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Why did such loans remain part of the vocabulary of poems after the Norman Conquest? And how" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://0.academia-photos.com/10654983/3233798/3805787/s200_angelika.lutz.jpg" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="2369844204" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.academia.edu/42100539/The_Uses_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Middle_English_Poems_From_Historical_Fact_to_Historical_Fiction" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Uses of Norse Loanwords in Middle English Poems: From Historical Fact to Historical Fiction" /> <meta property="og:image" content="http://a.academia-assets.com/images/open-graph-icons/fb-paper.gif" /> <meta property="og:description" content="The few Norse loanwords attested in late Old English poetry can be shown to have added factual plausibility to poems in praise of prominent contemporaries. Why did such loans remain part of the vocabulary of poems after the Norman Conquest? And how" /> <meta property="article:author" content="https://uni-erlangen.academia.edu/AngelikaLutz" /> <meta name="description" content="The few Norse loanwords attested in late Old English poetry can be shown to have added factual plausibility to poems in praise of prominent contemporaries. Why did such loans remain part of the vocabulary of poems after the Norman Conquest? And how" /> <title>(PDF) The Uses of Norse Loanwords in Middle English Poems: From Historical Fact to Historical Fiction | Angelika Lutz - Academia.edu</title> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.academia.edu/42100539/The_Uses_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Middle_English_Poems_From_Historical_Fact_to_Historical_Fiction" /> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-5VKX33P2DS"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-5VKX33P2DS', { cookie_domain: 'academia.edu', send_page_view: false, }); gtag('event', 'page_view', { 'controller': "single_work", 'action': "show", 'controller_action': 'single_work#show', 'logged_in': 'false', 'edge': 'unknown', // Send nil if there is no A/B test bucket, in case some records get logged // with missing data - that way we can distinguish between the two cases. // ab_test_bucket should be of the form <ab_test_name>:<bucket> 'ab_test_bucket': null, }) </script> <script> var $controller_name = 'single_work'; var $action_name = "show"; var $rails_env = 'production'; var $app_rev = '49879c2402910372f4abc62630a427bbe033d190'; var $domain = 'academia.edu'; var $app_host = "academia.edu"; var $asset_host = "academia-assets.com"; var $start_time = new Date().getTime(); var $recaptcha_key = "6LdxlRMTAAAAADnu_zyLhLg0YF9uACwz78shpjJB"; var $recaptcha_invisible_key = "6Lf3KHUUAAAAACggoMpmGJdQDtiyrjVlvGJ6BbAj"; var $disableClientRecordHit = false; </script> <script> window.require = { config: function() { return function() {} } } </script> <script> window.Aedu = window.Aedu || {}; window.Aedu.hit_data = null; window.Aedu.serverRenderTime = new Date(1732459871000); window.Aedu.timeDifference = new Date().getTime() - 1732459871000; </script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"ScholarlyArticle","abstract":"The few Norse loanwords attested in late Old English poetry can be shown to have added factual plausibility to poems in praise of prominent contemporaries. Why did such loans remain part of the vocabulary of poems after the Norman Conquest? And how did Norse loans attested in late Old English and early Middle English prose likewise become part of the Middle English poetic vocabulary? This paper shows that the uses of the Norse loans erl, dreng, swain, and gersum in post-Conquest poems reflect a partial loss of their connection with the real world. They had turned into means of poetic colouring applied to a prehistoric , largely fictional subject matter, mostly by poets who addressed audiences in regions that had come under strong Danelaw influence before the Norman Conquest.","author":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Person","name":"Angelika Lutz"}],"contributor":[],"dateCreated":"2020-02-29","dateModified":null,"datePublished":null,"headline":"The Uses of Norse Loanwords in Middle English Poems: From Historical Fact to Historical Fiction","inLanguage":"en","keywords":[],"locationCreated":null,"publication":"Interdisciplinary Journal for Germanic Linguistics and Semiotic Analysis","publisher":{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","name":null},"image":null,"thumbnailUrl":null,"url":"https://www.academia.edu/42100539/The_Uses_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Middle_English_Poems_From_Historical_Fact_to_Historical_Fiction","sourceOrganization":[{"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"EducationalOrganization","name":"uni-erlangen"}]}</script><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_page/loswp-352e32ba4e89304dc0b4fa5b3952eef2198174c54cdb79066bc62e91c68a1a91.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/body-8d679e925718b5e8e4b18e9a4fab37f7eaa99e43386459376559080ac8f2856a.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/design_system/button-3cea6e0ad4715ed965c49bfb15dedfc632787b32ff6d8c3a474182b231146ab7.css" /><link rel="stylesheet" media="all" 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[{"id":62232102,"identifier":"Attachment_62232102","shouldShowBulkDownload":false}]; window.loswp.shouldDetectTimezone = true; window.loswp.shouldShowBulkDownload = true; window.loswp.showSignupCaptcha = false window.loswp.willEdgeCache = false; window.loswp.work = {"work":{"id":42100539,"created_at":"2020-02-29T02:30:42.417-08:00","from_world_paper_id":null,"updated_at":"2021-01-14T22:09:13.319-08:00","_data":{"abstract":"The few Norse loanwords attested in late Old English poetry can be shown to have added factual plausibility to poems in praise of prominent contemporaries. Why did such loans remain part of the vocabulary of poems after the Norman Conquest? And how did Norse loans attested in late Old English and early Middle English prose likewise become part of the Middle English poetic vocabulary? This paper shows that the uses of the Norse loans erl, dreng, swain, and gersum in post-Conquest poems reflect a partial loss of their connection with the real world. They had turned into means of poetic colouring applied to a prehistoric , largely fictional subject matter, mostly by poets who addressed audiences in regions that had come under strong Danelaw influence before the Norman Conquest.","publication_name":"Interdisciplinary Journal for Germanic Linguistics and Semiotic Analysis"},"document_type":"paper","pre_hit_view_count_baseline":null,"quality":"high","language":"en","title":"The Uses of Norse Loanwords in Middle English Poems: From Historical Fact to Historical Fiction","broadcastable":true,"draft":false,"has_indexable_attachment":true,"indexable":true}}["work"]; window.loswp.workCoauthors = [10654983]; window.loswp.locale = "en"; window.loswp.countryCode = "SG"; window.loswp.cwvAbTestBucket = ""; window.loswp.designVariant = "ds_vanilla"; window.loswp.fullPageMobileSutdModalVariant = "full_page_mobile_sutd_modal"; window.loswp.useOptimizedScribd4genScript = false; window.loswp.appleClientId = 'edu.academia.applesignon';</script><script defer="" src="https://accounts.google.com/gsi/client"></script><div class="ds-loswp-container"><div class="ds-work-card--grid-container"><div class="ds-work-card--container js-loswp-work-card"><div class="ds-work-card--cover"><div class="ds-work-cover--wrapper"><div class="ds-work-cover--container"><button class="ds-work-cover--clickable js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"swp-splash-paper-cover","attachmentId":62232102,"attachmentType":"pdf"}"><img alt="First page of “The Uses of Norse Loanwords in Middle English Poems: From Historical Fact to Historical Fiction”" class="ds-work-cover--cover-thumbnail" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/attachment_thumbnails/62232102/mini_magick20200229-14690-7ebibi.png?1582973621" /><img alt="PDF Icon" class="ds-work-cover--file-icon" src="//a.academia-assets.com/assets/single_work_splash/adobe.icon-574afd46eb6b03a77a153a647fb47e30546f9215c0ee6a25df597a779717f9ef.svg" /><div class="ds-work-cover--hover-container"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span><p>Download Free PDF</p></div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-container">Download Free PDF</div><div class="ds-work-cover--ribbon-triangle"></div></button></div></div></div><div class="ds-work-card--work-information"><h1 class="ds-work-card--work-title">The Uses of Norse Loanwords in Middle English Poems: From Historical Fact to Historical Fiction</h1><div class="ds-work-card--work-authors ds-work-card--detail"><a class="ds-work-card--author js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10654983" href="https://uni-erlangen.academia.edu/AngelikaLutz"><img alt="Profile image of Angelika Lutz" class="ds-work-card--author-avatar" src="https://0.academia-photos.com/10654983/3233798/3805787/s65_angelika.lutz.jpg" />Angelika Lutz</a></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-sm">Interdisciplinary Journal for Germanic Linguistics and Semiotic Analysis</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The few Norse loanwords attested in late Old English poetry can be shown to have added factual plausibility to poems in praise of prominent contemporaries. Why did such loans remain part of the vocabulary of poems after the Norman Conquest? And how did Norse loans attested in late Old English and early Middle English prose likewise become part of the Middle English poetic vocabulary? This paper shows that the uses of the Norse loans erl, dreng, swain, and gersum in post-Conquest poems reflect a partial loss of their connection with the real world. They had turned into means of poetic colouring applied to a prehistoric , largely fictional subject matter, mostly by poets who addressed audiences in regions that had come under strong Danelaw influence before the Norman Conquest.</p><div class="ds-work-card--button-container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--work-card","attachmentId":62232102,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42100539/The_Uses_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Middle_English_Poems_From_Historical_Fact_to_Historical_Fiction"}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--work-card","attachmentId":62232102,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":"https://www.academia.edu/42100539/The_Uses_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Middle_English_Poems_From_Historical_Fact_to_Historical_Fiction"}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div></div><div data-auto_select="false" data-client_id="331998490334-rsn3chp12mbkiqhl6e7lu2q0mlbu0f1b" data-doc_id="62232102" data-landing_url="https://www.academia.edu/42100539/The_Uses_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Middle_English_Poems_From_Historical_Fact_to_Historical_Fiction" data-login_uri="https://www.academia.edu/registrations/google_one_tap" data-moment_callback="onGoogleOneTapEvent" id="g_id_onload"></div><div class="ds-top-related-works--grid-container"><div class="ds-related-content--container ds-top-related-works--container"><h2 class="ds-related-content--heading">Related papers</h2><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="0" data-entity-id="83997506" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/83997506/The_Use_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Late_Old_English_Historical_Poems">The Use of Norse Loanwords in Late Old English Historical Poems</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10654983" href="https://uni-erlangen.academia.edu/AngelikaLutz">Angelika Lutz</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Use of Norse Loanwords in Late Old English Historical Poems","attachmentId":89166027,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/83997506/The_Use_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Late_Old_English_Historical_Poems","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/83997506/The_Use_of_Norse_Loanwords_in_Late_Old_English_Historical_Poems"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="105340949" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/105340949/Old_Norse_Influence_in_Modern_English_The_Effect_of_the_Viking_Invasion">Old Norse Influence in Modern English: The Effect of the Viking Invasion</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="36024582" href="https://hi.academia.edu/SandraFridriksdottir">Sandra Fridriksdottir</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2014</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Old Norse Influence in Modern English: The Effect of the Viking Invasion","attachmentId":104820957,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105340949/Old_Norse_Influence_in_Modern_English_The_Effect_of_the_Viking_Invasion","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/105340949/Old_Norse_Influence_in_Modern_English_The_Effect_of_the_Viking_Invasion"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="244563" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/244563/Studies_in_Early_Middle_English_Loanwords_Norse_and_French_Influences">Studies in Early Middle English Loanwords: Norse and French Influences</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="202080" href="https://utu.academia.edu/JanneSkaffari">Janne Skaffari</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This exploration of medieval language contacts focuses on the impact of the Viking and Norman invasions on the English language of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. The book provides background information on post-Conquest society, culture and language, and presents a contact linguistic framework and a description of research methods. The attestations, uses and statuses of Norse-derived and French-derived words in a broad set of early Middle English texts are discussed at length. TOC: 1 Introduction, 2 England in the 'long twelfth century', 3 English in transition: from Old to Middle English, 4 Lexical borrowing and the contact situation, 5 Studying loanwords: methods and approaches, 6 Loanwords in the Early ME corpus, 7 Loanwords in use in an Early ME prose text, 8 Conclusion, Bibliography, Appendices. 316 pp.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Studies in Early Middle English Loanwords: Norse and French Influences","attachmentId":51881937,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/244563/Studies_in_Early_Middle_English_Loanwords_Norse_and_French_Influences","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/244563/Studies_in_Early_Middle_English_Loanwords_Norse_and_French_Influences"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="85439942" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/85439942/Review_Poetic_Style_and_Innovation_in_Old_English_Old_Norse_and_Old_Saxon_Megan_E_Hartman_">Review: Poetic Style and Innovation in Old English, Old Norse, and Old Saxon (Megan E. Hartman)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="207326" href="https://szu.academia.edu/LeonardNeidorf">Leonard Neidorf</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Review: Poetic Style and Innovation in Old English, Old Norse, and Old Saxon (Megan E. Hartman)","attachmentId":90137148,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/85439942/Review_Poetic_Style_and_Innovation_in_Old_English_Old_Norse_and_Old_Saxon_Megan_E_Hartman_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/85439942/Review_Poetic_Style_and_Innovation_in_Old_English_Old_Norse_and_Old_Saxon_Megan_E_Hartman_"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="42076513" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/42076513/Norse_Loans_in_Middle_English_and_their_Influence_on_Late_Medieval_London_English">Norse Loans in Middle English and their Influence on Late Medieval London English</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="10654983" href="https://uni-erlangen.academia.edu/AngelikaLutz">Angelika Lutz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Anglia, 2017</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Most of the Norse legal and administrative terms attested in Old English were replaced by equivalents from the French superstrate soon after the Norman Conquest, whereas a remarkable number of more basic terms are known to have become part of the very basic vocabulary of modern Standard English. This paper focuses on Norse lexical loans that survived during and beyond the period of French rule and became part of this basic vocabulary. It explores (1) the regional and textual conditions for the survival of such loans and (2) their expansion into late medieval London English and into the emerging standard language. Based on selective textual evidence it is argued that they were not quite as basic originally, that they typically survived and developed in regional centres far away from the French-dominated court, and eventually infiltrated the area in and around late medieval London owing to its growing attraction as an economic and intellectual centre. Both the survival of Norse loans and their later usage expansion are shown to be in harmony with the principles of comparative contact linguistics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Norse Loans in Middle English and their Influence on Late Medieval London English","attachmentId":62204605,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/42076513/Norse_Loans_in_Middle_English_and_their_Influence_on_Late_Medieval_London_English","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/42076513/Norse_Loans_in_Middle_English_and_their_Influence_on_Late_Medieval_London_English"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="49189033" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/49189033/Old_Norse_influences_in_the_transition_from_Old_English_to_Middle_English_and_its_repercussions_on_Modern_English">Old Norse influences in the transition from Old English to Middle English and its repercussions on Modern English</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="20686773" href="https://ufpr-br.academia.edu/IsabelleSoares">Isabelle M Soares</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso, Graduação em Letras - Português/Inglês, UTFPR, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">ABSTRACT: This study refers to the Scandinavian influences on the English language, which involve essentially linguistic aspects, but, also culture. The history of the English language is directly linked to the people who inhabited the current English territory and to the other cultures that the English peoples had contact with. In this way, it will be made the contextualization of the time and the historical space to which this study refers, namely, the Viking Age in England. Through bibliographical research that encompasses many theories and phenomena related to the Old Norse influences on the English language, the focus of this work will on analyze and reflect on the transition from Old English to Middle English, denoting the impact caused by contact with Old Norse. However, although Scandinavian presence in England and their influences on language and culture are significant, such historical episode is overshadowed by Roman and French interferences that have shown greater impact on continental politics. Therefore, another objective of this study is to value and recognize the importance of Scandinavian permanence in England in what concerns the linguistic and cultural consequences from that period.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Old Norse influences in the transition from Old English to Middle English and its repercussions on Modern English","attachmentId":84269742,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/49189033/Old_Norse_influences_in_the_transition_from_Old_English_to_Middle_English_and_its_repercussions_on_Modern_English","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/49189033/Old_Norse_influences_in_the_transition_from_Old_English_to_Middle_English_and_its_repercussions_on_Modern_English"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="6004341" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/6004341/Shadow_and_Paradoxes_of_Darkness_in_Old_English_and_Old_Norse_Poetic_Language">'Shadow' and Paradoxes of Darkness in Old English and Old Norse Poetic Language</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2812550" href="https://york.academia.edu/FilipMissuno">Filip Missuno</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"'Shadow' and Paradoxes of Darkness in Old English and Old Norse Poetic Language","attachmentId":32952720,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/6004341/Shadow_and_Paradoxes_of_Darkness_in_Old_English_and_Old_Norse_Poetic_Language","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/6004341/Shadow_and_Paradoxes_of_Darkness_in_Old_English_and_Old_Norse_Poetic_Language"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="36162677" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/36162677/QUALITY_OVER_QUANTITY_A_DIACHRONIC_APPROACH_TO_THE_INFLUENCE_OF_OLD_NORSE_ON_THE_ENGLISH_LANGUAGE">QUALITY OVER QUANTITY: A DIACHRONIC APPROACH TO THE INFLUENCE OF OLD NORSE ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="56518660" href="https://ujaen.academia.edu/RafaelDamasQuiles">Rafael Damas Quiles</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This dissertation aims at explaining the enormous impact of Old Norse on the English language, more prominent in quality than in quantity. Such influence is firstly dealt with by focusing on the historical and sociocultural context, which, split into different periods, becomes of paramount importance in order to grasp the essence of such contact, both linguistic and cultural, between both societies throughout the centuries. Linguistically, general features of the Germanic group of languages are approached from different perspectives, mainly from the phonetical and morphosyntactic ones. Likewise, such analysis is followed by a comparative one between Old Norse and Old English as coexisting languages, thus allowing similarities and differences between both of them to come to the fore. Finally, the Old Norse influence is covered by taking into special account morphosyntactic and lexical elements, that is, those areas where both Germanic languages have come closer to each other. Therefore, this has allowed us to delve into those numerous items stemming either from the same or from dissimilar sources, most of which, whatever the case, are still substantially present in the everyday uses of today’s English.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"QUALITY OVER QUANTITY: A DIACHRONIC APPROACH TO THE INFLUENCE OF OLD NORSE ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE","attachmentId":56060239,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/36162677/QUALITY_OVER_QUANTITY_A_DIACHRONIC_APPROACH_TO_THE_INFLUENCE_OF_OLD_NORSE_ON_THE_ENGLISH_LANGUAGE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/36162677/QUALITY_OVER_QUANTITY_A_DIACHRONIC_APPROACH_TO_THE_INFLUENCE_OF_OLD_NORSE_ON_THE_ENGLISH_LANGUAGE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="123367029" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/123367029/Rhyme_in_dr%C3%B3ttkv%C3%A6tt_from_Old_Germanic_Inheritance_to_Contemporary_Poetic_Ecology_III_The_Old_Norse_Poetic_Ecology">Rhyme in dróttkvætt, from Old Germanic Inheritance to Contemporary Poetic Ecology III: The Old Norse Poetic Ecology</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="4502198" href="https://helsinki.academia.edu/MrFrog">Mr Frog</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Studia Metrica et Poetica 11(1): 7–43, 2024</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper is the third in a three-part series that develops a model for the background of rhyme in Old Norse dróttkvætt poetry as a formalization of the same form of rhyme found across Old Germanic poetries. The first paper in this series outlined the argument and its background. The second paper explored rhyme in Old Germanic poetries outside of Old Norse. The present paper introduces rhyme in Old Norse eddic poetries in relation to what was found in other Old Germanic traditions. It then turns to dróttkvætt, discussed in relation to the broader poetic ecology in which it emerged and developed, and considers how dróttkvætt impacted that ecology and uses of rhyme in eddic poetry. Although the ultimate origin of dróttkvætt remains obscure, the discussion of rhyme in dróttkvætt requires a discussion of the history of the meter, here situated in relation to other developments in the poetic ecology that point to greater attention to cadence and rhyme under conditions conducive to formalizing a stanzaic structure. However, this exploration of the history of the poetic form highlights that rhyme may have been a secondary development of the basic meter, formalizing what began as an optional added feature that may have had only a marginal metrical role.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Rhyme in dróttkvætt, from Old Germanic Inheritance to Contemporary Poetic Ecology III: The Old Norse Poetic Ecology","attachmentId":117814865,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123367029/Rhyme_in_dr%C3%B3ttkv%C3%A6tt_from_Old_Germanic_Inheritance_to_Contemporary_Poetic_Ecology_III_The_Old_Norse_Poetic_Ecology","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/123367029/Rhyme_in_dr%C3%B3ttkv%C3%A6tt_from_Old_Germanic_Inheritance_to_Contemporary_Poetic_Ecology_III_The_Old_Norse_Poetic_Ecology"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="88356999" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88356999/The_Threatening_Wave_Norse_Poetry_and_the_Scottish_Isles">The Threatening Wave: Norse Poetry and the Scottish Isles</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="53763" href="https://nottingham.academia.edu/JudithJesch">Judith Jesch</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Maritime Societies of the Viking and Medieval World, 2016</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Threatening Wave: Norse Poetry and the Scottish Isles","attachmentId":92344912,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88356999/The_Threatening_Wave_Norse_Poetry_and_the_Scottish_Isles","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88356999/The_Threatening_Wave_Norse_Poetry_and_the_Scottish_Isles"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62232102,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":62232102,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_62232102" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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