtuq_Uligaaq" title="Suŋaaqtuq Uligaaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Suŋaaqtuq Uligaaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IKhepi_Vedhi" title="IKhepi Vedhi – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="IKhepi Vedhi" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nh%C3%B6f%C3%B0aeyjar" title="Grænhöfðaeyjar – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Grænhöfðaeyjar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_Verde" title="Capo Verde – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Capo Verde" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A3_%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%94" title="כף ורדה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כף ורדה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pongol_Verd%C3%A9" title="Pongol Verdé – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Pongol Verdé" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap%CA%8Av%C9%9B%C9%9Br%C9%A9" title="Kapʊvɛɛrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kapʊvɛɛrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A6%E0%B3%86" title="ಕೇಪ್ ವೆರ್ದೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೇಪ್ ವೆರ್ದೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboberdi" title="Kaboberdi – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kaboberdi" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="კაბო-ვერდე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კაბო-ვერდე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repoblek_Cabo_Verde" title="Repoblek Cabo Verde – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Repoblek Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapu_Veri" title="Kapu Veri – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Kapu Veri" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboverdea" title="Kaboverdea – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kaboverdea" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_V%C3%A8" title="Kap Vè – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kap Vè" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap-V%C3%A8r" title="Kap-Vèr – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kap-Vèr" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_V%C3%ABrt" title="Cap Vërt – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cap Vërt" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Vedre" title="Kabo Vedre – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kabo Vedre" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%9A%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%81" title="ປະເທດກັບແວກ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດກັບແວກ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Res_publica_Capitis_Viridis" title="Res publica Capitis Viridis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Res publica Capitis Viridis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaboverde" title="Kaboverde – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kaboverde" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Vert" title="Cap Vert – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Cap Vert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaliasis_Ky%C5%A1ulys" title="Žaliasis Kyšulys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žaliasis Kyšulys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavo_Verde" title="Cavo Verde – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Cavo Verde" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaapverdi%C3%AB" title="Kaapverdië – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Kaapverdië" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap-Vert" title="Cap-Vert – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Cap-Vert" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capo_Verde" title="Capo Verde – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Capo Verde" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Verde" title="Kabo Verde – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="Ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Verd" title="Cap Verd – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cap Verd" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%B6ld-foki_K%C3%B6zt%C3%A1rsas%C3%A1g" title="Zöld-foki Köztársaság – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zöld-foki Köztársaság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD_%E2%80%99%D0%A0%D1%82" title="Зелен ’Рт – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зелен ’Рт" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapvera" title="Kapvera – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kapvera" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="കേപ്പ് വേർഡ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കേപ്പ് വേർഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%93pa_Weriti" title="Kēpa Weriti – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Kēpa Weriti" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%87" title="केप व्हर्दे – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="केप व्हर्दे" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D-%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%94" title="კაბო-ვერდე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="კაბო-ვერდე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7" title="كابو فيردا – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كابو فيردا" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کیپ ورد – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کیپ ورد" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjung_Verde" title="Tanjung Verde – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tanjung Verde" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3_%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4" title="ꯀꯦꯕꯣ ꯚꯔꯗꯤ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯀꯦꯕꯣ ꯚꯔꯗꯤ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjuang_Verde" title="Tanjuang Verde – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tanjuang Verde" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Berde" title="Cabo Berde – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cabo Berde" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%8D" title="Кабо-Вердэ – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кабо-Вердэ" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%AD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%97%E1%80%AC%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="ကိတ်ဗာဒီနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ကိတ်ဗာဒီနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcm mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaep_Verde" title="Kaep Verde – Nigerian Pidgin" lang="pcm" hreflang="pcm" data-title="Kaep Verde" data-language-autonym="Naijá" data-language-local-name="Nigerian Pidgin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Naijá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaapverdi%C3%AB" title="Kaapverdië – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Kaapverdië" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaapverdie" title="Kaapverdie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Kaapverdie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1" title="केप भर्ड – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="केप भर्ड" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%87" title="केप भर्डे – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="केप भर्डे" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9C%E3%83%99%E3%83%AB%E3%83%87" title="カーボベルデ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="カーボベルデ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9C%DF%99%DF%8B%DF%9E%DF%8E%DF%B2%DF%AB_%DF%9D%DF%99%DF%8C%DF%9B%DF%8C" title="ߜߙߋߞߎ߲߫ ߝߙߌߛߌ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߜߙߋߞߎ߲߫ ߝߙߌߛߌ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ߒߞߏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapwerden" title="Kapwerden – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Kapwerden" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapp_Verde" title="Kapp Verde – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kapp Verde" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapp_Verde" title="Kapp Verde – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kapp Verde" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A8rt_Cap" title="Vèrt Cap – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Vèrt Cap" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabe_Verdi" title="Kabe Verdi – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kabe Verdi" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Verd" title="Cap Verd – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cap Verd" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AA_%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%B0%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A1" title="କେପ ଭର୍ଡ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କେପ ଭର୍ଡ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keeppi_Verdee" title="Keeppi Verdee – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Keeppi Verdee" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Kabo-Verde" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%AA_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87" title="ਕੇਪ ਵਰਦੇ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਕੇਪ ਵਰਦੇ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="केप वर्डी – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="केप वर्डी" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="کیپ وردی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیپ وردی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Verde" title="Kabo Verde – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8A%D9%BE_%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%89" title="کيپ ورډ – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="کيپ ورډ" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiep_Voerdi" title="Kiep Voerdi – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kiep Voerdi" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Verd" title="Cap Verd – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cap Verd" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_Zielonego_Przyl%C4%85dka" title="Republika Zielonego Przylądka – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Republika Zielonego Przylądka" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo-Verde" title="Kabo-Verde – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Kabo-Verde" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Verde" title="Kabo Verde – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Kabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republica_Capului_Verde" title="Republica Capului Verde – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Republica Capului Verde" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap_Verd" title="Cap Verd – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Cap Verd" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%27umir_Kawu" title="Q'umir Kawu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Q'umir Kawu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо Верде – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Кабо Верде" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gagana Samoa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%80" title="केप वर्डी – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="केप वर्डी" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sg mw-list-item"><a href="https://sg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Az%C3%BB%C3%A2_t%C3%AE_K%C3%A2po-V%C3%AAre" title="Azûâ tî Kâpo-Vêre – Sango" lang="sg" hreflang="sg" data-title="Azûâ tî Kâpo-Vêre" data-language-autonym="Sängö" data-language-local-name="Sango" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sängö</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AF_%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%AE" title="ᱠᱮᱯ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱰᱮ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱮᱯ ᱵᱷᱟᱨᱰᱮ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabu_Birde" title="Cabu Birde – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cabu Birde" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Southern Sotho" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Southern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho sa Leboa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepi_i_Gjelb%C3%ABr" title="Kepi i Gjelbër – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Kepi i Gjelbër" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capu_Virdi" title="Capu Virdi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Capu Virdi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A9%E0%B7%8A" title="කේප් වර්ඩ් – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කේප් වර්ඩ්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%D9%BE_%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%8A%D9%8A" title="ڪيپ ورڊي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيپ ورڊي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sihlenge_Lesiluhlata" title="Sihlenge Lesiluhlata – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Sihlenge Lesiluhlata" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapverdy" title="Kapverdy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kapverdy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenortski_otoki" title="Zelenortski otoki – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Zelenortski otoki" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republika_%C5%B9el%C5%AFnygo_Przil%C5%AFndka" title="Republika Źelůnygo Przilůndka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Republika Źelůnygo Przilůndka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kab_Ferde" title="Kab Ferde – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Kab Ferde" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%95%DB%8C%D9%BE%DA%A4%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="کەیپڤەرد – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کەیپڤەرد" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Зеленортска Острва – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Зеленортска Острва" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelenortska_Ostrva" title="Zelenortska Ostrva – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zelenortska Ostrva" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjung_Verd%C3%A9" title="Tanjung Verdé – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tanjung Verdé" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Verde" title="Kap Verde – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kap Verde" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF" title="கேப் வர்டி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கேப் வர்டி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3f_azgzaw" title="Iɣf azgzaw – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Iɣf azgzaw" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C9%A3ef_Azegzaw" title="Iɣef Azegzaw – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Iɣef Azegzaw" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%81%B6%E1%80%B5%E1%80%95%E1%80%BA%E1%82%89%E1%80%9D%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းၶဵပ်ႉဝႄႇတီႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းၶဵပ်ႉဝႄႇတီႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A6%E0%B1%86" title="కేప్ వర్దె – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="కేప్ వర్దె" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabuverde" title="Kabuverde – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Kabuverde" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="ประเทศกาบูเวร์ดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศกาบูเวร์ดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B7" title="Димоғаи Сабз – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Димоғаи Сабз" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A2%E1%8E%AC%E1%8E%BE%E1%8F%95%E1%8E%BE_%E1%8E%A2%E1%8F%A4%E1%8F%B3%E1%8F%8D%E1%8F%97" title="ᎢᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎢᏤᏳᏍᏗ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎢᎬᎾᏕᎾ ᎢᏤᏳᏍᏗ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ye%C5%9Fil_Burun_Adalar%C4%B1" title="Yeşil Burun Adaları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yeşil Burun Adaları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo-Werde" title="Kabo-Werde – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Kabo-Werde" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B5" title="Кабо-Верде – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кабо-Верде" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%BE_%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%88%DB%8C" title="کیپ ورڈی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیپ ورڈی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%90%D8%B4%D9%89%D9%84_%D8%AA%DB%87%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%87%D9%82_%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%89%D8%B1%D9%89" title="يېشىل تۇمشۇق ئاراللىرى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="يېشىل تۇمشۇق ئاراللىرى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cao_Verdo" title="Cao Verdo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cao Verdo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Verde" title="Kabo Verde – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabov%C3%A4rdu%C3%A4ns" title="Kabovärduäns – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Kabovärduäns" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cap-Vert" title="Cap-Vert – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Cap-Vert" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%BE%B7%E8%A7%92" title="維德角 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="維德角" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" title="Cabo Verde – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Cabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kap_Weert" title="Kap Weert – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Kap Weert" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92" title="佛得角 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="佛得角" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="Cape Verde – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Cape Verde" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%A2_%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%96%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9F" title="קאפווערדישע אינזלען – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קאפווערדישע אינזלען" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepu_Ferde" title="Kepu Ferde – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Kepu Ferde" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B6%AD%E5%BE%B7%E8%A7%92" title="維德角 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="維德角" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Verde" title="Kabo Verde – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Kabo Verde" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaopverdi%C3%AB" title="Kaopverdië – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Kaopverdië" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaliuoj%C4%97_%C4%96%C5%A1k%C4%AB%C5%A1ol%C4%97_Respobl%C4%97ka" title="Žaliuojė Ėškīšolė Respoblėka – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žaliuojė Ėškīšolė Respoblėka" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BD%9B%E5%BE%97%E8%A7%92" title="佛得角 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="佛得角" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabo_Vede" title="Kabo Vede – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Kabo Vede" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Obolo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanjung_Ijo" title="Tanjung Ijo – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tanjung Ijo" data-language-autonym="Betawi" 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lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵉⵅⴼ ⴰⵣⴳⵣⴰⵡ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1011#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde" title="View the content page [c]" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cape_Verde&params=15.3_N_23.7_W_type:country_region:CV"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">23°42′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.3°N 23.7°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.3; -23.7</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island country in West Africa</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the African country. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cape Verde (disambiguation)">Cape Verde (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Cabo Verde" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Cabo_Verde_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Cabo Verde (disambiguation)">Cabo Verde (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of Cabo Verde</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">República de Cabo Verde</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Cape Verde"><img alt="Flag of Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/125px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/188px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg/250px-Flag_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cape_Verde" title="Flag of Cape Verde">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_Cape_Verde.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of Cape Verde"><img alt="Emblem of Cape Verde" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Coat_of_arms_of_Cape_Verde.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Coat_of_arms_of_Cape_Verde.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Coat_of_arms_of_Cape_Verde.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_Cape_Verde.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="602" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Emblem of Cape Verde"> Emblem</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Unidade, Trabalho, Progresso</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(Portuguese)</span></li><li>(English: <span lang="en">"Unity, Work, Progress"</span>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A2ntico_da_Liberdade" title="Cântico da Liberdade">Cântico da Liberdade</a></i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(Portuguese)</span><br />(English: <span lang="en">"Chant of Freedom"</span>)<div style="padding-top:0.5em;" class="center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="72" data-mwtitle="Cântico_da_Liberdade_(instrumental).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/C%C3%A2ntico_da_Liberdade_%28instrumental%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b6/C%C3%A2ntico_da_Liberdade_%28instrumental%29.ogg/C%C3%A2ntico_da_Liberdade_%28instrumental%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Verde_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape_Verde_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/220px-Cape_Verde_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape_Verde_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/330px-Cape_Verde_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape_Verde_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/440px-Cape_Verde_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="553" data-file-height="553" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none" data-switcher-default="">Show globe</span></div><div><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Location_Cape_Verde_AU_Africa.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Location_Cape_Verde_AU_Africa.svg/250px-Location_Cape_Verde_AU_Africa.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Location_Cape_Verde_AU_Africa.svg/375px-Location_Cape_Verde_AU_Africa.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Location_Cape_Verde_AU_Africa.svg/500px-Location_Cape_Verde_AU_Africa.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1300" /></a></span><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Africa</span></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cape_Verde&params=14_54_59_N_23_30_34_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">14°54′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">23°30′34″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">14.91639°N 23.50944°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">14.91639; -23.50944</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Portuguese" title="Cape Verdean Portuguese">Portuguese</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="ib-country-lang">Recognised national languages</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Creole" title="Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</a><sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2021)</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li style="white-space;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>81.7% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>72.5% <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a></li> <li>9.2% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li style="white-space;">15.6% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">no religion</a></li><li style="white-space;">1.3% <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a></li><li style="white-space;">1.2% others<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdeans" title="Cape Verdeans">Cape Verdean</a> or Cabo Verdean<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cape_Verde" title="Politics of Cape Verde">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential republic</a><sup id="cite_ref-SpL_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpL-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Cape Verde">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">José Maria Neves</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">Prime Minister</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Ulisses Correia e Silva</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cape_Verde)" title="National Assembly (Cape Verde)">National Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Independence <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">from <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></span></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Granted </div></th><td class="infobox-data">5 July 1975</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cape_Verde" title="Geography of Cape Verde">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">4,033 km<sup>2</sup> (1,557 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">166th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">negligible</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cape_Verde" title="Demographics of Cape Verde">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2022 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">593,149<sup id="cite_ref-totpop_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-totpop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">172nd</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">147.1/km<sup>2</sup> (381.0/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">89th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $5.717 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.CV_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.CV-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">170th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $9,909<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.CV_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.CV-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">125th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(nominal)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2023 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $2.598 billion<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.CV_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.CV-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">181st</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> $4,502<sup id="cite_ref-IMFWEO.CV_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.CV-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">117th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2015)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Positive decrease"><img alt="Positive decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/11px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/17px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Decrease_Positive.svg/22px-Decrease_Positive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 42.4<sup id="cite_ref-gini-index_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gini-index-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#707070">medium inequality</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(2022)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.661<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:orange">medium</span></span> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">131st</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_escudo" title="Cape Verdean escudo">Cape Verdean escudo</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">CVE</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>–1</span> (<a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_Time" title="Cape Verde Time">CVT</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date format</th><td class="infobox-data">dd/mm/yyyy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:CV" title="ISO 3166-2:CV">CV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.cv" title=".cv">.cv</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Cape Verde</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>(<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>)/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/8\/8c\/En-Cape_Verde.ogg\/En-Cape_Verde.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-Cape Verde.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/8c/En-Cape_Verde.ogg/En-Cape_Verde.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Cape_Verde.ogg" title="File:En-Cape Verde.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">VURD(</span>-ee)</i></a>) or <b>Cabo Verde</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'v' in 'vie'">v</span><span title="/ɜːr/: 'ur' in 'fur'">ɜːr</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/9\/91\/En-Cabo_Verde-pronunciation.ogg\/En-Cabo_Verde-pronunciation.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-Cabo Verde-pronunciation.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/91/En-Cabo_Verde-pronunciation.ogg/En-Cabo_Verde-pronunciation.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-Cabo_Verde-pronunciation.ogg" title="File:En-Cabo Verde-pronunciation.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KAH</span>-boh <span style="font-size:90%">VUR</span>-day</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span><span class="wrap"> </span>-/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KAB</span>-oh -⁠</i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">local Portuguese:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="pt-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Portuguese" title="Help:IPA/Portuguese">[ˈkabu<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈveɾdɨ]</a></span>), officially the <b>Republic of Cabo Verde</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Island_country" title="Island country">island country</a> and <a href="/wiki/Archipelagic_state" title="Archipelagic state">archipelagic state</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a> in the central Atlantic Ocean, consisting of ten <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic islands</a> with a combined land area of about 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-NameNatGeo_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NameNatGeo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These islands lie between 600 and 850 kilometres (320 and 460 nautical miles) west of <a href="/wiki/Cap-Vert" title="Cap-Vert">Cap-Vert</a>, the westernmost point of continental Africa. The <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Cape Verde">Cape Verde islands</a> form part of the <a href="/wiki/Macaronesia" title="Macaronesia">Macaronesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a>, along with the <a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Savage_Isles" class="mw-redirect" title="Savage Isles">Savage Isles</a>. </p><p>The Cape Verde <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> was uninhabited until the 15th century, when <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese</a> explorers discovered and <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colonized</a> the islands, thus establishing the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">first European settlement</a> in the tropics. Because the Cape Verde islands were conveniently located to play a role in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>, Cape Verde became economically prosperous during the 16th and 17th centuries, attracting merchants, <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Piracy" title="Piracy">pirates</a>. It declined economically in the 19th century after the suppression of the Atlantic slave trade by the British Empire, and many of its inhabitants emigrated during that period. However, Cape Verde gradually recovered economically by becoming an important commercial center and useful stopover point along major shipping routes. Cape Verde became independent in 1975. </p><p>Since the early 1990s, Cape Verde has been a stable <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democracy</a> and has remained one of the most developed and democratic countries in Africa. Lacking natural resources, its developing economy is mostly service-oriented, with a growing focus on <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> and foreign investment. Its population of around 596,000 (as of 2022) is of mostly of <a href="/wiki/Sub-Saharan_Africa" title="Sub-Saharan Africa">Sub-Saharan African</a> and minor European heritage, and predominantly <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a>, reflecting the legacy of Portuguese rule. A sizeable <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_diaspora" title="Cape Verdean diaspora">Cape Verdean diaspora</a> community exists across the world, especially in the United States and Portugal, considerably outnumbering the inhabitants on the islands. Cape Verde is a member state of the <a href="/wiki/African_Union" title="African Union">African Union</a>. </p><p>Cape Verde's official language is Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-:02_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:02-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The recognized national language is <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Creole" title="Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</a>, which is spoken by the vast majority of the population. As of the 2021 census the most populated islands were <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a>, where the capital Praia is located (269,370), <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a> (74,016), <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%A3o,_Cape_Verde" title="Santo Antão, Cape Verde">Santo Antão</a> (36,632), <a href="/wiki/Fogo,_Cape_Verde" title="Fogo, Cape Verde">Fogo</a> (33,519) and <a href="/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde" title="Sal, Cape Verde">Sal</a> (33,347). The largest cities are <a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a> (137,868), <a href="/wiki/Mindelo" title="Mindelo">Mindelo</a> (69,013), <a href="/wiki/Espargos" title="Espargos">Espargos</a> (24,500) and <a href="/wiki/Assomada" title="Assomada">Assomada</a> (21,297).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The country is named after the <a href="/wiki/Cap-Vert" title="Cap-Vert">Cap-Vert</a> peninsula, on the <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegalese</a> coast.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name <i>Cap-Vert</i>, in turn, comes from the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a> <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Cabo Verde</i></span> ('green cape'), the name that Portuguese explorers gave the cape in 1444, a few years before they came across the islands. </p><p>On 24 October 2013, the country's delegation to the United Nations informed it that other countries should no longer use <i>Cape Verde</i> or any other translations of <i>Cabo Verde</i> as part of its official name: all countries should use <i>Republic of Cabo Verde</i> as the country's official name.<sup id="cite_ref-NameNatGeo_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NameNatGeo-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speakers of English have used the name <i>Cape Verde</i> for the archipelago and, since independence in 1975, for the country. In 2013, the Cape Verdean government determined that it would thenceforth use the Portuguese name <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Cabo Verde</i></span> for official purposes, including at the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, even when speaking or writing in English. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Cape_Verde" title="History of Cape Verde">History of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Insulae_Capitis_viridis-1598.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Insulae_Capitis_viridis-1598.jpg/250px-Insulae_Capitis_viridis-1598.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Insulae_Capitis_viridis-1598.jpg/375px-Insulae_Capitis_viridis-1598.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Insulae_Capitis_viridis-1598.jpg/500px-Insulae_Capitis_viridis-1598.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption><i>Insulae Capitis Viridis</i> (1598), showing Cape Verde</figcaption></figure> <p>The archipelago of modern-day Cape Verde was formed approximately 40–50 million years ago during the <a href="/wiki/Eocene" title="Eocene">Eocene</a> era. </p><p>Before the arrival of Europeans, the Cape Verde Islands were uninhabited.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were discovered by <a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoese</a> and Portuguese <a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">navigators</a> around 1456. According to Portuguese official records,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the first discoveries were made by Genoa-born <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_de_Noli" title="António de Noli">António de Noli</a>, who was afterwards appointed governor of Cape Verde by the Portuguese king <a href="/wiki/Afonso_V_of_Portugal" title="Afonso V of Portugal">Afonso V</a>. Other navigators mentioned as contributing to discoveries on the Cape Verde archipelago are <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Dias" title="Diogo Dias">Diogo Dias</a>, Diogo Afonso, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Venetian</a> <a href="/wiki/Alvise_Cadamosto" title="Alvise Cadamosto">Alvise Cadamosto</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Diogo_Gomes" title="Diogo Gomes">Diogo Gomes</a> (who had accompanied António de Noli on his voyage of discovery, and who claimed to have been the first to land on the Cape Verdean island of Santiago, and the first to name that island). </p><p>In 1462, Portuguese settlers arrived at <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a> and founded a settlement they called Ribeira Grande. Today it is called <a href="/wiki/Cidade_Velha" title="Cidade Velha">Cidade Velha</a> ("Old City"), to distinguish it from a town of the same name on a different Cape Verdean island (<a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Grande,_Cape_Verde" title="Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde">Ribeira Grande</a> on the island of <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%A3o,_Cape_Verde" title="Santo Antão, Cape Verde">Santo Antão</a>). The original Ribeira Grande was the first permanent European settlement in the <a href="/wiki/Tropics" title="Tropics">tropics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mindelo-MontCara2000.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mindelo-MontCara2000.jpg/250px-Mindelo-MontCara2000.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mindelo-MontCara2000.jpg/375px-Mindelo-MontCara2000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Mindelo-MontCara2000.jpg/500px-Mindelo-MontCara2000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3112" data-file-height="1378" /></a><figcaption>A view of <a href="/wiki/Monte_Cara" title="Monte Cara">Monte Cara</a> from <a href="/wiki/Mindelo" title="Mindelo">Mindelo</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 16th century, the archipelago prospered from the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pirates occasionally attacked the Portuguese settlements. <a href="/wiki/Francis_Drake" title="Francis Drake">Francis Drake</a>, an English <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">privateer</a>, twice sacked the (then) capital Ribeira Grande in 1585 when it was a part of the <a href="/wiki/Iberian_Union" title="Iberian Union">Iberian Union</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a French attack in 1712, the town declined in importance relative to nearby <a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a>, which became the capital in 1770.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The decline in the slave trade in the 19th century resulted in an economic crisis. Cape Verde's early prosperity slowly vanished. However, the islands' position astride mid-Atlantic shipping lanes made Cape Verde an ideal location for re-supplying ships. Because of its excellent harbour, the city of <a href="/wiki/Mindelo" title="Mindelo">Mindelo</a>, located on the island of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a>, became an important commercial centre during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diplomat <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Roberts_(diplomat)" title="Edmund Roberts (diplomat)">Edmund Roberts</a> visited Cape Verde in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cape Verde was the first stop of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a>'s voyage with <a href="/wiki/HMS_Beagle" title="HMS Beagle">HMS <i>Beagle</i></a> in 1832.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Garthpool_SLV_AllanGreen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Garthpool_SLV_AllanGreen.jpg/250px-Garthpool_SLV_AllanGreen.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Garthpool_SLV_AllanGreen.jpg/375px-Garthpool_SLV_AllanGreen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Garthpool_SLV_AllanGreen.jpg/500px-Garthpool_SLV_AllanGreen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="553" /></a><figcaption>Grain ship <i><a href="/wiki/Garthpool_(barque)" title="Garthpool (barque)">Garthpool</a></i>, wrecked at Boavista, Cape Verde, in 1928</figcaption></figure> <p>With few natural resources and inadequate sustainable investment from the Portuguese, the citizens grew increasingly discontented with the colonial masters, who refused to provide the local authorities with more autonomy. In 1951, Portugal changed Cape Verde's status from a colony to an overseas province in an attempt to blunt growing <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral">Amílcar Cabral</a> and a group of fellow Cape Verdeans and Guineans organized (in <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a>) the clandestine <a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde">African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde</a> (PAIGC).<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It demanded improvement in economic, social and political conditions in Cape Verde and Portuguese Guinea and formed the basis of the two nations' independence movement. Moving its headquarters to <a href="/wiki/Conakry" title="Conakry">Conakry</a>, Guinea in 1960, the PAIGC began an armed rebellion against Portugal in 1961. Acts of sabotage eventually grew into a <a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau_War_of_Independence" title="Guinea-Bissau War of Independence">war in Portuguese Guinea</a> that pitted 10,000 <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Soviet Bloc</a>-supported PAIGC soldiers against 35,000 Portuguese and African troops.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1972, the PAIGC controlled much of Portuguese Guinea despite the presence of the Portuguese troops, but the organization did not attempt to disrupt Portuguese control in Cape Verde. Portuguese Guinea declared independence in 1973 and was granted <a href="/wiki/De_jure" title="De jure">de jure</a> independence in 1974. A budding independence movement — originally led by <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral" title="Amílcar Cabral">Amílcar Cabral</a>, assassinated in 1973 — passed on to his half-brother <a href="/wiki/Lu%C3%ADs_Cabral" title="Luís Cabral">Luís Cabral</a> and culminated in independence for the archipelago in 1975. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_(1975)"><span id="Independence_.281975.29"></span>Independence (1975)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Independence (1975)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the <a href="/wiki/Carnation_Revolution" title="Carnation Revolution">April 1974 revolution in Portugal</a>, the PAIGC became an active political movement in Cape Verde. In December 1974, the PAIGC and Portugal signed an agreement providing for a transitional government composed of Portuguese and Cape Verdeans. On 30 June 1975, Cape Verdeans elected a National Assembly which received the instruments of independence from Portugal on 5 July 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Immediately following the <a href="/wiki/1980_Guinea-Bissau_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1980 Guinea-Bissau coup d'état">November 1980 coup in Guinea-Bissau</a>, relations between Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau became strained. Cape Verde abandoned its hope for unity with Guinea-Bissau and formed the <a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde">African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde</a> (PAICV). Problems have since been resolved and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93Guinea-Bissau_relations" title="Cape Verde–Guinea-Bissau relations">relations between the countries</a> are good. The PAICV and its predecessor established a one-party system and ruled Cape Verde from independence until 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Responding to growing pressure for pluralistic democracy, the PAICV called an emergency congress in February 1990 to discuss proposed constitutional changes to end one-party rule. Opposition groups came together to form the <a href="/wiki/Movement_for_Democracy_(Cape_Verde)" title="Movement for Democracy (Cape Verde)">Movement for Democracy</a> (MpD) in Praia in April 1990. The one-party state was abolished on 28 September 1990, and the first multi-party elections were held in January 1991. The MpD won a majority of the seats in the National Assembly, and MpD presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Mascarenhas_Monteiro" title="António Mascarenhas Monteiro">António Mascarenhas Monteiro</a> defeated the PAICV's candidate with 73.5% of the votes.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Legislative elections in December 1995 increased the MpD majority in the National Assembly. </p><p>A February 1996 presidential election returned President Monteiro to office. Legislative elections in January 2001 returned power to the PAICV, with the PAICV holding 40 of the National Assembly seats, MpD 30, and <a href="/wiki/Party_for_Democratic_Convergence" class="mw-redirect" title="Party for Democratic Convergence">Party for Democratic Convergence</a> (PCD) and <a href="/wiki/Labour_and_Solidarity_Party" title="Labour and Solidarity Party">Labour and Solidarity Party</a> (PTS) 1 each. In February 2001, the PAICV-supported presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pires" title="Pedro Pires">Pedro Pires</a> defeated former MpD leader <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Veiga" title="Carlos Veiga">Carlos Veiga</a> by only 13 votes.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> President Pedro Pires was narrowly re-elected in 2006 <a href="/wiki/2006_Cape_Verdean_presidential_election" title="2006 Cape Verdean presidential election">elections</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>President <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca" title="Jorge Carlos Fonseca">Jorge Carlos Fonseca</a> led the country after the <a href="/wiki/2011_Cape_Verdean_presidential_election" title="2011 Cape Verdean presidential election">2011 Cape Verde presidential election</a> and he was re-elected in the <a href="/wiki/2016_Cape_Verdean_presidential_election" title="2016 Cape Verdean presidential election">2016 election</a>. He was supported by the Movement for Democracy Party.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MpD also won in the 2016 parliamentary <a href="/wiki/2016_Cape_Verdean_parliamentary_election" title="2016 Cape Verdean parliamentary election">elections</a>, taking back parliamentary majority after 15 year-rule of African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV).<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In April 2021, the ruling center-right Movement for Democracy (MpD) of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Ulisses_Correia_e_Silva" title="Ulisses Correia e Silva">Ulisses Correia e Silva</a> won the parliamentary <a href="/wiki/2021_Cape_Verdean_parliamentary_election" title="2021 Cape Verdean parliamentary election">election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2021, opposition candidate and former prime minister, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Maria_Neves" title="José Maria Neves">Jose Maria Neves</a> of PAICV, won Cape Verde's presidential election.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 9 November 2021, Jose Maria Neves was sworn in as the new <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Cape Verde">President of Cape Verde</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 2 February 2024, Cape Verde became the third African country to be free of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Government and politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cape_Verde" title="Politics of Cape Verde">Politics of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca_with_Obamas_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca_with_Obamas_2014.jpg/220px-Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca_with_Obamas_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca_with_Obamas_2014.jpg/330px-Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca_with_Obamas_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca_with_Obamas_2014.jpg/440px-Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca_with_Obamas_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3960" data-file-height="2640" /></a><figcaption>Cape Verdean President <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Carlos_Fonseca" title="Jorge Carlos Fonseca">Jorge Carlos Fonseca</a> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADgia_Fonseca" title="Lígia Fonseca">Lígia Fonseca</a> meet with US President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> in 2014.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CV-praia-just-pal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/CV-praia-just-pal.jpg/220px-CV-praia-just-pal.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/CV-praia-just-pal.jpg/330px-CV-praia-just-pal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/CV-praia-just-pal.jpg/440px-CV-praia-just-pal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption><i>Palácio da Justiça</i> – Palace of Justice, in Praia</figcaption></figure> <p>Cape Verde is a stable <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SpL_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SpL-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-constitution_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constitution-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2020 it was the most <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Africa" title="Democracy in Africa">democratic nation in Africa</a>, ranking 2023 as 45th in the world, according to the electoral democracy score of the <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Democracy_indices" class="mw-redirect" title="V-Dem Democracy indices">V-Dem Democracy indices</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-vdem_dataset_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vdem_dataset-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The constitution – adopted in 1980 and revised in 1992, 1995 and 1999 – defines the basic principles of its government. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Cape Verde">president</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and is elected by <a href="/wiki/Direct_election" title="Direct election">popular vote</a> for a five-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">prime minister</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a> and proposes other ministers and secretaries of state. The prime minister is nominated by the <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cape_Verde)" title="National Assembly (Cape Verde)">National Assembly</a> and appointed by the president.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Members of the National Assembly are elected by popular vote for five-year terms. In 2016, three parties held seats in the National Assembly – MpD (36), PAICV (25), and the Cape Verdean Independent Democratic Union (UCID) (3).<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo.com_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two main political parties are PAICV and MpD.<sup id="cite_ref-yahoo.com_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-yahoo.com-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Movement for Democracy (MpD) ousted the ruling African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde (PAICV) for the first time in 15 years in the 2016 parliamentary election, at which time its leader, Ulisses Correia e Silva, became prime minister. Jorge Carlos Almeida Fonseca was elected president in August 2011 and re-elected in October 2016. He is also supported by the MpD.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2021, Cape Verde opened its first embassy in Nigeria.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_recognition">International recognition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: International recognition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013 then United States President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> said Cape Verde is "a real success story".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other achievements, it has been recognized with the following assessments: </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Index </th> <th>Score </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">PALOP</a> rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">CPLP</a> rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">African</a> rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">World</a> rank </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a> </td> <td>0.654 </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 75, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span> <small>(top 38%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 97.777777777778, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001100000000000000♠">10</span> <small>(top 19%)</small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_AfricaHDIA"><a href="#endnote_AfricaHDIA">[A]</a></sup> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 46.470588235294, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7002125000000000000♠">125</span> <small>(top 62%)</small> </td> <td>2017<sup id="cite_ref-HDI_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HDI-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Index_of_African_Governance" title="Ibrahim Index of African Governance">Ibrahim Index of African Governance</a> </td> <td>71.1 </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 113.33333333333, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span> <small>(top 6%)</small> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #ececec); color: var(--color-base, inherit); vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">— </td> <td>2018<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_Press_(report)" title="Freedom of the Press (report)">Freedom of the Press</a> </td> <td>27 (Free) </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 90, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span> <small>(top 25%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 117.77777777778, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 2%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 91.764705882353, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001480000000000000♠">48</span> <small>(top 24%)</small> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Freedom_in_the_World_(report)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom in the World (report)">Freedom in the World</a> </td> <td>1/1<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_HighestB"><a href="#endnote_HighestB">[B]</a></sup> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 105, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 13%)</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_MaxSharedPtC"><a href="#endnote_MaxSharedPtC">[C]</a></sup> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 117.77777777778, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 2%)</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_OnlyAfricanD"><a href="#endnote_OnlyAfricanD">[D]</a></sup> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 119.41176470588, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 1%)</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_MaxShared48E"><a href="#endnote_MaxShared48E">[E]</a></sup> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Press Freedom Index">Press Freedom Index</a> </td> <td>18.02 </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 90, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span> <small>(top 25%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 113.33333333333, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span> <small>(top 6%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 104.11764705882, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001270000000000000♠">27</span> <small>(top 14%)</small> </td> <td>2017 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Democracy_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Democracy Index">Democracy Index</a> </td> <td>7.88 <span class="nowrap">(Flawed democracy)</span> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 105, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 13%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 115.55555555556, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span> <small>(top 4%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 104.70588235294, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001260000000000000♠">26</span> <small>(top 13%)</small> </td> <td>2018 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index" title="Corruption Perceptions Index">Corruption Perceptions Index</a> </td> <td>59 </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 90, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span> <small>(top 25%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 115.55555555556, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000200000000000000♠">2</span> <small>(top 4%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 97.647058823529, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001380000000000000♠">38</span> <small>(top 19%)</small> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Economic_Freedom" title="Index of Economic Freedom">Index of Economic Freedom</a><sup id="cite_ref-IEF_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IEF-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>66.5 </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 105, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 13%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 113.33333333333, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span> <small>(top 6%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 86.470588235294, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001570000000000000♠">57</span> <small>(top 28%)</small> </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/E-Government#UN_e-Government_Development_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="E-Government">e-Government Readiness Index</a> </td> <td>0.3551 </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 75, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span> <small>(top 38%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 88.888888888889, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001140000000000000♠">14</span> <small>(top 26%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 45.294117647059, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7002127000000000000♠">127</span> <small>(top 63%)</small> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Failed_States_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by Failed States Index">Failed States Index</a> </td> <td>74.1 </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 75, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span> <small>(top 38%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 102.22222222222, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000800000000000000♠">8</span> <small>(top 15%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 65.294117647059, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001930000000000000♠">93</span> <small>(top 46%)</small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_FailedF"><a href="#endnote_FailedF">[F]</a></sup> </td> <td>2014 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Networked_Readiness_Index" title="Networked Readiness Index">Networked Readiness Index</a> </td> <td>3.8 </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 100, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000100000000000000♠">1</span> <small>(top 17%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 75, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000300000000000000♠">3</span> <small>(top 38%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 104.44444444444, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7000700000000000000♠">7</span> <small>(top 13%)</small> </td> <td style="background-color: hsl( 68.823529411765, 100%, 75%);"><span data-sort-value="7001870000000000000♠">87</span> <small>(top 43%)</small> </td> <td>2015<sup id="cite_ref-NRI_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRI-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_AfricaHDIA"><a href="#ref_AfricaHDIA"><b><sup>A</sup></b></a></span> See <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index#Africa" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">List of countries by Human Development Index § Africa</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_HighestB"><a href="#ref_HighestB"><b><sup>B</sup></b></a></span> 1/1 is the highest possible rating.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_MaxSharedPtC"><a href="#ref_MaxSharedPtC"><b><sup>C</sup></b></a></span> With the maximum score, Cape Verde shares first place with Portugal.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_OnlyAfricanD"><a href="#ref_OnlyAfricanD"><b><sup>D</sup></b></a></span> Cape Verde was the only African country to reach the maximum rating.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_MaxShared48E"><a href="#ref_MaxShared48E"><b><sup>E</sup></b></a></span> With the maximum score, Cape Verde shares first place with 48 other countries.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_FailedF"><a href="#ref_FailedF"><b><sup>F</sup></b></a></span> The rank on this list is expressed in reverse order. To be comparable with the other rankings on this table, the actual rank of 88 was inverted, by subtracting it from the number of countries on the list, currently 177.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations">Foreign relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Foreign relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cape_Verde" title="Foreign relations of Cape Verde">Foreign relations of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Verdean_embassies.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape_Verdean_embassies.PNG/250px-Cape_Verdean_embassies.PNG" decoding="async" width="250" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape_Verdean_embassies.PNG/375px-Cape_Verdean_embassies.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape_Verdean_embassies.PNG/500px-Cape_Verdean_embassies.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption>Map of countries with Cape Verdean embassies</figcaption></figure> <p>Cape Verde follows a policy of <a href="/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement" title="Non-Aligned Movement">nonalignment</a> and seeks cooperative relations with all friendly states.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Angola, Brazil, China, Libya, Cuba, France, Guinea-Bissau, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, São Tomé and Príncipe, Senegal, Russia, Luxembourg, and the United States maintain embassies in Praia.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cape Verde maintains a vigorously active foreign policy, especially in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cape Verde is a founding member state of the <a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> (CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth, an international organization and political association of <a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a> nations across four continents, where Portuguese is an official language. </p><p>Cape Verde has <a href="/wiki/Bilateralism" title="Bilateralism">bilateral relations</a> with some Lusophone nations and holds membership in a number of international organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also participates in most international conferences on economic and political issues.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2007, Cape Verde has a <i>special partnership</i> status<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a>, under the <a href="/wiki/Cotonou_Agreement" title="Cotonou Agreement">Cotonou Agreement</a>, and might apply for <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde%E2%80%93European_Union_relations#Membership" title="Cape Verde–European Union relations">special membership</a>, in particular because the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_escudo" title="Cape Verdean escudo">Cape Verdean escudo</a>, the country's currency, is indexed to the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2011 Cape Verde ratified the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017 Cape Verde signed the UN treaty on the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Judiciary">Judiciary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Judiciary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The judicial system consists of a Supreme Court of Justice – whose members are appointed by the president, the National Assembly, and the Board of the Judiciary – and regional courts. Separate courts hear civil, constitutional, and criminal cases. Appeals are to the Supreme Court.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Armed_Forces" title="Cape Verdean Armed Forces">Cape Verdean Armed Forces</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marins_du_Cap-Vert_en_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Marins_du_Cap-Vert_en_2011.jpg/220px-Marins_du_Cap-Vert_en_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Marins_du_Cap-Vert_en_2011.jpg/330px-Marins_du_Cap-Vert_en_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Marins_du_Cap-Vert_en_2011.jpg/440px-Marins_du_Cap-Vert_en_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2100" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Marines of the Cape Verdean Coast Guard</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Armed_Forces" title="Cape Verdean Armed Forces">military of Cape Verde</a> consists of the National Guard and the Coast Guard; 0.7% of the country's GDP was spent on the military in 2005. </p><p>Having fought their only battles in the war for independence against Portugal between 1974 and 1975, the efforts of the Cape Verdean armed forces have turned to combating international drug trafficking. In 2007, together with the <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cape_Verde" title="Law enforcement in Cape Verde">Cape Verdean Police</a>, they carried out Operation Flying Launch (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Operacão Lancha Voadora</i></span>), a successful operation to put an end to a drug trafficking group which smuggled cocaine from Colombia to the Netherlands and Germany using the country as a reorder point. The operation took more than three years, being a secret operation during the first two years, and ended in 2010. In 2016, Cape Verdean Armed Forces were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Monte_Tchota_massacre" title="Monte Tchota massacre">Monte Tchota massacre</a>, a green-on-green incident that resulted in 11 deaths.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cape_Verde" title="Geography of Cape Verde">Geography of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Topographic_map_of_Cape_Verde-en.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Topographic_map_of_Cape_Verde-en.svg/220px-Topographic_map_of_Cape_Verde-en.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Topographic_map_of_Cape_Verde-en.svg/330px-Topographic_map_of_Cape_Verde-en.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Topographic_map_of_Cape_Verde-en.svg/440px-Topographic_map_of_Cape_Verde-en.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1464" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">topographic map</a> of Cape Verde</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cape_Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg/220px-Cape_Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cape_Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg/330px-Cape_Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/Cape_Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg/440px-Cape_Verde.2010-11-23.250m-per-px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>A satellite photo of the Cape Verde islands, 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cape Verde archipelago is in the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 570 kilometres (350 mi) off the western coast of the African continent, near Senegal, The Gambia, and <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> as well as part of the <a href="/wiki/Macaronesia" title="Macaronesia">Macaronesia</a> <a href="/wiki/Ecoregion" title="Ecoregion">ecoregion</a>. It lies between latitudes <a href="/wiki/14th_parallel_north" title="14th parallel north">14°</a> and <a href="/wiki/18th_parallel_north" title="18th parallel north">18°N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/22nd_meridian_west" title="22nd meridian west">22°</a> and <a href="/wiki/26th_meridian_west" title="26th meridian west">26°W</a>. </p><p>The country is a horseshoe-shaped cluster of ten islands (nine inhabited) and eight islets,<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that constitute an area of 4033 km<sup>2</sup> (1557 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands are spatially divided into two groups: </p> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Barlavento_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Barlavento Islands">Barlavento Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windward_and_leeward" title="Windward and leeward">windward</a> islands): <a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%A3o,_Cape_Verde" title="Santo Antão, Cape Verde">Santo Antão</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santa_Luzia,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Luzia, Cape Verde">Santa Luzia</a>, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Nicolau,_Cape_Verde" title="São Nicolau, Cape Verde">São Nicolau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde" title="Sal, Cape Verde">Sal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde" title="Boa Vista, Cape Verde">Boa Vista</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Sotavento_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotavento Islands">Sotavento Islands</a> (<a href="/wiki/Windward_and_leeward" title="Windward and leeward">leeward</a>): <a href="/wiki/Maio,_Cape_Verde" title="Maio, Cape Verde">Maio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fogo,_Cape_Verde" title="Fogo, Cape Verde">Fogo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brava,_Cape_Verde" title="Brava, Cape Verde">Brava</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The largest island, both in size and population, is Santiago, which hosts the nation's capital, Praia, the principal urban agglomeration in the archipelago.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Three of the Cape Verde islands, Sal, Boa Vista, and Maio, are fairly flat, sandy, and dry; the others are generally rockier with more vegetation. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calhau.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Calhau.jpg/220px-Calhau.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Calhau.jpg/330px-Calhau.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Calhau.jpg/440px-Calhau.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="665" /></a><figcaption>The beach of Calhau, with Monte Verde in the background, on the island of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physical_geography_and_geology">Physical geography and geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Physical geography and geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geology_of_Cape_Verde" title="Geology of Cape Verde">Geology of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Estr._Ba%C3%ADa_das_Gatas_-_Calhau,_Cape_Verde_-_panoramio_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Estr._Ba%C3%ADa_das_Gatas_-_Calhau%2C_Cape_Verde_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/220px-Estr._Ba%C3%ADa_das_Gatas_-_Calhau%2C_Cape_Verde_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Estr._Ba%C3%ADa_das_Gatas_-_Calhau%2C_Cape_Verde_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/330px-Estr._Ba%C3%ADa_das_Gatas_-_Calhau%2C_Cape_Verde_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Estr._Ba%C3%ADa_das_Gatas_-_Calhau%2C_Cape_Verde_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg/440px-Estr._Ba%C3%ADa_das_Gatas_-_Calhau%2C_Cape_Verde_-_panoramio_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2801" data-file-height="1866" /></a><figcaption>The countryside in Estrada Baía das Gatas</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boa_Vista_IMG_3886_25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Boa_Vista_IMG_3886_25.jpg/220px-Boa_Vista_IMG_3886_25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Boa_Vista_IMG_3886_25.jpg/330px-Boa_Vista_IMG_3886_25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Boa_Vista_IMG_3886_25.jpg/440px-Boa_Vista_IMG_3886_25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Beach east of <a href="/wiki/Curral_Velho,_Cape_Verde" title="Curral Velho, Cape Verde">Curral Velho</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde" title="Boa Vista, Cape Verde">Boa Vista</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Geologically, the islands, covering a combined area of slightly over 4,033 square kilometres (1,557 square miles), are principally composed of <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a>, with volcanic structures and <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_rock" title="Pyroclastic rock">pyroclastic</a> debris comprising the majority of the archipelago's total volume. The <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluton">plutonic</a> rocks are distinctly basic; the archipelago is a soda-alkaline <a href="/wiki/Petrography" title="Petrography">petrographic</a> province, with a <a href="/wiki/Petrology" title="Petrology">petrologic</a> succession similar to that found in other Macaronesian islands. </p><p>Magnetic anomalies identified in the vicinity of the archipelago indicate that the structures forming the islands date back 125–150 million years: the islands themselves date from 8 million (in the west) to 20 million years (in the east).<sup id="cite_ref-Pim_et_al.,_2008,_p.422_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pim_et_al.,_2008,_p.422-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The oldest exposed rocks occurred on Maio and the northern peninsula of Santiago and are 128–131 million-year-old pillow lavas. The first stage of volcanism in the islands began in the early <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a>, and reached its peak at the end of this period when the islands reached their maximum sizes. Historical volcanism (within human settlement) has been restricted to the island of Fogo.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The islands lie on a bathymetric swell known as the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_Rise" title="Cape Verde Rise">Cape Verde Rise</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Rise is one of the largest protuberances in the world's oceans, rising 2.2 kilometres (1.4 miles) in a semi-circular region of 1200 km<sup>2</sup> (460 sq mi), associated with a rise of the <a href="/wiki/Geoid" title="Geoid">geoid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pim_et_al.,_2008,_p.422_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pim_et_al.,_2008,_p.422-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pico_do_Fogo" title="Pico do Fogo">Pico do Fogo</a>, the largest active volcano in the region, erupted in 2014. It has an eight-kilometre-diameter (five-mile) <a href="/wiki/Caldera" title="Caldera">caldera</a>, the rim of which is at an elevation of 1,600 metres (5,249 feet) and an interior cone that rises to 2,829 metres (9,281 feet) <a href="/wiki/Above_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above sea level">above sea level</a>. The caldera resulted from subsidence, following the partial evacuation (eruption) of the <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> chamber, along a cylindrical column from within the magma chamber (at a depth of 8 kilometres (5 miles)). </p><p>Extensive <a href="/wiki/Salt_pan_(geology)" title="Salt pan (geology)">salt flats</a> are found on Sal and Maio.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Santiago, Santo Antão, and São Nicolau, arid slopes give way in places to sugarcane fields or banana plantations spread along the base of towering mountains.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ocean cliffs have been formed by catastrophic <a href="/wiki/Debris_avalanche" class="mw-redirect" title="Debris avalanche">debris landslides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cape_Verde" title="Special:EditPage/Cape Verde">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cape+Verde%22">"Cape Verde"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cape+Verde%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cape+Verde%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cape+Verde%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cape+Verde%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cape+Verde%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cape_Verde#Climate" title="Geography of Cape Verde">Geography of Cape Verde § Climate</a></div> <p>Cape Verde's climate is milder than that of the African mainland because the surrounding sea moderates temperatures on the islands and cold Atlantic currents produce an arid atmosphere around the archipelago. Conversely, the islands do not receive the <a href="/wiki/Upwelling" title="Upwelling">upwelling</a> (cold streams) that affect the West African coast, so the air temperature is cooler than in Senegal, but the sea is warmer. Due to the relief of some islands, such as Santiago with its steep mountains, the islands can have <a href="/wiki/Orographic_lift" title="Orographic lift">orographically</a> induced precipitation, allowing rich woods and luxuriant vegetation to grow where the humid air condenses soaking the plants, rocks, soil, logs, moss, etc. On the higher islands and somewhat wetter islands, exclusively in mountainous areas, like Santo Antão island, the climate is suitable for the development of dry monsoon forests, and <a href="/wiki/Laurel_forest" title="Laurel forest">laurel forests</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Average temperatures range from 22 °C (72 °F) in February to 27 °C (80.6 °F) in September.<sup id="cite_ref-inmg_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inmg-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cape Verde is part of the <a href="/wiki/Sahel" title="Sahel">Sahelian</a> semi-arid belt, with nothing like the rainfall levels of nearby <a href="/wiki/West_Africa" title="West Africa">West Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It rains irregularly between August and October, with frequent brief heavy downpours.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Desert" title="Desert">desert</a> is usually defined as terrain that receives less than 250 mm (9.8 in) of annual rainfall. Sal's total of 145 mm (5.7 in) confirms this classification. Most of the year's rain falls in September.<sup id="cite_ref-inmg_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inmg-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Sal, Boa Vista, and Maio have a flat landscape and arid climate, whilst the other islands are generally rockier and have more vegetation. Because of the infrequent occurrence of rainfall, where not mountainous, the landscape is so arid that less than two percent of it is arable.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The archipelago can be divided into four broad ecological zones – arid, semiarid, subhumid and humid, according to altitude and average annual rainfall ranging from less than 100 millimetres (3.9 inches) in the arid areas of the coast as in the <a href="/wiki/Deserto_de_Viana" title="Deserto de Viana">Deserto de Viana</a> (67 millimetres (2.6 inches) in <a href="/wiki/Sal_Rei" title="Sal Rei">Sal Rei</a>) to more than 1,000 millimetres (39 inches) in the humid mountain. Most rainfall precipitation is due to condensation of the ocean mist. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ribeira_Principal_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ribeira_Principal_%281%29.jpg/220px-Ribeira_Principal_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ribeira_Principal_%281%29.jpg/330px-Ribeira_Principal_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Ribeira_Principal_%281%29.jpg/440px-Ribeira_Principal_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>The small valley (or dale) of Principal, <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago Island</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In some islands, like Santiago, the wetter climate of the interior and the eastern coast contrasts with the drier one on the south/southwest coast. Praia, on the southeast coast, is the largest city on the island and the largest city and capital of the country. </p><p>While most of Cape Verde receives little precipitation throughout the year, the northeastern slopes of high mountains see significant rainfall due to orographic lift, especially in areas far from the sea. In some such areas this precipitation is sufficient to support a rainforest habitat, albeit one significantly affected by the islands' human presence. These umbria areas are identified as cool and moist. Cape Verde lies in the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_Islands_dry_forests" title="Cape Verde Islands dry forests">Cape Verde Islands dry forests</a> ecoregion.<sup id="cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Western Hemisphere-bound hurricanes often have their early beginnings near the Cape Verde Islands. These are referred to as <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde-type_hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde-type hurricane">Cape Verde-type hurricanes</a>. These hurricanes can become very intense as they cross warm Atlantic waters away from Cape Verde. The average hurricane season has about two Cape Verde-type hurricanes, which are usually the largest and most intense storms of the season because they often have plenty of warm open ocean over which to develop before encountering land. The five largest Atlantic tropical cyclones on record have been Cape Verde-type hurricanes. Most of the longest-lived tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin are Cape Verde hurricanes.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2015, the islands themselves have only been struck by hurricanes twice in recorded history (since 1851): once in 1892, and again in 2015 by <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Fred_(2015)" title="Hurricane Fred (2015)">Hurricane Fred</a>, the easternmost hurricane ever to form in the Atlantic.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Cape Verde: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde" title="Sal, Cape Verde">Sal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a>, 1981–2010 normals, 1931–1960 extremes </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.0<br />(89.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.1<br />(91.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.2<br />(93.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.4<br />(92.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF3800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.3<br />(91.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.1<br />(93.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.6<br />(92.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(94.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.0<br />(91.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">31.0<br />(87.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">38.0<br />(100.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF7200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.9<br />(76.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.1<br />(77.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.8<br />(78.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.9<br />(78.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.6<br />(79.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.4<br />(84.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.9<br />(85.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.5<br />(85.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF5B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.2<br />(82.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.3<br />(79.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.3<br />(81.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1<br />(71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.9<br />(71.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.3<br />(75.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.3<br />(77.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(80.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(79.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.2<br />(77.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.4<br />(74.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">24.2<br />(75.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FF9831; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.4<br />(66.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.1<br />(66.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.3<br />(66.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF952C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.8<br />(67.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.6<br />(69.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8913; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.6<br />(70.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF8104; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.7<br />(72.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.9<br />(75.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF7500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24.5<br />(76.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">23.8<br />(74.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6<br />(72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF8D1C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20.9<br />(69.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF8914; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.5<br />(70.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0<br />(53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9B37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.0<br />(66.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9E3E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.5<br />(65.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA852; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.0<br />(62.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFAF60; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.0<br />(60.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.0<br />(50.0) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #F7FFF7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.9<br />(0.19) </td> <td style="background: #FCFFFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.5<br />(0.06) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.7<br />(0.03) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.4<br />(0.02) </td> <td style="background: #FEFFFE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.3<br />(0.01) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.9<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #D1FFD1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.2<br />(1.19) </td> <td style="background: #BEFFBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.7<br />(1.64) </td> <td style="background: #E2FFE2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.8<br />(0.74) </td> <td style="background: #F9FFF9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.7<br />(0.15) </td> <td style="background: #FAFFFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.1<br />(0.12) </td> <td style="background: #F1FFF1; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">109.2<br />(4.3) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Relative_humidity" class="mw-redirect" title="Relative humidity">relative humidity</a> (%) </th> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000FC; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000FE; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">66.9 </td> <td style="background: #0000FA; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">67.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000E9; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">72.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000E3; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.8 </td> <td style="background: #0000DD; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">75.3 </td> <td style="background: #0000DB; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">76.0 </td> <td style="background: #0000E4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">73.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">70.7 </td> <td style="background: #0000F4; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">69.5 </td> <td style="background: #0000EF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">70.8 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #DADA00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">213.4 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">184.9 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.1 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">199.0 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">195.4 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.1 </td> <td style="background: #CBCB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.4 </td> <td style="background: #C8C800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">160.7 </td> <td style="background: #CDCD00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">165.1 </td> <td style="background: #D4D400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">185.3 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">186.2 </td> <td style="background: #D8D800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">202.9 </td> <td style="background: #D5D500; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">2,230.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e Geofísica<sup id="cite_ref-inmg_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inmg-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: <a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Wetterdienst" title="Deutscher Wetterdienst">Deutscher Wetterdienst</a> (extremes)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate_change">Climate change</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Climate change"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the president of <a href="/wiki/Nauru" title="Nauru">Nauru</a>, in 2011 Cape Verde was ranked the eighth most endangered nation due to flooding from <a href="/wiki/Climate_change" title="Climate change">climate change</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023 <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">UN Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Guterres" title="António Guterres">António Guterres</a> arrived in Cabo Verde to raise concerns about climate change. He said that the country is on the frontlines of the existential crisis generated by climate disruptions and that world leaders need to take action to address the climate crisis.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cabo Verde is a leader in <a href="/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">renewable energy</a> in sub-Saharan Africa. Currently, 20% of its energy comes from renewable sources, and the goal is to increase that to 50% by 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2023, Portugal signed an agreement to forgive €140 million of Cape Verde's debt in exchange for the country investing in environmental projects. This agreement is one of the first <a href="/wiki/Debt-for-nature_swap" title="Debt-for-nature swap">debt-for-nature swaps</a> in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biodiversity">Biodiversity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Biodiversity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cape_Verde" title="Wildlife of Cape Verde">Wildlife of Cape Verde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_Islands_dry_forests" title="Cape Verde Islands dry forests">Cape Verde Islands dry forests</a></div> <p>Cape Verde's isolation has resulted in the islands having several <a href="/wiki/Endemic_(ecology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic (ecology)">endemic</a> <a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">species</a>, particularly birds and reptiles, many of which are <a href="/wiki/Endangered_species" title="Endangered species">endangered</a> by human development. Endemic birds include <a href="/wiki/Alexander%27s_swift" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander's swift">Alexander's swift</a> (<i>Apus alexandri</i>), <a href="/wiki/Bourne%27s_heron" title="Bourne's heron">Bourne's heron</a> (<i>Ardea purpurea bournei</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Raso_lark" title="Raso lark">Raso lark</a> (<i>Alauda razae</i>), the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_warbler" title="Cape Verde warbler">Cape Verde warbler</a> (<i>Acrocephalus brevipennis</i>), and the <a href="/wiki/Iago_sparrow" title="Iago sparrow">Iago sparrow</a> (<i>Passer iagoensis</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands are also an important breeding area for seabirds including the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_shearwater" title="Cape Verde shearwater">Cape Verde shearwater</a>. Reptiles include the Cape Verde giant gecko (<i><a href="/wiki/Tarentola_gigas" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarentola gigas">Tarentola gigas</a></i>). </p><p>In Cabo Verde <a href="/wiki/Forest_cover" title="Forest cover">forest cover</a> is around 11% of the total land area, equivalent to 45,720 hectares (ha) of forest in 2020, up from 15,380 hectares (ha) in 1990. In 2020, naturally regenerating forest covered 13,680 hectares (ha) and planted forest covered 32,040 hectares (ha). For the year 2015, 100% of the forest area was reported to be under <a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">public ownership</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Cape_Verde" title="Administrative divisions of Cape Verde">Administrative divisions of Cape Verde</a></div> <p>Cape Verde is divided into 22 <a href="/wiki/Municipality" title="Municipality">municipalities</a> (<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">concelhos</i></span>) and subdivided into 32 parishes (<i><a href="/wiki/Freguesia_(Portugal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Freguesia (Portugal)">freguesias</a></i>), based on the religious parishes that existed during the colonial period: </p> <div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Barlavento Islands </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">Island </th> <th style="width:200px;">Municipality </th> <th style="width:80px;">Census 2010<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:80px;">Census 2021<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:200px;">Parish </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%A3o,_Cape_Verde" title="Santo Antão, Cape Verde">Santo Antão</a> </td> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Grande,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde (municipality)">Ribeira Grande</a> </td> <td rowspan="4">18,890 </td> <td rowspan="4">15,022 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Ros%C3%A1rio_(Ribeira_Grande)" title="Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Ribeira Grande)">Nossa Senhora do Rosário</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Livramento,_Cape_Verde" title="Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Cape Verde">Nossa Senhora do Livramento</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Crucifixo" title="Santo Crucifixo">Santo Crucifixo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Pedro_Ap%C3%B3stolo_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Pedro Apóstolo (parish)">São Pedro Apóstolo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paul,_Cape_Verde" title="Paul, Cape Verde">Paúl</a> </td> <td>6,997 </td> <td>5,696 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Ant%C3%B3nio_das_Pombas" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo António das Pombas">Santo António das Pombas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Porto_Novo,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Porto Novo, Cape Verde (municipality)">Porto Novo</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">18,028 </td> <td rowspan="2">15,014 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_(Santo_Ant%C3%A3o)" title="São João Baptista (Santo Antão)">São João Baptista</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Andr%C3%A9_(Porto_Novo)" title="Santo André (Porto Novo)">Santo André</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">76,107 </td> <td rowspan="2">74,016 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Luz_(S%C3%A3o_Vicente)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nossa Senhora da Luz (São Vicente)">Nossa Senhora da Luz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Luzia,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Luzia, Cape Verde">Santa Luzia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Nicolau,_Cape_Verde" title="São Nicolau, Cape Verde">São Nicolau</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Brava,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Ribeira Brava, Cape Verde (municipality)">Ribeira Brava</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">7,580 </td> <td rowspan="2">6,978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Lapa_(Ribeira_Brava)" title="Nossa Senhora da Lapa (Ribeira Brava)">Nossa Senhora da Lapa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Ros%C3%A1rio_(Ribeira_Brava)" title="Nossa Senhora do Rosário (Ribeira Brava)">Nossa Senhora do Rosário</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarrafal_de_S%C3%A3o_Nicolau,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarrafal de São Nicolau, Cape Verde (municipality)">Tarrafal de São Nicolau</a> </td> <td>5,237 </td> <td>5,261 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Francisco_(Tarrafal_de_S%C3%A3o_Nicolau)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Francisco (Tarrafal de São Nicolau)">São Francisco</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde" title="Sal, Cape Verde">Sal</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde" title="Sal, Cape Verde">Sal</a> </td> <td>25,765 </td> <td>33,347 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_das_Dores_(Sal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nossa Senhora das Dores (Sal)">Nossa Senhora das Dores</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde" title="Boa Vista, Cape Verde">Boa Vista</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde" title="Boa Vista, Cape Verde">Boa Vista</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">9,162 </td> <td rowspan="2">12,613 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Isabel_(Boa_Vista)" title="Santa Isabel (Boa Vista)">Santa Isabel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_(Boa_Vista)" title="São João Baptista (Boa Vista)">São João Baptista</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Sotavento Islands </caption> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:100px;">Island </th> <th style="width:200px;">Municipality </th> <th style="width:80px;">Census 2010<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:80px;">Census 2021<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th> <th style="width:200px;">Parish </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Maio,_Cape_Verde" title="Maio, Cape Verde">Maio</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Maio,_Cape_Verde" title="Maio, Cape Verde">Maio</a> </td> <td>6,952 </td> <td>6,298 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Luz_(Maio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nossa Senhora da Luz (Maio)">Nossa Senhora da Luz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11"><a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Praia,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Praia, Cape Verde (municipality)">Praia</a> </td> <td>131,602 </td> <td>142,009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Gra%C3%A7a_(Praia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nossa Senhora da Graça (Praia)">Nossa Senhora da Graça</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Domingos,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="São Domingos, Cape Verde (municipality)">São Domingos</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">13,808 </td> <td rowspan="2">13,958 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Luz_(S%C3%A3o_Domingos)" title="Nossa Senhora da Luz (São Domingos)">Nossa Senhora da Luz</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Nicolau_Tolentino_(S%C3%A3o_Domingos)" title="São Nicolau Tolentino (São Domingos)">São Nicolau Tolentino</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Catarina, Cape Verde">Santa Catarina</a> </td> <td>43,297 </td> <td>37,472 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Catarina (parish)">Santa Catarina</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Salvador_do_Mundo,_Cape_Verde" title="São Salvador do Mundo, Cape Verde">São Salvador do Mundo</a> </td> <td>8,677 </td> <td>7,452 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Salvador_do_Mundo_(S%C3%A3o_Salvador_do_Mundo)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Salvador do Mundo (São Salvador do Mundo)">São Salvador do Mundo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Cruz, Cape Verde">Santa Cruz</a> </td> <td>26,609 </td> <td>25,004 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Maior_(Santa_Cruz)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santiago Maior (Santa Cruz)">Santiago Maior</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o_dos_%C3%93rg%C3%A3os,_Cape_Verde" title="São Lourenço dos Órgãos, Cape Verde">São Lourenço dos Órgãos</a> </td> <td>7,388 </td> <td>6,317 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o_dos_%C3%93rg%C3%A3os_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Lourenço dos Órgãos (parish)">São Lourenço dos Órgãos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Grande_de_Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Cape Verde">Ribeira Grande de Santiago</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">8,325 </td> <td rowspan="2">7,632 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sant%C3%ADssimo_Nome_de_Jesus_(Praia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santíssimo Nome de Jesus (Praia)">Santíssimo Nome de Jesus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_(Praia)" class="mw-redirect" title="São João Baptista (Praia)">São João Baptista</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel,_Cape_Verde" title="São Miguel, Cape Verde">São Miguel</a> </td> <td>15,648 </td> <td>12,906 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Miguel_Arcanjo_(S%C3%A3o_Miguel)" class="mw-redirect" title="São Miguel Arcanjo (São Miguel)">São Miguel Arcanjo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tarrafal,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Tarrafal, Cape Verde (municipality)">Tarrafal</a> </td> <td>18,565 </td> <td>16,620 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santo_Amaro_Abade" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo Amaro Abade">Santo Amaro Abade</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Fogo,_Cape_Verde" title="Fogo, Cape Verde">Fogo</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Filipe,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="São Filipe, Cape Verde (municipality)">São Filipe</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">22,228 </td> <td rowspan="2">20,732 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Louren%C3%A7o_(S%C3%A3o_Filipe)" title="São Lourenço (São Filipe)">São Lourenço</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Concei%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(S%C3%A3o_Filipe)" title="Nossa Senhora da Conceição (São Filipe)">Nossa Senhora da Conceição</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_do_Fogo,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Catarina do Fogo, Cape Verde">Santa Catarina do Fogo</a> </td> <td>5,299 </td> <td>4,725 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina_(Santa_Catarina_do_Fogo)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Catarina (Santa Catarina do Fogo)">Santa Catarina do Fogo</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mosteiros,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Mosteiros, Cape Verde (municipality)">Mosteiros</a> </td> <td>9,524 </td> <td>8,062 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_da_Ajuda_(parish)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nossa Senhora da Ajuda (parish)">Nossa Senhora da Ajuda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brava,_Cape_Verde" title="Brava, Cape Verde">Brava</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Brava,_Cape_Verde" title="Brava, Cape Verde">Brava</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">5,995 </td> <td rowspan="2">5,594 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_(Brava)" title="São João Baptista (Brava)">São João Baptista</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Nossa_Senhora_do_Monte_(Cape_Verde)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nossa Senhora do Monte (Cape Verde)">Nossa Senhora do Monte</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cape_Verde" title="Economy of Cape Verde">Economy of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cabo_Verde_Airlines,_D4-CCF,_Boeing_757-236_(49587833096).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cabo_Verde_Airlines%2C_D4-CCF%2C_Boeing_757-236_%2849587833096%29.jpg/220px-Cabo_Verde_Airlines%2C_D4-CCF%2C_Boeing_757-236_%2849587833096%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cabo_Verde_Airlines%2C_D4-CCF%2C_Boeing_757-236_%2849587833096%29.jpg/330px-Cabo_Verde_Airlines%2C_D4-CCF%2C_Boeing_757-236_%2849587833096%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Cabo_Verde_Airlines%2C_D4-CCF%2C_Boeing_757-236_%2849587833096%29.jpg/440px-Cabo_Verde_Airlines%2C_D4-CCF%2C_Boeing_757-236_%2849587833096%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Cape Verdean national <a href="/wiki/Flag_carrier" title="Flag carrier">flag carrier</a> <a href="/wiki/Cabo_Verde_Airlines" title="Cabo Verde Airlines">Cabo Verde Airlines</a>, formerly known as TACV</figcaption></figure> <p>Cape Verde's notable economic growth and improvement in living conditions despite a lack of natural resources have garnered <a href="#International_recognition">international recognition</a>, with other countries and international organizations often providing <a href="/wiki/Development_aid" title="Development aid">development aid</a>. Since 2007, the UN has classified it as a <a href="/wiki/Developing_nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Developing nation">developing nation</a> rather than a <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Least developed country">least developed country</a>. </p><p>Cape Verde has few <a href="/wiki/Natural_resource" title="Natural resource">natural resources</a>. Only five of the ten main islands (Santiago, Santo Antão, São Nicolau, Fogo, and Brava) normally support significant agricultural production,<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and over 90% of all food consumed in Cape Verde is imported. Mineral resources include salt, <a href="/wiki/Pozzolana" title="Pozzolana">pozzolana</a> (a volcanic rock used in cement production), and <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its small number of wineries making Portuguese-style wines have traditionally focused on the domestic market, but have recently met with some international acclaim.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The economy of Cape Verde is service-oriented, with commerce, transport, and public services accounting for more than 70% of GDP.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Although nearly 35% of the population lives in rural areas, agriculture and fishing contribute only about 9% of GDP. Light manufacturing accounts for most of the remainder. Fish and shellfish are plentiful, and small quantities are exported. Cape Verde has cold storage and freezing facilities and <a href="/wiki/Fish_processing" title="Fish processing">fish processing</a> plants in Mindelo, Praia, and on Sal. Expatriate Cape Verdeans contribute an amount estimated at 20% of GDP to the domestic economy through <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">remittances</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite having few natural resources and being semi-desert, the country has the highest living standards in the region and has attracted thousands of immigrants of different nationalities. </p><p>Since 1991, the government has pursued market-oriented economic policies, including an open welcome to <a href="/wiki/Foreign_investors" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreign investors">foreign investors</a> and a far-reaching <a href="/wiki/Privatization" title="Privatization">privatization</a> programme. It established as top development priorities the promotion of a <a href="/wiki/Market_economy" title="Market economy">market economy</a> and the private sector; the development of <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cape_Verde" title="Tourism in Cape Verde">tourism</a>, light manufacturing industries, and fisheries; and the development of <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cape_Verde" title="Transport in Cape Verde">transport</a>, <a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Communications in Cape Verde">communications</a>, and energy facilities. From 1994 to 2000 about $407 million in foreign investments were made or planned, of which 58% were in tourism,<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 17% in industry, 4% in infrastructure, and 21% in fisheries and services.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, a wind farm was built on four islands that supplies about 30% of the electricity of the country.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As host to the <a href="/wiki/ECOWAS" title="ECOWAS">ECOWAS</a> Regional Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency, inaugurated in 2010, Cape Verde plans to lead by example by becoming entirely reliant on renewable energy sources by 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This policy is consistent with the host of documents adopted in 2015 paving the way to more sustainable development, including Cape Verde's <i>Transformational Agenda to 2030</i>, its <i>National Renewable Energy Plan</i> and its <i>Low Carbon and Climate-resilient Development Strategy</i>. Two years later, these were followed by a <i>Strategic Plan for Sustainable Development, 2017–2021</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between 2000 and 2009, <a href="/wiki/Real_GDP" class="mw-redirect" title="Real GDP">real GDP</a> increased on average by over 7% a year, well above the average for Sub-Saharan countries and faster than most small island economies in the region. Strong economic performance was bolstered by one of the fastest-growing tourism industries in the world, as well as by substantial capital inflows that allowed Cape Verde to build up national currency reserves to the current 3.5 months of imports. Unemployment has been falling rapidly, and the country is on track to achieve most of the UN Millennium Development Goals – including halving its 1990 poverty level. </p><p>In 2007, Cape Verde joined the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> (WTO) and in 2008 the country graduated from Least Developed Country (LDC) to Middle Income Country (MIC) status.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CV-praia-in_der_avenida_cabral.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CV-praia-in_der_avenida_cabral.jpg/220px-CV-praia-in_der_avenida_cabral.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CV-praia-in_der_avenida_cabral.jpg/330px-CV-praia-in_der_avenida_cabral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/CV-praia-in_der_avenida_cabral.jpg/440px-CV-praia-in_der_avenida_cabral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4928" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Cabral Avenue, one of the main symbols of Cape Verde's development</figcaption></figure> <p>Cape Verde has significant cooperation with Portugal at every level of the economy, which has led it to link its currency first to the <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_escudo" title="Portuguese escudo">Portuguese escudo</a> and, in 1999, to the euro. On 23 June 2008 Cape Verde became the 153rd member of the WTO.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In early January 2018, the government announced that the minimum wage would be raised to 13,000 CVE (€118) per month, from 11,000 CVE, which was effective in mid-January 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Development">Development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/European_Commission" title="European Commission">European Commission</a>'s total allocation for the period of 2008–2013 foreseen for Cape Verde to address "poverty reduction, in particular in rural and peri-urban areas where women are heading the households, as well as good governance" amounts to €54.1 million.<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Tourism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cape_Verde" title="Tourism in Cape Verde">Tourism in Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mindelo_portogrande.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mindelo_portogrande.jpg/220px-Mindelo_portogrande.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Mindelo_portogrande.jpg/330px-Mindelo_portogrande.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Mindelo_portogrande.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="262" /></a><figcaption>Yachts in Porto Grande, Mindelo, on the island of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a>. Tourism is a growing source of income on the islands.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cape Verde's strategic location at the crossroads of mid-Atlantic air and sea lanes has been enhanced by significant improvements at Mindelo's harbour (<a href="/wiki/Porto_Grande_Bay" title="Porto Grande Bay">Porto Grande</a>) and at <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_International_Airport" title="Amílcar Cabral International Airport">Sal's</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_International_Airport" title="Nelson Mandela International Airport">Praia's international airports</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Aristides_Pereira_International_Airport" title="Aristides Pereira International Airport">new international airport</a> was opened in Boa Vista in December 2007 and on the island of São Vicente, the newest international airport (<a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_Airport" title="Cesária Évora Airport">Cesária Évora Airport</a>) in Cape Verde was opened in late 2009. Ship repair facilities at Mindelo were opened in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The major ports are Mindelo and Praia, but all other islands have smaller port facilities. In addition to the international airport on Sal, <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of airports in Cape Verde">airports</a> have been built on all of the inhabited islands. All but the airports on Brava and Santo Antão enjoy scheduled air service. The archipelago has 3,050 km (1,895 mi) of roads, of which 1,010 km (628 mi) are paved, most using <a href="/wiki/Cobblestone" title="Cobblestone">cobblestone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The country's future economic prospects depend heavily on the maintenance of aid flows, the encouragement of tourism, remittances, outsourcing labour to neighbouring African countries, and the momentum of the government's development programme.<sup id="cite_ref-bn_18-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bn-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdeans" title="Cape Verdeans">Cape Verdeans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cape_Verde" title="Demographics of Cape Verde">Demographics of Cape Verde</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:442px;max-width:442px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:237px;max-width:237px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:138px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape-Verde-demography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cape-Verde-demography.png/235px-Cape-Verde-demography.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cape-Verde-demography.png/353px-Cape-Verde-demography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Cape-Verde-demography.png/470px-Cape-Verde-demography.png 2x" data-file-width="724" data-file-height="426" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Cape Verde's population, 1961–2003</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:201px;max-width:201px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:138px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pyramide_Cap-Vert.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pyramide_Cap-Vert.PNG/199px-Pyramide_Cap-Vert.PNG" decoding="async" width="199" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pyramide_Cap-Vert.PNG/299px-Pyramide_Cap-Vert.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pyramide_Cap-Vert.PNG/398px-Pyramide_Cap-Vert.PNG 2x" data-file-width="902" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Cape Verde's <a href="/wiki/Population_pyramid" title="Population pyramid">population pyramid</a>, 2005</div></div></div></div></div> <p>Cape Verde had a population of 593,149 in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-totpop_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-totpop-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A large proportion (236,000) of Cape Verdeans live on the main island, Santiago.<sup id="cite_ref-cvp_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cvp-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cape Verdeans are descendants of Africans (free or enslaved) and Europeans of various origins. There are also Cape Verdeans who have Jewish ancestors from North Africa, mainly on the islands of Boa Vista, Santiago and Santo Antão. A large part of Cape Verdeans emigrated abroad, mainly to the United States, Portugal and France, so that there are more Cape Verdeans residing abroad than at home. </p><p>Unlike countries on the African continent, there are no tribes in Cape Verde. On the other hand, the country's historical trajectory included, from the beginning, a process of social class formation. At this moment, the absence of a "bourgeoisie" can be seen, but the existence of several types of "petty bourgeoisie" is numerically significant. The majority of the population is, however, made up of the peasantry and some working class.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> </p> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;"><span style="font-size:110%;">Largest cities or towns in Cape Verde</span><br /><div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ine.cv/dadostats/dados.aspx?d=1"><span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Instituto Nacional de Estatística</i></span></a> <small>(<span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Distribuição da população residente – RGPH 2010: População urbana</i></span>)</small></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th>Rank </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities in Cape Verde">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Cape_Verde" title="Administrative divisions of Cape Verde">Municipality</a> </th> <th>Pop. </th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Praia_Cabo_Verde.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Praia"><img alt="Praia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Praia_Cabo_Verde.jpg/120px-Praia_Cabo_Verde.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Praia_Cabo_Verde.jpg/180px-Praia_Cabo_Verde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Praia_Cabo_Verde.jpg/240px-Praia_Cabo_Verde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mindelo_-_Stadt_am_Abend.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Mindelo"><img alt="Mindelo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mindelo_-_Stadt_am_Abend.JPG/120px-Mindelo_-_Stadt_am_Abend.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="68" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mindelo_-_Stadt_am_Abend.JPG/180px-Mindelo_-_Stadt_am_Abend.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Mindelo_-_Stadt_am_Abend.JPG/240px-Mindelo_-_Stadt_am_Abend.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3080" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Mindelo" title="Mindelo">Mindelo</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Praia,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Praia, Cape Verde (municipality)">Praia</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">127,832 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Maria_Sal_Cabo_Verde3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Maria"><img alt="Santa Maria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Santa_Maria_Sal_Cabo_Verde3.JPG/120px-Santa_Maria_Sal_Cabo_Verde3.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Santa_Maria_Sal_Cabo_Verde3.JPG/180px-Santa_Maria_Sal_Cabo_Verde3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Santa_Maria_Sal_Cabo_Verde3.JPG/240px-Santa_Maria_Sal_Cabo_Verde3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2080" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Maria, Cape Verde">Santa Maria</a><br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape_Verde_Santiago_Assomada_2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Assomada"><img alt="Assomada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cape_Verde_Santiago_Assomada_2011.jpg/120px-Cape_Verde_Santiago_Assomada_2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cape_Verde_Santiago_Assomada_2011.jpg/180px-Cape_Verde_Santiago_Assomada_2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Cape_Verde_Santiago_Assomada_2011.jpg/240px-Cape_Verde_Santiago_Assomada_2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2683" /></a></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Assomada" title="Assomada">Assomada</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mindelo" title="Mindelo">Mindelo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente,_Cape_Verde" title="São Vicente, Cape Verde">São Vicente</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,468 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Maria, Cape Verde">Santa Maria</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sal,_Cape_Verde" title="Sal, Cape Verde">Sal</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">23,839 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Assomada" title="Assomada">Assomada</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Catarina,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Catarina, Cape Verde">Santa Catarina</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">12,026 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Porto_Novo,_Cape_Verde" title="Porto Novo, Cape Verde">Porto Novo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Porto_Novo,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Porto Novo, Cape Verde (municipality)">Porto Novo</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,430 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Pedra_Badejo" title="Pedra Badejo">Pedra Badejo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Cruz, Cape Verde">Santa Cruz</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">9,345 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Filipe,_Cape_Verde" title="São Filipe, Cape Verde">São Filipe</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Filipe,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="São Filipe, Cape Verde (municipality)">São Filipe</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">8,125 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tarrafal,_Cape_Verde" title="Tarrafal, Cape Verde">Tarrafal</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tarrafal,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Tarrafal, Cape Verde (municipality)">Tarrafal</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">6,177 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sal_Rei" title="Sal Rei">Sal Rei</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Boa_Vista,_Cape_Verde" title="Boa Vista, Cape Verde">Boa Vista</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">5,407 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Grande,_Cape_Verde" title="Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde">Ribeira Grande</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ribeira_Grande,_Cape_Verde_(municipality)" title="Ribeira Grande, Cape Verde (municipality)">Ribeira Grande</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">4,625 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cape Verde's official language is <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the language of instruction and government. It is also used in newspapers, television, and radio. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Creole" title="Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</a> (<span title="Kabuverdianu-language text"><i lang="kea">Kriolu</i></span>) is used colloquially throughout Cape Verde and is the mother tongue of virtually all Cape Verdeans. The national constitution calls for measures to give it parity with Portuguese.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is a substantial body of literature in Creole, especially in the <a href="/wiki/Santiago_Creole" title="Santiago Creole">Santiago Creole</a> and the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Vicente_Creole" title="São Vicente Creole">São Vicente Creole</a>. <span title="Kabuverdianu-language text"><i lang="kea">Kriolu</i></span> has been gaining prestige since the nation's independence from Portugal. </p><p>The differences between the forms of the language within the islands have been a major obstacle in the way of standardization of the language. Some people have advocated the development of two standards: a North (Barlavento) standard, centred on the São Vicente Creole, and a South (Sotavento) standard, centred on the Santiago Creole. <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Veiga_(writer)" title="Manuel Veiga (writer)">Manuel Veiga</a>, Ph.D., a linguist and Minister of Culture of Cape Verde, is the premier proponent of <span title="Kabuverdianu-language text"><i lang="kea">Kriolu</i></span><i>'s</i> officialization and standardization.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Religion in Cape Verde</a></div> <div class="PieChartTemplate thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:202px"> <div class="mw-no-invert" style="background-color:white;margin:auto;position:relative;width:200px;height:200px;overflow:hidden;border-radius:100px;border:1px solid black;transform:scaleX(-1)rotate(-90deg)"> <div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:0; top:0; border-width:0 200px 200px 0; border-color:DarkGrey; z-index:-1"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 122.43749497389px; border-left-color:SkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:SkyBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:SkyBlue"></div><div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;left:100px; top:100px; border-width:100px 0 0 23.675858515503px; border-left-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 200px 100px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> <div style="position:absolute;line-height:0;border-style:solid;left:0;top:0;border-width:0 100px 200px 0;border-color:DodgerBlue"></div> </div> <div class="thumbcaption"> <p>Religion in Cape Verde (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-Pew_Forum_—_Religion_in_Cape_Verde_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pew_Forum_—_Religion_in_Cape_Verde-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DodgerBlue; color:black;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> (78.7%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:SkyBlue; color:black;"> </span> Other Christian (10.4%)</div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><div class="legend"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:DarkGrey; color:black;"> </span> Other or non-religious (10.9%)</div> </div> </div></div> <p>The vast majority of Cape Verdeans are Christian; reflecting centuries of Portuguese rule, <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> make up the single largest religious community, at just under 80 percent, as of 2010 (slightly down from 85 percent of the population in 2007).<sup id="cite_ref-rf_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rf-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most other religious groups are <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, with the evangelical <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a> forming the second largest community; other sizeable denominations are the <a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God" title="Assemblies of God">Assemblies of God</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Universal_Church_of_the_Kingdom_of_God" title="Universal Church of the Kingdom of God">Universal Church of the Kingdom of God</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_in_Cape_Verde" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Cape Verde">the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rf_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rf-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Islam</a> is the largest minority religion.<sup id="cite_ref-rf_81-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rf-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cape_Verde" title="History of the Jews in Cape Verde">Judaism</a> had a historical presence during the colonial era.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Atheists" class="mw-redirect" title="Atheists">Atheists</a> constitute less than 1 percent of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-rf_81-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rf-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Cape Verdeans <a href="/wiki/Syncretism" title="Syncretism">syncretize</a> Christianity with <a href="/wiki/Traditional_African_religions" title="Traditional African religions">indigenous African beliefs and customs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-factbook_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-factbook-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Emigration_and_immigration">Emigration and immigration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Emigration and immigration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_diaspora" title="Cape Verdean diaspora">Cape Verdean diaspora</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Cultura_-_Claridalia_(18).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Cultura_-_Claridalia_%2818%29.jpg/220px-Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Cultura_-_Claridalia_%2818%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Cultura_-_Claridalia_%2818%29.jpg/330px-Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Cultura_-_Claridalia_%2818%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Cultura_-_Claridalia_%2818%29.jpg/440px-Minist%C3%A9rio_da_Cultura_-_Claridalia_%2818%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4368" data-file-height="2912" /></a><figcaption>People in <a href="/wiki/Santiago,_Cape_Verde" title="Santiago, Cape Verde">Santiago</a>, the largest island in the country</figcaption></figure> <p>Almost twice as many Cape Verdeans live abroad (nearly one million) than in the country itself.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The islands have a long history of emigration and Cape Verdeans are highly dispersed worldwide, from <a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a> to <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> and Argentina to Sweden.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The diaspora may be much larger than official statistics indicate, as, until independence in 1975, Cape Verdean immigrants had Portuguese passports. </p><p>The majority of Cape Verdeans live in the United States and Western Europe, with the former hosting the largest overseas population at 500,000. Most Cape Verdeans in the U.S. are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, particularly the cities of <a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Bedford,_Massachusetts" title="New Bedford, Massachusetts">New Bedford</a> in <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Providence,_Rhode_Island" title="Providence, Rhode Island">Providence, Rhode Island</a>; <a href="/wiki/Brockton,_Massachusetts" title="Brockton, Massachusetts">Brockton, Massachusetts</a> has the largest community of any American city (18,832).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cape Verdeans have been migrating to Massachusetts since the 1840s, but most of the current population arrived in the 1970s.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are now one of the top ten immigrant groups in Boston, and the largest hailing from Africa. The first wave of Cape Verdean immigrants came to Massachusetts to work in the <a href="/wiki/Whaling" title="Whaling">whaling industry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When whaling declined, they moved into maritime jobs, seasonal agricultural work (like picking <a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Cranberry">cranberries</a>), and factory work. The second wave of Cape Verdean immigrants arrived after Cape Verde gained independence in 1975. They also found work in factories, but as <a href="/wiki/Deindustrialization" title="Deindustrialization">manufacturing plants closed down</a>, they moved into the service industry in the 1990s. Cape Verdean immigrants have also developed a vibrant small business sector, including restaurants, groceries, real estate and insurance offices, and other enterprises.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cape Verdean immigrants in the U.S. have a long history of enlistment in the U.S. military, with a presence in every major conflict from the Revolutionary War to the Vietnam War.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Due to centuries of colonial ties, the second largest number of Cape Verdeans live in Portugal (150,000), with sizable communities in the former Portuguese colonies of Angola (45,000) and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> (25,000). Major populations exist in countries with cultural and linguistic similarities, such as Spain (65,500), France (25,000), Senegal (25,000), and Italy (20,000). Other large communities live in the United Kingdom (35,500), the Netherlands (20,000, of which 15,000 are concentrated in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>), and Luxembourg and Scandinavia (7,000). Outside the U.S. and Europe, the biggest Cape Verdean populations are in Mexico (5,000) and Argentina (8,000). </p><p>Over the years, Cape Verde has increasingly become a net recipient of migrants, due to its relatively high per capita income, political and social stability, and civil freedom.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Chinese make up a sizeable and important segment of the foreign population, while nearby West African countries account for most immigration. In the 21st century, a few thousand Europeans and Latin Americans have settled in the country, mostly professionals, entrepreneurs, and retirees. Over 22,000 foreign-born residents are naturalized, hailing from over 90 countries. </p><p>The Cape Verdean diaspora experience is reflected in many artistic and cultural expressions, most famously the song <i><a href="/wiki/Sodade" title="Sodade">Sodade</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora" title="Cesária Évora">Cesária Évora</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health">Health</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cape_Verde" title="Health in Cape Verde">Health in Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PraiaCentrodeSa%C3%BAde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PraiaCentrodeSa%C3%BAde.jpg/250px-PraiaCentrodeSa%C3%BAde.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PraiaCentrodeSa%C3%BAde.jpg/375px-PraiaCentrodeSa%C3%BAde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/PraiaCentrodeSa%C3%BAde.jpg/500px-PraiaCentrodeSa%C3%BAde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1445" data-file-height="738" /></a><figcaption>A health clinic in a residential area of Praia</figcaption></figure> <p>The infant mortality rate among Cape Verdean children between 0 and 5 years old is 15 per 1,000 live births according to the latest (2017) data from the National Statistics Bureau,<sup id="cite_ref-ine.cv_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ine.cv-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the maternal mortality rate is 42 deaths per 100,000 live births. The HIV-AIDS prevalence rate among Cape Verdeans between 15 and 49 years old is 0.8%.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the latest data (2017) from the National Statistics Bureau,<sup id="cite_ref-ine.cv_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ine.cv-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> life expectancy at birth in Cape Verde is 76.2 years; that is, 72.2 years for males and 80.2 years for females. There are six hospitals in the Cape Verde archipelago: two central hospitals (one in the capital city of Praia and one in Mindelo, São Vicente) and four regional hospitals (one in Santa Catarina (northern Santiago region), one on São Antão, one on Fogo, and one on Sal). In addition, there are 28 health centers, 35 sanitation centers, and a variety of private clinics located throughout the archipelago. </p><p>Cape Verde's population is among the healthiest in Africa. Since its independence, it has greatly improved its health indicators. Besides having been promoted to the group of "medium development" countries in 2007, leaving the <a href="/wiki/Least_developed_countries" title="Least developed countries">least developed countries</a> category (becoming the second country to do so<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), as of 2020 it was the <a href="/wiki/List_of_African_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of African countries by Human Development Index">11th best ranked</a> country in Africa in its <a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">Human Development Index</a>. </p><p>The total expenditure on health was 7.1% of GDP (2015). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Education">Education</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cape_Verde" title="Education in Cape Verde">Education in Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Finalistas_do_jardim_infantil.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Finalistas_do_jardim_infantil.jpg/250px-Finalistas_do_jardim_infantil.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Finalistas_do_jardim_infantil.jpg/375px-Finalistas_do_jardim_infantil.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Finalistas_do_jardim_infantil.jpg/500px-Finalistas_do_jardim_infantil.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="773" /></a><figcaption>A kindergarten graduation on Santiago Island</figcaption></figure> <p>Cape Verde has one of the best educational systems in Africa, ranked 8th by the World Education Forum in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the Cape Verdean educational system is similar to the Portuguese system, over the years the local universities have been increasingly adopting the American educational system; for instance, all ten existing universities in the country offer four-year bachelor's degree programs as opposed to five-year bachelor's degree programs that existed before 2010. Primary school education in Cape Verde is mandatory and free for children between the ages of six and fourteen years.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, the net enrolment ratio for primary school was 85%.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Approximately 91% of the total population over 15 years of age is literate,<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and roughly 25% of the population holds a college degree; a significant number of these college graduates hold doctorate degrees in different academic fields. Textbooks have been made available to 90 percent of school children, and 98 percent of the teachers have attended in-service teacher training.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although most children have access to education, some problems remain.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, there is insufficient spending on school materials, lunches, and books.<sup id="cite_ref-ilab_94-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ilab-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of October 2016<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>, there were 69 secondary schools throughout the archipelago (including 19 private secondary schools) and at least 10 universities in the country, which are based on the two islands of Santiago and São Vicente. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Universidade_de_Santiago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Universidade_de_Santiago.jpg/220px-Universidade_de_Santiago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Universidade_de_Santiago.jpg/330px-Universidade_de_Santiago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Universidade_de_Santiago.jpg/440px-Universidade_de_Santiago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1080" /></a><figcaption>University of Santiago</figcaption></figure> <p>In 2015, 23% of the Cape Verdean population had either attended or graduated from secondary schools. When it came to higher education, 9% of Cape Verdean men and 8% of Cape Verdean women held a bachelor's degree or had attended universities. The overall college education rate (i.e., college graduates and undergraduate students) in Cape Verde is about 24%, of the local college-age population.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The total expenditure on education was 5.6% of GDP (2010). The mean years of schooling of adults over 25 years is 12. </p><p>These trends were held in 2017. Cape Verde stands out in West Africa for the quality and inclusiveness of its higher education system. As of 2017, one in four young people attended university and one-third of students opted for fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Women made up one-third of students but two-thirds of graduates in 2018.<sup id="cite_ref-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Science_and_technology">Science and technology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Science and technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Cape_Verde" title="Science and technology in Cape Verde">Science and technology in Cape Verde</a></div> <p>In 2011, Cape Verde devoted just 0.07% of its GDP to research and development, among the lowest rates in West Africa. The Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Culture plan to strengthen the research and academic sectors by emphasizing greater mobility, through exchange programmes and international cooperation agreements. As part of this strategy, Cape Verde is participating in the Ibero-American academic mobility programme that expects to mobilize 200,000 academics between 2015 and 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_98-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cape Verde was ranked 90th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cape Verde counted 25 researchers in 2011, a researcher density of 51 per million inhabitants. The world average was 1,083 per million in 2013. All 25 researchers were working in the government sector in 2011 and one in three were women (36%). There was no research being conducted in either medical or agricultural sciences. Of the eight engineers involved in research and development, one was a woman. Three of the five researchers working in natural sciences were women, as were three of the six social scientists and two of the five researchers from the humanities.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_98-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, the government announced a project to build a technology park for business, research, and development. As of late 2020, the project, now named TechPark Cabo Verde, is slated for completion in June 2022. The project is funded by both the <a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">African Development Bank</a> and the government of Cape Verde. The goal of the endeavour, according to Cape Verde Minister of Finance <a href="/wiki/Olavo_Correia" title="Olavo Correia">Olavo Correia</a>, is "to attract large international companies to set up shop [in order] to help local companies and start-ups become more competitive".<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cape Verde has a high rate of internet penetration and a growing mobile phone market. The government has invested in improving ICT infrastructure and has created a number of initiatives to promote the development of the digital economy. The digital economy has the potential to create jobs, boost economic growth, and improve the quality of life for people in Cape Verde.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Crime">Crime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Crime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Cape_Verde" title="Crime in Cape Verde">Crime in Cape Verde</a></div> <p>Theft and burglary are common in Cape Verde, especially in crowded environments such as marketplaces, festivals, and celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-us_102-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Often the perpetrators of these crimes are gangs of street children.<sup id="cite_ref-us_102-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Murders are concentrated in the major population centres of Praia and Mindelo.<sup id="cite_ref-us_102-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-us-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cape_Verde" title="Culture of Cape Verde">Culture of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Musiciens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Musiciens.jpg/220px-Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Musiciens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Musiciens.jpg/330px-Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Musiciens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Musiciens.jpg/440px-Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras-Musiciens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3218" data-file-height="2306" /></a><figcaption>Cape Verdeans are a very musical people; The <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A3_das_Caldeiras" title="Chã das Caldeiras">Chã das Caldeiras</a> group is an example.</figcaption></figure> <p>The culture of Cape Verde is characterized by a mixture of African and European elements, while the language and religion are of European origin, several other aspects as dance and music are a unique blend of the cultural heritage of the two different continents. </p><p>Cape Verdean social and cultural patterns are unique.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Football games and church activities are typical sources of social interaction and entertainment.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The traditional walk around the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">praça</i></span> (<a href="/wiki/Town_square" title="Town square">town square</a>) to meet friends is practised regularly in Cape Verde towns.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Media_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Cape Verde">Media of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newspapers_of_Cape_Verde.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Newspapers_of_Cape_Verde.jpg/220px-Newspapers_of_Cape_Verde.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Newspapers_of_Cape_Verde.jpg/330px-Newspapers_of_Cape_Verde.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Newspapers_of_Cape_Verde.jpg/440px-Newspapers_of_Cape_Verde.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Newspapers of Cape Verde including <i>Expresso das Ilhas</i>, <i>A Nação</i> and <i>Já</i></figcaption></figure> <p>In towns with electricity, television is available on three channels; one state-owned (<a href="/wiki/RTC_(Cape_Verde)" title="RTC (Cape Verde)">RTC</a> – TCV) and three foreign-owned: RTI Cabo Verde launched by the Portuguese-based RTI in 2005; <a href="/wiki/Record_Cabo_Verde" title="Record Cabo Verde">Record Cabo Verde</a>, launched by the Brazilian-based <a href="/wiki/Rede_Record" class="mw-redirect" title="Rede Record">Rede Record</a> on 31 March 2007; and as of 2016, TV CPLP.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Prevoiusly included citation did not include this information (Peace Corp pamphlet) (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Premium channels available include the Cape Verdean versions of Boom TV and Zap Cabo Verde, two channels owned by Brazil's Record.<sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other premium channels are available in Cape Verde, especially satellite network channels which are common in hotels and villas, though availability is otherwise limited. One such channel is <a href="/wiki/RDP_%C3%81frica" title="RDP África">RDP África</a>, the African version of the Portuguese radio station <a href="/wiki/Radiodifus%C3%A3o_Portuguesa" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiodifusão Portuguesa">RDP</a>. </p><p>As of early 2023, about 99% of the Cape Verdean population own an active cellular phone, 70% have access to the Internet, 11% own a landline telephone, and 2% subscribe to local cable TV. In 2003, Cape Verde had 71,700 main line telephones with an additional 53,300 cellular phones in use throughout the country. </p><p>In 2004, there were seven radio stations, six independent and one state-owned. The media is operated by the Cape-Verdean News Agency (secondarily as <a href="/wiki/Inforpress" title="Inforpress">Inforpress</a>). Nationwide radio stations include RCV, RCV+, Radio Kriola, and the religious station Radio Nova. Local radio stations include Rádio Praia, the first radio station in Cape Verde; Praia FM, the first FM station in the nation; <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Barlavento" title="Rádio Barlavento">Rádio Barlavento</a>, <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Clube_do_Mindelo" title="Rádio Clube do Mindelo">Rádio Clube do Mindelo</a> and Radio Morabeza in Mindelo.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cape_Verde" title="Music of Cape Verde">Music of Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_%283%29.jpg/220px-Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_%283%29.jpg/330px-Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_%283%29.jpg/440px-Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora" title="Cesária Évora">Cesária Évora</a>, Cape Verdean singer</figcaption></figure> <p>The Cape Verdean people are known for their musicality, well expressed by popular manifestations such as the Carnival of Mindelo. Cape Verde music incorporates "African, Portuguese and Brazilian influences."<sup id="cite_ref-manuel_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-manuel-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cape Verde's quintessential national music is the <i><a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">morna</a></i>, a melancholy and lyrical song form typically sung in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Creole" title="Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</a>. The most popular music genre after <i>morna</i> is the <i><a href="/wiki/Coladeira" title="Coladeira">coladeira</a></i>, followed by <i><a href="/wiki/Funan%C3%A1" title="Funaná">funaná</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Batuque_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuque (music)">batuque</a></i> music. <a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora" title="Cesária Évora">Cesária Évora</a> was the best-known Cape Verdean singer in the world, known as the "barefoot diva", because she liked to perform barefooted on stage. She was also referred to as "The Queen of Morna"<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as opposed to her uncle <a href="/wiki/Bana_(singer)" title="Bana (singer)">Bana</a>, who was referred to as "King of Morna". The international success of Cesária Évora has made other Cape Verdean artists, or descendants of Cape Verdeans born in Portugal, gain more space in the music market. Examples of this are singers <a href="/wiki/Sara_Tavares" title="Sara Tavares">Sara Tavares</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lura_(singer)" title="Lura (singer)">Lura</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mayra_Andrade" title="Mayra Andrade">Mayra Andrade</a>. </p><p>Another great exponent of traditional music from Cape Verde was <a href="/wiki/Antoninho_Travadinha" title="Antoninho Travadinha">Antonio Vicente Lopes</a>, better known as Travadinha, and <a href="/wiki/Ildo_Lobo" title="Ildo Lobo">Ildo Lobo</a>, who died in 2004. The House of Culture in the center of the city of Praia is called Ildo Lobo House of Culture, in his honour. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance">Dance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Dance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cape Verdean traditional dance is a mix of West and Central African influences. The most popular dance style in Cape Verde is called “<a href="/wiki/Funan%C3%A1" title="Funaná">Funana</a>” which originated on the island of Santiago and is danced solo or in pairs with fast hip movements and a lively rhythm. Another popular dance style is “<a href="/wiki/Coladeira" title="Coladeira">Coladeira</a>” which is a slower dance style that originated on the island of Sao Vicente. “<a href="/wiki/Batuque_(music_and_dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuque (music and dance)">Batuque</a>” is another traditional Cape Verdean dance style that originated on the island of Santiago and involves a lot of hip movement and percussion. “<a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">Morna</a>” is another popular Cape Verdean dance style that originated on the island of Boa Vista and has a slow tempo with a melancholic melody. <a href="/wiki/Zouk" title="Zouk">Zouk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kizomba" title="Kizomba">Kizomba</a> are newer popular dance style in Cape Verde that originated in other countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praia-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_(1).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Praia-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_%281%29.jpg/220px-Praia-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_%281%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Praia-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_%281%29.jpg/330px-Praia-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_%281%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Praia-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_%281%29.jpg/440px-Praia-Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_%281%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><i>Fundação Amílcar Cabral</i>, in Praia</figcaption></figure> <p>Cape Verdean literature is one of the richest of Lusophone Africa. Famous poets include Paulino Vieira, Manuel de Novas, Sergio Frusoni, Eugénio Tavares, and B. Léza, and famous authors include <a href="/wiki/Baltasar_Lopes_da_Silva" title="Baltasar Lopes da Silva">Baltasar Lopes da Silva</a>, António Aurélio Gonçalves, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Lopes_(writer)" title="Manuel Lopes (writer)">Manuel Lopes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Orlanda_Amar%C3%ADlis" title="Orlanda Amarílis">Orlanda Amarílis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henrique_Teixeira_de_Sousa" title="Henrique Teixeira de Sousa">Henrique Teixeira de Sousa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arm%C3%A9nio_Vieira" title="Arménio Vieira">Arménio Vieira</a>, Kaoberdiano Dambará, Dr. Azágua, and <a href="/wiki/Germano_Almeida" title="Germano Almeida">Germano Almeida</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The first novel written by a woman from Cape Verde was <i>A Louca de Serrano</i> by <a href="/wiki/Dina_Sal%C3%BAstio" title="Dina Salústio">Dina Salústio</a>; its translation, as <i>The Madwoman of Serrano,</i> was the first translation of any Cape Verdean novel to English.<sup id="cite_ref-:12_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cinema">Cinema</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Cinema"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Carnival and the island of São Vicente are portrayed in the 2015 feature documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Tchindas" title="Tchindas">Tchindas</a></i>, nominated at the <a href="/wiki/12th_Africa_Movie_Academy_Awards" title="12th Africa Movie Academy Awards">12th Africa Movie Academy Awards</a>. It was the location for the 2023 French film <i><a href="/wiki/Ama_Gloria" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama Gloria">Ama Gloria</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Marie_Amachoukeli" title="Marie Amachoukeli">Marie Amachoukeli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cuisine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cachupa_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cachupa_2.jpg/220px-Cachupa_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cachupa_2.jpg/330px-Cachupa_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Cachupa_2.jpg/440px-Cachupa_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Cachupa, typical Cape Verdean dish</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_cuisine" title="Cape Verdean cuisine">Cape Verdean cuisine</a></div> <p>The Cape Verde diet is mostly based on fish and staple foods like corn and rice. Vegetables available during most of the year are potatoes, onions, tomatoes, <a href="/wiki/Manioc" class="mw-redirect" title="Manioc">manioc</a>, cabbage, kale, and dried beans. Fruits such as bananas and <a href="/wiki/Papaya" title="Papaya">papayas</a> are available year-round, while others like <a href="/wiki/Mango" title="Mango">mangoes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Avocado" title="Avocado">avocados</a> are seasonal.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A popular dish served in Cape Verde is <i><a href="/wiki/Cachupa" title="Cachupa">cachupa</a></i>, a slow-cooked stew of corn (hominy), beans, and fish or meat. A common appetizer is the <a href="/wiki/Pastel_(food)" title="Pastel (food)"><i>pastel</i></a>, a pastry shell filled with fish or meat which is then fried.<sup id="cite_ref-pc_45-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pc-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sports">Sports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Cabo_Verde_panorama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Cabo_Verde_panorama.jpg/330px-Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Cabo_Verde_panorama.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Cabo_Verde_panorama.jpg/495px-Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Cabo_Verde_panorama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Cabo_Verde_panorama.jpg/660px-Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Cabo_Verde_panorama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1042" data-file-height="232" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Est%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Cabo_Verde" title="Estádio Nacional de Cabo Verde">Estádio Nacional de Cabo Verde</a> in <a href="/wiki/Praia" title="Praia">Praia</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The country's most successful sports team is the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Cape Verde national basketball team">Cape Verde national basketball team</a>, which won the bronze medal at the <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Africa_Championship_2007" class="mw-redirect" title="FIBA Africa Championship 2007">FIBA Africa Championship 2007</a>, after beating <a href="/wiki/Egypt_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt national basketball team">Egypt</a> in its last game. They made their first appearance at the <a href="/wiki/FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="FIBA Basketball World Cup">FIBA Basketball World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/2023_FIBA_Basketball_World_Cup" title="2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup">2023</a>. The country's most well-known player is <a href="/wiki/Walter_Tavares" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Tavares">Walter Tavares</a>, who plays for <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_Baloncesto" title="Real Madrid Baloncesto">Real Madrid</a> of Spain. </p><p>Cape Verde is famous for wave sailing<sup id="cite_ref-:4_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (a type of windsurfing) and <a href="/wiki/Kitesurfing" class="mw-redirect" title="Kitesurfing">kiteboarding</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Josh Angulo, a Hawaiian and 2009 PWA Wave World Champion, has done much to promote the archipelago as a <a href="/wiki/Windsurfing" title="Windsurfing">windsurfing</a> destination.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mitu Monteiro, a local kitesurfer, was the 2008 <a href="/wiki/International_Kiteboarding_Association#Wave_Riding" title="International Kiteboarding Association">Kite Surfing World Champion</a> in the wave discipline. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_national_football_team" title="Cape Verde national football team">Cape Verde national football team</a>, nicknamed the <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">Tubarões Azuis</i></span> (Blue Sharks), is the national team of Cape Verde and is controlled by the <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Football_Federation" title="Cape Verdean Football Federation">Cape Verdean Football Federation</a>. The team has played at four <a href="/wiki/Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="Africa Cup of Nations">Africa Cup of Nations</a>, in <a href="/wiki/2013_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2013 Africa Cup of Nations">2013</a>, <a href="/wiki/2015_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2015 Africa Cup of Nations">2015</a>, <a href="/wiki/2021_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2021 Africa Cup of Nations">2021</a> and <a href="/wiki/2023_Africa_Cup_of_Nations" title="2023 Africa Cup of Nations">2023</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The country has competed at every <a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_at_the_Olympics" title="Cape Verde at the Olympics">Summer Olympics</a> since 1996; they had never won a medal until 2024, when <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Varela_de_Pina" title="Daniel Varela de Pina">Daniel Varela de Pina</a> become the first Cape Verdean to win a medal at the Olympic Games. In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Gracelino_Barbosa" title="Gracelino Barbosa">Gracelino Barbosa</a> became the first Cape Verdean to win a medal at the <a href="/wiki/Paralympic_Games" title="Paralympic Games">Paralympic Games</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cape_Verde" title="Transport in Cape Verde">Transport in Cape Verde</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ports">Ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CaisPortoNovo.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CaisPortoNovo.JPG/220px-CaisPortoNovo.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CaisPortoNovo.JPG/330px-CaisPortoNovo.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/CaisPortoNovo.JPG/440px-CaisPortoNovo.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption>Porto Novo harbour in Santo Antão</figcaption></figure> <p>There are four international ports: <a href="/wiki/Mindelo" title="Mindelo">Mindelo</a>, Praia, <a href="/wiki/Palmeira,_Cape_Verde" title="Palmeira, Cape Verde">Palmeira</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sal_Rei" title="Sal Rei">Sal Rei</a>. Mindelo on São Vicente is the main port for cruise ships and the terminus for the ferry service to Santo Antão. Praia on Santiago is the main hub for local ferry services to other islands. Palmeira on Sal supplies fuel for the main airport on the island, Amílcar Cabral International Airport, and is important for the hotel construction taking place on the island. <a href="/wiki/Porto_Novo,_Cape_Verde" title="Porto Novo, Cape Verde">Porto Novo</a> on Santo Antão is the only source for imports and exports of produce from the island as well as passenger traffic since the closure of the airstrip at <a href="/wiki/Ponta_do_Sol,_Cape_Verde" title="Ponta do Sol, Cape Verde">Ponta do Sol</a>. </p><p>There are smaller harbours, essentially single jetties at <a href="/wiki/Tarrafal,_Cape_Verde" title="Tarrafal, Cape Verde">Tarrafal</a> on São Nicolau, Sal Rei on Boa Vista, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Ingl%C3%AAs" title="Porto Inglês">Vila do Maio (Porto Inglês)</a> on Maio, <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Filipe,_Cape_Verde" title="São Filipe, Cape Verde">São Filipe</a> on Fogo and <a href="/wiki/Furna_(Brava)" title="Furna (Brava)">Furna</a> on Brava. These act as terminals for the inter-island ferry services, which carry both freight and passengers. The pier at <a href="/wiki/Santa_Maria,_Cape_Verde" title="Santa Maria, Cape Verde">Santa Maria</a> on Sal used by both fishing and dive boats has been rehabilitated. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airports">Airports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_airports_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of airports in Cape Verde">List of airports in Cape Verde</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aeroporto-Internacional-Aristides-Pereira-Terminal-2012.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Aeroporto-Internacional-Aristides-Pereira-Terminal-2012.JPG/220px-Aeroporto-Internacional-Aristides-Pereira-Terminal-2012.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Aeroporto-Internacional-Aristides-Pereira-Terminal-2012.JPG/330px-Aeroporto-Internacional-Aristides-Pereira-Terminal-2012.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Aeroporto-Internacional-Aristides-Pereira-Terminal-2012.JPG/440px-Aeroporto-Internacional-Aristides-Pereira-Terminal-2012.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4570" data-file-height="3436" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Aristides_Pereira_International_Airport" title="Aristides Pereira International Airport">Aristides Pereira International Airport</a> in Boa Vista island</figcaption></figure> <p>There were seven operational airports as of 2014<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> – four international and three domestic. Two others were non-operational, one on Brava and the other on Santo Antão closed for safety reasons. </p><p>Due to its geographical location, Cape Verde is often flown over by transatlantic airliners. It is part of the conventional air traffic route from Europe to South America, which goes from southern Portugal via the <a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a> and Cape Verde to northern Brazil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="International_airports">International airports</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: International airports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%ADlcar_Cabral_International_Airport" title="Amílcar Cabral International Airport">Amílcar Cabral International Airport</a>, Sal Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela_International_Airport" title="Nelson Mandela International Airport">Nelson Mandela International Airport</a>, Santiago Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristides_Pereira_International_Airport" title="Aristides Pereira International Airport">Aristides Pereira International Airport</a>, Boa Vista Island</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ces%C3%A1ria_%C3%89vora_Airport" title="Cesária Évora Airport">Cesária Évora Airport</a>, São Vicente Island</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aerial_drones">Aerial drones</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Aerial drones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Small unmanned <a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">flying drones</a> able to carry up to 5 kg were being used experimentally for tasks such as delivering medicines between the islands in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-nat.nsf/0/1437105f604ce363c1257082003ea54a/$FILE/Constitution%20Cape%20Verde%20-%20POR.pdf">"Constituição da República de Cabo Verde"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a> databases on international humanitarian law</i>. Article 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312062840/https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-nat.nsf/0/1437105f604ce363c1257082003ea54a/$FILE/Constitution%20Cape%20Verde%20-%20POR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICRC+databases+on+international+humanitarian+law&rft.atitle=Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Cabo+Verde&rft.pages=Article+9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fihl-databases.icrc.org%2Fapplic%2Fihl%2Fihl-nat.nsf%2F0%2F1437105f604ce363c1257082003ea54a%2F%24FILE%2FConstitution%2520Cape%2520Verde%2520-%2520POR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ine.cv/noticias/ine-apresenta-os-resultados-definitivos-do-v-recenseamento-geral-da-populacao-habitacao-rgph-2021/">"INE APRESENTA OS RESULTADOS DEFINITIVOS DO V RECENSEAMENTO GERAL DA POPULAÇÃO E HABITAÇÃO (RGPH-2021)"</a>. <i>Instituto Nacional de Estatística - INE</i>. 4 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estat%C3%ADstica+-+INE&rft.atitle=INE+APRESENTA+OS+RESULTADOS+DEFINITIVOS+DO+V+RECENSEAMENTO+GERAL+DA+POPULA%C3%87%C3%83O+E+HABITA%C3%87%C3%83O+%28RGPH-2021%29&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fine.cv%2Fnoticias%2Fine-apresenta-os-resultados-definitivos-do-v-recenseamento-geral-da-populacao-habitacao-rgph-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohn_Kerry2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Kerry" title="John Kerry">John Kerry</a> (8 July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/07/228873.htm">"On the Occasion of the Republic of Cabo Verde's National Day"</a>. U.S. Department of State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170121035312/https://2009-2017.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/07/228873.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 21 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 July</span> 2014</span>. <q>On behalf of President Obama and the people of the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, I send best wishes to Cabo Verdeans as you celebrate 39 years of independence on July 5.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=On+the+Occasion+of+the+Republic+of+Cabo+Verde%27s+National+Day&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.date=2014-07-08&rft.au=John+Kerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fsecretary%2Fremarks%2F2014%2F07%2F228873.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SpL-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SpL_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SpL_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmorim_NetoCosta_Lobo2010" class="citation ssrn cs1">Amorim Neto, Octávio; Costa Lobo, Marina (2010). "Between Constitutional Diffusion and Local Politics: Semi-Presidentialism in Portuguese-Speaking Countries". <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1644026">1644026</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=preprint&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+Research+Network&rft.atitle=Between+Constitutional+Diffusion+and+Local+Politics%3A+Semi-Presidentialism+in+Portuguese-Speaking+Countries&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1644026%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Amorim+Neto&rft.aufirst=Oct%C3%A1vio&rft.au=Costa+Lobo%2C+Marina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-totpop-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-totpop_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-totpop_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CV">"Population, total - Cabo Verde"</a>. <i>World Bank</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230924070759/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL?locations=CV">Archived</a> from the original on 24 September 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Bank&rft.atitle=Population%2C+total+-+Cabo+Verde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSP.POP.TOTL%3Flocations%3DCV&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.CV-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.CV_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.CV_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.CV_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.CV_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2023/October/weo-report?c=624,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=2020&ey=2028&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Cape Verde)"</a>. <i>IMF.org</i>. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2023+Edition.+%28Cape+Verde%29&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2023%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D624%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D2020%26ey%3D2028%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gini-index-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gini-index_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc&page=2">"GINI index"</a>. World Bank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131220051710/http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?order=wbapi_data_value_2002+wbapi_data_value+wbapi_data_value-last&sort=asc&page=2">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GINI+index&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Forder%3Dwbapi_data_value_2002%2Bwbapi_data_value%2Bwbapi_data_value-last%26sort%3Dasc%26page%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 March 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F2024&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NameNatGeo-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NameNatGeo_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NameNatGeo_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTanya_Basu2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Tanya Basu (12 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131213044150/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/">"Cape Verde Gets New Name: 5 Things to Know About How Maps Change"</a>. <i>National Geographic</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2013/12/131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa/">the original</a> on 13 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde+Gets+New+Name%3A+5+Things+to+Know+About+How+Maps+Change&rft.date=2013-12-12&rft.au=Tanya+Basu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.nationalgeographic.com%2Fnews%2F2013%2F12%2F131212-maps-cabo-verde-cartography-science-cape-verde-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:02-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:02_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-nat.nsf/0/1437105f604ce363c1257082003ea54a/$FILE/Constitution%20Cape%20Verde%20-%20POR.pdf">"Constituição da República de Cabo Verde"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_of_the_Red_Cross" title="International Committee of the Red Cross">ICRC</a> databases on international humanitarian law</i>. Article 9. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170312062840/https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/applic/ihl/ihl-nat.nsf/0/1437105f604ce363c1257082003ea54a/$FILE/Constitution%20Cape%20Verde%20-%20POR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 12 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ICRC+databases+on+international+humanitarian+law&rft.atitle=Constitui%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Cabo+Verde&rft.pages=Article+9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fihl-databases.icrc.org%2Fapplic%2Fihl%2Fihl-nat.nsf%2F0%2F1437105f604ce363c1257082003ea54a%2F%24FILE%2FConstitution%2520Cape%2520Verde%2520-%2520POR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/en/capeverde/">"Cape Verde: Islands, Municipalities, Cities & Urban Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information"</a>. <i>www.citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde%3A+Islands%2C+Municipalities%2C+Cities+%26+Urban+Localities+-+Population+Statistics%2C+Maps%2C+Charts%2C+Weather+and+Web+Information&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fen%2Fcapeverde%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lobban, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=K8KA40g7vnQC&pg=PA4">p. 4</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160125001356/https://books.google.com/books?id=K8KA40g7vnQC&pg=PA4">Archived</a> 25 January 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.panapress.com/Cabo-Verde-poe-fim-a-traducao-da-sua-designacao-oficial--3-885656-47-lang4-index.html">"Cabo Verde põe fim à tradução da sua designação oficial"</a> [Cabo Verde puts an end to translation of its official designation] (in Portuguese). Panapress. 31 October 2013. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131217224228/http://www.panapress.com/Cabo-Verde-poe-fim-a-traducao-da-sua-designacao-oficial--3-885656-47-lang4-index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cabo+Verde+p%C3%B5e+fim+%C3%A0+tradu%C3%A7%C3%A3o+da+sua+designa%C3%A7%C3%A3o+oficial&rft.pub=Panapress&rft.date=2013-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panapress.com%2FCabo-Verde-poe-fim-a-traducao-da-sua-designacao-oficial--3-885656-47-lang4-index.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Cabo-Verde/Cultural-life#ref516606">"Cabo Verde – Cultural life"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517175902/https://www.britannica.com/place/Cabo-Verde/Cultural-life#ref516606">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>Although there is no conclusive evidence that the islands were inhabited before the arrival of the Portuguese, cases may be made for visits by Phoenicians, Moors, and Africans in previous centuries.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Cabo+Verde+%E2%80%93+Cultural+life&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FCabo-Verde%2FCultural-life%23ref516606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/cape-verde-country-west-coast-africa">"Cape Verde, Country on the West Coast of Africa | South African History Online"</a>. <i>South Africa History Online</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517191416/https://www.sahistory.org.za/place/cape-verde-country-west-coast-africa">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>The early settlement in Cape Verde by Arab and African fishermen has only been related through oral history, and remains a part of the mythological stories of origin of the archipelago. It is generally agreed that the Islands where [sic] uninhabited when the Portuguese first landed in 1456.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South+Africa+History+Online&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde%2C+Country+on+the+West+Coast+of+Africa+%7C+South+African+History+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fplace%2Fcape-verde-country-west-coast-africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalter2013" class="citation book cs1">Halter, Marilyn (2013). "Cape Verdeans and Cape Verdean Americans, 1870–1940". In Barkan, Elliott Robert (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AP7QCteb0o0C&q=Cape+Verde"><i>Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration, Volume 1</i></a>. ABC-CLIO Publisher. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-219-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-219-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-219-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807060425/https://books.google.com/books?id=AP7QCteb0o0C&q=Cape+Verde">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>Although Cape Verdean folklore includes stories of landings by Arab and African fishermen prior to the sighting of the archipelago by Portuguese navigators in the mid-fifteenth century, most historians concur that it was uninhabited when the Portuguese began to settle there.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cape+Verdeans+and+Cape+Verdean+Americans%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.btitle=Immigrants+in+American+History%3A+Arrival%2C+Adaptation%2C+and+Integration%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO+Publisher&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-219-7&rft.aulast=Halter&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAP7QCteb0o0C%26q%3DCape%2BVerde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Carta regia</i> (royal letter) of 19 September 1462</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bn-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bn_18-23"><sup><i><b>x</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2835.htm">Cape Verde background note</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190604183534/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2835.htm">Archived</a> 4 June 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> . <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> (July 2008).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts1837" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Edmund (1837). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7317/view/1/17/"><i>Embassy to the Eastern Courts of Cochin-China, Siam, and Muscat</i></a>. New York: Harper & Brothers. p. 17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131109011955/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/7317/view/1/17/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Embassy+to+the+Eastern+Courts+of+Cochin-China%2C+Siam%2C+and+Muscat&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Edmund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wdl.org%2Fen%2Fitem%2F7317%2Fview%2F1%2F17%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/en:Journal_of_researches_into_the_natural_history_and_geology_of_the_countries_visited_during_the_voyage_of_H.M.S._Beagle_round_the_world/Chapter_1" class="extiw" title="s:en:Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of H.M.S. Beagle round the world/Chapter 1">Journal of researches into the natural history and geology of the countries visited during the voyage of HMS <i>Beagle</i> round the world – Chapter 1 at Wikisource, top part</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eu.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/2001/03/09/pedro-pires-wins-cape-verde/50302563007/">"Pedro Pires wins Cape Verde runoff"</a>. <i>New Bedford Standard-Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807060451/https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/2001/03/09/pedro-pires-wins-cape-verde/50302563007/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+Bedford+Standard-Times&rft.atitle=Pedro+Pires+wins+Cape+Verde+runoff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feu.southcoasttoday.com%2Fstory%2Fnews%2F2001%2F03%2F09%2Fpedro-pires-wins-cape-verde%2F50302563007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13150037">"Cape Verde profile – Timeline"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 8 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210418045724/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13150037">Archived</a> from the original on 18 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde+profile+%E2%80%93+Timeline&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-africa-13150037&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cn.reuters.com/article/us-capeverde-election-idUSKCN1231JO">"Cape Verde President Fonseca on track to win re-election"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 3 October 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304080705/https://cn.reuters.com/article/us-capeverde-election-idUSKCN1231JO">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde+President+Fonseca+on+track+to+win+re-election&rft.date=2016-10-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcn.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-capeverde-election-idUSKCN1231JO&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-capeverde-election-idUSKCN0WN10P">"Cape Verde opposition wins back parliament"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 21 March 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220304080731/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-capeverde-election-idUSKCN0WN10P">Archived</a> from the original on 4 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde+opposition+wins+back+parliament&rft.date=2016-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-capeverde-election-idUSKCN0WN10P&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/19/cape-verde-ruling-party-retains-power-after-winning-legislative-vote/">"Cape Verde ruling party retains power after winning legislative vote"</a>. 19 April 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220701131144/https://www.africanews.com/2021/04/19/cape-verde-ruling-party-retains-power-after-winning-legislative-vote/">Archived</a> from the original on 1 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cape+Verde+ruling+party+retains+power+after+winning+legislative+vote&rft.date=2021-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2021%2F04%2F19%2Fcape-verde-ruling-party-retains-power-after-winning-legislative-vote%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRodrigues2021" class="citation news cs1">Rodrigues, Julio (18 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/opposition-candidate-neves-wins-cape-verde-election-2021-10-18/">"Opposition candidate Neves wins Cape Verde election"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018085211/https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/opposition-candidate-neves-wins-cape-verde-election-2021-10-18/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Opposition+candidate+Neves+wins+Cape+Verde+election&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft.aulast=Rodrigues&rft.aufirst=Julio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fopposition-candidate-neves-wins-cape-verde-election-2021-10-18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.cn/english/2021-10/26/c_1310270402.htm">"Cape Verde's new president Jose Maria Neves to be sworn in on Nov. 9"</a>. <i>www.news.cn</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026135948/http://www.news.cn/english/2021-10/26/c_1310270402.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 26 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.news.cn&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde%27s+new+president+Jose+Maria+Neves+to+be+sworn+in+on+Nov.+9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.cn%2Fenglish%2F2021-10%2F26%2Fc_1310270402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/news/item/12-01-2024-who-certifies-cabo-verde-as-malaria-free--marking-a-historic-milestone-in-the-fight-against-malaria">"WHO certifies Cabo Verde as malaria-free, marking a historic milestone in the fight against malaria"</a>. <i>www.who.int</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.who.int&rft.atitle=WHO+certifies+Cabo+Verde+as+malaria-free%2C+marking+a+historic+milestone+in+the+fight+against+malaria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fnews%2Fitem%2F12-01-2024-who-certifies-cabo-verde-as-malaria-free--marking-a-historic-milestone-in-the-fight-against-malaria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-constitution-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-constitution_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/CapeVerde.pdf">"Constitution of Cape Verde"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110713081027/http://confinder.richmond.edu/admin/docs/CapeVerde.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 13 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Eleven+shot+dead+in+Cape+Verde%2C+including+two+Spanish+citizens&rft.date=2016-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-capeverde-killings-idUSKCN0XN2LA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pc-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pc_45-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170427225315/http://files.peacecorps.gov/manuals/welcomebooks/cvwb655.pdf">"The Peace Corps Welcomes You to Cape Verde"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Peace_Corps" title="Peace Corps">Peace Corps</a>. April 2006. 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(2021), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8">"North-East Atlantic Islands: The Macaronesian Archipelagos"</a>, <i>Encyclopedia of Geology</i>, Elsevier, pp. 674–699, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8">10.1016/b978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-08-102909-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-08-102909-1"><bdi>978-0-08-102909-1</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:226588940">226588940</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807060431/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780081029084000278?via%3Dihub">archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=North-East+Atlantic+Islands%3A+The+Macaronesian+Archipelagos&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Geology&rft.pages=674-699&rft.pub=Elsevier&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A226588940%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8&rft.isbn=978-0-08-102909-1&rft.aulast=Carracedo&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft.au=Troll%2C+Valentin+R.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1016%2Fb978-0-08-102908-4.00027-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R. Ramalho et al., 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_Bas2007" class="citation cs2">Le Bas, T.P. (2007), "Slope Failures on the Flanks of Southern Cape Verde Islands", in Lykousis, Vasilios (ed.), <i>Submarine mass movements and their consequences: 3rd international symposium</i>, Springer, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-6511-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4020-6511-8"><bdi>978-1-4020-6511-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Slope+Failures+on+the+Flanks+of+Southern+Cape+Verde+Islands&rft.btitle=Submarine+mass+movements+and+their+consequences%3A+3rd+international+symposium&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-4020-6511-8&rft.aulast=Le+Bas&rft.aufirst=T.P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-inmg-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inmg_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inmg_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-inmg_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.inmg.gov.cv/index.php/servicos/servicos-climaticos">"Normais Climatológicas"</a>. <i>www.inmg.gov.cv</i> (in European Portuguese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201229191802/https://www.inmg.gov.cv/index.php/servicos/servicos-climaticos">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.inmg.gov.cv&rft.atitle=Normais+Climatol%C3%B3gicas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.inmg.gov.cv%2Findex.php%2Fservicos%2Fservicos-climaticos&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalter2013" class="citation book cs1">Halter, Marilyn (2013). "Cape Verdeans and Cape Verdean Americans, 1870–1940". In Barkan, Elliott Robert (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AP7QCteb0o0C&q=Cape+Verde"><i>Immigrants in American History: Arrival, Adaptation, and Integration, Volume 1</i></a>. ABC-CLIO Publisher. p. 269. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-219-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-219-7"><bdi>978-1-59884-219-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230807060425/https://books.google.com/books?id=AP7QCteb0o0C&q=Cape+Verde">Archived</a> from the original on 7 August 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 May</span> 2021</span>. <q>The Cape Verde Islands...chain...was named after the westernmost tip of mainland Africa, the Cape Vert, and[,] while the term "Verde" (green) gives the impression of a lush and verdant landscape, nothing could be further from the truth. The islands are essentially a maritime extension of the dry and dusty Sahel semi-desert region, and the terrain is so arid and mountainous that less than 2 percent of the land is suitable for farming.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cape+Verdeans+and+Cape+Verdean+Americans%2C+1870%E2%80%931940&rft.btitle=Immigrants+in+American+History%3A+Arrival%2C+Adaptation%2C+and+Integration%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=269&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO+Publisher&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-219-7&rft.aulast=Halter&rft.aufirst=Marilyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAP7QCteb0o0C%26q%3DCape%2BVerde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DinersteinOlson2017_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDinersteinOlsonJoshiVynne2017" class="citation journal cs1">Dinerstein, Eric; Olson, David; Joshi, Anup; Vynne, Carly; Burgess, Neil D.; Wikramanayake, Eric; Hahn, Nathan; Palminteri, Suzanne; Hedao, Prashant; Noss, Reed; Hansen, Matt; Locke, Harvey; Ellis, Erle C; Jones, Benjamin; Barber, Charles Victor; Hayes, Randy; Kormos, Cyril; Martin, Vance; Crist, Eileen; Sechrest, Wes; Price, Lori; Baillie, Jonathan E. M.; Weeden, Don; Suckling, Kierán; Davis, Crystal; Sizer, Nigel; Moore, Rebecca; Thau, David; Birch, Tanya; Potapov, Peter; Turubanova, Svetlana; Tyukavina, Alexandra; de Souza, Nadia; Pintea, Lilian; Brito, José C.; Llewellyn, Othman A.; Miller, Anthony G.; Patzelt, Annette; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.; Timberlake, Jonathan; Klöser, Heinz; Shennan-Farpón, Yara; Kindt, Roeland; Lillesø, Jens-Peter Barnekow; van Breugel, Paulo; Graudal, Lars; Voge, Maianna; Al-Shammari, Khalaf F.; Saleem, Muhammad (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5451287">"An Ecoregion-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm"</a>. <i>BioScience</i>. <b>67</b> (6): 534–545. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014">10.1093/biosci/bix014</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioScience&rft.atitle=An+Ecoregion-Based+Approach+to+Protecting+Half+the+Terrestrial+Realm&rft.volume=67&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=534-545&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287%23id-name%3DPMC&rft.issn=0006-3568&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28608869&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fbiosci%2Fbix014&rft.aulast=Dinerstein&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft.au=Olson%2C+David&rft.au=Joshi%2C+Anup&rft.au=Vynne%2C+Carly&rft.au=Burgess%2C+Neil+D.&rft.au=Wikramanayake%2C+Eric&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Nathan&rft.au=Palminteri%2C+Suzanne&rft.au=Hedao%2C+Prashant&rft.au=Noss%2C+Reed&rft.au=Hansen%2C+Matt&rft.au=Locke%2C+Harvey&rft.au=Ellis%2C+Erle+C&rft.au=Jones%2C+Benjamin&rft.au=Barber%2C+Charles+Victor&rft.au=Hayes%2C+Randy&rft.au=Kormos%2C+Cyril&rft.au=Martin%2C+Vance&rft.au=Crist%2C+Eileen&rft.au=Sechrest%2C+Wes&rft.au=Price%2C+Lori&rft.au=Baillie%2C+Jonathan+E.+M.&rft.au=Weeden%2C+Don&rft.au=Suckling%2C+Kier%C3%A1n&rft.au=Davis%2C+Crystal&rft.au=Sizer%2C+Nigel&rft.au=Moore%2C+Rebecca&rft.au=Thau%2C+David&rft.au=Birch%2C+Tanya&rft.au=Potapov%2C+Peter&rft.au=Turubanova%2C+Svetlana&rft.au=Tyukavina%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=de+Souza%2C+Nadia&rft.au=Pintea%2C+Lilian&rft.au=Brito%2C+Jos%C3%A9+C.&rft.au=Llewellyn%2C+Othman+A.&rft.au=Miller%2C+Anthony+G.&rft.au=Patzelt%2C+Annette&rft.au=Ghazanfar%2C+Shahina+A.&rft.au=Timberlake%2C+Jonathan&rft.au=Kl%C3%B6ser%2C+Heinz&rft.au=Shennan-Farp%C3%B3n%2C+Yara&rft.au=Kindt%2C+Roeland&rft.au=Lilles%C3%B8%2C+Jens-Peter+Barnekow&rft.au=van+Breugel%2C+Paulo&rft.au=Graudal%2C+Lars&rft.au=Voge%2C+Maianna&rft.au=Al-Shammari%2C+Khalaf+F.&rft.au=Saleem%2C+Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC5451287&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/first-cabo-verde-missions/">"First Cabo Verde Missions Explore Earliest Roots of Atlantic Hurricanes"</a>. 14 September 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Cabo+Verde+Missions+Explore+Earliest+Roots+of+Atlantic+Hurricanes&rft.date=2022-09-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aoml.noaa.gov%2Ffirst-cabo-verde-missions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/wait-hurricane-formed-where-atlantic">https://www.climate.gov/news-features/event-tracker/wait-hurricane-formed-where-atlantic</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_085940_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Santa Maria / Sal (Int.Flugh.) / Kapverden (Rep. Kap Verde)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. DwD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200224193458/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_085940_kt.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 24 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimatafel+von+Santa+Maria+%2F+Sal+%28Int.Flugh.%29+%2F+Kapverden+%28Rep.+Kap+Verde%29&rft.pub=DwD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_085940_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_085890_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Praia / Sao Tiago / Kapverden (Rep. Kap Verde)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. DwD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201008193348/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_085890_kt.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 8 October 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimatafel+von+Praia+%2F+Sao+Tiago+%2F+Kapverden+%28Rep.+Kap+Verde%29&rft.pub=DwD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_085890_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_085830_kt.pdf">"Klimatafel von Mindelo / Sao Vicente / Kapverden (Rep. Kap Verde)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. DwD. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210915120624/https://www.dwd.de/DWD/klima/beratung/ak/ak_085830_kt.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 15 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimatafel+von+Mindelo+%2F+Sao+Vicente+%2F+Kapverden+%28Rep.+Kap+Verde%29&rft.pub=DwD&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dwd.de%2FDWD%2Fklima%2Fberatung%2Fak%2Fak_085830_kt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+sinking+feeling%3A+why+is+the+president+of+the+tiny+Pacific+island...-a0273079165">"A sinking feeling: why is the president of the tiny Pacific island nation of Nauru so concerned about climate change?"</a>. <i>New York Times Upfront</i>. 14 November 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150209212434/http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+sinking+feeling%3A+why+is+the+president+of+the+tiny+Pacific+island...-a0273079165">Archived</a> from the original on 9 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times+Upfront&rft.atitle=A+sinking+feeling%3A+why+is+the+president+of+the+tiny+Pacific+island+nation+of+Nauru+so+concerned+about+climate+change%3F&rft.date=2011-11-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FA%2Bsinking%2Bfeeling%253A%2Bwhy%2Bis%2Bthe%2Bpresident%2Bof%2Bthe%2Btiny%2BPacific%2Bisland...-a0273079165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilip_Andrew_Churm2023" class="citation web cs1">Philip Andrew Churm (22 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanews.com/2023/01/22/guterres-arrives-in-cabo-verde-to-raise-concerns-about-climate-change/">"UN chief arrives in Cabo Verde to raise concerns about climate change"</a>. <i>Africanews</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415182523/https://www.africanews.com/2023/01/22/guterres-arrives-in-cabo-verde-to-raise-concerns-about-climate-change/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Africanews&rft.atitle=UN+chief+arrives+in+Cabo+Verde+to+raise+concerns+about+climate+change&rft.date=2023-01-22&rft.au=Philip+Andrew+Churm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanews.com%2F2023%2F01%2F22%2Fguterres-arrives-in-cabo-verde-to-raise-concerns-about-climate-change%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/01/1132692">"Cabo Verde 'on the frontlines' of climate crisis, says Guterres ahead of Ocean Summit | UN News"</a>. <i>news.un.org</i>. 21 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415182523/https://news.un.org/en/story/2023/01/1132692">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.un.org&rft.atitle=Cabo+Verde+%27on+the+frontlines%27+of+climate+crisis%2C+says+Guterres+ahead+of+Ocean+Summit+%7C+UN+News&rft.date=2023-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2023%2F01%2F1132692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/01/26/debt-for-nature-portugal-is-trading-cape-verdes-national-debt-for-climate-investments">"Portugal leads way for Europe with Cape Verde debt-for-nature swap"</a>. <i>euronews</i>. 26 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415182523/https://www.euronews.com/green/2023/01/26/debt-for-nature-portugal-is-trading-cape-verdes-national-debt-for-climate-investments">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Portugal+leads+way+for+Europe+with+Cape+Verde+debt-for-nature+swap&rft.date=2023-01-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2Fgreen%2F2023%2F01%2F26%2Fdebt-for-nature-portugal-is-trading-cape-verdes-national-debt-for-climate-investments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/ebas/index.html?action=EbaHTMDetails.asp&sid=79&m=0">"Endemic Bird Areas: Cape Verde Islands"</a>. <i>Birdlife.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090102230740/http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/ebas/index.html?action=EbaHTMDetails.asp&sid=79&m=0">Archived</a> from the original on 2 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Birdlife.org&rft.atitle=Endemic+Bird+Areas%3A+Cape+Verde+Islands&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.birdlife.org%2Fdatazone%2Febas%2Findex.html%3Faction%3DEbaHTMDetails.asp%26sid%3D79%26m%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635/content"><i>Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194</i></a>. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terms+and+Definitions+FRA+2025+Forest+Resources+Assessment%2C+Working+Paper+194&rft.pub=Food+and+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenknowledge.fao.org%2Fserver%2Fapi%2Fcore%2Fbitstreams%2Fa6e225da-4a31-4e06-818d-ca3aeadfd635%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fra-data.fao.org/assessments/fra/2020/CPV/home/overview">"Global Forest Resources Assessment 2020, Cabo Verde"</a>. <i>Food Agriculture Organization of the United Nations</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Food+Agriculture+Organization+of+the+United+Nations&rft.atitle=Global+Forest+Resources+Assessment+2020%2C+Cabo+Verde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffra-data.fao.org%2Fassessments%2Ffra%2F2020%2FCPV%2Fhome%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">2010 Census — source: Instituto Nacional de Estatistica.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">2021 Census — source: Instituto Nacional de Estatistica.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Carlos Ferreira Couto, <i>Incerteza, adaptabilidade e inovação na sociedade rural da Ilha de Santiago de Cabo Verde</i>, Lisbon: Fundação Galouste Gulbenkian, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See now Brígida Rocha Brito and others, <i>Turismo em Meio Insular Africano: Potencialidades, constrangimentos e impactos</i>, Lisbon: Gerpress, 2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120611092910/http://www.infracoafrica.com/news.asp?id=11">"Turbines arrive for ground-breaking wind farm in Africa – InfraCo Limited"</a>. <i>Infracoafrica.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.infracoafrica.com/news.asp?id=11">the original</a> on 11 June 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Infracoafrica.com&rft.atitle=Turbines+arrive+for+ground-breaking+wind+farm+in+Africa+%E2%80%93+InfraCo+Limited&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infracoafrica.com%2Fnews.asp%3Fid%3D11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021_70-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021_70-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021_70-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UNESCO_Science_Report_2021_70-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchneegansStrazaLewis2021" class="citation book cs1">Schneegans, S.; Straza, T.; Lewis, J., eds. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377433/PDF/377433eng.pdf.multi"><i>UNESCO Science Report: the Race Against Time for Smarter Development</i></a>. Paris: UNESCO. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100450-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100450-6"><bdi>978-92-3-100450-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618233752/https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000377433/PDF/377433eng.pdf.multi">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Science+Report%3A+the+Race+Against+Time+for+Smarter+Development.&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-92-3-100450-6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fark%3A%2F48223%2Fpf0000377433%2FPDF%2F377433eng.pdf.multi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110513110352/http://www.mfw4a.org/cape-verde/cape-verde-financial-sector-profile.html">"MFW4A"</a>. <i>MFW4A</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mfw4a.org/cape-verde/cape-verde-financial-sector-profile.html">the original</a> on 13 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MFW4A&rft.atitle=MFW4A&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfw4a.org%2Fcape-verde%2Fcape-verde-financial-sector-profile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/country/cape-verde">"Cabo Verde – Data"</a>. <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811164323/http://data.worldbank.org/country/cape-verde">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cabo+Verde+%E2%80%93+Data&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Fcountry%2Fcape-verde&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news08_e/acc_capverde_june08_e.htm">"Cape Verde to join WTO on 23 July 2008"</a>. WTO News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080708091440/http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/news08_e/acc_capverde_june08_e.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 July 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cape+Verde+to+join+WTO+on+23+July+2008&rft.pub=WTO+News&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fnews_e%2Fnews08_e%2Facc_capverde_june08_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://macauhub.com.mo/2018/01/08/pt-governo-de-cabo-verde-aprova-aumento-do-salario-minimo-para-13-mil-escudos/">"Cape Verde government raises minimum wage to 13,000 escudos"</a>. <i>MacauHub</i>. 8 January 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180810072602/https://macauhub.com.mo/2018/01/08/pt-governo-de-cabo-verde-aprova-aumento-do-salario-minimo-para-13-mil-escudos/">Archived</a> from the original on 10 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BScholarly&rft.atitle=Countries+With+The+Best+Education+System+in+Africa+2023%3A+Top+15&rft.date=2023-01-09&rft.aulast=Chukwuemeka&rft.aufirst=Edeh+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbscholarly.com%2Fcountries-with-the-best-education-system-in-africa%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ilab-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_94-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_94-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ilab_94-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Cape Verde", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080828103410/http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/cape-verde.htm"><i>Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor (2001)</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_International_Labor_Affairs" title="Bureau of International Labor Affairs">Bureau of International Labor Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Labor" title="United States Department of Labor">United States Department of Labor</a>, 2002, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dol.gov/ilab/media/reports/iclp/tda2001/cape-verde.htm">the original</a> on 28 August 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde&rft.btitle=Findings+on+the+Worst+Forms+of+Child+Labor+%282001%29&rft.pub=Bureau+of+International+Labor+Affairs%2C+United+States+Department+of+Labor&rft.date=2002&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dol.gov%2Filab%2Fmedia%2Freports%2Ficlp%2Ftda2001%2Fcape-verde.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span> <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators">"World Development Indicators | Data"</a>. <i>Data.worldbank.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141220032256/http://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators">Archived</a> from the original on 20 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Data.worldbank.org&rft.atitle=World+Development+Indicators+%26%23124%3B+Data&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Fdata-catalog%2Fworld-development-indicators&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.ADT.LITR.ZS?end=2022&locations=CV&start=1990&view=chart">"Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) - Cabo Verde"</a>. The World Bank<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Literacy+rate%2C+adult+total+%28%25+of+people+ages+15+and+above%29+-+Cabo+Verde&rft.pub=The+World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSE.ADT.LITR.ZS%3Fend%3D2022%26locations%3DCV%26start%3D1990%26view%3Dchart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ine.cv/">"Instituto Nacional de Estatística Cabo Verde"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20010220170818/http://www.ine.cv:80/">Archived</a> from the original on 20 February 2001.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Instituto+Nacional+de+Estat%C3%ADstica+Cabo+Verde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ine.cv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_98-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_98-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf"><i>UNESCO Science Report: towards 2030</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. UNESCO. 2015. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-3-100129-1"><bdi>978-92-3-100129-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630025557/http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002354/235406e.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 30 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UNESCO+Science+Report%3A+towards+2030&rft.pub=UNESCO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-92-3-100129-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funesdoc.unesco.org%2Fimages%2F0023%2F002354%2F235406e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Intellectual_Property_Organization2024" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Intellectual_Property_Organization" title="World Intellectual Property Organization">World Intellectual Property Organization</a> (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2024/en/">"Global Innovation Index 2024: Unlocking the Promise of Social Entrepreneurship"</a>. <i>www.wipo.int</i>. p. 18. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34667%2Ftind.50062">10.34667/tind.50062</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-92-805-3681-2"><bdi>978-92-805-3681-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.wipo.int&rft.atitle=Global+Innovation+Index+2024%3A+Unlocking+the+Promise+of+Social+Entrepreneurship&rft.pages=18&rft.date=2024&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34667%2Ftind.50062&rft.isbn=978-92-805-3681-2&rft.au=World+Intellectual+Property+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wipo.int%2Fweb-publications%2Fglobal-innovation-index-2024%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://resilient.digital-africa.co/en/blog/2021/11/26/capeverde-small-country-big-digital-ambitions/">"Cape Verde: small country, big digital ambitions"</a>. <i>Resilient Digital Africa</i>. resilient.digital-africa.co. 26 November 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220124011053/https://resilient.digital-africa.co/en/blog/2021/11/26/capeverde-small-country-big-digital-ambitions/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Resilient+Digital+Africa&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde%3A+small+country%2C+big+digital+ambitions&rft.date=2021-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresilient.digital-africa.co%2Fen%2Fblog%2F2021%2F11%2F26%2Fcapeverde-small-country-big-digital-ambitions%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/cabo-verde-digital-economy">"Cabo Verde – Digital Economy"</a>. <i>www.trade.gov</i>. 31 July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230415190728/https://www.trade.gov/country-commercial-guides/cabo-verde-digital-economy">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.trade.gov&rft.atitle=Cabo+Verde+%E2%80%93+Digital+Economy&rft.date=2022-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trade.gov%2Fcountry-commercial-guides%2Fcabo-verde-digital-economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-us-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-us_102-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-us_102-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-us_102-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1083.html">"Cape Verde"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120125120707/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1083.html">Archived</a> 25 January 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. United States <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Consular_Affairs" title="Bureau of Consular Affairs">Bureau of Consular Affairs</a> (5 May 2008). <i>This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the <a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">public domain</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160204143148/http://www.cvmultimedia.cv/canais">"TV Record Cabo Verde disponível também nos canais a cabo em Cabo Verde"</a>. ZAP TV and BOOM TV. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvmultimedia.cv/canais">the original</a> on 4 February 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=TV+Record+Cabo+Verde+dispon%C3%ADvel+tamb%C3%A9m+nos+canais+a+cabo+em+Cabo+Verde&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvmultimedia.cv%2Fcanais&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-manuel-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-manuel_104-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Manuel1988" class="citation book cs1">Peter Manuel (1988). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/popularmusicsofn0000manu"><i>Popular Musics of the Non-Western World</i></a></span>. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/popularmusicsofn0000manu/page/95">95</a>–97. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506334-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-506334-9"><bdi>978-0-19-506334-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 November</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Musics+of+the+Non-Western+World&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=95-97&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-19-506334-9&rft.au=Peter+Manuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopularmusicsofn0000manu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPareles2011" class="citation news cs1">Pareles, Jon (19 December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/19/arts/music/cesaria-evora-morna-singer-from-cape-verde-dies.html">"Cesária Évora, Singer From Cape Verde, Dies at 70 (Published 2011)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111219234208/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/19/arts/music/cesaria-evora-morna-singer-from-cape-verde-dies.html">Archived</a> from the original on 19 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ces%C3%A1ria+%C3%89vora%2C+Singer+From+Cape+Verde%2C+Dies+at+70+%28Published+2011%29&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Pareles&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2011%2F12%2F19%2Farts%2Fmusic%2Fcesaria-evora-morna-singer-from-cape-verde-dies.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dedalusbooks.com/our-books/book.php?id=00000332">"The Madwoman of Serrano by Dina Salústio : Our Books :: Dedalus Books, Publishers of Literary Fiction"</a>. <i>www.dedalusbooks.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220329054606/http://www.dedalusbooks.com/our-books/book.php?id=00000332">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.dedalusbooks.com&rft.atitle=The+Madwoman+of+Serrano+by+Dina+Sal%C3%BAstio+%3A+Our+Books+%3A%3A+Dedalus+Books%2C+Publishers+of+Literary+Fiction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dedalusbooks.com%2Four-books%2Fbook.php%3Fid%3D00000332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:2_107-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoutar2017" class="citation web cs1">Soutar, Jethro (19 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brittlepaper.com/2021/07/translating-dina-salustio-cape-verdes-first-female-novelist-by-jethro-soutar-essay/">"Translating Dina Salústio, Cape Verde's First Female Novelist"</a>. <i>Brittle Paper</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707101951/https://brittlepaper.com/2021/07/translating-dina-salustio-cape-verdes-first-female-novelist-by-jethro-soutar-essay/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Brittle+Paper&rft.atitle=Translating+Dina+Sal%C3%BAstio%2C+Cape+Verde%27s+First+Female+Novelist&rft.date=2017-07-19&rft.aulast=Soutar&rft.aufirst=Jethro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrittlepaper.com%2F2021%2F07%2Ftranslating-dina-salustio-cape-verdes-first-female-novelist-by-jethro-soutar-essay%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlloCine" class="citation audio-visual cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">AlloCine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allocine.fr/film/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=297308.html"><i>àma Gloria</i></a> (in French)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2024</span> – via www.allocine.fr.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C3%A0ma+Gloria&rft.au=AlloCine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allocine.fr%2Ffilm%2Ffichefilm_gen_cfilm%3D297308.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:4-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_109-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_109-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planetwindsurfholidays.com/countries/cape-verde/cpv">"Cape Verde windsurfing Holidays"</a>. <i>www.planetwindsurfholidays.com</i>. Planet Travel Ltd, Brighton (United Kingdom). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416122358/https://www.planetwindsurfholidays.com/countries/cape-verde/cpv">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.planetwindsurfholidays.com&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde+windsurfing+Holidays&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planetwindsurfholidays.com%2Fcountries%2Fcape-verde%2Fcpv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://57hours.com/review/cape-verde-kiteboarding/">"Become a Waver Rider Kiteboarding in Cape Verde | 57hours"</a>. <i>57hours - Discover amazing outdoor adventures</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230416122357/https://57hours.com/review/cape-verde-kiteboarding/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=57hours+-+Discover+amazing+outdoor+adventures&rft.atitle=Become+a+Waver+Rider+Kiteboarding+in+Cape+Verde+%7C+57hours&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F57hours.com%2Freview%2Fcape-verde-kiteboarding%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/19883659">"Africa Cup of Nations: Cape Verde and Ethiopia qualify"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150327145930/http://www.bbc.com/sport/0/football/19883659">Archived</a> from the original on 27 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Africa+Cup+of+Nations%3A+Cape+Verde+and+Ethiopia+qualify&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fsport%2F0%2Ffootball%2F19883659&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/pt-002/rio-2016-cabo-verdiano-conquista-primeira-medalha-dos-palop-na-paralimp%C3%ADada/a-19540693">"Rio 2016: Cabo-verdiano conquista primeira medalha dos PALOP na Paralimpíada"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">Deutsche Welle</a></i> (in Portuguese). 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170116105012/https://www.dw.com/pt-002/rio-2016-cabo-verdiano-conquista-primeira-medalha-dos-palop-na-paralimp%C3%ADada/a-19540693">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Rio+2016%3A+Cabo-verdiano+conquista+primeira+medalha+dos+PALOP+na+Paralimp%C3%ADada&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fpt-002%2Frio-2016-cabo-verdiano-conquista-primeira-medalha-dos-palop-na-paralimp%25C3%25ADada%2Fa-19540693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-africa-59763425">"Drone delivers medical supplies to remote islands"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 31 December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220825200926/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-africa-59763425">Archived</a> from the original on 25 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Drone+delivers+medical+supplies+to+remote+islands&rft.date=2021-12-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fworld-africa-59763425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPimPierceWattsGrevemeyer2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pim, J.; Pierce, C.; Watts, A. B.; Grevemeyer, I.; Krabbenhoeft, A. (5 May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106212841/http://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/%7Etony/watts/downloads/Pim_etal_2008.pdf">"Crustal structure and origin of the Cape Verde Rise"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</i>. <b>272</b> (1–2): 422–428. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008E&PSL.272..422P">2008E&PSL.272..422P</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2008.05.012">10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.012</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earth.ox.ac.uk/~tony/watts/downloads/Pim_etal_2008.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 6 January 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.atitle=Crustal+structure+and+origin+of+the+Cape+Verde+Rise&rft.volume=272&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=422-428&rft.date=2008-05-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.epsl.2008.05.012&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2008E%26PSL.272..422P&rft.aulast=Pim&rft.aufirst=J.&rft.au=Pierce%2C+C.&rft.au=Watts%2C+A.+B.&rft.au=Grevemeyer%2C+I.&rft.au=Krabbenhoeft%2C+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earth.ox.ac.uk%2F~tony%2Fwatts%2Fdownloads%2FPim_etal_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarling2004" class="citation journal cs1">Carling, Jorgen (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227504366">"Emigration, Return and Development in Cape Verde: The Impact of Closing Borders"</a>. <i>Population, Space and Place</i>. <b>55</b> (10): 113–132. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4679%28199901%2955%3A1%3C117%3A%3AAID-JCLP12%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A">10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199901)55:1<117::AID-JCLP12>3.0.CO;2-A</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10100838">10100838</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Population%2C+Space+and+Place&rft.atitle=Emigration%2C+Return+and+Development+in+Cape+Verde%3A+The+Impact+of+Closing+Borders&rft.volume=55&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=113-132&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291097-4679%28199901%2955%3A1%3C117%3A%3AAID-JCLP12%3E3.0.CO%3B2-A&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10100838&rft.aulast=Carling&rft.aufirst=Jorgen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F227504366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamalhoHelffrichSchmidtVance2010" class="citation journal cs1">Ramalho, R.; Helffrich, G.; Schmidt, D.; Vance, D. (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geolsoc.org.uk/en/Publications/Supplementary%20Publications/2010/~/media/Files/GSL/shared/Sup_pubs/2010/18390SupPub.ashx">"Tracers of Uplift and Subsidence in the Cape Verde Archipelago"</a>. <i>Journal of the Geological Society</i>. <b>167</b> (3): 519–538. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGSoc.167..519R">2010JGSoc.167..519R</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.173.3419">10.1.1.173.3419</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2F0016-76492009-056">10.1144/0016-76492009-056</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:140566236">140566236</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Geological+Society&rft.atitle=Tracers+of+Uplift+and+Subsidence+in+the+Cape+Verde+Archipelago&rft.volume=167&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=519-538&rft.date=2010&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.173.3419%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A140566236%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2F0016-76492009-056&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2010JGSoc.167..519R&rft.aulast=Ramalho&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Helffrich%2C+G.&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+D.&rft.au=Vance%2C+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geolsoc.org.uk%2Fen%2FPublications%2FSupplementary%2520Publications%2F2010%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FGSL%2Fshared%2FSup_pubs%2F2010%2F18390SupPub.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACape+Verde" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cape_Verde&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Cabo_Verde" class="extiw" title="wikt:Cabo Verde">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Cape_Verde" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Cape Verde">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Cape_Verde" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Cape Verde">News</a> from Wikinews</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Cape_Verde" class="extiw" title="voy:Cape Verde">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><div class="side-box metadata side-box-right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/40px-Scholia_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/60px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Scholia_logo.svg/80px-Scholia_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="107" data-file-height="104" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Scholia" class="extiw" title="d:Wikidata:Scholia">Scholia</a> has a <i>country</i> profile for <i><b><a href="https://iw.toolforge.org/scholia/country/Q1011" class="extiw" title="toolforge:scholia/country/Q1011">Cape Verde</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_Cape_Verde" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of Cape Verde">Wikimedia Atlas of Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.governo.cv/">Official website of the Government of Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/cabo-verde/">Cape Verde</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2835.htm">Cape Verde</a> from <a href="/wiki/State.gov" class="mw-redirect" title="State.gov">State.gov</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13148486">Country Profile</a> from <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Cabo-Verde">Cape Verde</a> entry on <i>Encyclopædia Britannica</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081007032146/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/capeverde.htm">Cape Verde</a> from <i>UCB Libraries GovPubs</i></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=CV">Key Development Forecasts for Cape Verde</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/CPV/Year/2016/Summary">Cape Verde 2016</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Cape_Verde_topics" title="Template:Cape Verde topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Cape_Verde_topics" title="Template talk:Cape Verde topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cape_Verde_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Cape Verde topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Cape_Verde_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cape Verde</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cape_Verde%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Cape Verde–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Cape_Verde" title="History of Cape Verde">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Colonial era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of colonial governors of Cape Verde">governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Santiago_(1585)" title="Capture of Santiago (1585)">Capture of Santiago (1585)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Famine_in_Cape_Verde" title="Famine in Cape Verde">Famines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verde_in_World_War_II" title="Cape Verde in World War II">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Guinea_and_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde">PAIGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde">PAICV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cape_Verde" title="Geography of Cape Verde">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_Cape_Verde" title="Administrative divisions of Cape Verde">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of cities and towns in Cape Verde">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Cape_Verde#Climate" title="Geography of Cape Verde">Climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of Cape Verde">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="List of islands of Cape Verde">Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barlavento_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Barlavento Islands">Barlavento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sotavento_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Sotavento Islands">Sotavento</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mountains_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of mountains in Cape Verde">Mountains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of ports in Cape Verde">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_streams_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of streams of Cape Verde">Streams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_and_settlements_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of villages and settlements in Cape Verde">Villages and settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of volcanoes in Cape Verde">Volcanoes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_of_Cape_Verde" title="Wildlife of Cape Verde">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Cape_Verde" title="Politics of Cape Verde">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Cape_Verde" title="Elections in Cape Verde">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Cape_Verde" title="Foreign relations of Cape Verde">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Cape_Verde" title="Human rights in Cape Verde">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Cape_Verde" title="LGBT rights in Cape Verde">LGBT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Cape_Verde" title="Law enforcement in Cape Verde">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Armed_Forces" title="Cape Verdean Armed Forces">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Cape_Verde)" title="National Assembly (Cape Verde)">National Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Cape_Verde" title="List of political parties in Cape Verde">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of presidents of Cape Verde">President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of prime ministers of Cape Verde">Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Cape_Verde" title="Economy of Cape Verde">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Agriculture in Cape Verde">Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_companies_of_Cape_Verde" title="List of companies of Cape Verde">Companies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Cape_Verde" title="Energy in Cape Verde">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_escudo" title="Cape Verdean escudo">Escudo <span style="font-size:85%;">(currency)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsa_de_Valores_de_Cabo_Verde" title="Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde">Stock market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Cape_Verde" title="Telecommunications in Cape Verde">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Cape_Verde" title="Tourism in Cape Verde">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Cape_Verde" title="Transport in Cape Verde">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_unions_in_Cape_Verde" title="Trade unions in Cape Verde">Unions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Cape_Verde" title="Culture of Cape Verde">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basketball_in_Cape_Verde" title="Basketball in Cape Verde">Basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Creole" title="Cape Verdean Creole">Cape Verdean Creole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_Portuguese" title="Cape Verdean Portuguese">Cape Verdean Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdeans" title="Cape Verdeans">Cape Verdeans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cape_Verdeans" title="List of Cape Verdeans">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Cape_Verde" title="Crime in Cape Verde">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_Verdean_cuisine" title="Cape Verdean cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Cape_Verde" title="Demographics of Cape Verde">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Cape_Verde" title="Education in Cape Verde">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_Cape_Verde" title="National emblem of Cape Verde">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Cape_Verde" title="Flag of Cape Verde">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_in_Cape_Verde" title="Football in Cape Verde">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Cape_Verde" title="Health in Cape Verde">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Media of Cape Verde">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cape_Verde" title="Music of Cape Verde">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Cape_Verde" title="Public holidays in Cape Verde">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Cape_Verde" title="Religion in Cape Verde">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Cape_Verde" title="Outline of Cape Verde">Outline</a></span></li><li><span class="nobold"><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Cape_Verde%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of Cape Verde–related articles">Index</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cape_Verde" title="Category:Cape Verde">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Related_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Related_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related articles</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Countries_of_Africa" title="Template talk:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Countries_of_Africa" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Countries of Africa"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Countries_and_territories_of_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories_in_Africa" title="List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa">Countries and territories</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_state" title="Sovereign state">Sovereign states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benin" title="Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burkina_Faso" title="Burkina Faso">Burkina Faso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burundi" title="Burundi">Burundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cameroon" title="Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic" title="Central African Republic">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djibouti" title="Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> (partly in Asia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eritrea" title="Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabon" title="Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gambia" title="The Gambia">The Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea" title="Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia" title="Liberia">Liberia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi" title="Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morocco" title="Morocco">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niger" title="Niger">Niger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rwanda" title="Rwanda">Rwanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seychelles" title="Seychelles">Seychelles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone" title="Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Sudan" title="South Sudan">South Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan" title="Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togo" title="Togo">Togo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisia" title="Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding:0 0.5em;"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/100px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/150px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/200px-Africa_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">States with limited<br />recognition</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_Arab_Democratic_Republic" title="Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic">Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic</a> (<a href="/wiki/Territorial_dispute" title="Territorial dispute">unclear sovereignty</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependent<br />territories</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Îles Éparses</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">African territories<br />fully part of<br />non-African states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pantelleria" title="Pantelleria">Pantelleria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelagie_Islands" title="Pelagie Islands">Pelagie Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savage_Islands" title="Savage Islands">Savage Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_soberan%C3%ADa" title="Plazas de soberanía">Plazas de soberanía</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Africa" title="Category:Africa">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Africa" title="Portal:Africa">Africa portal</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="African_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:African_Union" title="Template:African Union"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:African_Union" title="Template talk:African Union"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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href="/wiki/African_and_Malagasy_Union" title="African and Malagasy Union">African and Malagasy Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Abuja Treaty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirte_Declaration" title="Sirte Declaration">Sirte Declaration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutive_Act_of_the_African_Union" title="Constitutive Act of the African Union">Lome Summit</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Organisation of African Unity">Organisation of African Unity</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Chairperson of the Organisation of African Unity">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_General_of_the_Organisation_of_African_Unity" title="Secretary General of the Organisation of African Unity">Secretary General</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_the_African_Union" title="Geography of the African Union">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Countries_bordering_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Countries bordering the African Union">Borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_points_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme points of the African Union">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_African_Union" title="Member states of the African Union">Member states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_the_African_Union" title="Regions of the African Union">Regions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organs_of_the_African_Union" title="Organs of the African Union">Organs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Council_of_the_African_Union" title="Executive Council of the African Union">Executive Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Representatives%27_Committee_of_the_African_Union" title="Permanent Representatives' Committee of the African Union">Permanent Representatives' Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Specialised_Technical_Committees_of_the_African_Union" title="Specialised Technical Committees of the African Union">Specialized Technical Committees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_the_African_Union" title="Assembly of the African Union">Assembly</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union" title="Chairperson of the African Union">Chairperson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Commission" title="African Union Commission">Commission</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson_of_the_African_Union_Commission" title="Chairperson of the African Union Commission">Deputy Chairperson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Conference_Center_and_Office_Complex" title="African Union Conference Center and Office Complex">AUCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_African_Union_Commission_Chairperson_election" title="2025 African Union Commission Chairperson election">2025 election</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-African_Parliament" title="Pan-African Parliament">Pan-African Parliament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Bureau of the Pan-African Parliament">Bureau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_the_Pan-African_Parliament" title="Secretariat of the Pan-African Parliament">Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Convention_Centre" title="Gallagher Convention Centre">Gallagher Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Court_of_Justice_of_the_African_Union" title="Court of Justice of the African Union">African Court of Justice</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Court_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economic,_Social_and_Cultural_Council" title="Economic, Social and Cultural Council">ECOSOCC Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Committee" title="Peace and Security Committee">Peace and Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Political Affairs Committee (African Union)">Political Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_and_Energy_Committee" title="Infrastructure and Energy Committee">Infrastructure and Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Affairs_and_Health_Committee" title="Social Affairs and Health Committee">Social Affairs and Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Resources,_Science,_and_Technology_Committee" title="Human Resources, Science, and Technology Committee">HR, Sciences and Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_and_Industry_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Trade and Industry Committee (African Union)">Trade and Industry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rural_Economy_and_Agriculture_Committee" title="Rural Economy and Agriculture Committee">Rural Economy and Agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_Affairs_Committee_(African_Union)" title="Economic Affairs Committee (African Union)">Economic Affairs</a></li> <li>Women and Gender</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-Cutting_Programs_Committee" title="Cross-Cutting Programs Committee">Cross-Cutting Programs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Central_Bank" title="African Central Bank">African Central Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Fund" title="African Monetary Fund">African Monetary Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Investment_Bank" title="African Investment Bank">African Investment Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Peace_and_Security_Council" title="Peace and Security Council">Peace and Security Council</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Capacity_for_Immediate_Response_to_Crises" title="African Capacity for Immediate Response to Crises">ACIRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Standby_Force" title="African Standby Force">African Standby Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panel_of_the_Wise" title="Panel of the Wise">Panel of the Wise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations%E2%80%93African_Union_Mission_in_Darfur" title="United Nations–African Union Mission in Darfur">UNAMID</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Burundi" title="African Union Mission in Burundi">AMIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_in_Sudan" title="African Union Mission in Sudan">AMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Mission_to_Somalia" title="African Union Mission to Somalia">AMISOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MISCA" title="MISCA">MISCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised agencies and institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Centres_for_Disease_Control_and_Prevention" title="Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention">Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Politics of the African Union">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Peer_Review_Mechanism" title="African Peer Review Mechanism">APRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_African_Union" title="Foreign relations of the African Union">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Charter_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Commission_on_Human_and_Peoples%27_Rights" title="African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights">African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enlargement_of_the_African_Union" title="Enlargement of the African Union">Enlargement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Africa_Command" title="United States Africa Command">United States Africa Command</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States military bases">United States military bases</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_ambassadors_to_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United States ambassadors to the African Union">United States ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union%E2%80%93Ethiopia_relations" title="African Union–Ethiopia relations">African Union–Ethiopia relations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Symbols_of_the_African_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="Symbols of the African Union">Symbols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Let_Us_All_Unite_and_Celebrate_Together" title="Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emblem_of_the_African_Union" title="Emblem of the African Union">Emblem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_African_Union" title="Flag of the African Union">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Union_Passport" title="African Union Passport">Passport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_African_Union" title="Economy of the African Union">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa" title="List of central banks of Africa">Currencies</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_standard#Advocates" title="Gold standard">Gold standard</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Development_Bank" title="African Development Bank">Development Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Economic_Community" title="African Economic Community">African Economic Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Partnership_for_Africa%27s_Development" title="New Partnership for Africa's Development">NEPAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Continental_Free_Trade_Area" title="African Continental Free Trade Area">African Continental Free Trade Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_African_Air_Transport_Market" title="Single African Air Transport Market">Single African Air Transport Market</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africa_Day" title="Africa Day">Africa Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Border_Day" title="African Border Day">African Border Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Monetary_Union" title="African Monetary Union">Afro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Africa" title="United States of Africa">United States of Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_of_Latin_Africa" title="United States of Latin Africa">United States of Latin Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_African_Federation" title="East African Federation">East African Federation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:African_Union" title="Category:African Union">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries_(CPLP)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Template:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Template talk:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Community of Portuguese Language Countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries_(CPLP)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a> (CPLP)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Member states of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Membership</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equatorial_Guinea" title="Equatorial Guinea">Equatorial Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guinea-Bissau" title="Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique" title="Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">Timor-Leste </a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Observers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Republic" title="Czech Republic">Czech Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece" title="Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivory_Coast" title="Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ibero-American_States" title="Organization of Ibero-American States">Organization of Ibero-American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Namibia" title="Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar" title="Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovakia" title="Slovakia">Slovakia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbia" title="Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_CPLP.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/150px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/225px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_CPLP.svg/300px-Flag_CPLP.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1052" data-file-height="701" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organization</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Executive Secretary of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Executive Secretariat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_the_Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Flag of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Flag of the CPLP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CPLP_Games" title="CPLP Games">CPLP Games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries#CPLP_Summits" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">CPLP Summits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_CPLP_Summit" title="1st CPLP Summit">I – Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_CPLP_Summit" title="2nd CPLP Summit">II – Praia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_CPLP_Summit" title="3rd CPLP Summit">III – Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_CPLP_Summit" title="4th CPLP Summit">IV – Brasília</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_CPLP_Summit" title="5th CPLP Summit">V – São Tomé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_CPLP_Summit" title="6th CPLP Summit">VI – Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_CPLP_Summit" title="7th CPLP Summit">VII – Lisbon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_CPLP_Summit" title="8th CPLP Summit">VIII – Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th_CPLP_Summit" title="9th CPLP Summit">IX – Maputo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_CPLP_Summit" title="10th CPLP Summit">X – Díli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11th_CPLP_Summit" title="11th CPLP Summit">XI – Brasília</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12th_CPLP_Summit" title="12th CPLP Summit">XII – Ilha do Sal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=13th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="13th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIII – Luanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=14th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="14th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIV – São Tomé</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=15th_CPLP_Summit&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="15th CPLP Summit (page does not exist)">XIV – Bissau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_literature" title="Portuguese literature">Portuguese literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophone">Lusophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lusophone_music" title="Lusophone music">Lusophone music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACOLOP" title="ACOLOP">ACOLOP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lusophony_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Lusophony Games">Lusophony Games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries where Portuguese is an official language">Countries with Portuguese as an official language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_organisations_which_have_Portuguese_as_an_official_language" title="List of international organisations which have Portuguese as an official language">International organizations with Portuguese as an official languages</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Category:Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Portuguese_Empire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Template talk:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese_overseas_empire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Portuguese overseas empire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Portuguese_Empire" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire" title="Portuguese Empire">Portuguese Empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1415–1640</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1458–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ksar_es-Seghir" title="Ksar es-Seghir">Alcácer Ceguer <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Qsar es Seghir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Asilah" title="Portuguese Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Tangier" title="Portuguese Tangier">Tangier</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1485–1550</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1487–16th century</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ouadane" title="Ouadane">Ouadane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1488–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Safi,_Morocco" title="Safi, Morocco">Safim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Safi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1489</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Graciosa_fortress" title="Graciosa fortress">Graciosa</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Agadir" title="Agadir">Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué <span style="font-size:85%;">(Agadir)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Essaouira" title="Essaouira">Mogador <span style="font-size:85%;">(Essaouira)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1525</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Souira_Guedima" title="Souira Guedima">Aguz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Souira Guedima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1769</td><td> <a href="/wiki/El_Jadida" title="El Jadida">Mazagan <span style="font-size:85%;">(El Jadida)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1513–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Azemmour" title="Azemmour">Azamor <span style="font-size:85%;">(Azemmour)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1541</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mehdya,_Morocco" title="Mehdya, Morocco">São João da Mamora <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mehdya)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1577–1589</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Asilah" title="Asilah">Arzila <span style="font-size:85%;">(Asilah)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)"><img alt="Anachronous map of the Portuguese Empire (1415-1999)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/300px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/450px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png/600px-Portugal_Imp%C3%A9rio_total.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="625" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Sub-Saharan_Africa" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sub-Saharan Africa</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1455–1633</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguim</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1462–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Cape_Verde" title="Portuguese Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1470–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_Island" title="São Tomé Island">São Tomé</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1471–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Príncipe">Príncipe</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1474–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Annob%C3%B3n" title="Annobón">Annobón</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1478–1778</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bioko" title="Bioko">Fernando Poo <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bioko)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1637</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Elmina" title="Elmina">Elmina <span style="font-size:85%;">(São Jorge da Mina)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1482–1642</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Gold_Coast" title="Portuguese Gold Coast">Portuguese Gold Coast</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1540</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mascarene_Islands" title="Mascarene Islands">Mascarene Islands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1630</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Malindi" title="Malindi">Malindi</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1501–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Mozambique" title="Portuguese Mozambique">Portuguese Mozambique</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1502–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1503–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Zanzibar" title="Zanzibar">Zanzibar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1505–1512</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kilwa_Kisiwani" title="Kilwa Kisiwani">Quíloa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kilwa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1511</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Socotra" title="Socotra">Socotra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1508–1547<sup><small>2</small></sup></td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1578</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1575–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Cacheu" title="Cacheu">Cacheu</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1593–1698</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1645–1888</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ziguinchor" title="Ziguinchor">Ziguinchor</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Fort_of_S%C3%A3o_Jo%C3%A3o_Baptista_de_Ajud%C3%A1" title="Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá">São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1687–1974</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Bissau" title="Bissau">Bissau</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1728–1729</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mombasa" title="Mombasa">Mombassa <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mombasa)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1753–1975</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1879–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1885–1974</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cabinda_Province" title="Cabinda Province">Portuguese Congo</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a> from 1753.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Or 1600.</li><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> A factory (<a href="/wiki/Anosy" title="Anosy">Anosy Region</a>) and small temporary coastal bases.</li><li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Guinea" title="Portuguese Guinea">Portuguese Guinea</a> from 1879.</li><li><sup><small>5</small></sup> Part of <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Angola" title="Portuguese Angola">Portuguese Angola</a> from the 1920s.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="Middle_East_&#91;Persian_Gulf&#93;" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Middle East [Persian Gulf]</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1506–1615</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Gamru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bandar Abbas)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1507–1643</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Sohar" title="Sohar">Sohar</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ormus" title="Ormus">Hormuz <span style="font-size:85%;">(Ormus)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qurayyat,_Oman" title="Qurayyat, Oman">Quriyat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qalhat" title="Qalhat">Qalhat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1650</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muscat" title="Muscat">Muscat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Barka,_Oman" title="Barka, Oman">Barka</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1633?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ras_Al_Khaimah" title="Ras Al Khaimah">Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah)</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1602</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Bahrain" title="Bahrain">Bahrain</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Muharraq" title="Muharraq">Muharraq</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manama" title="Manama">Manama</a>)</span></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521–1529?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1521?–1551?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Tarout_Island" title="Tarout Island">Tarut Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1550–1551</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qatif" title="Qatif">Qatif</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1588–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Muttrah" title="Muttrah">Matrah</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1620–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khor_Fakkan" title="Khor Fakkan">Khor Fakkan</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Seeb" title="Seeb">As Sib</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1622</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Qeshm_Island" title="Qeshm Island">Qeshm</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Khasab" title="Khasab">Khasab</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1623–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Al_Badiyah" title="Al Badiyah">Libedia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kalba" title="Kalba">Kalba</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Madha" title="Madha">Madha</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624–1648</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dibba_Al-Hisn" title="Dibba Al-Hisn">Dibba Al-Hisn</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1624?–?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kong,_Iran" title="Kong, Iran">Bandar-e Kong</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South Asia</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1498–1545</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Lakshadweep" title="Lakshadweep">Laccadive Islands<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Lakshadweep)</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1500–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Cochim <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kochi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1501–1663</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kannur" title="Kannur">Cannanore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kannur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1502–1658<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1659–1661</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Quilon<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Coulão / Kollam)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1502–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pallippuram,_Ernakulam" title="Pallippuram, Ernakulam">Pallipuram <span style="font-size:85%;">(Cochin de Cima)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1507–1657</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Negapatam" title="Portuguese Negapatam">Negapatam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Nagapatnam)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1510–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Goa" title="Goa">Goa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"> • 1512–1525<br /><span style="padding-left:0.65em;"> </span>1750</div></td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Kozhikode" title="Kozhikode">Calicut<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Kozhikode)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1518–1619</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Pulicat" title="Pulicat">Portuguese Paliacate outpost <span style="font-size:85%;">(Pulicat)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1521–1740</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1523–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1528–1666</td><td> <div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_settlement_in_Chittagong" title="Portuguese settlement in Chittagong">Chittagong<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Porto Grande De Bengala)</span></a></div></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaul" title="Chaul">Chaul</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1531–1571</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Chaliyam" title="Chaliyam">Chalé</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1601</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Salsette_Island" title="Salsette Island">Salsette Island</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1661</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Bombay <span style="font-size:85%;">(Mumbai)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ponnani" title="Ponnani">Ponnani</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1535–1739</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Vasai-Virar" title="Vasai-Virar">Baçaím <span style="font-size:85%;">(Vasai-Virar)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1536–1662</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kodungallur" title="Kodungallur">Cranganore <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kodungallur)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1540–1612</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Surat" title="Surat">Surat</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1548–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Thoothukudi" title="Thoothukudi">Tuticorin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Thoothukudi)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1559–1961</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Daman_and_Diu" title="Daman and Diu">Daman and Diu</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1568–1659</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mangalore" title="Mangalore">Mangalore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  </td><td> (Portuguese India)</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1579–1632</td><td><a href="/wiki/Hugli-Chuchura" title="Hugli-Chuchura">Hugli</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1598–1610</td><td><a href="/wiki/Machilipatnam" title="Machilipatnam">Masulipatnam <span style="font-size:85%;">(Machilipatnam)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1521</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1518–1658</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Ceylon" title="Portuguese Ceylon">Portuguese Ceylon <span style="font-size:85%;">(Sri Lanka)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1558–1573</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maldives" title="Maldives">Maldives</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1687–1749</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Mylapore" title="Mylapore">Mylapore</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese India </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1779–1954</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Dadra_and_Nagar_Haveli" class="mw-redirect" title="Dadra and Nagar Haveli">Dadra and Nagar Haveli</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="East_Asia_and_Oceania" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">East Asia and Oceania</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1511–1641</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Malacca" title="Portuguese Malacca">Portuguese Malacca</a> [Malaysia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1621</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Maluku_Islands" title="Maluku Islands">Maluku</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1522–1575</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ternate" title="Ternate">Ternate</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1576–1605</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Ambon_Island" title="Ambon Island">Ambon</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1650</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Tidore" title="Tidore">Tidore</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1512–1665</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Makassar" title="Makassar">Makassar</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1515–1859</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Larantuka" title="Kingdom of Larantuka">Larantuka</a> [Indonesia]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1557–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Macau</a> [China]</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1580–1586</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Nagasaki" title="Portuguese Nagasaki">Nagasaki</a> [Japan]</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1642–1975</td><td> <span style="position:relative; bottom:0.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Timor" title="Portuguese Timor">Portuguese Timor</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/East_Timor" title="East Timor">East Timor</a>)</span><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-3"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> <br /><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Macau" title="Portuguese Macau">Portuguese Macau</a> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1864–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Coloane" title="Coloane">Coloane</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1851–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Taipa" title="Taipa">Taipa</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1890–1999</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Ilha_Verde" title="Ilha Verde">Ilha Verde</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>20th century</b></span> <br />Portuguese Macau </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1938–1941</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Hengqin" title="Hengqin">Lapa and Montanha <span style="font-size:85%;">(Hengqin)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="plainlist" style="padding:0.5em 0 0.75em 0.25em;font-size:90%;line-height:1.2em;"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> 1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_invasion_of_East_Timor" title="Indonesian invasion of East Timor">invasion by Indonesia</a>. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="North_America_and_North_Atlantic" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">North America and North Atlantic</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>15th century</b> [Atlantic islands]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1420</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></b></i></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1432</td><td> <i><b><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></b></i></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b> [Canada]</span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Terra Nova <span style="font-size:85%;">(Newfoundland)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1516–1579?</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Nova_Scotia" title="Nova Scotia">Nova Scotia</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:transparent;text-align:left;"><div id="South_America_and_Caribbean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">South America and Caribbean</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-left:1.0em;text-align:left;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>16th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1500–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1534–1549</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_Colonies_of_Brazil" class="mw-redirect" title="Captaincy Colonies of Brazil">Captaincy Colonies of Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1549–1572</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Bahia" title="Governorate General of Bahia">Bahia</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1572–1578</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Rio_de_Janeiro" title="Governorate General of Rio de Janeiro">Rio de Janeiro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1578–1607</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/Governorate_General_of_Brazil" title="Governorate General of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>  • 1621–1815</td><td> <span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span><a href="/wiki/State_of_Brazil" title="State of Brazil">Brazil</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1536–1620</td><td> <a href="/wiki/History_of_Barbados" title="History of Barbados">Barbados</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>17th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1621–1751</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_(colonial)" title="State of Maranhão (colonial)">Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1680–1777</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Nova Colónia do Sacramento</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>18th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1751–1772</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Maranh%C3%A3o" title="State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão">Grão-Pará and Maranhão</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Gr%C3%A3o-Par%C3%A1_and_Rio_Negro" title="State of Grão-Pará and Rio Negro">Grão-Pará and Rio Negro</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1772–1775</td><td> <a href="/wiki/State_of_Maranh%C3%A3o_and_Piau%C3%AD" title="State of Maranhão and Piauí">Maranhão and Piauí</a></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><span style="font-size:120%"><b>19th century</b></span> </p> <table style="line-height: 1.5em; border-spacing:0;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1808–1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Cisplatina" title="Cisplatina">Cisplatina <span style="font-size:85%;">(Uruguay)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1809–1817</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Amap%C3%A1" title="Amapá">Portuguese Guiana <span style="font-size:85%;">(Amapá)</span></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td> 1822</td><td> <a href="/wiki/Upper_Peru" title="Upper Peru">Upper Peru <span style="font-size:85%;">(Bolivia)</span></a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>  </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.2em;line-height:1.2em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armorial_of_Portuguese_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorial of Portuguese colonies">Armorial of Portuguese colonies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_of_the_Portuguese_Empire" title="Evolution of the Portuguese Empire">Evolution of the Portuguese Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonial_architecture" title="Portuguese colonial architecture">Portuguese colonial architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese colonization of the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Empire_in_the_Indonesian_Archipelago" title="Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago">Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_India" title="Portuguese India">Portuguese India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theory_of_the_Portuguese_discovery_of_Australia" title="Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia">Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Cape_Verde&params=15.3_N_23.7_W_type:country_region:CV"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">15°18′N</span> <span class="longitude">23°42′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">15.3°N 23.7°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">15.3; -23.7</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1011#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1011#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1011#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121733041">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/123091922">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/623158790512438850795">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1216993/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvmHFx8Fmgh3QQcVGyyBP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4029617-9">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81141822">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120220877">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120220877">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00575579">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36750003">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kapverdy"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge168928&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Republic of Cabo 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